Flexible ferroelectric element based on van der Waals heteroepitaxy.

PubMed

Jiang, Jie; Bitla, Yugandhar; Huang, Chun-Wei; Do, Thi Hien; Liu, Heng-Jui; Hsieh, Ying-Hui; Ma, Chun-Hao; Jang, Chi-Yuan; Lai, Yu-Hong; Chiu, Po-Wen; Wu, Wen-Wei; Chen, Yi-Chun; Zhou, Yi-Chun; Chu, Ying-Hao

2017-06-01

We present a promising technology for nonvolatile flexible electronic devices: A direct fabrication of epitaxial lead zirconium titanate (PZT) on flexible mica substrate via van der Waals epitaxy. These single-crystalline flexible ferroelectric PZT films not only retain their performance, reliability, and thermal stability comparable to those on rigid counterparts in tests of nonvolatile memory elements but also exhibit remarkable mechanical properties with robust operation in bent states (bending radii down to 2.5 mm) and cycling tests (1000 times). This study marks the technological advancement toward realizing much-awaited flexible yet single-crystalline nonvolatile electronic devices for the design and development of flexible, lightweight, and next-generation smart devices with potential applications in electronics, robotics, automotive, health care, industrial, and military systems.

Flexible ferroelectric element based on van der Waals heteroepitaxy

PubMed Central

Jiang, Jie; Bitla, Yugandhar; Huang, Chun-Wei; Do, Thi Hien; Liu, Heng-Jui; Hsieh, Ying-Hui; Ma, Chun-Hao; Jang, Chi-Yuan; Lai, Yu-Hong; Chiu, Po-Wen; Wu, Wen-Wei; Chen, Yi-Chun; Zhou, Yi-Chun; Chu, Ying-Hao

2017-01-01

We present a promising technology for nonvolatile flexible electronic devices: A direct fabrication of epitaxial lead zirconium titanate (PZT) on flexible mica substrate via van der Waals epitaxy. These single-crystalline flexible ferroelectric PZT films not only retain their performance, reliability, and thermal stability comparable to those on rigid counterparts in tests of nonvolatile memory elements but also exhibit remarkable mechanical properties with robust operation in bent states (bending radii down to 2.5 mm) and cycling tests (1000 times). This study marks the technological advancement toward realizing much-awaited flexible yet single-crystalline nonvolatile electronic devices for the design and development of flexible, lightweight, and next-generation smart devices with potential applications in electronics, robotics, automotive, health care, industrial, and military systems. PMID:28630922

Bottom-up Design of Three-Dimensional Carbon-Honeycomb with Superb Specific Strength and High Thermal Conductivity.

PubMed

Pang, Zhenqian; Gu, Xiaokun; Wei, Yujie; Yang, Ronggui; Dresselhaus, Mildred S

2017-01-11

Low-dimensional carbon allotropes, from fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, to graphene, have been broadly explored due to their outstanding and special properties. However, there exist significant challenges in retaining such properties of basic building blocks when scaling them up to three-dimensional materials and structures for many technological applications. Here we show theoretically the atomistic structure of a stable three-dimensional carbon honeycomb (C-honeycomb) structure with superb mechanical and thermal properties. A combination of sp 2 bonding in the wall and sp 3 bonding in the triple junction of C-honeycomb is the key to retain the stability of C-honeycomb. The specific strength could be the best in structural carbon materials, and this strength remains at a high level but tunable with different cell sizes. C-honeycomb is also found to have a very high thermal conductivity, for example, >100 W/mK along the axis of the hexagonal cell with a density only ∼0.4 g/cm 3 . Because of the low density and high thermal conductivity, the specific thermal conductivity of C-honeycombs is larger than most engineering materials, including metals and high thermal conductivity semiconductors, as well as lightweight CNT arrays and graphene-based nanocomposites. Such high specific strength, high thermal conductivity, and anomalous Poisson's effect in C-honeycomb render it appealing for the use in various engineering practices.

78 FR 49780 - Notice of Intent To Grant Exclusive License

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-15

... ``Aerogel/Polymer Composite Materials;'' U.S. Patent No. 7,309,738; NASA Case No. KSC-12697 entitled ``Approach for Achieving Flame Retardancy While Retaining Physical Properties in a Compatible Polymer Matrix... Retaining Physical Properties in a Compatible Polymer Matrix;'' to AeroPlastic LP, having its principal...

The effect of prior sandblasting of the wire on the shear bond strength of two different types of lingual retainers.

PubMed

Kilinç, Delal Dara; Sayar, Gülşilay

2018-04-07

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of total surface sandblasting on the shear bond strength of two different retainer wires. The null hypothesis was that there is no difference in the bond strength of the two types of lingual retainer wires when they are sandblasted. One hundred and sixty human premolar teeth were equally divided into four groups (n=40). A pair of teeth was embedded in self-curing acrylic resin and polished. Retainer wires were applied on the etched and rinsed surfaces of the teeth. Four retainers were used: group 1: braided retainer (0.010×0.028″, Ortho Technology); group 2: sandblasted braided retainer (0.010×0.028″, Ortho Technology); group 3: coaxial retainer (0.0215″ Coaxial, 3M) and group 4: sandblasted coaxial retainer (0.0215″ Coaxial, 3M). The specimens were tested using a universal test machine in shear mode with a crosshead speed of one mm/min. One-way analysis of variance (Anova) was used to determine the significant differences among the groups. There was no significant difference (P=0.117) among the groups according to this test. The null hypothesis was accepted. There was no statistically significant difference among the shear bond strength values of the four groups. Copyright © 2018 CEO. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Effect of austempering temperature and time on mechanical properties of SAE 9260 steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dalwatkar, Ranjit; Prabhu, N.; Singh, R. K. P.

2018-04-01

This work describes the effect of austempering heat treatment on microstrcuture and mechanical properties of SAE 9260 steel. Steel samples, austenitized at 900 °C for one hour, were isothermally heat treated in the temperature range 300,325 and 350 °C for different times. Microstructural characterization was carried out using optical and scanning electron microscopes. The microstructure of the austempered samples consisted of bainitic ferrite and retained austenite. The volume fraction of retained austenite was determined using X-ray diffraction. Isothermal heat treatment at 350 °C for 20 min, resulted in a retained austenite content of around 38% in the microstructure. Increase in isothermal transformation temperature led to an increase in the fraction of retained austenite. Also, good combination of strength and ductility was obtained in the samples with increased amounts of retained austenite.

Mechanical Properties of TRIP Steel Microalloyed with Ti

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krizan, Daniel; De Cooman, Bruno C.

2014-07-01

The precipitation state, microstructure, retained austenite stability, and mechanical properties of cold-rolled Ti-microalloyed CMnAlSiP TRIP steel were investigated. The precipitation state was analyzed in each processing step by means of transmission electron microscopy, chemical analysis using the anodic dissolution method, and by model calculations. Ti additions refined the microstructure mainly by the pinning of austenite and ferrite grain boundaries by various Ti-containing precipitates. Ti additions also resulted in a refinement of the size of the retained austenite islands and caused a slight decrease of the volume fraction and carbon content of the retained austenite. The morphology of the retained austenite was also changed and the stability of the retained austenite decreased, but Ti addition still resulted in an adequate strength-ductility balance and a tensile strength close to 1 GPa.

An Improvement of Robust and Efficient Biometrics Based Password Authentication Scheme for Telecare Medicine Information Systems Using Extended Chaotic Maps.

PubMed

Moon, Jongho; Choi, Younsung; Kim, Jiye; Won, Dongho

2016-03-01

Recently, numerous extended chaotic map-based password authentication schemes that employ smart card technology were proposed for Telecare Medical Information Systems (TMISs). In 2015, Lu et al. used Li et al.'s scheme as a basis to propose a password authentication scheme for TMISs that is based on biometrics and smart card technology and employs extended chaotic maps. Lu et al. demonstrated that Li et al.'s scheme comprises some weaknesses such as those regarding a violation of the session-key security, a vulnerability to the user impersonation attack, and a lack of local verification. In this paper, however, we show that Lu et al.'s scheme is still insecure with respect to issues such as a violation of the session-key security, and that it is vulnerable to both the outsider attack and the impersonation attack. To overcome these drawbacks, we retain the useful properties of Lu et al.'s scheme to propose a new password authentication scheme that is based on smart card technology and requires the use of chaotic maps. Then, we show that our proposed scheme is more secure and efficient and supports security properties.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cheng, Shiwang; Xie, Shi-Jie; Carrillo, Jan-Michael Y.

Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) are important materials that are widely used in many current technologies and potentially have broader applications in the future due to their excellent property of tunability, light weight and low cost. But, expanding the limits in property enhancement remains a fundamental scientific challenge. We demonstrate that well-dispersed, small (diameter ~1.8 nm) nanoparticles with attractive interactions lead to unexpectedly large and qualitatively new changes in PNC structural dynamics in comparison to conventional composites based on particles of diameter ~10-50 nm. At the same time, the zero-shear viscosity at high temperatures remains comparable to that of the neat polymer,more » thereby retaining good processibility and resolving a major challenge in PNC applications. These results suggest that the nanoparticle mobility and relatively short lifetimes of nanoparticlepolymer associations open qualitatively new horizons in tunability of macroscopic properties in nanocomposites with high potential for the development of new functional materials.« less

UCLA's Molecular Screening Shared Resource: enhancing small molecule discovery with functional genomics and new technology.

PubMed

Damoiseaux, Robert

2014-05-01

The Molecular Screening Shared Resource (MSSR) offers a comprehensive range of leading-edge high throughput screening (HTS) services including drug discovery, chemical and functional genomics, and novel methods for nano and environmental toxicology. The MSSR is an open access environment with investigators from UCLA as well as from the entire globe. Industrial clients are equally welcome as are non-profit entities. The MSSR is a fee-for-service entity and does not retain intellectual property. In conjunction with the Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, the MSSR is unique in its dedicated and ongoing efforts towards high throughput toxicity testing of nanomaterials. In addition, the MSSR engages in technology development eliminating bottlenecks from the HTS workflow and enabling novel assays and readouts currently not available.

Dust Interactions on Small Solar System Bodies and Technology Considerations for Exploration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kobrick, Ryan,; Hoffman, Jeffrey; Pavone, Marco; Street, Kenneth; Rickman, Douglas

2014-01-01

Small-bodies such as asteroids and Mars' moons Phobos and Deimos have relatively unknown regolith environments. It is hypothesized that dust preserved in the regolith on the surfaces will have similar mechanical properties to lunar dust because of similar formation processes from micrometeorite bombardment, low relative gravity for slow settling times, and virtually no weathering because there is no atmosphere. This combination of processes infers that small-body dust particles will be highly angular and retain abrasive properties. The focus of this paper uses the mission architecture and engineering design for an asteroid hopper known as Hedgehog, a spherical spacecraft with several symmetric spikes used to aid with tumbling mobility in a low gravity environment. Dust abrasion considerations are highlighted throughout the paper relating to the lead authors' previous work, but act as an example of one of many important dust or regolith physical properties that need to be considered for future exploration. Measurable regolith properties are summarized in order to identify technologies that may be useful for exploration in terms of scientific return and spacecraft design. Previous instruments are summarized in this paper that could be used on the Hedgehog. Opportunities for hardware payloads are highlighted that include low mass solutions or dualpurpose instruments that can measure regolith or dust properties. Finally, dust mitigation suggestions are made for vehicles of this mobility profile.

EFFECT OF TRITIUM AND DECAY HELIUM ON WELDMENT FRACTURE TOUGHNESS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Morgan, M; Scott West, S; Michael Tosten, M

2006-09-26

The fracture toughness data collected in this study are needed to assess the long-term effects of tritium and its decay product on tritium reservoirs. The results show that tritium and decay helium have negative effects on the fracture toughness properties of stainless steel and its weldments. The data and report from this study has been included in a material property database for use in tritium reservoir modeling efforts like the Technology Investment Program ''Lifecycle Engineering for Tritium Reservoirs''. A number of conclusions can be drawn from the data: (1) For unexposed Type 304L stainless steel, the fracture toughness of weldmentsmore » was two to three times higher than the base metal toughness. (2) Tritium exposure lowered the fracture toughness properties of both base metals and weldments. This was characterized by lower J{sub Q} values and lower J-da curves. (3) Tritium-exposed-and-aged base metals and weldments had lower fracture toughness values than unexposed ones but still retained good toughness properties.« less

36 CFR 1235.14 - May agencies retain records for the conduct of regular agency business after they are eligible...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Administration, Modern Records Programs (NWM), 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001, phone number (301... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false May agencies retain records....14 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION RECORDS...

36 CFR 1235.14 - May agencies retain records for the conduct of regular agency business after they are eligible...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Administration, Modern Records Programs (NWM), 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001, phone number (301... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false May agencies retain records....14 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION RECORDS...

36 CFR 1235.14 - May agencies retain records for the conduct of regular agency business after they are eligible...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Administration, Modern Records Programs (NWM), 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001, phone number (301... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false May agencies retain records....14 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION RECORDS...

36 CFR § 1235.14 - May agencies retain records for the conduct of regular agency business after they are eligible...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Administration, Modern Records Programs (NWM), 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001, phone number (301... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true May agencies retain records...§ 1235.14 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION RECORDS...

Tunability of room-temperature ferromagnetism in spintronic semiconductors through nonmagnetic atoms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leedahl, Brett; Abooalizadeh, Zahra; LeBlanc, Kyle; Moewes, Alexander

2017-07-01

The implementation and control of room-temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) by adding magnetic atoms to a semiconductor's lattice has been one of the most important problems in solid-state physics in the last decade. Herein we report on the mechanism that allows RTFM to be tuned by the inclusion of nonmagnetic aluminum in nickel ferrite. This material, NiFe2 -xAlxO4 (x =0 ,0.5 ,1.5 ), has already shown much promise for magnetic semiconductor technologies, and we are able to add to its versatility technological viability with our results. The site occupancies and valencies of Fe atoms (Fe3 +Td , Fe2 +Oh , and Fe3 +Oh ) can be methodically controlled by including aluminum. Using the fact that aluminum strongly prefers a 3+ octahedral environment, we can selectively fill iron sites with aluminum atoms, and hence specifically tune the magnetic contributions for each of the iron sites, and therefore the bulk material as well. Interestingly, the influence of the aluminum is weak on the electronic structure, allowing one to retain the desirable electronic properties while achieving desirable magnetic properties.

Improved Electroformed Structural Copper and Copper Alloys

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Malone, G. A.; Hudson, W.; Babcock, B.; Edwards, R.

1998-01-01

Electroforming offers a superior means for fabricating internally cooled heat exchangers and structures subjected to thermal environments. Copper is deposited from many such applications because of the good thermal conductivity. It suffers from mediocre yield strength as a structural material and loses mechanical strength at intermediate temperatures. Mechanical properties similar to those of electroformed nickel are desired. Phase 1 examined innovative means to improve deposited copper structural performance. Yield strengths as high as 483 MPa (70 ksi) were obtained with useful ductility while retaining a high level of purity essential to good thermal conductivity. Phase 2 represents a program to explore new additive combinations in copper electrolytes to produce a more fine, equiaxed grain which can be thermally stabilized by other techniques such as alloying in modest degrees and dispersion strengthening. Evaluation of new technology - such as the codeposition of fullerness (diamond-like) particles were made to enhance thermal conductivity in low alloys. A test fire quality tube-bundle engine was fabricated using these copper property improvement concepts to show the superiority of the new coppers and fabrications methods over competitive technologies such as brazing and plasma deposition.

Variations in the microstructure and properties of Mn-Ti multiple-phase steel with high strength under different tempering temperatures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Dazhao; Li, Xiaonan; Cui, Tianxie; Li, Jianmin; Wang, Yutian; Fu, Peimao

2015-03-01

There are few relevant researches on coils by tempering, and the variations of microstructure and properties of steel coil during the tempering process also remain unclear. By using thermo-mechanical control process(TMCP) technology, Mn-Ti typical HSLA steel coils with yield strength of 920 MPa are produced on the 2250 hot rolling production line. Then, the samples are taken from the coils and tempered at the temperatures of 220 °C, 350 °C, and 620 °C respectively. After tempering the strength, ductility and toughness of samples are tested, and meanwhile microstructures are investigated. Precipitates initially emerge inside the ferrite laths and the density of the dislocation drops. Then, the lath-shaped ferrites begin to gather, and the retained austenite films start to decompose. Finally, the retained austenite films are completely decomposed into coarse and short rod-shape precipitates composed of C and Ti compounds. The yield strength increases with increasing tempering temperature due to the pinning effect of the precipitates, and the dislocation density decreases. The yield strength is highest when the steel is tempered at 220 °C because of pinning of the precipitates to dislocations. The total elongation increases in all samples because of the development of ferrites during tempering. The tensile strength and impact absorbed energy decline because the effect of impeding crack propagation weakens as the retained austenite films completely decompose and the precipitates coarsen. This paper clarifies the influence of different tempering temperatures on phase transformation characteristics and process of Mn-Ti typical multiphase steels, as well as its resulting performance variation rules.

Demonstration of Ultra High-Strength Nanocrystalline Copper Alloys for Military Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-22

Powder Processing vi Acknowledgements The development of these Cu -Ta alloys was accomplished with assistance from the following...nanostructured Cu -Ta based alloy powders with a unique ability to retain their ultrahigh strength properties to temperatures nearing the melting point of the Cu ...nanostructured Cu -Ta based alloy powders with the unique ability to retain their ultrahigh strength properties to temperatures

Tempering characteristics of a vanadium containing dual phase steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rashid, M. S.; Rao, B. V. N.

1982-10-01

Dual phase steels are characterized by a microstructure consisting of ferrite, martensite, retained austenite, and/or lower bainite. This microstructure can be altered by tempering with accompanying changes in mechanical properties. This paper examines such changes produced in a vanadium bearing dual phase steel upon tempering below 500 °C. The steel mechanical properties were minimally affected on tempering below 200 °C; however, a simultaneous reduction in uniform elongation and tensile strength occurred upon tempering above 400 °C. The large amount of retained austenite (≅10 vol pct) observed in the as-received steel was found to be essentially stable to tempering below 300 °C. On tempering above 400 °C, most of the retained austenite decomposed to either upper bainite (at 400 °C) or a mixture of upper bainite and ferrite-carbide aggregate formed by an interphase precipitation mechanism (at 500 °C). In addition, tempering at 400 °C led to fine precipitation in the retained ferrite. The observed mechanical properties were correlated with these microstructural changes. It was concluded that the observed decrease in uniform elongation upon tempering above 400 °C is primarily the consequence of the decomposition of retained austenite and the resulting loss of transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) as a contributing mechanism to the strain hardening of the steel.

Downscaling ferroelectric field effect transistors by using ferroelectric Si-doped HfO2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martin, Dominik; Yurchuk, Ekaterina; Müller, Stefan; Müller, Johannes; Paul, Jan; Sundquist, Jonas; Slesazeck, Stefan; Schlösser, Till; van Bentum, Ralf; Trentzsch, Martin; Schröder, Uwe; Mikolajick, Thomas

2013-10-01

Throughout the 22 nm technology node HfO2 is established as a reliable gate dielectric in contemporary complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The working principle of ferroelectric field effect transistors FeFET has also been demonstrated for some time for dielectric materials like Pb[ZrxTi1-x]O3 and SrBi2Ta2O9. However, integrating these into contemporary downscaled CMOS technology nodes is not trivial due to the necessity of an extremely thick gate stack. Recent developments have shown HfO2 to have ferroelectric properties, given the proper doping. Moreover, these doped HfO2 thin films only require layer thicknesses similar to the ones already in use in CMOS technology. This work will show how the incorporation of Si induces ferroelectricity in HfO2 based capacitor structures and finally demonstrate non-volatile storage in nFeFETs down to a gate length of 100 nm. A memory window of 0.41 V can be retained after 20,000 switching cycles. Retention can be extrapolated to 10 years.

Technology Transition for Hybrid Warfare

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-02-16

and Iraq. At the same time, the science and technology base must provide the disruptive technologies to defeat future conventional enemies. This... disruptive technologies will be needed to retain long-term technological superiority in conventional warfare. Incremental improvement is the most...technology to be missed. Disruptive technologies are the second type of technological change and involve revolutionary concepts involving large technological

Phthalo-carbonitride: an ab initio prediction of a stable two-dimensional material

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsetseris, Leonidas

2016-06-01

Using density-functional theory calculations, we identify a stable two-dimensional carbonitride polymorph which resembles the core of phthalocyanine molecules. This so-called phthalo-carbonitride is found to be the lowest-energy polymer made of tetracyanoethylene molecules. It is a two-dimensional metal in its pristine form. Functionalization of the phthalo-cores with copper or iron atoms retains the metallic character of the material, but also adds magnetization to the system. Based on these properties and the established use of phthalocyanine molecules in various applications, the growth of phthalo-carbonitride sheets can add another multi-functional building block to the research and technology of two-dimensional materials.

12 CFR 714.6 - Are you required to retain salvage powers over the leased property?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... and provide you with the power to take action if there is an unanticipated change in conditions that... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Are you required to retain salvage powers over... REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS LEASING § 714.6 Are you required to retain salvage powers over the leased...

12 CFR 714.6 - Are you required to retain salvage powers over the leased property?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... and provide you with the power to take action if there is an unanticipated change in conditions that... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Are you required to retain salvage powers over... REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS LEASING § 714.6 Are you required to retain salvage powers over the leased...

Assessment of Retained Austenite in AISI D2 Tool Steel Using Magnetic Hysteresis and Barkhausen Noise Parameters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kahrobaee, Saeed; Kashefi, Mehrdad

2015-03-01

Inaccurate heat treatment process could result in excessive amount of retained austenite, which degrades the mechanical properties, like strength, wear resistance, and hardness of cold work tool steel parts. Thus, to control the mechanical properties, quantitative measurement of the retained austenite is a critical step in optimizing the heat-treating parameters. X-ray diffraction method is the most frequently used technique for this purpose. This technique is, however, destructive and time consuming. Furthermore, it is not applicable to 100% quality inspection of industrial parts. In the present paper, the influence of austenitizing temperature on the retained austenite content and hardness of AISI D2 tool steel has been studied. Additionally, nondestructive magnetic hysteresis parameters of the samples including coercivity, magnetic saturation, and maximum differential permeability as well as their magnetic Barkhausen noise features (RMS peak voltage and peak position) have been investigated. The results revealed direct relations between magnetic saturation, differential permeability, and MBN peak amplitude with increasing austenitizing temperature due to the retained austenite formation. Besides, both parameters of coercivity and peak position had an inverse correlation with the retained austenite fraction.

Effect of deformation schedule on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a thermomechanically processed C-Mn-Si transformation-induced plasticity steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Timokhina, I. B.; Hodgson, P. D.; Pereloma, E. V.

2003-08-01

Thermomechanical processing simulations were performed using a hot-torsion machine, in order to develop a comprehensive understanding of the effect of severe deformation in the recrystallized and nonrecrystallized austenite regions on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the 0.2 wt pct C-1.55 wt pct Mn-1.5 wt pct Si transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel. The deformation schedule affected all constituents (polygonal ferrite, bainite in different morphologies, retained austenite, and martensite) of the multiphased TRIP steel microstructure. The complex relationships between the volume fraction of the retained austenite, the morphology and distribution of all phases present in the microstructure, and the mechanical properties of TRIP steel were revealed. The bainite morphology had a more pronounced effect on the mechanical behavior than the refinement of the microstructure. The improvement of the mechanical properties of TRIP steel was achieved by variation of the volume fraction of the retained austenite rather than the overall refinement of the microstructure.

Low Stress Mechanical Properties of Plasma-Treated Cotton Fabric Subjected to Zinc Oxide-Anti-Microbial Treatment.

PubMed

Kan, Chi-Wai; Lam, Yin-Ling

2013-01-22

Cotton fabrics are highly popular because of their excellent properties such as regeneration, bio-degradation, softness, affinity to skin and hygroscopic properties. When in contact with the human body, cotton fabrics offer an ideal environment for microbial growth due to their ability to retain oxygen, moisture and warmth, as well as nutrients from spillages and body sweat. Therefore, an anti-microbial coating formulation (Microfresh and Microban together with zinc oxide as catalyst) was developed for cotton fabrics to improve treatment effectiveness. In addition, plasma technology was employed in the study which roughened the surface of the materials, improving the loading of zinc oxides on the surface. In this study, the low stress mechanical properties of plasma pre-treated and/or anti-microbial-treated cotton fabric were studied. The overall results show that the specimens had improved bending properties when zinc oxides were added in the anti-microbial coating recipe. Also, without plasma pre-treatment, anti-microbial-treatment of cotton fabric had a positive effect only on tensile resilience, shear stress at 0.5° and compressional energy, while plasma-treated specimens had better overall tensile properties even after anti-microbial treatment.

Low Stress Mechanical Properties of Plasma-Treated Cotton Fabric Subjected to Zinc Oxide-Anti-Microbial Treatment

PubMed Central

Kan, Chi-Wai; Lam, Yin-Ling

2013-01-01

Cotton fabrics are highly popular because of their excellent properties such as regeneration, bio-degradation, softness, affinity to skin and hygroscopic properties. When in contact with the human body, cotton fabrics offer an ideal environment for microbial growth due to their ability to retain oxygen, moisture and warmth, as well as nutrients from spillages and body sweat. Therefore, an anti-microbial coating formulation (Microfresh and Microban together with zinc oxide as catalyst) was developed for cotton fabrics to improve treatment effectiveness. In addition, plasma technology was employed in the study which roughened the surface of the materials, improving the loading of zinc oxides on the surface. In this study, the low stress mechanical properties of plasma pre-treated and/or anti-microbial-treated cotton fabric were studied. The overall results show that the specimens had improved bending properties when zinc oxides were added in the anti-microbial coating recipe. Also, without plasma pre-treatment, anti-microbial-treatment of cotton fabric had a positive effect only on tensile resilience, shear stress at 0.5° and compressional energy, while plasma-treated specimens had better overall tensile properties even after anti-microbial treatment. PMID:28809311

Big Effect of Small Nanoparticles: A Shift in Paradigm for Polymer Nanocomposites

DOE PAGES

Cheng, Shiwang; Xie, Shi-Jie; Carrillo, Jan-Michael Y.; ...

2017-01-04

Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) are important materials that are widely used in many current technologies and potentially have broader applications in the future due to their excellent property of tunability, light weight and low cost. But, expanding the limits in property enhancement remains a fundamental scientific challenge. We demonstrate that well-dispersed, small (diameter ~1.8 nm) nanoparticles with attractive interactions lead to unexpectedly large and qualitatively new changes in PNC structural dynamics in comparison to conventional composites based on particles of diameter ~10-50 nm. At the same time, the zero-shear viscosity at high temperatures remains comparable to that of the neat polymer,more » thereby retaining good processibility and resolving a major challenge in PNC applications. These results suggest that the nanoparticle mobility and relatively short lifetimes of nanoparticlepolymer associations open qualitatively new horizons in tunability of macroscopic properties in nanocomposites with high potential for the development of new functional materials.« less

41 CFR 302-5.18 - May I retain any balance left over from my househunting reimbursement if my fixed amount is more...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false May I retain any balance... Expenses § 302-5.18 May I retain any balance left over from my househunting reimbursement if my fixed... more than adequate to cover your househunting expenses any balance belongs to you. ...

41 CFR 302-6.203 - May I retain any balance left over from my TQSE reimbursement if my fixed amount is more than...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false May I retain any balance... TEMPORARY QUARTERS SUBSISTENCE EXPENSES Fixed Amount Reimbursement § 302-6.203 May I retain any balance left... amount is more than adequate to cover your TQSE expenses any balance belongs to you. ...

A Review on Functionally Gradient Materials (FGMs) and Their Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bhavar, Valmik; Kattire, Prakash; Thakare, Sandeep; patil, Sachin; Singh, RKP, Dr.

2017-09-01

Functionally gradient materials (FGM) are innovative materials in which final properties varies gradually with dimensions. It is the recent development in traditional composite materials which retains their strengths and eliminates their weaknesses. It can be formed by varying chemical composition, microstructure or design attributes from one end to other as per requirement. This feature allows FGM to have best material properties in required quantities only where it is needed. Though there are several methods available for manufacturing FGMs, additive based metal deposition (by laser, electron beam, plasma etc.) technologies are reaping particular interest owing to their recent developments. This paper presents evolution, current status and challenges of functionally gradient materials (FGMs). Various manufacturing processes of different types of FGMs are also presented. In addition, applications of FGMs in various fields including aerospace, defence, mining, power and tools manufacturing sectors are discussed in detail.

41 CFR 302-5.18 - May I retain any balance left over from my househunting reimbursement if my fixed amount is more...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false May I retain any balance... Expenses § 302-5.18 May I retain any balance left over from my househunting reimbursement if my fixed... more than adequate to cover your househunting expenses any balance belongs to you. Effective Date Note...

41 CFR 302-6.203 - May I retain any balance left over from my TQSE reimbursement if my fixed amount is more than...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false May I retain any balance... TEMPORARY QUARTERS SUBSISTENCE EXPENSES Fixed Amount Reimbursement § 302-6.203 May I retain any balance left... amount is more than adequate to cover your TQSE expenses any balance belongs to you. Pt. 302-6, Subpt. C...

Microstructure and partitioning behavior characteristics in low carbon steels treated by hot-rolling direct quenching and dynamical partitioning processes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Yun-jie; Li, Xiao-lei; Yuan, Guo, E-mail: yuan

2016-11-15

In this work, a new process and composition design are proposed for “quenching and partitioning” or Q&P treatment. Three low carbon steels were treated by hot-rolling direct quenching and dynamical partitioning processes (DQ&P). The effects of proeutectoid ferrite and carbon concentration on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties were investigated. The present work obtained DQ&P prototype steels with good mechanical properties and established a new notion on compositions for Q&P processing. Microstructures were characterized by means of electro probe microanalyzer (EPMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), especially the morphology andmore » size of retained austenite. Mechanical properties were measured by uniaxial tensile tests. The results indicated that introducing proeutectoid ferrite can increase the volume fraction of retained austenite and thus improve mechanical properties. TEM observation showed that retained austenite included the film-like inter-lath austenite and blocky austenite located in martensite/ferrite interfaces or surrounded by ferrites. It was interesting that when the carbon concentration is as low as ~ 0.078%, the film-like inter-lath untransformed austenite cannot be stabilized to room temperature and almost all of them transformed into twin martensite. The blocky retained austenite strengthened the interfaces and transformed into twin martensite during the tensile deformation process. The PSEs of specimens all exceeded 20 GPa.%. - Highlights: •This study focused on a new process: Q&P process applying dynamical partitioning. •Ferrite can increase the volume fraction of retained austenite. •The film-like austenite and the blocky austenite were observed. •The low carbon steels treated by new process reached PSEs higher than 20 GPa.%.« less

48 CFR 37.302 - Bonds or other security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) protect property to be retained by the Government, (c) protect property to be provided as compensation to the contractor, and (d) protect the Government against damage to adjoining property. [60 FR 49722...

41 CFR 302-6.203 - May I retain any balance left over from my TQSE lump sum payment if such payment is more than...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true May I retain any balance left over from my TQSE lump sum payment if such payment is more than adequate? 302-6.203 Section 302-6... TEMPORARY QUARTERS SUBSISTENCE EXPENSES Lump Sum Payment § 302-6.203 May I retain any balance left over from...

41 CFR 302-5.18 - May I retain any balance left over from my househunting reimbursement if my lump sum is more than...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false May I retain any balance left over from my househunting reimbursement if my lump sum is more than adequate to cover my... Expenses § 302-5.18 May I retain any balance left over from my househunting reimbursement if my lump sum is...

41 CFR 302-6.203 - May I retain any balance left over from my TQSE lump sum payment if such payment is more than...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false May I retain any balance left over from my TQSE lump sum payment if such payment is more than adequate? 302-6.203 Section 302-6... TEMPORARY QUARTERS SUBSISTENCE EXPENSES Lump Sum Payment § 302-6.203 May I retain any balance left over from...

41 CFR 302-5.18 - May I retain any balance left over from my househunting reimbursement if my lump sum is more than...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false May I retain any balance left over from my househunting reimbursement if my lump sum is more than adequate to cover my... Expenses § 302-5.18 May I retain any balance left over from my househunting reimbursement if my lump sum is...

41 CFR 302-6.203 - May I retain any balance left over from my TQSE lump sum payment if such payment is more than...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false May I retain any balance left over from my TQSE lump sum payment if such payment is more than adequate? 302-6.203 Section 302-6... TEMPORARY QUARTERS SUBSISTENCE EXPENSES Lump Sum Payment § 302-6.203 May I retain any balance left over from...

41 CFR 302-5.18 - May I retain any balance left over from my househunting reimbursement if my lump sum is more than...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true May I retain any balance left over from my househunting reimbursement if my lump sum is more than adequate to cover my... Expenses § 302-5.18 May I retain any balance left over from my househunting reimbursement if my lump sum is...

What the publisher can teach the patient: intellectual property and privacy in an era of trusted privication.

PubMed

Zittrain, J

2000-05-01

This article begins with a premise that intellectual property and privacy have something significant and yet understated in common: both are about balancing a creator's desire to control a particular set of data with consumers' desires to access and redistribute that data. Both law and technology influence such balancing, making it more or less palatable to use data for particular purposes--whether one is an individual making a copy of a popular song for a friend, or a hospital selling a list of maternity ward patients to a day care service. In the shadow of the Internet's rapid development and concomitant easing of barriers to data sharing, holders of intellectual property are pairing increased legal protection with the technologies of "trusted systems." I describe how these technologies might allow more thorough mass distribution of data, while allowing publishers to retain unprecedented control over their wares. For instance, an e-Book seller might charge one price for a read-only copy that could not be printed or forwarded and charge an additional fee for each copy or printout made. Taking up the case of medical privacy, I then suggest that those who worry about the confidentiality of medical records, particularly as they are digitized by recent congressional mandate, might seek to augment comparatively paltry legal protections with trusted systems technologies. For instance, a trusted system could allow a patient to specify how and by whom her records could be used; within limits, she could allow full access to her primary care physician, while allowing only time-limited access to emergency care providers, non-personally identifiable access to medical researchers, and no access at all for marketing purposes. These technologies could allow for new kinds of privacy protection, without sacrificing the legitimate interests of the consumers of medical records.

76 FR 69126 - Graduated Retained Interests

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-08

... T. Miller, Deputy Commissioner for Services and Enforcement. Emily S. McMahon, Acting Assistant... in trust or otherwise) includible in the grantor's gross estate if the grantor has retained the use... from the property for life, for any period not ascertainable without reference to the grantor's death...

Influence of putrescine and carnauba wax on functional and sensory quality of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits during storage.

PubMed

Barman, Kalyan; Asrey, Ram; Pal, R K; Kaur, Charanjit; Jha, S K

2014-01-01

Functional properties (anthocyanins, antioxidant, ascorbic acid and tannin) and sensory score were determined in pomegranate fruits at two storage temperatures (3 and 5 °C) after treatment with 2 mM putrescine and 1 : 10 carnauba wax (carnauba wax : water). The treatments (putrescine and carnauba wax) were given by immersion method followed by storage up to 60 days. Both treatments retained significantly higher anthocyanins, antioxidant, ascorbic acid, tannin and sensory qualities as compared with control fruits under both the storage conditions. Combined application of putrescine + carnauba wax showed better response in retaining functional properties than putrescine treated or nontreated fruits. The impacts of putrescine and carnauba wax treatments were found more pronounced after 30 days at 3-5 °C storage temperature in retaining functional and sensory qualities. After 60 days of storage, putrescine + carnauba wax retained about 25% higher antioxidant activity both at 3 and 5 °C storage temperatures.

Math and Science Teachers: Recruiting and Retaining California's Workforce. Policy Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

EdSource, 2008

2008-01-01

Middle and high school math and science teachers provide the foundation for education in the growing science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields. They are crucial to California's efforts to remain competitive in a global economy. This policy brief looks at the shortage and challenges involved in recruiting and retaining fully prepared…

Strategies to Recruit and Retain Students in Physical Science and Mathematics on a Diverse College Campus

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chang, Jen-Mei; Kwon, Chuhee; Stevens, Lora; Buonora, Paul

2016-01-01

This article presents implementation details and findings of a National Science Foundation Scholarship in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Program (S-STEM) consisting of many high-impact practices to recruit and retain students in the physical sciences and mathematics programs, particularly first-generation and underrepresented…

Sales Communications in a Mobile World: Using the Latest Technology and Retaining the Personal Touch

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Norris, Daniel T.

