Sample records for resources commodities trade

  1. Economic aspects of virtual water trade

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Oki, Taikan; Yano, Shinjiro; Hanasaki, Naota

    2017-04-01

    Although water is rarely traded over long distances by itself, the total weight of the water consumed to produce traded commodities exceeds the weight of any other commodity traded in the world. This concept is known as virtual water trade. Although space-/time-/commodity-based quantification has been conducted extensively, the underlying causes of this peculiar feature have thus far received little exploration. Here, we use estimates of water consumption from a global hydrological model and statistical data related to food trade to elucidate three facts that explain the fundamental nature of virtual water trade with respect to alleviating water scarcity. First, we quantitatively illustrate the unique position of water among commodities based on its unit price and quantity of sales. Water has an extremely low unit price, and a tremendous volume of water is consumed per person each day. Second, we show that rich but water-scarce countries tend to reduce local water consumption by importing virtual water. Third, we demonstrate that nations characterized by net virtual water exports have higher water resources and income per capita and that no countries fall below a certain threshold with respect to both GDP and water resources. These points suggest that the virtual water trade is explained by economic characteristics of water and that sustainable development depends on promoting the co-development of poverty alleviation and water resource development.

  2. Resource nationalism in Indonesia—Effects of the 2014 mineral export ban

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Lederer, Graham W.

    2016-09-27

    Resource nationalism encompasses a broad range of political and economic actions taken by Governments to regulate the extraction of natural resources within their borders. Policies such as increased tariffs or export restrictions can have far-reaching economic effects on international trade. As the Governments of several developing countries consider enacting nationalistic policies, an examination of the 2014 mineral export ban in Indonesia provides an instructive example of the possible impacts of resource nationalism. Significant changes in the production and trade of unprocessed (that is, ores and concentrates) and processed (that is, refined metal) aluminum, copper, and nickel before and after the export ban form the basis of this study.The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Minerals Information Center (NMIC) tracks production and trade of mineral commodities between producer and consumer countries. Materials flow studies clarify the effects of an export ban on different mineral commodities by assessing changes in production, processing capacity, and trade. Using extensive data collection and monitoring procedures, the USGS NMIC investigated the effects of resource nationalism on the flow of mineral commodities from Indonesia to the global economy.

  3. How water is different from energy and food?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hanasaki, N.; Oki, T.; Yano, S.

    2017-12-01

    Although water is rarely traded over long distances by itself, the total weight of the water consumed to produce traded commodities exceeds the weight of any other commodity traded in the world. This concept is known as virtual water trade. Although space-/time-/commodity-based quantification has been conducted extensively, the underlying causes of this peculiar feature have thus far received little exploration. Here, we use estimates of water consumption from a global hydrological model and statistical data related to food trade to elucidate three facts that explain the fundamental nature of virtual water trade with respect to alleviating water scarcity. First, we quantitatively illustrate the unique position of water among commodities based on its unit price and quantity of sales. Water has an extremely low unit price, and a tremendous volume of water is consumed per person each day. Second, we show that rich but water-scarce countries tend to reduce local water consumption by importing virtual water. Third, we demonstrate that nations characterized by net virtual water exports have higher water resources and income per capita and that no countries fall below a certain threshold with respect to both GDP and water resources. These points suggest that the virtual water trade is explained by economic characteristics of water and that sustainable development depends on promoting the co-development of poverty alleviation and water resource development.

  4. Child mortality, commodity price volatility and the resource curse.

    PubMed

    Makhlouf, Yousef; Kellard, Neil M; Vinogradov, Dmitri

    2017-04-01

    Given many developing economies depend on primary commodities, the fluctuations of commodity prices may imply significant effects for the wellbeing of children. To investigate, this paper examines the relationship between child mortality and commodity price movements as reflected by country-specific commodity terms-of-trade. Employing a panel of 69 low and lower-middle income countries over the period 1970-2010, we show that commodity terms-of-trade volatility increases child mortality in highly commodity-dependent importers suggesting a type of 'scarce' resource curse. Strikingly however, good institutions appear able to mitigate the negative impact of volatility. The paper concludes by highlighting this tripartite relationship between child mortality, volatility and good institutions and posits that an effective approach to improving child wellbeing in low to lower-middle income countries will combine hedging, import diversification and improvement of institutional quality. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  5. Contextualizing Embodied Resources in Global Food Trade

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    MacDonald, G. K.; Brauman, K. A.; Sun, S.; West, P. C.; Carlson, K. M.; Cassidy, E. S.; Gerber, J. S.; Ray, D. K.

    2014-12-01

    Trade in agricultural commodities has created increasingly complex linkages between resource use and food supplies across national borders. Understanding the degree to which food production and consumption relies on trade is vital to understanding how to sustainably meet growing food demands across scales. We use detailed bilateral trade statistics and data on agricultural management to examine the land use and water consumption embodied in agricultural trade, which we relate to basic nutritional indicators to show how trade contributes to food availability worldwide. Agricultural trade carries enough calories to provide >1.7 billion people a basic diet each year. We identify key commodities and producer-consumer relationships that disproportionately contribute to embodied resource use and flows of food nutrition at the global scale. For example, just 15 disproportionately large soybean trades comprised ~10% the total harvested area embodied in export production. We conclude by framing these results in terms of the fraction of each country's food production and consumption that is linked to international trade. These findings help to characterize how countries allocate resources to domestic versus foreign food demand.

  6. Virtual Water Trade: Revisiting the Assessments to Incorporate Regional Water Stress

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Perveen, S.; Puma, M. J.; Troy, T. J.; Browne, M.; Ghosh, M.

    2011-12-01

    Virtual water (VW) refers to the volume of freshwater embedded in the production and shipment of a commodity, which can include agricultural or industrial products, and the trade of commodities can then be viewed as the trade of one region's water resources to another. The premise behind this trade is that countries with a comparative water advantage may choose to export crops, and countries with scarce water resources may focus economic activity on non-water intensive sectors. However, this assumption is not always true given food self-sufficiency policies; water scarce regions often choose to unsustainably mine aquifers for irrigation. Recent studies have shown no correlation between dependency on VW imports and water scarcity for nations, suggesting that politico-economic considerations rather than resource scarcity considerations may dominate the current VW dynamics. Existing VW computations do not take into account water-scarcity value or the full-cost pricing of commodities. This study aims to fill in this gap by focusing on three countries - the United States, India, and Japan - and their production, imports and exports of crop, livestock and industrial commodities. These countries offer three different perspectives on virtual water, with Japan as a net importer of agriculture virtual water and a major industrial nation. The United States, on the other hand, exports significant quantities of grain. India is a developing country with a strong focus on food self-sufficiency. We first quantify the amount of water used in the production of each commodity and then examine the virtual water trade balance for each country, examining the tradeoffs each country has made between agriculture and industrial water use; given that water resources are finite. To examine the interplay between virtual water trade and water scarcity, we focus on two sub-regions, the Ogallala Aquifer in the US and the Punjab region in India, both of which have significant agricultural economies and are knowingly depleting their groundwater resources. We estimate the direct and indirect cost of water in each region and evaluate the economic trade-offs these regions are making.

  7. History and geography of virtual water trade

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Carr, J. A.; D'Odorico, P.; Laio, F.; Ridolfi, L.

    2012-12-01

    The global trade of goods is associated with a virtual transfer of the water required for their production. The way changes in trade affect the virtual redistribution of freshwater resources has been recently documented through the analysis of the virtual water network. It is, however, unclear how these changes are contributed by different types of products and regions of the world. Here we show how the global patterns of virtual water transport are contributed by the trade of different commodity types, including plant, animal, luxury (e.g., coffee, tea, and alcohol), and other products (non-edible plant and animal products typically used for manufacturing). Major contributors to the virtual water network exhibit different trade patterns with regard to these commodity types with the net importers of virtual water relying on the supply of virtual water from a small percentage of the global population. Discrepancies exist among the different commodity networks. Surprisingly, while the total virtual water flux through the network has increased between 1986 and 2008, the global proportions associated with the four commodity groups have remained relatively stable. Here we discuss some major changes in the global patterns of virtual water trade with a focus on the increase in regional dependencies on foreign virtual water. The increase in virtual water trade and the percentage of the total virtual water flux in the network corresponding to plant, animals, luxury, and other commodities.

  8. 17 CFR 4.41 - Advertising by commodity pool operators, commodity trading advisors, and the principals thereof.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... operators, commodity trading advisors, and the principals thereof. 4.41 Section 4.41 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Advertising § 4.41 Advertising by commodity pool operators, commodity trading advisors, and the...

  9. 75 FR 63113 - Financial Resources Requirements for Derivatives Clearing Organizations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-14

    ... Resources Requirements for Derivatives Clearing Organizations AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission... regulations establish financial resources requirements for derivatives clearing organizations (DCOs) for the... DCO's organizational structure, i.e., whether or not the DCO is a membership organization. Clearing...

  10. Systemic trade risk of critical resources.

    PubMed

    Klimek, Peter; Obersteiner, Michael; Thurner, Stefan

    2015-11-01

    In the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, the role of strongly interconnected markets in causing systemic instability has been increasingly acknowledged. Trade networks of commodities are susceptible to cascades of supply shocks that increase systemic trade risks and pose a threat to geopolitical stability. We show that supply risk, scarcity, and price volatility of nonfuel mineral resources are intricately connected with the structure of the worldwide trade networks spanned by these resources. At the global level, we demonstrate that the scarcity of a resource is closely related to the susceptibility of the trade network with respect to cascading shocks. At the regional level, we find that, to some extent, region-specific price volatility and supply risk can be understood by centrality measures that capture systemic trade risk. The resources associated with the highest systemic trade risk indicators are often those that are produced as by-products of major metals. We identify significant strategic shortcomings in the management of systemic trade risk, in particular in the European Union.

  11. Systemic trade risk of critical resources

    PubMed Central

    Klimek, Peter; Obersteiner, Michael; Thurner, Stefan

    2015-01-01

    In the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, the role of strongly interconnected markets in causing systemic instability has been increasingly acknowledged. Trade networks of commodities are susceptible to cascades of supply shocks that increase systemic trade risks and pose a threat to geopolitical stability. We show that supply risk, scarcity, and price volatility of nonfuel mineral resources are intricately connected with the structure of the worldwide trade networks spanned by these resources. At the global level, we demonstrate that the scarcity of a resource is closely related to the susceptibility of the trade network with respect to cascading shocks. At the regional level, we find that, to some extent, region-specific price volatility and supply risk can be understood by centrality measures that capture systemic trade risk. The resources associated with the highest systemic trade risk indicators are often those that are produced as by-products of major metals. We identify significant strategic shortcomings in the management of systemic trade risk, in particular in the European Union. PMID:26702431

  12. 17 CFR 4.32 - Trading on a Registered Derivatives Transaction Execution Facility for Non-Institutional Customers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Trading on a Registered... Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Commodity Trading Advisors § 4.32 Trading on a Registered Derivatives Transaction Execution...

  13. 17 CFR 4.32 - Trading on a Registered Derivatives Transaction Execution Facility for Non-Institutional Customers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Trading on a Registered... Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Commodity Trading Advisors § 4.32 Trading on a Registered Derivatives Transaction Execution...

  14. 17 CFR 33.4 - Designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... market for the trading of commodity options. 33.4 Section 33.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.4 Designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. The Commission may...

  15. 17 CFR 33.4 - Designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... market for the trading of commodity options. 33.4 Section 33.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.4 Designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. The Commission may...

  16. 17 CFR 33.5 - Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.5 Section 33.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.5 Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. (a...

  17. 17 CFR 37.4 - Election to trade excluded and exempt commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Election to trade excluded and exempt commodities. 37.4 Section 37.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES TRANSACTION EXECUTION FACILITIES § 37.4 Election to trade excluded and exempt commodities. A board of trade that is or elects...

  18. 17 CFR 33.5 - Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.5 Section 33.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS THAT ARE OPTIONS... contract market for the trading of commodity options. (a) Any board of trade desiring to be designated as a...

  19. 17 CFR 33.5 - Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.5 Section 33.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.5 Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. (a...

  20. 17 CFR 33.5 - Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.5 Section 33.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.5 Application for designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. (a...

  1. 17 CFR 5.4 - Applicability of part 4 of this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors. 5.4 Section 5.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.4 Applicability of part 4 of this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors. Part 4 of...

  2. 17 CFR 5.4 - Applicability of part 4 of this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors. 5.4 Section 5.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.4 Applicability of part 4 of this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors. Part 4 of...

  3. Trade and investment liberalization and Asia's noncommunicable disease epidemic: a synthesis of data and existing literature.

    PubMed

    Baker, Phillip; Kay, Adrian; Walls, Helen

    2014-09-12

    Trade and investment liberalization (trade liberalization) can promote or harm health. Undoubtedly it has contributed, although unevenly, to Asia's social and economic development over recent decades with resultant gains in life expectancy and living standards. In the absence of public health protections, however, it is also a significant upstream driver of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes through facilitating increased consumption of the 'risk commodities' tobacco, alcohol and ultra-processed foods, and by constraining access to NCD medicines. In this paper we describe the NCD burden in Asian countries, trends in risk commodity consumption and the processes by which trade liberalization has occurred in the region and contributed to these trends. We further establish pressing questions for future research on strengthening regulatory capacity to address trade liberalization impacts on risk commodity consumption and health. A semi-structured search of scholarly databases, institutional websites and internet sources for academic and grey literature. Data for descriptive statistics were sourced from Euromonitor International, the World Bank, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Consumption of tobacco, alcohol and ultra-processed foods was prevalent in the region and increasing in many countries. We find that trade liberalization can facilitate increased trade in goods, services and investments in ways that can promote risk commodity consumption, as well as constrain the available resources and capacities of governments to enact policies and programmes to mitigate such consumption. Intellectual property provisions of trade agreements may also constrain access to NCD medicines. Successive layers of the evolving global and regional trade regimes including structural adjustment, multilateral trade agreements, and preferential trade agreements have enabled transnational corporations that manufacture, market and distribute risk commodities to increasingly penetrate and promote consumption in Asian markets. Trade liberalization is a significant driver of the NCD epidemic in Asia. Increased participation in trade agreements requires countries to strengthen regulatory capacity to ensure adequate protections for public health. How best to achieve this through multilateral, regional and unilateral actions is a pressing question for ongoing research.

  4. Coffee Connections. A Precollegiate Curriculum Unit. Grades Nine through Twelve. Revised.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stanford Univ., CA. Stanford Program on International and Cross Cultural Education.

    This unit, designed for grades 9-12, introduces students to economic concepts of international trade through the case of the international coffee industry in California and Brazil. The following concepts are among those examined: commodities, factors of production (human resources, capital resources, and environmental resources), imports and…

  5. 17 CFR 33.6 - Suspension or revocation of designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.6 Section 33.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.6 Suspension or revocation of designation as a contract market for the trading...

  6. 17 CFR 33.6 - Suspension or revocation of designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.6 Section 33.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.6 Suspension or revocation of designation as a contract market for the trading...

  7. 17 CFR 33.6 - Suspension or revocation of designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. 33.6 Section 33.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS THAT... designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options. The Commission may, after notice and...

  8. 17 CFR 33.4 - Designation as a contract market for the trading of commodity options.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... market for the trading of commodity options. 33.4 Section 33.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS THAT ARE OPTIONS ON CONTRACTS OF SALE OF A COMMODITY FOR FUTURE DELIVERY § 33.4 Designation as a contract market for the trading...

  9. Recent history and geography of virtual water trade.

    PubMed

    Carr, Joel A; D'Odorico, Paolo; Laio, Francesco; Ridolfi, Luca

    2013-01-01

    The global trade of goods is associated with a virtual transfer of the water required for their production. The way changes in trade affect the virtual redistribution of freshwater resources has been recently documented through the analysis of the virtual water network. It is, however, unclear how these changes are contributed by different types of products and regions of the world. Here we show how the global patterns of virtual water transport are contributed by the trade of different commodity types, including plant, animal, luxury (e.g., coffee, tea, and alcohol), and other products. Major contributors to the virtual water network exhibit different trade patterns with regard to these commodity types. The net importers rely on the supply of virtual water from a small percentage of the global population. However, discrepancies exist among the different commodity networks. While the total virtual water flux through the network has increased between 1986 and 2010, the proportions associated with the four commodity groups have remained relatively stable. However, some of the major players have shown significant changes in the virtual water imports and exports associated with those commodity groups. For instance, China has switched from being a net exporter of virtual water associated with other products (non-edible plant and animal products typically used for manufacturing) to being the largest importer, accounting for 31% of the total water virtually transported with these products. Conversely, in the case of The United states of America, the commodity proportions have remained overall unchanged throughout the study period: the virtual water exports from The United States of America are dominated by plant products, whereas the imports are comprised mainly of animal and luxury products.

  10. Recent History and Geography of Virtual Water Trade

    PubMed Central

    Carr, Joel A.; D’Odorico, Paolo; Laio, Francesco; Ridolfi, Luca

    2013-01-01

    The global trade of goods is associated with a virtual transfer of the water required for their production. The way changes in trade affect the virtual redistribution of freshwater resources has been recently documented through the analysis of the virtual water network. It is, however, unclear how these changes are contributed by different types of products and regions of the world. Here we show how the global patterns of virtual water transport are contributed by the trade of different commodity types, including plant, animal, luxury (e.g., coffee, tea, and alcohol), and other products. Major contributors to the virtual water network exhibit different trade patterns with regard to these commodity types. The net importers rely on the supply of virtual water from a small percentage of the global population. However, discrepancies exist among the different commodity networks. While the total virtual water flux through the network has increased between 1986 and 2010, the proportions associated with the four commodity groups have remained relatively stable. However, some of the major players have shown significant changes in the virtual water imports and exports associated with those commodity groups. For instance, China has switched from being a net exporter of virtual water associated with other products (non-edible plant and animal products typically used for manufacturing) to being the largest importer, accounting for 31% of the total water virtually transported with these products. Conversely, in the case of The United states of America, the commodity proportions have remained overall unchanged throughout the study period: the virtual water exports from The United States of America are dominated by plant products, whereas the imports are comprised mainly of animal and luxury products. PMID:23457481

  11. 17 CFR 37.4 - Election to trade excluded and exempt commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Election to trade excluded and exempt commodities. 37.4 Section 37.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES TRANSACTION EXECUTION FACILITIES § 37.4 Election to trade excluded and exempt...

  12. Virtual water trade and bilateral conflicts

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    De Angelis, Enrico; Metulini, Rodolfo; Bove, Vincenzo; Riccaboni, Massimo

    2017-12-01

    In light of growing water scarcity, virtual water, or the water embedded in key water-intensive commodities, has been an active area of debate among practitioners and academics alike. As of yet, however, there is no consensus on whether water scarcity affects conflict behavior and we still lack empirical research intending to account for the role of virtual water in affecting the odds of militarized disputes between states. Using quantitative methods and data on virtual water trade, we find that bilateral and multilateral trade openness reduce the probability of war between any given pair of countries, which is consistent with the strategic role of this important commodity and the opportunity cost associated with the loss of trade gains. We also find that the substantive effect of virtual water trade is comparable to that of oil and gas, the archetypal natural resources, in determining interstate conflicts' probability.

  13. 78 FR 41384 - Agricultural Advisory Committee Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-10

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Agricultural Advisory Committee Meeting AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice of Meeting. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission's... Lachenmayr, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Three Lafayette Centre, 1155 21st Street NW., Washington...

  14. Resource Management and Risk Mitigation in Online Storage Grids

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Du, Ye

    2010-01-01

    This dissertation examines the economic value of online storage resources that could be traded and shared as potential commodities and the consequential investments and deployment of such resources. The value proposition of emergent business models such as Akamai and Amazon S3 in online storage grids is capacity provision and content delivery at…

  15. 17 CFR 4.14 - Exemption from registration as a commodity trading advisor.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions... commodity pool operator and the person's commodity trading advice is directed solely to, and for the sole use of, the pool or pools for which it is so registered; (5) It is exempt from registration as a...

  16. 17 CFR 4.32 - Trading on a Registered Derivatives Transaction Execution Facility for Non-Institutional Customers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Trading on a Registered Derivatives Transaction Execution Facility for Non-Institutional Customers. 4.32 Section 4.32 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING...

  17. Sustainable Systems Analysis of Production and Transportation Scenarios for Conventional and Bio-based Energy Commodities

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Doran, E. M.; Golden, J. S.; Nowacek, D. P.

    2013-12-01

    International commerce places unique pressures on the sustainability of water resources and marine environments. System impacts include noise, emissions, and chemical and biological pollutants like introduction of invasive species into key ecosystems. At the same time, maritime trade also enables the sustainability ambition of intragenerational equity in the economy through the global circulation of commodities and manufactured goods, including agricultural, energy and mining resources (UN Trade and Development Board 2013). This paper presents a framework to guide the analysis of the multiple dimensions of the sustainable commerce-ocean nexus. As a demonstration case, we explore the social, economic and environmental aspects of the nexus framework using scenarios for the production and transportation of conventional and bio-based energy commodities. Using coupled LCA and GIS methodologies, we are able to orient the findings spatially for additional insight. Previous work on the sustainable use of marine resources has focused on distinct aspects of the maritime environment. The framework presented here, integrates the anthropogenic use, governance and impacts on the marine and coastal environments with the natural components of the system. A similar framework has been highly effective in progressing the study of land-change science (Turner et al 2007), however modification is required for the unique context of the marine environment. This framework will enable better research integration and planning for sustainability objectives including mitigation and adaptation to climate change, sea level rise, reduced dependence on fossil fuels, protection of critical marine habitat and species, and better management of the ocean as an emerging resource base for the production and transport of commodities and energy across the globe. The framework can also be adapted for vulnerability analysis, resilience studies and to evaluate the trends in production, consumption and commerce. To demonstrate the usefulness of the framework, we construct several scenarios as case studies to explore the emerging trends of larger ship deployment and the changing portfolio of energy resources including the increased consumption of bio-based energy. The maritime transportation industry remains heavily reliant on fossil fuels to power transport, while energy, mineral and grain remain the largest bulk commodities shipped. Emerging markets for such commodities, as well as new production methods and locations are considered. We overlay these trends and shifts with ecological areas of concern and biological migration routes. The diversity of governance regimes is also considered to produce a clearer picture of the emerging hot-spots for further study and for the synergies and tradeoffs that must be considered to achieve a sustainable ocean system. References Turner BL, Lambin EF, Reenberg A (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci, (104):20666-20671. UN Trade and Development Board (2013) Recent developments and trends in international maritime transport affecting trade of developing countries, TD/B/C.1/30.

  18. China’s Rise in South America: The Partner of Choice

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2018-03-01

    insufficient amount of natural resources and agricultural production in Southeast Asia to maintain its economy and citizenry.6 This “win-win” financing...its agricultural products, as the U.S. government does through subsidies, therefore creating more cost-effective commodity trade for both countries.19...This makes trade much between China and South America much easier than the conflict-laden agricultural trade between the United States and South

  19. 17 CFR 1.19 - Prohibited trading in certain “puts” and “calls”.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Prohibited trading in certain âputsâ and âcallsâ. 1.19 Section 1.19 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Prohibited Trading in Commodity Options § 1...

  20. 17 CFR 1.19 - Prohibited trading in certain “puts” and “calls”.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Prohibited trading in certain âputsâ and âcallsâ. 1.19 Section 1.19 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Prohibited Trading in Commodity Options § 1...

  1. 17 CFR 1.19 - Prohibited trading in certain “puts” and “calls”.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Prohibited trading in certain âputsâ and âcallsâ. 1.19 Section 1.19 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Prohibited Trading in Commodity Options § 1...

  2. 17 CFR 1.19 - Prohibited trading in certain “puts” and “calls”.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Prohibited trading in certain âputsâ and âcallsâ. 1.19 Section 1.19 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Prohibited Trading in Commodity Options § 1...

  3. 17 CFR 1.19 - Prohibited trading in certain “puts” and “calls”.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Prohibited trading in certain âputsâ and âcallsâ. 1.19 Section 1.19 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Prohibited Trading in Commodity Options § 1...

  4. 17 CFR 32.13 - Exemption from prohibition of commodity option transactions for trade options on certain...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Exemption from prohibition of commodity option transactions for trade options on certain agricultural commodities. 32.13 Section 32.13 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 32.13 Exemption from...

  5. 77 FR 27444 - Joint CFTC-SEC Advisory Committee on Emerging Regulatory Issues

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-10

    ... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION [Release Nos. 34-66932... and Exchange Commission (``SEC'') and Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC'') (each, an.... Commodity Futures Trading Commission Written comments may be mailed to the Commodity Futures Trading...

  6. 17 CFR 37.406 - Trade reconstruction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Trade reconstruction. 37.406 Section 37.406 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP EXECUTION FACILITIES Monitoring of Trading and Trade Processing § 37.406 Trade reconstruction. The swap execution...

  7. 17 CFR 5.4 - Applicability of part 4 of this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Applicability of part 4 of this chapter to commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors. 5.4 Section 5.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.4...

  8. 17 CFR 4.6 - Exclusion for certain otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term “commodity...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term âcommodity trading advisor.â 4.6 Section 4.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions and Exemptions § 4.6 Exclusion for certain...

  9. 17 CFR 4.6 - Exclusion for certain otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term “commodity...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term âcommodity trading advisor.â 4.6 Section 4.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions and Exemptions § 4.6 Exclusion for certain...

  10. 17 CFR 4.6 - Exclusion for certain otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term “commodity...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term âcommodity trading advisor.â 4.6 Section 4.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions and Exemptions § 4.6 Exclusion for certain...

  11. 17 CFR 4.6 - Exclusion for certain otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term “commodity...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term âcommodity trading advisor.â 4.6 Section 4.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions and Exemptions § 4.6 Exclusion for certain...

  12. 17 CFR 4.6 - Exclusion for certain otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term “commodity...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... otherwise regulated persons from the definition of the term âcommodity trading advisor.â 4.6 Section 4.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions and Exemptions § 4.6 Exclusion for certain...

  13. 31 CFR 560.526 - Commodities trading and related transactions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Commodities trading and related... Licenses, Authorizations and Statements of Licensing Policy § 560.526 Commodities trading and related transactions. (a) Trading in Iranian-origin commodities. With respect to § 560.206, specific licenses may be...

  14. 31 CFR 560.526 - Commodities trading and related transactions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Commodities trading and related... Licenses, Authorizations and Statements of Licensing Policy § 560.526 Commodities trading and related transactions. (a) Trading in Iranian-origin commodities. With respect to § 560.206, specific licenses may be...

  15. 17 CFR 37.405 - Risk controls for trading.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Risk controls for trading. 37.405 Section 37.405 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP EXECUTION FACILITIES Monitoring of Trading and Trade Processing § 37.405 Risk controls for trading. The swap...

  16. 17 CFR 38.451 - Reporting of trade information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Reporting of trade information. 38.451 Section 38.451 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DESIGNATED CONTRACT MARKETS Daily Publication of Trading Information § 38.451 Reporting of trade information...

  17. 17 CFR 38.451 - Reporting of trade information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Reporting of trade information. 38.451 Section 38.451 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DESIGNATED CONTRACT MARKETS Daily Publication of Trading Information § 38.451 Reporting of trade information...

  18. 17 CFR 155.4 - Trading standards for introducing brokers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Trading standards for introducing brokers. 155.4 Section 155.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION (CONTINUED) TRADING STANDARDS § 155.4 Trading standards for introducing brokers. (a) Each...

  19. 17 CFR 155.4 - Trading standards for introducing brokers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Trading standards for introducing brokers. 155.4 Section 155.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION TRADING STANDARDS § 155.4 Trading standards for introducing brokers. (a) Each introducing broker...

  20. 17 CFR 155.4 - Trading standards for introducing brokers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Trading standards for introducing brokers. 155.4 Section 155.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION TRADING STANDARDS § 155.4 Trading standards for introducing brokers. (a) Each introducing broker...

  1. 17 CFR 155.4 - Trading standards for introducing brokers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Trading standards for introducing brokers. 155.4 Section 155.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION TRADING STANDARDS § 155.4 Trading standards for introducing brokers. (a) Each introducing broker...

  2. A Space Commodities Futures Trading Exchange to Grow the Lunar Economy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cahan, B. B. C.

    2017-10-01

    This paper proposes to establish a Space Commodities Futures Trading Exchange in order to define and trade essential commodities that, when traded on an open exchange, improve availability, quality, price discovery, financeability, and equal access.

  3. 17 CFR 4.13 - Exemption from registration as a commodity pool operator.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... a commodity pool operator. 4.13 Section 4.13 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS General Provisions, Definitions and Exemptions § 4.13 Exemption from registration as a commodity pool operator. This section is...

  4. 17 CFR 38.256 - Trade reconstruction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Trade reconstruction. 38.256 Section 38.256 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DESIGNATED CONTRACT MARKETS Prevention of Market Disruption § 38.256 Trade reconstruction. The designated contract market must...

  5. 17 CFR 38.256 - Trade reconstruction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Trade reconstruction. 38.256 Section 38.256 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DESIGNATED CONTRACT MARKETS Prevention of Market Disruption § 38.256 Trade reconstruction. The designated contract market must...

  6. 17 CFR 155.6 - Trading standards for the transaction of business on registered derivatives transaction execution...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Trading standards for the transaction of business on registered derivatives transaction execution facilities. 155.6 Section 155.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION TRADING STANDARDS § 155.6 Trading...

  7. 17 CFR 155.6 - Trading standards for the transaction of business on registered derivatives transaction execution...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Trading standards for the transaction of business on registered derivatives transaction execution facilities. 155.6 Section 155.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION TRADING STANDARDS § 155.6 Trading...

  8. 17 CFR 155.6 - Trading standards for the transaction of business on registered derivatives transaction execution...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Trading standards for the transaction of business on registered derivatives transaction execution facilities. 155.6 Section 155.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION TRADING STANDARDS § 155.6 Trading...

  9. 17 CFR 166.2 - Authorization to trade.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Authorization to trade. 166.2 Section 166.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION CUSTOMER PROTECTION RULES § 166.2 Authorization to trade. No futures commission merchant, retail foreign exchange dealer...

  10. 17 CFR 166.2 - Authorization to trade.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Authorization to trade. 166.2 Section 166.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION CUSTOMER PROTECTION RULES § 166.2 Authorization to trade. No futures commission merchant, retail foreign exchange dealer...

  11. 17 CFR 166.2 - Authorization to trade.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Authorization to trade. 166.2 Section 166.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION (CONTINUED) CUSTOMER PROTECTION RULES § 166.2 Authorization to trade. No futures commission merchant, retail foreign exchange...

  12. 17 CFR 23.504 - Swap trading relationship documentation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Swap trading relationship documentation. 23.504 Section 23.504 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DEALERS AND MAJOR SWAP PARTICIPANTS Swap Documentation § 23.504 Swap trading relationship...

  13. 17 CFR 23.504 - Swap trading relationship documentation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Swap trading relationship documentation. 23.504 Section 23.504 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DEALERS AND MAJOR SWAP PARTICIPANTS Swap Documentation § 23.504 Swap trading relationship...

  14. 17 CFR 38.152 - Abusive trading practices prohibited.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Abusive trading practices prohibited. 38.152 Section 38.152 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DESIGNATED CONTRACT MARKETS Compliance With Rules § 38.152 Abusive trading practices prohibited. A designated...

  15. 17 CFR 38.152 - Abusive trading practices prohibited.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Abusive trading practices prohibited. 38.152 Section 38.152 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DESIGNATED CONTRACT MARKETS Compliance With Rules § 38.152 Abusive trading practices prohibited. A designated...

  16. 17 CFR 16.02 - Daily trade and supporting data reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Daily trade and supporting data reports. 16.02 Section 16.02 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REPORTS BY REPORTING MARKETS § 16.02 Daily trade and supporting data reports. Reporting markets shall provide trade and supporting data reports to...

  17. 17 CFR 31.22 - Prohibited trading in leverage contracts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Prohibited trading in leverage contracts. 31.22 Section 31.22 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION LEVERAGE TRANSACTIONS § 31.22 Prohibited trading in leverage contracts. No futures commission merchant or...

  18. 17 CFR 5.18 - Trading and operational standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Trading and operational standards. 5.18 Section 5.18 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.18 Trading and operational standards. (a) For purposes of this...

  19. 17 CFR 5.17 - Authorization to trade.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Authorization to trade. 5.17 Section 5.17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.17 Authorization to trade. No retail foreign exchange dealer, futures commission...

  20. 17 CFR 166.2 - Authorization to trade.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Authorization to trade. 166.2 Section 166.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION CUSTOMER PROTECTION RULES § 166.2 Authorization to trade. No futures commission merchant, introducing broker or any of their...

  1. 17 CFR 31.22 - Prohibited trading in leverage contracts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Prohibited trading in leverage contracts. 31.22 Section 31.22 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION LEVERAGE TRANSACTIONS § 31.22 Prohibited trading in leverage contracts. No futures commission merchant or...

  2. 17 CFR 38.255 - Risk controls for trading.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Risk controls for trading. 38.255 Section 38.255 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DESIGNATED CONTRACT MARKETS Prevention of Market Disruption § 38.255 Risk controls for trading. The designated...

  3. 17 CFR 31.22 - Prohibited trading in leverage contracts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Prohibited trading in leverage contracts. 31.22 Section 31.22 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION LEVERAGE TRANSACTIONS § 31.22 Prohibited trading in leverage contracts. No futures commission merchant or...

  4. 17 CFR 38.255 - Risk controls for trading.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Risk controls for trading. 38.255 Section 38.255 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DESIGNATED CONTRACT MARKETS Prevention of Market Disruption § 38.255 Risk controls for trading. The designated...

  5. 17 CFR 15.04 - Reportable trading volume level.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Reportable trading volume level. 15.04 Section 15.04 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REPORTS-GENERAL PROVISIONS § 15.04 Reportable trading volume level. The volume quantity for the purpose of...

  6. 17 CFR 31.22 - Prohibited trading in leverage contracts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Prohibited trading in leverage contracts. 31.22 Section 31.22 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION LEVERAGE TRANSACTIONS § 31.22 Prohibited trading in leverage contracts. No futures commission merchant or...

  7. 76 FR 81916 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of Intent To Renew Collection, Regulations...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-29

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of Intent To... Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) is announcing... Clearing & Risk, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, 1155 21st Street NW., Washington, DC 20581. FOR...

  8. 17 CFR 31.22 - Prohibited trading in leverage contracts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Prohibited trading in leverage contracts. 31.22 Section 31.22 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION LEVERAGE TRANSACTIONS § 31.22 Prohibited trading in leverage contracts. No futures commission merchant or...

  9. 78 FR 50040 - Technology Advisory Committee

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-16

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Technology Advisory Committee AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice of Meeting of Technology Advisory Committee. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) announces that on September 12, 2013, the CFTC's Technology Advisory...

  10. 17 CFR 166.2 - Authorization to trade.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Authorization to trade. 166.2 Section 166.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION CUSTOMER PROTECTION RULES § 166.2 Authorization to trade. No futures commission merchant, retail foreign exchange dealer, introducing broker or any of their...

  11. 17 CFR 41.23 - Listing of security futures products for trading.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... security futures products for trading, a designated contract market or registered derivatives transaction... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Listing of security futures products for trading. 41.23 Section 41.23 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING...

  12. 17 CFR 40.2 - Listing products for trading by certification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Listing products for trading by certification. 40.2 Section 40.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION PROVISIONS COMMON TO REGISTERED ENTITIES § 40.2 Listing products for trading by certification. (a...

  13. 17 CFR 40.2 - Listing products for trading by certification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Listing products for trading by certification. 40.2 Section 40.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION PROVISIONS COMMON TO REGISTERED ENTITIES § 40.2 Listing products for trading by certification. (a...

  14. 17 CFR 40.2 - Listing products for trading by certification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Listing products for trading by certification. 40.2 Section 40.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION PROVISIONS COMMON TO REGISTERED ENTITIES § 40.2 Listing products for trading by certification. (a...

  15. 17 CFR 33.10 - Fraud in connection with commodity option transactions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Fraud in connection with commodity option transactions. 33.10 Section 33.10 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.10 Fraud in...

  16. Optimizing Land and Water Use at the Local Level to Enhance Global Food Security through Virtual Resources Trade in the World

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cai, X.; Zhang, X.; Zhu, T.

    2014-12-01

    Global food security is constrained by local and regional land and water availability, as well as other agricultural input limitations and inappropriate national and global regulations. In a theoretical context, this study assumes that optimal water and land uses in local food production to maximize food security and social welfare at the global level can be driven by global trade. It follows the context of "virtual resources trade", i.e., utilizing international trade of agricultural commodities to reduce dependency on local resources, and achieves land and water savings in the world. An optimization model based on the partial equilibrium of agriculture is developed for the analysis, including local commodity production and land and water resources constraints, demand by country, and global food market. Through the model, the marginal values (MVs) of social welfare for water and land at the level of so-called food production units (i.e., sub-basins with similar agricultural production conditions) are derived and mapped in the world. In this personation, we will introduce the model structure, explain the meaning of MVs at the local level and their distribution around the world, and discuss the policy implications for global communities to enhance global food security. In particular, we will examine the economic values of water and land under different world targets of food security (e.g., number of malnourished population or children in a future year). In addition, we will also discuss the opportunities on data to improve such global modeling exercises.

  17. 78 FR 16663 - Agency Information Collection Activities Under OMB Review

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-18

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Agency Information Collection Activities Under OMB Review AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: In compliance with the Paperwork...: Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC''), Attention: Gary J. Martinaitis, Division of Market...

  18. 17 CFR 75.6 - Other permitted proprietary trading activities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... trading activities. 75.6 Section 75.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION (CONTINUED) PROPRIETARY TRADING AND CERTAIN INTERESTS IN AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH COVERED FUNDS Proprietary Trading § 75.6 Other permitted proprietary trading activities. (a) Permitted trading in domestic...

  19. 17 CFR 3.13 - Registration of agricultural trade option merchants and their associated persons.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Registration of agricultural trade option merchants and their associated persons. 3.13 Section 3.13 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGISTRATION Registration § 3.13 Registration of agricultural trade option merchants and their associated...

  20. 17 CFR 37.400 - Core Principle 4-Monitoring of trading and trade processing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... trading and trade processing. 37.400 Section 37.400 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP EXECUTION FACILITIES Monitoring of Trading and Trade Processing § 37.400 Core Principle 4—Monitoring of trading and trade processing. The swap execution facility shall: (a) Establish and...

  1. International trade standards for commodities and products derived from animals: the need for a system that integrates food safety and animal disease risk management.

    PubMed

    Thomson, G R; Penrith, M-L; Atkinson, M W; Thalwitzer, S; Mancuso, A; Atkinson, S J; Osofsky, S A

    2013-12-01

    A case is made for greater emphasis to be placed on value chain management as an alternative to geographically based disease risk mitigation for trade in commodities and products derived from animals. The geographic approach is dependent upon achievement of freedom in countries or zones from infectious agents that cause so-called transboundary animal diseases, while value chain-based risk management depends upon mitigation of animal disease hazards potentially associated with specific commodities or products irrespective of the locality of production. This commodity-specific approach is founded on the same principles upon which international food safety standards are based, viz. hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP). Broader acceptance of a value chain approach enables animal disease risk management to be combined with food safety management by the integration of commodity-based trade and HACCP methodologies and thereby facilitates 'farm to fork' quality assurance. The latter is increasingly recognized as indispensable to food safety assurance and is therefore a pre-condition to safe trade. The biological principles upon which HACCP and commodity-based trade are based are essentially identical, potentially simplifying sanitary control in contrast to current separate international sanitary standards for food safety and animal disease risks that are difficult to reconcile. A value chain approach would not only enable more effective integration of food safety and animal disease risk management of foodstuffs derived from animals but would also ameliorate adverse environmental and associated socio-economic consequences of current sanitary standards based on the geographic distribution of animal infections. This is especially the case where vast veterinary cordon fencing systems are relied upon to separate livestock and wildlife as is the case in much of southern Africa. A value chain approach would thus be particularly beneficial to under-developed regions of the world such as southern Africa specifically and sub-Saharan Africa more generally where it would reduce incompatibility between attempts to expand and commercialize livestock production and the need to conserve the subcontinent's unparalleled wildlife and wilderness resources. © 2013 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

  2. 17 CFR 37.3 - Requirements for underlying commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 5a(b)(3) of the Act, may trade any contract of sale of a commodity for future delivery (or option on... that are a security futures product, and the registered derivatives transaction execution facility is a... commodities. 37.3 Section 37.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION...

  3. 77 FR 66819 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of Intent To Extend Collection 3038-0098...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-07

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of Intent To Extend Collection 3038-0098: Exemptive Order Regarding Compliance With Certain Swap Regulations AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission...

  4. 77 FR 77038 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of Intent to Renew Collection, Futures Volume...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-31

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of Intent to Renew Collection, Futures Volume, Open Interest, Price, Deliveries and Exchange of Futures for Physicals AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading...

  5. 76 FR 36525 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of Intent To Renew Collection, Exemptions From...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-22

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of Intent To Renew Collection, Exemptions From Speculative Limits AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) is announcing an opportunity for...

  6. 76 FR 65999 - Effective Date for Swap Regulation

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-25

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Chapter 1 Effective Date for Swap Regulation AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice of proposed amendment. SUMMARY: On July 14, 2011, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC'' or the ``Commission'') issued a final order (``July 14 Order...

  7. 17 CFR 162.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... control with a covered affiliate. (b) Clear and conspicuous. The term “clear and conspicuous” means... exchange dealer, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap..., commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap participant or swap...

  8. 17 CFR 162.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... corporate control with a covered affiliate. (b) Clear and conspicuous. The term “clear and conspicuous... exchange dealer, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap..., commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap participant or swap...

  9. 17 CFR 162.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... control with a covered affiliate. (b) Clear and conspicuous. The term “clear and conspicuous” means... exchange dealer, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap..., commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap participant or swap...

  10. North America Today: A Reproducible Atlas. 1995 Revised Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    1995

    This book contains illustrative maps, tables and graphs depicting North America's: size; population; resources; commodities; trade; languages; religions; cities; environment; food and agriculture; schooling; jobs; energy; industry, demographic statistics; women; aspects of government; and territorial disputes. Sections of the book include: (1)…

  11. 76 FR 60810 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of Intent To Renew Collection, Copies of Crop...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-30

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of Intent To Renew Collection, Copies of Crop and Market Information Reports AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) is announcing an...

  12. 76 FR 44464 - Process for Review of Swaps for Mandatory Clearing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-26

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Parts 39 and 140 RIN 3038-AD00 Process for Review of Swaps for Mandatory Clearing AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Commission or CFTC) is adopting regulations to implement...

  13. 78 FR 20898 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Notice of Intent to Renew Collection: Market Surveys

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-08

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Agency Information Collection Activities; Notice of Intent to Renew Collection: Market Surveys AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) is announcing an opportunity for public comment on the...

  14. 17 CFR 75.7 - Limitations on permitted proprietary trading activities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... proprietary trading activities. 75.7 Section 75.7 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION (CONTINUED) PROPRIETARY TRADING AND CERTAIN INTERESTS IN AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH COVERED FUNDS Proprietary Trading § 75.7 Limitations on permitted proprietary trading activities. (a) No transaction, class...

  15. 17 CFR 32.13 - Exemption from prohibition of commodity option transactions for trade options on certain...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Exemption from prohibition of... Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION... are met at the time of the solicitation or acceptance: (1) That person is registered with the...

  16. 17 CFR 36.1 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Scope. 36.1 Section 36.1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION EXEMPT MARKETS § 36.1 Scope. The provisions of this part apply to any board of trade or electronic trading facility eligible for exemption...

  17. 17 CFR 36.2 - Exempt boards of trade.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... Section 36.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION EXEMPT MARKETS § 36.2... supply that is sufficiently large, and a cash market sufficiently liquid, to render any contract traded... market. (2) The commodities that meet the criteria of paragraph (a)(1) of this section are: (i) The...

  18. 17 CFR 36.2 - Exempt boards of trade.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... Section 36.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION EXEMPT MARKETS § 36.2... supply that is sufficiently large, and a cash market sufficiently liquid, to render any contract traded... market. (2) The commodities that meet the criteria of paragraph (a)(1) of this section are: (i) The...

  19. 17 CFR 4.14 - Exemption from registration as a commodity trading advisor.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... of exemption from commodity trading advisor registration with the National Futures Association... its principal office and place of business outside of the United States, its territories or...; a commodity trading advisor that has its principal office and place of business in the United States...

  20. 17 CFR 4.14 - Exemption from registration as a commodity trading advisor.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... of exemption from commodity trading advisor registration with the National Futures Association... its principal office and place of business outside of the United States, its territories or...; a commodity trading advisor that has its principal office and place of business in the United States...

  1. 78 FR 20848 - Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants; Clerical or Ministerial Employees

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-08

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 23 RIN 3038-AE00 Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants; Clerical or Ministerial Employees AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Commission or CFTC) is proposing to amend its...

  2. 78 FR 64173 - Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants; Clerical or Ministerial Employees

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-28

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 23 RIN 3038-AE00 Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants; Clerical or Ministerial Employees AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission is adopting an amendment to its regulations to...

  3. Virtual water trade of agri-food products: Evidence from italian-chinese relations.

    PubMed

    Lamastra, Lucrezia; Miglietta, Pier Paolo; Toma, Pierluigi; De Leo, Federica; Massari, Stefania

    2017-12-01

    At global scale, the majority of world water withdrawal is for the agricultural sector, with differences among countries depending on the relevance of agri-food sector in the economy. Virtual water and water footprint could be useful to express the impact on the water resources of each production process and good with the objective to lead to a sustainable use of water at a global level. International trade could be connected to the virtual water flows, in fact through commodities importation, water poor countries can save their own water resources. The present paper focuses on the bilateral virtual water flows connected to the top ten agri-food products traded between Italy and China. Comparing the virtual water flow related to the top 10 agri-food products, the virtual water flow from Italy to China is bigger than the water flow in the opposite direction. Moreover, the composition of virtual water flows is different; Italy imports significant amounts of grey water from China, depending on the different environmental strategies adopted by the two selected countries. This difference could be also related to the fact that traded commodities are very different; the 91% of virtual water imported by Italy is connected to crops products, while the 95% of virtual water imported by China is related to the animal products. Considering national water saving and global water saving, appears that Italy imports virtual water from China while China exerts pressure on its water resources to supply the exports to Italy. This result at global scale implies a global water loss of 129.29millionm3 because, in general, the agri-food products are traded from the area with lower water productivity to the area with the higher water productivity. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  4. 17 CFR 41.23 - Listing of security futures products for trading.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... products for trading. 41.23 Section 41.23 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING... Listing of security futures products for trading. (a) Initial listing of products for trading. To list new security futures products for trading, a designated contract market or registered derivatives transaction...

  5. 17 CFR 41.23 - Listing of security futures products for trading.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... products for trading. 41.23 Section 41.23 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING... Listing of security futures products for trading. (a) Initial listing of products for trading. To list new security futures products for trading, a designated contract market shall submit to the Commission at its...

  6. 17 CFR 41.23 - Listing of security futures products for trading.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... products for trading. 41.23 Section 41.23 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING... Listing of security futures products for trading. (a) Initial listing of products for trading. To list new security futures products for trading, a designated contract market or registered derivatives transaction...