2007-01-01

Salespeople increasingly have the opportunity to use technology to more quickly communicate with a larger number of clients and customers. Mobile technology, in particular, gives salespeople many advantages in rapidly reaching a large customer base. Furthermore, customers are increasingly employing mobile technology, making them increasingly…

A noble metal-free proton-exchange membrane fuel cell based on bio-inspired molecular catalysts.

PubMed

Tran, P D; Morozan, A; Archambault, S; Heidkamp, J; Chenevier, P; Dau, H; Fontecave, M; Martinent, A; Jousselme, B; Artero, V

2015-03-01

Hydrogen is a promising energy vector for storing renewable energies: obtained from water-splitting, in electrolysers or photoelectrochemical cells, it can be turned back to electricity on demand in fuel cells (FCs). Proton exchange membrane (PEM) devices with low internal resistance, high compactness and stability are an attractive technology optimized over decades, affording fast start-up times and low operating temperatures. However, they rely on the powerful catalytic properties of noble metals such as platinum, while lower cost, more abundant materials would be needed for economic viability. Replacing these noble metals at both electrodes has long proven to be a difficult task, so far incompatible with PEM technologies. Here we take advantage of newly developed bio-inspired molecular H 2 oxidation catalysts and noble metal-free O 2 -reducing materials, to fabricate a noble metal-free PEMFC, with an 0.74 V open circuit voltage and a 23 μW cm -2 output power under technologically relevant conditions. X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements confirm that the catalysts are stable and retain their structure during turnover.

41 CFR 102-41.65 - What happens to forfeited personal property that is transferred or retained for official use?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What happens to... Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION PERSONAL PROPERTY 41-DISPOSITION OF SEIZED, FORFEITED, VOLUNTARILY ABANDONED...

41 CFR 102-41.90 - What happens to voluntarily abandoned personal property retained for official use?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What happens to... Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION PERSONAL PROPERTY 41-DISPOSITION OF SEIZED, FORFEITED, VOLUNTARILY ABANDONED, AND...

Effect of Intercritical Annealing on Microstructural Evolution and Properties of Quenched & Partitioned (Q&P) Steels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Riming; Jin, Xuejun; Wang, Chenglin; Wang, Li

2016-04-01

Transformation of metastable austenite into martensite in novel quenched & partitioned (Q&P) steels improves sheet formability, allowing this class of high-strength steels to be used for automotive structural components. The current work studies the microstructural evolution by varying intercritical annealing time ( t a), as well as its influence on the martensite-austenite constituent and mechanical properties of Q&P steels. As the t a was prolonged, the morphology of retained austenite progressively transformed from block to a mixture of block and film, and finally changed to totally film. Based on electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements and uniaxial tensile response, the holding time of 600 s at 760 °C was determined to produce the best results in terms of highest volume fraction of retained austenite ( f γ = 15.8%) and largest strain (26.8%) at the ultimate tensile strength (892 MPa). This difference in work-hardening behavior corresponds directly to the transformation rate of retained austenite with different morphology. The slower rate of transformation of filmy austenite allowed for work hardening to persist at high strains where the transformation effect had already been exhausted in the blocky one. There is great potential for properties improvement through adjustment of metastability of retained austenite.

Impact Toughness of 0.2 Pct C-1.5 Pct Si-(1.5 to 5) Pct Mn Transformation-Induced Plasticity-Aided Steels with an Annealed Martensite Matrix

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tanino, Hikaru; Horita, Masaomi; Sugimoto, Koh-Ichi

2016-05-01

The impact properties of 0.2 pct C-1.5 pct Si-(1.5 to 5) pct Mn transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP)-aided steels with an annealed martensite matrix which had been subjected to isothermal transformation after inter-critical annealing were investigated for potential automotive applications. The impact properties are related to the retained austenite characteristics of the steels. The products of tensile strength (TS) and Charpy impact absorbed value (CIAV) were the same for the 1.5 and 5 pct Mn steels, although the ductile-brittle transition temperature was higher for the latter. The impact properties of the 3 pct Mn steel were worse than these two steels. The high TS × CIAV value for the 5 pct Mn steel at 293 K (25 °C) was mainly caused by the TRIP effect of a larger amount of retained austenite (36 vol pct) and the hardened matrix structure; low retained austenite stability and/or a hard martensite-austenite phase reduced this value. The higher ductile-brittle transition temperature of the 5 pct Mn steel was associated with Mn segregation, a large amount of unstable retained austenite on prior austenitic grain boundaries, and decreased cleavage fracture stress owing to the high Mn content.

A Methodology to Assess the Strategic Benefits of New Production Technologies

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-01

does not capture these strategic advantage , that make new technologies attractive. Our methodology integrates investments in new pro- duction...capture these strategic advantages that make new technologies attractive. Our methodology integrates investments in new production technologies into the...focus on reducing labor costs, does not capture these strategic advantages that make new technologies attractive. In many cases, retaining the existing

34 CFR 607.10 - What activities may and may not be carried out under a grant?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... new technology or methodology to increase student success and retention or to retain accreditation; or..., including the integration of computer technology into institutional facilities to create smart buildings... academic instruction capabilities, including purchase or rental of telecommunications technology equipment...

34 CFR 607.10 - What activities may and may not be carried out under a grant?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... new technology or methodology to increase student success and retention or to retain accreditation; or..., including the integration of computer technology into institutional facilities to create smart buildings... academic instruction capabilities, including purchase or rental of telecommunications technology equipment...

34 CFR 607.10 - What activities may and may not be carried out under a grant?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... new technology or methodology to increase student success and retention or to retain accreditation; or..., including the integration of computer technology into institutional facilities to create smart buildings... academic instruction capabilities, including purchase or rental of telecommunications technology equipment...

Using New Social Media to Recruit and Retain Qualified Special Education Personnel. Practice Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Muller, Eve

2011-01-01

As communication technologies continue to evolve at an ever-expanding rate, some states and localities are turning to new social media tools as a means of recruiting and retaining qualified education personnel. Based on examples from around the country drawn from early intervention (EI) programs, state education agencies (SEAs), local education…

Drafting with Design in Mind

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Daugherty, Michael K.; Carter, Vinson

2011-01-01

Design and drafting are subjects long taught in technology education, and subjects that retain high status in the profession. Admittedly, since the initial publication of Standards for Technological Literacy in 2000, design has taken on a larger role and meaning in the technology education profession. However, design continues to be delivered…

Sticky IT Workers: Discovering Why Information Technology Professionals Retain Their Employers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewis, Phillip Mike

2013-01-01

In the current business climate and social technologies expansion era, Information Technology (IT) workers are important organization contributors that connect organizations into today's data-driven, highly social, and always-on global economy. Thus, organizations need IT workers. Unfortunately, as a class, IT workers have developed a reputation…

Translational and rotational knee joint stability in anterior and posterior cruciate-retaining knee arthroplasty.

PubMed

Lo, JiaHsuan; Müller, Otto; Dilger, Torsten; Wülker, Nikolaus; Wünschel, Markus

2011-12-01

This study investigated passive translational and rotational stability properties of the intact knee joint, after bicruciate-retaining bi-compartmental knee arthroplasty (BKA) and after posterior cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Fourteen human cadaveric knee specimens were used in this study, and a robotic manipulator with six-axis force/torque sensor was used to test the joint laxity in anterior-posterior translation, valgus-varus, and internal-external rotation. The results show the knee joint stability after bicruciate-retaining BKA is similar to that of the native knee. On the other hand, the PCL-retaining TKA results in inferior joint stability in valgus, varus, external rotation, anterior and, surprisingly, posterior directions. Our findings suggest that, provided functional ligamentous structures, bicruciate-retaining BKA is a biomechanically attractive treatment for joint degenerative disease. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Replacement bearing for Rocketdyne SSME HPOTPs using alternate self-lubricating retainer materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gleeson, J.; Dufrane, K.; Kannel, J.

1992-01-01

Research was conducted to develop replacement bearings for the Rocketdyne Space Shuttle main engine (SSME) high pressure oxidizer turbopumps (HPOTPs). The replacement bearings consisted of standard balls and races with a special Battelle Self-Lubricating Insert Configuration (BASIC) retainer. The BASIC retainer consists of a phosphor bronze housing with inserts consisting of a polytetrafluoretheylene (PTFE) and bronze compound. The PTFE contacts the balls and the land guiding surface on the outer race. A PTFE transfer film is formed on balls and races, which lubricates the critical interfaces. The BASIC retainer is a one-to-one replacement for the current Armalon retainer, but has superior lubricating properties and is stronger over the broad temperature range anticipated for the HPOTP bearings. As a part of the project 40 sets of balls and races (two sizes) and 52 BASIC retainers were shipped to NASA/MSFC.

Design Guidelines for In-Plane Mechanical Properties of SiC Fiber-Reinforced Melt-Infiltrated SiC Composites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morscher, Gregory N.; Pujar, Vijay V.

2008-01-01

In-plane tensile stress-strain, tensile creep, and after-creep retained tensile properties of melt-infiltrated SiC-SiC composites reinforced with different fiber types were evaluated with an emphasis on obtaining simple or first-order microstructural design guidelines for these in-plane mechanical properties. Using the mini-matrix approach to model stress-strain behavior and the results of this study, three basic general design criteria for stress and strain limits are formulated, namely a design stress limit, a design total strain limit, and an after-creep design retained strength limit. It is shown that these criteria can be useful for designing components for high temperature applications.

39 CFR 946.10 - Record retention.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... MAIL MATTER AND PROPERTY ACQUIRED BY THE POSTAL INSPECTION SERVICE FOR USE AS EVIDENCE § 946.10 Record retention. Records regarding property subject to this part will be retained for a period of 3 years following return of the property to its owner or a determination that the property is abandoned. ...

39 CFR 946.10 - Record retention.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... MAIL MATTER AND PROPERTY ACQUIRED BY THE POSTAL INSPECTION SERVICE FOR USE AS EVIDENCE § 946.10 Record retention. Records regarding property subject to this part will be retained for a period of 3 years following return of the property to its owner or a determination that the property is abandoned. ...

[Possibility of fortifying milk nutrient mixtures for children with lactoglobulin against E. coli and Proteus].

PubMed

Zlatnik, E Iu

1986-01-01

Sweet milk nutrient mixtures, biologically active additives (BAA) and lactic acid ferments, intended for child nutrition, were enriched with the immune preparation lactoglobulin against E. coli and Proteus. Serological and immunochemical investigations of hemagglutinating activity and other characteristics of lactoglobulin in the enriched milk mixtures and BAA evidenced that the preparation retained its full value during the technological process and in the period of storage. No signs of lactoglobulin degradation during the production of a test batch of the milk mixture and BAA were detected, and a high hemagglutinating activity with respect to enteropathogenic E. coli and Proteus was recorded. This permitted the author to recommend the lactoglobulin-enriched sweet mixtures for prevention of acute intestinal infections and dysbacteriosis in young children. The in vitro study of the lactoglobulin interaction with pure cultures of lactobacillus and bifidobacteria showed its inertness to eubacteria. Four strains studied retained their growth and acid-forming properties after combined incubation with lactoglobulin and did not inhibit its activity. A conclusion has been made on the possibility of enrichment of lactic acid products, intended for child nutrition, with lactoglobulin against E. coli and Proteus.

Zirconia removable telescopic dentures retained on teeth or implants for maxilla rehabilitation. Three-year observation of three cases.

PubMed

Zafiropoulos, Gregory-George; Rebbe, Jochen; Thielen, Ulrich; Deli, Giorgio; Beaumont, Christian; Hoffmann, Oliver

2010-01-01

This report addresses maxillary restoration with removable telescopic crown-retained palatal free dentures. One patient with 7 natural teeth (PERIO), a second patient with 6 dental implants (IMPL), and a third patient with 2 natural teeth and 4 dental implants (IMPL-PERIO) were treated. Zirconia copings for natural teeth and individual zirconia implant abutments were fabricated in CAD/CAM and used as primary crowns. Electroformed gold copings were used as secondary telescopes. All maxilla supraconstructions were fabricated with zirconia and CAD/CAM. Patients were monitored during a 3-year period; all teeth and implants survived, and no biological or mechanical complications occurred. The peri-implant and periodontal conditions were healthy. While recognizing the limitations of this report, results showed that fabricating removable zirconia structures by means of CAD/CAM can yield highly functional and esthetic results. Galvanoforming technology is the preferable means of fabricating secondary crowns. The combination of these techniques and materials results in a prosthetic reconstruction of high quality, good fit, and biocompatibility. Long-term studies of large populations are necessary to investigate the clinical properties of the material utilized in this type of construction.

Aptamer-incorporated hydrogels for visual detection, controlled drug release, and targeted cancer therapy

PubMed Central

Liu, Jun; Kang, Huaizhi; Donovan, Michael; Zhu, Zhi

2017-01-01

Hydrogels are water-retainable materials, made from cross-linked polymers, that can be tailored to applications in bioanalysis and biomedicine. As technology advances, an increasing number of molecules have been used as the components of hydrogel systems. However, the shortcomings of these systems have prompted researchers to find new materials that can be incorporated into them. Among all of these emerging materials, aptamers have recently attracted substantial attention because of their unique properties, for example biocompatibility, selective binding, and molecular recognition, all of which make them promising candidates for target-responsive hydrogel engineering. In this work, we will review how aptamers have been incorporated into hydrogel systems to enable colorimetric detection, controlled drug release, and targeted cancer therapy. PMID:22052153

Improving halva quality with dietary fibres of sesame seed coats and date pulp, enriched with emulsifier.

PubMed

Elleuch, Mohamed; Bedigian, Dorothea; Maazoun, Bouthaina; Besbes, Souhail; Blecker, Christophe; Attia, Hamadi

2014-02-15

Supplementation of halva with waste products of manufacturing, for example defatted sesame seed coats (testae) and date fibre concentrate, can improve its nutritional and organoleptic qualities. These constituents provide high fibre content and technological potential for retaining water and fat. Standard halva supplemented with date fibre concentrate, defatted sesame testae and emulsifier was evaluated for oil separation, texture and colour changes, sensory qualities and acceptability to a taste panel. Addition of both fibres with an emulsifier, improved emulsion stability and increased the hardness of halva significantly. The functional properties of sesame testae and date fibres promote nutrition and health, supplying polyphenol antioxidants and laxative benefits. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Do encapsulated heat storage materials really retain their original thermal properties?

PubMed

Chaiyasat, Preeyaporn; Noppalit, Sayrung; Okubo, Masayoshi; Chaiyasat, Amorn

2015-01-14

The encapsulation of Rubitherm®27 (RT27), which is one of the most common commercially supplied heat storage materials, by polystyrene (PS), polydivinyl benzene (PDVB) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was carried out using conventional radical microsuspension polymerization. The products were purified to remove free RT27 and free polymer particles without RT27. In the cases of PS and PDVB microcapsules, the latent heats of melting and crystallization for RT27 ( and , J/g-RT27) were clearly decreased by the encapsulation. On the other hand, those of the PMMA microcapsules were the same as pure RT27. A supercooling phenomenon was observed not only for PS and PDVB but also for the PMMA microcapsules. These results indicate that the thermal properties of the heat storage materials encapsulated depend on the type of polymer shells, i.e., encapsulation by polymer shell changes the thermal properties of RT27. This is quite different from the idea of other groups in the world, in which they discussed the thermal properties based on the ΔHm and ΔHc values expressed in J/g-capsule, assuming that the thermal properties of the heat storage materials are not changed by the encapsulation. Hereafter, this report should raise an alarm concerning the "wrong" common knowledge behind developing the encapsulation technology of heat storage materials.

Resolving Properties of Polymers and Nanoparticle Assembly through Coarse-Grained Computational Studies.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Grest, Gary S.

2017-09-01

Coupled length and time scales determine the dynamic behavior of polymers and polymer nanocomposites and underlie their unique properties. To resolve the properties over large time and length scales it is imperative to develop coarse grained models which retain the atomistic specificity. Here we probe the degree of coarse graining required to simultaneously retain significant atomistic details a nd access large length and time scales. The degree of coarse graining in turn sets the minimum length scale instrumental in defining polymer properties and dynamics. Using polyethylene as a model system, we probe how the coarse - graining scale affects themore » measured dynamics with different number methylene group s per coarse - grained beads. Using these models we simulate polyethylene melts for times over 500 ms to study the viscoelastic properties of well - entangled polymer melts and large nanoparticle assembly as the nanoparticles are driven close enough to form nanostructures.« less

Postoperative Radiculopathy Caused by a Retained Fractured Pedicle Cannulation Probe and Its Mechanism of Extraction.

PubMed

Yuk, Frank; Steinberger, Jeremy; Skovrlj, Branko; Mascitelli, Justin; Cho, Samuel K; Caridi, John M

2017-11-01

Spine surgery relies heavily on technology and surgical instrumentation. Improperly used instrumentation can be detrimental to the patient. Despite multiple checkpoints to ensure that foreign bodies are not retained in surgery, numerous case reports have described retained foreign bodies; however, none of these cases involve retained instrumentation after open spine surgery. Of the retained objects, 4 were sponges and one was a Jamshidi needle fragment. Although smaller objects are more commonly the culprits, surgical instruments can break off, remain stuck, and cause clinical sequelae. This case presents a retained fractured pedicle finder as the cause of right L5 radiculopathy. To our knowledge, this report is the first to describe an instrumentation-associated postoperative radiculopathy. Because of the strength with which the object was impacted, its extraction proved difficult. The technique of removal using a mallet and osteotome in 4 directions to loosen its hold in the vertebral body. Attempts and eventual successful removal are described. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Predicting the Quality of Pasteurized Vegetables Using Kinetic Models: A Review

PubMed Central

Aamir, Muhammad; Ovissipour, Mahmoudreza; Sablani, Shyam S.; Rasco, Barbara

2013-01-01

A resurgence in interest examining thermal pasteurization technologies has been driven by demands for “cleaner” labeling and the need of organic and natural foods markets for suitable preventive measures to impede microbial growth and extend shelf life of minimally processed foods and ready-to-eat foods with a concomitant reduction in the use of chemical preservatives. This review describes the effects of thermal pasteurization on vegetable quality attributes including altering flavor and texture to improve consumer acceptability, stabilizing color, improving digestibility, palatability and retaining bioavailability of important nutrients, and bioactive compounds. Here, we provide kinetic parameters for inactivation of viral and bacterial pathogens and their surrogates and marker enzymes used to monitor process effectiveness in a variety of plant food items. Data on thermal processing protocols leading to higher retention and bioactivity are also presented. Thermal inactivation of foodborne viruses and pathogenic bacteria, specifically at lower pasteurization temperatures or via new technologies such as dielectric heating, can lead to greater retention of “fresh-like” properties. PMID:26904594

37 CFR 11.115 - Safekeeping property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... of Professional Conduct Client-Practitioner Relationship § 11.115 Safekeeping property. (a) A... third person, shall promptly render a full accounting regarding such property. (e) When in the course of...) Copies of retainer and compensation agreements with clients; (iv) Copies of accountings to clients or...

Hydraulic Properties of Unsaturated Soils

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Many agrophysical applications require knowledge of the hydraulic properties of unsaturated soils. These properties reflect the ability of a soil to retain or transmit water and its dissolved constituents. The objective of this work was to develop an entry for the Encyclopedia of Agrophysics that w...

Site-preference and valency for rare-earth sites in (R-Ce)2Fe14B magnets

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Alam, Aftab; Khan, Mahmud; McCallum, R. W.

2013-01-28

Rare-earth (R) permanent magnets of R2Fe14B have technological importance due to their high energy products, and they have two R-sites (Wyckoff 4f and 4g, with four-fold multiplicity) that affect chemistry and valence. Designing magnetic behavior and stability via alloying is technologically relevant to reduce critical (expensive) R-content while retaining key properties; cerium, an abundant (cheap) R-element, offers this potential. We calculate magnetic properties and Ce site preference in (R1-xCex)2Fe14B [R=La,Nd] using density functional theory (DFT) methods—including a DFT+U scheme to treat localized 4f-electrons. Fe moments compare well with neutron data—almost unaffected by Hubbard U, and weakly affected by spin-orbit coupling.more » In La2Fe14B, Ce alloys for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 and prefers smaller R(4f) sites, as observed, a trend we find unaffected by valence. Whereas, in Nd2Fe14B, Ce is predicted to have limited alloying (x ≤ 0.3) with a preference for larger R(4g) sites, resulting in weak partial ordering and segregation. The Curie temperatures versus x for (Nd,Ce) were predicted for a typical sample processing and verified experimentally.« less

Failure Rates of Orthodontic Fixed Lingual Retainers bonded with Two Flowable Light-cured Adhesives: A Comparative Prospective Clinical Trial.

PubMed

Talic, Nabeel F

2016-08-01

This comparative prospective randomized clinical trial examined the in vivo failure rates of fixed mandibular and maxillary lingual retainers bonded with two light-cured flowable composites over 6 months. Consecutive patients were divided into two groups on a 1:1 basis. Two hundred fixed lingual retainers were included, and their failures were followed for 6 months. One group (n = 50) received retainers bonded with a nano-hybrid composite based on nano-optimized technology (Tetric-N-Flow, Ivoclar Vivadent). Another group (n = 50) received retainers bonded with a low viscosity (LV) composite (Transbond Supreme LV, 3M Unitek). There was no significant difference between the overall failure rates of mandibular retainers bonded with Transbond (8%) and those bonded with Tetric-N-Flow (18%). However, the odds ratio for failure using Tetric-N-flow was 2.52-fold greater than that of Transbond. The failure rate of maxillary retainers bonded with Transbond was higher (14%), but not significantly different, than that of maxillary retainers bonded with Tetric-N-flow (10%). There was no significant difference in the estimated mean survival times of the maxillary and mandibular retainers bonded with the two composites. Both types of composites tested in the current study can be used to bond fixed maxillary and mandibular lingual retainers, with low failure rates.

SiLix-C Nanocomposites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Henry, Francois

2015-01-01

For this Phase II project, Superior Graphite Co., in collaboration with the Georgia Institute of Technology and Streamline Nanotechnologies, Inc., developed, explored the properties of, and demonstrated the enhanced capabilities of novel nanostructured SiLix-C anodes. These anodes can retain high capacity at a rapid 2-hour discharge rate and at 0 C when used in Li-ion batteries. In Phase I, these advanced anode materials had specific capacity in excess of 1,000 mAh/g, minimal irreversible capacity losses, and stable performance for 20 cycles at C/1. The goals in Phase II were to develop and apply a variety of novel nanomaterials, fine-tune the properties of composite particles at the nanoscale, optimize the composition of the anodes, and select appropriate binder and electrolytes. In order to achieve a breakthrough in power characteristics of Li-ion batteries, the team developed new nanostructured SiLix-C anode materials to offer up to 1,200 mAh/g at C/2 at 0 C.

Generation of an expandable intermediate mesoderm restricted progenitor cell line from human pluripotent stem cells

PubMed Central

Kumar, Nathan; Richter, Jenna; Cutts, Josh; Bush, Kevin T; Trujillo, Cleber; Nigam, Sanjay K; Gaasterland, Terry; Brafman, David; Willert, Karl

2015-01-01

The field of tissue engineering entered a new era with the development of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), which are capable of unlimited expansion whilst retaining the potential to differentiate into all mature cell populations. However, these cells harbor significant risks, including tumor formation upon transplantation. One way to mitigate this risk is to develop expandable progenitor cell populations with restricted differentiation potential. Here, we used a cellular microarray technology to identify a defined and optimized culture condition that supports the derivation and propagation of a cell population with mesodermal properties. This cell population, referred to as intermediate mesodermal progenitor (IMP) cells, is capable of unlimited expansion, lacks tumor formation potential, and, upon appropriate stimulation, readily acquires properties of a sub-population of kidney cells. Interestingly, IMP cells fail to differentiate into other mesodermally-derived tissues, including blood and heart, suggesting that these cells are restricted to an intermediate mesodermal fate. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08413.001 PMID:26554899

Conditional repair by locally switching the thermal healing capability of dynamic covalent polymers with light

PubMed Central

Fuhrmann, Anne; Göstl, Robert; Wendt, Robert; Kötteritzsch, Julia; Hager, Martin D.; Schubert, Ulrich S.; Brademann-Jock, Kerstin; Thünemann, Andreas F.; Nöchel, Ulrich; Behl, Marc; Hecht, Stefan

2016-01-01

Healable materials could play an important role in reducing the environmental footprint of our modern technological society through extending the life cycles of consumer products and constructions. However, as most healing processes are carried out by heat alone, the ability to heal damage generally kills the parent material's thermal and mechanical properties. Here we present a dynamic covalent polymer network whose thermal healing ability can be switched ‘on' and ‘off' on demand by light, thereby providing local control over repair while retaining the advantageous macroscopic properties of static polymer networks. We employ a photoswitchable furan-based crosslinker, which reacts with short and mobile maleimide-substituted poly(lauryl methacrylate) chains forming strong covalent bonds while simultaneously allowing the reversible, spatiotemporally resolved control over thermally induced de- and re-crosslinking. We reason that our system can be adapted to more complex materials and has the potential to impact applications in responsive coatings, photolithography and microfabrication. PMID:27941924

Fluorescent nanodiamond-bacteriophage conjugates maintain host specificity.

PubMed

Trinh, Jimmy T; Alkahtani, Masfer H; Rampersaud, Isaac; Rampersaud, Arfaan; Scully, Marlan; Young, Ryland F; Hemmer, Philip; Zeng, Lanying

2018-06-01

Rapid identification of specific bacterial strains within clinical, environmental, and food samples can facilitate the prevention and treatment of disease. Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are being developed as biomarkers in biology and medicine, due to their excellent imaging properties, ability to accept surface modifications, and lack of toxicity. Bacteriophages, the viruses of bacteria, can have exquisite specificity for certain hosts. We propose to exploit the properties of FNDs and phages to develop phages conjugated with FNDs as long-lived fluorescent diagnostic reagents. In this study, we develop a simple procedure to create such fluorescent probes by functionalizing the FNDs and phages with streptavidin and biotin, respectively. We find that the FND-phage conjugates retain the favorable characteristics of the individual components and can discern their proper host within a mixture. This technology may be further explored using different phage/bacteria systems, different FND color centers and alternate chemical labeling schemes for additional means of bacterial identification and new single-cell/virus studies. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Conditional repair by locally switching the thermal healing capability of dynamic covalent polymers with light

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fuhrmann, Anne; Göstl, Robert; Wendt, Robert; Kötteritzsch, Julia; Hager, Martin D.; Schubert, Ulrich S.; Brademann-Jock, Kerstin; Thünemann, Andreas F.; Nöchel, Ulrich; Behl, Marc; Hecht, Stefan

2016-12-01

Healable materials could play an important role in reducing the environmental footprint of our modern technological society through extending the life cycles of consumer products and constructions. However, as most healing processes are carried out by heat alone, the ability to heal damage generally kills the parent material's thermal and mechanical properties. Here we present a dynamic covalent polymer network whose thermal healing ability can be switched `on' and `off' on demand by light, thereby providing local control over repair while retaining the advantageous macroscopic properties of static polymer networks. We employ a photoswitchable furan-based crosslinker, which reacts with short and mobile maleimide-substituted poly(lauryl methacrylate) chains forming strong covalent bonds while simultaneously allowing the reversible, spatiotemporally resolved control over thermally induced de- and re-crosslinking. We reason that our system can be adapted to more complex materials and has the potential to impact applications in responsive coatings, photolithography and microfabrication.

Wafer-scale self-organized InP nanopillars with controlled orientation for photovoltaic devices.

PubMed

Sanatinia, Reza; Berrier, Audrey; Dhaka, Veer; Perros, Alexander P; Huhtio, Teppo; Lipsanen, Harri; Anand, Srinivasan

2015-10-16

A unique wafer-scale self-organization process for generation of InP nanopillars is demonstrated, which is based on maskless ion-beam etching (IBE) of InP developed to obtain the nanopillars, where the height, shape, and orientation of the nanopillars can be varied by controlling the processing parameters. The fabricated InP nanopillars exhibit broadband suppression of the reflectance, 'black InP,' a property useful for solar cells. The realization of a conformal p-n junction for carrier collection, in the fabricated solar cells, is achieved by a metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) overgrowth step on the fabricated pillars. The conformal overgrowth retains the broadband anti-reflection property of the InP nanopillars, indicating the feasibility of this technology for solar cells. Surface passivation of the formed InP nanopillars using sulfur-oleylamine solution resulted in improved solar-cell characteristics. An open-circuit voltage of 0.71 V and an increase of 0.13 V compared to the unpassivated device were achieved.

Proton exchange membrane materials for the advancement of direct methanol fuel-cell technology

DOEpatents

Cornelius, Christopher J [Albuquerque, NM

2006-04-04

A new class of hybrid organic-inorganic materials, and methods of synthesis, that can be used as a proton exchange membrane in a direct methanol fuel cell. In contrast with Nafion.RTM. PEM materials, which have random sulfonation, the new class of materials have ordered sulfonation achieved through self-assembly of alternating polyimide segments of different molecular weights comprising, for example, highly sulfonated hydrophilic PDA-DASA polyimide segment alternating with an unsulfonated hydrophobic 6FDA-DAS polyimide segment. An inorganic phase, e.g., 0.5 5 wt % TEOS, can be incorporated in the sulfonated polyimide copolymer to further improve its properties. The new materials exhibit reduced swelling when exposed to water, increased thermal stability, and decreased O.sub.2 and H.sub.2 gas permeability, while retaining proton conductivities similar to Nafion.RTM.. These improved properties may allow direct methanol fuel cells to operate at higher temperatures and with higher efficiencies due to reduced methanol crossover.

Study of retained austenite and nano-scale precipitation and their effects on properties of a low alloyed multi-phase steel by the two-step intercritical treatment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xie, Z.J.; Han, G., E-mail: hangang@mater.ustb.edu.cn; Zhou, W.H.

2016-03-15

Microstructure evolution and properties were studied in a low carbon low alloyed hot-rolled bainitic steel by annealing and annealing plus tempering. Microstructure of the hot-rolled steel consists of lath bainite and martensite. By annealing at 720 °C for 30 min and water quenching, multi-phase microstructure consisting of intercritical ferrite, tempered bainite/martensite, retained austenite and fresh martensite was obtained. With increasing annealing temperature to 760 °C, microstructure of the steel consisted of intercritical ferrite, fresh martensite without retained austenite. After the second step of tempering at 680 °C for samples annealed both at 720 °C and 760 °C, ~ 8–9% volumemore » fraction of retained austenite was obtained in the multi-phase microstructure. Moreover, fine precipitates of VC with size smaller than 10 nm and copper precipitates with size of ~ 10–50 nm were obtained after tempering. Results from scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) give evidence to support that the partitioning of Mn, Ni and Cu is of significance for retained austenite stabilization. Due to the combined contribution of multiphase microstructure, the transformation-induced-plasticity effect of retained austenite and strengthening effect of nanometer-sized precipitates, yield strength greater than 800 MPa, yield to tensile ratio of 0.9, uniform elongation of ~ 9% and good low temperature impact toughness of 147 J at − 40 °C were achieved. - Highlights: • Stable retained austenite was produced in a low alloyed steel. • Partition of Mn, Ni and Cu was confirmed by STEM for austenite stabilization. • Nano-sized VC and Cu precipitates were achieved by second tempering. • High strength–high toughness with low Y/T ratio was obtained.« less

Study of the mechanical stability and bioactivity of Bioglass(®) based glass-ceramic scaffolds produced via powder metallurgy-inspired technology.

PubMed

Boccardi, Elena; Melli, Virginia; Catignoli, Gabriele; Altomare, Lina; Jahromi, Maryam Tavafoghi; Cerruti, Marta; Lefebvre, Louis-Philippe; De Nardo, Luigi

2016-02-02

Large bone defects are challenging to heal, and often require an osteoconductive and stable support to help the repair of damaged tissue. Bioglass-based scaffolds are particularly promising for this purpose due to their ability to stimulate bone regeneration. However, processing technologies adopted so far do not allow for the synthesis of scaffolds with suitable mechanical properties. Also, conventional sintering processes result in glass de-vitrification, which generates concerns about bioactivity. In this work, we studied the bioactivity and the mechanical properties of Bioglass(®) based scaffolds, produced via a powder technology inspired process. The scaffolds showed compressive strengths in the range of 5-40 MPa, i.e. in the upper range of values reported so far for these materials, had tunable porosity, in the range between 55 and 77%, and pore sizes that are optimal for bone tissue regeneration (100-500 μm). We immersed the scaffolds in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 28 d and analyzed the evolution of the scaffold mechanical properties and microstructure. Even if, after sintering, partial de-vitrification occurred, immersion in SBF caused ion release and the formation of a Ca-P coating within 2 d, which reached a thickness of 10-15 μm after 28 d. This coating contained both hydroxyapatite and an amorphous background, indicating microstructural amorphization of the base material. Scaffolds retained a good compressive strength and structural integrity also after 28 d of immersion (6 MPa compressive strength). The decrease in mechanical properties was mainly related to the increase in porosity, caused by its dissolution, rather than to the amorphization process and the formation of a Ca-P coating. These results suggest that Bioglass(®) based scaffolds produced via powder metallurgy-inspired technique are excellent candidates for bone regeneration applications.

An evaluation of the effectiveness of FreshCase technology to extend the storage life of whole-muscle pork and ground pork sausage.

PubMed

Yang, X; Woerner, D R; McCullough, K R; Hasty, J D; Geornaras, I; Smith, G C; Sofos, J N; Belk, K E

2016-11-01

The objective of this study was to identify the maximum time of refrigerated storage before aerobic psychrotrophic bacteria grew to a level indicative of spoilage (7 log cfu/g) or other indicators of spoilage were observed for whole-muscle pork and ground pork sausage packaged using FreshCase technology. Pork chops and pork sausage were packaged using conventional vacuum packaging without nitrite in film (Control) or using FreshCase technology and were compared with respect to microbial counts, pH, instrumental color measurements, lipid oxidation level, and sensory properties. The storage life was 45 d for pork chops stored in FreshCase packages at 1°C and 19 d for ground pork sausage stored under the same condition. Results indicated that both pork chops and sausage stored in FreshCase packages retained redder color ( < 0.05) than those stored in Control packages. No differences ( > 0.05) existed between Control and FreshCase packaged samples for any off-odor detection for either pork chops or sausage. Moreover, levels of oxidative rancidity in all packages had low thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values. The results indicated that FreshCase technology can be used to extend storage life of pork products without having adverse effects on pork quality.

Employee Retention and Performance Improvement in High-Tech Companies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ware, B. Lynn

2001-01-01

Considers the benefits of employee retention and performance improvement in high technology, new economy companies. Discusses attracting and retaining top talent in information technology companies; targeted recruiting and hiring; employee achievement; learning and professional growth; recognition; nurturing careers; team collaboration; the TALENT…

15 CFR 285.3 - Referencing NVLAP accreditation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ACCREDITATION AND ASSESSMENT PROGRAMS NATIONAL... Standards and Technology and the federal government, who retain exclusive rights to control the use thereof... of announcing their accredited status, and for use on reports that describe only testing and...

15 CFR 285.3 - Referencing NVLAP accreditation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ACCREDITATION AND ASSESSMENT PROGRAMS NATIONAL... Standards and Technology and the federal government, who retain exclusive rights to control the use thereof... of announcing their accredited status, and for use on reports that describe only testing and...

15 CFR 285.3 - Referencing NVLAP accreditation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ACCREDITATION AND ASSESSMENT PROGRAMS NATIONAL... Standards and Technology and the federal government, who retain exclusive rights to control the use thereof... of announcing their accredited status, and for use on reports that describe only testing and...

15 CFR 285.3 - Referencing NVLAP accreditation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ACCREDITATION AND ASSESSMENT PROGRAMS NATIONAL... Standards and Technology and the federal government, who retain exclusive rights to control the use thereof... of announcing their accredited status, and for use on reports that describe only testing and...

15 CFR 285.3 - Referencing NVLAP accreditation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ACCREDITATION AND ASSESSMENT PROGRAMS NATIONAL... Standards and Technology and the federal government, who retain exclusive rights to control the use thereof... of announcing their accredited status, and for use on reports that describe only testing and...