  7. 17 CFR 41.23 - Listing of security futures products for trading.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... products for trading. 41.23 Section 41.23 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING... Products § 41.23 Listing of security futures products for trading. (a) Initial listing of products for trading. To list new security futures products for trading, a designated contract market shall submit to...

  8. 17 CFR 41.12 - Indexes underlying futures contracts trading for fewer than 30 days.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Indexes underlying futures contracts trading for fewer than 30 days. 41.12 Section 41.12 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY... reported transactions used in calculating dollar value of trading volume is reported in a currency other...

  9. 78 FR 22418 - Reassignment of Commission Staff Responsibilities and Delegations of Authority

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-16

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Parts 1, 3, 5, 9, 11, 31, 40, 41, 140, 145, 170, 171... AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Commission is amending its... , Division of Clearing and Risk, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Three Lafayette Centre, 1155 21st...

  10. 17 CFR 41.13 - Futures contracts on security indexes trading on or subject to the rules of a foreign board of...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Futures contracts on security indexes trading on or subject to the rules of a foreign board of trade. 41.13 Section 41.13 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SECURITY FUTURES PRODUCTS Narrow-Based Security Indexes § 41.13 Futures contracts on...

  11. Multinetwork of international trade: A commodity-specific analysis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Barigozzi, Matteo; Fagiolo, Giorgio; Garlaschelli, Diego

    2010-04-01

    We study the topological properties of the multinetwork of commodity-specific trade relations among world countries over the 1992-2003 period, comparing them with those of the aggregate-trade network, known in the literature as the international-trade network (ITN). We show that link-weight distributions of commodity-specific networks are extremely heterogeneous and (quasi) log normality of aggregate link-weight distribution is generated as a sheer outcome of aggregation. Commodity-specific networks also display average connectivity, clustering, and centrality levels very different from their aggregate counterpart. We also find that ITN complete connectivity is mainly achieved through the presence of many weak links that keep commodity-specific networks together and that the correlation structure existing between topological statistics within each single network is fairly robust and mimics that of the aggregate network. Finally, we employ cross-commodity correlations between link weights to build hierarchies of commodities. Our results suggest that on the top of a relatively time-invariant “intrinsic” taxonomy (based on inherent between-commodity similarities), the roles played by different commodities in the ITN have become more and more dissimilar, possibly as the result of an increased trade specialization. Our approach is general and can be used to characterize any multinetwork emerging as a nontrivial aggregation of several interdependent layers.

  12. The Middle East Today: An Atlas of Reproducible Pages. Revised Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    World Eagle, Inc., Wellesley, MA.

    This book contains blank outline maps of the continent/region, tables and graphics depicting the size, population, resources and water, commodities , trade, cities, languages, religions, industry, energy, food and agriculture, demographic statistics, aspects of the national economies, and aspects of the national governments of the Middle East.…

  13. Prevention

    Treesearch

    Barbara Illman; Gary Man

    2010-01-01

    Prevention is considered the most cost-effective element of the Forest Service Invasive Species Strategy (USDA Forest Service 2004). What makes prevention difficult is the desire to maximize free trade and the resulting benefits to society while, at the same time, protecting natural resources. The role of science is to first identify which commodities pose an...

  14. A Study on Market Efficiency of Selected Commodity Derivatives Traded on NCDEX During 2011

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sajipriya, N.

    2012-10-01

    The study aims at testing the weak form of Efficient Market Hypothesis in the context of an emerging commodity market - National Commodity Derivatives Exchange (NCDEX), which is considered as the prime commodity derivatives market in India. The study considered daily spot and futures prices of five selected commodities traded on NCDEX over 12 month period (the futures contracts originating and expiring during the period January 2011 to December 2011) The five commodities chosen are Pepper, Crude palm Oil, steel silver and Chana as they account for almost two-thirds of the value of agricultural commodity derivatives traded on NCDEX. The results of Run test indicate that both spot and futures prices are weak form efficient

  15. 17 CFR 2.2 - Authority to affix seal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Authority to affix seal. 2.2 Section 2.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFFICIAL SEAL § 2.2 Authority to affix seal. (a) The following officials of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission are...

  16. 17 CFR 2.2 - Authority to affix seal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Authority to affix seal. 2.2 Section 2.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFFICIAL SEAL § 2.2 Authority to affix seal. (a) The following officials of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission are...

  17. 78 FR 72393 - Net Investment Income Tax

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-02

    ...) a trade or business of trading in financial instruments or commodities (as defined in section 475(e... trading in financial instruments or commodities. Multiple commentators suggested that the final...

  18. 17 CFR Appendix C to Part 4 - Form CTA-PR

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Form CTA-PR C Appendix C to Part 4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMODITY POOL OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Pt. 4, App. C Appendix C to Part 4—Form CTA-PR ER24FE12.052 ER24FE12...

  19. United States trade in forest products, 1978 To 1987.

    Treesearch

    John T. Chmelik; David J. Brooks; Richard W. Haynes

    1989-01-01

    Tables summarize volume and unit value of United States trade in forest products. Import and export data are shown for 18 groups of commodities aggregated from 800 individual commodity items; original data were collected and reported by the U.S. Department of Commerce. Data given for each commodity group include detail on trading partners and information on shipments...

  20. 17 CFR 37.900 - Core Principle 9-Timely publication of trading information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... publication of trading information. 37.900 Section 37.900 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP EXECUTION FACILITIES Timely Publication of Trading Information § 37.900 Core Principle 9—Timely publication of trading information. (a) In general. The swap execution facility shall...

  1. 17 CFR Appendix B to Part 43 - Enumerated Physical Commodity Contracts and Other Contracts

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... Physical Commodity Contracts and Other Contracts Enumerated Physical Commodity Contracts Agriculture ICE Futures U.S. Cocoa ICE Futures U.S. Coffee C Chicago Board of Trade Corn ICE Futures U.S. Cotton No. 2 ICE... Trade Soybean Oil ICE Futures U.S. Sugar No. 11 ICE Futures U.S. Sugar No. 16 Chicago Board of Trade...

  2. Trade in water and commodities as adaptations to global change

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lammers, R. B.; Hertel, T. W.; Prousevitch, A.; Baldos, U. L. C.; Frolking, S. E.; Liu, J.; Grogan, D. S.

    2015-12-01

    The human capacity for altering the water cycle has been well documented and given the expected change due to population, income growth, biofuels, climate, and associated land use change, there remains great uncertainty in both the degree of increased pressure on land and water resources and in our ability to adapt to these changes. Alleviating regional shortages in water supply can be carried out in a spatial hierarchy through i) direct trade of water between all regions, ii) development of infrastructure to improve water availability within regions (e.g. impounding rivers), iii) via inter-basin hydrological transfer between neighboring regions and, iv) via virtual water trade. These adaptation strategies can be managed via market trade in water and commodities to identify those strategies most likely to be adopted. This work combines the physically-based University of New Hampshire Water Balance Model (WBM) with the macro-scale Purdue University Simplified International Model of agricultural Prices Land use and the Environment (SIMPLE) to explore the interaction of supply and demand for fresh water globally. In this work we use a newly developed grid cell-based version of SIMPLE to achieve a more direct connection between the two modeling paradigms of physically-based models with optimization-driven approaches characteristic of economic models. We explore questions related to the global and regional impact of water scarcity and water surplus on the ability of regions to adapt to future change. Allowing for a variety of adaptation strategies such as direct trade of water and expanding the built water infrastructure, as well as indirect trade in commodities, will reduce overall global water stress and, in some regions, significantly reduce their vulnerability to these future changes.

  3. 17 CFR 41.25 - Additional conditions for trading for security futures products.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... trading for security futures products. 41.25 Section 41.25 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SECURITY FUTURES PRODUCTS Requirements and Standards for Listing Security Futures Products § 41.25 Additional conditions for trading for security futures products. (a) Common...

  4. 17 CFR 41.25 - Additional conditions for trading for security futures products.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... trading for security futures products. 41.25 Section 41.25 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SECURITY FUTURES PRODUCTS Requirements and Standards for Listing Security Futures Products § 41.25 Additional conditions for trading for security futures products. (a) Common...

  5. 17 CFR 41.25 - Additional conditions for trading for security futures products.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... trading for security futures products. 41.25 Section 41.25 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SECURITY FUTURES PRODUCTS Requirements and Standards for Listing Security Futures Products § 41.25 Additional conditions for trading for security futures products. (a) Common...

  6. 17 CFR 41.25 - Additional conditions for trading for security futures products.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... trading for security futures products. 41.25 Section 41.25 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SECURITY FUTURES PRODUCTS Requirements and Standards for Listing Security Futures Products § 41.25 Additional conditions for trading for security futures products. (a...

  7. 17 CFR 37.2 - Exemption.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exemption. 37.2 Section 37.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES TRANSACTION EXECUTION FACILITIES § 37.2 Exemption. Contracts, agreements or transactions traded on a derivatives transaction...

  8. Tips for Organizing an Educational Agricultural Commodity Trading Club

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Yost, John

    2011-01-01

    Educational commodity marketing clubs have been an effective tool for producers to develop their grain and livestock marketing skills. These groups are further enhanced when the participants engage in "actual trading" versus "paper trading" techniques. When a club chooses to try actual trading, it becomes more complicated than pooling monies…

  9. 17 CFR 4.35 - Performance disclosures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Performance disclosures. 4.35... OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Commodity Trading Advisors § 4.35 Performance disclosures. (a) General principles—(1) Capsule performance information. Unless otherwise specified, disclosure of the past...

  10. 17 CFR 4.35 - Performance disclosures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Performance disclosures. 4.35... OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Commodity Trading Advisors § 4.35 Performance disclosures. (a) General principles—(1) Capsule performance information. Unless otherwise specified, disclosure of the past...

  11. 17 CFR 4.35 - Performance disclosures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Performance disclosures. 4.35... OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Commodity Trading Advisors § 4.35 Performance disclosures. (a) General principles—(1) Capsule performance information. Unless otherwise specified, disclosure of the past...

  12. 17 CFR 4.35 - Performance disclosures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Performance disclosures. 4.35... OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Commodity Trading Advisors § 4.35 Performance disclosures. (a) General principles—(1) Capsule performance information. Unless otherwise specified, disclosure of the past...

  13. 17 CFR 4.35 - Performance disclosures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Performance disclosures. 4.35... OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Commodity Trading Advisors § 4.35 Performance disclosures. (a) General principles—(1) Capsule performance information. Unless otherwise specified, disclosure of the past...

  14. 17 CFR 37.1 - Scope and definition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Scope and definition. 37.1 Section 37.1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES... any board of trade operating as or applying to become registered as a derivatives transaction...

  15. 75 FR 27028 - Joint CFTC-SEC Advisory Committee on Emerging Regulatory Issues

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-13

    ... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 33-9123; File No. 265-26] COMMODITY FUTURES... Exchange Commission (``SEC'') and Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC'') (each, an ``Agency,'' and... submit only information that you wish to make available publicly. Commodity Futures Trading Commission...

  16. 17 CFR 37.1 - Scope and definition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Scope and definition. 37.1 Section 37.1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES... any board of trade operating as or applying to become registered as a derivatives transaction...

  17. 17 CFR 40.2 - Listing and accepting products for trading or clearing by certification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... for trading or clearing by certification. 40.2 Section 40.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION PROVISIONS COMMON TO REGISTERED ENTITIES § 40.2 Listing and accepting products for trading or clearing by certification. (a) Unless permitted otherwise by § 37.7 of this chapter...

  18. 15 CFR 30.38 - Exemption from the requirements for reporting complete commodity information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Exemption from the requirements for reporting complete commodity information. 30.38 Section 30.38 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade BUREAU OF THE CENSUS, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE FOREIGN TRADE...

  19. 17 CFR 41.12 - Indexes underlying futures contracts trading for fewer than 30 days.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... contracts trading for fewer than 30 days. 41.12 Section 41.12 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SECURITY FUTURES PRODUCTS Narrow-Based Security Indexes § 41.12 Indexes underlying futures contracts trading for fewer than 30 days. (a) An index on which a contract of...

  20. 17 CFR 1.20 - Customer funds to be segregated and separately accounted for.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Customers' Money... contract market, a futures commission merchant, or any depository except to purchase, margin, guarantee... money accruing to such commodity or option customers as the result of trades, contracts or commodity...

  1. Dynamics of a durable commodity market involving trade at disequilibrium

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Panchuk, A.; Puu, T.

    2018-05-01

    The present work considers a simple model of a durable commodity market involving two agents who trade stocks of two different types. Stock commodities, in contrast to flow commodities, remain on the market from period to period and, consequently, there is neither unique demand function nor unique supply function exists. We also set up exact conditions for trade at disequilibrium, the issue being usually neglected, though a fact of reality. The induced iterative system has infinite number of fixed points and path dependent dynamics. We show that a typical orbit is either attracted to one of the fixed points or eventually sticks at a no-trade point. For the latter the stock distribution always remains the same while the price displays periodic or chaotic oscillations.

  2. 17 CFR 38.651 - Protection of markets and market participants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... and the structure of the market to detect trade practice and market abuses and to discipline such... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Protection of markets and market participants. 38.651 Section 38.651 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING...

  3. 17 CFR 38.651 - Protection of markets and market participants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... and the structure of the market to detect trade practice and market abuses and to discipline such... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Protection of markets and market participants. 38.651 Section 38.651 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING...

  4. 17 CFR 36.2 - Exempt boards of trade.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Section 36.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION EXEMPT MARKETS § 36.2... deliverable supply; (ii) A deliverable supply that is sufficiently large, and a cash market sufficiently... manipulation; or (iii)No cash market. (2) The commodities that meet the criteria of paragraph (a)(1) of this...

  5. 17 CFR 36.2 - Exempt boards of trade.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Section 36.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION EXEMPT MARKETS § 36.2... deliverable supply; (ii) A deliverable supply that is sufficiently large, and a cash market sufficiently... manipulation; or (iii)No cash market. (2) The commodities that meet the criteria of paragraph (a)(1) of this...

  6. 17 CFR 36.2 - Exempt boards of trade.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... Section 36.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION EXEMPT MARKETS § 36.2... deliverable supply; (ii) A deliverable supply that is sufficiently large, and a cash market sufficiently... manipulation; or (iii)No cash market. (2) The commodities that meet the criteria of paragraph (a)(1) of this...

  7. What commodities and countries impact inequality in the global food system?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Carr, Joel A.; D'Odorico, Paolo; Suweis, Samir; Seekell, David A.

    2016-09-01

    The global distribution of food production is unequal relative to the distribution of human populations. International trade can increase or decrease inequality in food availability, but little is known about how specific countries and commodities contribute to this redistribution. We present a method based on the Gini coefficient for evaluating the contributions of country and commodity specific trade to inequality in the global food system. We applied the method to global food production and trade data for the years 1986-2011 to identify the specific countries and commodities that contribute to increasing and decreasing inequality in global food availability relative to food production. Overall, international trade reduced inequality in food availability by 25%-33% relative to the distribution of food production, depending on the year. Across all years, about 58% of the total trade links acted to reduce inequality with ˜4% of the links providing 95% of the reduction in inequality. Exports from United States of America, Malaysia, Argentina, and Canada are particularly important in decreasing inequality. Specific commodities that reduce inequality when traded include cereals and vegetables. Some trade connections contribute to increasing inequality, but this effect is mostly concentrated within a small number of commodities including fruits, stimulants, and nuts. In terms of specific countries, exports from Slovenia, Oman, Singapore, and Germany act to increase overall inequality. Collectively, our analysis and results represent an opportunity for building an enhanced understanding of global-scale patterns in food availability.

  8. 17 CFR 140.91 - Delegation of authority to the Director of the Division of Trading and Markets.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Director of the Division of Trading and Markets. 140.91 Section 140.91 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION ORGANIZATION, FUNCTIONS, AND PROCEDURES OF THE COMMISSION Functions § 140.91 Delegation of authority to the Director of the Division of Trading and Markets. (a) The...

  9. 17 CFR 41.12 - Indexes underlying futures contracts trading for fewer than 30 days.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... contracts trading for fewer than 30 days. 41.12 Section 41.12 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SECURITY FUTURES PRODUCTS Narrow-Based Security Indexes § 41.12 Indexes underlying futures contracts trading for fewer than 30 days. (a) An index on which a contract of sale for...

  10. 17 CFR 41.12 - Indexes underlying futures contracts trading for fewer than 30 days.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... contracts trading for fewer than 30 days. 41.12 Section 41.12 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SECURITY FUTURES PRODUCTS Narrow-Based Security Indexes § 41.12 Indexes underlying futures contracts trading for fewer than 30 days. (a) An index on which a contract of sale for...

  11. 17 CFR 140.91 - Delegation of authority to the Director of the Division of Trading and Markets.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... Director of the Division of Trading and Markets. 140.91 Section 140.91 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION ORGANIZATION, FUNCTIONS, AND PROCEDURES OF THE COMMISSION Functions § 140.91 Delegation of authority to the Director of the Division of Trading and Markets. (a) The...

  12. 17 CFR 41.12 - Indexes underlying futures contracts trading for fewer than 30 days.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... contracts trading for fewer than 30 days. 41.12 Section 41.12 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SECURITY FUTURES PRODUCTS Narrow-Based Security Indexes § 41.12 Indexes underlying futures contracts trading for fewer than 30 days. (a) An index on which a contract of sale for...

  13. 17 CFR 140.91 - Delegation of authority to the Director of the Division of Trading and Markets.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Director of the Division of Trading and Markets. 140.91 Section 140.91 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION ORGANIZATION, FUNCTIONS, AND PROCEDURES OF THE COMMISSION Functions § 140.91 Delegation of authority to the Director of the Division of Trading and Markets. (a) The...

  14. 75 FR 20824 - Sunshine Act Meeting Notice

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-21

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meeting Notice Agency Holding the Meeting: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. Date and Time: Tuesday, April 27, 2010 at 9:30 a.m. Place: Three.... Matters To Be Considered: Public meeting to consider whether the following contracts offered for trading...

  15. 17 CFR Appendix to Part 48 - Form FBOT

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGISTRATION OF FOREIGN BOARDS OF... BOARD OF TRADE APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION (IN ORDER TO PERMIT DIRECT ACCESS TO MEMBERS AND OTHER... foreign board of trade applying for registration pursuant to CEA section 4(b) and part 48 of the...

  16. 17 CFR Appendix to Part 48 - Form FBOT

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGISTRATION OF FOREIGN BOARDS OF... BOARD OF TRADE APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION (IN ORDER TO PERMIT DIRECT ACCESS TO MEMBERS AND OTHER... foreign board of trade applying for registration pursuant to CEA section 4(b) and part 48 of the...

  17. 77 FR 5778 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Rules Relating to Regulation of Domestic Exchange...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-06

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION [OMB Control Number 3038-0007] Agency Information Collection... Trading Commission. ACTION: Extension of an Existing Collection, correction. SUMMARY: This document... Ryne Miller, Division of Market Oversight, U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, 1155 21st Street...

  18. 17 CFR 4.14 - Exemption from registration as a commodity trading advisor.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... its principal office and place of business outside of the United States, its territories or...; a commodity trading advisor that has its principal office and place of business in the United States... include transactions involving contracts for the purchase or sale of a commodity for future delivery or...

  19. 17 CFR 7.200-7.201 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false [Reserved] 7.200-7.201 Section 7.200-7.201 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION CONTRACT MARKET RULES ALTERED OR SUPPLEMENTED BY THE COMMISSION Board of Trade of the City of Chicago Rules § 7.200-7...

  20. 17 CFR 7.200-7.201 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false [Reserved] 7.200-7.201 Section 7.200-7.201 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION CONTRACT MARKET RULES ALTERED OR SUPPLEMENTED BY THE COMMISSION Board of Trade of the City of Chicago Rules § 7.200-7...

  1. 75 FR 47652 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Order Granting Approval of a Proposed Rule Change...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-06

    ... Listing and Trading of WisdomTree Dreyfus Commodity Currency Fund under NYSE Arca Equities Rule 8.600... and trade the shares (``Shares'') of the WisdomTree Dreyfus Commodity Currency Fund (``Fund'') under... exchange traded fund. The Shares will [[Page 47653

  2. 76 FR 7975 - Commodity Pool Operators and Commodity Trading Advisors: Amendments to Compliance Obligations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-11

    ...The Commodity Futures Trading Commission is proposing to amend its existing regulations and proposing one new regulation regarding Commodity Pool Operators and Commodity Trading Advisors. The Commission is proposing a new data collection for CPOs and CTAs that is consistent with the data collection required under the Dodd-Frank Act. The proposed amendments would: Rescind the exemptions from registration provided in the Commission's regulations; rescind the relief from the certification requirement for annual reports provided to operators of certain pools only offered to qualified eligible persons (``QEPs''); modify the criteria for claiming relief under the Commission's regulations; and require the annual filing of notices claiming exemptive relief. Finally, the proposal includes new risk disclosure requirements for CPOs and CTAs regarding swap transactions.

  3. 17 CFR 240.10b5-1 - Trading “on the basis of” material nonpublic information in insider trading cases.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Trading âon the basis ofâ material nonpublic information in insider trading cases. 240.10b5-1 Section 240.10b5-1 Commodity and... Deceptive Devices and Contrivances § 240.10b5-1 Trading “on the basis of” material nonpublic information in...

  4. 17 CFR 240.10b5-1 - Trading “on the basis of” material nonpublic information in insider trading cases.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 4 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Trading âon the basis ofâ material nonpublic information in insider trading cases. 240.10b5-1 Section 240.10b5-1 Commodity and... Deceptive Devices and Contrivances § 240.10b5-1 Trading “on the basis of” material nonpublic information in...

  5. 17 CFR 240.10b5-1 - Trading “on the basis of” material nonpublic information in insider trading cases.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Trading âon the basis ofâ material nonpublic information in insider trading cases. 240.10b5-1 Section 240.10b5-1 Commodity and... Deceptive Devices and Contrivances § 240.10b5-1 Trading “on the basis of” material nonpublic information in...

  6. 17 CFR 240.10b5-1 - Trading “on the basis of” material nonpublic information in insider trading cases.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Trading âon the basis ofâ material nonpublic information in insider trading cases. 240.10b5-1 Section 240.10b5-1 Commodity and... Deceptive Devices and Contrivances § 240.10b5-1 Trading “on the basis of” material nonpublic information in...

  7. Inequality or injustice in water use for food?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Carr, J. A.; Seekell, D. A.; D'Odorico, P.

    2015-02-01

    The global distributions of water availability and population density are uneven and therefore inequality exists in human access to freshwater resources. Is this inequality unjust or only regrettable? To examine this question we formulated and evaluated elementary principles of water ethics relative to human rights for water, and the need for global trade to improve societal access to water by transferring ‘virtual water’ embedded in plant and animal commodities. We defined human welfare benchmarks and evaluated patterns of water use with and without trade over a 25-year period to identify the influence of trade and inequality on equitability of water use. We found that trade improves mean water use and wellbeing, relative to human welfare benchmarks, suggesting that inequality is regrettable but not necessarily unjust. However, trade has not significantly contributed to redressing inequality. Hence, directed trade decisions can improve future conditions of water and food scarcity through reduced inequality.

  8. 31 CFR 560.526 - Commodities trading and related transactions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... with the United States person is a person in Iran or the Government of Iran, and (2) It was impossible... the Government of Iran. (b) Trading in commodities destined for Iran or the Government of Iran. With... by United States persons in commodities of U.S. or third-country origin destined for Iran or the...

  9. United States trade in wood products, 1978?2005.

    Treesearch

    Jean M. Daniels

    2008-01-01

    Tables summarize volume and values of United States trade in wood products from 1978 to 2005. Import and export data are shown for 21 commodities aggregated from over 1,700 wood products. Data were obtained from an earlier report by Chmelik and others and the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Trade in each commodity is delineated by trading partner and...

  10. 76 FR 12072 - Public Availability of Commodity Futures Trading Commission FY 2010 Service Contract Inventory

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-04

    ...-contract-inventories-guidance-11052010.pdf . Commodity Futures Trading Commission has posted its inventory.../groups/public/@aboutcftc/documents/file/cftcserviceinventory_2010.pdf . FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT...

  11. 17 CFR 37.2 - Exemption.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES TRANSACTION EXECUTION FACILITIES § 37.2 Exemption. Contracts, agreements or transactions traded on a derivatives transaction... derivatives transaction execution facilities. [71 FR 37822, July 3, 2006] ...

  12. Where Deforestation Leads to Urbanization: How Resource Extraction is Leading to Urban Growth in the Brazilian Amazon.

    PubMed

    Richards, Peter; VanWey, Leah

    2015-07-01

    Developing the Amazon into a major provider of internationally traded mineral and food commodities has dramatically transformed broad expanses of tropical forests to farm and pasturelands, and to mining sites. The environmental impacts of this transformation, as well as the drivers underlying the process, have already been well documented. In this article we turn our analytical lenses to another, less examined effect of Amazon land use and environmental change, namely the creation and development of new urban areas. Here we argue that urban growth in the Amazon is a direct residual of international interest in the production of traded commodities, and of the capacity of local urban residents to capture capital and value before it is extracted from the region. Specifically, we suggest that urban growth is occurring fastest where cities have access to both rural export commodities and export corridors. We also show correlations between urban growth and lower rural population density, and cities' capacities to draw migrants from beyond their immediate rural surroundings. More broadly, we argue that urbanization in the Amazon is better interpreted as a symptom rather than a driver of the region's land use and land cover change.

  13. Where Deforestation Leads to Urbanization: How Resource Extraction is Leading to Urban Growth in the Brazilian Amazon

    PubMed Central

    VanWey, Leah

    2015-01-01

    Developing the Amazon into a major provider of internationally traded mineral and food commodities has dramatically transformed broad expanses of tropical forests to farm and pasturelands, and to mining sites. The environmental impacts of this transformation, as well as the drivers underlying the process, have already been well documented. In this article we turn our analytical lenses to another, less examined effect of Amazon land use and environmental change, namely the creation and development of new urban areas. Here we argue that urban growth in the Amazon is a direct residual of international interest in the production of traded commodities, and of the capacity of local urban residents to capture capital and value before it is extracted from the region. Specifically, we suggest that urban growth is occurring fastest where cities have access to both rural export commodities and export corridors. We also show correlations between urban growth and lower rural population density, and cities’ capacities to draw migrants from beyond their immediate rural surroundings. More broadly, we argue that urbanization in the Amazon is better interpreted as a symptom rather than a driver of the region’s land use and land cover change. PMID:26985079

  14. Globalization of water and food through international trade: impacts on food security, resilience and justice

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    D'Odorico, P.; Carr, J. A.; Seekell, D. A.; Suweis, S. S.

    2015-12-01

    The global distribution of water resources in general depends on geographic conditions but can be (virtually) modified by humans through mechanisms of globalization, such as trade, that make food commodities available to populations living far from the production regions. While trade is expected to improve access to food and (virtual) water, its impact on the global food system and its vulnerability to shocks remains poorly understood. It is also unclear who benefits from trade and whether it contributes to inequality and justice in resource redistribution. We reconstruct the global patterns of food trade and show with a simple model how the ongoing intensification of imports and exports has eroded the resilience of the global food system. Drawing on human rights theory, we investigate the relationship between inequality and injustice in access to water and food. We assess the fulfillment of positive and negative water and food rights and evaluate the obligations arising from the need to ensure that these rights are met throughout the world. We find that trade enhances the vulnerability to shocks but overall increase the number of people whose water and food rights are met.

  15. 76 FR 32880 - Further Definition of “Swap,” “Security-Based Swap,” and “Security-Based Swap Agreement”; Mixed...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-07

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 1 RIN 3038-AD46 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE...-Based Swap Agreement Recordkeeping AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission; Securities and Exchange... Futures Trading Commission and the Securities and Exchange Commission published a document in the Federal...

  16. Water resources transfers through Chinese interprovincial and foreign food trade.

    PubMed

    Dalin, Carole; Hanasaki, Naota; Qiu, Huanguang; Mauzerall, Denise L; Rodriguez-Iturbe, Ignacio

    2014-07-08

    China's water resources are under increasing pressure from socioeconomic development, diet shifts, and climate change. Agriculture still concentrates most of the national water withdrawal. Moreover, a spatial mismatch in water and arable land availability--with abundant agricultural land and little water resources in the north--increases water scarcity and results in virtual water transfers from drier to wetter regions through agricultural trade. We use a general equilibrium welfare model and linear programming optimization to model interprovincial food trade in China. We combine these trade flows with province-level estimates of commodities' virtual water content to build China's domestic and foreign virtual water trade network. We observe large variations in agricultural water-use efficiency among provinces. In addition, some provinces particularly rely on irrigation vs. rainwater. We analyze the virtual water flow patterns and the corresponding water savings. We find that this interprovincial network is highly connected and the flow distribution is relatively homogeneous. A significant share of water flows is from international imports (20%), which are dominated by soy (93%). We find that China's domestic food trade is efficient in terms of rainwater but inefficient regarding irrigation, meaning that dry, irrigation-intensive provinces tend to export to wetter, less irrigation-intensive ones. Importantly, when incorporating foreign imports, China's soy trade switches from an inefficient system to a particularly efficient one for saving water resources (20 km(3)/y irrigation water savings, 41 km(3)/y total). Finally, we identify specific provinces (e.g., Inner Mongolia) and products (e.g., corn) that show high potential for irrigation productivity improvements.

  17. 75 FR 38086 - Technology Advisory Committee Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-01

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Technology Advisory Committee Meeting The Commodity Futures Trading Commission's (``Commission'') Technology Advisory Committee will conduct a meeting on Wednesday... Technology Advisory Committee, which will inform the Commission of technological issues and developments...

  18. A theoretical model of water and trade

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dang, Qian; Konar, Megan; Reimer, Jeffrey J.; Di Baldassarre, Giuliano; Lin, Xiaowen; Zeng, Ruijie

    2016-03-01

    Water is an essential input for agricultural production. Agriculture, in turn, is globalized through the trade of agricultural commodities. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model that emphasizes four tradeoffs involving water-use decision-making that are important yet not always considered in a consistent framework. One tradeoff focuses on competition for water among different economic sectors. A second tradeoff examines the possibility that certain types of agricultural investments can offset water use. A third tradeoff explores the possibility that the rest of the world can be a source of supply or demand for a country's water-using commodities. The fourth tradeoff concerns how variability in water supplies influences farmer decision-making. We show conditions under which trade liberalization affect water use. Two policy scenarios to reduce water use are evaluated. First, we derive a target tax that reduces water use without offsetting the gains from trade liberalization, although important tradeoffs exist between economic performance and resource use. Second, we show how subsidization of water-saving technologies can allow producers to use less water without reducing agricultural production, making such subsidization an indirect means of influencing water use decision-making. Finally, we outline conditions under which riskiness of water availability affects water use. These theoretical model results generate hypotheses that can be tested empirically in future work.

  19. 77 FR 11251 - Commodity Pool Operators and Commodity Trading Advisors: Compliance Obligations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-24

    ...The Commodity Futures Trading Commission is adopting amendments to its existing part 4 regulations and promulgating one new regulation regarding Commodity Pool Operators and Commodity Trading Advisors. The Commission is also adopting new data collections for CPOs and CTAs that are consistent with a data collection required under the Dodd-Frank Act for entities registered with both the Commission and the Securities and Exchange Commission. The adopted amendments rescind the exemption from registration; rescind relief from the certification requirement for annual reports provided to operators of certain pools offered only to qualified eligible persons (QEPs; modify the criteria for claiming relief); and require the annual filing of notices claiming exemptive relief under several sections of the Commission's regulations. Finally, the adopted amendments include new risk disclosure requirements for CPOs and CTAs regarding swap transactions.

  20. 76 FR 11701 - Amendments to Commodity Pool Operator and Commodity Trading Advisor Regulations Resulting From...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-03

    ... require CPOs and CTAs to make and keep certain books and records relating to commodity interest trading... existing Regulation 1.3(yy) along with reference to the term ``swap'' as defined in Section 1a(47) of the... make and keep certain books and records generated by the swap transactions in which they engage on...

  1. 17 CFR Appendix B to Part 43 - Enumerated Physical Commodity Contracts and Other Contracts

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... Commodity Contracts and Other Contracts Enumerated Physical Commodity Contracts Agriculture ICE Futures U.S. Cocoa ICE Futures U.S. Coffee C Chicago Board of Trade Corn ICE Futures U.S. Cotton No. 2 ICE Futures U... Soybean Oil ICE Futures U.S. Sugar No. 11 ICE Futures U.S. Sugar No. 16 Chicago Board of Trade Wheat...

  2. 17 CFR 32.9 - Fraud in connection with commodity option transactions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Fraud in connection with commodity option transactions. 32.9 Section 32.9 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 32.9 Fraud in connection with commodity...

  3. Network structure impacts global commodity trade growth and resilience.

    PubMed

    Kharrazi, Ali; Rovenskaya, Elena; Fath, Brian D

    2017-01-01

    Global commodity trade networks are critical to our collective sustainable development. Their increasing interconnectedness pose two practical questions: (i) Do the current network configurations support their further growth? (ii) How resilient are these networks to economic shocks? We analyze the data of global commodity trade flows from 1996 to 2012 to evaluate the relationship between structural properties of the global commodity trade networks and (a) their dynamic growth, as well as (b) the resilience of their growth with respect to the 2009 global economic shock. Specifically, we explore the role of network efficiency and redundancy using the information theory-based network flow analysis. We find that, while network efficiency is positively correlated with growth, highly efficient systems appear to be less resilient, losing more and gaining less growth following an economic shock. While all examined networks are rather redundant, we find that network redundancy does not hinder their growth. Moreover, systems exhibiting higher levels of redundancy lose less and gain more growth following an economic shock. We suggest that a strategy to support making global trade networks more efficient via, e.g., preferential trade agreements and higher specialization, can promote their further growth; while a strategy to increase the global trade networks' redundancy via e.g., more abundant free-trade agreements, can improve their resilience to global economic shocks.

  4. Network structure impacts global commodity trade growth and resilience

    PubMed Central

    Rovenskaya, Elena; Fath, Brian D.

    2017-01-01

    Global commodity trade networks are critical to our collective sustainable development. Their increasing interconnectedness pose two practical questions: (i) Do the current network configurations support their further growth? (ii) How resilient are these networks to economic shocks? We analyze the data of global commodity trade flows from 1996 to 2012 to evaluate the relationship between structural properties of the global commodity trade networks and (a) their dynamic growth, as well as (b) the resilience of their growth with respect to the 2009 global economic shock. Specifically, we explore the role of network efficiency and redundancy using the information theory-based network flow analysis. We find that, while network efficiency is positively correlated with growth, highly efficient systems appear to be less resilient, losing more and gaining less growth following an economic shock. While all examined networks are rather redundant, we find that network redundancy does not hinder their growth. Moreover, systems exhibiting higher levels of redundancy lose less and gain more growth following an economic shock. We suggest that a strategy to support making global trade networks more efficient via, e.g., preferential trade agreements and higher specialization, can promote their further growth; while a strategy to increase the global trade networks’ redundancy via e.g., more abundant free-trade agreements, can improve their resilience to global economic shocks. PMID:28207790

  5. Agriculture and Energy: Implications for Food Security, Water, and Land Use

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tokgoz, S.; Zhang, W.; Msangi, S.; Bhandary, P.

    2011-12-01

    Sustainable production of agricultural commodities and growth of international trade in these goods are challenged as never before by supply-side constraints (such as climate change, water and land scarcity, and environmental degradation) and by demand-side dynamics (volatility in food and energy markets, the strengthening food-energy linkage, population growth, and income growth). On the one hand, the rapidly expanding demand can potentially create new market opportunities for agriculture. On the other hand, there are many threats to a sufficient response by the supply side to meet this growing and changing demand. Agricultural production systems in many countries are neither resource-efficient, nor producing according to their full potential. The stock of natural resources such as land, water, nutrients, energy, and genetic diversity is shrinking relative to demand, and their use must become increasingly efficient in order to reduce environmental impacts and preserve the planet's productive capacity. World energy prices have increased rapidly in recent years. At the same time, agriculture has become more energy-intensive. Higher energy costs have pushed up the cost of producing, transporting and processing agricultural commodities, driving up commodity prices. Higher energy costs have also affected water use and availability through increased costs of water extraction, conveyance and desalinization, higher demand for hydroelectric power, and increased cost of subsidizing water services. In the meantime, the development of biofuels has diverted increasing amounts of agricultural land and water resources to the production of biomass-based renewable energy. This more "intensified" linkage between agriculture and energy comes at a time when there are other pressures on the world's limited resources. The related high food prices, especially those in the developing countries, have led to setbacks in the poverty alleviation effort among the global community with more population under hunger and poverty. In light of these threats and opportunities facing the global food system, the proposed study takes a long-term perspective and addresses the main medium and long- term drivers of agricultural markets using the International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade developed by the Environment and Production Technology Division of IFPRI to project future production, consumption, and trade of key agricultural commodities. The main objective of the study is to analyze the link between energy and agricultural markets, focusing on the "new" role of agriculture as a supplier of energy for transportation through biofuels, and the subsequent impact on land use and demand for water from the agricultural sector. In this context, this study incorporates various scenarios of future energy demand and energy price impacts on global agricultural markets (food prices and food security), water use implications (irrigation water consumption by agricultural sector), and land use implications (changes in national and global crop area). The scenarios are designed to understand the impact of energy prices on biofuel production, cost of production for agricultural crops, conversion of rainfed area to irrigated area, and necessary levels of crop productivity growth to counter these effects.

  6. 77 FR 43064 - Meeting; Technology Advisory Committee

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-23

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Meeting; Technology Advisory Committee AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). ACTION: Notice of emergency meeting of technology advisory committee. SUMMARY: The CFTC announces that on Thursday, July 26, 2012, the CFTC's Technology Advisory Committee...

  7. 77 FR 15737 - Technology Advisory Committee

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-16

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Technology Advisory Committee AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC''). ACTION: Notice of meeting of Technology Advisory Committee. SUMMARY: The CFTC announces that on March 29, 2012, the CFTC's Technology Advisory Committee (``TAC'') will hold a...

  8. 17 CFR 33.3 - Unlawful commodity option transactions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Unlawful commodity option... REGULATION OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-TRADED COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 33.3 Unlawful commodity option... of, or maintain a position in, any commodity option transaction subject to the provisions of this...

  9. Evolution of the global virtual water trade network.

    PubMed

    Dalin, Carole; Konar, Megan; Hanasaki, Naota; Rinaldo, Andrea; Rodriguez-Iturbe, Ignacio

    2012-04-17

    Global freshwater resources are under increasing pressure from economic development, population growth, and climate change. The international trade of water-intensive products (e.g., agricultural commodities) or virtual water trade has been suggested as a way to save water globally. We focus on the virtual water trade network associated with international food trade built with annual trade data and annual modeled virtual water content. The evolution of this network from 1986 to 2007 is analyzed and linked to trade policies, socioeconomic circumstances, and agricultural efficiency. We find that the number of trade connections and the volume of water associated with global food trade more than doubled in 22 years. Despite this growth, constant organizational features were observed in the network. However, both regional and national virtual water trade patterns significantly changed. Indeed, Asia increased its virtual water imports by more than 170%, switching from North America to South America as its main partner, whereas North America oriented to a growing intraregional trade. A dramatic rise in China's virtual water imports is associated with its increased soy imports after a domestic policy shift in 2000. Significantly, this shift has led the global soy market to save water on a global scale, but it also relies on expanding soy production in Brazil, which contributes to deforestation in the Amazon. We find that the international food trade has led to enhanced savings in global water resources over time, indicating its growing efficiency in terms of global water use.

  10. 17 CFR 240.15c3-1b - Adjustments to net worth and aggregate indebtedness for certain commodities transactions...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... contracts; and (B) The value attributed to any commodity option which is not traded on a contract market... for inventory and forward contracts in the inter-bank market in those foreign currencies which are... broker or dealer which is a purchaser of a commodity option which is traded on a contract market the...

  11. 75 FR 30783 - Reestablishment of the Technology Advisory Committee

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-02

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Reestablishment of the Technology Advisory Committee AGENCY...: The Commodity Futures Trading Commission has determined to reestablish the charter of its Technology... Commission (``Commission'') has determined to reestablish its Technology Advisory Committee. The Commission...

  12. The Principles and the Specifics of Trading in Commodities

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Baran, Dušan; Herbacsková, Anita

    2012-12-01

    In the present period of instability on financial markets, investments in commodities are the solution for elimination of the consequences of inflation and ensure the yield. When investing in commodities, the use of specifics of commodities compared to other assets. The distribution of commodities we can interpret for agricultural commodities, commodities of energy, precious and other metals, and weather. Therefore, in the framework of the investment portfolio are the commodities. This is the reason why one of the most popular types of investment assets now become commodities. In the interpretation of particular commodities we talk about commodity futures. The reason is that the spot market with commodities is limited storage facilities. The growth of the popularity, which allows a wide range of commodities, has caused that in addition to from institutional investors and speculators for trade may involve even small investors. This development will be supplemented by interpretation of the charts and figers, which will be commented and used for generalization of knowledge. Finally, the article will be interpreted by the further development of the market for commodities as it by article assumes from the results of research.

  13. 76 FR 28641 - Commodity Pool Operators: Relief From Compliance With Certain Disclosure, Reporting and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-18

    ... are subject to certain operational and advertising requirements under Part 4, to all other provisions... 4 Advertising, Brokers, Commodity futures, Commodity pool operators, Commodity trading advisors...

  14. 17 CFR 41.13 - Futures contracts on security indexes trading on or subject to the rules of a foreign board of...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Futures contracts on security... Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SECURITY FUTURES PRODUCTS Narrow-Based Security Indexes § 41.13 Futures contracts on security indexes trading on or subject to the rules of a foreign...

  15. Commodities Trading: An Essential Economic Tool.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Welch, Mary A., Ed.

    1989-01-01

    This issue focuses on commodities trading as an essential economic tool. Activities include critical thinking about marketing decisions and discussion on how futures markets and options are used as important economic tools. Discussion questions and a special student project are included. (EH)

  16. Managing the risks of disease transmission through trade: a commodities-based approach?

    PubMed

    Brückner, G K

    2011-04-01

    Since its founding in 1924, the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) has facilitated safe trade in animals and animal products by developing effective standards to prevent the spread of animal diseases across the globe. A protocol for recognising the disease-free status of countries is an integral part of this process and has been adopted and advanced through the years to assist OIE Member Countries in placing disease-free animals and their products on the international market. Options such as trade from disease-free zones and disease-free compartments are now available to Members and have proven to be a positive mechanism for facilitating trade. A further option is trading in safe commodities, i.e. animals and animal products that have been identified as safe to trade even in the presence of disease, either with or without applying risk mitigation measures before export. Although most Members have incorporated the acceptance of disease-free countries or zones into their animal health policies and sanitary measures, there still appears to be a reluctance to trade in commodities from infected countries, despite clear, scientifically based risk management standards that can be applied if needed. This paper offers some examples reflecting the apparent reluctance to trade in commodities and discusses how the standards in the OIE's Terrestrial Animal Health Code could be used to apply scientifically based risk management practices to review outdated policies.

  17. 17 CFR 32.5 - Disclosure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... effect of any foreign currency fluctuations with respect to commodity option transactions which are to be... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Disclosure. 32.5 Section 32.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION...

  18. 17 CFR 31.6 - Registration of leverage commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... commodities. 31.6 Section 31.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION... applied to the National Futures Association for registration as a leverage transaction merchant; (2... the spot, forward, and futures markets for the generic commodity; (3) Specify a commercial or retail...

  19. Trade in medicines and the public's health: a time series analysis of import disruptions during the 2015 India-Nepal border blockade.

    PubMed

    Sharma, Abhishek; Mishra, Shiva Raj; Kaplan, Warren A

    2017-08-22

    Nepal was struck by devastating earthquakes in April-May 2015, followed by the India-Nepal border blockade later that year. We used the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics (UN Comtrade) database to analyse exports of various health commodities from India to Nepal from January 2011-September 2016. We used time-series regressions of trading volume vs. unit price to ask how well Nepal's trading history with India prior to the earthquake and blockade was able to predict unit prices of health commodities imported into Nepal during and after the earthquake and the blockade. Regression residuals were used to quantify the extent to which the blockade impacted the price of healthcare commodities crossing into Nepal. During the blockade period (September 2015-early February 2016), the volume of all retail medicines traded across the India-Nepal border was reduced by 46.5% compared to same months in 2014-2015. For medical dressings, large volumes were exported from India to Nepal during and shortly after the earthquakes (May-June 2015), but decreased soon thereafter. During the earthquake, the difference between observed and predicted values of unit price (residuals) for all commodities show no statistical outliers. However, during the border blockade, Nepal paid USD 22.3 million more for retail medicines than one would have predicted based on its prior trading history with India, enough to provide healthcare to nearly half of Kathmandu's citizens for 1 year. The India-Nepal blockade was a geopolitical natural experiment demonstrating how a land-locked country is vulnerable to the vagaries of its primary trading partner. Although short-lived, the blockade had an immediate impact on traded medicine volumes and prices, and provided a large opportunity cost with implications for public health.

  20. 78 FR 77439 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request: Part 41, Relating...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-23

    ... the proposed Information Collection Request (ICR) titled: Part 41, Relating to Security Futures... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request: Part 41, Relating to Security Futures Products AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading...

  1. 77 FR 37389 - Renewal of the Technology Advisory Committee

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-21

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Renewal of the Technology Advisory Committee AGENCY... Commodity Futures Trading Commission has determined to renew the charter of its Technology Advisory... and identity that it is for the renewal of the Technology Advisory Committee. All comments must be...

  2. 75 FR 56997 - Global Markets Advisory Committee

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-17

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Global Markets Advisory Committee AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC''). ACTION: Notice of meeting of Global Markets Advisory Committee. SUMMARY: The Global Markets Advisory Committee will hold a public meeting on October 5, 2010, from 1 p.m. to 5...

  3. 76 FR 8715 - Technology Advisory Committee

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-15

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Technology Advisory Committee AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC''). ACTION: Notice of meeting of Technology Advisory Committee. SUMMARY: The Technology Advisory Committee will hold a rescheduled public meeting on March 1, 2011, from 1 p.m. to 5 p.m...

  4. 77 FR 64962 - Meeting of Technology Advisory Committee

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-24

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Meeting of Technology Advisory Committee AGENCY: Commodity..., October 30, 2012, its Technology Advisory Committee (TAC) will hold a public meeting in Chicago at the... Automated and High Frequency Trading, and presentations on technology solutions for both protecting customer...

  5. 75 FR 58367 - Technology Advisory Committee Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-24

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Technology Advisory Committee Meeting AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC''). ACTION: Notice of meeting of Technology Advisory Committee. SUMMARY: The Technology Advisory Committee will hold a public meeting on October 12, 2010, from 1 p.m. to 5 p.m...

  6. 76 FR 75874 - Technology Advisory Committee

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-05

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Technology Advisory Committee AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC''). ACTION: Notice of Meeting of Technology Advisory Committee. SUMMARY: The Technology Advisory Committee will hold a public meeting on December 13, 2011, from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., at the...

  7. 76 FR 776 - Technology Advisory Committee

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-06

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Technology Advisory Committee AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC''). ACTION: Notice of meeting of Technology Advisory Committee. SUMMARY: The Technology Advisory Committee will hold a public meeting on January 27, 2011, from 1 p.m. to 5 p.m., at the...

  8. 77 FR 64108 - Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-18

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday, November 2, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance and...