Multifunctional Nanostructured Conductive Polymer Gels: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

DOE PAGES

Zhao, Fei; Shi, Ye; Pan, Lijia; ...

2017-06-26

Conductive polymers have attracted significant interest over the past few decades because they synergize the advantageous features of conventional polymeric materials and organic conductors. With rationally designed nanostructures, conductive polymers can further exhibit exceptional mechanical, electrical, and optical properties because of their confined dimensions at the nanoscale level. Among various nanostructured conductive polymers, conductive polymer gels (CPGs) with synthetically tunable hierarchical 3D network structures show great potential for a wide range of applications, such as bioelectronics, and energy storage/conversion devices owing to their structural features. CPGs retain the properties of nanosized conductive polymers during the assembly of the nanobuilding blocksmore » into a monolithic macroscopic structure while generating structure-derived features from the highly cross-linked network. In this Account, we review our recent progress on the synthesis, properties, and novel applications of dopant cross-linked CPGs. We first describe the synthetic strategies, in which molecules with multiple functional groups are adopted as cross-linkers to cross-link conductive polymer chains into a 3D molecular network. These cross-linking molecules also act as dopants to improve the electrical conductivity of the gel network. The microstructure and physical/chemical properties of CPGs can be tuned by controlling the synthetic conditions such as species of monomers and cross-linkers, reaction temperature, and solvents. By incorporating other functional polymers or particles into the CPG matrix, hybrid gels have been synthesized with tailored structures. These hybrid gel materials retain the functionalities from each component, as well as enable synergic effects to improve mechanical and electrical properties of CPGs. We then introduce the unique structure-derived properties of the CPGs. The network facilitates both electronic and ionic transport owing to the continuous pathways for electrons and hierarchical pores for ion diffusion. CPGs also provide high surface area and solvent compatibility, similar to natural gels. With these improved properties, CPGs have been explored to enable novel conceptual devices in diverse applications from smart electronics and ultrasensitive biosensors, to energy storage and conversion devices. CPGs have also been adopted for developing hybrid materials with multifunctionalities, such as stimuli responsiveness, self-healing properties, and super-repellency to liquid. With synthetically tunable physical/chemical properties, CPGs emerge as a unique material platform to develop novel multifunctional materials that have the potential to impact electronics, energy, and environmental technologies. Our hope is that this Account promotes further efforts toward synthetic control, fundamental investigation, and application exploration of CPGs.« less

Multifunctional Nanostructured Conductive Polymer Gels: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhao, Fei; Shi, Ye; Pan, Lijia

Conductive polymers have attracted significant interest over the past few decades because they synergize the advantageous features of conventional polymeric materials and organic conductors. With rationally designed nanostructures, conductive polymers can further exhibit exceptional mechanical, electrical, and optical properties because of their confined dimensions at the nanoscale level. Among various nanostructured conductive polymers, conductive polymer gels (CPGs) with synthetically tunable hierarchical 3D network structures show great potential for a wide range of applications, such as bioelectronics, and energy storage/conversion devices owing to their structural features. CPGs retain the properties of nanosized conductive polymers during the assembly of the nanobuilding blocksmore » into a monolithic macroscopic structure while generating structure-derived features from the highly cross-linked network. In this Account, we review our recent progress on the synthesis, properties, and novel applications of dopant cross-linked CPGs. We first describe the synthetic strategies, in which molecules with multiple functional groups are adopted as cross-linkers to cross-link conductive polymer chains into a 3D molecular network. These cross-linking molecules also act as dopants to improve the electrical conductivity of the gel network. The microstructure and physical/chemical properties of CPGs can be tuned by controlling the synthetic conditions such as species of monomers and cross-linkers, reaction temperature, and solvents. By incorporating other functional polymers or particles into the CPG matrix, hybrid gels have been synthesized with tailored structures. These hybrid gel materials retain the functionalities from each component, as well as enable synergic effects to improve mechanical and electrical properties of CPGs. We then introduce the unique structure-derived properties of the CPGs. The network facilitates both electronic and ionic transport owing to the continuous pathways for electrons and hierarchical pores for ion diffusion. CPGs also provide high surface area and solvent compatibility, similar to natural gels. With these improved properties, CPGs have been explored to enable novel conceptual devices in diverse applications from smart electronics and ultrasensitive biosensors, to energy storage and conversion devices. CPGs have also been adopted for developing hybrid materials with multifunctionalities, such as stimuli responsiveness, self-healing properties, and super-repellency to liquid. With synthetically tunable physical/chemical properties, CPGs emerge as a unique material platform to develop novel multifunctional materials that have the potential to impact electronics, energy, and environmental technologies. Our hope is that this Account promotes further efforts toward synthetic control, fundamental investigation, and application exploration of CPGs.« less

Multifunctional Nanostructured Conductive Polymer Gels: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications.

PubMed

Zhao, Fei; Shi, Ye; Pan, Lijia; Yu, Guihua

2017-07-18

Conductive polymers have attracted significant interest over the past few decades because they synergize the advantageous features of conventional polymeric materials and organic conductors. With rationally designed nanostructures, conductive polymers can further exhibit exceptional mechanical, electrical, and optical properties because of their confined dimensions at the nanoscale level. Among various nanostructured conductive polymers, conductive polymer gels (CPGs) with synthetically tunable hierarchical 3D network structures show great potential for a wide range of applications, such as bioelectronics, and energy storage/conversion devices owing to their structural features. CPGs retain the properties of nanosized conductive polymers during the assembly of the nanobuilding blocks into a monolithic macroscopic structure while generating structure-derived features from the highly cross-linked network. In this Account, we review our recent progress on the synthesis, properties, and novel applications of dopant cross-linked CPGs. We first describe the synthetic strategies, in which molecules with multiple functional groups are adopted as cross-linkers to cross-link conductive polymer chains into a 3D molecular network. These cross-linking molecules also act as dopants to improve the electrical conductivity of the gel network. The microstructure and physical/chemical properties of CPGs can be tuned by controlling the synthetic conditions such as species of monomers and cross-linkers, reaction temperature, and solvents. By incorporating other functional polymers or particles into the CPG matrix, hybrid gels have been synthesized with tailored structures. These hybrid gel materials retain the functionalities from each component, as well as enable synergic effects to improve mechanical and electrical properties of CPGs. We then introduce the unique structure-derived properties of the CPGs. The network facilitates both electronic and ionic transport owing to the continuous pathways for electrons and hierarchical pores for ion diffusion. CPGs also provide high surface area and solvent compatibility, similar to natural gels. With these improved properties, CPGs have been explored to enable novel conceptual devices in diverse applications from smart electronics and ultrasensitive biosensors, to energy storage and conversion devices. CPGs have also been adopted for developing hybrid materials with multifunctionalities, such as stimuli responsiveness, self-healing properties, and super-repellency to liquid. With synthetically tunable physical/chemical properties, CPGs emerge as a unique material platform to develop novel multifunctional materials that have the potential to impact electronics, energy, and environmental technologies. We hope that this Account promotes further efforts toward synthetic control, fundamental investigation, and application exploration of CPGs.

Oral History as Educational Technology Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Butler, Rebecca P.

2008-01-01

Oral history is a significant type of historical research. Its use in retaining records of the early days of educational technology provides another way to look at the history of this field. The remembrances of its founders inform everyone today of, not only of what went on before, but also of how current and future technologies evolve. There are…

Retaining large and adjustable elastic strains of kilogram-scale Nb nanowires [Better Superconductor by Elastic Strain Engineering: Kilogram-scale Free-Standing Niobium Metal Composite with Large Retained Elastic Strains

DOE PAGES

Hao, Shijie; Cui, Lishan; Wang, Hua; ...

2016-02-10

Crystals held at ultrahigh elastic strains and stresses may exhibit exceptional physical and chemical properties. Individual metallic nanowires can sustain ultra-large elastic strains of 4-7%. However, retaining elastic strains of such magnitude in kilogram-scale nanowires is challenging. Here, we find that under active load, ~5.6% elastic strain can be achieved in Nb nanowires in a composite material. Moreover, large tensile (2.8%) and compressive (-2.4%) elastic strains can be retained in kilogram-scale Nb nanowires when the composite is unloaded to a free-standing condition. It is then demonstrated that the retained tensile elastic strains of Nb nanowires significantly increase their superconducting transitionmore » temperature and critical magnetic fields, corroborating ab initio calculations based on BCS theory. This free-standing nanocomposite design paradigm opens new avenues for retaining ultra-large elastic strains in great quantities of nanowires and elastic-strain-engineering at industrial scale.« less

A noble metal-free proton-exchange membrane fuel cell based on bio-inspired molecular catalysts† †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03774j Click here for additional data file.

PubMed Central

Tran, P. D.; Morozan, A.; Archambault, S.; Heidkamp, J.; Chenevier, P.; Dau, H.; Fontecave, M.

2015-01-01

Hydrogen is a promising energy vector for storing renewable energies: obtained from water-splitting, in electrolysers or photoelectrochemical cells, it can be turned back to electricity on demand in fuel cells (FCs). Proton exchange membrane (PEM) devices with low internal resistance, high compactness and stability are an attractive technology optimized over decades, affording fast start-up times and low operating temperatures. However, they rely on the powerful catalytic properties of noble metals such as platinum, while lower cost, more abundant materials would be needed for economic viability. Replacing these noble metals at both electrodes has long proven to be a difficult task, so far incompatible with PEM technologies. Here we take advantage of newly developed bio-inspired molecular H2 oxidation catalysts and noble metal-free O2-reducing materials, to fabricate a noble metal-free PEMFC, with an 0.74 V open circuit voltage and a 23 μW cm–2 output power under technologically relevant conditions. X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements confirm that the catalysts are stable and retain their structure during turnover. PMID:29142673

Multifunctional hybrid Fe 2O 3-Au nanoparticles for efficient plasmonic heating

DOE PAGES

Murph, Simona E. Hunyadi; Larsen, George K.; Lascola, Robert J.

2016-02-20

We describe the synthesis and properties of multifunctional Fe 2O 3-Au nanoparticles produced by a wet chemical approach and investigate their photothermal properties using laser irradiation. Here, the composite Fe 2O 3-Au nanoparticles retain the properties of both materials, creating a multifunctional structure with excellent magnetic and plasmonic properties.

41 CFR 102-41.35 - Do we report to GSA all seized personal property subject to judicial forfeiture as well as...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... seized personal property subject to judicial forfeiture as well as forfeited, voluntarily abandoned, or unclaimed personal property not retained for official use? 102-41.35 Section 102-41.35 Public Contracts and... REGULATION PERSONAL PROPERTY 41-DISPOSITION OF SEIZED, FORFEITED, VOLUNTARILY ABANDONED, AND UNCLAIMED...

48 CFR 37.302 - Bonds or other security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... amount that the contracting officer considers adequate to (a) ensure completion of the work, (b) protect property to be retained by the Government, (c) protect property to be provided as compensation to the contractor, and (d) protect the Government against damage to adjoining property. [60 FR 49722, Sept. 26, 1995...

48 CFR 37.302 - Bonds or other security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... amount that the contracting officer considers adequate to (a) ensure completion of the work, (b) protect property to be retained by the Government, (c) protect property to be provided as compensation to the contractor, and (d) protect the Government against damage to adjoining property. [60 FR 49722, Sept. 26, 1995...

48 CFR 37.302 - Bonds or other security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... amount that the contracting officer considers adequate to (a) ensure completion of the work, (b) protect property to be retained by the Government, (c) protect property to be provided as compensation to the contractor, and (d) protect the Government against damage to adjoining property. [60 FR 49722, Sept. 26, 1995...

48 CFR 37.302 - Bonds or other security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... amount that the contracting officer considers adequate to (a) ensure completion of the work, (b) protect property to be retained by the Government, (c) protect property to be provided as compensation to the contractor, and (d) protect the Government against damage to adjoining property. [60 FR 49722, Sept. 26, 1995...

Nonlinear optical properties of rigid-rod polymers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Trimmer, Mark S.; Wang, Ying

1992-01-01

The purpose of this research project was to integrate enhanced third order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, especially high x(exp (3)) (greater than 10(exp -8) esu), into Maxdem's novel conjugated rigid-rod polymers while retaining their desirable processing, mechanical, and thermal properties. This work primarily involved synthetic approaches to optimized materials.

New Technologies and Communications Tools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bouse, Jim

2016-01-01

Relationships are key to the success of everything higher education hopes to accomplish, from recruiting the next class to retaining them, guiding them to graduation, creating successful alumni, and fostering satisfied donors. Creation of those relationships can be engaged and facilitated by the technology, communications tools, and ideas…

26 CFR 25.2702-1 - Special valuation rules in the case of transfers of interests in trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... the retained interest is not a qualified interest (as defined in § 25.2702-3), the retained interest... remainder interest in the trust qualifies for a deduction under section 2522. (4) Pooled income fund. A transfer of property to a pooled income fund (as defined in section 642(c)(5)). (5) Charitable lead trust...

Application of a Model for Quenching and Partitioning in Hot Stamping of High-Strength Steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Bin; Liu, Zhuang; Wang, Yanan; Rolfe, Bernard; Wang, Liang; Zhang, Yisheng

2018-04-01

Application of quenching and partitioning process in hot stamping has proven to be an effective method to improve the plasticity of advanced high-strength steels (AHSSs). In this study, the hot stamping and partitioning process of advanced high-strength steel 30CrMnSi2Nb is investigated with a hot stamping mold. Given the specific partitioning time and temperature, the influence of quenching temperature on the volume fraction of microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the above steel are studied in detail. In addition, a model for quenching and partitioning process is applied to predict the carbon diffusion and interface migration during partitioning, which determines the retained austenite volume fraction and final properties of the part. The predicted trends of the retained austenite volume fraction agree with the experimental results. In both cases, the volume fraction of retained austenite increases first and then decreases with the increasing quenching temperature. The optimal quenching temperature is approximately 290 °C for 30CrMnSi2Nb with the partition conditions of 425 °C and 20 seconds. It is suggested that the model can be used to help determine the process parameters to obtain retained austenite as much as possible.

Effect of microstructure on the stability of retained austenite in transformation-induced-plasticity steels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Timokhina, I. B.; Hodgson, P. D.; Pereloma, E. V.

2004-08-01

Two Fe-0.2C-1.55Mn-1.5Si (in wt pct) steels, with and without the addition of 0.039Nb (in wt pct), were studied using laboratory rolling-mill simulations of controlled thermomechanical processing. The microstructures of all samples were characterized by optical metallography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The microstructural behavior of phases under applied strain was studied using a heat-tinting technique. Despite the similarity in the microstructures of the two steels (equal amounts of polygonal ferrite, carbide-free bainite, and retained austenite), the mechanical properties were different. The mechanical properties of these transformation-induced-plasticity (TRIP) steels depended not only on the individual behavior of all these phases, but also on the interaction between the phases during deformation. The polygonal ferrite and bainite of the C-Mn-Si steel contributed to the elongation more than these phases in the C-Mn-Si-Nb-steel. The stability of retained austenite depends on its location within the microstructure, the morphology of the bainite, and its interaction with other phases during straining. Granular bainite was the bainite morphology that provided the optimum stability of the retained austenite.

Development of welding technologies for the manufacturing of European Tritium Breeder blanket modules

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Poitevin, Y.; Aubert, Ph.; Diegele, E.; de Dinechin, G.; Rey, J.; Rieth, M.; Rigal, E.; von der Weth, A.; Boutard, J.-L.; Tavassoli, F.

2011-10-01

Europe has developed two reference Tritium Breeder Blankets concepts for a DEMO fusion reactor: the Helium-Cooled Lithium-Lead and the Helium-Cooled Pebble-Bed. Both are using the reduced-activation ferritic-martensitic EUROFER-97 steel as structural material and will be tested in ITER under the form of test blanket modules. The fabrication of their EUROFER structures requires developing welding processes like laser, TIG, EB and diffusion welding often beyond the state-of-the-art. The status of European achievements in this area is reviewed, illustrating the variety of processes and key issues behind retained options, in particular with respect to metallurgical aspects and mechanical properties. Fabrication of mock-ups is highlighted and their characterization and performances with respect to design requirements are reviewed.

Robust QKD-based private database queries based on alternative sequences of single-qubit measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, YuGuang; Liu, ZhiChao; Chen, XiuBo; Zhou, YiHua; Shi, WeiMin

2017-12-01

Quantum channel noise may cause the user to obtain a wrong answer and thus misunderstand the database holder for existing QKD-based quantum private query (QPQ) protocols. In addition, an outside attacker may conceal his attack by exploiting the channel noise. We propose a new, robust QPQ protocol based on four-qubit decoherence-free (DF) states. In contrast to existing QPQ protocols against channel noise, only an alternative fixed sequence of single-qubit measurements is needed by the user (Alice) to measure the received DF states. This property makes it easy to implement the proposed protocol by exploiting current technologies. Moreover, to retain the advantage of flexible database queries, we reconstruct Alice's measurement operators so that Alice needs only conditioned sequences of single-qubit measurements.

A novel hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on hemoglobin-collagen-CNTs composite nanofibers.

PubMed

Li, J; Mei, H; Zheng, W; Pan, P; Sun, X J; Li, F; Guo, F; Zhou, H M; Ma, J Y; Xu, X X; Zheng, Y F

2014-06-01

In this paper, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were successfully incorporated in the composite composed of hemoglobin (Hb) and collagen using co-electrospinning technology. The formed Hb-collagen-CNTs composite nanofibers possessed distinct advantage of three-dimensional porous structure, biocompatibility and excellent stability. The Hb immobilized in the electrospun nanofibers retained its natural structure and the heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (ks) of the direct electron transfer between Hb and electrodes was 5.3s(-1). In addition, the electrospun Hb-collagen-CNTs nanofibers modified electrodes showed good electrocatalytic properties toward H2O2 with a detection limit of 0.91μM (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) and the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km(app)) of 32.6μM. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mechanical Properties and Real-Time Damage Evaluations of Environmental Barrier Coated SiC/SiC CMCs Subjected to Tensile Loading Under Thermal Gradients

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Appleby, Matthew; Zhu, Dongming; Morscher, Gregory

2015-01-01

SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) require new state-of-the art environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) to withstand increased temperature requirements and high velocity combustion corrosive combustion gasses. The present work compares the response of coated and uncoated SiC/SiC CMC substrates subjected to simulated engine environments followed by high temperature mechanical testing to asses retained properties and damage mechanisms. Our focus is to explore the capabilities of electrical resistance (ER) measurements as an NDE technique for testing of retained properties under combined high heat-flux and mechanical loading conditions. Furthermore, Acoustic Emission (AE) measurements and Digital Image Correlation (DIC) were performed to determine material damage onset and accumulation.

Cell–scaffold interaction within engineered tissue

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Haiping; Liu, Yuanyuan, E-mail: Yuanyuan_liu@shu.edu.cn; Jiang, Zhenglong

The structure of a tissue engineering scaffold plays an important role in modulating tissue growth. A novel gelatin–chitosan (Gel–Cs) scaffold with a unique structure produced by three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology combining with vacuum freeze-drying has been developed for tissue-engineering applications. The scaffold composed of overall construction, micro-pore, surface morphology, and effective mechanical property. Such a structure meets the essential design criteria of an ideal engineered scaffold. The favorable cell–matrix interaction supports the active biocompatibility of the structure. The structure is capable of supporting cell attachment and proliferation. Cells seeded into this structure tend to maintain phenotypic shape and secreted largemore » amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cell growth decreased the mechanical properties of scaffold. This novel biodegradable scaffold has potential applications for tissue engineering based upon its unique structure, which acts to support cell growth. - Highlights: • The scaffold is not only for providing a surface for cell residence but also for determining cell phenotype and retaining structural integrity. • The mechanical property of scaffold can be affected by activities of cell. • The scaffold provides a microenvironment for cell attachment, growth, and migration.« less

Quality and safety of fish curry processed by sous vide cook chilled and hot filled technology process during refrigerated storage.

PubMed

Shakila, R Jeya; Raj, B Edwin; Felix, N

2012-06-01

Fish curry, a traditional Indian dish was prepared from farmed fish Cobia (Rachycentron canadum), packaged by two different cook-chill processes namely, sous vide cook chilled and hot filled technology and held at 2 °C. Biochemical composition revealed that fish curry contained 5% protein and 6% fat. Omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) retained 55.44% while docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) retained 29% during cook-chilling process. The major fatty acids in fish curry were C18:2, C12:0, C16:0 and C18:1. Shelf-life of sous vide cook chilled and hot filled technology processed fish curry were 8 and 12 weeks, respectively. Total bacterial counts were detected after 4 weeks and 12 weeks in sous vide cook chilled and hot filled technology processes, respectively. Total staphylococci were detected in sous vide cook chilled and hot filled technology processed cobia fish curry after 4 and 12 weeks, respectively. Total bacilli, anaerobic sulfite reducing clostridia, Salmonella, and lactic acid bacteria were absent. Hot filled technology process was more efficient and could be applied for chilled fish curry preservation for 12 weeks without any safety problems.

Bioinspired air-retaining nanofur for drag reduction.

PubMed

Kavalenka, Maryna N; Vüllers, Felix; Lischker, Simone; Zeiger, Claudia; Hopf, Andreas; Röhrig, Michael; Rapp, Bastian E; Worgull, Matthias; Hölscher, Hendrik

2015-05-27

Bioinspired nanofur, covered by a dense layer of randomly distributed high aspect ratio nano- and microhairs, possesses superhydrophobic and air-retaining properties. Nanofur is fabricated using a highly scalable hot pulling method in which softened polymer is elongated with a heated sandblasted plate. Here we investigate the stability of the underwater air layer retained by the irregular nanofur topography by applying hydraulic pressure to the nanofur kept underwater, and evaluate the gradual changes in the air-covered area. Furthermore, the drag reduction resulting from the nanofur air retention is characterized by measuring the pressure drop across channels with and without nanofur.

Tendencies of International Career of Romanian Researchers: Brain Drain?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Popescu, Dan; Patrasca, Mihaela; Chivu, Iulia

2006-01-01

Recent economic and technological developments have led to a growing international demand for highly skilled human resources. The increased competition for human capital has determined numerous OECD countries to take special measures for attracting and retaining human capital in such fields as: information technology, biotechnology,…

Motivations of Women Participating in a Technology-Based Social Entrepreneurship Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dzombak, Rachel; Mouakkad, Sally; Mehta, Khanjan

2016-01-01

Academic programs focused on engineering entrepreneurship are growing in number and popularity at American universities. However, the fields of engineering, entrepreneurship and technology-based entrepreneurship struggle to recruit and retain female students: a historic and endemic failure at obtaining gender-balanced participation. Understanding…

Six Strategies for Beating the Competition for Information Technology Workers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pernal, Michael

1999-01-01

Connecticut State University has achieved success in recruiting and retaining information technology (IT) workers through six strategies: modifying the administrative structure to make positions and salaries more attractive; grooming students for IT positions; promoting benefits of university employment; transferring state civil-service employees;…

26 CFR 5c.168(f)(8)-1 - Special rules for leases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... under section 38 with respect to the leased property. (b) Exception for qualified research expenditures... to another person for the right to use personal property in the conduct of qualified research shall... (e.g., has legal title to the property) and retains the burdens, benefits, and incidents of ownership...

26 CFR 5c.168(f)(8)-1 - Special rules for leases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... under section 38 with respect to the leased property. (b) Exception for qualified research expenditures... to another person for the right to use personal property in the conduct of qualified research shall... (e.g., has legal title to the property) and retains the burdens, benefits, and incidents of ownership...

26 CFR 5c.168(f)(8)-1 - Special rules for leases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... under section 38 with respect to the leased property. (b) Exception for qualified research expenditures... to another person for the right to use personal property in the conduct of qualified research shall... (e.g., has legal title to the property) and retains the burdens, benefits, and incidents of ownership...

26 CFR 5c.168(f)(8)-1 - Special rules for leases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... under section 38 with respect to the leased property. (b) Exception for qualified research expenditures... to another person for the right to use personal property in the conduct of qualified research shall... (e.g., has legal title to the property) and retains the burdens, benefits, and incidents of ownership...

26 CFR 5c.168(f)(8)-1 - Special rules for leases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... under section 38 with respect to the leased property. (b) Exception for qualified research expenditures... to another person for the right to use personal property in the conduct of qualified research shall... (e.g., has legal title to the property) and retains the burdens, benefits, and incidents of ownership...

26 CFR 25.2518-1 - Qualified disclaimers of property; in general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... property. For rules relating to the determination of when a transfer creating an interest occurs, see § 25... retains the right to receive the income for life. Upon the death of W, which occurs after December 31, 1976, the trust property is distributable to W's surviving issue, per stirpes. The transfer creating...

Information technology: building nursing intellectual capital for the information age.

PubMed

Simpson, Roy L

2007-01-01

Healthcare is evolving from a task-based industry to a knowledge-based one. To gain and retain value as intellectual capital, nursing likewise must evolve from a vocation of task performers to a profession of knowledge-workers. Information technology can transform nursing tasks into nursing knowledge.

75 FR 27538 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-17

... Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. Chapter 35). Agency: Green Technology Pilot Program. Form Number(s): PTO... Examination Pilot Program for Green Technologies, (ii) the public may protest a pending application, and (iii...'s Obligation: Required to obtain or retain benefits. OMB Desk Officer: Nicholas A. Fraser, e-mail...

34 CFR 607.10 - What activities may and may not be carried out under a grant?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., including the integration of computer technology into institutional facilities to create smart buildings... academic programs or methodology, including computer-assisted instruction, that strengthen the academic... new technology or methodology to increase student success and retention or to retain accreditation; or...

The National Educational Technology Plan: Continuing the Dialogue

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rose, Raymond; Waks, Leonard

2012-01-01

The members of the working group on National Educational Technology Policy continue to base their formulations around entrenched conceptions of education, retaining the language of teachers, students, curriculum standards, specified objectives and the like. Several of those participating in the panel examining the policy report in an earlier issue…

Evaluating new products and technology: getting the most value for your organization.

PubMed

Skorup, Thomas E

2008-12-01

The challenges of maintaining effective technology assessment and value analysis committees include: Aligning committee structure. Engaging and retaining physicians. Establishing effective processes. Ensuring the committee has the appropriate clinical expertise. Securing senior-level participation. Addressing organizational fit. Defining the scope of the committee. Strategic posturing.

34 CFR 607.10 - What activities may and may not be carried out under a grant?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., including the integration of computer technology into institutional facilities to create smart buildings... academic programs or methodology, including computer-assisted instruction, that strengthen the academic... new technology or methodology to increase student success and retention or to retain accreditation; or...

Ion transport by primary cultures of canine tracheal epithelium: methodology, morphology, and electrophysiology.

PubMed

Welsh, M J

1985-01-01

Canine tracheal epithelial cells were isolated by enzymatic and mechanical dispersion and cultured on permeable supports. The cells formed confluent monolayers and retained most of the morphologic characteristics of the intact epithelium, including apical microvilli, apical tight junctions, and a moderately interdigitated lateral intercellular space. The cells also retained the functional properties of the epithelium. The monolayer responded to addition of isoproterenol with the characteristic changes in cellular electrical properties expected for stimulation of C1 secretion: isoproterenol increased transepithelial voltage, depolarized apical membrane voltage, and decreased both transepithelial resistance and the ratio of apical-to-basolateral membrane resistance. Examination of the cellular response to ion substitutions and inhibitors of C1 secretion indicate that the cultured monolayers retain the same cellular mechanisms of ion transport as the intact epithelium. Thus, primary cultures of tracheal epithelium may provide a useful preparation for future studies of the mechanism and regulation of C1 secretion by airway epithelia.

Site-preference and valency for rare-earth sites in (R-Ce)(2)Fe14B magnets

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Alam, A; Khan, M; McCallum, RW

2013-01-28

Rare-earth (R) permanent magnets of R2Fe14B have technological importance due to their high energy products, and they have two R-sites (Wyckoff 4f and 4g, with four-fold multiplicity) that affect chemistry and valence. Designing magnetic behavior and stability via alloying is technologically relevant to reduce critical (expensive) R-content while retaining key properties; cerium, an abundant (cheap) R-element, offers this potential. We calculate magnetic properties and Ce site preference in (R1-xCex)(2)Fe14B [R = La, Nd] using density functional theory (DFT) methods-including a DFT+U scheme to treat localized 4f-electrons. Fe moments compare well with neutron data-almost unaffected by Hubbard U, and weakly affectedmore » by spin-orbit coupling. In La2Fe14B, Ce alloys for 0 <= x <= 1 and prefers smaller R(4f) sites, as observed, a trend we find unaffected by valence. Whereas, in Nd2Fe14B, Ce is predicted to have limited alloying (x <= 0.3) with a preference for larger R(4g) sites, resulting in weak partial ordering and segregation. The Curie temperatures versus x for (Nd, Ce) were predicted for a typical sample processing and verified experimentally. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4789527]« less

Structural stability of posterior retainer design for resin-bonded prostheses: a 3D finite element study.

PubMed

Lin, Jie; Zheng, Zhiqiang; Shinya, Akikazu; Matinlinna, Jukka Pekka; Botelho, Michael George; Shinya, Akiyoshi

2015-09-01

The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the stress distribution and natural frequency of different shape and thickness retainer designs for maxillary posterior resin-bonded prostheses using finite element (FE) method. A 3D FE model of a three unit posterior resin-bonded prosthesis analysis model was generated. Three different shaped retainer designs, viz. C-shaped (three axial surface wraparounds), D-shaped (three axial surface wraparounds with central groove) and O-shaped (360° wraparounds), and three different thicknesses, viz., 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 mm, resin-bonded prostheses were used in this study. The resin-bonded prosthesis analysis model was imported into an FE analysis software (ANSYS 10.0, ANSYS, USA) and attribution of material properties. The nodes at the bottom surface of the roots were assigned fixed zero displacement in the three spatial dimensions. A simulated angle of 45° loading of a 100 N force was applied to the node of the pontic lingual cusp surface. The stress distributions and corresponding natural frequencies were analyzed and resolved. The C-shaped retainer for 0.4 mm thickness recorded the greatest von Mises stresses of 71.4 MPa for all three groups. C-shaped, D-shaped and O-shaped retainer presented natural frequencies 3,988, 7,754, and 10,494 Hz, respectively. D-shaped retainer and O-shaped retainer increased natural frequencies and structural rigidity over the traditional C-shaped retainer. The maximum von Mises stresses values of the remaining tooth and prosthesis decreased with greater retainer thickness. D-shaped retainer and O-shaped retainer increased natural frequencies and structural rigidity over the traditional C-shaped retainer.

28 CFR 541.22 - Administrative detention.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... conduct a psychiatric or psychological assessment, including a personal interview, when administrative... reasonable amounts of personal property. An inmate in administrative detention shall be permitted to have a... safety, or housekeeping the amount of personal property that an inmate may retain while in administrative...

The future of hemodialysis membranes.

PubMed

Humes, H D; Fissell, W H; Tiranathanagul, K

2006-04-01

Hemodialytic treatment of patients with either acute or chronic renal failure has had a dramatic impact on the mortality rates of these patients. Unfortunately, this membrane-based therapy is still incomplete renal replacement, as the mortality and morbidity of these patients remain unacceptably high. Much progress must be made to improve the biocompatibility of hemodialysis membranes as well as their hydraulic and permselective properties to remove small solutes and 'middle molecules' in compact cartridges. The next directions of development will leverage materials and mechanical engineering technology, including microfluidics and nanofabrication, to further improve the clearance functions of the kidney to replicate glomerular permselectivity while retaining high rates of hydraulic permeability. The extension of membrane technology to biohybrid devices utilizing progenitor/stem cells will be another substantive advance for renal replacement therapy. The ability to not only replace solute and water clearance but also active reabsorptive transport and metabolic activity will add additional benefit to the therapy of patients suffering from renal failure. This area of translational research is rich in creative opportunities to improve the unmet medical needs of patients with either chronic or acute renal failure.

SmartShape™ technology. Modifying the shape of the beef cuberoll and the consumer response to shaped scotch fillet steaks.

PubMed

Taylor, Johanne; van de Ven, Remy; Hopkins, David L

2014-03-01

SmartShape™ is a novel meat processing technology that uses air pressure to compress and elongate whole cold-boned primals and packages them to retain form. A two stage study was conducted. The first stage established the ability of the SmartShape™ treated beef cube roll (m. longissimus lumborum) to retain shape in a commercial setting. Twelve hours chilling time following treatment was found to be adequate for steaks to retain their shape for up to 24h after slicing. Steak shape and size did not change substantially until after cooking, when the steaks looked less formed. In the second stage a survey was conducted of 421 consumers to clarify the response to the shaping of a subset of raw and cooked scotch fillet steaks. There was no difference in preference for shaped or control steaks. A secondary survey found that informed consumers were more amenable to the SmartShape™ scotch fillet steaks presented here, but would not pay a premium for them. Crown Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

19 CFR 162.46 - Summary forfeiture: Disposition of goods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... and has been denied, and the property is not retained for official use, it shall be disposed of in...) General. If the forfeited property is cleared for sale, it shall be sold in accordance with the applicable...) Transfer to another port for sale. Property shall be moved to and sold at such other Customs port as the...

19 CFR 162.46 - Summary forfeiture: Disposition of goods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... and has been denied, and the property is not retained for official use, it shall be disposed of in...) General. If the forfeited property is cleared for sale, it shall be sold in accordance with the applicable...) Transfer to another port for sale. Property shall be moved to and sold at such other Customs port as the...

Children's Ascriptions of Property Rights with Changes of Ownership

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kim, Sunae; Kalish, Charles W.

2009-01-01

Ownership is not a "natural" property of objects, but is determined by human intentions. Facts about who owns what may be altered by appropriate decisions. However, young children often deny the efficacy of transfer decisions, asserting that original owners retain rights to their property. In Experiment 1, 4-5-year-old and 7-8-year-old children…

Development of an advanced high-temperature fastener system for advanced aerospace vehicle application

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kull, F. R.

1975-01-01

The results of a program to develop a lightweight high temperature reusable fastening system for aerospace vehicle thermal protection system applications are documented. This feasibility program resulted in several fastener innovations which will meet the specific needs of the heat shield application. Three systems were designed from Hayes 188 alloy and tested by environmental exposure and residual mechanical properties. The designs include a clinch stud with a collar retainer, a weld stud with a split ring retainer, and a caged stud with a collar retainer. The results indicated that a lightweight, reusable, high temperature fastening system can be developed for aerospace vehicle application.

Analysis of Retainer Induced Disturbances of Reaction Wheel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Taniwaki, Shigemune; Kudo, Masahito; Sato, Makoto; Ohkami, Yoshiaki

A ball bearing reaction wheel (RW) is a key attitude control actuator of spacecrafts, but it is also a major source of inner disturbances. Future space mission requires high attitude stability, and disturbance property of the RW must be improved. There are some disturbance sources inside the RW, and abnormal motion of a retainer is one of the most significant ones. The retainer is one of mechanical parts of a ball bearing supporting a rotor spin axis. It is used to keep the ball intervals. Therefore it is nonholonomically constrained with balls, an inner race, and an outer race, and its complex motion causes disturbances which are difficult to be effectively removed. In this paper, dynamics of the retainer is investigated through experimental tests and numerical simulations. Disturbances of normal and abnormal RWs are compared, and relation between retainer mass imbalances and their dynamics are investigated. As results, a trade-off relation between instability reduction and disturbance reduction is verified and one of the criteria to decide the appropriate mass imbalance is proposed.

A Correlative Study between Spirituality and Retention among Information Technology Workers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Douglas, Jonathan

2010-01-01

With the downturn in growth of the U.S. economy and significant layoffs in the IT industry in 2009, retaining information technology (IT) workers is increasingly important to businesses as IT workers carry broad responsibilities for the analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance of critical business systems. Turnover of IT workers causes a…

Learning without Onboarding: How Assessing and Evaluating Learning Benefits New Information Technology Hires

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morris, Dory L.

2013-01-01

Onboarding ensures learning success through sharing and acquiring knowledge to remain competitive. However, little is known about new Information Technology (IT) hires' learning needs in the absence of onboarding; therefore, the purpose of this case study was to examine, increase, and retain their technical knowledge at the Unified Communications…

Drafting & Design Technology. Technical Committee Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Idaho State Dept. of Education, Boise. Div. of Vocational Education.

This Technical Committee Report prepared by industry representatives in Idaho lists the skills currently necessary for an employee in that state to obtain a job in drafting and design technology, retain a job once hired, and advance in that occupational field. (Task lists are grouped according to duty areas generally used in industry settings, and…

Electronic Technology. Technical Committee Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Idaho State Dept. of Education, Boise. Div. of Vocational Education.

This Technical Committee Report prepared by industry representatives in Idaho lists the skills currently necessary for an employee in that state to obtain a job in electronic technology, retain a job once hired, and advance in that occupational field. (Task lists are grouped according to duty areas generally used in industry settings, and are used…

Autobody Technology. Technical Committee Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Idaho State Dept. of Education, Boise. Div. of Vocational Education.

This Technical Committee Report prepared by industry representatives in Idaho lists the skills currently necessary for an employee in that state to obtain a job in autobody technology, retain a job once hired, and advance in that occupational field. (Task lists are grouped according to duty areas generally used in industry settings and are used as…

Convergence of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Tools in Project Based Learning (PBL)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thamarasseri, Ismail

2014-01-01

Rapid technological advancement influences the communication and information management as well as knowledge construction. Within the context of new challenges, lifelong learning emerges a fundamental element for the constant development of professionals. So that it dynamically adapts to change and retain a state-of-the-art identity. At present,…

Printing/Graphic Arts Technology. Technical Committee Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Idaho State Dept. of Education, Boise. Div. of Vocational Education.

This Technical Committee Report prepared by industry representatives in Idaho lists the skills currently necessary for an employee in that state to obtain a job in printing and graphic arts technology, retain a job once hired, and advance in that occupational field. (Task lists are grouped according to duty areas generally used in industry…

From chemicals to cold plasma: Non-thermal food processing technologies research at the USDA's Eastern Regional Research Center

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Foodborne pathogens cause millions of illnesses every year. At the US Department of Agriculture’s Eastern Regional Research Center, scientists and engineers have focused on developing new ways to improve food safety and shelf life while retaining quality and nutritional value. A variety of technolog...

Retaining Students in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Majors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watkins, Jessica; Mazur, Eric

2013-01-01

In this paper we present results relating undergraduate student retention in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors to the use of Peer Instruction (PI) in an introductory physics course at a highly selective research institution. We compare the percentages of students who switch out of a STEM major after taking a physics…

Applied Welding Technology. Technical Committee Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Idaho State Dept. of Education, Boise. Div. of Vocational Education.

This Technical Committee Report prepared by industry representatives in Idaho lists the skills currently necessary for an employee in that state to obtain a job in applied welding technology, retain a job once hired, and advance in that occupational field. (Task lists are grouped according to duty areas generally used in industry settings, and are…

Automotive Technology. Technical Committee Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Idaho State Dept. of Education, Boise. Div. of Vocational Education.

This Technical Committee Report prepared by industry representatives in Idaho lists the skills currently necessary for an employee in that state to obtain a job in automotive technology, retain a job once hired, and advance in that occupational field. (Task lists are grouped according to duty areas generally used in industry settings, and are used…

Industrial Maintenance Technology. Technical Committee Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Idaho State Dept. of Education, Boise. Div. of Vocational Education.

This Technical Committee Report prepared by industry representatives in Idaho lists the skills currently necessary for an employee in that state to obtain a job in industrial maintenance technology, retain a job once hired, and advance in that occupational field. (Task lists are grouped according to duty areas generally used in industry settings,…

Using Imperceptible Digital Watermarking Technologies To Transform Educational Media: A Prototype.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGraw, Tammy M.; Burdette, Krista; Seale, Virginia B.; Ross, John D.

The Institute for the Advancement of Emerging Technologies in Education (IAETE) at AEL recently explored the potential benefits and limitations of traditional print-based textbooks and many e-book alternatives. Having considered these media, IAETE created prototype interactive textbook pages that retain the salient aspects of print media while…

Precision Machining Technology. Technical Committee Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Idaho State Dept. of Education, Boise. Div. of Vocational Education.

This Technical Committee Report prepared by industry representatives in Idaho lists the skills currently necessary for an employee in that state to obtain a job in precision machining technology, retain a job once hired, and advance in that occupational field. (Task lists are grouped according to duty areas generally used in industry settings, and…

Self-Supporting Nanoclay as Internal Scaffold Material for Direct Printing of Soft Hydrogel Composite Structures in Air.

PubMed

Jin, Yifei; Liu, Chengcheng; Chai, Wenxuan; Compaan, Ashley; Huang, Yong

2017-05-24

Three dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology enables the freeform fabrication of complex constructs from various hydrogels and is receiving increasing attention in tissue engineering. The objective of this study is to develop a novel self-supporting direct hydrogel printing approach to extrude complex 3D hydrogel composite structures in air without the help of a support bath. Laponite, a member of the smectite mineral family, is investigated to serve as an internal scaffold material for the direct printing of hydrogel composite structures in air. In the proposed printing approach, due to its yield-stress property, Laponite nanoclay can be easily extruded through a nozzle as a liquid and self-supported after extrusion as a solid. Its unique crystal structure with positive and negative charges enables it to be mixed with many chemically and physically cross-linked hydrogels, which makes it an ideal internal scaffold material for the fabrication of various hydrogel structures. By mixing Laponite nanoclay with various hydrogel precursors, the hydrogel composites retain their self-supporting capacity and can be printed into 3D structures directly in air and retain their shapes before cross-linking. Then, the whole structures are solidified in situ by applying suitable cross-linking stimuli. The addition of Laponite nanoclay can effectively improve the mechanical and biological properties of hydrogel composites. Specifically, the addition of Laponite nanoclay results in a significant increase in the Young's modulus of each hydrogel-Laponite composite: 1.9-fold increase for the poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)-Laponite composite, 7.4-fold increase for the alginate-Laponite composite, and 3.3-fold increase for the gelatin-Laponite composite.

Preparation and characterization of bottom ferromagnetic electrode for graphene based magnetic junction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, Shufan; Cobas, Enrique; van't Erve, Olaf M. J.; Jonker, Berend T.

2016-03-01

Magnetic multilayer stacks incorporating several layers of graphene have been predicted to produce very high magnetoresistance and high conductivity, a combination of properties that would be useful in magnetic sensors and future spin-based data storage and processing technologies such as MRAM. To realize the theoretically modeled heterostructures and probe their properties, a clean, high-quality graphene-ferromagnet interface, such as one that results from CVD of graphene directly on ferromagnetic films, is required. However, past works using Ni and Co films for CVD of graphene employ the ferromagnetic film as a sacrificial layer to be dissolved after graphene growth and ignore changes to its morphology and magnetic properties. Here we investigated the effect of graphene CVD growth conditions on the properties of Co, Ni, Co90Fe10 and Ni80Fe20 ferromagnetic films. The magnetic films were grown by dc magnetron sputtering with different growth conditions onto c-Al2O3, Si/AlN and MgO substrates. The crystalline orientation, surface morphology/roughness and magnetic properties of the films were measured using X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry, respectively. Cobalt films grown at 500 °C were found to be hcp and heteroepitaxial on c-Al2O3. CoFe, Ni, and NiFe films on c-Al2O3 were found to be fcc and to be (111) textured but with grains having in-plane rotation differing by 60°. The CoFe and NiFe films on c-Al2O3 retained their small coercivity and high remanence while the pure Co and Ni films exhibited much smaller remanence after graphene growth, making them unsuitable for magnetic memory technologies. Films on Si/AlN were found to have the same rotational domains as those on sapphire c-Al2O3. The NiFe films on (111) MgO were found to be mostly single domain.

7 CFR 3200.7 - Title.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2000-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2000-01-01 2000-01-01 false Title. 3200.7 Section 3200.7 Agriculture Regulations... PERSONAL PROPERTY § 3200.7 Title. Title to excess personal property obtained under Part 3200 will... will give preference to the Federal agency that will retain title in the Government. ...

7 CFR 3200.7 - Title.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Title. 3200.7 Section 3200.7 Agriculture Regulations... PERSONAL PROPERTY § 3200.7 Title. Title to excess personal property obtained under Part 3200 will... will give preference to the Federal agency that will retain title in the Government. ...

7 CFR 3200.7 - Title.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Title. 3200.7 Section 3200.7 Agriculture Regulations... PERSONAL PROPERTY § 3200.7 Title. Title to excess personal property obtained under Part 3200 will... will give preference to the Federal agency that will retain title in the Government. ...

7 CFR 3200.7 - Title.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2009-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2009-01-01 2009-01-01 false Title. 3200.7 Section 3200.7 Agriculture Regulations... PERSONAL PROPERTY § 3200.7 Title. Title to excess personal property obtained under Part 3200 will... will give preference to the Federal agency that will retain title in the Government. ...

7 CFR 3200.7 - Title.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Title. 3200.7 Section 3200.7 Agriculture Regulations... PERSONAL PROPERTY § 3200.7 Title. Title to excess personal property obtained under Part 3200 will... will give preference to the Federal agency that will retain title in the Government. ...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jiang, Xiujuan; Whalen, Scott A.; Darsell, Jens T.

Soft magnetic materials are often limited in scalability due to conventional processes that do not retain beneficial microstructures, and their associated physical properties, during densification. In this work, friction consolidation (FC) has been studied to fabricate Fe-Si soft magnetic materials from gas-atomized powder precursors. Fe-Si powder is consolidated using variable pressure and tool rotation speed in an effort to evaluate this unique densification approach for potential improvements in magnetic properties. FC, due to the high shear deformation involved, is shown to result in uniform gradual grain structure refinement across the consolidated workpiece from the center nearest the tool to themore » edge. Magnetic properties along different orientations indicate little, if any, textural orientation in the refined grain structure. The effect of annealing on the magnetic properties is evaluated and shown to decrease coercivity. FC processing was able to retain the magnetization of the original gas-atomized powders but further process optimization is needed to reach the optimal coercivity for the soft magnetic materials applications.« less

CAM Highlights (FY 82)

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-11-01

rate of productivity growth for several years. As a result, foreign products have become more competitive in markets that were previously dominated by...the US. In order to retain an edge in the markets , the US has concen- trated on introducing new technology. One area of heavy technology...by at least 20%. When MMT effort 6 7430 was completed in 1979, the philosophy and principles of group technology were applied as a means for

Effect of Post-weld Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Supermartensitic Stainless Steel Deposit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zappa, Sebastián; Svoboda, Hernán; Surian, Estela

2017-02-01

Supermartensitic stainless steels have good weldability and adequate tensile property, toughness and corrosion resistance. They have been developed as an alternative technology, mainly for oil and gas industries. The final properties of a supermartensitic stainless steel deposit depend on its chemical composition and microstructure: martensite, tempered martensite, ferrite, retained austenite and carbides and/or nitrides. In these steels, the post-weld heat treatments (PWHTs) are usually double tempering ones, to ensure both complete tempering of martensite and high austenite content, to increase toughness and decrease hardness. The aim of this work was to study the effect of post-weld heat treatments (solution treatment with single and double tempering) on the mechanical properties of a supermartensitic stainless steel deposit. An all-weld metal test coupon was welded according to standard ANSI/AWS A5.22-95 using a GMAW supermartensitic stainless steel metal cored wire, under gas shielding. PWHTs were carried out varying the temperature of the first tempering treatment with and without a second tempering one, after solution treatment. All-weld metal chemical composition analysis, metallurgical characterization, hardness and tensile property measurements and Charpy-V tests were carried out. There are several factors which can be affected by the PWHTs, among them austenite content is a significant one. Different austenite contents (0-42%) were found. Microhardness, tensile property and toughness were affected with up to 15% of austenite content, by martensite tempering and carbide precipitation. The second tempering treatment seemed not to have had an important effect on the mechanical properties measured in this work.

Information technology research: Transforming our future

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bajcsy, Ruzena, Dr.

2001-08-01

The Information Age is transforming our economy and our lives. In its pathbreaking 1999 report to President Clinton, the Presidential Information Technology Advisory Committee (PITAC) outlined the ten crucial ways that new technologies are transforming society in the U.S. It is clear that the Federal government will need to provide the critical R&D investments that will help retain and bolster the U.S. technological lead in the 21st century. These investments will also support efforts to make new technologies and their benefits available to all U.S. citizens.

42 CFR 137.215 - How does a Self-Governance Tribe obtain title to real and personal property furnished by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... to determine the presence of any hazardous substance activity, as defined in 41 CFR 101-47.202-2(b... retain the title. (b) For government-furnished personal property made available to a Self-Governance...

42 CFR 137.215 - How does a Self-Governance Tribe obtain title to real and personal property furnished by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... to determine the presence of any hazardous substance activity, as defined in 41 CFR 101-47.202-2(b... retain the title. (b) For government-furnished personal property made available to a Self-Governance...

42 CFR 137.215 - How does a Self-Governance Tribe obtain title to real and personal property furnished by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... to determine the presence of any hazardous substance activity, as defined in 41 CFR 101-47.202-2(b... retain the title. (b) For government-furnished personal property made available to a Self-Governance...

42 CFR 137.215 - How does a Self-Governance Tribe obtain title to real and personal property furnished by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... to determine the presence of any hazardous substance activity, as defined in 41 CFR 101-47.202-2(b... retain the title. (b) For government-furnished personal property made available to a Self-Governance...

42 CFR 137.215 - How does a Self-Governance Tribe obtain title to real and personal property furnished by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... to determine the presence of any hazardous substance activity, as defined in 41 CFR 101-47.202-2(b... retain the title. (b) For government-furnished personal property made available to a Self-Governance...

The Role of Retained Austenite on the Mechanical Properties of a Low Carbon 3Mn-1.5Ni Steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Jun; Zhang, Wei-na; Liu, Zhen-yu; Wang, Guo-dong

2017-12-01

The present studies focus on the correlation between retained austenite characteristics and the cryogenic temperature Charpy impact toughness, strength, and plasticity. The steels with different volume fractions and stabilities of retained austenite were prepared by quenching followed by intercritical heat treatment, and the microstructure was characterized using scanning electron microscope, electron back-scattered diffraction, and X-ray diffraction. The grain size, dislocation density, crack initiation energy, and crack propagation energy were quantified. It has been demonstrated that the volume fraction of retained austenite plays a significant role in the reduction of the measured yield strength and the effect of tempered martensite/ferrite matrix on cryogenic temperature impact toughness can be assumed to be similar due to the similar grain size, dislocation density and element content in solution for different heat treatments. It was found that the stability of retained austenite plays a determining role in the increase of cryogenic temperature impact toughness. Furthermore, the dependence of the crack propagation energy on retained austenite is much greater than that of the crack initiation energy. Generally, an excellent UTS × TEL does not produce good cryogenic temperature impact toughness.

Implementing AORN recommended practices for prevention of retained surgical items.

PubMed

Goldberg, Judith L; Feldman, David L

2012-02-01

Retention of a surgical item is a preventable event that can result in patient injury. AORN's "Recommended practices for prevention of retained surgical items" emphasizes the importance of using a multidisciplinary approach for prevention. Procedures should include counts of soft goods, needles, miscellaneous items, and instruments, and efforts should be made to prevent retention of fragments of broken devices. If a count discrepancy occurs, the perioperative team should follow procedures to locate the missing item. Perioperative leaders may consider the use of adjunct technologies such as bar-code scanning, radio-frequency detection, and radio-frequency identification. Ambulatory and hospital patient scenarios are included to exemplify appropriate strategies for preventing retained surgical items. Copyright © 2012 AORN, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

76 FR 4873 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-27

...). Title: Third-Party Submissions and Protests (formerly Green Technology Pilot Program). Form Number(s... retain benefits. OMB Desk Officer: Nicholas A. Fraser, e-mail: [email protected] . Once...

The MESTEP Record: A Report on the First Six Years. Math English Science Technology Education Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, Richard J.; And Others

The Math English Science Technology Education Project (MESTEP) was established to recruit, select, prepare, support, and retain in teaching diverse and talented recent college graduates with strong academic majors in math, English, or a science. A collaborative partnership of the University of Massachusetts (Amherst), public schools, and private…

Recruiting and Retaining New Generations of Community College Faculty

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mouchayleh, Theresa Stewart

2009-01-01

Much generational research has been conducted in the last decade, prompted most likely by the drastic social and technological changes of the late 20th century, the increase in enrollments in higher education, the increase in families with two working parents, and the meteoric rise in the widespread use and acceptance of emerging technologies.…

Faculty Perceptions of Student Recruitment and Retention in STEM Fields

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gandhi-Lee, Eshani; Skaza, Heather; Marti, Erica; Schrader, P. G.; Orgill, MaryKay

2017-01-01

According to the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST, 2012), there is a need to produce one million more STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) graduates in the U.S. over the next decade. Thus, more students must be recruited into and retained in STEM degrees of study. Because faculty are considered…

Simplified Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for Systems of Conservation Laws with Convex Extension

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barth, Timothy J.

1999-01-01

Simplified forms of the space-time discontinuous Galerkin (DG) and discontinuous Galerkin least-squares (DGLS) finite element method are developed and analyzed. The new formulations exploit simplifying properties of entropy endowed conservation law systems while retaining the favorable energy properties associated with symmetric variable formulations.

36 CFR 1226.20 - How do agencies temporarily extend retention periods?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false How do agencies temporarily extend retention periods? 1226.20 Section 1226.20 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES... temporarily extend retention periods? (a) Agencies must secure NARA written approval to retain records series...

36 CFR 1226.20 - How do agencies temporarily extend retention periods?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false How do agencies temporarily extend retention periods? 1226.20 Section 1226.20 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES... temporarily extend retention periods? (a) Agencies must secure NARA written approval to retain records series...

28 CFR 70.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Property Standards § 70.35 Supplies and... any other Federally-sponsored project or program, the recipient may retain the supplies for use on non... recipient must not use supplies acquired with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside...

45 CFR 2543.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Property Standards § 2543.35 Supplies and other... federally-sponsored project or program, the recipient shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal... recipient shall not use supplies acquired with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside...

45 CFR 2543.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Property Standards § 2543.35 Supplies and other... federally-sponsored project or program, the recipient shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal... recipient shall not use supplies acquired with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside...

28 CFR 70.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Property Standards § 70.35 Supplies and... any other Federally-sponsored project or program, the recipient may retain the supplies for use on non... recipient must not use supplies acquired with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside...

45 CFR 2543.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Property Standards § 2543.35 Supplies and other... federally-sponsored project or program, the recipient shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal... recipient shall not use supplies acquired with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside...

7 CFR § 3200.7 - Title.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2018-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2018-01-01 2018-01-01 false Title. § 3200.7 Section § 3200.7 Agriculture... PERSONAL PROPERTY § 3200.7 Title. Title to excess personal property obtained under Part 3200 will... will give preference to the Federal agency that will retain title in the Government. ...

In vitro hemostatic, hydrogen peroxide production and elastase sequestration properties of nonwoven ultra clean greige cotton dressing

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Nonwoven UltraCleanTM Cotton (highly cleaned and hydroentangled, greige cotton) retains the native wax and pectin content (~2%) of the cotton fiber traditionally removed from scoured and bleached cotton gauze, yet potentially affording wound healing properties. In vitro thromboelastography, hydrog...

Magnetotactic bacteria in marine sediments: clues from recent cores from Brazilian Coast

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jovane, L.; Pellizari, V. H.; Brandini, F. P.; Braga, E. D. S.; Freitas, G. R.; Benites, M.; Rodelli, D.; Giorgioni, M.; Iacoviello, F.; Ruffato, D. G.; Lins, U.

2014-12-01

The magnetic properties (first order reversal curves, ferromagnetic resonance and decomposition of saturation remanent magnetization acquisition) of marine magnetotactic bacteria, in conjunction with geophysical, geochemical and oceanographic data from the Brazilian Coast, provide interesting insights regarding the primary productivity distribution in oceans. This finding suggests that magnetite produced by some magnetotactic bacteria retains magnetic properties in relation to the crystallographic structure of the magnetic phase produced and thus might represent a "magnetic fingerprint" for the presence of magnetotactic bacteria. The use of those magnetic properties is a non-destructive, new technology that might allow for the identification and presence of specific species or types of magnetotactic bacteria in certain environments such as sediment. We will also show some preliminary results on the biogeochemical factors that control magnetotactic bacterial populations, documenting the environment and the preservation of bacterial magnetite, which dominates the palaeomagnetic signal throughout recent sediments from Brazilian Coast. We searched for magnetotactic bacteria in order to understand the ecosystems and environmental change related to their presence in sediments. We studied magnetotactic bacterial concentration and geophysical, geochemical and oceanographic results in marine settings measuring crucially nutrients availability in the water column and in sediments, on particulate delivery to the seafloor, to understand the environmental condition that allow the presence of magnetotactic bacteria and magnetosomes in sediments.

RNA as a stable polymer to build controllable and defined nanostructures for material and biomedical applications

PubMed Central

Li, Hui; Lee, Taek; Dziubla, Thomas; Pi, Fengmei; Guo, Sijin; Xu, Jing; Li, Chan; Haque, Farzin; Liang, Xing-Jie; Guo, Peixuan

2015-01-01

Summary The value of polymers is manifested in their vital use as building blocks in material and life sciences. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polynucleic acid, but its polymeric nature in materials and technological applications is often overlooked due to an impression that RNA is seemingly unstable. Recent findings that certain modifications can make RNA resistant to RNase degradation while retaining its authentic folding property and biological function, and the discovery of ultra-thermostable RNA motifs have adequately addressed the concerns of RNA unstability. RNA can serve as a unique polymeric material to build varieties of nanostructures including nanoparticles, polygons, arrays, bundles, membrane, and microsponges that have potential applications in biomedical and material sciences. Since 2005, more than a thousand publications on RNA nanostructures have been published in diverse fields, indicating a remarkable increase of interest in the emerging field of RNA nanotechnology. In this review, we aim to: delineate the physical and chemical properties of polymers that can be applied to RNA; introduce the unique properties of RNA as a polymer; review the current methods for the construction of RNA nanostructures; describe its applications in material, biomedical and computer sciences; and, discuss the challenges and future prospects in this field. PMID:26770259

Effect of cryogenic treatment on microstructure, mechanical and wear behaviors of AISI H13 hot work tool steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koneshlou, Mahdi; Meshinchi Asl, Kaveh; Khomamizadeh, Farzad

2011-01-01

This paper focuses on the effects of low temperature (subzero) treatments on microstructure and mechanical properties of H13 hot work tool steel. Cryogenic treatment at -72 °C and deep cryogenic treatment at -196 °C were applied and it was found that by applying the subzero treatments, the retained austenite was transformed to martensite. As the temperature was decreased more retained austenite was transformed to martensite and it also led to smaller and more uniform martensite laths distributed in the microstructure. The deep cryogenic treatment also resulted in precipitation of more uniform and very fine carbide particles. The microstructural modification resulted in a significant improvement on the mechanical properties of the H13 tool steel.

40 CFR 51.363 - Quality assurance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... using either electronic or written forms to be retained in the inspector and station history files, with...) Covert vehicles covering the range of vehicle technology groups (e.g., carbureted and fuel-injected...

Learning and retention through predictive inference and classification.

PubMed

Sakamoto, Yasuaki; Love, Bradley C

2010-12-01

Work in category learning addresses how humans acquire knowledge and, thus, should inform classroom practices. In two experiments, we apply and evaluate intuitions garnered from laboratory-based research in category learning to learning tasks situated in an educational context. In Experiment 1, learning through predictive inference and classification were compared for fifth-grade students using class-related materials. Making inferences about properties of category members and receiving feedback led to the acquisition of both queried (i.e., tested) properties and nonqueried properties that were correlated with a queried property (e.g., even if not queried, students learned about a species' habitat because it correlated with a queried property, like the species' size). In contrast, classifying items according to their species and receiving feedback led to knowledge of only the property most diagnostic of category membership. After multiple-day delay, the fifth-graders who learned through inference selectively retained information about the queried properties, and the fifth-graders who learned through classification retained information about the diagnostic property, indicating a role for explicit evaluation in establishing memories. Overall, inference learning resulted in fewer errors, better retention, and more liking of the categories than did classification learning. Experiment 2 revealed that querying a property only a few times was enough to manifest the full benefits of inference learning in undergraduate students. These results suggest that classroom teaching should emphasize reasoning from the category to multiple properties rather than from a set of properties to the category. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).

40 CFR 98.67 - Records that must be retained.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... aluminum production in metric tons. (b) Type of smelter technology used. (c) The following PFC-specific information on a monthly basis: (1) Perfluoromethane and perfluoroethane emissions from anode effects in...

40 CFR 98.67 - Records that must be retained.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... aluminum production in metric tons. (b) Type of smelter technology used. (c) The following PFC-specific information on a monthly basis: (1) Perfluoromethane and perfluoroethane emissions from anode effects in...

40 CFR 98.67 - Records that must be retained.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... aluminum production in metric tons. (b) Type of smelter technology used. (c) The following PFC-specific information on a monthly basis: (1) Perfluoromethane and perfluoroethane emissions from anode effects in...

Experimental and computational study on the properties of pure and water mixed 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium L-(+)-lactate ionic liquid.

PubMed

Aparicio, Santiago; Alcalde, Rafael; Atilhan, Mert

2010-05-06

Ionic liquids have attracted great attention, from both industry and academe, as alternative fluids for a large collection of applications. Although the term green is used frequently to describe ionic liquids in general, it is obvious that it cannot be applied to the huge quantity of possible ionic liquids, and thus, those with adequate environmental and technological profiles must be selected for further and deeper studies, from both basic science and applied approaches. In this work, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium L-(+)-lactate ionic liquid is studied, because of its remarkable properties, through a wide-ranging approach considering thermophysical, spectroscopic, and computational tools, to gain a deeper insight into its complex liquid structure, both pure and mixed with water, thus implying the main factors that would control the technological applications that could be designed using this fluid. The reported results shows a strongly structured pure ionic liquid, in which hydrogen bonding, because of the hydroxyl group of the lactate anion, develops a remarkable role, together with Coulombic forces to determine the fluid's behavior. Upon mixing with water, the ionic liquid retains its structure up to very high dilution levels, with the effect of the ionic liquid on the water structure being very large, even for very low ionic liquid mole fractions. Thus, in water solution, the studied ionic liquid evolves from noninteracting ions solvated by water molecules toward large interacting structures with increasing ionic liquid content.

Recycling of inorganic waste in monolithic and cellular glass‐based materials for structural and functional applications

PubMed Central

Rincón, Acacio; Marangoni, Mauro; Cetin, Suna

2016-01-01

Abstract The stabilization of inorganic waste of various nature and origin, in glasses, has been a key strategy for environmental protection for the last decades. When properly formulated, glasses may retain many inorganic contaminants permanently, but it must be acknowledged that some criticism remains, mainly concerning costs and energy use. As a consequence, the sustainability of vitrification largely relies on the conversion of waste glasses into new, usable and marketable glass‐based materials, in the form of monolithic and cellular glass‐ceramics. The effective conversion in turn depends on the simultaneous control of both starting materials and manufacturing processes. While silica‐rich waste favours the obtainment of glass, iron‐rich wastes affect the functionalities, influencing the porosity in cellular glass‐based materials as well as catalytic, magnetic, optical and electrical properties. Engineered formulations may lead to important reductions of processing times and temperatures, in the transformation of waste‐derived glasses into glass‐ceramics, or even bring interesting shortcuts. Direct sintering of wastes, combined with recycled glasses, as an example, has been proven as a valid low‐cost alternative for glass‐ceramic manufacturing, for wastes with limited hazardousness. The present paper is aimed at providing an up‐to‐date overview of the correlation between formulations, manufacturing technologies and properties of most recent waste‐derived, glass‐based materials. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. PMID:27818564

Recycling of inorganic waste in monolithic and cellular glass-based materials for structural and functional applications.

PubMed

Rincón, Acacio; Marangoni, Mauro; Cetin, Suna; Bernardo, Enrico

2016-07-01

The stabilization of inorganic waste of various nature and origin, in glasses, has been a key strategy for environmental protection for the last decades. When properly formulated, glasses may retain many inorganic contaminants permanently, but it must be acknowledged that some criticism remains, mainly concerning costs and energy use. As a consequence, the sustainability of vitrification largely relies on the conversion of waste glasses into new, usable and marketable glass-based materials, in the form of monolithic and cellular glass-ceramics. The effective conversion in turn depends on the simultaneous control of both starting materials and manufacturing processes. While silica-rich waste favours the obtainment of glass, iron-rich wastes affect the functionalities, influencing the porosity in cellular glass-based materials as well as catalytic, magnetic, optical and electrical properties. Engineered formulations may lead to important reductions of processing times and temperatures, in the transformation of waste-derived glasses into glass-ceramics, or even bring interesting shortcuts. Direct sintering of wastes, combined with recycled glasses, as an example, has been proven as a valid low-cost alternative for glass-ceramic manufacturing, for wastes with limited hazardousness. The present paper is aimed at providing an up-to-date overview of the correlation between formulations, manufacturing technologies and properties of most recent waste-derived, glass-based materials. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Site-preference and valency for rare-earth sites in (R-Ce)2Fe14B [R =La,Nd] magnets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alam, Aftab; Khan, Mahmud; McCallum, R. W.; Johnson, D. D.

2013-03-01

Rare-earth (R) permanent magnets of R2Fe14B have technological importance due to their high energy products, and they have two symmetry distinct R-sites (Wyckoff 4f and 4g) that affect chemistry and valence. Designing magnetic behavior and stability via alloying is technologically relevant to reduce critical (expensive) R-content while retaining key properties; cerium, an abundant (cheap) R-element, offers this potential. We calculate magnetic properties and Ce site preference in (R1-xCex)Fe14B [R=La,Nd] using density functional theory (DFT) methods. The Fe moments compare well with neutron scattering data - remain weakly affected by Hubbard U, but improved with spin-orbit coupling. In (La,Ce)2Fe14B, Ce alloys for 0 < x < 1 with a preference for smaller R(4f) sites, as observed, a trend we find unaffected by valence. Whereas in (Nd,Ce)2Fe14B, Ce is predicted to have limited alloying (x < 0.3) with a preference for larger R(4g) sites, resulting in weak partial ordering and segregation. Curie temperatures versus x were predicted for a typical sample processing and verified experimentally. We shall also present some initial results on the critical mixed valency of Ce in related compounds. Work at Ames Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, ARPA-E under the REACT program (0472-1526)

The Predictive Value of Selected Extrinsic and Intrinsic Indicators of Overall Job Satisfaction in Diagnostic Radiological Technology, Radiation Therapy, and Nuclear Medicine Technology Allied Health Faculty

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beavers, Gregory S.

2010-01-01

Healthcare is the largest industry in the United States and 60 percent of its 14 million workers are in allied health jobs. The need to attract and retain allied health faculty is critical to preparing a competent workforce in healthcare. This study reports the results of a survey of 259 faculty members working in diagnostic radiologic technology,…

49 CFR 1220.3 - Preservation of records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Preservation of records. (a) All records may be preserved by any technology that is immune to alteration... be indexed and retained in such a manner as will render them readily accessible. The company shall...

Head-Disk Interface Technology: Challenges and Approaches

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Bo

Magnetic hard disk drive (HDD) technology is believed to be one of the most successful examples of modern mechatronics systems. The mechanical beauty of magnetic HDD includes simple but super high accuracy positioning head, positioning technology, high speed and stability spindle motor technology, and head-disk interface technology which keeps the millimeter sized slider flying over a disk surface at nanometer level slider-disk spacing. This paper addresses the challenges and possible approaches on how to further reduce the slider disk spacing whilst retaining the stability and robustness level of head-disk systems for future advanced magnetic disk drives.

The technology of obtaining multipotent spheroids from limbal mesenchymal stromal cells for reparation of injured eye tissues.

PubMed

Kosheleva, N V; Saburina, I N; Zurina, I M; Gorkun, A A; Borzenok, S A; Nikishin, D A; Kolokoltsova, T D; Ustinova, E E; Repin, V S

2016-01-01

It is known that stem and progenitor cells open new possibilities for restoring injured eye tissues. Limbal eye zone, formed mainly by derivatives of neural crest, is the main source of stem cells for regeneration. The current study considers development of innovative technology for obtaining 3D spheroids from L-MMSC. It was shown that under 3D conditions L-MMSC due to compactization and mesenchymal-epithelial transition self-organize into cellular reparative modules. Formed L-MMSC spheroids retain and promote undifferentiated population of stem and progenitor limbal cells, as supported by expression of pluripotency markers - Oct4, Sox2, Nanog. Extracellular matrix synthetized by cells in spheroids allows retaining the functional potential of L-MMSC that are involved in regeneration of both anterior and, probably, posterior eye segment.

Strategies for Increasing IT Enrollment: Recruiting, Retaining and Encouraging the Transfer of Women and Underrepresented Groups to Four-Year Colleges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tupper, Donna Hiestand; Leitherer, Barbara; Sorkin, Sylvia; Gore, Mary Elizabeth

2010-01-01

Through the support of the National Science Foundation,, The Community College of Baltimore County has begun two separate initiatives to increase the number of women and underrepresented minorities enrolled in technological majors. Started in 2003, the Grace Hopper Scholars Program targets specifically women interested in careers in technology,…

Technology Transfer. Administration of the Bayh-Dole Act by Research Universities. Report to Congressional Committees.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

General Accounting Office, Washington, DC. Resources, Community, and Economic Development Div.

In 1980, Congress passed the Bayh-Dole Act (BDA) to allow universities, not-for-profit corporations, and small businesses to retain title to and market federally funded inventions, and to allow federal agencies to grant exclusive licenses for federally owned technology. This report to congressional committees addresses the manner in which the BDA…

A Poisoned Chalice? Why UK Women Engineering and Technology Students May Receive More "Help" than Their Male Peers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Powell, Abigail; Dainty, Andrew; Bagilhole, Barbara

2011-01-01

The UK engineering and technology (E&T) sector is male-dominated, with women facing various cultural and structural barriers in entering and developing their careers within it. Existing research in this area has focused on women's recruitment or retaining women in employment, but little has addressed women's transition to industry through the…

The microstructure of starchy food modulates its digestibility.

PubMed

Tian, Jinhu; Ogawa, Yukiharu; Shi, John; Chen, Shiguo; Zhang, Huiling; Liu, Donghong; Ye, Xingqian

2018-06-05

Starch is the main carbohydrate in human nutrition and shows a range of desired food properties. It has been demonstrated that fast digestion of starchy food can induce many health issues (e.g., hyperglycaemia, diabetes, etc.); therefore, how to modulate its digestion is an interesting topic. Previous studies have revealed that the microstructure and digestibility of starchy food of different botanical origin or from multiple processes are quite different; modulating starch digestion by retaining or altering its microstructure may be effective. In the present review, the current knowledge of the relationship between microstructural changes to starchy food and its digestibility at molecular, cell and tissue, and food processing levels is summarized. New technologies focused on microstructure studies and ways to manipulate food microstructure to modulate starch digestibility are also reviewed. In particular, some insights focusing on the future study of microstructure and the digestibility of starchy food are also suggested.

Securing Sensitive Flight and Engine Simulation Data Using Smart Card Technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blaser, Tammy M.

2003-01-01

NASA Glenn Research Center has developed a smart card prototype capable of encrypting and decrypting disk files required to run a distributed aerospace propulsion simulation. Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES) encryption is used to secure the sensitive intellectual property on disk pre, during, and post simulation execution. The prototype operates as a secure system and maintains its authorized state by safely storing and permanently retaining the encryption keys only on the smart card. The prototype is capable of authenticating a single smart card user and includes pre simulation and post simulation tools for analysis and training purposes. The prototype's design is highly generic and can be used to protect any sensitive disk files with growth capability to urn multiple simulations. The NASA computer engineer developed the prototype on an interoperable programming environment to enable porting to other Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS) capable operating system environments.