  9. 17 CFR 41.43 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... options with persons other than brokers, dealers, futures commission merchants, floor brokers, or floor... securities, commodity futures, or commodity options with persons other than brokers, dealers, persons....43 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SECURITY FUTURES PRODUCTS...

  10. 75 FR 54794 - Commodity Pool Operators: Relief From Compliance With Certain Disclosure, Reporting and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-09

    ... are subject to certain operational \\7\\ and advertising requirements \\8\\ under Part 4, to all other... in 17 CFR Part 4 Advertising, Brokers, Commodity futures, Commodity pool operators, Commodity trading...

  11. 17 CFR 240.3a12-8 - Exemption for designated foreign government securities for purposes of futures trading.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Exemption for designated foreign government securities for purposes of futures trading. 240.3a12-8 Section 240.3a12-8 Commodity and... trading. (a) When used in this Rule, the following terms shall have the meaning indicated: (1) The term...

  12. 17 CFR 240.3a55-2 - Indexes underlying futures contracts trading for fewer than 30 days.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Indexes underlying futures contracts trading for fewer than 30 days. 240.3a55-2 Section 240.3a55-2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges... of trading volume is reported in a currency other than U.S. dollars, the total value of each day's...

  13. 17 CFR 240.3a12-8 - Exemption for designated foreign government securities for purposes of futures trading.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Exemption for designated foreign government securities for purposes of futures trading. 240.3a12-8 Section 240.3a12-8 Commodity and... trading. (a) When used in this Rule, the following terms shall have the meaning indicated: (1) The term...

  14. 17 CFR 240.3a12-8 - Exemption for designated foreign government securities for purposes of futures trading.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Exemption for designated foreign government securities for purposes of futures trading. 240.3a12-8 Section 240.3a12-8 Commodity and... trading. (a) When used in this Rule, the following terms shall have the meaning indicated: (1) The term...

  15. 17 CFR 240.3a12-8 - Exemption for designated foreign government securities for purposes of futures trading.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exemption for designated foreign government securities for purposes of futures trading. 240.3a12-8 Section 240.3a12-8 Commodity and... trading. (a) When used in this Rule, the following terms shall have the meaning indicated: (1) The term...

  16. An industry perspective on the use of seasonal forecasts and weather information for evaluating sensitivities in traded commodity supply chains

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Domeisen, Daniela; Slavov, Georgi

    2015-04-01

    Weather information on seasonal timescales is crucial to various end users, from the level of subsistence farming to the government level. Also the financial industry is ever more aware of and interested in the benefits that early and correctly interpreted forecast information provides. Straight forward and often cited applications include the estimation of rainfall and temperature anomalies for drought - prone agricultural areas producing traded commodities, as well as some of the rather direct impacts of weather on energy production. Governments, weather services, as well as both academia and private companies are working on tailoring climate and weather information to a growing number of customers. However, also other large markets, such as coal, iron ore, and gas, are crucially dependent on seasonal weather information and forecasts, while the needs are again very dependent on the direction of the predicted signal. So far, relatively few providers in climate services address these industries. All of these commodities show a strong seasonal and weather dependence, and an unusual winter or summer can crucially impact their demand and supply. To name a few impacts, gas is crucially driven by heating demand, iron ore excavation is dependent on the available water resources, and coal mining is dependent on winter temperatures and rainfall. This contribution will illustrate and provide an inside view of the type of climate and weather information needed for the various large commodity industries.

  17. 17 CFR 14.4 - Violation of Commodity Exchange Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Violation of Commodity Exchange Act. 14.4 Section 14.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION... Exchange Act. The Commission may deny, temporarily or permanently, the privilege of appearing or practicing...

  18. 17 CFR 3.10 - Registration of futures commission merchants, retail foreign exchange dealers, introducing...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ..., commodity pool operators and leverage transaction merchants. 3.10 Section 3.10 Commodity and Securities..., commodity pool operators and leverage transaction merchants. (a) Application for registration. (1)(i) Except... merchant, retail foreign exchange dealers, introducing broker, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool...

  19. The History of Makassan Trepang Fishing and Trade

    PubMed Central

    Schwerdtner Máñez, Kathleen; Ferse, Sebastian C. A.

    2010-01-01

    The Malayan term trepang describes a variety of edible holothurians commonly known as sea cucumbers. Although found in temperate and tropical marine waters all over the world, the centre of species diversity and abundance are the shallow coastal waters of Island Southeast Asia. For at least 300 years, trepang has been a highly priced commodity in the Chinese market. Originally, its fishing and trade was a specialized business, centred on the town of Makassar in South Sulawesi (Indonesia). The rise of trepang fishing in the 17th century added valuable export merchandize to the rich shallow seas surrounding the islands of Southeast Asia. This enabled local communities to become part of large trading networks and greatly supported their economic development. In this article, we follow Makassan trepang fishing and trading from its beginning until the industrialization of the fishery and worldwide depletion of sea cucumbers in the 20th century. Thereby, we identify a number of characteristics which trepang fishing shares with the exploitation of other marine resources, including (1) a strong influence of international markets, (2) the role of patron-client relationships which heavily influence the resource selection, and (3) the roving-bandit-syndrome, where fishermen exploit local stocks of valuable resources until they are depleted, and then move to another area. We suggest that understanding the similarities and differences between historical and recent exploitation of marine resources is an important step towards effective management solutions. PMID:20613871

  20. The history of Makassan trepang fishing and trade.

    PubMed

    Schwerdtner Máñez, Kathleen; Ferse, Sebastian C A

    2010-06-29

    The Malayan term trepang describes a variety of edible holothurians commonly known as sea cucumbers. Although found in temperate and tropical marine waters all over the world, the centre of species diversity and abundance are the shallow coastal waters of Island Southeast Asia. For at least 300 years, trepang has been a highly priced commodity in the Chinese market. Originally, its fishing and trade was a specialized business, centred on the town of Makassar in South Sulawesi (Indonesia). The rise of trepang fishing in the 17(th) century added valuable export merchandize to the rich shallow seas surrounding the islands of Southeast Asia. This enabled local communities to become part of large trading networks and greatly supported their economic development. In this article, we follow Makassan trepang fishing and trading from its beginning until the industrialization of the fishery and worldwide depletion of sea cucumbers in the 20(th) century. Thereby, we identify a number of characteristics which trepang fishing shares with the exploitation of other marine resources, including (1) a strong influence of international markets, (2) the role of patron-client relationships which heavily influence the resource selection, and (3) the roving-bandit-syndrome, where fishermen exploit local stocks of valuable resources until they are depleted, and then move to another area. We suggest that understanding the similarities and differences between historical and recent exploitation of marine resources is an important step towards effective management solutions.

  1. Assessment of the safety of aquatic animal commodities for international trade: the OIE Aquatic Animal Health code.

    PubMed

    Oidtmann, B; Johnston, C; Klotins, K; Mylrea, G; Van, P T; Cabot, S; Martin, P Rosado; Ababouch, L; Berthe, F

    2013-02-01

    Trading of aquatic animals and aquatic animal products has become increasingly globalized during the last couple of decades. This commodity trade has increased the risk for the spread of aquatic animal pathogens. The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) is recognized as the international standard-setting organization for measures relating to international trade in animals and animal products. In this role, OIE has developed the Aquatic Animal Health Code, which provides health measures to be used by competent authorities of importing and exporting countries to avoid the transfer of agents pathogenic for animals or humans, whilst avoiding unjustified sanitary barriers. An OIE ad hoc group developed criteria for assessing the safety of aquatic animals or aquatic animal products for any purpose from a country, zone or compartment not declared free from a given disease 'X'. The criteria were based on the absence of the pathogenic agent in the traded commodity or inactivation of the pathogenic agent by the commercial processing used to produce the commodity. The group also developed criteria to assess the safety of aquatic animals or aquatic animal products for retail trade for human consumption from potentially infected areas. Such commodities were assessed considering the form and presentation of the product, the expected volume of waste tissues generated by the consumer and the likely presence of viable pathogenic agent in the waste. The ad hoc group applied the criteria to commodities listed in the individual disease chapters of the Aquatic Animal Health Code (2008 edition). Revised lists of commodities for which no additional measures should be required by the importing countries regardless of the status for disease X of the exporting country were developed and adopted by the OIE World Assembly of Delegates in May 2011. The rationale of the criteria and their application will be explained and demonstrated using examples. © 2012 Crown Copyright. Reproduced with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office and Cefas, Aquatic Animal Disease Group.

  2. Evaluating Inequality or Injustice in Water Use for Food

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    D'Odorico, P.; Carr, J. A.; Seekell, D. A.

    2014-12-01

    Water availability and population density distributions are uneven and therefore inequality exists in human access to freshwater resources; but is this inequality unjust or only regrettable? To examine this question we formulated and evaluated elementary principles of water ethics relative to human rights for water and explored the need for global trade to improve societal access to water by transferring plant and animal commodities and the "virtual water" embedded in them. We defined human welfare benchmarks and evaluated country specific patterns of water use for food with, and without trade, over a 25-year period in order to elucidate the influence of trade and inequality on equability of water use. We found that trade improves mean water use and wellbeing, when related to human welfare benchmarks, suggesting that inequality is regrettable but not necessarily unjust. However, trade has not significantly contributed to redressing inequality. Hence, directed trade decisions can improve future conditions of water and food scarcity through reduced inequality.

  3. 78 FR 63968 - Notice of Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-25

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Notice of Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday, November 8, 2013. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW...-25268 Filed 10-23-13; 11:15 am] BILLING CODE 6351-01-P ...

  4. 78 FR 13028 - Sunshine Act Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-26

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meeting Agency Holding the Meeting: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. Time and Date: 10:00 a.m., Friday, March 1, 2013. Place: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. Status: Closed. Matters to be Considered: Surveillance...

  5. 78 FR 13028 - Sunshine Act Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-26

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meeting Agency Holding the Meeting: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. Time and Date: 10:00 a.m., Friday, March 15, 2013. Place : 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. Status: Closed. Matters to be Considered: Surveillance...

  6. 78 FR 20897 - Agency Information Collection Activities Under OMB Review

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-08

    ... developing an outreach and communications campaign designed to change consumer behavior. Since these systems... AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Office of Consumer Outreach...: Nisha Smalls, Office of Consumer Outreach, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, 1155 21st Street NW...

  7. 75 FR 22391 - Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-28

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings Agency Holding the Meeting: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. Time and Date: 11 a.m., Wednesday, May 12, 2010. Place: 1155 21st St., NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. Status: Closed. Matters To Be Considered: Rule...

  8. 77 FR 25148 - Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-27

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10 a.m., Friday, May 11, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance...

  9. 77 FR 25148 - Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-27

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10 a.m., Friday, May 18, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance...

  10. 77 FR 25148 - Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-27

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday, May 4, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance...

  11. 77 FR 25148 - Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-27

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday May 25, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance...

  12. 76 FR 74778 - Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-01

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings The following notice of scheduled meetings is published pursuant to the provisions of the Government in the Sunshine Act, Public Law 94- 409, 5 U.S.C. 552b. AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETINGS: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIMES AND DATES...

  13. 77 FR 54903 - Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-06

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10 a.m., Friday October 5, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance...

  14. 77 FR 54903 - Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-06

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10 a.m., Friday October 12, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance...

  15. 77 FR 64108 - Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-18

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday November 9, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance...

  16. 77 FR 64108 - Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-18

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday, November 30, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance...

  17. 76 FR 59119 - Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-23

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10 a.m., Friday October 7, 2011. PLACE: 1155 21st St., NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. Matters To Be Considered Surveillance...

  18. 76 FR 59118 - Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-23

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10 a.m., Friday October 28, 2011. PLACE: 1155 21st St., NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. Matters To Be Considered Surveillance...

  19. 77 FR 64108 - Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-18

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday November 23, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance...

  20. 76 FR 59118 - Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-23

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10 a.m., Friday, October 14, 2011. PLACE: 1155 21st St., NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. Matters To Be Considered Surveillance...

  1. 77 FR 64108 - Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-18

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday, November 16, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance...

  2. 76 FR 59118 - Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-23

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10 a.m., Friday October 21, 2011. PLACE: 1155 21st St., NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. Matters To Be Considered Surveillance...

  3. 77 FR 54903 - Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-06

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10 a.m., Friday October 26, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance...

  4. 77 FR 54903 - Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-06

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday October 19, 2012. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW., Washington, DC, 9th Floor Commission Conference Room. STATUS: Closed. MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: Surveillance...

  5. 76 FR 16588 - Risk Management Requirements for Derivatives Clearing Organizations; Correction

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-24

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 39 RIN 3038-AC98 Risk Management Requirements for Derivatives Clearing Organizations; Correction AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice of... Register of January 20, 2011, regarding Risk Management Requirements for Derivatives Clearing Organizations...

  6. The Water Suitcase of Migrants: Assessing Virtual Water Fluxes Associated to Human Migration

    PubMed Central

    Metulini, Rodolfo; Tamea, Stefania; Laio, Francesco; Riccaboni, Massimo

    2016-01-01

    Disentangling the relations between human migrations and water resources is relevant for food security and trade policy in water-scarce countries. It is commonly believed that human migrations are beneficial to the water endowments of origin countries for reducing the pressure on local resources. We show here that such belief is over-simplistic. We reframe the problem by considering the international food trade and the corresponding virtual water fluxes, which quantify the water used for the production of traded agricultural commodities. By means of robust analytical tools, we show that migrants strengthen the commercial links between countries, triggering trade fluxes caused by food consumption habits persisting after migration. Thus migrants significantly increase the virtual water fluxes and the use of water in the countries of origin. The flux ascribable to each migrant, i.e. the “water suitcase”, is found to have increased from 321 m3/y in 1990 to 1367 m3/y in 2010. A comparison with the water footprint of individuals shows that where the water suitcase exceeds the water footprint of inhabitants, migrations turn out to be detrimental to the water endowments of origin countries, challenging the common perception that migrations tend to relieve the pressure on the local (water) resources of origin countries. PMID:27124488

  7. The vulnerability and resilience of a city's water footprint: The case of Flagstaff, Arizona, USA

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rushforth, Richard R.; Ruddell, Benjamin L.

    2016-04-01

    Research has yet to operationalize water footprint information for urban water policy and planning to reduce vulnerability and increase resilience to water scarcity. Using a county-level database of the U.S. hydro-economy, NWED, we spatially mapped and analyzed the Water Footprint of Flagstaff, Arizona, a small city. Virtual water inflow and outflow networks were developed using the flow of commodities into and out of the city. The power law distribution of virtual water trade volume between Flagstaff and its county trading partners broke at a spatial distance of roughly 2000 km. Most large trading partners are within this geographical distance, and this distance is an objective definition for Flagstaff's zone of indirect hydro-economic influence—that is, its water resource hinterland. Metrics were developed to measure Flagstaff's reliance on virtual water resources, versus direct use of local physical water resources. Flagstaff's reliance on external water supplies via virtual water trade increases both its hydro-economic resilience and vulnerability to water scarcity. These methods empower city managers to operationalize the city's Water Footprint information to reduce vulnerability, increase resilience, and optimally balance the allocation of local physical water supplies with the outsourcing of some water uses via the virtual water supply chain.

  8. The Water Suitcase of Migrants: Assessing Virtual Water Fluxes Associated to Human Migration.

    PubMed

    Metulini, Rodolfo; Tamea, Stefania; Laio, Francesco; Riccaboni, Massimo

    2016-01-01

    Disentangling the relations between human migrations and water resources is relevant for food security and trade policy in water-scarce countries. It is commonly believed that human migrations are beneficial to the water endowments of origin countries for reducing the pressure on local resources. We show here that such belief is over-simplistic. We reframe the problem by considering the international food trade and the corresponding virtual water fluxes, which quantify the water used for the production of traded agricultural commodities. By means of robust analytical tools, we show that migrants strengthen the commercial links between countries, triggering trade fluxes caused by food consumption habits persisting after migration. Thus migrants significantly increase the virtual water fluxes and the use of water in the countries of origin. The flux ascribable to each migrant, i.e. the "water suitcase", is found to have increased from 321 m3/y in 1990 to 1367 m3/y in 2010. A comparison with the water footprint of individuals shows that where the water suitcase exceeds the water footprint of inhabitants, migrations turn out to be detrimental to the water endowments of origin countries, challenging the common perception that migrations tend to relieve the pressure on the local (water) resources of origin countries.

  9. Structure and evolution of the global seafood trade network

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gephart, Jessica A.; Pace, Michael L.

    2015-12-01

    The food production system is increasingly global and seafood is among the most highly traded commodities. Global trade can improve food security by providing access to a greater variety of foods, increasing wealth, buffering against local supply shocks, and benefit the environment by increasing overall use efficiency for some resources. However, global trade can also expose countries to external supply shocks and degrade the environment by increasing resource demand and loosening feedbacks between consumers and the impacts of food production. As a result, changes in global food trade can have important implications for both food security and the environmental impacts of production. Measurements of globalization and the environmental impacts of food production require data on both total trade and the origin and destination of traded goods (the network structure). While the global trade network of agricultural and livestock products has previously been studied, seafood products have been excluded. This study describes the structure and evolution of the global seafood trade network, including metrics quantifying the globalization of seafood, shifts in bilateral trade flows, changes in centrality and comparisons of seafood to agricultural and industrial trade networks. From 1994 to 2012 the number of countries trading in the network remained relatively constant, while the number of trade partnerships increased by over 65%. Over this same period, the total quantity of seafood traded increased by 58% and the value increased 85% in real terms. These changes signify the increasing globalization of seafood products. Additionally, the trade patterns in the network indicate: increased influence of Thailand and China, strengthened intraregional trade, and increased exports from South America and Asia. In addition to characterizing these network changes, this study identifies data needs in order to connect seafood trade with environmental impacts and food security outcomes.

  10. 17 CFR Appendix C to Part 1 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false [Reserved] C Appendix C to Part 1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Appendix C to Part 1 [Reserved] ...

  11. 17 CFR 5.22 - Registered futures association membership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ..., because the person solicits or accepts orders for retail forex transactions; (2) A commodity pool operator... that engages in retail forex transactions; or (3) A commodity trading advisor because the person... trading authority over, an account in connection with retail forex transactions, must become and remain a...

  12. 17 CFR 5.22 - Registered futures association membership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ..., because the person solicits or accepts orders for retail forex transactions; (2) A commodity pool operator... that engages in retail forex transactions; or (3) A commodity trading advisor because the person... trading authority over, an account in connection with retail forex transactions, must become and remain a...

  13. 17 CFR 5.22 - Registered futures association membership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ..., because the person solicits or accepts orders for retail forex transactions; (2) A commodity pool operator... that engages in retail forex transactions; or (3) A commodity trading advisor because the person... trading authority over, an account in connection with retail forex transactions, must become and remain a...

  14. 17 CFR 40.6 - Self-certification of rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... calculated solely for use in connection with futures or option trading and such changes do not affect... in connection with a futures or option product; (iv) Option contract terms. Changes to option.... 40.6 Section 40.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION PROVISIONS...

  15. 75 FR 78185 - Information Management Requirements for Derivatives Clearing Organizations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-15

    ... Principles J, K, L and M. This is based on the Commission's view that rigorous information management... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Parts 1, 21, and 39 RIN 3038-AC98 Information Management Requirements for Derivatives Clearing Organizations AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission...

  16. 78 FR 21045 - Adaptation of Regulations to Incorporate Swaps-Records of Transactions; Correction

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-09

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 1 RIN 3038-AD53 Adaptation of Regulations to Incorporate Swaps--Records of Transactions; Correction AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION...), regarding Adaptation of Regulations to Incorporate Swaps--Records of Transactions. DATES: This correction to...

  17. 17 CFR 242.301 - Requirements for alternative trading systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 4 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Requirements for alternative trading systems. 242.301 Section 242.301 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS M, SHO, ATS, AC, AND NMS AND CUSTOMER MARGIN REQUIREMENTS FOR SECURITY...

  18. 17 CFR 242.301 - Requirements for alternative trading systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Requirements for alternative trading systems. 242.301 Section 242.301 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS M, SHO, ATS, AC, AND NMS AND CUSTOMER MARGIN REQUIREMENTS FOR SECURITY...

  19. 17 CFR 242.301 - Requirements for alternative trading systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Requirements for alternative trading systems. 242.301 Section 242.301 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS M, SHO, ATS, AC, AND NMS AND CUSTOMER MARGIN REQUIREMENTS FOR SECURITY...

  20. 17 CFR 242.301 - Requirements for alternative trading systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Requirements for alternative trading systems. 242.301 Section 242.301 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS M, SHO, ATS, AC, AND NMS AND CUSTOMER MARGIN REQUIREMENTS FOR SECURITY...

  1. 77 FR 64799 - Sunshine Act Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-23

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meeting The following notice of a scheduled meeting is published pursuant to the provisions of the Government in the Sunshine Act, Public Law 94- 409, 5 U.S.C. 552b. AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIMES AND DATES...

  2. 77 FR 34940 - Sunshine Act Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-12

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meeting The following notice of a scheduled meeting is published pursuant to the provisions of the Government in the Sunshine Act, Public Law 94- 409, 5 U.S.C. 552b. AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIMES AND DATES...

  3. 77 FR 55465 - Sunshine Act Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-10

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meeting The following notice of a scheduled meeting is published pursuant to the provisions of the Government in the Sunshine Act, Public Law 94- 409, 5 U.S.C. 552b. AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIMES AND DATES...

  4. 17 CFR 1.1 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false [Reserved] 1.1 Section 1.1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Definitions § 1.1 [Reserved] [66 FR 42269, Aug. 10, 2001] ...

  5. 75 FR 77576 - General Regulations and Derivatives Clearing Organizations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-13

    ... Derivatives Clearing Organizations AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice of proposed... clearing transactions in commodities for future delivery or commodity option transactions, or for effecting settlements of contracts for future delivery or commodity option transactions, for and between members of any...

  6. 7 CFR 17.1 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Secretary of Agriculture SALES OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES MADE AVAILABLE UNDER TITLE I OF THE AGRICULTURAL... commodities by the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), through private trade channels to the maximum extent..., as amended (hereinafter called “the Act”). (b) Agricultural commodities agreements. (1) Under the Act...

  7. 32 CFR 275.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... dealer in securities or commodities. (9) An investment banker or investment company. (10) A currency... matters. (26) Any futures commission merchant, commodity trading advisor, or commodity pool operator registered, or required to register, under the Commodity Exchange Act that is located inside any State or...

  8. 7 CFR 17.1 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Secretary of Agriculture SALES OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES MADE AVAILABLE UNDER TITLE I OF THE AGRICULTURAL... commodities by the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), through private trade channels to the maximum extent..., as amended (hereinafter called “the Act”). (b) Agricultural commodities agreements. (1) Under the Act...

  9. 17 CFR 1.1 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false [Reserved] 1.1 Section 1.1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Definitions § 1.1 [Reserved] [66 FR 42269, Aug. 10, 2001] ...

  10. 17 CFR 1.1 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false [Reserved] 1.1 Section 1.1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Definitions § 1.1 [Reserved] [66 FR 42269, Aug. 10, 2001] ...

  11. 17 CFR 1.1 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false [Reserved] 1.1 Section 1.1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Definitions § 1.1 [Reserved] [66 FR 42269, Aug. 10, 2001] ...

  12. 17 CFR 3.3 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false [Reserved] 3.3 Section 3.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGISTRATION Registration § 3.3 [Reserved] ...

  13. 17 CFR 3.3 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false [Reserved] 3.3 Section 3.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGISTRATION Registration § 3.3 [Reserved] ...

  14. 75 FR 50950 - Federal Speculative Position Limits for Referenced Energy Contracts and Associated Regulations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-18

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Parts 1, 20, and 151 RIN 3038-AC85 Federal Speculative Position Limits for Referenced Energy Contracts and Associated Regulations AGENCY: Commodity Futures... Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC'' or ``Commission'') proposed to implement position limits for futures...