Nanostructured cerium oxide: preparation, characterization, and application in energy and environmental catalysis

DOE PAGES

Tang, Wen-Xiang; Gao, Pu-Xian

2016-11-10

Nanostructured cerium oxide (CeO 2) with outstanding physical and chemical properties has attracted extensive interests over the past few decades in environment and energy-related applications. With controllable synthesis of nanostructured CeO 2, much more features were technologically brought out from defect chemistry to structure-derived effects. This paper highlights recent progress on the synthesis and characterization of nanostructured ceria-based materials as well as the traditional and new applications. Specifically, several typical applications based on the desired ceria nanostructures are focused to showcase the importance of nanostructure-derived effects. Moreover, some challenges and perspectives on the nanostructured ceria are presented, such as defectsmore » controlling and retainment, scale-up fabrication, and monolithic devices. Hopefully, this paper can provide an improved understanding of nanostructured CeO 2 and offer new opportunities to promote the further research and applications in the future.« less

Influence of drying temperature on dietary fibre, rehydration properties, texture and microstructure of Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.).

PubMed

Vega-Gálvez, Antonio; Zura-Bravo, Liliana; Lemus-Mondaca, Roberto; Martinez-Monzó, Javier; Quispe-Fuentes, Issis; Puente, Luis; Di Scala, Karina

2015-04-01

The effects of air drying temperature on dietary fibre, texture and microstructure of the Cape gooseberry fruits during convective dehydration in the range of 50-90 ºC were investigated. The ratio of insoluble dietary fibre to soluble dietary fibre was higher than 7:1 for all dehydrated samples. At 50 ºC tissue structure damage was evidenced leading to the maximum water holding capacity (47.4 ± 2.8 g retained water/100 g water) and the lowest rehydration ratio (1.15 ± 0.06 g absorbed water/g d.m.). Texture analysis showed effects of drying temperatures on TPA parameters. Changes in microstructure tissue were also observed at the studied drying temperatures. Hot air drying technology leads not only to fruit preservation but also increases and adds value to Cape gooseberry, an asset to develop new functional products.

Tillage and cover cropping effects on soil properties and crop production in Illinois

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Cover crops (CCs) have been heralded for their potential to improve soil properties, retain nutrients in the field, and increase subsequent crop yields yet support for these claims within the state of Illinois remains limited. We assessed the effects of integrating five sets of CCs into a corn-soybe...

26 CFR 1.857-5 - Net income and loss from prohibited transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-5 Net... property. The 100-percent tax is imposed to preclude a real estate investment trust from retaining any... transaction, the activities of a real estate investment trust with respect to foreclosure property and its...

26 CFR 1.857-5 - Net income and loss from prohibited transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-5 Net... property. The 100-percent tax is imposed to preclude a real estate investment trust from retaining any... transaction, the activities of a real estate investment trust with respect to foreclosure property and its...

26 CFR 1.857-5 - Net income and loss from prohibited transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-5 Net... property. The 100-percent tax is imposed to preclude a real estate investment trust from retaining any... transaction, the activities of a real estate investment trust with respect to foreclosure property and its...

36 CFR § 1226.20 - How do agencies temporarily extend retention periods?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true How do agencies temporarily extend retention periods? § 1226.20 Section § 1226.20 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL... temporarily extend retention periods? (a) Agencies must secure NARA written approval to retain records series...

41 CFR 102-42.25 - Who retains custody of gifts and decorations pending disposal?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... purchasing. (b) GSA will accept physical custody of gifts above the minimal value, which employees decline to... gifts and decorations pending disposal? 102-42.25 Section 102-42.25 Public Contracts and Property... PROPERTY 42-UTILIZATION, DONATION, AND DISPOSAL OF FOREIGN GIFTS AND DECORATIONS General Provisions Care...

Atoxic derivative of botulinum neurotoxin A as a prototype vehicle for targeted delivery to neuronal cytoplasm

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

We have previously described genetic constructs and expression systems that enable facile production of recombinant derivatives of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) that retain the structural and trafficking properties of wt BoNTs. In this report we describe the properties of one such derivative, BoNT/A...

Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 retention on solid surfaces and peroxide resistance is enhanced by dual-strain biofilm formation.

PubMed

Uhlich, Gaylen A; Rogers, Donna P; Mosier, Derek A

2010-08-01

In a previous study we showed that an Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain that was unable to form biofilm was retained in large numbers in dual-strain biofilms formed with an E. coli O-:H4 companion strain. In this study we tested additional companion strains for their ability to retain E. coli O157:H7 strain 0475s. Companion strains producing biofilm that withstood aggressive washes were able to significantly increase serotype O157:H7 retention. Dual-strain biofilms with certain companion strains retained higher percentages of strain 0475s, and that ability was independent of biofilm total cell numbers. Tests with additional non-biofilm-forming E. coli O157:H7 strains showed that enhancement by companion strains was not unique to strain 0475s. Experiments using an E. coli companion strain with deletions of various curli and cellulose genes indicated that dual-strain biofilm formation was dependent on companion strain properties. Strain 0475s was not able to generate biofilm or persist on plastic when grown in broth with a biofilm-forming companion and separated by a 0.2 microm porous membrane, indicating a requirement for intimate contact with the companion strain. When dual-strain biofilms and planktonic cells were challenged with 5% H(2)O(2), strain 0475 showed greater survival in biofilms with certain companion strains compared to the corresponding planktonic cells. The results of this study indicate that non-biofilm-forming E. coli O157:H7 strains are retained on solid surfaces associated with biofilms generated by companion strains. However, properties other than biofilm mass enable certain companion strains to retain greater numbers of E. coli O157:H7.

46 CFR 111.60-17 - Connections and terminations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... general, connections and terminations to all conductors must retain the original electrical, mechanical, flame-retarding, and, where necessary, fire-resisting properties of the cable. All connecting devices...

46 CFR 111.60-17 - Connections and terminations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... general, connections and terminations to all conductors must retain the original electrical, mechanical, flame-retarding, and, where necessary, fire-resisting properties of the cable. All connecting devices...

Influence of Heat Treatments on the Microstructural Evolution and Resultant Mechanical Properties in a Low Carbon Medium Mn Heavy Steel Plate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Jun; Lv, Meng-yang; Liu, Zhen-yu; Wang, Guo-dong

2016-05-01

In this study, the microstructural evolution and resultant mechanical properties in a low carbon medium Mn heavy steel plate were investigated in detail. The results show that the introduction of medium manganese alloy design in the heavy steel plate has been shown to achieve the outstanding combination of strength, ductility, low-temperature impact toughness, and strain hardening capacity. It has been found that the austenite phase mainly displays at martensitic lath boundaries and shows lath shape for the heat treating at 873 K (600 °C) for 1 to 10 hours or 893 K (620 °C) for 2 hours, and not all the austenite phase obeys the K-S or N-W orientation relationship with respect to abutting martensitic lath. Although the microstructure in the steel after heat treating at 873 K (600 °C) for 1 to 10 hours is similar to each other, the resultant mechanical properties are very different because the volume fraction and stability of retained austenite vary with the heat treatments. The best low-temperature impact toughness is achieved after heat treating at 873 K (600 °C) for 2 hours due to the formation of a considerable volume fraction of retained austenite with relatively high stability, but the strain hardening capacity and ductility are disappointing because of insufficient TRIP effect. Based on enhancing TRIP effect, the two methods have been suggested. One is to increase the isothermal holding temperature to 893 K (620 °C), and the other one is to prolong the isothermal holding time to 10 hours at 873 K (600 °C). The two methods can significantly increase strain hardening capacity and ductility nearly without harming low-temperature impact toughness. In addition, the stability of retained austenite has been discussed by the quantitative analysis and it has been demonstrated that the stability of retained austenite is related to the chemical composition, size, and morphology. Moreover, the isothermal holding temperature has a great effect on the stability of retained austenite, while the effect of the isothermal holding time is relatively poor.

Enhanced retained dose uniformity in NiTi spinal correction rod treated by three-dimensional mesh-assisted nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lu, Q. Y.; Hu, T.; Kwok, Dixon T. K.

2010-05-15

Owing to the nonconformal plasma sheath in plasma immersion ion implantation of a rod sample, the retained dose can vary significantly. The authors propose to improve the implant uniformity by introducing a metal mesh. The depth profiles obtained with and without the mesh are compared and the implantation temperature at various locations is evaluated indirectly by differential scanning calorimeter. Our results reveal that by using the metal mesh, the retained dose uniformity along the length is greatly improved and the effects of the implantation temperature on the localized mechanical properties of the implanted NiTi shape memory alloy rod are nearlymore » negligible.« less

A digital approach to fabricating an abutment replica to control cement volume in a cement-retained implant prosthesis.

PubMed

Lee, Ju-Hyoung; Park, In-Sook; Sohn, Dong-Seok

2016-07-01

If a cement-retained implant prosthesis is placed on an abutment, excess cement should be minimized or removed to prevent periimplant inflammation. Various methods for fabricating an abutment replica have been introduced to maintain tissue health and reduce clean-up time. The purpose of this article is to present an alternative technique for fabricating an abutment replica with computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology. Copyright © 2016 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Synthesis, Characterization and Utility of Carbon Nanotube Based Hybrid Sensors in Bioanalytical Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Badhulika, Sushmee

The detection of gaseous analytes and biological molecules is of prime importance in the fields of environmental pollution control, food and water - safety and analysis; and medical diagnostics. This necessitates the development of advanced and improved technology that is reliable, inexpensive and suitable for high volume production. The conventional sensors are often thin film based which lack sensitivity due to the phenomena of current shunting across the charge depleted region when an analyte binds with them. One dimensional (1-D) nanostructures provide a better alternative for sensing applications by eliminating the issue of current shunting due to their 1-D geometries and facilitating device miniaturization and low power operations. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are 1-D nanostructures that possess small size, high mechanical strength, high electrical and thermal conductivity and high specific area that have resulted in their wide spread applications in sensor technology. To overcome the issue of low sensitivity of pristine CNTs and to widen their scope, hybrid devices have been fabricated that combine the synergistic properties of CNTs along with materials like metals and conducting polymers (CPs). CPs exhibit electronic, magnetic and optical properties of metals and semiconductors while retaining the processing advantages of polymers. Their high chemical sensitivity, room temperature operation and tunable charge transport properties has made them ideal for use as transducing elements in chemical sensors. In this dissertation, various CNT based hybrid devices such as CNT-conducting polymer and graphene-CNT-metal nanoparticles based sensors have been developed and demonstrated towards bioanalytical applications such as detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and saccharides. Electrochemical polymerization enabled the synthesis of CPs and metal nanoparticles in a simple, cost effective and controlled way on the surface of CNT based platforms thus resulting in the fabrication of hybrid sensors which exhibited superior properties and improved performance when used for sensing applications using various modes of sensor configurations.

High strength forgeable tantalum base alloy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Buckman, R. W., Jr.

1975-01-01

Increasing tungsten content of tantalum base alloy to 12-15% level will improve high temperature creep properties of existing tantalum base alloys while retaining their excellent fabrication and welding characteristics.

Non-amine-based dopamine transporter (reuptake) inhibitors retain properties of amine-based progenitors.

PubMed

Madras, Bertha K; Fahey, Michele A; Miller, Gregory M; De La Garza, Richard; Goulet, Martin; Spealman, Roger D; Meltzer, Peter C; George, Susan R; O'Dowd, Brian F; Bonab, Ali A; Livni, Eli; Fischman, Alan J

2003-10-31

Without exception, therapeutic and addictive drugs that produce their primary effects by blocking monoamine transporters in brain contain an amine nitrogen in their structure. This fundamental canon of drug design was based on a prevailing premise that an amine nitrogen is required to mimic the structures of monoamine neurotransmitters and other natural products. Non-amines, a novel class of compounds that contain no amine nitrogen, block monoamine transporters in the nM range and display markedly high selectivity for monoamine transporters, but not for receptors. Non-amines retain the spectrum of biochemical and pharmacological properties characteristic of amine-bearing counterparts. These novel drugs compel a revision of current concepts of drug-monoamine transporter complex formation and open avenues for discovery of a new generation of therapeutic drugs.

78 FR 48773 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 8866

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-09

.... Books or records relating to a collection of information must be retained as long as their contents may... through the use of automated collection techniques or other forms of information technology; and (e...

49 CFR 379.7 - Preservation of records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... § 379.7 Preservation of records. (a) All records may be preserved by any technology that is immune to... be indexed and retained in such a manner as will render them readily accessible. The company shall...

Psychometric Properties of Patient-Facing eHealth Evaluation Measures: Systematic Review and Analysis

PubMed Central

Turvey, Carolyn L; Nazi, Kim M; Holman, John E; Hogan, Timothy P; Shimada, Stephanie L; Kennedy, Diana R

2017-01-01

Background Significant resources are being invested into eHealth technology to improve health care. Few resources have focused on evaluating the impact of use on patient outcomes A standardized set of metrics used across health systems and research will enable aggregation of data to inform improved implementation, clinical practice, and ultimately health outcomes associated with use of patient-facing eHealth technologies. Objective The objective of this project was to conduct a systematic review to (1) identify existing instruments for eHealth research and implementation evaluation from the patient’s point of view, (2) characterize measurement components, and (3) assess psychometrics. Methods Concepts from existing models and published studies of technology use and adoption were identified and used to inform a search strategy. Search terms were broadly categorized as platforms (eg, email), measurement (eg, survey), function/information use (eg, self-management), health care occupations (eg, nurse), and eHealth/telemedicine (eg, mHealth). A computerized database search was conducted through June 2014. Included articles (1) described development of an instrument, or (2) used an instrument that could be traced back to its original publication, or (3) modified an instrument, and (4) with full text in English language, and (5) focused on the patient perspective on technology, including patient preferences and satisfaction, engagement with technology, usability, competency and fluency with technology, computer literacy, and trust in and acceptance of technology. The review was limited to instruments that reported at least one psychometric property. Excluded were investigator-developed measures, disease-specific assessments delivered via technology or telephone (eg, a cancer-coping measure delivered via computer survey), and measures focused primarily on clinician use (eg, the electronic health record). Results The search strategy yielded 47,320 articles. Following elimination of duplicates and non-English language publications (n=14,550) and books (n=27), another 31,647 articles were excluded through review of titles. Following a review of the abstracts of the remaining 1096 articles, 68 were retained for full-text review. Of these, 16 described an instrument and six used an instrument; one instrument was drawn from the GEM database, resulting in 23 articles for inclusion. None included a complete psychometric evaluation. The most frequently assessed property was internal consistency (21/23, 91%). Testing for aspects of validity ranged from 48% (11/23) to 78% (18/23). Approximately half (13/23, 57%) reported how to score the instrument. Only six (26%) assessed the readability of the instrument for end users, although all the measures rely on self-report. Conclusions Although most measures identified in this review were published after the year 2000, rapidly changing technology makes instrument development challenging. Platform-agnostic measures need to be developed that focus on concepts important for use of any type of eHealth innovation. At present, there are important gaps in the availability of psychometrically sound measures to evaluate eHealth technologies. PMID:29021128

Excellent mechanical properties and resistance to cavitation erosion for an ultra-low carbon CrMnN stainless steel through quenching and partitioning treatment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Ze-an; Fu, Wan-tang; Zhu, Zhe; Li, Bin; Shi, Zhong-ping; Sun, Shu-hua

2018-05-01

The retained austenite content (RAC), the mechanical properties, and the resistance to cavitation erosion (CE) of the 00Cr13Mn8MoN steel after quenching and partitioning (Q&P) processing were investigated. The results show that the Q&P process affected the RAC, which reached the maximum value after partitioning at 400°C for 10 min. The tensile strength of the steel slightly decreased with increasing partitioning temperature and time. However, the elongation and product of strength and elongation first increased and then decreased. The sample partitioned at 400°C for 10 min exhibited the optimal property: a strength-ductility of 23.8 GPa·%. The resistance to CE for the 00Cr13Mn8MoN steel treated by the Q&P process was improved due to work hardening, spalling, and cavitation-induced martensitic transformation of the retained austenite.

An Examination of the Career, Salary and Training Expectations of Information Technology Professionals Working in the Help Desk Field

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Flynn, William C.

2013-01-01

The Information Technology (IT) help desk positions serve as the gateway between the IT department and users. Although IT is one of the most employable job categories, and crucial for business, staffing these positions with properly trained and certified IT personnel and retaining them is a major challenge for IT help desk managers. What are the…

Tenure in Higher Education: Property Right or No Rights?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Webb, Sheila Anne

2007-01-01

One may ask, "What is tenure today with its fuzzy parameters?" Is it a property right that a faculty member may earn and "hold" to retain employment? To understand the issue, educators must first understand what they are tenured to. Since the tenure process emanates from a department, are they tenured to a department or to a…

26 CFR 25.2702-4 - Certain property treated as held in trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... child purchases the remainder interest in the property. A and A's child each provide the portion of the... transferring the remainder interest to A's child in exchange for the portion of the purchase price provided by A's child. In determining the amount of A's gift, A's retained interest is valued at zero because it...

26 CFR 25.2702-4 - Certain property treated as held in trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... child purchases the remainder interest in the property. A and A's child each provide the portion of the... transferring the remainder interest to A's child in exchange for the portion of the purchase price provided by A's child. In determining the amount of A's gift, A's retained interest is valued at zero because it...

26 CFR 25.2702-4 - Certain property treated as held in trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... child purchases the remainder interest in the property. A and A's child each provide the portion of the... transferring the remainder interest to A's child in exchange for the portion of the purchase price provided by A's child. In determining the amount of A's gift, A's retained interest is valued at zero because it...

26 CFR 25.2702-4 - Certain property treated as held in trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... child purchases the remainder interest in the property. A and A's child each provide the portion of the... transferring the remainder interest to A's child in exchange for the portion of the purchase price provided by A's child. In determining the amount of A's gift, A's retained interest is valued at zero because it...

26 CFR 1.612-1 - Basis for allowance of cost depletion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... mineral content of deposits is a factor, see paragraphs (c), (d), (e), and (f) of § 1.611-2. In cases... allowed in respect of any mineral or timber property is the adjusted basis provided in section 1011 for... retained. (b) Special rules. (1) The basis for cost depletion of mineral or timber property does not...

26 CFR 1.612-1 - Basis for allowance of cost depletion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... mineral content of deposits is a factor, see paragraphs (c), (d), (e), and (f) of § 1.611-2. In cases... allowed in respect of any mineral or timber property is the adjusted basis provided in section 1011 for... retained. (b) Special rules. (1) The basis for cost depletion of mineral or timber property does not...

Superionic phase transition in silver chalcogenide nanocrystals realizing optimized thermoelectric performance.

PubMed

Xiao, Chong; Xu, Jie; Li, Kun; Feng, Jun; Yang, Jinlong; Xie, Yi

2012-03-07

Thermoelectric has long been recognized as a potentially transformative energy conversion technology due to its ability to convert heat directly into electricity. However, how to optimize the three interdependent thermoelectric parameters (i.e., electrical conductivity σ, Seebeck coefficient S, and thermal conductivity κ) for improving thermoelectric properties is still challenging. Here, we put forward for the first time the semiconductor-superionic conductor phase transition as a new and effective way to selectively optimize the thermoelectric power factor based on the modulation of the electric transport property across the phase transition. Ultra low value of thermal conductivity was successfully retained over the whole investigated temperature range through the reduction of grain size. As a result, taking monodisperse Ag(2)Se nanocrystals for an example, the maximized ZT value can be achieved around the temperature of phase transition. Furthermore, along with the effective scattering of short-wavelength phonons by atomic defects created by alloying, the alloyed ternary silver chalcogenide compounds, monodisperse Ag(4)SeS nanocrystals, show better ZT value around phase transition temperature, which is cooperatively contributed by superionic phase transition and alloying at nanoscale. © 2012 American Chemical Society

Novel chitin scaffolds derived from marine sponge Ianthella basta for tissue engineering approaches based on human mesenchymal stromal cells: Biocompatibility and cryopreservation.

PubMed

Mutsenko, Vitalii V; Gryshkov, Oleksandr; Lauterboeck, Lothar; Rogulska, Olena; Tarusin, Dmitriy N; Bazhenov, Vasilii V; Schütz, Kathleen; Brüggemeier, Sophie; Gossla, Elke; Akkineni, Ashwini R; Meißner, Heike; Lode, Anja; Meschke, Stephan; Fromont, Jane; Stelling, Allison L; Tabachnik, Konstantin R; Gelinsky, Michael; Nikulin, Sergey; Rodin, Sergey; Tonevitsky, Alexander G; Petrenko, Alexander Y; Glasmacher, Birgit; Schupp, Peter J; Ehrlich, Hermann

2017-11-01

The extraordinary biocompatibility and mechanical properties of chitinous scaffolds from marine sponges endows these structures with unique properties that render them ideal for diverse biomedical applications. In the present work, a technological route to produce "ready-to-use" tissue-engineered products based on poriferan chitin is comprehensively investigated for the first time. Three key stages included isolation of scaffolds from the marine demosponge Ianthella basta, confirmation of their biocompatibility with human mesenchymal stromal cells, and cryopreservation of the tissue-like structures grown within these scaffolds using a slow cooling protocol. Biocompatibility of the macroporous, flat chitin scaffolds has been confirmed by cell attachment, high cell viability and the ability to differentiate into the adipogenic lineage. The viability of cells cryopreserved on chitin scaffolds was reduced by about 30% as compared to cells cryopreserved in suspension. However, the surviving cells were able to retain their differentiation potential; and this is demonstrated for the adipogenic lineage. The results suggest that chitin from the marine demosponge I. basta is a promising, highly biocompatible biomaterial for stem cell-based tissue-engineering applications. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Experimental evaluation of compost leachates.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-09-01

Compost is often used in raingardens, roadsides, and bioretention systems, not only because of : its beneficial properties on soil quality, but also because compost improves water infiltration and : retains stormwater contaminants. However, when comp...

Evidence for label-retaining tumour-initiating cells in human glioblastoma

PubMed Central

Deleyrolle, Loic P.; Harding, Angus; Cato, Kathleen; Siebzehnrubl, Florian A.; Rahman, Maryam; Azari, Hassan; Olson, Sarah; Gabrielli, Brian; Osborne, Geoffrey; Vescovi, Angelo

2011-01-01

Individual tumour cells display diverse functional behaviours in terms of proliferation rate, cell–cell interactions, metastatic potential and sensitivity to therapy. Moreover, sequencing studies have demonstrated surprising levels of genetic diversity between individual patient tumours of the same type. Tumour heterogeneity presents a significant therapeutic challenge as diverse cell types within a tumour can respond differently to therapies, and inter-patient heterogeneity may prevent the development of general treatments for cancer. One strategy that may help overcome tumour heterogeneity is the identification of tumour sub-populations that drive specific disease pathologies for the development of therapies targeting these clinically relevant sub-populations. Here, we have identified a dye-retaining brain tumour population that displays all the hallmarks of a tumour-initiating sub-population. Using a limiting dilution transplantation assay in immunocompromised mice, label-retaining brain tumour cells display elevated tumour-initiation properties relative to the bulk population. Importantly, tumours generated from these label-retaining cells exhibit all the pathological features of the primary disease. Together, these findings confirm dye-retaining brain tumour cells exhibit tumour-initiation ability and are therefore viable targets for the development of therapeutics targeting this sub-population. PMID:21515906

Optimization of in vitro inhibition of HT-29 colon cancer cell cultures by Solanum tuberosum L. extracts.

PubMed

Zuber, T; Holm, D; Byrne, P; Ducreux, L; Taylor, M; Kaiser, M; Stushnoff, C

2015-01-01

Secondary metabolites in potato have been reported to possess bioactive properties, including growth inhibition of cancer cells. Because potatoes are widely consumed globally, potential health benefits may have broad application. Thus we investigated growth inhibition of HT-29 colon cancer cell cultures by extracts from 13 diverse genetic breeding clones. Extracts from three pigmented selections (CO97226-2R/R, CO97216-1P/P, CO04058-3RW/RW) inhibited growth of in vitro HT-29 cell cultures more effectively than other clones tested. While inhibition was highest from pigmented selections and pigmented tuber tissue sectors, not all pigmented breeding lines tested had appreciable inhibitory properties. Thus, inhibition was not uniquely linked to pigmentation. Immature tubers had the highest inhibitory properties, and in most cases mature tubers retained very low inhibition properties. Flowers and skins inhibited strongly at lower extract concentrations. An extract consisting of 7.2 mg mL⁻¹ cell culture medium was the lowest effective concentration. While raw tuber extracts inhibited most effectively, a few clones at higher concentrations retained inhibition after cooking. Heated whole tubers retained higher inhibition than heated aqueous extracts. While all aqueous extracts from the two tuber selections (CO97216-1P/P and CO97226-2R/R) inhibited HT-29 cell cultures, inhibition was significantly enhanced in purple pigmented tubers of CO97216-1P/P prepared cryogenically as liquid nitrogen powders compared to extracts from freeze dried samples. Upregulation of caspase-3 protease activity, indicative of apoptosis, was highest among the most inhibitory clone samples. The unique sectorial red pigment expressing selection (CO04058-3RW/RW) provided a model system that isolated expression in pigmented sectors, and thus eliminated developmental, environmental and genetic confounding.

Developing Novel Protein-based Materials using Ultrabithorax: Production, Characterization, and Functionalization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Zhao

2011-12-01

Compared to 'conventional' materials made from metal, glass, or ceramics, protein-based materials have unique mechanical properties. Furthermore, the morphology, mechanical properties, and functionality of protein-based materials may be optimized via sequence engineering for use in a variety of applications, including textile materials, biosensors, and tissue engineering scaffolds. The development of recombinant DNA technology has enabled the production and engineering of protein-based materials ex vivo. However, harsh production conditions can compromise the mechanical properties of protein-based materials and diminish their ability to incorporate functional proteins. Developing a new generation of protein-based materials is crucial to (i) improve materials assembly conditions, (ii) create novel mechanical properties, and (iii) expand the capacity to carry functional protein/peptide sequences. This thesis describes development of novel protein-based materials using Ultrabithorax, a member of the Hox family of proteins that regulate developmental pathways in Drosophila melanogaster. The experiments presented (i) establish the conditions required for the assembly of Ubx-based materials, (ii) generate a wide range of Ubx morphologies, (iii) examine the mechanical properties of Ubx fibers, (iv) incorporate protein functions to Ubx-based materials via gene fusion, (v) pattern protein functions within the Ubx materials, and (vi) examine the biocompatibility of Ubx materials in vitro. Ubx-based materials assemble at mild conditions compatible with protein folding and activity, which enables Ubx chimeric materials to retain the function of appended proteins in spatial patterns determined by materials assembly. Ubx-based materials also display mechanical properties comparable to existing protein-based materials and demonstrate good biocompatibility with living cells in vitro. Taken together, this research demonstrates the unique features and future potential of novel Ubx-based materials.

Preservation of flavor in freeze dried green beans

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Huber, C. S.; Heidelbaugh, N. D.; Davis, D.

1973-01-01

Before freeze drying, green beans are heated to point at which their cell structure is altered. Beans freeze dried with altered cell structure have improved rehydration properties and retain color, flavor, and texture.

Soils of Agricultural Terraces with Retaining Walls in the Mountains of Dagestan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borisov, A. V.; Korobov, D. S.; Idrisov, I. A.; Kalinin, P. I.

2018-01-01

Soil-archeological studies of agricultural terraces with retaining walls in the area of construction of the Gotsatlinskaya Hydroelectric Power Station in Khunzakh district of the Republic of Dagestan have been performed. The morphogenetic and chemical properties of the anthropogenic soils (Anthrosols) in different parts of the terrace complex are analyzed. It is argued that slope terracing in the mountains ensures the development of thicker soil profiles with pronounced genetic horizons. The soils of agricultural terraces store important information of the paleoenvironmental history and land use. A characteristic feature of the Anthrosols of agricultural terraces is a relatively even distribution of gravelly material of up to 5 cm in diameter in the plow layer. The soils of terraces are characterized by the high variability in their properties within the entire terrace complex and within the particular terraces.

Self-consolidating concrete : a synthesis of research findings and best practices.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-02-01

The Connecticut Department of Transportation (ConnDOT) currently permits the : use of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) technology on a limited basis for : precast drainage structures, barriers and retaining walls. These include but : are not limited...

Design and Synthesis of Novel Arylketo-containing P1-P3 Linked Macro-cyclic BACE-1 Inhibitors

PubMed Central

Sandgren, Veronica; Belda, Oscar; Kvarnström, Ingemar; Lindberg, Jimmy; Samuelsson, Bertil; Dahlgren, Anders

2015-01-01

A series of arylketo-containing P1-P3 linked macrocyclic BACE-1 inhibitors were designed, synthesized, and compared with compounds with a previously known and extensively studied corresponding P2 isophthalamide moiety with the aim to improve on permeability whilst retaining the enzyme- and cell-based activities. Several inhibitors displayed substantial increases in Caco-2 cell-based permeability compared to earlier synthesized inhibitors and notably also with retained activities, showing that this approach might yield BACE-1 inhibitors with improved properties. PMID:25937848

Flexible Display Technologies...Do They Have a Role in the Cockpit?

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-03-01

can be updated as needed via wireless technology. The main element of Radio PaperTM is an electronic ink, consisting of millions of microcapsules ...creating black text and images against an otherwise white (negatively charged) background. The microcapsules can retain their charge (and hence the image...for as long as months without additional power. Figure 3. Example of eltrophoretic display (Source: E-Ink Corporation). The microcapsules are

Engage to Excel: Producing One Million Additional College Graduates with Degrees in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. Report to the President

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Olson, Steve; Riordan, Donna Gerardi

2012-01-01

Economic projections point to a need for approximately 1 million more STEM professionals than the U.S. will produce at the current rate over the next decade if the country is to retain its historical preeminence in science and technology. To meet this goal, the United States will need to increase the number of students who receive undergraduate…

Improvement of multiprocessing performance by using optical centralized shared bus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Xuliang; Chen, Ray T.

2004-06-01

With the ever-increasing need to solve larger and more complex problems, multiprocessing is attracting more and more research efforts. One of the challenges facing the multiprocessor designers is to fulfill in an effective manner the communications among the processes running in parallel on multiple multiprocessors. The conventional electrical backplane bus provides narrow bandwidth as restricted by the physical limitations of electrical interconnects. In the electrical domain, in order to operate at high frequency, the backplane topology has been changed from the simple shared bus to the complicated switched medium. However, the switched medium is an indirect network. It cannot support multicast/broadcast as effectively as the shared bus. Besides the additional latency of going through the intermediate switching nodes, signal routing introduces substantial delay and considerable system complexity. Alternatively, optics has been well known for its interconnect capability. Therefore, it has become imperative to investigate how to improve multiprocessing performance by utilizing optical interconnects. From the implementation standpoint, the existing optical technologies still cannot fulfill the intelligent functions that a switch fabric should provide as effectively as their electronic counterparts. Thus, an innovative optical technology that can provide sufficient bandwidth capacity, while at the same time, retaining the essential merits of the shared bus topology, is highly desirable for the multiprocessing performance improvement. In this paper, the optical centralized shared bus is proposed for use in the multiprocessing systems. This novel optical interconnect architecture not only utilizes the beneficial characteristics of optics, but also retains the desirable properties of the shared bus topology. Meanwhile, from the architecture standpoint, it fits well in the centralized shared-memory multiprocessing scheme. Therefore, a smooth migration with substantial multiprocessing performance improvement is expected. To prove the technical feasibility from the architecture standpoint, a conceptual emulation of the centralized shared-memory multiprocessing scheme is demonstrated on a generic PCI subsystem with an optical centralized shared bus.

Development of Biodegradable Implants for Use in Maxillofacial Surgery.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-10-28

PAGE(WhM D .m4m 20 Abstract - continued -to obtain the desired composite material properties. In vitro -- experiments with these materials showed that...the composites were capable of retaining sufficient strength and integrity, in a pseudo-physiological environment, throughout the period normally...VII. Mechanical Properties of Reinforcing Fibers .......... .23 VIII. Effect of Sterilization on High-viscosity Polylactide Composites

Nonlinear Eulerian Thermoelasticity for Anisotropic Crystals

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-08-01

the applied pressure. However, some crystalline materials such as ceramics and hard minerals may retain significant shear strength at finite strain...which elastic properties have been measured. Benefits of using Eulerian strain measures for nonlinear elasticity of isotropic materials were extolled by...highly symmetric anharmonic properties . Deviations may be expected for highly anisotropic materials , as shown in Section 4. This work is focused

Plasma-Assisted Dry Etching of Ferroelectric Capacitor Modules and Application to a 32M Ferroelectric Random Access Memory Devices with Submicron Feature Sizes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Sang-Woo; Joo, Suk-Ho; Cho, Sung Lae; Son, Yoon-Ho; Lee, Kyu-Mann; Nam, Sang-Don; Park, Kun-Sang; Lee, Yong-Tak; Seo, Jung-Suk; Kim, Young-Dae; An, Hyeong-Geun; Kim, Hyoung-Joon; Jung, Yong-Ju; Heo, Jang-Eun; Lee, Moon-Sook; Park, Soon-Oh; Chung, U-In; Moon, Joo-Tae

2002-11-01

In the manufacturing of a 32M ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM) device on the basis of 0.25 design rule (D/R), one of the most difficult processes is to pattern a submicron capacitor module while retaining good ferroelectric properties. In this paper, we report the ferroelectric property of patterned submicron capacitor modules with a stack height of 380 nm, where the 100 nm-thick Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT) films were prepared by the sol-gel method. After patterning, overall sidewall slope was approximately 70° and cell-to-cell node separation was made to be 80 nm to prevent possible twin-bit failure in the device. Finally, several heat treatment conditions were investigated to retain the ferroelectric property of the patterned capacitor. It was found that rapid thermal processing (RTP) treatment yields better properties than conventional furnace annealing. This result is directly related to the near-surface chemistry of the PZT films, as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The resultant switching polarization value of the submicron capacitor was approximately 30 μC/cm2 measured at 3 V.

pkCSM: Predicting Small-Molecule Pharmacokinetic and Toxicity Properties Using Graph-Based Signatures

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Drug development has a high attrition rate, with poor pharmacokinetic and safety properties a significant hurdle. Computational approaches may help minimize these risks. We have developed a novel approach (pkCSM) which uses graph-based signatures to develop predictive models of central ADMET properties for drug development. pkCSM performs as well or better than current methods. A freely accessible web server (http://structure.bioc.cam.ac.uk/pkcsm), which retains no information submitted to it, provides an integrated platform to rapidly evaluate pharmacokinetic and toxicity properties. PMID:25860834

A call center primer.

PubMed

Durr, W

1998-01-01

Call centers are strategically and tactically important to many industries, including the healthcare industry. Call centers play a key role in acquiring and retaining customers. The ability to deliver high-quality and timely customer service without much expense is the basis for the proliferation and expansion of call centers. Call centers are unique blends of people and technology, where performance indicates combining appropriate technology tools with sound management practices built on key operational data. While the technology is fascinating, the people working in call centers and the skill of the management team ultimately make a difference to their companies.

NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kayali, Sammy

2000-01-01

NEPP program objectives are to: (1) Access the reliability of newly available electronic parts and packaging technologies for usage on NASA projects through validations, assessments, and characterizations, and the development of test methods/tools; (2)Expedite infusion paths for advanced (emerging) electronic parts and packaging technologies by evaluations of readiness for manufacturability and project usage consideration; (3) Provide NASA projects with technology selection, application, and validation guidelines for electronic parts and packaging hardware and processes; nd (4) Retain and disseminate electronic parts and packaging quality assurance, reliability validations, tools, and availability information to the NASA community.

Evaluation of traffic marking beads and paint.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1972-01-01

Traffic markings that retain high reflective properties under adverse lighting and weather conditions are clearly of utmost importance in traffic safety. It was the intent of this study to investigate optimum traffic striping procedures and materials...

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Bureau of Aviation pavement evaluation report : final report, March 2010.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-03-01

As part of the Pennsylvania Department of Transportations (PennDOT) airport pavement management efforts, the Bureau of : Aviation (BOA) retained Applied Pavement Technology, Inc. (APTech), assisted by DY Consultants, to evaluate the condition of t...

Use of flexible facing for soil nail walls.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-11-01

Soil nail walls are a widely used technology for retaining vertical and nearly vertical cuts in soil. A : significant portion of the cost of soil nail wall construction is related to the construction of a reinforced : concrete face. The potential for...

ECOMAT INC. BIOLOGICAL DENIFTRICATION PROCESS; SITE TECHNOLOGY CAPSULE

EPA Science Inventory

EcoMat, Inc. of Hayward, California (EcoMat) has developed an ex situ anoxic biofilter biodenitrification (BDN) process. The process uses specific biocarriers and bacteria to treat nitrate-contaminated water and employs a patented reactor that retains biocarrier within the syste...