  15. 76 FR 47529 - Customer Clearing Documentation and Timing of Acceptance for Clearing; Correction

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-05

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Parts 1, 23, and 39 RIN 3038-AD51 Customer Clearing Documentation and Timing of Acceptance for Clearing; Correction AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission... published in the Federal Register of August 1, 2011, regarding Customer Clearing Documentation and Timing of...

  16. 76 FR 66072 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Announcement of Office of Management and Budget...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-25

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration [Docket No. FDA-2011-N-0084...; Channels of Trade Policy for Commodities With Residues of Pesticide Chemicals AGENCY: Food and Drug... collection of information entitled ``Channels of Trade Policy for Commodities With Residues of Pesticide...

  17. 78 FR 63968 - Notice of Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-25

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Notice of Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday, November 1, 2013. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW... D. Jurgens, 202-418-5516. Natise Stowe, Executive Assistant. [FR Doc. 2013-25266 Filed 10-23-13; 11...

  18. 75 FR 4356 - Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-27

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 11 a.m., Friday, February 5, 2010. PLACE: 1155 21st St., NW..., Assistant Secretary of the Commission. [FR Doc. 2010-1791 Filed 1-25-10; 4:15 pm] BILLING CODE 6351-01-P ...

  19. 78 FR 63968 - Notice of Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-25

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Notice of Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday, November 15, 2013. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW... INFORMATION: Melissa D. Jurgens, 202-418-5516. Natise Stowe, Executive Assistant. [FR Doc. 2013-25269 Filed 10...

  20. 75 FR 4355 - Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-27

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 11 a.m., Friday, February 26, 2010. PLACE: 1155 21st St., NW..., Assistant Secretary of the Commission. [FR Doc. 2010-1784 Filed 1-25-10; 4:15 pm] BILLING CODE 6351-01-P ...

  1. 75 FR 5059 - Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-01

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meetings Agency Holding the Meeting: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. Time and Date: 2 p.m., Monday February 8, 2010. Place: 1155 21st St., NW.... Warfield, Assistant Secretary of the Commission. [FR Doc. 2010-2189 Filed 1-28-10; 4:15 pm] BILLING CODE...

  2. 78 FR 63968 - Notice of Sunshine Act Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-25

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Notice of Sunshine Act Meetings AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday, November 22, 2013. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW... INFORMATION: Melissa D. Jurgens, 202-418-5516. Natise Stowe, Executive Assistant. [FR Doc. 2013-25270 Filed 10...

  3. 76 FR 14825 - Core Principles and Other Requirements for Designated Contact Markets

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-18

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Parts 1, 16, and 38 RIN 3038-AD09 Core Principles and Other Requirements for Designated Contact Markets AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION... FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Nancy Markowitz, Assistant Deputy Director, 202-418-5453, [email protected

  4. 75 FR 76706 - Acceptance of Public Submissions on a Study Mandated by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-09

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-63423... Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Section 719(b) AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission; Securities and Exchange Commission. ACTION: Request for Comments. SUMMARY: The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform...

  5. 78 FR 70539 - Sunshine Act Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-26

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meeting AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday, December 6, 2013. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW... meetings change, an announcement of the change, along with the new time, date and location of the meeting...

  6. 78 FR 2961 - Sunshine Act Meeting-Closed Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-15

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meeting--Closed Meeting The following notice of a closed meeting is published pursuant to the provisions of the Government in the Sunshine Act, Public Law 94- 409, 5 U.S.C. 552b. AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME...

  7. 78 FR 70539 - Sunshine Act Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-26

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meeting AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME AND DATE: 10:00 a.m., Friday, December 13, 2013. PLACE: 1155 21st St. NW... meetings change, an announcement of the change, along with the new time, date and location of the meeting...

  8. 78 FR 6306 - Sunshine Act Meeting-Closed Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-30

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meeting--Closed Meeting The following notice of a closed meeting is published pursuant to the provisions of the Government in the Sunshine Act, Public Law 94- 409, 5 U.S.C. 552b. AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIME...

  9. 76 FR 70709 - Sunshine Act Meeting; Emergency Meeting Notice

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-15

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Sunshine Act Meeting; Emergency Meeting Notice This notice that an emergency meeting was held is published pursuant to the provisions of the Government in the Sunshine Act, Public Law 94-409, 5 U.S.C. 552b. AGENCY HOLDING THE MEETING: Commodity Futures Trading...

  10. 17 CFR Appendix B to Part 43 - Enumerated Physical Commodity Contracts and Other Contracts

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Enumerated Physical Commodity... TRADING COMMISSION REAL-TIME PUBLIC REPORTING Pt. 43, App. B Appendix B to Part 43—Enumerated Physical Commodity Contracts and Other Contracts Enumerated Physical Commodity Contracts Agriculture ICE Futures U.S...

  11. International Trade Modelling Using Open Flow Networks: A Flow-Distance Based Analysis.

    PubMed

    Shen, Bin; Zhang, Jiang; Li, Yixiao; Zheng, Qiuhua; Li, Xingsen

    2015-01-01

    This paper models and analyzes international trade flows using open flow networks (OFNs) with the approaches of flow distances, which provide a novel perspective and effective tools for the study of international trade. We discuss the establishment of OFNs of international trade from two coupled viewpoints: the viewpoint of trading commodity flow and that of money flow. Based on the novel model with flow distance approaches, meaningful insights are gained. First, by introducing the concepts of trade trophic levels and niches, countries' roles and positions in the global supply chains (or value-added chains) can be evaluated quantitatively. We find that the distributions of trading "trophic levels" have the similar clustering pattern for different types of commodities, and summarize some regularities between money flow and commodity flow viewpoints. Second, we find that active and competitive countries trade a wide spectrum of products, while inactive and underdeveloped countries trade a limited variety of products. Besides, some abnormal countries import many types of goods, which the vast majority of countries do not need to import. Third, harmonic node centrality is proposed and we find the phenomenon of centrality stratification. All the results illustrate the usefulness of the model of OFNs with its network approaches for investigating international trade flows.

  12. International Trade Modelling Using Open Flow Networks: A Flow-Distance Based Analysis

    PubMed Central

    Shen, Bin; Zhang, Jiang; Li, Yixiao; Zheng, Qiuhua; Li, Xingsen

    2015-01-01

    This paper models and analyzes international trade flows using open flow networks (OFNs) with the approaches of flow distances, which provide a novel perspective and effective tools for the study of international trade. We discuss the establishment of OFNs of international trade from two coupled viewpoints: the viewpoint of trading commodity flow and that of money flow. Based on the novel model with flow distance approaches, meaningful insights are gained. First, by introducing the concepts of trade trophic levels and niches, countries’ roles and positions in the global supply chains (or value-added chains) can be evaluated quantitatively. We find that the distributions of trading “trophic levels” have the similar clustering pattern for different types of commodities, and summarize some regularities between money flow and commodity flow viewpoints. Second, we find that active and competitive countries trade a wide spectrum of products, while inactive and underdeveloped countries trade a limited variety of products. Besides, some abnormal countries import many types of goods, which the vast majority of countries do not need to import. Third, harmonic node centrality is proposed and we find the phenomenon of centrality stratification. All the results illustrate the usefulness of the model of OFNs with its network approaches for investigating international trade flows. PMID:26569618

  13. 17 CFR 190.10 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... STATEMENT IS FURNISHED TO YOU BECAUSE RULE 190.10 (c) OF THE COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REQUIRES... any combination of the following: futures commission merchant, commodity option dealer, foreign... “from or for the commodity futures account” or “from or for the commodity options account” of such...

  14. 17 CFR 32.6 - Segregation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Segregation. 32.6 Section 32.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 32.6 Segregation. (a) Any person which accepts money, securities, or property from an option...

  15. 17 CFR 32.6 - Segregation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Segregation. 32.6 Section 32.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGULATION OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 32.6 Segregation. (a) Any person which accepts money, securities, or property from an option...

  16. 17 CFR 1.32 - Segregated account; daily computation and record.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Segregated account; daily computation and record. 1.32 Section 1.32 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Recordkeeping § 1.32 Segregated account...

  17. 76 FR 80233 - Amendment to July 14, 2011 Order for Swap Regulation

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-23

    ... amendment to agricultural swaps; and, (3) the expiry date applicable to exempt commercial markets (``ECMs... on exempt and excluded commodities, may trade on either a DCM, ECM or exempt board of trade (``EBOT... agricultural commodities on ECMs or EBOTs.\\35\\ Nothing in the Notice or the Commission's recently promulgated...

  18. 17 CFR 240.17a-23 - Recordkeeping and reporting requirements relating to broker-dealer trading systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Recordkeeping and reporting requirements relating to broker-dealer trading systems. 240.17a-23 Section 240.17a-23 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS, SECURITIES EXCHANGE...

  19. 17 CFR 240.17a-23 - Recordkeeping and reporting requirements relating to broker-dealer trading systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Recordkeeping and reporting requirements relating to broker-dealer trading systems. 240.17a-23 Section 240.17a-23 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS, SECURITIES EXCHANGE...

  20. 17 CFR 240.17a-23 - Recordkeeping and reporting requirements relating to broker-dealer trading systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 4 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Recordkeeping and reporting requirements relating to broker-dealer trading systems. 240.17a-23 Section 240.17a-23 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS, SECURITIES EXCHANGE...

  1. 17 CFR 240.17a-23 - Recordkeeping and reporting requirements relating to broker-dealer trading systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Recordkeeping and reporting requirements relating to broker-dealer trading systems. 240.17a-23 Section 240.17a-23 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS, SECURITIES EXCHANGE...

  2. 17 CFR 42.1 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false [Reserved] 42.1 Section 42.1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING, TERRORIST FINANCING General Provisions § 42.1 [Reserved] ...

  3. Balancing water resource conservation and food security in China.

    PubMed

    Dalin, Carole; Qiu, Huanguang; Hanasaki, Naota; Mauzerall, Denise L; Rodriguez-Iturbe, Ignacio

    2015-04-14

    China's economic growth is expected to continue into the next decades, accompanied by sustained urbanization and industrialization. The associated increase in demand for land, water resources, and rich foods will deepen the challenge of sustainably feeding the population and balancing agricultural and environmental policies. We combine a hydrologic model with an economic model to project China's future food trade patterns and embedded water resources by 2030 and to analyze the effects of targeted irrigation reductions on this system, notably on national agricultural water consumption and food self-sufficiency. We simulate interprovincial and international food trade with a general equilibrium welfare model and a linear programming optimization, and we obtain province-level estimates of commodities' virtual water content with a hydrologic model. We find that reducing irrigated land in regions highly dependent on scarce river flow and nonrenewable groundwater resources, such as Inner Mongolia and the greater Beijing area, can improve the efficiency of agriculture and trade regarding water resources. It can also avoid significant consumption of irrigation water across China (up to 14.8 km(3)/y, reduction by 14%), while incurring relatively small decreases in national food self-sufficiency (e.g., by 3% for wheat). Other researchers found that a national, rather than local, water policy would have similar effects on food production but would only reduce irrigation water consumption by 5%.

  4. 17 CFR 240.3a55-3 - Futures contracts on security indexes trading on or subject to the rules of a foreign board of...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Futures contracts on security indexes trading on or subject to the rules of a foreign board of trade. 240.3a55-3 Section 240.3a55-3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS, SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934...

  5. 17 CFR 240.3a55-3 - Futures contracts on security indexes trading on or subject to the rules of a foreign board of...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Futures contracts on security indexes trading on or subject to the rules of a foreign board of trade. 240.3a55-3 Section 240.3a55-3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS, SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934...

  6. The Role of Latin America’s Land and Water Resources for Global Food Security: Environmental Trade-Offs of Future Food Production Pathways

    PubMed Central

    Flachsbarth, Insa; Willaarts, Bárbara; Xie, Hua; Pitois, Gauthier; Mueller, Nathaniel D.; Ringler, Claudia; Garrido, Alberto

    2015-01-01

    One of humanity’s major challenges of the 21st century will be meeting future food demands on an increasingly resource constrained-planet. Global food production will have to rise by 70 percent between 2000 and 2050 to meet effective demand which poses major challenges to food production systems. Doing so without compromising environmental integrity is an even greater challenge. This study looks at the interdependencies between land and water resources, agricultural production and environmental outcomes in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), an area of growing importance in international agricultural markets. Special emphasis is given to the role of LAC’s agriculture for (a) global food security and (b) environmental sustainability. We use the International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade (IMPACT)—a global dynamic partial equilibrium model of the agricultural sector—to run different future production scenarios, and agricultural trade regimes out to 2050, and assess changes in related environmental indicators. Results indicate that further trade liberalization is crucial for improving food security globally, but that it would also lead to more environmental pressures in some regions across Latin America. Contrasting land expansion versus more intensified agriculture shows that productivity improvements are generally superior to agricultural land expansion, from an economic and environmental point of view. Finally, our analysis shows that there are trade-offs between environmental and food security goals for all agricultural development paths. PMID:25617621

  7. The role of Latin America's land and water resources for global food security: environmental trade-offs of future food production pathways.

    PubMed

    Flachsbarth, Insa; Willaarts, Bárbara; Xie, Hua; Pitois, Gauthier; Mueller, Nathaniel D; Ringler, Claudia; Garrido, Alberto

    2015-01-01

    One of humanity's major challenges of the 21st century will be meeting future food demands on an increasingly resource constrained-planet. Global food production will have to rise by 70 percent between 2000 and 2050 to meet effective demand which poses major challenges to food production systems. Doing so without compromising environmental integrity is an even greater challenge. This study looks at the interdependencies between land and water resources, agricultural production and environmental outcomes in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), an area of growing importance in international agricultural markets. Special emphasis is given to the role of LAC's agriculture for (a) global food security and (b) environmental sustainability. We use the International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade (IMPACT)-a global dynamic partial equilibrium model of the agricultural sector-to run different future production scenarios, and agricultural trade regimes out to 2050, and assess changes in related environmental indicators. Results indicate that further trade liberalization is crucial for improving food security globally, but that it would also lead to more environmental pressures in some regions across Latin America. Contrasting land expansion versus more intensified agriculture shows that productivity improvements are generally superior to agricultural land expansion, from an economic and environmental point of view. Finally, our analysis shows that there are trade-offs between environmental and food security goals for all agricultural development paths.

  8. 17 CFR 1.49 - Denomination of customer funds and location of depositories.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Denomination of customer funds and location of depositories. 1.49 Section 1.49 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Miscellaneous § 1.49 Denomination...

  9. 17 CFR Appendix B to Part 190 - Special Bankruptcy Distributions

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Special Bankruptcy Distributions B Appendix B to Part 190 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION... purposes of this distributional rule, XM accounts will be deemed to be commodity interest accounts and...

  10. 17 CFR 4.12 - Exemption from provisions of part 4.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... part 4. 4.12 Section 4.12 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION... said Act; (B) Will generally and routinely engage in the buying and selling of securities and securities derived instruments; (C) Will not enter into commodity futures and commodity options contracts for...

  11. The fruit and vegetable import pathway for potential invasive pest arrivals.

    PubMed

    Lichtenberg, Erik; Olson, Lars J

    2018-01-01

    The expansion of international trade in commodities increases the risk of alien species invasions. Invaders are difficult to detect on introduction, so prevention remains the preferred strategy for managing the threat of invasions. Propagule pressure has been shown to be a good predictor of invasion risk. Most studies to date, however, link potential invasive species arrivals with indirect measures of propagule pressure such as aggregate trade volumes. This paper estimates propagule pressure using data that measure actual arrivals. Specifically, it uses inspection data that covers almost all U.S. fruit and vegetable imports from 2005-2014 to estimate a logit model of the probability of potential invasive species arrival and expected propagule frequencies for 2,240 commodity/country of origin combinations. Clear patterns in the geographic origin and commodity pathways for potential pests are identified. The average probability of arrival is low, approximately 0.03, but is two to ten times higher for some commodities, most notably herbs. We identify commodities with a high number of expected arrivals due to either a large volume of trade, high interception rates, or a combination of both. Seven of the top ten countries of origin for propagule frequency are from the Western Hemisphere and further trade liberalization within the Western Hemisphere is likely to heighten challenges to enforcement of US phytosanitary standards. Patterns in the data can help identify the commodities and countries of origin in greatest need of technical assistance and guide targeting of surveillance for the pathways of greatest phytosanitary concern.

  12. Apparent Consumption vs. Total Consumption--A Lead-Acid Battery Case Study

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Wilburn, David R.; Buckingham, David A.

    2006-01-01

    Introduction: This report compares estimates of U.S. apparent consumption of lead with estimates of total U.S. consumption of this mineral commodity from a materials flow perspective. The difference, attributed to the amount of lead contained in imported and exported products, was found to be significant for this sector. The study also assesses the effects of including mineral commodities incorporated in manufactured products on the interpretation of observed trends in minerals consumption and trade. Materials flow is a systems approach to understanding what happens to the materials we use from the time a material is extracted, through its processing and manufacturing, to its ultimate disposition. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides accurate and detailed mineral production and mineral commodity consumption statistics that are essential for government, nongovernment organizations, and the public to gain a better understanding of how and where materials are used and their effect on the environment and society. Published statistics on mineral apparent consumption are limited to estimates of consumption of raw material forms (ore, concentrate, and [or] refined metal). For this study, apparent consumption is defined as mine production + secondary refined production + imports (concentrates and refined metal) ? exports (concentrates and refined metal) + adjustments for government and industry stock changes. These estimates do not account for the amount of mineral commodities contained in manufactured products that are imported to the United States, nor do they deduct the amount of these mineral commodities contained in manufactured products that are exported from the United States. When imports or exports of manufactured products contribute significantly to the total use of a particular raw material, an estimate of consumption that does not consider the incorporated forms of these mineral commodities within imported or exported manufactured products can be either under- or overreported (depending on the net trade flow). Factors that influence consumption and trade patterns include variations in industry structure, labor or financial markets, legislation, and technology. As U.S. trade patterns of manufactured products change, omitting mineral commodities incorporated into these goods as part of U.S. mineral commodity consumption estimates may affect the interpretation of observed trends in minerals consumption and trade. Although it may be desirable to include minerals contained in manufactured products as part of consumption estimates, collection and estimation of these data are sometimes difficult. Consumption and trade data for every traded product may not be readily available. Compiling comprehensive consumption statistics for mineral commodities, which have many end uses, each including multiple products, may be time consuming. For these reasons, studies of all mineral commodities are not feasible. Mineral commodity selection for this study is based on data accessibility considerations and the relative importance of lead contained in imported and exported products when considered part of total U.S. lead consumption. Lead was selected for this initial evaluation of total mineral consumption because of the need to understand the consumption pattern of this potentially toxic metal and its compounds, the relative simplicity of this sector?s end-use structure, and the availability of trade data. This study draws upon the findings of an earlier lead consumption study (Biviano and others, 1999) conducted by the USGS for the period 1984 to 1993, but uses a different study methodology for an industry whose structure has changed from that considered in the earlier study. Figure 1 shows the quantity of material contributing to U.S. total consumption of lead metal from domestic and foreign industrial sectors in 2004, based upon trade data reported by the USGS and the U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC). For

  13. Linking water resources to food security through virtual water

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tamea, Stefania

    2014-05-01

    The largest use of global freshwater resources is related to food production. While each day we drink about 2 liters of water, we consume (eating) about 4000 liters of ''virtual water'', which represents the freshwater used to produce crop-based and livestock-based food. Considering human water consumption as a whole, most part originates from agriculture (85.8%), and only minor parts come from industry (9.6%) or households (4.6%). These numbers shed light on the great pressure of humanity on global freshwater resources and justify the increasing interest towards this form of environmental impact, usually known as ''water footprint''. Virtual water is a key variable in establishing the nexus between water and food. In fact, water resources used for agricultural production determine local food availability, and impact the international trade of agricultural goods. Trade, in turn, makes food commodities available to nations which are not otherwise self-sufficient, in terms of water resources or food, and it establishes an equilibrium between food demand and production at the global scale. Therefore, food security strongly relies on international food trade, but also on the use of distant and foreign water resources, which need to be acknowledged and investigated. Virtual water embedded in production and international trade follows the fate of food on the trade network, generating virtual flows of great magnitude (e.g., 2800 km3 in 2010) and defining local and global virtual water balances worldwide. The resulting water-food nexus is critical for the societal and economic development, and it has several implications ranging from population dynamics to the competing use of freshwater resources, from dietary guidelines to globalization of trade, from externalization of pollution to policy making and to socio-economic wealth. All these implications represent a great challenge for future research, not only in hydrology but in the many fields related to this interdisciplinary topic. Virtual water and water footprint accounting provide the tools for understanding such implications and to describe, quantify, and investigate the inextricable link existing between water resources and food security.

  14. Strategic Considerations of the Sino-Cuban Relationship as the United States Renews Relations with Cuba

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-05-26

    obtained for the inclusion of pictures, maps, graphics, and any other works incorporated into this manuscript. A work of the United States Government is not...in 2004 by Venezuela and Cuba. The eleven members are Antigua and Barbuda, Bolivia, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador , Grenada, Nicaragua, Saint Kitts and...region to the US alone in trade relations. China needs natural resources and commodities such as oil and soybeans and many Latin American governments and

  15. 17 CFR 255.6 - Other permitted proprietary trading activities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... trading activities. 255.6 Section 255.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) PROPRIETARY TRADING AND CERTAIN INTERESTS IN AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH COVERED FUNDS Proprietary Trading § 255.6 Other permitted proprietary trading activities. (a) Permitted trading in domestic...

  16. 75 FR 81977 - Order Exempting the Trading and Clearing of Certain Products Related to the CBOE Gold ETF...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-29

    ... derivatives transaction execution facility for transactions for future delivery in any commodity under section... categorical Section 4(c) exemption to permit options and futures on shares of all or some precious metal commodity-based ETFs to be traded and cleared as options on securities and security futures, respectively...

  17. 17 CFR Appendix C to Part 145 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false [Reserved] C Appendix C to Part 145 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COMMISSION RECORDS AND INFORMATION Appendix C to Part 145 [Reserved] ...

  18. 17 CFR Appendix C to Part 40 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false [Reserved] C Appendix C to Part 40 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION PROVISIONS COMMON TO REGISTERED ENTITIES Appendix C to Part 40 [Reserved] ...

  19. A novel application of mark-recapture to examine behaviour associated with the online trade in elephant ivory.

    PubMed

    Yeo, Lydia M; McCrea, Rachel S; Roberts, David L

    2017-01-01

    The illegal trade in elephant ivory is driving the unlawful killing of elephants such that populations are now suffering unsustainable reductions. The internet is increasingly being used as a platform to conduct illegal wildlife trade, including elephant ivory. As a globally accessible medium the internet is as highly attractive to those involved in the illegal trade as it is challenging to regulate. Characterising the online illegal wildlife (ivory) trade is complex, yet key to informing enforcement activities. We applied mark-recapture to investigate behaviour associated with the online trade in elephant ivory on eBay UK as a generalist online marketplace. Our results indicate that trade takes place via eBay UK, despite its policy prohibiting this, and that two distinct trading populations exist, characterised by the pattern of their ivory sales. We suggest these may represent a large number of occasional (or non-commercial) sellers and a smaller number of dedicated (or commercial) sellers. Directing resource towards reducing the volume of occasional sales, such as through education, would enable greater focus to be placed upon characterising the extent and value of the illegal, "commercial" online ivory trade. MRC has the potential to characterise the illegal trade in ivory and diverse wildlife commodities traded using various online platforms.

  20. A novel application of mark-recapture to examine behaviour associated with the online trade in elephant ivory

    PubMed Central

    McCrea, Rachel S.; Roberts, David L.

    2017-01-01

    The illegal trade in elephant ivory is driving the unlawful killing of elephants such that populations are now suffering unsustainable reductions. The internet is increasingly being used as a platform to conduct illegal wildlife trade, including elephant ivory. As a globally accessible medium the internet is as highly attractive to those involved in the illegal trade as it is challenging to regulate. Characterising the online illegal wildlife (ivory) trade is complex, yet key to informing enforcement activities. We applied mark-recapture to investigate behaviour associated with the online trade in elephant ivory on eBay UK as a generalist online marketplace. Our results indicate that trade takes place via eBay UK, despite its policy prohibiting this, and that two distinct trading populations exist, characterised by the pattern of their ivory sales. We suggest these may represent a large number of occasional (or non-commercial) sellers and a smaller number of dedicated (or commercial) sellers. Directing resource towards reducing the volume of occasional sales, such as through education, would enable greater focus to be placed upon characterising the extent and value of the illegal, “commercial” online ivory trade. MRC has the potential to characterise the illegal trade in ivory and diverse wildlife commodities traded using various online platforms. PMID:28289565

  1. Botswana's Beef Global Commodity Chain: Explaining the Resistance to Change

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ransom, Elizabeth

    2011-01-01

    In an era of increasing global agricultural trade, many firms and farms seek to upgrade their agricultural commodity chains to become better integrated into global markets. Utilizing a global commodity chain (GCC) approach, this analysis unravels the challenges to and the potential consequences of upgrading Botswana's beef commodity chain.…

  2. 17 CFR 32.1 - Scope of part 32; definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... OF COMMODITY OPTION TRANSACTIONS § 32.1 Scope of part 32; definitions. (a) Scope. The provisions of... commodity option transactions, shall apply to all commodity option transactions except for commodity option transactions conducted or executed on or subject to the rules of a contract market, or a foreign board of trade...

  3. 17 CFR 1.46 - Application and closing out of offsetting long and short positions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Application and closing out of offsetting long and short positions. 1.46 Section 1.46 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Miscellaneous § 1.46 Application...

  4. 17 CFR 1.39 - Simultaneous buying and selling orders of different principals; execution of, for and between...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Simultaneous buying and... Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Recordkeeping § 1.39 Simultaneous buying and selling orders of different principals...

  5. 17 CFR 4.25 - Performance disclosures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Performance disclosures. 4.25... OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Commodity Pool Operators § 4.25 Performance disclosures. (a) General principles—(1) Capsule performance information—(i) For pools. Unless otherwise specified...

  6. 17 CFR 4.25 - Performance disclosures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Performance disclosures. 4.25... OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Commodity Pool Operators § 4.25 Performance disclosures. (a) General principles—(1) Capsule performance information—(i) For pools. Unless otherwise specified...

  7. 17 CFR 4.25 - Performance disclosures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Performance disclosures. 4.25... OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Commodity Pool Operators § 4.25 Performance disclosures. (a) General principles—(1) Capsule performance information—(i) For pools. Unless otherwise specified...

  8. 17 CFR 4.25 - Performance disclosures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Performance disclosures. 4.25... OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Commodity Pool Operators § 4.25 Performance disclosures. (a) General principles—(1) Capsule performance information—(i) For pools. Unless otherwise specified...

  9. 17 CFR 4.25 - Performance disclosures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Performance disclosures. 4.25... OPERATORS AND COMMODITY TRADING ADVISORS Commodity Pool Operators § 4.25 Performance disclosures. (a) General principles—(1) Capsule performance information—(i) For pools. Unless otherwise specified...

  10. 17 CFR 8.08 - Disciplinary committee.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Disciplinary committee. 8.08 Section 8.08 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION EXCHANGE PROCEDURES FOR DISCIPLINARY, SUMMARY, AND MEMBERSHIP DENIAL ACTIONS Disciplinary Procedure § 8.08 Disciplinary...

  11. 17 CFR 37.9 - Enforceability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Enforceability. 37.9 Section 37.9 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES TRANSACTION... pursuant to the rules of, a registered derivatives transaction execution facility shall not be void...

  12. 17 CFR 39.6 - Enforceability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Enforceability. 39.6 Section 39.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES CLEARING ORGANIZATIONS § 39.6 Enforceability. An agreement, contract or transaction submitted to a derivatives clearing...

  13. 75 FR 37510 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change by NYSE Arca, Inc...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-29

    ... Trading of WisdomTree Dreyfus Commodity Currency Fund Under NYSE Arca Equities Rule 8.600 June 22, 2010... proposes to list and trade shares of the following fund of the WisdomTree Trust (``Trust'') under NYSE Arca Equities Rule 8.600: WisdomTree Dreyfus Commodity Currency Fund (``Fund''). The text of the proposed rule...

  14. 17 CFR 240.6a-4 - Notice of registration under Section 6(g) of the Act, amendment to such notice, and supplemental...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and such designation is not suspended by order of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission; or (B) Is registered as a derivative transaction execution facility... security futures products by filing Form 1-N (§ 249.10 of this chapter) (“notice of registration”), in...

  15. 17 CFR Appendix B to Part 4 - Adjustments for Additions and Withdrawals in the Computation of Rate of Return

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... Return Method Rate of return for a period may be calculated by computing the net performance divided by the beginning net asset value for each trading day in the period and compounding each daily rate of... commodity pool operator or commodity trading advisor may present to the Commission proposals regarding any...

  16. 17 CFR Appendix B to Part 4 - Adjustments for Additions and Withdrawals in the Computation of Rate of Return

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... Return Method Rate of return for a period may be calculated by computing the net performance divided by the beginning net asset value for each trading day in the period and compounding each daily rate of... commodity pool operator or commodity trading advisor may present to the Commission proposals regarding any...

  17. 17 CFR Appendix B to Part 4 - Adjustments for Additions and Withdrawals in the Computation of Rate of Return

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Return Method Rate of return for a period may be calculated by computing the net performance divided by the beginning net asset value for each trading day in the period and compounding each daily rate of... commodity pool operator or commodity trading advisor may present to the Commission proposals regarding any...

  18. 17 CFR Appendix B to Part 4 - Adjustments for Additions and Withdrawals in the Computation of Rate of Return

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... Return Method Rate of return for a period may be calculated by computing the net performance divided by the beginning net asset value for each trading day in the period and compounding each daily rate of... commodity pool operator or commodity trading advisor may present to the Commission proposals regarding any...

  19. 17 CFR Appendix B to Part 4 - Adjustments for Additions and Withdrawals in the Computation of Rate of Return

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Return Method Rate of return for a period may be calculated by computing the net performance divided by the beginning net asset value for each trading day in the period and compounding each daily rate of... commodity pool operator or commodity trading advisor may present to the Commission proposals regarding any...

  20. The fruit and vegetable import pathway for potential invasive pest arrivals

    PubMed Central

    2018-01-01

    The expansion of international trade in commodities increases the risk of alien species invasions. Invaders are difficult to detect on introduction, so prevention remains the preferred strategy for managing the threat of invasions. Propagule pressure has been shown to be a good predictor of invasion risk. Most studies to date, however, link potential invasive species arrivals with indirect measures of propagule pressure such as aggregate trade volumes. This paper estimates propagule pressure using data that measure actual arrivals. Specifically, it uses inspection data that covers almost all U.S. fruit and vegetable imports from 2005–2014 to estimate a logit model of the probability of potential invasive species arrival and expected propagule frequencies for 2,240 commodity/country of origin combinations. Clear patterns in the geographic origin and commodity pathways for potential pests are identified. The average probability of arrival is low, approximately 0.03, but is two to ten times higher for some commodities, most notably herbs. We identify commodities with a high number of expected arrivals due to either a large volume of trade, high interception rates, or a combination of both. Seven of the top ten countries of origin for propagule frequency are from the Western Hemisphere and further trade liberalization within the Western Hemisphere is likely to heighten challenges to enforcement of US phytosanitary standards. Patterns in the data can help identify the commodities and countries of origin in greatest need of technical assistance and guide targeting of surveillance for the pathways of greatest phytosanitary concern. PMID:29451910

  1. RSTensorFlow: GPU Enabled TensorFlow for Deep Learning on Commodity Android Devices

    PubMed Central

    Alzantot, Moustafa; Wang, Yingnan; Ren, Zhengshuang; Srivastava, Mani B.

    2018-01-01

    Mobile devices have become an essential part of our daily lives. By virtue of both their increasing computing power and the recent progress made in AI, mobile devices evolved to act as intelligent assistants in many tasks rather than a mere way of making phone calls. However, popular and commonly used tools and frameworks for machine intelligence are still lacking the ability to make proper use of the available heterogeneous computing resources on mobile devices. In this paper, we study the benefits of utilizing the heterogeneous (CPU and GPU) computing resources available on commodity android devices while running deep learning models. We leveraged the heterogeneous computing framework RenderScript to accelerate the execution of deep learning models on commodity Android devices. Our system is implemented as an extension to the popular open-source framework TensorFlow. By integrating our acceleration framework tightly into TensorFlow, machine learning engineers can now easily make benefit of the heterogeneous computing resources on mobile devices without the need of any extra tools. We evaluate our system on different android phones models to study the trade-offs of running different neural network operations on the GPU. We also compare the performance of running different models architectures such as convolutional and recurrent neural networks on CPU only vs using heterogeneous computing resources. Our result shows that although GPUs on the phones are capable of offering substantial performance gain in matrix multiplication on mobile devices. Therefore, models that involve multiplication of large matrices can run much faster (approx. 3 times faster in our experiments) due to GPU support. PMID:29629431

  2. RSTensorFlow: GPU Enabled TensorFlow for Deep Learning on Commodity Android Devices.

    PubMed

    Alzantot, Moustafa; Wang, Yingnan; Ren, Zhengshuang; Srivastava, Mani B

    2017-06-01

    Mobile devices have become an essential part of our daily lives. By virtue of both their increasing computing power and the recent progress made in AI, mobile devices evolved to act as intelligent assistants in many tasks rather than a mere way of making phone calls. However, popular and commonly used tools and frameworks for machine intelligence are still lacking the ability to make proper use of the available heterogeneous computing resources on mobile devices. In this paper, we study the benefits of utilizing the heterogeneous (CPU and GPU) computing resources available on commodity android devices while running deep learning models. We leveraged the heterogeneous computing framework RenderScript to accelerate the execution of deep learning models on commodity Android devices. Our system is implemented as an extension to the popular open-source framework TensorFlow. By integrating our acceleration framework tightly into TensorFlow, machine learning engineers can now easily make benefit of the heterogeneous computing resources on mobile devices without the need of any extra tools. We evaluate our system on different android phones models to study the trade-offs of running different neural network operations on the GPU. We also compare the performance of running different models architectures such as convolutional and recurrent neural networks on CPU only vs using heterogeneous computing resources. Our result shows that although GPUs on the phones are capable of offering substantial performance gain in matrix multiplication on mobile devices. Therefore, models that involve multiplication of large matrices can run much faster (approx. 3 times faster in our experiments) due to GPU support.

  3. 17 CFR 141.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 141.2 Section 141.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SALARY OFFSET § 141.2... social security, federal, state or local income tax, health insurance premiums, retirement contributions...

  4. 17 CFR 166.3 - Supervision.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Supervision. 166.3 Section 166.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION CUSTOMER PROTECTION RULES § 166.3 Supervision. Each Commission registrant, except an associated person who has no supervisory...

  5. 17 CFR 166.3 - Supervision.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Supervision. 166.3 Section 166.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION CUSTOMER PROTECTION RULES § 166.3 Supervision. Each Commission registrant, except an associated person who has no supervisory...

  6. 17 CFR 166.3 - Supervision.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Supervision. 166.3 Section 166.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION CUSTOMER PROTECTION RULES § 166.3 Supervision. Each Commission registrant, except an associated person who has no supervisory...

  7. 17 CFR 166.3 - Supervision.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Supervision. 166.3 Section 166.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION (CONTINUED) CUSTOMER PROTECTION RULES § 166.3 Supervision. Each Commission registrant, except an associated person who has no...

  8. 17 CFR 15.06 - Delegations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Delegations. 15.06 Section 15.06 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REPORTS-GENERAL PROVISIONS § 15.06 Delegations. (a) The Commission hereby delegates, until the Commission orders otherwise, the...

  9. 17 CFR 15.06 - Delegations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Delegations. 15.06 Section 15.06 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REPORTS-GENERAL PROVISIONS § 15.06 Delegations. (a) The Commission hereby delegates, until the Commission orders otherwise, the...

  10. 17 CFR 166.3 - Supervision.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Supervision. 166.3 Section 166.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION CUSTOMER PROTECTION RULES § 166.3 Supervision. Each Commission registrant, except an associated person who has no supervisory...

  11. 17 CFR 38.605 - Requirements for financial surveillance program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Requirements for financial surveillance program. 38.605 Section 38.605 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING... financial surveillance program. A designated contract market's financial surveillance program for futures...

  12. 17 CFR 38.604 - Financial surveillance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Financial surveillance. 38.604 Section 38.604 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DESIGNATED CONTRACT MARKETS Financial Integrity of Transactions § 38.604 Financial surveillance. A designated contract market...

  13. 17 CFR 38.605 - Requirements for financial surveillance program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Requirements for financial surveillance program. 38.605 Section 38.605 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING... financial surveillance program. A designated contract market's financial surveillance program for futures...

  14. 17 CFR 38.604 - Financial surveillance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Financial surveillance. 38.604 Section 38.604 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DESIGNATED CONTRACT MARKETS Financial Integrity of Transactions § 38.604 Financial surveillance. A designated contract market...

  15. 17 CFR 8.20 - Final decision.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Final decision. 8.20 Section 8.20 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION EXCHANGE PROCEDURES FOR DISCIPLINARY, SUMMARY, AND MEMBERSHIP DENIAL ACTIONS Disciplinary Procedure § 8.20 Final decision. Each...

  16. 17 CFR 8.02 - Implementing exchange rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Implementing exchange rules. 8.02 Section 8.02 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION EXCHANGE PROCEDURES FOR DISCIPLINARY, SUMMARY, AND MEMBERSHIP DENIAL ACTIONS General Provisions § 8.02 Implementing...

  17. 17 CFR 39.3 - Procedures for registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Procedures for registration. 39.3 Section 39.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES... procedures. An organization desiring to be registered as a derivatives clearing organization shall file...

  18. 17 CFR 39.2 - Exemption.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exemption. 39.2 Section 39.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES CLEARING ORGANIZATIONS § 39.2 Exemption. A derivatives clearing organization and the clearing of agreements, contracts and...

  19. 17 CFR 41.2 - Required records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Required records. 41.2 Section 41.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SECURITY FUTURES PRODUCTS General Provisions § 41.2 Required records. A designated contract market or registered derivatives...

  20. 17 CFR 149.102 - Application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Application. 149.102 Section 149.102 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION ENFORCEMENT OF... COMMISSION § 149.102 Application. This part applies to all programs or activities conducted by the agency. ...

  1. JPRS Report, Soviet Union, Political Affairs, USSR Council of Ministers & Officials: Biographies, Interviews

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-12-12

    culture. We have not learned yet how to think in terms of the market , wholesale trade, and financial levers. Besides, many leaders have a dearth of the...practical financially-backed measures to bring about the recovery of the commodity market . Top priority should be given to boosting the output of...ministry’s coattails as long as a free domestic market of material and technical resources does not firm up and financial shortages are not eliminated. But

  2. 17 CFR 255.7 - Limitations on permitted proprietary trading activities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... proprietary trading activities. 255.7 Section 255.7 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) PROPRIETARY TRADING AND CERTAIN INTERESTS IN AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH COVERED FUNDS Proprietary Trading § 255.7 Limitations on permitted proprietary trading activities. (a) No transaction, class...

  3. An Emerging Role for Numerical Modelling in Wildfire Behavior Research: Explorations, Explanations, and Hypothesis Development

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Linn, R.; Winterkamp, J.; Canfield, J.; Sauer, J.; Dupuy, J. L.; Finney, M.; Hoffman, C.; Parsons, R.; Pimont, F.; Sieg, C.; Forthofer, J.

    2014-12-01

    The human capacity for altering the water cycle has been well documented and given the expected change due to population, income growth, biofuels, climate, and associated land use change, there remains great uncertainty in both the degree of increased pressure on land and water resources and in our ability to adapt to these changes. Alleviating regional shortages in water supply can be carried out in a spatial hierarchy through i) direct trade of water between all regions, ii) development of infrastructure to improve water availability within regions (e.g. impounding rivers), iii) via inter-basin hydrological transfer between neighboring regions and, iv) via virtual water trade. These adaptation strategies can be managed via market trade in water and commodities to identify those strategies most likely to be adopted. This work combines the physically-based University of New Hampshire Water Balance Model (WBM) with the macro-scale Purdue University Simplified International Model of agricultural Prices Land use and the Environment (SIMPLE) to explore the interaction of supply and demand for fresh water globally. In this work we use a newly developed grid cell-based version of SIMPLE to achieve a more direct connection between the two modeling paradigms of physically-based models with optimization-driven approaches characteristic of economic models. We explore questions related to the global and regional impact of water scarcity and water surplus on the ability of regions to adapt to future change. Allowing for a variety of adaptation strategies such as direct trade of water and expanding the built water infrastructure, as well as indirect trade in commodities, will reduce overall global water stress and, in some regions, significantly reduce their vulnerability to these future changes.

  4. 17 CFR 3.3 - Chief compliance officer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Chief compliance officer. 3.3 Section 3.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGISTRATION Registration § 3.3 Chief compliance officer. (a) Designation. Each futures commission merchant, swap dealer...

  5. 17 CFR 3.3 - Chief compliance officer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Chief compliance officer. 3.3 Section 3.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGISTRATION Registration § 3.3 Chief compliance officer. (a) Designation. Each futures commission merchant, swap dealer...

  6. 17 CFR 23.403-23.409 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false [Reserved] 23.403-23.409 Section 23.403-23.409 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DEALERS... Dealing With Counterparties, Including Special Entities §§ 23.403-23.409 [Reserved] ...

  7. 17 CFR 23.23-23.40 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false [Reserved] 23.23-23.40 Section 23.23-23.40 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DEALERS AND MAJOR SWAP PARTICIPANTS Registration §§ 23.23-23.40 [Reserved] ...

  8. 17 CFR 23.1-23.20 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false [Reserved] 23.1-23.20 Section 23.1-23.20 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DEALERS AND MAJOR SWAP PARTICIPANTS Reserved §§ 23.1-23.20 [Reserved] ...

  9. 17 CFR 23.23-23.40 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false [Reserved] 23.23-23.40 Section 23.23-23.40 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DEALERS AND MAJOR SWAP PARTICIPANTS Registration §§ 23.23-23.40 [Reserved] ...

  10. 17 CFR 23.23-23.40 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false [Reserved] 23.23-23.40 Section 23.23-23.40 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DEALERS AND MAJOR SWAP PARTICIPANTS Registration §§ 23.23-23.40 [Reserved] ...

  11. 17 CFR 23.411-23.429 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false [Reserved] 23.411-23.429 Section 23.411-23.429 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DEALERS... Dealing With Counterparties, Including Special Entities §§ 23.411-23.429 [Reserved] ...

  12. 17 CFR 23.441-23.449 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false [Reserved] 23.441-23.449 Section 23.441-23.449 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DEALERS... Dealing With Counterparties, Including Special Entities §§ 23.441-23.449 [Reserved] ...

  13. 17 CFR 23.435-23.439 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false [Reserved] 23.435-23.439 Section 23.435-23.439 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DEALERS... Dealing With Counterparties, Including Special Entities §§ 23.435-23.439 [Reserved] ...

  14. 17 CFR 8.25 - Member responsibility actions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Member responsibility actions. 8.25 Section 8.25 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION EXCHANGE... subject to its jurisdiction upon a reasonable belief that such immediate action is necessary to protect...

  15. 17 CFR 8.25 - Member responsibility actions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Member responsibility actions. 8.25 Section 8.25 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION EXCHANGE... subject to its jurisdiction upon a reasonable belief that such immediate action is necessary to protect...

  16. 17 CFR 8.25 - Member responsibility actions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Member responsibility actions. 8.25 Section 8.25 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION EXCHANGE... subject to its jurisdiction upon a reasonable belief that such immediate action is necessary to protect...

  17. 17 CFR 14.5 - Criminal conviction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Criminal conviction. 14.5 Section 14.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES RELATING TO... felony or of a misdemeanor involving fraud or involving moral turpitude in matters related to the...

  18. 17 CFR 162.10-162.20 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false [Reserved] 162.10-162.20 Section 162.10-162.20 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION (CONTINUED) PROTECTION OF CONSUMER INFORMATION UNDER THE FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT Business Affiliate Marketing Rules...

  19. 17 CFR 3.43 - Relationship to registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Relationship to registration. 3.43 Section 3.43 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGISTRATION Temporary Licenses § 3.43 Relationship to registration. (a) A temporary license shall not be...

  20. 17 CFR 3.47 - Relationship to registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Relationship to registration. 3.47 Section 3.47 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGISTRATION Temporary Licenses § 3.47 Relationship to registration. (a) A temporary license shall not be...

  1. 17 CFR 5.21 - Supervision.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Supervision. 5.21 Section 5.21 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.21 Supervision. Each Commission registrant subject to this part 5, except an associated person...

  2. 17 CFR 5.21 - Supervision.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Supervision. 5.21 Section 5.21 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.21 Supervision. Each Commission registrant subject to this part 5, except an associated person...

  3. 17 CFR 5.21 - Supervision.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Supervision. 5.21 Section 5.21 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.21 Supervision. Each Commission registrant subject to this part 5, except an associated person...

  4. 17 CFR 5.2 - Prohibited transactions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Prohibited transactions. 5.2 Section 5.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.2 Prohibited transactions. (a) Scope. The provisions of this section shall be...

  5. 17 CFR 5.15 - Unlawful representations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Unlawful representations. 5.15 Section 5.15 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.15 Unlawful representations. It shall be unlawful for any person registered...

  6. 17 CFR 5.21 - Supervision.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Supervision. 5.21 Section 5.21 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.21 Supervision. Each Commission registrant subject to this part 5, except an associated person...

  7. 17 CFR 5.22 - Registered futures association membership.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Registered futures association membership. 5.22 Section 5.22 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.22 Registered futures association membership. (a) Each person...

  8. 17 CFR 40.7 - Delegations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Delegations. 40.7 Section 40.7 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION PROVISIONS COMMON TO REGISTERED ENTITIES § 40.7 Delegations. (a) Procedural matters—(1) Review of products or rules. The Commission hereby...

  9. 17 CFR 8.11 - Notice of charges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Notice of charges. 8.11 Section 8.11 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION EXCHANGE PROCEDURES FOR DISCIPLINARY, SUMMARY, AND MEMBERSHIP DENIAL ACTIONS Disciplinary Procedure § 8.11 Notice of...

  10. 17 CFR 8.28 - Final decision.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Final decision. 8.28 Section 8.28 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION EXCHANGE PROCEDURES FOR DISCIPLINARY, SUMMARY, AND MEMBERSHIP DENIAL ACTIONS Summary Actions § 8.28 Final decision. Each exchange shall...

  11. 17 CFR 8.13 - Answer to charges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Answer to charges. 8.13 Section 8.13 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION EXCHANGE PROCEDURES FOR DISCIPLINARY, SUMMARY, AND MEMBERSHIP DENIAL ACTIONS Disciplinary Procedure § 8.13 Answer to...

  12. 17 CFR 9.23 - Answering brief.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Answering brief. 9.23 Section 9.23 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES RELATING TO REVIEW OF EXCHANGE DISCIPLINARY, ACCESS DENIAL OR OTHER ADVERSE ACTIONS Initial Procedure With Respect to...

  13. 17 CFR 41.21 - Requirements for underlying securities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Requirements for underlying securities. 41.21 Section 41.21 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SECURITY FUTURES PRODUCTS Requirements and Standards for Listing Security Futures Products § 41.21...

  14. 17 CFR 39.1 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Scope. 39.1 Section 39.1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES CLEARING ORGANIZATIONS § 39.1 Scope. The provisions of this part apply to any derivatives clearing organization as defined...