14-Day thawed plasma retains clot enhancing properties and inhibits tPA-induced fibrinolysis.

PubMed

Huebner, Benjamin R; Moore, Ernest E; Moore, Hunter B; Shepherd-Singh, Raymond; Sauaia, Angela; Stettler, Gregory R; Nunns, Geoffrey R; Silliman, Christopher C

2017-11-01

Plasma-first resuscitation attenuates trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC); however, the logistics of plasma-first resuscitation require thawed plasma (TP) be readily available due to the obligatory thawing time of fresh frozen plasma (FFP). The current standard is storage of TP for up to 5 days at 4°C, based on factor levels at outdate, for use in patients at risk for TIC, but there remains a 2.2% outdated wastage rate. However, the multitude of plasma proteins in attenuating TIC remains unknown. We hypothesize that TP retains the ability to enhance clotting and reduce tPA-induced fibrinolysis at 14-day storage. FFP was thawed and stored at 4°C at the following intervals: 14, 10, 7, 5, 3, and 1-day prior to the experiment. Healthy volunteers underwent blood draws followed by 50% dilution with TP stored at previously mentioned intervals as well as FFP, normal saline (NS), albumin, and whole blood (WB) control. Samples underwent tPA-modified (75 ng/mL) thrombelastography (TEG) with analysis of R-time, angle, maximum amplitude (MA), and LY30. TEG properties did not change significantly over the thawed storage. 14-day TP retained the ability to inhibit tPA-induced hyperfibrinolysis (median LY30% 9.6%) similar to FFP (5.6%), WB (14.6%), and superior to albumin (59.3%) and NS (58.1%). 14-day TP also retained faster clot formation (median angle, 66.2°) and superior clot strength (MA, 61.5 mm) to albumin (34.8°, 21.6 mm) and NS (41.6°, 32.2 mm). TP plasma stored for 14 days retains clot-enhancing ability and resistance to clot degradation similar to FFP. A clinical trial is needed to validate these in vitro results. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Putty-like bone fillers based on CaP ceramics or Biosilicate® combined with carboxymethylcellulose: Characterization, optimization, and evaluation.

PubMed

Gabbai-Armelin, Paulo R; Renno, Ana Cm; Crovace, Murilo C; Magri, Angela Mp; Zanotto, Edgar D; Peitl, Oscar; Leeuwenburgh, Sander Cg; Jansen, John A; van den Beucken, Jeroen Jjp

2017-08-01

Calcium phosphates and bioactive glass ceramics have been considered promising biomaterials for use in surgeries. However, their moldability should be further enhanced. We here thereby report the handling, physicochemical features, and morphological characteristics of formulations consisting of carboxymethylcellulose-glycerol and hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate or Biosilicate® particles. We hypothesized that combining either material with carboxymethylcellulose-glycerol would improve handling properties, retaining their bioactivity. In addition to scanning electron microscopy, cohesion, mineralization, pH, and viscoelastic properties of the novel formulations, cell culture experiments were performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and cell proliferation. Putty-like formulations were obtained with improved cohesion and moldability. Remarkably, mineralization in simulated body fluid of hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate/carboxymethylcellulose-glycerol formulations was enhanced compared to pure hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate. Cell experiments showed that all formulations were noncytotoxic and that HA-TCP60 and BGC50 extracts led to an increased cell proliferation. We conclude that combining carboxymethylcellulose-glycerol with either hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate or Biosilicate® allows for the generation of moldable putties, improves handling properties, and retains the ceramic bioactivity.

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Toughening Mechanisms of a New Hot Stamping-Bake Toughening Steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Tao; Song, Hong-Wu; Zhang, Shi-Hong; Cheng, Ming; Liu, Wei-Jie; Chen, Yun

2015-09-01

In this article, the hot stamping-bake toughening process has been proposed following the well-known concept of bake hardening. The influences of the bake time on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the hot stamped-baked part were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and mechanical tests at room temperature. The results show that the amount of the retained austenite was nearly not changed by the bake process. Also observed were spherical Cu-rich precipitates of about 15 nm in martensite laths. According to the Orowan mechanism, their contribution of the Cu-rich precipitates to the strength is approximately 245 MPa. With the increase of the bake time, the tensile strength of the part was decreased, whereas both the ductility and the product of the tensile strength and ductility were increased then decreased. The tensile strength and ductility product and the tensile strength are as high as 21.9 GPa pct, 2086 MPa, respectively. The excellent combined properties are due to the transformation-induced plasticity effect caused by retained austenite.

29 CFR 95.34 - Equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS, AND WITH COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS, FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS, ORGANIZATIONS UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS, AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Property Standards... the Federal Government retains an interest in the equipment. (c) The recipient shall use the equipment...

29 CFR 95.34 - Equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS, AND WITH COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS, FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS, ORGANIZATIONS UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS, AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Property Standards... the Federal Government retains an interest in the equipment. (c) The recipient shall use the equipment...

29 CFR 95.34 - Equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS, AND WITH COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS, FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS, ORGANIZATIONS UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS, AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Property Standards... the Federal Government retains an interest in the equipment. (c) The recipient shall use the equipment...

40 CFR 35.935-3 - Property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... construction), and must thereafter retain, a fee simple or such estate or interest in the site of a step 3... municipalities have, or will have before the initiation of step 3 construction, such interests or rights in land...

JPRS Report, Science & Technology, USSR: Engineering & Equipment

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-07-13

mono- chromatic waves according to Landau-Lifshits relations and the Maxwell-Garnett relation for effective dielectric permittivity . The agreement...GKNT stemmed from this, and although it renamed the MGDES as a commercial pilot plant, it retained its colossal volume inviolable, i.e., on the

Effect of drying method to antioxidants capacity of Limnophila aromatica

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yen, Tran Thi Ngoc; Vu, Nguyen Hoang

2017-09-01

Limnophila aromatica is widely used in South East Asian countries to make spices in food and medicine in traditional medicine. The use value of vegetables is known because some of the lesser constituents in plants are called antioxidants. These active ingredients have not been fully researched and their pharmacological effects are underestimated. In this study, the drying temperature at 40 °C was showed that the antioxidant activity decreased the most. The drying temperature of 50 °C is suitable for convection drying method and drying temperature of 60 °C suitable for vacuum drying, as it retains the most antioxidant properties. Regarding the drying method, freeze drying proved to be effective when retaining high antioxidant capacity. Using The convection drying at 50 °C and the vacuum drying at 60 °C, the antioxidant activity of Limnophila aromatica was not different. Over 6 weeks of preservation, the dried product has deterioration in antioxidant properties.

Flame-retardant EPDM compounds containing phenanthrene to enhance radiation resistance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Jian; Huang, Wei; Jiang, Shu-Bin; Li, Xiao-Yan; An, You; Li, Chuang; Gao, Xiao-Ling; Chen, Hong-Bing

2017-01-01

Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) compounds with good flame-retardant and γ-ray radiation resistant properties were prepared by adding complex flame retardants and phenathrene. The resultant EPDM formulations have a long time to ignition (TTI >46 s), a low peak heat release rate (PHRR 341 kW/m2) and a high limited oxygen index (LOI >30). Effects of γ-ray radiation on the resultant flame-retardant EPDM was investigated. The formulated EPDM is a crosslinking dominated polymer under γ-ray radiation. The γ-ray radiation resistant property of EPDM was enhanced by adding phenanthrene. Elongation at break of EPDM formulated with phenanthrene could retain 91% after being irradiated to 0.3 MGy and still retains 40% elongation even after being irradiated to 0.9 MGy, which is much better the control. It is expected that the formulated flame-retardant and radiation resistant EPDM materials could meet the requirements for use in radiation environments.

Analytical strategies based on quantum dots for heavy metal ions detection.

PubMed

Vázquez-González, Margarita; Carrillo-Carrion, Carolina

2014-01-01

Heavy metal contamination is one of the major concerns to human health because these substances are toxic and retained by the ecological system. Therefore, in recent years, there has been a pressing need for fast and reliable methods for the analysis of heavy metal ions in environmental and biological samples. Quantum dots (QDs) have facilitated the development of sensitive sensors over the past decade, due to their unique photophysical properties, versatile surface chemistry and ligand binding ability, and the possibility of the encapsulation in different materials or attachment to different functional materials, while retaining their native luminescence property. This paper comments on different sensing strategies with QD for the most toxic heavy metal ions (i.e., cadmium, Cd2+; mercury, Hg2+; and lead, Pb2+). Finally, the challenges and outlook for the QD-based sensors for heavy metals ions are discussed.

Microstructure-Property Correlation in Low-Si Steel Processed Through Quenching and Nonisothermal Partitioning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bansal, Gaurav K.; Rajinikanth, V.; Ghosh, Chiradeep; Srivastava, V. C.; Kundu, S.; Ghosh Chowdhury, S.

2018-05-01

In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to stabilize austenite by carbon partitioning through quenching and nonisothermal partitioning (Q&P) technique. This will eliminate the need for additional heat-treatment facility to perform isothermal partitioning or tempering process. The presence of retained austenite in the microstructure helps in increasing the toughness, which in turn is expected to improve the abrasion resistance of steels. The carbon partitioning from different quench temperatures has been performed on two different alloys, with low-Si content (0.5 wt pct), in a salt bath furnace atmosphere, the cooling profile of which closely resembles the industrially produced hot-rolled coil cooling. The results show that the stabilization of retained austenite is possible and gives rise to increased work hardening, better impact toughness and abrasive wear loss comparable to that of a fully martensitic microstructure. In contrast, tempered martensite exhibits better wear properties at the expense of impact toughness.

7 CFR Exhibit B to Subpart B of... - Grant Agreement (Public Bodies) for Site Development and/or Site Acquisition for Housing and/or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... race, color, national origin, religion, sex, marital status, age, physical or mental handicap. 4. Use... without reimbursement to the Federal Government or sell the property and retain the proceeds. (2) All... which meets the criteria of b(1) above, the Grantee shall sell the property and reimburse the Grantor an...

7 CFR Exhibit B to Subpart B of... - Grant Agreement (Public Bodies) for Site Development and/or Site Acquisition for Housing and/or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... race, color, national origin, religion, sex, marital status, age, physical or mental handicap. 4. Use... without reimbursement to the Federal Government or sell the property and retain the proceeds. (2) All... which meets the criteria of b(1) above, the Grantee shall sell the property and reimburse the Grantor an...

7 CFR Exhibit B to Subpart B of... - Grant Agreement (Public Bodies) for Site Development and/or Site Acquisition for Housing and/or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... race, color, national origin, religion, sex, marital status, age, physical or mental handicap. 4. Use... without reimbursement to the Federal Government or sell the property and retain the proceeds. (2) All... which meets the criteria of b(1) above, the Grantee shall sell the property and reimburse the Grantor an...

22 CFR 72.29 - Real property overseas belonging to deceased United States citizen or national.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Real property overseas belonging to deceased... the State Department Basic Authorities Act (22 U.S.C. 2697) and section 9(a)(3) of the Foreign Service Buildings Act of 1926 (22 U.S.C. 300(a)(3)). (d) If the Department of State does not wish to retain such...

Psychometric Properties of Patient-Facing eHealth Evaluation Measures: Systematic Review and Analysis.

PubMed

Wakefield, Bonnie J; Turvey, Carolyn L; Nazi, Kim M; Holman, John E; Hogan, Timothy P; Shimada, Stephanie L; Kennedy, Diana R

2017-10-11

Significant resources are being invested into eHealth technology to improve health care. Few resources have focused on evaluating the impact of use on patient outcomes A standardized set of metrics used across health systems and research will enable aggregation of data to inform improved implementation, clinical practice, and ultimately health outcomes associated with use of patient-facing eHealth technologies. The objective of this project was to conduct a systematic review to (1) identify existing instruments for eHealth research and implementation evaluation from the patient's point of view, (2) characterize measurement components, and (3) assess psychometrics. Concepts from existing models and published studies of technology use and adoption were identified and used to inform a search strategy. Search terms were broadly categorized as platforms (eg, email), measurement (eg, survey), function/information use (eg, self-management), health care occupations (eg, nurse), and eHealth/telemedicine (eg, mHealth). A computerized database search was conducted through June 2014. Included articles (1) described development of an instrument, or (2) used an instrument that could be traced back to its original publication, or (3) modified an instrument, and (4) with full text in English language, and (5) focused on the patient perspective on technology, including patient preferences and satisfaction, engagement with technology, usability, competency and fluency with technology, computer literacy, and trust in and acceptance of technology. The review was limited to instruments that reported at least one psychometric property. Excluded were investigator-developed measures, disease-specific assessments delivered via technology or telephone (eg, a cancer-coping measure delivered via computer survey), and measures focused primarily on clinician use (eg, the electronic health record). The search strategy yielded 47,320 articles. Following elimination of duplicates and non-English language publications (n=14,550) and books (n=27), another 31,647 articles were excluded through review of titles. Following a review of the abstracts of the remaining 1096 articles, 68 were retained for full-text review. Of these, 16 described an instrument and six used an instrument; one instrument was drawn from the GEM database, resulting in 23 articles for inclusion. None included a complete psychometric evaluation. The most frequently assessed property was internal consistency (21/23, 91%). Testing for aspects of validity ranged from 48% (11/23) to 78% (18/23). Approximately half (13/23, 57%) reported how to score the instrument. Only six (26%) assessed the readability of the instrument for end users, although all the measures rely on self-report. Although most measures identified in this review were published after the year 2000, rapidly changing technology makes instrument development challenging. Platform-agnostic measures need to be developed that focus on concepts important for use of any type of eHealth innovation. At present, there are important gaps in the availability of psychometrically sound measures to evaluate eHealth technologies. ©Bonnie J Wakefield, Carolyn L Turvey, Kim M Nazi, John E Holman, Timothy P Hogan, Stephanie L Shimada, Diana R Kennedy. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 11.10.2017.

Effect of heat treatment on surface hydrophilicity-retaining ability of titanium dioxide nanotubes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Yu; Sun, Shupei; Liao, Xiaoming; Wen, Jiang; Yin, Guangfu; Pu, Ximing; Yao, Yadong; Huang, Zhongbing

2018-05-01

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different annealing temperature and atmosphere on the surface wettability retaining properties of titania nanotubes (TNs) fabricated by anodization. The TNs morphology, crystal phase composition and surface elemental composition and water contact angle (WCA) were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact angle instrument, respectively. After the samples annealed at 200 °C, 450 °C, 850 °C have been stored in air for 28 days, the WCAs increase to 31.7°, 21.1° and 110.5°, respectively. The results indicate that crystal phase composition of TNs plays an important role in surface wettability. Compared with the WCA (21.1°) of the samples annealed in air after 28 days, the WCA of samples annealed in oxygen-deficient atmosphere is lower, suggesting the contribution of oxygen vacancy in the enhanced hydrophilicity-retaining ability. Our study demonstrates that the surface hydrophilicity-retaining ability of TNs is related to the ordered nanotubular structure, crystal structure, the amount of surface hydroxyl group and oxygen vacancy defects.

Low-mass X-ray binaries from black hole retaining globular clusters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Giesler, Matthew; Clausen, Drew; Ott, Christian D.

2018-06-01

Recent studies suggest that globular clusters (GCs) may retain a substantial population of stellar-mass black holes (BHs), in contrast to the long-held belief of a few to zero BHs. We model the population of BH low-mass X-ray binaries (BH-LMXBs), an ideal observable proxy for elusive single BHs, produced from a representative group of Milky Way GCs with variable BH populations. We simulate the formation of BH binaries in GCs through exchange interactions between binary and single stars in the company of tens to hundreds of BHs. Additionally, we consider the impact of the BH population on the rate of compact binaries undergoing gravitational wave driven mergers. The characteristics of the BH-LMXB population and binary properties are sensitive to the GCs structural parameters as well as its unobservable BH population. We find that GCs retaining ˜1000 BHs produce a galactic population of ˜150 ejected BH-LMXBs, whereas GCs retaining only ˜20 BHs produce zero ejected BH-LMXBs. Moreover, we explore the possibility that some of the presently known BH-LMXBs might have originated in GCs and identify five candidate systems.

Development and validation of a ten-item questionnaire with explanatory illustrations to assess upper extremity disorders: favorable effect of illustrations in the item reduction process.

PubMed

Kurimoto, Shigeru; Suzuki, Mikako; Yamamoto, Michiro; Okui, Nobuyuki; Imaeda, Toshihiko; Hirata, Hitoshi

2011-11-01

The purpose of this study is to develop a short and valid measure for upper extremity disorders and to assess the effect of attached illustrations in item reduction of a self-administered disability questionnaire while retaining psychometric properties. A validated questionnaire used to assess upper extremity disorders, the Hand20, was reduced to ten items using two item-reduction techniques. The psychometric properties of the abbreviated form, the Hand10, were evaluated on an independent sample that was used for the shortening process. Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the Hand10 were retained in the item reduction process. It was possible that the use of explanatory illustrations attached to the Hand10 helped with its reproducibility. The illustrations for the Hand10 promoted text comprehension and motivation to answer the items. These changes resulted in high acceptability; more than 99.3% of patients, including 98.5% of elderly patients, could complete the Hand10 properly. The illustrations had favorable effects on the item reduction process and made it possible to retain precision of the instrument. The Hand10 is a reliable and valid instrument for individual-level applications with the advantage of being compact and broadly applicable, even in elderly individuals.

Recrystallization and Water Absorption Properties of Vitrified Trehalose Near Room Temperature.

PubMed

Shirakashi, Ryo; Takano, Kiyoshi

2018-05-10

To provide the physicochemical properties of vitrified trehalose for predicting its recrystallization. Thin films of vitrified trehalose solutions were prepared at room temperature and exposed to various humid and temperature atmospheres. The in-situ amount of retained water in the vacuum-dried trehalose thin film during exposure was determined using its FTIR spectrum by quantifying the extremely infinitesimal amount of retained water in the trehalose solution. Recrystallization of the sample was also assessed by the FTIR spectrum of trehalose dihydrate. The effective water absorption coefficient, h meff , exponentially increased to the water activity of the trehalose sample, A w , at 25°C and 40°C at which the increasing rates are comparable. The surface energy of trehalose dihydrate, γ, was found to be lower than the value calculated from the reported equation, neglecting the effects of the activity of the solute and solvent water. The retained water in trehalose considerably increases its affinity for water vapor, and the change in this affinity with regard to the water activity is nearly independent of temperature. The dihydrate nucleation rate of trehalose-water system is maximal when trehalose weight ratio is ~0.8 at 25°C and is slightly higher (~0.85) at 40°C.

Telomerase-immortalized non-malignant human prostate epithelial cells retain the properties of multipotent stem cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li Hongzhen; Zhou Jianjun; Miki, Jun

2008-01-01

Understanding prostate stem cells may provide insight into the origin of prostate cancer. Primary cells have been cultured from human prostate tissue but they usually survive only 15-20 population doublings before undergoing senescence. We report here that RC-170N/h/clone 7 cells, a clonal cell line from hTERT-immortalized primary non-malignant tissue-derived human prostate epithelial cell line (RC170N/h), retain multipotent stem cell properties. The RC-170N/h/clone 7 cells expressed a human embryonic stem cell marker, Oct-4, and potential prostate epithelial stem cell markers, CD133, integrin {alpha}2{beta}1{sup hi} and CD44. The RC-170N/h/clone 7 cells proliferated in KGM and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium with 10% fetalmore » bovine serum and 5 {mu}g/ml insulin (DMEM + 10% FBS + Ins.) medium, and differentiated into epithelial stem cells that expressed epithelial cell markers, including CK5/14, CD44, p63 and cytokeratin 18 (CK18); as well as the mesenchymal cell markers, vimentin, desmin; the neuron and neuroendocrine cell marker, chromogranin A. Furthermore the RC170 N/h/clone 7 cells differentiated into multi tissues when transplanted into the sub-renal capsule and subcutaneously of NOD-SCID mice. The results indicate that RC170N/h/clone 7 cells retain the properties of multipotent stem cells and will be useful as a novel cell model for studying the mechanisms of human prostate stem cell differentiation and transformation.« less

Modified pavement cement concrete

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Botsman, L. N.; Ageeva, M. S.; Botsman, A. N.; Shapovalov, S. M.

2018-03-01

The paper suggests design principles of pavement cement concrete, which covers optimization of compositions and structures at the stage of mixture components selection due to the use of plasticizing agents and air-retaining substances that increase the viability of a concrete mixture. It also demonstrates advisability of using plasticizing agents together with air-retaining substances when developing pavement concrete compositions, which provides for the improvement of physical and mechanical properties of concrete and the reduction of cement binding agent consumption thus preserving strength indicators. The paper shows dependences of the main physical-mechanical parameters of concrete on cement consumption, a type and amount of additives.

Potential of tissue culture for breeding root-knot nematode resistance into vegetables.

PubMed

Fassuliotis, G; Bhatt, D P

1982-01-01

Plant protoplast technology is being investigated as a means of transferring root-knot nematode resistance factors from Solanum sisymbriifolium into the susceptible S. melongena. Solanum sisymbriifolium plants regenerated from callus lost resistance to Meloidogyne javanica but retained resistance to M. incognita. Tomato plants cloned from leaf discs of the root-knot nematode resistant 'Patriot' were completely susceptible to M. incognita, while sections of stems and leaves rooted in sand in the absence of growth hormones retained resistance. Changes in resistance persisted for three generations. It is postulated that the exogenous hormonal constituents of the culture medium are modifying the expression of genetic resistance.

Synthesis and characterization of Gd-doped magnetite nanoparticles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Honghu; Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA; Malik, Vikash

There has been rising interest in the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles due to their importance in biomedical and technological applications. Tunable magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles to meet specific requirements will greatly expand the spectrum of applications. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to studying and controlling the size, shape and magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles. We investigate gadolinium (Gd) doping to influence the growth process as well as magnetic properties of magnetite nanocrystals via a simple co-precipitation method under mild conditions in aqueous media. Gd doping was found to affect the growth process leading to synthesis of controllable particle sizesmore » under the conditions tested (0–10 at% Gd 3+). Typically, undoped and 5 at% Gd-doped magnetite nanoparticles were found to have crystal sizes of about 18 and 44 nm, respectively, supported by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. These results showed that Gd-doped nanoparticles retained the magnetite crystal structure, with Gd 3+ randomly incorporated in the crystal lattice, probably in the octahedral sites. The composition of 5 at% Gd-doped magnetite was Fe (3-x)Gd xO 4 (x=0.085±0.002), as determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 5 at% Gd-doped nanoparticles exhibited ferrimagnetic properties with small coercivity (~65 Oe) and slightly decreased magnetization at 260 K in contrast to the undoped, superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles. Templation by the bacterial biomineralization protein Mms6 did not appear to affect the growth of the Gd-doped magnetite particles synthesized by this method.« less

A mechanistic model (BCC-PSSICO) to predict changes in the hydraulic properties for bio-amended variably saturated soils

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carles Brangarí, Albert; Sanchez-Vila, Xavier; Freixa, Anna; M. Romaní, Anna; Rubol, Simonetta; Fernà ndez-Garcia, Daniel

2017-01-01

The accumulation of biofilms in porous media is likely to influence the overall hydraulic properties and, consequently, a sound understanding of the process is required for the proper design and management of many technological applications. In order to bring some light into this phenomenon we present a mechanistic model to study the variably saturated hydraulic properties of bio-amended soils. Special emphasis is laid on the distribution of phases at pore-scale and the mechanisms to retain and let water flow through, providing valuable insights into phenomena behind bioclogging. Our approach consists in modeling the porous media as an ensemble of capillary tubes, obtained from the biofilm-free water retention curve. This methodology is extended by the incorporation of a biofilm composed of bacterial cells and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Moreover, such a microbial consortium displays a channeled geometry that shrinks/swells with suction. Analytical equations for the volumetric water content and the relative permeability can then be derived by assuming that biomass reshapes the pore space following specific geometrical patterns. The model is discussed by using data from laboratory studies and other approaches already existing in the literature. It can reproduce (i) displacements of the retention curve toward higher saturations and (ii) permeability reductions of distinct orders of magnitude. Our findings also illustrate how even very small amounts of biofilm may lead to significant changes in the hydraulic properties. We, therefore, state the importance of accounting for the hydraulic characteristics of biofilms and for a complex/more realistic geometry of colonies at the pore-scale.

Synthesis and characterization of Gd-doped magnetite nanoparticles

DOE PAGES

Zhang, Honghu; Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA; Malik, Vikash; ...

2016-10-04

There has been rising interest in the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles due to their importance in biomedical and technological applications. Tunable magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles to meet specific requirements will greatly expand the spectrum of applications. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to studying and controlling the size, shape and magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles. We investigate gadolinium (Gd) doping to influence the growth process as well as magnetic properties of magnetite nanocrystals via a simple co-precipitation method under mild conditions in aqueous media. Gd doping was found to affect the growth process leading to synthesis of controllable particle sizesmore » under the conditions tested (0–10 at% Gd 3+). Typically, undoped and 5 at% Gd-doped magnetite nanoparticles were found to have crystal sizes of about 18 and 44 nm, respectively, supported by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. These results showed that Gd-doped nanoparticles retained the magnetite crystal structure, with Gd 3+ randomly incorporated in the crystal lattice, probably in the octahedral sites. The composition of 5 at% Gd-doped magnetite was Fe (3-x)Gd xO 4 (x=0.085±0.002), as determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 5 at% Gd-doped nanoparticles exhibited ferrimagnetic properties with small coercivity (~65 Oe) and slightly decreased magnetization at 260 K in contrast to the undoped, superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles. Templation by the bacterial biomineralization protein Mms6 did not appear to affect the growth of the Gd-doped magnetite particles synthesized by this method.« less

Agua Caliente Wind/Solar Project at Whitewater Ranch

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hooks, Todd; Stewart, Royce

2014-12-16

Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians (ACBCI) was awarded a grant by the Department of Energy (DOE) to study the feasibility of a wind and/or solar renewable energy project at the Whitewater Ranch (WWR) property of ACBCI. Red Mountain Energy Partners (RMEP) was engaged to conduct the study. The ACBCI tribal lands in the Coachella Valley have very rich renewable energy resources. The tribe has undertaken several studies to more fully understand the options available to them if they were to move forward with one or more renewable energy projects. With respect to the resources, the WWR property clearly hasmore » excellent wind and solar resources. The DOE National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has continued to upgrade and refine their library of resource maps. The newer, more precise maps quantify the resources as among the best in the world. The wind and solar technology available for deployment is also being improved. Both are reducing their costs to the point of being at or below the costs of fossil fuels. Technologies for energy storage and microgrids are also improving quickly and present additional ways to increase the wind and/or solar energy retained for later use with the network management flexibility to provide power to the appropriate locations when needed. As a result, renewable resources continue to gain more market share. The transitioning to renewables as the major resources for power will take some time as the conversion is complex and can have negative impacts if not managed well. While the economics for wind and solar systems continue to improve, the robustness of the WWR site was validated by the repeated queries of developers to place wind and/or solar there. The robust resources and improving technologies portends toward WWR land as a renewable energy site. The business case, however, is not so clear, especially when the potential investment portfolio for ACBCI has several very beneficial and profitable alternatives.« less

The development of peptide-based interfacial biomaterials for generating biological functionality on the surface of bioinert materials.

PubMed

Meyers, Steven R; Khoo, Xiaojuan; Huang, Xin; Walsh, Elisabeth B; Grinstaff, Mark W; Kenan, Daniel J

2009-01-01

Biomaterials used in implants have traditionally been selected based on their mechanical properties, chemical stability, and biocompatibility. However, the durability and clinical efficacy of implantable biomedical devices remain limited in part due to the absence of appropriate biological interactions at the implant interface and the lack of integration into adjacent tissues. Herein, we describe a robust peptide-based coating technology capable of modifying the surface of existing biomaterials and medical devices through the non-covalent binding of modular biofunctional peptides. These peptides contain at least one material binding sequence and at least one biologically active sequence and thus are termed, "Interfacial Biomaterials" (IFBMs). IFBMs can simultaneously bind the biomaterial surface while endowing it with desired biological functionalities at the interface between the material and biological realms. We demonstrate the capabilities of model IFBMs to convert native polystyrene, a bioinert surface, into a bioactive surface that can support a range of cell activities. We further distinguish between simple cell attachment with insufficient integrin interactions, which in some cases can adversely impact downstream biology, versus biologically appropriate adhesion, cell spreading, and cell survival mediated by IFBMs. Moreover, we show that we can use the coating technology to create spatially resolved patterns of fluorophores and cells on substrates and that these patterns retain their borders in culture.

Cast-in-place, ambiently-dried, silica-based, high-temperature insulation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cheng, Eric Jianfeng; Thompson, Travis; Salvador, James R.

A novel sol-gel chemistry approach was developed to enable the simple integration of a cast-in-place, ambiently-dried insulation into high temperature applications. The insulation was silica based, synthesized using methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) as the precursor. MTMS created a unique silica microstructure that was mechanically robust, macroporous, and superhydrophobic. To allow for casting into and around small, orthogonal features, zirconia fibers were added to increase stiffness and minimize contraction that could otherwise cause cracking during drying. Radiative heat transport was reduced by adding titania powder as an opacifier. To assess relevance to high temperature thermoelectric generator technology, a comprehensive set of materials characterizationsmore » were conducted. The silica gel was thermally stable, retained superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle > 150° , and showed a high electrical resistance > 1 GΩ, regardless of heating temperature (up to 600 °C in Ar for 4 h). In addition, it exhibited a Young's modulus ~3.7 MPa in room temperature and a low thermal conductivity < 0.08 W/m.K before and after heat treatment. Thus, based on the simplicity of the manufacturing process and optimized material properties, we believe this technology can act as an effective cast-in-place thermal insulation (CTI) for thermoelectric generators and myriad other applications requiring improved thermal efficiency.« less

Cast-in-place, ambiently-dried, silica-based, high-temperature insulation

DOE PAGES

Cheng, Eric Jianfeng; Thompson, Travis; Salvador, James R.; ...

2017-02-03

A novel sol-gel chemistry approach was developed to enable the simple integration of a cast-in-place, ambiently-dried insulation into high temperature applications. The insulation was silica based, synthesized using methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) as the precursor. MTMS created a unique silica microstructure that was mechanically robust, macroporous, and superhydrophobic. To allow for casting into and around small, orthogonal features, zirconia fibers were added to increase stiffness and minimize contraction that could otherwise cause cracking during drying. Radiative heat transport was reduced by adding titania powder as an opacifier. To assess relevance to high temperature thermoelectric generator technology, a comprehensive set of materials characterizationsmore » were conducted. The silica gel was thermally stable, retained superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle > 150° , and showed a high electrical resistance > 1 GΩ, regardless of heating temperature (up to 600 °C in Ar for 4 h). In addition, it exhibited a Young's modulus ~3.7 MPa in room temperature and a low thermal conductivity < 0.08 W/m.K before and after heat treatment. Thus, based on the simplicity of the manufacturing process and optimized material properties, we believe this technology can act as an effective cast-in-place thermal insulation (CTI) for thermoelectric generators and myriad other applications requiring improved thermal efficiency.« less

Welding arc plasma physics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cain, Bruce L.

1990-01-01

The problems of weld quality control and weld process dependability continue to be relevant issues in modern metal welding technology. These become especially important for NASA missions which may require the assembly or repair of larger orbiting platforms using automatic welding techniques. To extend present welding technologies for such applications, NASA/MSFC's Materials and Processes Lab is developing physical models of the arc welding process with the goal of providing both a basis for improved design of weld control systems, and a better understanding of how arc welding variables influence final weld properties. The physics of the plasma arc discharge is reasonably well established in terms of transport processes occurring in the arc column itself, although recourse to sophisticated numerical treatments is normally required to obtain quantitative results. Unfortunately the rigor of these numerical computations often obscures the physics of the underlying model due to its inherent complexity. In contrast, this work has focused on a relatively simple physical model of the arc discharge to describe the gross features observed in welding arcs. Emphasis was placed of deriving analytic expressions for the voltage along the arc axis as a function of known or measurable arc parameters. The model retains the essential physics for a straight polarity, diffusion dominated free burning arc in argon, with major simplifications of collisionless sheaths and simple energy balances at the electrodes.

Less-expensive Rochon prisms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ammann, E. O.; Massey, G. A.

1970-01-01

Inexpensive Rochon prisms can be produced by substituting easily polished glass for one-half of the calcite. Reciprocal polarizing properties of a conventional Rochon prism are retained, and angular separation between ordinary and extraordinary rays is the same as in all-calcite prism.

29 CFR 95.34 - Equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... ORGANIZATIONS, AND WITH COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS, FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS, ORGANIZATIONS UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS, AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Property Standards § 95.34... the Federal Government retains an interest in the equipment. (c) The recipient shall use the equipment...

Retaining IT Staff through Effective Institutional Planning and Management.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eleey, Michael

1999-01-01

Recommends a systems approach to ensure a positive working environment for campus information technology professionals to help reduce personnel turnover in this critical area. Guidelines include appropriate compensation, reasonable and effective matching of job scope and resources, problem prevention, and balanced professional development. (DB)

Alternative Work Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuehn, Kerri L.

2004-01-01

Employers are feeling the strain of needing to offer alternative work arrangements to retain and recruit employees. Due to a change in demographics, dual-career couples and increased technology; people are demanding a transformation in the workplace environment. Two alternatives, which are being offered by employers, are flextime and…

Employee Retention: Organisational and Personal Perspectives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kyndt, Eva; Dochy, Filip; Michielsen, Maya; Moeyaert, Bastiaan

2009-01-01

In this continuously changing contemporary economy, companies have to be able to anticipate technological innovations and to compete with other companies worldwide. This need makes important a company's ability to evolve through its employees' learning and through continuous development. Securing and retaining skilled employees plays an important…

Snapshot polarization-sensitive plug-in optical module for a Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marques, Manuel J.; Rivet, Sylvain; Bradu, Adrian; Podoleanu, Adrian

2018-02-01

In this communication, we present a proof-of-concept polarization-sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography (PS-OCT) which can be used to characterize the retardance and the axis orientation of a linear birefringent sample. This module configuration is an improvement from our previous work1, 2 since it encodes the two polarization channels on the optical path difference, effectively carrying out the polarization measurements simultaneously (snapshot measurement), whilst retaining all the advantages (namely the insensitivity to environmental parameters when using SM fibers) of these two previous configurations. Further progress consists in employing Master Slave OCT technology,3 which is used to automatically compensate for the dispersion mismatch introduced by the elements in the module. This is essential given the encoding of the polarization states on two different optical path lengths, each of them having dissimilar dispersive properties. By utilizing this method instead of the commonly used re-linearization and numerical dispersion compensation methods an improvement in terms of the calculation time required can be achieved.

Image-guided tissue engineering of anatomically shaped implants via MRI and micro-CT using injection molding.

PubMed

Ballyns, Jeffery J; Gleghorn, Jason P; Niebrzydowski, Vicki; Rawlinson, Jeremy J; Potter, Hollis G; Maher, Suzanne A; Wright, Timothy M; Bonassar, Lawrence J

2008-07-01

This study demonstrates for the first time the development of engineered tissues based on anatomic geometries derived from widely used medical imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Computer-aided design and tissue injection molding techniques have demonstrated the ability to generate living implants of complex geometry. Due to its complex geometry, the meniscus of the knee was used as an example of this technique's capabilities. MRI and microcomputed tomography (microCT) were used to design custom-printed molds that enabled the generation of anatomically shaped constructs that retained shape throughout 8 weeks of culture. Engineered constructs showed progressive tissue formation indicated by increases in extracellular matrix content and mechanical properties. The paradigm of interfacing tissue injection molding technology can be applied to other medical imaging techniques that render 3D models of anatomy, demonstrating the potential to apply the current technique to engineering of many tissues and organs.