  15. Demand-driven energy requirement of world economy 2007: A multi-region input-output network simulation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Zhan-Ming; Chen, G. Q.

    2013-07-01

    This study presents a network simulation of the global embodied energy flows in 2007 based on a multi-region input-output model. The world economy is portrayed as a 6384-node network and the energy interactions between any two nodes are calculated and analyzed. According to the results, about 70% of the world's direct energy input is invested in resource, heavy manufacture, and transportation sectors which provide only 30% of the embodied energy to satisfy final demand. By contrast, non-transportation services sectors contribute to 24% of the world's demand-driven energy requirement with only 6% of the direct energy input. Commodity trade is shown to be an important alternative to fuel trade in redistributing energy, as international commodity flows embody 1.74E + 20 J of energy in magnitude up to 89% of the traded fuels. China is the largest embodied energy exporter with a net export of 3.26E + 19 J, in contrast to the United States as the largest importer with a net import of 2.50E + 19 J. The recent economic fluctuations following the financial crisis accelerate the relative expansions of energy requirement by developing countries, as a consequence China will take over the place of the United States as the world's top demand-driven energy consumer in 2022 and India will become the third largest in 2015.

  16. 17 CFR 1.1 - Fraud in or in connection with transactions in foreign currency subject to the Commodity Exchange...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Fraud in or in connection with... Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Definitions § 1.1 Fraud in or in connection with transactions in foreign currency subject to the...

  17. 17 CFR 14.3 - Hearings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Hearings. 14.3 Section 14.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES RELATING TO SUSPENSION OR DISBARMENT FROM APPEARANCE AND PRACTICE § 14.3 Hearings. Hearings required or permitted to be held under...

  18. 17 CFR 1.28 - Appraisal of instruments purchased with customer funds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... purchased with customer funds. 1.28 Section 1.28 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Customers' Money, Securities, and Property § 1.28 Appraisal of instruments purchased with customer funds. Futures commission merchants who...

  19. 17 CFR 1.26 - Deposit of instruments purchased with customer funds.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... purchased with customer funds. 1.26 Section 1.26 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION GENERAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Customers' Money, Securities, and Property § 1.26 Deposit of instruments purchased with customer funds. (a) Each futures commission merchant...

  20. 17 CFR 12.300 - Scope and applicability of rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Scope and applicability of rules. 12.300 Section 12.300 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES RELATING TO REPARATIONS Rules Applicable to Formal Decisional Proceedings § 12.300 Scope and...

  1. 17 CFR 10.42 - Discovery.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Discovery. 10.42 Section 10.42 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES OF PRACTICE Prehearing... legal theories upon which it will rely; (iii) The identity, and the city and state of residence, of each...

  2. 17 CFR 10.42 - Discovery.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Discovery. 10.42 Section 10.42 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES OF PRACTICE Prehearing... legal theories upon which it will rely; (iii) The identity, and the city and state of residence, of each...

  3. 17 CFR 10.42 - Discovery.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Discovery. 10.42 Section 10.42 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES OF PRACTICE Prehearing... legal theories upon which it will rely; (iii) The identity, and the city and state of residence, of each...

  4. 17 CFR 10.42 - Discovery.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Discovery. 10.42 Section 10.42 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES OF PRACTICE Prehearing... legal theories upon which it will rely; (iii) The identity, and the city and state of residence, of each...

  5. 17 CFR 162.10-162.20 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false [Reserved] 162.10-162.20 Section 162.10-162.20 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION PROTECTION OF CONSUMER INFORMATION UNDER THE FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT Business Affiliate Marketing Rules §§ 162...

  6. 17 CFR 162.10-162.20 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false [Reserved] 162.10-162.20 Section 162.10-162.20 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION PROTECTION OF CONSUMER INFORMATION UNDER THE FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT Business Affiliate Marketing Rules §§ 162...

  7. 17 CFR 11.7 - Rights of witnesses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Rights of witnesses. 11.7 Section 11.7 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES RELATING TO... Counsel, an Associate Director, or a Regional Counsel of the Division of Enforcement, or a Regional...

  8. 17 CFR 5.16 - Prohibition of guarantees against loss.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Prohibition of guarantees against loss. 5.16 Section 5.16 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.16 Prohibition of guarantees against loss. (a) No...

  9. 17 CFR 15.03 - Reporting levels.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Reporting levels. 15.03 Section 15.03 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REPORTS-GENERAL... $10.00 if in the money upon expiration. Major foreign currency is the currency, and the cross-rates...

  10. 17 CFR 49.6 - Registration of successor entities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Registration of successor entities. 49.6 Section 49.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DATA REPOSITORIES § 49.6 Registration of successor entities. (a) In the event of a corporate...

  11. 17 CFR 49.6 - Registration of successor entities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Registration of successor entities. 49.6 Section 49.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DATA REPOSITORIES § 49.6 Registration of successor entities. (a) In the event of a corporate...

  12. 17 CFR 160.8 - Revised privacy notices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Revised privacy notices. 160.8 Section 160.8 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION (CONTINUED) PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION UNDER TITLE V OF THE GRAMM-LEACH-BLILEY ACT Privacy and Opt Out...

  13. 17 CFR 171.3 - Business address; hours.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Business address; hours. 171.3 Section 171.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES RELATING TO... MEMBER RESPONSIBILITY ACTIONS General Provisions § 171.3 Business address; hours. The principal office of...

  14. 17 CFR 12.3 - Business address; hours.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Business address; hours. 12.3 Section 12.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES RELATING TO REPARATIONS General Information and Preliminary Consideration of Pleadings § 12.3 Business address; hours. The...

  15. 17 CFR 12.3 - Business address; hours.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Business address; hours. 12.3 Section 12.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES RELATING TO REPARATIONS General Information and Preliminary Consideration of Pleadings § 12.3 Business address; hours. The...

  16. 17 CFR 171.3 - Business address; hours.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Business address; hours. 171.3 Section 171.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES RELATING TO... MEMBER RESPONSIBILITY ACTIONS General Provisions § 171.3 Business address; hours. The principal office of...

  17. 17 CFR 12.3 - Business address; hours.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Business address; hours. 12.3 Section 12.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES RELATING TO REPARATIONS General Information and Preliminary Consideration of Pleadings § 12.3 Business address; hours. The...

  18. 17 CFR 166.5 - Dispute settlement procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Dispute settlement procedures. 166.5 Section 166.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION CUSTOMER PROTECTION RULES § 166.5 Dispute settlement procedures. (a) Definitions. (1) The term claim or grievance as...

  19. 17 CFR 166.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 166.1 Section 166.1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION CUSTOMER PROTECTION RULES § 166.1 Definitions. (a) The term Commission registrant as used in this part means any person who is...

  20. 17 CFR 166.4 - Branch offices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Branch offices. 166.4 Section 166.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION CUSTOMER PROTECTION RULES § 166.4 Branch offices. Each branch office of each Commission registrant must use the name of the...

  1. 17 CFR 9.21 - Record of exchange proceeding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Record of exchange proceeding. 9.21 Section 9.21 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES RELATING TO REVIEW OF EXCHANGE DISCIPLINARY, ACCESS DENIAL OR OTHER ADVERSE ACTIONS Initial Procedure With...

  2. 17 CFR 37.8 - Information relating to transactions on derivatives transaction execution facilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Information relating to transactions on derivatives transaction execution facilities. 37.8 Section 37.8 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION DERIVATIVES TRANSACTION EXECUTION FACILITIES § 37.8...

  3. 17 CFR 41.24 - Rule amendments to security futures products.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... rule amendment relating to a security futures product if the registered derivatives transaction... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Rule amendments to security futures products. 41.24 Section 41.24 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING...

  4. 17 CFR 40.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Definitions. 40.1 Section 40.1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION PROVISIONS COMMON TO REGISTERED ENTITIES § 40.1 Definitions. As used in this part: (a) Business day means the intraday period of time...

  5. 17 CFR 12.3 - Business address; hours.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Business address; hours. 12.3 Section 12.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES RELATING TO REPARATIONS General Information and Preliminary Consideration of Pleadings § 12.3 Business address; hours. The...

  6. 17 CFR 171.3 - Business address; hours.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Business address; hours. 171.3 Section 171.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES RELATING TO... MEMBER RESPONSIBILITY ACTIONS General Provisions § 171.3 Business address; hours. The principal office of...

  7. 17 CFR 4.34 - General disclosures required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... the commodity trading advisor may engage in retail forex transactions pursuant to the offered trading... retail forex transactions, if any). (h) Trading program. A description of the trading program, which must... forex transactions (as defined in § 5.1(m) of this chapter), the trading advisor must explain how such...

  8. Modeling the rejection probability in plant imports.

    PubMed

    Surkov, I V; van der Werf, W; van Kooten, O; Lansink, A G J M Oude

    2008-06-01

    Phytosanitary inspection of imported plants and flowers is a major means for preventing pest invasions through international trade, but in a majority of countries availability of resources prevents inspection of all imports. Prediction of the likelihood of pest infestation in imported shipments could help maximize the efficiency of inspection by targeting inspection on shipments with the highest likelihood of infestation. This paper applies a multinomial logistic (MNL) regression model to data on import inspections of ornamental plant commodities in the Netherlands from 1998 to 2001 to investigate whether it is possible to predict the probability that a shipment will be (i) accepted for import, (ii) rejected for import because of detected pests, or (iii) rejected due to other reasons. Four models were estimated: (i) an all-species model, including all plant imports (136,251 shipments) in the data set, (ii) a four-species model, including records on the four ornamental commodities that accounted for 28.9% of inspected and 49.5% of rejected shipments, and two models for single commodities with large import volumes and percentages of rejections, (iii) Dianthus (16.9% of inspected and 46.3% of rejected shipments), and (iv) Chrysanthemum (6.9 and 8.6%, respectively). All models were highly significant (P < 0.001). The models for Dianthus and Chrysanthemum and for the set of four ornamental commodities showed a better fit to data than the model for all ornamental commodities. Variables that characterized the imported shipment's region of origin, the shipment's size, the company that imported the shipment, and season and year of import, were significant in most of the estimated models. The combined results of this study suggest that the MNL model can be a useful tool for modeling the probability of rejecting imported commodities even with a small set of explanatory variables. The MNL model can be helpful in better targeting of resources for import inspection. The inspecting agencies could enable development of these models by appropriately recording inspection results.

  9. 78 FR 21045 - Confirmation, Portfolio Reconciliation, Portfolio Compression, and Swap Trading Relationship...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-09

    ... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 23 RIN 3038-AC96 Confirmation, Portfolio Reconciliation, Portfolio Compression, and Swap Trading Relationship Documentation Requirements for Swap Dealers..., portfolio compression, and swap trading relationship documentation for Swap Dealers and Major Swap...

  10. 17 CFR 8.12 - Right to representation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Section 8.12 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION EXCHANGE PROCEDURES FOR DISCIPLINARY, SUMMARY, AND MEMBERSHIP DENIAL ACTIONS Disciplinary Procedure § 8.12 Right to... disciplinary proceeding. ...

  11. 17 CFR 141.5 - Hearing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Hearing. 141.5 Section 141.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SALARY OFFSET § 141.5 Hearing. (a) Request for hearing. (1) An employee must file a petition for a hearing in accordance with the...

  12. 17 CFR 49.17 - Access to SDR data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Access to SDR data. 49.17 Section 49.17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DATA REPOSITORIES § 49.17 Access to SDR data. (a) Purpose. This Section provides a procedure by which the Commission...

  13. 17 CFR 17.02 - Form, manner and time of filing reports.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Form, manner and time of filing reports. 17.02 Section 17.02 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING... markets located in that time zone, and central time for information concerning all other markets. (b...

  14. 17 CFR 143.7 - Delegation of authority to the Executive Director.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Delegation of authority to the Executive Director. 143.7 Section 143.7 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION COLLECTION OF CLAIMS OWED THE UNITED STATES ARISING FROM ACTIVITIES UNDER THE COMMISSION'S...

  15. 17 CFR 15.02 - Reporting forms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Reporting forms. 15.02 Section 15.02 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REPORTS-GENERAL... Commission or via the Internet (http://www.cftc.gov). Forms to be used for the filing of reports follow, and...

  16. 17 CFR 15.02 - Reporting forms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Reporting forms. 15.02 Section 15.02 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REPORTS-GENERAL... Commission or via the Internet (http://www.cftc.gov). Forms to be used for the filing of reports follow, and...

  17. 17 CFR 15.02 - Reporting forms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Reporting forms. 15.02 Section 15.02 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REPORTS-GENERAL... Commission or via the Internet (http://www.cftc.gov). Forms to be used for the filing of reports follow, and...

  18. 17 CFR 15.02 - Reporting forms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Reporting forms. 15.02 Section 15.02 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REPORTS-GENERAL... Commission or via the Internet (http://www.cftc.gov). Forms to be used for the filing of reports follow, and...

  19. 17 CFR 140.96 - Delegation of authority to publish in the Federal Register.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... publish in the Federal Register. 140.96 Section 140.96 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY... Delegation of authority to publish in the Federal Register. (a) The Commodity Futures Trading Commission... Counsel's designee, the authority to publish in the Federal Register notice of the availability for...

  20. 17 CFR 30.11 - Applicability of state law.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Applicability of state law. 30.11 Section 30.11 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION FOREIGN FUTURES AND FOREIGN OPTIONS TRANSACTIONS § 30.11 Applicability of state law. Pursuant to section 12(e)(2...

  1. 17 CFR 5.8 - Aggregate retail forex assets.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Aggregate retail forex assets. 5.8 Section 5.8 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.8 Aggregate retail forex assets. (a) Each retail foreign exchange dealer...

  2. 17 CFR 5.10 - Risk assessment recordkeeping requirements for retail foreign exchange dealers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Risk assessment recordkeeping requirements for retail foreign exchange dealers. 5.10 Section 5.10 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.10 Risk assessment...

  3. 17 CFR 5.11 - Risk assessment reporting requirements for retail foreign exchange dealers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Risk assessment reporting requirements for retail foreign exchange dealers. 5.11 Section 5.11 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.11 Risk assessment...

  4. 17 CFR 5.24 - Applicability of other parts of this chapter

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Applicability of other parts of this chapter 5.24 Section 5.24 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.24 Applicability of other parts of this chapter...

  5. 17 CFR 5.9 - Security deposits for retail forex transactions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Security deposits for retail forex transactions. 5.9 Section 5.9 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.9 Security deposits for retail forex transactions...

  6. 17 CFR 5.20 - Special calls for account and transaction information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Special calls for account and transaction information. 5.20 Section 5.20 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.20 Special calls for account and transaction...

  7. 17 CFR 5.12 - Financial reports of retail foreign exchange dealers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Financial reports of retail foreign exchange dealers. 5.12 Section 5.12 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.12 Financial reports of retail foreign exchange...

  8. 17 CFR 5.25 - Applicability of the Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Applicability of the Act. 5.25 Section 5.25 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.25 Applicability of the Act. Except as otherwise specified in this part and...

  9. 17 CFR 5.3 - Registration of persons engaged in retail forex transactions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Registration of persons engaged in retail forex transactions. 5.3 Section 5.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.3 Registration of persons engaged in...

  10. 17 CFR 5.23 - Notice of bulk transfers and bulk liquidations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Notice of bulk transfers and bulk liquidations. 5.23 Section 5.23 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFF-EXCHANGE FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS § 5.23 Notice of bulk transfers and bulk liquidations...

  11. 17 CFR 171.4 - Computation of time.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Computation of time. 171.4 Section 171.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES RELATING TO... computing any period of time prescribed by these rules or allowed by the Commission, the day of the act...

  12. 17 CFR 12.5 - Computation of time.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Computation of time. 12.5 Section 12.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES RELATING TO... general. In computing any period of time prescribed by these rules or allowed by the Commission, the...

  13. 17 CFR 171.33 - Final decision by the Commission.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Final decision by the Commission. 171.33 Section 171.33 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION... substantially correct and that none of the arguments on appeal made by the appellant raise important questions...

  14. 17 CFR 9.33 - Final decision by the Commission.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Final decision by the Commission. 9.33 Section 9.33 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES... appellant raise important questions of law or policy, the Commission may, by appropriate order, summarily...

  15. 76 FR 49291 - Agricultural Swaps

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-10

    ...) Pursuant to Section 4(c) of the Commodity Exchange Act, Permitting the Kansas City Board of Trade Clearing Corporation To Clear Over-the-Counter Wheat Calendar Swaps and (2) Pursuant to Section 4d of the Commodity... businesses that produce, process, and merchandize energy commodities at retail and wholesale levels; National...

  16. 17 CFR 49.6 - Registration of successor entities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Registration of successor entities. 49.6 Section 49.6 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SWAP DATA REPOSITORIES § 49.6 Registration of successor entities. (a) In the event of a corporate...

  17. 17 CFR 1.4 - Use of electronic signatures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Use of electronic signatures... REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Definitions § 1.4 Use of electronic signatures. For purposes of... pool participant or a client of a commodity trading advisor, an electronic signature executed by the...

  18. 17 CFR 1.4 - Use of electronic signatures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Use of electronic signatures... REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Definitions § 1.4 Use of electronic signatures. For purposes of... broker, a pool participant or a client of a commodity trading advisor, an electronic signature executed...

  19. 17 CFR 1.4 - Use of electronic signatures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Use of electronic signatures... REGULATIONS UNDER THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACT Definitions § 1.4 Use of electronic signatures. For purposes of... pool participant or a client of a commodity trading advisor, an electronic signature executed by the...

  20. 17 CFR 160.8 - Revised privacy notices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Revised privacy notices. 160.8 Section 160.8 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 160.8 Revised privacy notices. (a) General rule. Except...

  1. 17 CFR 160.8 - Revised privacy notices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Revised privacy notices. 160.8 Section 160.8 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION UNDER TITLE V OF THE GRAMM-LEACH-BLILEY ACT Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 160.8...

  2. 17 CFR 160.8 - Revised privacy notices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Revised privacy notices. 160.8 Section 160.8 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION UNDER TITLE V OF THE GRAMM-LEACH-BLILEY ACT Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 160.8...

  3. 17 CFR 160.8 - Revised privacy notices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Revised privacy notices. 160.8 Section 160.8 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 160.8 Revised privacy notices. (a) General rule. Except...

  4. 17 CFR 10.4 - Business address; hours.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Business address; hours. 10.4 Section 10.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES OF PRACTICE General Provisions § 10.4 Business address; hours. The Office of Proceedings is located at Three Lafayette...

  5. 17 CFR 10.4 - Business address; hours.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Business address; hours. 10.4 Section 10.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES OF PRACTICE General Provisions § 10.4 Business address; hours. The Office of Proceedings is located at Three Lafayette...

  6. 17 CFR 10.4 - Business address; hours.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Business address; hours. 10.4 Section 10.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES OF PRACTICE General Provisions § 10.4 Business address; hours. The Office of Proceedings is located at Three Lafayette...

  7. 17 CFR 10.65 - Record of hearing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Record of hearing. 10.65 Section 10.65 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES OF PRACTICE Hearings § 10.65 Record of hearing. (a) Reporting and transcription. Hearings for the purpose of taking...

  8. 17 CFR 10.65 - Record of hearing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Record of hearing. 10.65 Section 10.65 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES OF PRACTICE Hearings § 10.65 Record of hearing. (a) Reporting and transcription. Hearings for the purpose of taking...

  9. 17 CFR 141.8 - Procedures for salary offset.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Procedures for salary offset. 141.8 Section 141.8 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SALARY OFFSET § 141.8 Procedures for salary offset. (a) Deductions to liquidate an employee's debt will be by...

  10. 17 CFR 42.2 - Compliance with Bank Secrecy Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Compliance with Bank Secrecy Act. 42.2 Section 42.2 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING, TERRORIST FINANCING General Provisions § 42.2 Compliance with Bank Secrecy Act. Every...

  11. 17 CFR 9.27-9.29 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false [Reserved] 9.27-9.29 Section 9.27-9.29 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES RELATING TO REVIEW OF EXCHANGE DISCIPLINARY, ACCESS DENIAL OR OTHER ADVERSE ACTIONS Initial Procedure With Respect to...

  12. 17 CFR 9.26 - Participation of Commission staff.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Participation of Commission staff. 9.26 Section 9.26 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES... Respect to Appeals § 9.26 Participation of Commission staff. Within twenty days after receipt of the...

  13. 17 CFR 9.26 - Participation of Commission staff.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Participation of Commission staff. 9.26 Section 9.26 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES... Respect to Appeals § 9.26 Participation of Commission staff. Within twenty days after receipt of the...

  14. 17 CFR 9.26 - Participation of Commission staff.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Participation of Commission staff. 9.26 Section 9.26 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES... Respect to Appeals § 9.26 Participation of Commission staff. Within twenty days after receipt of the...

  15. 17 CFR 9.26 - Participation of Commission staff.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Participation of Commission staff. 9.26 Section 9.26 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES... Respect to Appeals § 9.26 Participation of Commission staff. Within twenty days after receipt of the...

  16. 17 CFR 9.26 - Participation of Commission staff.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Participation of Commission staff. 9.26 Section 9.26 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES... Respect to Appeals § 9.26 Participation of Commission staff. Within twenty days after receipt of the...

  17. 17 CFR 9.13 - Publication of notice.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Publication of notice. 9.13 Section 9.13 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES RELATING TO... Disciplinary Action or Access Denial Action § 9.13 Publication of notice. Whenever an exchange suspends, expels...

  18. 17 CFR 10.4 - Business address; hours.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Business address; hours. 10.4 Section 10.4 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RULES OF PRACTICE General Provisions § 10.4 Business address; hours. The Office of Proceedings is located at Three Lafayette...

  19. Profitability of Using Forecasting Techniques in the Commodities Market

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-12-01

    12 II. THE NATURE OF THE COMMODITIES MARKET . . . . . 13 A. FUTURES TRADING . . . . ...... . . . . . 13 B. HEDGING IN THE COMMODITIES...1984 WHEAT ........ . . . ............... . 74 j7 4’ -- S . LIST OF FIGURES 2.1 Example of a Perfect Hedge . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.1 Iterative...actually results in a commodity delivery [Ref. 31. The majority of these transactions are * taken up by hedgers and speculators. B. HEDGING IN THE

  20. Global flows of critical metals necessary for low-carbon technologies: the case of neodymium, cobalt, and platinum.

    PubMed

    Nansai, Keisuke; Nakajima, Kenichi; Kagawa, Shigemi; Kondo, Yasushi; Suh, Sangwon; Shigetomi, Yosuke; Oshita, Yuko

    2014-01-01

    This study, encompassing 231 countries and regions, quantifies the global transfer of three critical metals (neodymium, cobalt, and platinum) considered vital for low-carbon technologies by means of material flow analysis (MFA), using trade data (BACI) and the metal contents of trade commodities, resolving the optimization problem to ensure the material balance of the metals within each country and region. The study shows that in 2005 international trade led to global flows of 18.6 kt of neodymium, 154 kt of cobalt, and 402 t of platinum and identifies the main commodities and top 50 bilateral trade links embodying these metals. To explore the issue of consumption efficiency, the flows were characterized according to the technological level of each country or region and divided into three types: green ("efficient use"), yellow ("moderately efficient use"), and red ("inefficient use"). On this basis, the shares of green, yellow, and red flows in the aggregate global flow of Nd were found to be 1.2%, 98%, and 1.2%, respectively. For Co, the respective figures are 53%, 28%, and 19%, and for Pt 15%, 84%, and 0.87%. Furthermore, a simple indicator focusing on the composition of the three colored flows for each commodity was developed to identify trade commodities that should be prioritized for urgent technical improvement to reduce wasteful use of the metals. Based on the indicator, we discuss logical, strategic identification of the responsibilities and roles of the countries involved in the global flows.

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