Producing Fe-W-Co-Cr-C Alloy Cutting Tool Material Through Powder Metallurgy Route

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Datta Banik, Bibhas; Dutta, Debasish; Ray, Siddhartha

2017-04-01

High speed steel tools can withstand high impact forces as they are tough in nature. But they cannot retain their hardness at elevated temperature i.e. their hot hardness is low. Therefore permissible cutting speed is low and tools wear out easily. Use of lubricants is essential for HSS cutting tools. On the other hand cemented carbide tools can withstand greater compressive force, but due to lower toughness the tool can break easily. Moreover the cost of the tool is comparatively high. To achieve a better machining economy, Fe-W-Co-Cr-C alloys are being used nowadays. Their toughness is as good as HSS tools and hardness is very near to carbide tools. Even, at moderate cutting speeds they can be safely used in old machines having vibration. Moreover it is much cheaper than carbide tools. This paper highlights the Manufacturing Technology of the alloy and studies the comparative tribological properties of the alloy and tungsten mono carbide.

Opening education.

PubMed

Smith, Marshall S

2009-01-02

Spurred by the publication of Massachusetts Institute of Technology OpenCourseWare in 2002, the open educational resources (OER) movement, which has rapidly expanded and captured the imagination and energy of millions of creators and users throughout the world, now faces many opportunities and substantial challenges as it moves to become an integral part of the world's educational environment. The confluence of the Web and a spirit of sharing intellectual property have fueled a worldwide movement to make knowledge and education materials open to all for use. OER are content (courses, books, lesson plans, articles, etc.), tools (virtual laboratories, simulations, and games), and software that support learning and educational practice. OER are free on the Web, and most have licenses that allow copyright holders to retain ownership while providing specified rights for use in original and modified forms. At the least, OER have helped to level the distribution of knowledge across the world. A second promise of OER is to help transform educational practices. This article explores the history of and promises and challenges for OER.

Creating Long Term Income Streams for the 100 Year Starship Study Initiative

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sylvester, A. J.

Development and execution of long term research projects are very dependent on a consistent application of funding to maximize the potential for success. The business structure for the 100 Year Starship Study project should allow for multiple income streams to cover the expenses of the research objectives. The following examples illustrate the range of potential avenues: 1) affiliation with a charitable foundation for creating a donation program to fund a long term endowment for research, 2) application for grants to fund initial research projects and establish the core expertise of the research entity, 3) development of intellectual property which can then be licensed for additional revenue, 4) creation of spinout companies with equity positions retained by the lab for funding the endowment, and 5) funded research which is dual use for the technology goals of the interstellar flight research objectives. With the establishment of a diversified stream of funding options, then the endowment can be funded at a level to permit dedicated research on the interstellar flight topics. This paper will focus on the strategy of creating spinout companies to create income streams which would fund the endowment of the 100 Year Starship Study effort. This technique is widely used by universities seeking to commercially develop and market technologies developed by university researchers. An approach will be outlined for applying this technique to potentially marketable technologies generated as a part of the 100 Year Starship Study effort.

Generation of stable PDX derived cell lines using conditional reprogramming.

PubMed

Borodovsky, Alexandra; McQuiston, Travis J; Stetson, Daniel; Ahmed, Ambar; Whitston, David; Zhang, Jingwen; Grondine, Michael; Lawson, Deborah; Challberg, Sharon S; Zinda, Michael; Pollok, Brian A; Dougherty, Brian A; D'Cruz, Celina M

2017-12-06

Efforts to develop effective cancer therapeutics have been hindered by a lack of clinically predictive preclinical models which recapitulate this complex disease. Patient derived xenograft (PDX) models have emerged as valuable tools for translational research but have several practical limitations including lack of sustained growth in vitro. In this study, we utilized Conditional Reprogramming (CR) cell technology- a novel cell culture system facilitating the generation of stable cultures from patient biopsies- to establish PDX-derived cell lines which maintain the characteristics of the parental PDX tumor. Human lung and ovarian PDX tumors were successfully propagated using CR technology to create stable explant cell lines (CR-PDX). These CR-PDX cell lines maintained parental driver mutations and allele frequency without clonal drift. Purified CR-PDX cell lines were amenable to high throughput chemosensitivity screening and in vitro genetic knockdown studies. Additionally, re-implanted CR-PDX cells proliferated to form tumors that retained the growth kinetics, histology, and drug responses of the parental PDX tumor. CR technology can be used to generate and expand stable cell lines from PDX tumors without compromising fundamental biological properties of the model. It offers the ability to expand PDX cells in vitro for subsequent 2D screening assays as well as for use in vivo to reduce variability, animal usage and study costs. The methods and data detailed here provide a platform to generate physiologically relevant and predictive preclinical models to enhance drug discovery efforts.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jiang, X., E-mail: Xiujuan.jiang@pnnl.gov

Soft magnetic materials are often limited in scalability due to conventional processes that do not retain beneficial microstructures, and their associated physical properties, during densification. In this work, friction consolidation (FC) has been studied to fabricate Fe−Si soft magnetic materials from gas-atomized powder precursors. Fe−Si powder is consolidated using variable pressure and tool rotation speed in an effort to evaluate this unique densification approach for potential improvements in magnetic properties. FC, due to the high shear deformation involved, is shown to result in uniform gradual grain structure refinement across the consolidated workpiece from the center nearest the tool to themore » edge. Magnetic properties along different orientations indicate little, if any, textural orientation in the refined grain structure. The effect of annealing on the magnetic properties is evaluated and shown to decrease coercivity. FC processing was able to retain the magnetization of the original gas-atomized powders but further process optimization is needed to reach the optimal coercivity for the soft magnetic materials applications. - Highlights: •Friction stir processing was utilized to consolidate Fe−Si soft magnetic powders. •The resultant microstructure and magnetic properties were correlated to the processing conditions. •Friction consolidation refined the grain size of the materials by ~ 40%. •Annealing successfully reduced the coercivity induced by the stress during processing. •The results shine light on the possible scaling up of nanostructured materials.« less

Recycling high-performance carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites using sub-critical and supercritical water

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Knight, Chase C.

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) are composite materials that consist of carbon fibers embedded in a polymer matrix, a combination that yields materials with properties exceeding the individual properties of each component. CFRP have several advantages over metals: they offer superior strength to weight ratios and superior resistance to corrosion and chemical attack. These advantages, along with continuing improvement in manufacturing processes, have resulted in rapid growth in the number of CFRP products and applications especially in the aerospace/aviation, wind energy, automotive, and sporting goods industries. Due to theses well-documented benefits and advancements in manufacturing capabilities, CFRP will continue to replace traditional materials of construction throughout several industries. However, some of the same properties that make CFRP outstanding materials also pose a major problem once these materials reach the end of service life. They become difficult to recycle. With composite consumption in North America growing by almost 5 times the rate of the US GDP in 2012, this lack of recyclability is a growing concern. As consumption increases, more waste will inevitably be generated. Current composite recycling technologies include mechanical recycling, thermal processing, and chemical processing. The major challenge of CFRP recycling is the ability to recover materials of high-value and preserve their properties. To this end, the most suitable technology is chemical processing, where the polymer matrix can be broken down and removed from the fiber, with limited damage to the fibers. This can be achieved using high concentration acids, but such a process is undesirable due to the toxicity of such materials. A viable alternative to acid is water in the sub-critical and supercritical region. Under these conditions, the behavior of this abundant and most environmentally friendly solvent resembles that of an organic compound, facilitating the breakdown of the polymer matrix. To date, very few studies have been reported in this area and the studies thus far have only focused on small scale feasibility and have only shown the recovery of random fibers. The goal of this research is to advance the knowledge in the field of sub-critical and supercritical fluid recycling by providing fundamental information that will be necessary to move this process forward to an industrial scale. This dissertation work consists of several phases of studies. In the first phase of this research, the feasibility of recycling woven CFRP was established on a scale approximately 30 times larger than previously reported. The industrial relevance was also conveyed, as the process was shown to remove up 99% of a highly cross-linked resin from an aerospace grade composite system with 100% retention of the single filament tensile strength and modulus whilst also retaining the highly valuable woven fiber structure. The second phase of research demonstrated the power of this technology to recycle multi-layer composites and provide the ability to reuse the highly valuable materials. Up to 99% resin elimination was achieved for a woven 12-layer aerospace grade composite. The recycled woven fabric layers, with excellent retention of the fiber architecture, were directly reused to fabricate reclaimed fiber composites (RFC). Manufacturing issues associated with the use of the recycled fiber were investigated. Several fabrication technologies were used to fabricate the composite, and the composites show moderate short beam shear strength and may be suitable for certain industrial applications. Moreover, fresh composites were also recycled, recovered, and reused to investigate the retention of flexural properties of the fibers after recycling. Up to 95% of the flexural strength and 98% of the flexural modulus was retained in the reclaimed fiber composites. The recycled resin residual can be incorporated into fresh resin and cured, demonstrating a near complete recycling loop. After showing the feasibility and power of this technology, the third phase of the study was focused on the fundamentals on the degradation of highly cross-linked polymer network by sub- and near-critical water. A methodology framework was established to study the apparent kinetics of the degradation of epoxy in sub-critical water. The reaction rate was modeled by a phenomenological rate model of nth order, and the rate constant was modeled by taking into account of the contributions of important physical parameters, e.g., pressure, temperature and dielectric constants. The applicability of the established model to describe the degradation kinetics was confirmed by the validation runs. This model is a suitable starting point to gain the knowledge required for eventual industrial process design. The final phase of this research consisted of a preliminary foray into investigating the economic feasibility of this technology. A process model was designed around a reactor which was sized according to considerations of industrial relevancy. The simulation of the process was done using Aspen Plus, powerful and comprehensive process simulation software. Economic analysis of this pseudo-realistic process suggested that such technology was economically viable and competitive comparing to other recycling technologies. In summary, this dissertation work represents the first comprehensive investigation on recycling aerospace-grade, multilayer woven fabric composites using supercritical and sub-critical water. The fundamental knowledge gained and process technology developed during this research is anticipated to play an important role in advancing this recycling technology toward potential adoption and implementation by the recycling and composite industry.

Can Financial Aid Help to Address the Growing Need for STEM Education? The Effects of Need-Based Grants on the Completion of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math Courses and Degrees

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Castleman, Benjamin L.; Long, Bridget Terry; Mabel, Zachary

2018-01-01

Although workers in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields earn above-average wages, the number of college graduates prepared for STEM jobs lags behind employer demand. A key question is how to recruit and retain college students in STEM majors. We offer new evidence on the role of financial aid in supporting STEM attainment.…

Joint Small Arms Technology Development Strategy for Joint Service Small Arms Science and Technology Investments

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-01-26

Scope/Objectives Reiterating, this discussion is limited to small arms; those of .50 caliber and smaller plus low velocity and high 40mm...ballistic trajectory are included, plus abilities to engage targets in defilade such as by fragmentation effects for enemy located behind retaining walls...Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Weapons 3 2 Light Weight Small Arms / Light Weight Materials 2 2 Munition Guidance 2 2 Pain Beams 2 2 Barrel Coatings 1 1

Effect of small addition of Cr on stability of retained austenite in high carbon steel

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hossain, Rumana; Pahlevani, Farshid, E-mail: f.pah

High carbon steels with dual phase structures of martensite and austenite have considerable potential for industrial application in high abrasion environments due to their hardness, strength and relatively low cost. To design cost effective high carbon steels with superior properties, it is crucial to identify the effect of Chromium (Cr) on the stability of retained austenite (RA) and to fully understand its effect on solid-state phase transition. This study addresses this important knowledge gap. Using standard compression tests on bulk material, quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis, nano-indentation on individual austenitic grains, transmission electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction–based orientation microscopy techniques,more » the authors investigated the effect of Cr on the microstructure, transformation behaviour and mechanical stability of retained austenite in high carbon steel, with varying Cr contents. The results revealed that increasing the Cr %, altered the morphology of the RA and increased its stability, consequently, increasing the critical pressure for martensitic transformation. This study has critically addressed the elastoplastic behaviour of retained austenite – and provides a deep understanding of the effect of small additions of Cr on the metastable austenite of high carbon steel from the macro- to nano-level. Consequently, it paves the way for new applications for high carbon low alloy steels. - Highlights: • Effect of small addition of Cr on metastable austenite of high carbon steel from the macro- to nano-level • A multi-scale study of elastoplastic behaviour of retained austenite in high carbon steel • The mechanical stability of retained austenite during plastic deformation increased with increasing Cr content • Effect of grain boundary misorientation angle on hardness of individual retained austenite grains in high carbon steel.« less

Medium-Alloy Manganese-Rich Transformation-Induced Plasticity Steels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suh, Dong Woo; Ryu, Joo Hyun; Joo, Min Sung; Yang, Hong Seok; Lee, Kyooyoung; Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H.

2013-01-01

The manganese concentration of steels which rely on transformation-induced plasticity is generally less than 2 wt pct. Recent work has highlighted the potential for strong and ductile alloys containing some 6 wt pct of manganese, but with aluminum additions in order to permit heat treatments which are amenable to rapid production. However, large concentrations of aluminum also cause difficulties during continuous casting. Alloy design calculations have been carried out in an effort to balance these conflicting requirements, while maintaining the amount of retained austenite and transformation kinetics. The results indicate that it is possible by adjusting the carbon and manganese concentrations to reduce the aluminum concentration, without compromising the mechanical properties or transformation kinetics. The deformation-induced transformation of retained austenite is explained quantitatively, for a range of alloys, in terms of a driving force which takes into account the very fine state of the retained austenite.

Properties of Cells Carrying the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Thymidine Kinase Gene: Mechanisms of Reversion to a Thymidine Kinase-Negative Phenotype

PubMed Central

Bastow, K. F.; Darby, G.; Wildy, P.; Minson, A. C.

1980-01-01

We have isolated cells with a thymidine kinase-negative (tk−) phenotype from cells which carry the herpes simplex virus type 2 tk gene by selection in 5-bromodeoxyuridine or 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine. Both selection routines generated revertants with a frequency of 10−3 to 10−4, and resistance to either compound conferred simultaneous resistance to the other. tk− revertants fell into three classes: (i) cells that arose by deletion of all virus sequences, (ii) cells that had lost the virus tk gene but retained a nonselected virus-specific function and arose by deletion of part of the virus-specific sequence, and (iii) cells that retained the potential to express all of the virus-specific functions of the parental cells and retained all of the virus-specific DNA sequences. Images PMID:16789205

Advanced Decontamination Technologies: High Hydrostatic Pressure on Meat Products

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garriga, Margarita; Aymerich, Teresa

The increasing demand for “natural” foodstuffs, free from chemical additives, and preservatives has triggered novel approaches in food technology developments. In the last decade, practical use of high-pressure processing (HPP) made this emerging non-thermal technology very attractive from a commercial point of view. Despite the fact that the investment is still high, the resulting value-added products, with an extended and safe shelf-life, will fulfil the wishes of consumers who prefer preservative-free minimally processed foods, retaining sensorial characteristics of freshness. Moreover, unlike thermal treatment, pressure treatment is not time/mass dependant, thus reducing the time of processing.

Cold Spray for Repair of Magnesium Components

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-11-01

powder material. Other advantages of the Cold Spray process include:  It provides extremely dense coatings with virtually no inclusions or cracks ... crack on insertion of Rosan fitting and does not reclaim the mechanical properties of the Mg alloy. It is expected that the use of Cold Spray coating...Spray process include:  Extremely dense coatings with virtually no inclusions or cracks .  Retains properties and microstructure of initial powder

A privilege and a challenge: valuation of heirs' property by African American landowners and implications for forest management in the southeastern U.S

Treesearch

Sarah Hitchner; John Schelhas; Cassandra Johnson Gaither

2017-01-01

African Americans have historically struggled to retain land that has been held in their families for generations as heirs’ property, or land held collectively by heirs of the original owners without clear title. Ethnographic interviews with sixty landholding African American families in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Alabama reveal the cultural meanings...

12. LOOKING SOUTH ONTO PROPERTY FROM BODEGA AVENUE SHOWING HOUSING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. LOOKING SOUTH ONTO PROPERTY FROM BODEGA AVENUE SHOWING HOUSING DEVELOPMENT. 'BURBANK FARM' ON RIGHT. TALL TREE TO RIGHT OF STREET LIGHT IS EUCALYPTUS ON WEST OF COTTAGE WHICH IS PLANNED FOR REMOVAL. 13. 'BURBANK FARM' SHOWING BANK CUT CREATED WHEN BODEGA AVENUE ROADBED WAS LOWERED. WPA STONE RETAINING WALL AT BASE OF CUT. LOOKING SOUTHWEST. - Gold Ridge Farm, 7777 Bodega Avenue, Sebastopol, Sonoma County, CA

Introducing double polar heads to highly fluorescent Thiazoles: Influence on supramolecular structures and photonic properties.

PubMed

Kaufmann, M; Hupfer, M L; Sachse, T; Herrmann-Westendorf, F; Weiß, D; Dietzek, B; Beckert, R; Presselt, M

2018-04-30

Supramolecular structures determine properties of optoelectronically active materials and can be tailored via the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. Interactions between dyes can cause high crystallinities of Langmuir monolayers, thus rendering retaining their integrity during the LB-deposition challenging. However, increasing degrees of freedom exclusively at the polar anchoring moieties of dyes might improve processability without perturbing the dye's optoelectronic properties nor the function-determining crystallinity of the layer. (Amphiphilic) thiazole dyes without, with a mono-polar, and with a double-polar anchor were synthesized, whereas the two constituting polar moieties of the latter derivate are separated by a flexible alkyl chain. The supramolecular structures and crystallinities of Langmuir and LB monolayers were characterized by means of LB isotherms, atomic force microscopy and polarization-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. As compared to the mono-polar reference the introduction of a flexible double-polar head did not deteriorate UV-vis absorption, emission or electrochemical properties of the thiazole but significantly extended the range of constant compressibility modulus, thus indicating improved processability of the Langmuir monolayers. Indeed, AFM studies revealed that the integrity of the monolayers could be retained during LB-deposition. Additionally, also the underlying supramolecular structure of the chromophore moieties is largely identical to those obtained from the mono-polar reference thiazoles. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Labeling RDF Graphs for Linear Time and Space Querying

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Furche, Tim; Weinzierl, Antonius; Bry, François

Indices and data structures for web querying have mostly considered tree shaped data, reflecting the view of XML documents as tree-shaped. However, for RDF (and when querying ID/IDREF constraints in XML) data is indisputably graph-shaped. In this chapter, we first study existing indexing and labeling schemes for RDF and other graph datawith focus on support for efficient adjacency and reachability queries. For XML, labeling schemes are an important part of the widespread adoption of XML, in particular for mapping XML to existing (relational) database technology. However, the existing indexing and labeling schemes for RDF (and graph data in general) sacrifice one of the most attractive properties of XML labeling schemes, the constant time (and per-node space) test for adjacency (child) and reachability (descendant). In the second part, we introduce the first labeling scheme for RDF data that retains this property and thus achieves linear time and space processing of acyclic RDF queries on a significantly larger class of graphs than previous approaches (which are mostly limited to tree-shaped data). Finally, we show how this labeling scheme can be applied to (acyclic) SPARQL queries to obtain an evaluation algorithm with time and space complexity linear in the number of resources in the queried RDF graph.

Antibacterial Property of Cold-Sprayed HA-Ag/PEEK Coating

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sanpo, Noppakun; Tan, Meng Lu; Cheang, Philip; Khor, K. A.

2009-03-01

The antibacterial behavior of HA-Ag (silver-doped hydroxyapatite) nanopowder and their composite coatings were investigated against Escherichia coli (DH5α). HA-Ag nanopowder and PEEK (poly-ether-ether-ketone)-based HA-Ag composite powders were synthesized using in-house powder processing techniques. Bacteria culture assay of HA-Ag nanopowder and their composite powders displayed excellent bacteriostatic activity against E. coli. The antibacterial activity increased with increasing concentration of HA-Ag nanoparticle in these composite powders. These nanocomposite powders were subsequently used as feedstock to generate antibacterial coatings via cold spray technology. The ratios of HA-Ag to PEEK in their composite powders were 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, and 20:80 (wt.%). Microstructural characterization and phase analysis of feedstock powders and as-deposited coatings were carried out using FESEM/EDX and XRD. Antibacterial nanocomposite HA-Ag/PEEK coatings were successfully deposited using cold spraying parameters of 11-12 bars at preheated air temperature between 150 and 160 °C. These as-sprayed coatings of HA-Ag/PEEK composite powders comprising varying HA-Ag and PEEK ratios retained their inherent antibacterial property as verified from bacterial assay. The results indicated that the antibacterial activity increased with increasing HA-Ag nanopowder concentration in the composite powder feedstock and cold-sprayed coating.

Inactivation of pathogenic bacteria in food matrices: high pressure processing, photodynamic inactivation and pressure-assisted photodynamic inactivation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cunha, A.; Couceiro, J.; Bonifácio, D.; Martins, C.; Almeida, A.; Neves, M. G. P. M. S.; Faustino, M. A. F.; Saraiva, J. A.

2017-09-01

Traditional food processing methods frequently depend on the application of high temperature. However, heat may cause undesirable changes in food properties and often has a negative impact on nutritional value and organoleptic characteristics. Therefore, reducing the microbial load without compromising the desirable properties of food products is still a technological challenge. High-pressure processing (HPP) can be classified as a cold pasteurization technique, since it is a non-thermal food preservation method that uses hydrostatic pressure to inactivate spoilage microorganisms. At the same time, it increases shelf life and retains the original features of food. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is also regarded as promising approach for the decontamination of food matrices. In this case, the inactivation of bacterial cells is achieved by the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygens species (ROS) produced from the combined interaction of a photosensitizer molecule, light and oxygen. This short review examines some recent developments on the application of HPP and PDI with food-grade photosensitizers for the inactivation of listeriae, taken as a food pathogen model. The results of a proof-of-concept trial of the use of high-pressure as a coadjutant to increase the efficiency of photodynamic inactivation of bacterial endospores is also addressed.

Properties of injectable ready-to-use calcium phosphate cement based on water-immiscible liquid.

PubMed

Heinemann, S; Rössler, S; Lemm, M; Ruhnow, M; Nies, B

2013-04-01

Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are highly valuable materials for filling bone defects and bone augmentation by minimal invasive application via percutaneous injection. In the present study some key features were significantly improved by developing a novel injectable ready-to-use calcium phosphate cement based on water-immiscible carrier liquids. A combination of two surfactants was identified to facilitate the targeted discontinuous exchange of the liquid for water after contact with aqueous solutions, enabling the setting reaction to take place at distinct ratios of cement components to water. This prolonged the shelf life of the pre-mixed paste and enhanced reproducibility during application and setting reactions. The developed paste technology is applicable for different CPC formulations. Evaluations were performed for the formulation of an α-TCP-based CPC as a representative example for the preparation of injectable pastes with a powder-to-carrier liquid ratio of up to 85:15. We demonstrate that the resulting material retains the desirable properties of conventional CPC counterparts for fast setting, mechanical strength and biocompatibility, shows improved cohesion and will most probably show a similar degree of resorbability due to identical mineral structure of the set products. Copyright © 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Single-mode light source fabrication based on colloidal quantum dots

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Jianfeng; Chen, Bing; Baig, Sarfaraz; Wang, Michael R.

2009-02-01

There are huge market demands for innovative, cheap and efficient light sources, including light emitting devices, such as LEDs and lasers. However, the light source development in the visible spectral range encounters significant difficulties these years. The available visible wavelength LEDs or lasers are few, large and expensive. The main challenge lies at the lack of efficient light media. Semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) have recently commanded considerable attention. As a result of quantum confinement effect, the emission color of these QDs covers the whole visible spectral range and can be modified dramatically by simply changing their size. Such spectral tunability, together with large photoluminescence quantum yield and photostability, make QDs attractive for potential applications in a variety of light emitting technologies. However, there are still several technical problems that hinder their application as light sources. One main issue is how to fabricate these QDs into a solid state device while still retaining their original optical emission properties. A vacuum assisted micro-fluidic fabrication of guided wave devices has demonstrated low waveguide propagation loss, lower crosstalk, and improved waveguide structures. We report herein the combination of the excellent emission properties of QDs and novel vacuum assisted micro-fluidic photonic structure fabrication technique to realize single-mode efficient light sources.

Magnetic fingerprint in marine sediments: clues from cultivated Magnetovibrio blakemorei and recent cores from Brazilian Coast

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jovane, L.; Florindo, F.; Bazylinski, D. A.; Pellizari, V. H.; Brandini, F. P.; de Almeida, L. A.; Carneiro, F. R.; Braga, E. D.; Lins, U.

2013-12-01

The magnetic properties (first order reversal curves, ferromagnetic resonance and decomposition of saturation remanent magnetization acquisition) of Magnetovibrio blakemorei strain MV-1, a marine magnetotactic bacterium, differ from those of other magnetotactic species from sediments deposited in lakes and marine habitats previously studied. This finding suggests that magnetite produced by some magnetotactic bacteria retains magnetic properties in relation to the crystallographic structure of the magnetic phase produced and thus might represent a 'magnetic fingerprint' for a specific magnetotactic bacterium. The technique used to determine this fingerprint is a non-destructive, new technology that might allow for the identification and presence of specific species or types of magnetotactic bacteria in certain environments such as sediment. We also show some preliminary results on the biogeochemical factors that control magnetotactic bacterial populations, documenting the environment and the preservation of bacterial magnetite, which dominates the palaeomagnetic signal throughout recent sediments from Brazilian Coast. We searched for magnetotactic bacteria in order to understand the ecosystems and environmental change related to their presence in sediments. We focused on studying the environmental conditions that allow for the presence of magnetotactic bacteria and magnetosomes in sediments including determining magnetotactic bacterial populations in marine settings, measuring crucial nutrient availability in the water column and in sediments, and examining particulate delivery to the seafloor.

Transforming Education with Talent Management

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brandt, Julie

2011-01-01

Attracting, developing, and retaining employees, ensuring a pipeline of qualified people, and building a culture of engagement and productivity are important to the success of any organization. It is called "talent management." With the right technology support, talent management's real value is that it allows organizations to identify high…

Best of Both Worlds

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ramaswami, Rama

2009-01-01

Educators know that people learn best by doing. When students are doing something rather than reading or learning about it, they learn better. Immersive environments help students retain more information and speed up their learning. There's an enhancement in the way they learn. Immersive environments--which utilize technologies like simulations,…

In Pursuit of Sustainable STEM Certification Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schuster, Dwight

2013-01-01

The belief that STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education initiatives have the potential to stimulate both regional and national economies has prompted policy makers and funding agencies to revisit how STEM teachers are recruited, prepared, and retained. This article investigates the impact of a unique prescholarship…

Natural Minerals Coated by Biopolymer Chitosan: Synthesis, Physicochemical, and Adsorption Properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Budnyak, T. M.; Yanovska, E. S.; Kichkiruk, O. Yu.; Sternik, D.; Tertykh, V. A.

2016-11-01

Natural minerals are widely used in treatment technologies as mineral fertilizer, food additive in animal husbandry, and cosmetics because they combine valuable ion-exchanging and adsorption properties together with unique physicochemical and medical properties. Saponite (saponite clay) of the Ukrainian Podillya refers to the class of bentonites, a subclass of layered magnesium silicate montmorillonite. Clinoptilolits are aluminosilicates with carcase structure. In our work, we have coated biopolymer chitosan on the surfaces of natural minerals of Ukrainian origin — Podilsky saponite and Sokyrnitsky clinoptilolite. Chitosan mineral composites have been obtained by crosslinking of adsorbed biopolymer on saponite and clinoptilolite surface with glutaraldehyde. The obtained composites have been characterized by the physicochemical methods such as thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyses (DTA, DTG, TG), differential scanning calorimetry, mass analysis, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to determine possible interactions between the silica and chitosan molecule. The adsorption of microquantities of cations Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), Cd(II), and Pb(II) by the obtained composites and the initial natural minerals has been studied from aqueous solutions. The sorption capacities and kinetic adsorption characteristics of the adsorbents were estimated. It was found that the obtained results have shown that the ability of chitosan to coordinate heavy metal ions Zn(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), and Fe(III) is less or equal to the ability to retain ions of these metals in the pores of minerals without forming chemical bonds.

Impact of Backbone Tether Length and Structure on the Electrochemical Performance of Viologen Redox Active Polymers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burgess, Mark; Chénard, Etienne; Hernández-Burgos, Kenneth

The design of chemically stable and electrochemically reversible redox active polymers (RAPs) is of great interest for energy storage technologies. Particularly, RAPs are new players for flow batteries relying on a size-exclusion based mechanism of electrolyte separation, but few studies have provided detailed molecular understanding of redox polymers in solution. Here, we use a systematic molecular design approach to investigate the impact of linker and redox-pendant electronic interactions on the performance of viologen RAPs. We used scanning electrochemical microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, bulk electrolysis, temperature-dependent absorbance, and spectroelectrochemistry to study the redox properties, charge transfer kinetics, and self-exchange of electrons throughmore » redox active dimers and their equivalent polymers. Stark contrast was observed between the electrochemical properties of viologen dimers and their corresponding polymers. Electron self-exchange kinetics in redox active dimers that only differ by their tether length and rigidity influences their charge transfer properties. Predictions from the Marcus Hush theory were consistent with observations in redox active dimers, but they failed to fully capture the behavior of macromolecular systems. For example, polymer bound viologen pendants, if too close in proximity, do not retain chemical reversibility. In contrast to polymer films, small modifications to the backbone structure decisively impact the bulk electrolysis of polymer solutions. This first comprehensive study highlights the careful balance between electronic interactions and backbone rigidity required to design RAPs with superior electrochemical performance.« less

Antimicrobial and other properties of a new stabilized alkaline glutaraldehyde disinfectant/sterilizer.

PubMed

Miner, N A; McDowell, J W; Willcockson, G W; Bruckner, N I; Stark, R L; Whitmore, E J

1977-04-01

The properties of stabilized alkaline 2% glutaraldehyde solution (SGS) are discussed. SGS is discussed with regard to its chemistry, antimicrobial properties, organic soil resistance, toxicity, corrosivity and chemical stability. SGS retains the maximum antimicrobial activity of alkaline glutaraldehyde solutions and the chemical stability heretofore observed only with acidic glutaraldehyde solutions. These improvements, along with the inherent resistance of glutaraldehyde to neutralization by organic soil, allow SGS to be continuously used for 14 days in situations of high dilution, or 28 days in situations of low dilution.

Alginate: properties and biomedical applications

PubMed Central

Lee, Kuen Yong; Mooney, David J.

2011-01-01

Alginate is a biomaterial that has found numerous applications in biomedical science and engineering due to its favorable properties, including biocompatibility and ease of gelation. Alginate hydrogels have been particularly attractive in wound healing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering applications to date, as these gels retain structural similarity to the extracellular matrices in tissues and can be manipulated to play several critical roles. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of general properties of alginate and its hydrogels, their biomedical applications, and suggest new perspectives for future studies with these polymers. PMID:22125349

Promising characteristics of gradient porosity Ti-6Al-4V alloy prepared by SLM process.

PubMed

Fousová, Michaela; Vojtěch, Dalibor; Kubásek, Jiří; Jablonská, Eva; Fojt, Jaroslav

2017-05-01

Porous structures, manufactured of a biocompatible metal, mimicking human bone structure are the future of orthopedic implantology. Fully porous materials, however, suffer from certain drawbacks. To overcome these, gradient in structure can be prepared. With gradient in porosity mechanical properties can be optimized to an appropriate value, implant can be attributed a similar gradient macrostructure as bone, tissue adhesion may be promoted and also various modification with organic or inorganic substances are possible. In this study, additive technology selective laser melting (SLM) was used to produce three types of gradient porosity model specimens of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. As this technology has the potential to prepare complex structures in the near-net form, to control porosity, pore size and shape, it represents a promising option. The first part of the research work was focused on the characterization of the material itself in the as-produced state, only with heat treatment applied. The second part dealt with the influence of porosity on mechanical properties. The study has shown SLM brings significant changes in the surface chemistry. Despite this finding, titanium alloy retained its cytocompatibility, as it was outlined by in vitro tests with U-2 OS cells. With introduced porosity yield strength, ultimate strength and stiffness showed linear decrease, both in tension and compression. With respect to the future use in the form of orthopedic implant, especially reduction in Young's modulus down to the human bone value (30.5±2GPa) is very appreciated as the stress-shielding effect followed by possible implant loosening is limited. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Decellularized extracellular matrices produced from immortal cell lines derived from different parts of the placenta support primary mesenchymal stem cell expansion

PubMed Central

Kusuma, Gina D.; Brennecke, Shaun P.; O’Connor, Andrea J.; Kalionis, Bill

2017-01-01

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) exhibit undesired phenotypic changes during ex vivo expansion, limiting production of the large quantities of high quality primary MSCs needed for both basic research and cell therapies. Primary MSCs retain many desired MSC properties including proliferative capacity and differentiation potential when expanded on decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) prepared from primary MSCs. However, the need to use low passage number primary MSCs (passage 3 or lower) to produce the dECM drastically limits the utility and impact of this technology. Here, we report that primary MSCs expanded on dECM prepared from high passage number (passage 25) human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) transduced immortal MSC cell lines also exhibit increased proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Two hTERT-transduced placenta-derived MSC cell lines, CMSC29 and DMSC23 [derived from placental chorionic villi (CMSCs) and decidua basalis (DMSCs), respectively], were used to prepare dECM-coated substrates. These dECM substrates showed structural and biochemical differences. Primary DMSCs cultured on dECM-DMSC23 showed a three-fold increase in cell number after 14 days expansion in culture and increased osteogenic differentiation compared with controls. Primary CMSCs cultured on the dECM-DMSC23 exhibited a two-fold increase in cell number and increased osteogenic differentiation. We conclude that immortal MSC cell lines derived from different parts of the placenta produce dECM with varying abilities for supporting increased primary MSC expansion while maintaining important primary MSC properties. Additionally, this is the first demonstration of using high passage number cells to produce dECM that can promote primary MSC expansion, and this advancement greatly increases the feasibility and applicability of dECM-based technologies. PMID:28152107

Decellularized extracellular matrices produced from immortal cell lines derived from different parts of the placenta support primary mesenchymal stem cell expansion.

PubMed

Kusuma, Gina D; Brennecke, Shaun P; O'Connor, Andrea J; Kalionis, Bill; Heath, Daniel E

2017-01-01

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) exhibit undesired phenotypic changes during ex vivo expansion, limiting production of the large quantities of high quality primary MSCs needed for both basic research and cell therapies. Primary MSCs retain many desired MSC properties including proliferative capacity and differentiation potential when expanded on decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) prepared from primary MSCs. However, the need to use low passage number primary MSCs (passage 3 or lower) to produce the dECM drastically limits the utility and impact of this technology. Here, we report that primary MSCs expanded on dECM prepared from high passage number (passage 25) human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) transduced immortal MSC cell lines also exhibit increased proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Two hTERT-transduced placenta-derived MSC cell lines, CMSC29 and DMSC23 [derived from placental chorionic villi (CMSCs) and decidua basalis (DMSCs), respectively], were used to prepare dECM-coated substrates. These dECM substrates showed structural and biochemical differences. Primary DMSCs cultured on dECM-DMSC23 showed a three-fold increase in cell number after 14 days expansion in culture and increased osteogenic differentiation compared with controls. Primary CMSCs cultured on the dECM-DMSC23 exhibited a two-fold increase in cell number and increased osteogenic differentiation. We conclude that immortal MSC cell lines derived from different parts of the placenta produce dECM with varying abilities for supporting increased primary MSC expansion while maintaining important primary MSC properties. Additionally, this is the first demonstration of using high passage number cells to produce dECM that can promote primary MSC expansion, and this advancement greatly increases the feasibility and applicability of dECM-based technologies.

Information Technology Strategies for Honor Society and Organization Membership Retention in Online Nursing Programs.

PubMed

Hopkins, Emily E; Wasco, Jennifer J

Membership retention in an honor society or organization is of utmost importance for sustainability. However, retaining members in organizations that serve online education nursing students can be a challenging task. Understanding the importance of creating a sense of community to promote retention within an honor society chapter, nursing faculty at a small private university implemented different online approaches. This article highlights successful information technology strategies to promote membership retention in organizations for online nursing students.

Increasing diversity in radiologic technology.

PubMed

Carwile, Laura

2003-01-01

Diversity is increasingly important in the radiologic technology workplace. For significant changes to occur in work force diversity, educators must first recruit and retain students from a wide variety of backgrounds. This article examines personality, race and gender as factors affecting career choice and how educators can use these factors to increase diversity in their programs. An overview of the ASRT's efforts to improve diversity within the profession is presented, along with suggestions for developing effective recruitment and retention plans to increase diversity.

Design and Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Generator for Naval Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-06-01

Miller, Design of Brushless Permanent Magnet Motors , Magna Physics Publishing and Clarendon Press, 1994. [19] James L. Kirtley, "Course 6.685: Electric...Kirtley & Edward C. Lovelace, "Drag Loss in Retaining Rings of Permanent Magnet Motors ," SatCon Technology Corporation, March, 2003. [66] H. Polinder

Gender Issues in the University Research Environment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alpay, E.; Hari, A.; Kambouri, M.; Ahearn, A. L.

2010-01-01

Recruiting and retaining females within science, engineering and technology continues to challenge many European higher education institutions. This study looks at female self-perceptions relating to effective research work and career progression. Focus groups are used to examine the attitudes and experiences of females and a questionnaire is used…

75 FR 34705 - Information Collection; Submission for OMB Review, Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-18

... respond, including the use of appropriate automated, electronic, mechanical, or other technological... Progress Report was published in the Federal Register on March 12, 2010. This comment period ended on May... encouraged the Corporation to retain the current Progress Report submission schedule of semi-annually to help...

14 CFR 1260.4 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... to large businesses, special conditions at § 1260.57, New Technology, and § 1260.58, Designation of... commercial firms other than those with small businesses, in place of the provision at § 1260.28, Patent Rights. Grants with small businesses should retain the § 1260.28 provision. (5) Payments under grants...

Enhancing Diversity in Undergraduate Science: Self-Efficacy Drives Performance Gains with Active Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ballen, Cissy J.; Wieman, Carl; Salehi, Shima; Searle, Jeremy B.; Zamudio, Kelly R.

2017-01-01

Efforts to retain underrepresented minority (URM) students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) have shown only limited success in higher education, due in part to a persistent achievement gap between students from historically underrepresented and well-represented backgrounds. To test the hypothesis that active learning…

Exploring Competencies for Manufacturing Education Partnership Centers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chapman, Diane D.; Guerdat, Kate G.

2012-01-01

The National Institute of Standards and Technology's Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership works with U.S. manufacturers to help them create and retain jobs, increase profits, and save time and money. Members of the Manufacturing Extension Partnership recognized the need to expand capacity and capabilities of their network to address the…

78 FR 13056 - Information Collections Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications Commission

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-26

... technology; and (e) ways to further reduce the information collection burden on small business concerns with.... Respondents: Business or other for-profit entities. Frequency of Response: Recordkeeping requirement; Third.... Obligation to Respond: Required to obtain or retain benefits. The statutory authority for this collection of...

A Collaborative, Alternative Teacher Certification Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Securro, Samuel, Jr.; And Others

In the summer of 1986, three institutions (West Virginia State College, West Virigina College of Graduate Studies, and West Virgina Institute of Technology) consorted to design an alternative teacher certification program to attract and retain a qualified pool of mathematics and science teachers. Known as the Field-Based Training Program (FBTP),…

37 CFR 401.9 - Retention of rights by contractor employee inventor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... TECHNOLOGY POLICY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RIGHTS TO INVENTIONS MADE BY NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS AND SMALL BUSINESS FIRMS UNDER GOVERNMENT GRANTS, CONTRACTS, AND COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS § 401.9 Retention of rights... retain rights to a subject invention made under a funding agreement with a small business firm or...

Leaving STEM: STEM Ph.D. Holders in Non-STEM Careers. Issue Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Turk-Bicakci, Lori; Berger, Andrea

2014-01-01

During the last few decades, national, state, and institutional-level initiatives have been implemented to build and expand the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce by recruiting and retaining groups of individuals that have been traditionally underrepresented in STEM in higher education. The underlying theory of…

Creative Teaching in STEM

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pollard, Vikki; Hains-Wesson, Rachael; Young, Karen

2018-01-01

If Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines in higher education are to retain students, there needs to be a shift towards teaching in more enriching and interesting ways. Creative teaching needs to become more prominent in STEM. This article presents a study that defines creative teaching in the STEM context and…

Tested Strategies for Recruiting and Retention of STEM Majors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davari, Sadegh; Perkins-Hall, Sharon; Abeysekera, Krishani

2017-01-01

There is a shortage of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) educated workforce in the US, especially among minority and underrepresented groups. Recruiting and retaining STEM majors has been a major problem for universities and community colleges for many years. The Computer Science department of University of Houston-Clear Lake…

Digital Resilience in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weller, Martin; Anderson, Terry

2013-01-01

Higher education institutions face a number of opportunities and challenges as the result of the digital revolution. The institutions perform a number of scholarship functions which can be affected by new technologies, and the desire is to retain these functions where appropriate, whilst the form they take may change. Much of the reaction to…

77 FR 64810 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-23

... effectively eliminate bacteria at a wound site. But in eliminating bacteria in the wound, such antibiotics... for topical antibiotics to remove infectious bacteria but also provide the immune stimulating signals.... Competitive Advantages: Eliminates wound site bacteria while retaining immune stimulating properties that...

36 CFR 801.7 - Information requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Information requirements. 801... HISTORIC PRESERVATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT ACTION GRANT PROGRAM § 801.7 Information requirements. (a) Information To Be Retained by Applicants Determining No Effect. (1) Recommended Documentation...

Comparison of Wear Resistance of Hawley and Vacuum Formed Retainers: An in-vitro Study.

PubMed

V, Moshkelgosha; M, Shomali; M, Momeni

2016-06-01

As a physical property, wear resistance of the materials used in the fabrication of orthodontic retainers play a significant role in the stability and long term use of the appliances. To evaluate the wear resistance of two commonly used materials for orthodontic retainers: Acropars OP, i.e. a polymethyl methacrylate based material, and 3A-GS060, i.e. a polyethylene based material. For each material, 30 orthodontic retainers were made according to the manufacturers' instructions and a 30×30×2 mm block was cut out from the mid- palatal area of each retainer. Each specimen underwent 1000 cycles of wear stimulation in a pin on disc machine. The depth of wear of each specimen was measured using a Nano Wizard II atomic force microscope in 3 random points of each specimen's wear trough. The average of these three measurements was calculated and considered as mean value wear depth of each specimen (µm). The mean wear depth was 6.10µm and 2.15µm for 3A-GS060 and Acropars OP groups respectively. Independent t-test showed a significant difference between the two groups ( p < 0.001). The results show Polymethyl methacrylate base (Acropars) is more wear resistance than the polyethylene based material (3A-GS060). As the higher wear resistance of the fabrication material can improve the retainers' survival time and its cost-effectiveness, VFRs should be avoided in situations that the appliance needs high wear resistance such as bite blocks opposing occlusal forces.

Methods for multi-material stereolithography

DOEpatents

Wicker, Ryan [El Paso, TX; Medina, Francisco [El Paso, TX; Elkins, Christopher [Redwood City, CA

2011-06-14

Methods and systems of stereolithography for building cost-efficient and time-saving multi-material, multi-functional and multi-colored prototypes, models and devices configured for intermediate washing and curing/drying is disclosed including: laser(s), liquid and/or platform level sensing system(s), controllable optical system(s), moveable platform(s), elevator platform(s), recoating system(s) and at least one polymer retaining receptacle. Multiple polymer retaining receptacles may be arranged in a moveable apparatus, wherein each receptacle is adapted to actively/passively maintain a uniform, desired level of polymer by including a recoating device and a material fill/remove system. The platform is movably accessible to the polymer retaining receptacle(s), elevator mechanism(s) and washing and curing/drying area(s) which may be housed in a shielded enclosure(s). The elevator mechanism is configured to vertically traverse and rotate the platform, thus providing angled building, washing and curing/drying capabilities. A horizontal traversing mechanism may be included to facilitate manufacturing between components of SL cabinet(s) and/or alternative manufacturing technologies.

Atomic Scale Understanding of Poly-Si/SiO2/c-Si Passivated Contacts: Passivation Degradation Due to Metallization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aguiar, Jeffery A.; Young, David; Lee, Benjamin

2016-11-21

The key attributes for achieving high efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells include class leading developments in the ability to approach the theoretical limits of silicon solar technology (29.4% efficiency). The push for high efficiency devices is further compounded with the clear need for passivation to reduce recombination at the metal contacts. At the same time there is stringent requirement to retain the same material device quality, surface passivation, and performance characteristics following subsequent processing. The development of passivated silicon cell structures that retain active front and rear surface passivation and overall material cell quality is therefore a relevant and activemore » area of development. To address the potential outcomes of metallization on passivated silicon stack, we report on some common microstructural features of degradation due to metallization for a series of silicon device stacks. A fundamental materials understanding of the metallization process on retaining high-efficiency passivated Si devices is therefore gained over these series of results.« less

Polyimide Composites Based on Asymmetric Dianhydrides (a-ODPA vs a-BPDA)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chuang, Kathy C.; Criss, James M.; Mintz, Eric A.

2009-01-01

RTM Resins based on a-ODPA and a-BPDA with kinked diamines exhibit low-melt viscosity (approximately 10 poise). Composites made from a-ODPA resins (T(sub g) = 265-330 C) by RTM display good mechanical properties at 288 C (550 F), but soften at 315 C (600 F). Composites of RTM370 based on a-BPDA retain excellent mechanical properties at 315 C, exceeding BMI-5270-1 capability.

Suomi-NPP Mission On-Orbit Experience with Toroid Ball Bearing Retainers Under Unidirectional and Reversing Motion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bruegman, Otto; Thakore, Kamal; Loewenthal, Stu; Cymerman, John

2016-01-01

The Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) instrument scan system on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) spacecraft has experienced several randomly occurring increased torque 'events' since its on-orbit activation in November 2011. Based on a review of on-orbit telemetry data and data gathered from scan mechanism bearing life testing on the ground, the conclusion was drawn that some degradation of Teflon toroid ball retainers was occurring in the instrument Scan Drive Mechanism. A life extension program was developed and executed on-orbit with very good results to date. The life extension program consisted of reversing the mechanism for a limited number of consecutive scans every day.

Efficient Removal of Retained Intracardiac Air Utilizing Buoyancy.

PubMed

Orihashi, Kazumasa

2016-12-01

Retained intracardiac air has been an important issue in cardiac surgery. Although echo visualization has allowed detection of air and guided deairing procedures, adequate air removal is not always attained. Actually it has been attempted in each surgeon's manner without solid standard or evidence. Basically buoyancy is responsible for air retention as well as difficult deairing. This paper is aimed to present the author's current measures of deairing, which turn this property of air into efficient removal, as test bed for discussion on this long-standing but pending issue. Copyright © 2016 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Spherical powder for retaining thermosetting acrylic resin veneers.

PubMed

Tanaka, T; Atsuta, M; Uchiyama, Y; Nakabayashi, N; Masuhara, E

1978-03-01

1. Nine different sizes of spherical powder were prepared, and their effectiveness as retentive devices was evaluated against those available commercially. 2. Smaller-diameter spherical powder (No. 5) gave the best results of all retaining devices tested. 3. The physical properties of the resins play an important role in the retentive strength with No. 5 retention beads. The retentive strength was reduced when brittle resin was used. 4. The retentive strength of the resin veneer was greatly affected by the angle of stress at the incisal resin. The retentive strength increased as the angle between the longitudinal axis of the specimen and the direction of stress decreased.

Skeletal muscle secretome in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a pivotal anti-inflammatory role of adiponectin.

PubMed

Lecompte, S; Abou-Samra, M; Boursereau, R; Noel, L; Brichard, S M

2017-07-01

Persistent inflammation exacerbates the progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The hormone, adiponectin (ApN), which is decreased in the metabolic syndrome, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties on skeletal muscle and alleviates the dystrophic phenotype of mdx mice. Here, we investigate whether ApN retains its anti-inflammatory action in myotubes obtained from DMD patients. We unravel the underlying mechanisms by studying the secretome and the early events of ApN. Primary cultures of myotubes from DMD and control patients were treated or not by ApN after an inflammatory challenge. Myokines secreted in medium were identified by cytokine antibody-arrays and ELISAs. The early events of ApN signaling were assessed by abrogating selected genes. ApN retained its anti-inflammatory properties in both dystrophic and control myotubes. Profiling of secretory products revealed that ApN downregulated the secretion of two pro-inflammatory factors (TNFα and IL-17A), one soluble receptor (sTNFRII), and one chemokine (CCL28) in DMD myotubes, while upregulating IL-6 that exerts some anti-inflammatory effects. These changes were explained by pretranslational mechanisms. Earlier events of the ApN cascade involved AdipoR1, the main receptor for muscle, and the AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α axis leading, besides alteration of the myokine profile, to the upregulation of utrophin A (a dystrophin analog). ApN retains its beneficial properties in dystrophic muscles by activating the AdipoR1-AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α pathway, thereby inducing a shift in the secretion of downstream myokines toward a less inflammatory profile while upregulating utrophin. ApN, the early events of the cascade and downstream myokines may be therapeutic targets for the management of DMD.

High-temperature short-time pasteurisation of human breastmilk is efficient in retaining protein and reducing the bacterial count.

PubMed

Klotz, Daniel; Joellenbeck, Mirjam; Winkler, Karl; Kunze, Mirjam; Huzly, Daniela; Hentschel, Roland

2017-05-01

Milk banks are advised to use Holder pasteurisation to inactivate the cytomegalovirus, but the process adversely affects the bioactive properties of human breastmilk. This study explored the antibacterial efficacy of an alternative high-temperature short-time (HTST) treatment of human breastmilk and its effect on marker proteins, compared with the Holder method. Breastmilk samples were obtained from 27 mothers with infants in a German neonatal intensive care unit. The samples were either heated to 62°C for five seconds using HTST or processed using Holder pasteurisation, at 63 ± 0.5°C for 30 minutes. Immunoglobulin A, lactoferrin, lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase and bile salt-stimulated lipase concentrations and bacterial colony-forming units/mL were measured before and after heating. HTST-treated samples retained higher rates of immunoglobulin A (95% versus 83%), alkaline phosphatase (6% versus 0%) and bile salt-stimulated lipase (0.8% versus 0.4%) than Holder pasteurisation samples (all p < 0.01), but not lactoferrin (32% versus 20%, p = 0.18) and lysozyme (72% versus 65%, p = 1). No difference in antibacterial efficacy was noted between the two groups (p = 0.29). Using the HTST treatment protocol retained some of the bioactive properties of human breastmilk and appeared to have similar antibacterial efficacy to Holder pasteurisation. ©2017 Foundation Acta Paediatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Cytocompatibility and Mechanical Properties of Short Phosphate Glass Fibre Reinforced Polylactic Acid (PLA) Composites: Effect of Coupling Agent Mediated Interface

PubMed Central

Hasan, Muhammad Sami; Ahmed, Ifty; Parsons, Andrew; Walker, Gavin; Scotchford, Colin

2012-01-01

In this study three chemical agents Amino-propyl-triethoxy-silane (APS), sorbitol ended PLA oligomer (SPLA) and Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) were identified to be used as coupling agents to react with the phosphate glass fibre (PGF) reinforcement and the polylactic acid (PLA) polymer matrix of the composite. Composites were prepared with short chopped strand fibres (l = 20 mm, ϕ = 20 µm) in a random arrangement within PLA matrix. Improved, initial composite flexural strength (~20 MPa) was observed for APS treated fibres, which was suggested to be due to enhanced bonding between the fibres and polymer matrix. Both APS and HDI treated fibres were suggested to be covalently linked with the PLA matrix. The hydrophobicity induced by these coupling agents (HDI, APS) helped to resist hydrolysis of the interface and thus retained their mechanical properties for an extended period of time as compared to non-treated control. Approximately 70% of initial strength and 65% of initial modulus was retained by HDI treated fibre composites in contrast to the control, where only ~50% of strength and modulus was retained after 28 days of immersion in PBS at 37 °C. All coupling agent treated and control composites demonstrated good cytocompatibility which was comparable to the tissue culture polystyrene (TCP) control, supporting the use of these materials as coupling agent’s within medical implant devices. PMID:24955744

Handspinning Enabled Highly Concentrated Carbon Nanotubes with Controlled Orientation in Nanofibers

PubMed Central

Lee, Hoik; Watanabe, Kei; Kim, Myungwoong; Gopiraman, Mayakrishnan; Song, Kyung-Hun; Lee, Jung Soon; Kim, Ick Soo

2016-01-01

The novel method, handspinning (HS), was invented by mimicking commonly observed methods in our daily lives. The use of HS allows us to fabricate carbon nanotube-reinforced nanofibers (CNT-reinforced nanofibers) by addressing three significant challenges: (i) the difficulty of forming nanofibers at high concentrations of CNTs, (ii) aggregation of the CNTs, and (iii) control of the orientation of the CNTs. The handspun nanofibers showed better physical properties than fibers fabricated by conventional methods, such as electrospinning. Handspun nanofibers retain a larger amount of CNTs than electrospun nanofibers, and the CNTs are easily aligned uniaxially. We attributed these improvements provided by the HS process to simple mechanical stretching force, which allows for orienting the nanofillers along with the force direction without agglomeration, leading to increased contact area between the CNTs and the polymer matrix, thereby providing enhanced interactions. HS is a simple and straightforward method as it does not require an electric field, and, hence, any kinds of polymers and solvents can be applicable. Furthermore, it is feasible to retain a large amount of various nanofillers in the fibers to enhance their physical and chemical properties. Therefore, HS provides an effective pathway to create new types of reinforced nanofibers with outstanding properties. PMID:27876892

In Situ Resource Utilization Technologies for Enhancing and Expanding Mars Scientific and Exploration Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sridhar, K. R.; Finn, J. E.

2000-01-01

The primary objectives of the Mars exploration program are to collect data for planetary science in a quest to answer questions related to Origins, to search for evidence of extinct and extant life, and to expand the human presence in the solar system. The public and political engagement that is critical for support of a Mars exploration program is based on all of these objectives. In order to retain and to build public and political support, it is important for NASA to have an integrated Mars exploration plan, not separate robotic and human plans that exist in parallel or in sequence. The resolutions stemming from the current architectural review and prioritization of payloads may be pivotal in determining whether NASA will have such a unified plan and retain public support. There are several potential scientific and technological links between the robotic-only missions that have been flown and planned to date, and the combined robotic and human missions that will come in the future. Taking advantage of and leveraging those links are central to the idea of a unified Mars exploration plan. One such link is in situ resource utilization (ISRU) as an enabling technology to provide consumables such as fuels, oxygen, sweep and utility gases from the Mars atmosphere.

Retained Austenite in SAE 52100 Steel Post Magnetic Processing and Heat Treatment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pappas, Nathaniel R; Watkins, Thomas R; Cavin, Odis Burl

2007-01-01

Steel is an iron-carbon alloy that contains up to 2% carbon by weight. Understanding which phases of iron and carbon form as a function of temperature and percent carbon is important in order to process/manufacture steel with desired properties. Austenite is the face center cubic (fcc) phase of iron that exists between 912 and 1394 C. When hot steel is rapidly quenched in a medium (typically oil or water), austenite transforms into martensite. The goal of the study is to determine the effect of applying a magnetic field on the amount of retained austenite present at room temperature after quenching.more » Samples of SAE 52100 steel were heat treated then subjected to a magnetic field of varying strength and time, while samples of SAE 1045 steel were heat treated then subjected to a magnetic field of varying strength for a fixed time while being tempered. X-ray diffraction was used to collect quantitative data corresponding to the amount of each phase present post processing. The percentage of retained austenite was then calculated using the American Society of Testing and Materials standard for determining the amount of retained austenite for randomly oriented samples and was plotted as a function of magnetic field intensity, magnetic field apply time, and magnetic field wait time after quenching to determine what relationships exist with the amount of retained austenite present. In the SAE 52100 steel samples, stronger field strengths resulted in lower percentages of retained austenite for fixed apply times. The results were inconclusive when applying a fixed magnetic field strength for varying amounts of time. When applying a magnetic field after waiting a specific amount of time after quenching, the analyses indicate that shorter wait times result in less retained austenite. The SAE 1045 results were inconclusive. The samples showed no retained austenite regardless of magnetic field strength, indicating that tempering removed the retained austenite. It is apparent that applying a magnetic field after quenching will result in a lower amount of retained austenite but that the exact relationship, linear or other, is inconclusive. This project is a part of a larger, ongoing project investigating the application of a magnetic field during heat treatment and its influence on the iron-carbon phase-equilibria.« less

Youth, Technology and HIV: Recent Advances and Future Directions

PubMed Central

Hightow-Weidman, Lisa B.; Muessig, Kathryn E.; Bauermeister, Jose; Zhang, Chen; LeGrand, Sara

2015-01-01

Technology, including mobile technologies and social media, offers powerful tools to reach, engage, and retain youth and young adults in HIV prevention and care interventions both in the United States and globally. In this report we focus on HIV, technology, and youth, presenting a synthesis of recently published (Jan 2014-May 2015) observational and experimental studies relevant for understanding and intervening on HIV risk, prevention and care. We present findings from a selection of the 66 relevant citations identified, highlighting studies that demonstrate a novel approach to technology interventions among youth in regard to content, delivery, target population or public health impact. We discuss current trends globally and in the US in how youth are using technology, as well as emergent research issues in this field – including the need for new theories for developing technology-based HIV interventions and new metrics of engagement, exposure, and evaluation. PMID:26385582

Human Exploration and Avionic Technology Challenges

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Benjamin, Andrew L.

2005-01-01

For this workshop, I will identify critical avionic gaps, enabling technologies, high-pay off investment opportunities, promising capabilities, and space applications for human lunar and Mars exploration. Key technology disciplines encompass fault tolerance, miniaturized instrumentation sensors, MEMS-based guidance, navigation, and controls, surface communication networks, and rendezvous and docking. Furthermore, I will share bottom-up strategic planning relevant to manned mission -driven needs. Blending research expertise, facilities, and personnel with internal NASA is vital to stimulating collaborative technology solutions that achieve NASA grand vision. Retaining JSC expertise in unique and critical areas is paramount to our long-term success. Civil servants will maintain key roles in setting technology agenda, ensuring quality results, and integrating technologies into avionic systems and manned missions. Finally, I will present to NASA, academia, and the aerospace community some on -going and future advanced avionic technology programs and activities that are relevant to our mission goals and objectives.

Can you shrinkwrap a cow? Protections available for the intellectual property of the animal breeding industry.

PubMed

Ogden, E R; Weigel, K

2007-12-01

There are currently four main intellectual property protection statutory schemes available: copyright, trade secret, trademark and patent. Each of these protects a different aspect of intellectual property, which leaves gaps of protection when an innovation does not fit squarely within the boundaries of the statutes. Contracts allow the industry to tailor the protection desired. One very common approach is to license the product via contract. Licences allow intellectual property owners to retain ownership and give permission to others to use the product. Although there are several types of licences, the most common is the field of use licence, which limits the licensee's use of the product. This often leads to price discrimination where various levels of restriction are offered at corresponding prices. The more rights retained by the owner, the more restricted the buyer is and the lower the purchase price allowing customers to choose the level of restriction they are willing to accept. Therefore, the different uses and needs of various customers can be accounted for and reflected in the price. The animal breeding industry is currently struggling to protect their innovations falling into these statutory gaps. The protection for animal breeding industry innovations is most likely through contract law rather than traditional intellectual property law. By taking advantage of the unique nature of contracts, industry will be able to tailor protection and pricing to best suit the variety of customers and uses for the products sold.

36 CFR 703.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... retained, or appropriate for retention, by the Library as evidence of the organization, functions, policies... 703.4 Parks, Forests, and Public Property LIBRARY OF CONGRESS DISCLOSURE OR PRODUCTION OF RECORDS OR INFORMATION Availability of Library of Congress Records § 703.4 Definitions. (a) Records includes all books...

New hyperthermal thermosetting heterocyclic polymers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bilow, N.; Landis, A. L.; Miller, L. J.

1970-01-01

Polyimidazopyrrolone polymers, formed by the condensation of aromatic dianhydrides with aromatic tetraamines in various solvents, form moldings that resist degradation in air and retain great strength at 400 to 700 degrees F. The resins have good insulating properties, are easy to mold, and make good protective coatings.

41 CFR 105-54.203-2 - Active charters file.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Active charters file... Regulations System (Continued) GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION Regional Offices-General Services... charters file. The GSA Committee Management Officer retains each original signed charter in a file of...

22 CFR 518.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT...-sponsored project or program, the recipient shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored... use supplies acquired with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for...

7 CFR 550.40 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY FOR NON-ASSISTANCE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS...-sponsored project or program, the Cooperator shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored... not use supplies acquired with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations...

22 CFR 518.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT...-sponsored project or program, the recipient shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored... use supplies acquired with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for...

22 CFR 518.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT...-sponsored project or program, the recipient shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored... use supplies acquired with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for...

7 CFR 550.40 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY FOR NON-ASSISTANCE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS...-sponsored project or program, the Cooperator shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored... not use supplies acquired with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations...

22 CFR 518.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT...-sponsored project or program, the recipient shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored... use supplies acquired with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for...

22 CFR 518.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT...-sponsored project or program, the recipient shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored... use supplies acquired with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for...

7 CFR 550.40 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY FOR NON-ASSISTANCE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS...-sponsored project or program, the Cooperator shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored... not use supplies acquired with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations...

Formation Kinetics of Aqueous Suspensions of Fullerenes:Meeting in New Orleans.

EPA Science Inventory

Stable colloidal suspension of C60 is commonly achieved through various solvent exchange techniques. Nevertheless, the additives such as tetrahydrofuran may be retained in the C60 aggregates, which may influence the surface properties of the suspension. In this study, colloidal...

Mechanical properties of high-Si plate steel produced by the quenching and partitioning process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hong, Seung Chan; Ahn, Jae Cheon; Nam, Sang Yong; Kim, Seog Ju; Yang, Hee Choon; Speer, John G.; Matlock, David K.

2007-12-01

The microstructures and mechanical properties of a high-Si (1.5 wt.%) steel produced by a novel process of quenching and partitioning (Q & P) were compared with those obtained using traditional heat treatments (i.e. austempering, intercritical annealing for dual phase, quench and tempering). Plate steel was included for exploration of the Q & P process in applications requiring strength and toughness (such as an API line pipe), where retained austenite may contribute to the overall toughness via the TRIP phenomenon at a crack top. The Q & P process is based on the partial transformation of austenite to martensite, followed by partitioning of carbon from martensite into austenite, which leads to an untypical microstructure. Retained austenite amounts up to 6 vol.% with a carbon content of up to 0.88 wt.% were achieved in 0.1% carbon steel using Q & P. Superior impact toughness at higher yield strength levels was found after Q & P compared to other traditional heat treatments with equivalent partitioning, austempering or tempering conditions.

Oxidation effects on the mechanical properties of SiC fiber-reinforced reaction-bonded silicon nitride matrix composites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bhatt, Ramakrishna T.

1989-01-01

The room temperature mechanical properties of SiC fiber reinforced reaction bonded silicon nitride composites were measured after 100 hrs exposure at temperatures to 1400 C in nitrogen and oxygen environments. The composites consisted of approx. 30 vol percent uniaxially aligned 142 micron diameter SiC fibers in a reaction bonded Si3N4 matrix. The results indicate that composites heat treated in a nitrogen environment at temperatures to 1400 C showed deformation and fracture behavior equivalent to that of the as-fabricated composites. Also, the composites heat treated in an oxidizing environment beyond 400 C yielded significantly lower tensile strength values. Specifically in the temperature range from 600 to 1000 C, composites retained approx. 40 percent of their as-fabricated strength, and those heat treated in the temperatures from 1200 to 1400 C retained 70 percent. Nonetheless, for all oxygen heat treatment conditions, composite specimens displayed strain capability beyond the matrix fracture stress; a typical behavior of a tough composite.

Large Mass, Entry, Descent and Landing Sensitivity Results for Environmental, Performance, and Design Parameters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shidner, Jeremy D.; Davis, Jody L.; Cianciolo, Alicia D.; Samareh, Jamshid A.; Powell, RIchard W.

2010-01-01

Landing on Mars has been a challenging task. Past NASA missions have shown resilience to increases in spacecraft mass by scaling back requirements such as landing site altitude, landing site location and arrival time. Knowledge of the partials relating requirements to mass is critical for mission designers to understand so that the project can retain margin throughout the process. Looking forward to new missions that will land 1.5 metric tons or greater, the current level of technology is insufficient, and new technologies will need to be developed. Understanding the sensitivity of these new technologies to requirements is the purpose of this paper.

Evaluating the Impact of Radio Frequency Identification Retained Surgical Instruments Tracking on Patient Safety: Literature Review.

PubMed

Schnock, Kumiko O; Biggs, Bonnie; Fladger, Anne; Bates, David W; Rozenblum, Ronen

2017-02-22

Retained surgical instruments (RSI) are one of the most serious preventable complications in operating room settings, potentially leading to profound adverse effects for patients, as well as costly legal and financial consequences for hospitals. Safety measures to eliminate RSIs have been widely adopted in the United States and abroad, but despite widespread efforts, medical errors with RSI have not been eliminated. Through a systematic review of recent studies, we aimed to identify the impact of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology on reducing RSI errors and improving patient safety. A literature search on the effects of RFID technology on RSI error reduction was conducted in PubMed and CINAHL (2000-2016). Relevant articles were selected and reviewed by 4 researchers. After the literature search, 385 articles were identified and the full texts of the 88 articles were assessed for eligibility. Of these, 5 articles were included to evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of using RFID for preventing RSI-related errors. The use of RFID resulted in rapid detection of RSI through body tissue with high accuracy rates, reducing risk of counting errors and improving workflow. Based on the existing literature, RFID technology seems to have the potential to substantially improve patient safety by reducing RSI errors, although the body of evidence is currently limited. Better designed research studies are needed to get a clear understanding of this domain and to find new opportunities to use this technology and improve patient safety.

Non-Magnetic, Tough, Corrosion- and Wear-Resistant Knives From Bulk Metallic Glasses and Composites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hoffman, Douglas C.; Potter, Benjamin

2013-01-01

Quality knives are typically fabricated from high-strength steel alloys. Depending on the application, there are different requirements for mechanical and physical properties that cause problems for steel alloys. For example, diver's knives are generally used in salt water, which causes rust in steel knives. Titanium diver's knives are a popular alternative due to their salt water corrosion resistance, but are too soft to maintain a sharp cutting edge. Steel knives are also magnetic, which is undesirable for military applications where the knives are used as a tactical tool for diffusing magnetic mines. Steel is also significantly denser than titanium (8 g/cu cm vs. 4.5 g/cu cm), which results in heavier knives for the same size. Steel is hard and wear-resistant, compared with titanium, and can keep a sharp edge during service. A major drawback of both steel and titanium knives is that they must be ground or machined into the final knife shape from a billet. Since most knives have a mirrored surface and a complex shape, manufacturing them is complex. It would be more desirable if the knife could be cast into a net or near-net shape in a single step. The solution to the deficiencies of titanium, steel, and ceramic knives is to fabricate them using bulk metallic glasses (or composites). These alloys can be cast into net or near-net shaped knives with a combination of properties that exceed both titanium and steel. A commercially viable BMG (bulk metallic glass) or composite knife is one that exhibits one or all of the following properties: It is based on titanium, has a self-sharpening edge, can retain an edge during service, is hard, is non-magnetic, is corrosion-resistant against a variety of corrosive environments, is tough (to allow for prying), can be cast into a net-shape with a mirror finish and a complex shape, has excellent wear resistance, and is low-density. These properties can be achieved in BMG and composites through alloy chemistry and processing. For each desired property for knife fabrication and performance, there is an alloy development strategy that optimizes behavior. Although BMG knives have been demonstrated as far back as 1995, they never found commercial success because they had to be ground (which presented problems because the alloys contained beryllium), they weren't low cost (because they weren't cast to a net-shape), they were brittle (because they were made with a low-quality commercial material), and they had extremely poor corrosion resistance (because corrosion was not well-understood in these materials). Ultimately, these shortcomings prevented the widespread commercialization. In the current work, the inventors have applied more than a decade of research on BMGs from Caltech and JPL to develop a better understanding of how to make BMG knives that exhibit an optimal combination of properties, processing and cost. Alloys have been developed based in titanium (and other metals), that exhibit high toughness, high hardness, excellent corrosion resistance, no ferromagnetism, edge-retaining selfsharpening, and the ability to be cast like a plastic using commercially available casting techniques (currently used by commercial companies such as Liquidmetal Technologies and Visser Precision Casting). The inventors argue that depending on the application (diving, military, tactical, utility, etc.) there is an optimal combination of design and alloy composition. Moreover, with new casting technologies not available at the inception of these materials, net-shaped knives can be cast into complex shapes that require no aftermarket forming, except for sharpening using water-cooled polishing wheel. These combinations of discoveries seek to make low-cost BMG knives commercially viable products that have no equal among metal or ceramic knives. Current work at JPL focuses on net-shape casting of these alloys and testing their mechanical properties versus commercially available knives to demonstrate their benefits.

Development of Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT) and Electrodeposition Process for Generating Nanostructured Materials and Study of Their Tensile Properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chan, Hoi Lam

This work systematically investigates two of the most promising synthesis methods for producing nanostructured (NS) materials: surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) and the electrodeposition (ED) process, and obtains the proper conditions for fabricating NS materials in bulk form and studies the properties of these materials. SMAT is one of the recently developed processes to form nano-crystallized surface layer and refine grains in the subsurface layers, by actuating a number of spherical projectiles to impact the sample surface. In this work, the detailed measurement of ball impinging velocity is presented, and the resulted strain-rate and strains are theoretically modeled. Consequently the relation between plastic strain history and the observed microstructures is established. The SMAT process with different numbers of balls is explored to manifest that an optimum number of balls exists for the highest efficiency. ED process is widely used in producing NS materials these days. In this work, the relationships among non-metallic substrates, current type, current densities, microstructure and crystallographic textures, and mechanical properties is presented in order to demonstrate the influences of the deposition parameters in obtaining nano-grains and nano-twins microstructures. This work also examines the availability of obtaining bulk NS materials with desirable ductility in production-scale conditions through understanding these relationships. In the last part of the study, the effect of SMAT on the electrodeposits is studied. Tensile properties, microstructures and textures of the SMATed electrodeposits have been examined. The results demonstrate that the NS matrix obtained by the ED process with sufficient thickness retains desirable ductility after employing SMAT technology, and the SMAT process further enhances the strength of the electrodeposits.

Interactive Virtual Suturing Simulations: Enhancement of Student Learning in Veterinary Medicine

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Staton, Amy J.; Boyd, Christine B.

2013-01-01

This capstone addresses an instructional gap in the Morehead State University Veterinary Technology Program and in other similar programs around the globe. Students do not retain the knowledge needed to proficiently complete suture patterns nor do students receive sufficient instructional time during the year to master each suture pattern that is…

Doctoral Student Attrition in the STEM Fields: An Exploratory Event History Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lott, Joe L., II; Gardner, Susan; Powers, Daniel A.

2010-01-01

The STEM fields, otherwise known as the Sciences, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics areas, have become the focus of multiple studies and funding initiatives in recent years. Despite these efforts, lingering concerns exist about who enters, who is retained, and who completes the doctorate in STEM fields. This study utilizes discrete-time…

Teaching Accounting through Innovative Technological Means Challenges the Gifted and Retains the Capable Student.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sitton, Vivian; Haney, Frances

In fall 1979, the Business Department at Isothermal Community College established an Individualized Instruction Center (IIC) to enhance student success through the use of individualized, audiovisual, and tutorial methods. The IIC's staff, which consists of four full-time instructors, four paraprofessionals, three part-time clerical/technical…

Familiar Technology Promotes Academic Success for Students with Exceptional Learning Needs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, Carolyn H.; Brice, Costeena; Carter, Emanuel I.; Fleming, Jeffery C.; Hay, Dontia D.; Hicks, John D.; Picot, Ebony; Taylor, Aashja M.; Weaver, Jessica

2011-01-01

Children with exceptional learning needs find it very difficult to retain content information from the regular curriculum. Many content teachers also find it difficult to adapt curriculum to the learning needs of these exception children within the confines of the classroom and without any assistance. Although many schools are equipped with…

Retaining Teacher Talent: The View from Generation Y

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coggshall, Jane G.; Ott, Amber; Behrstock, Ellen; Lasagna, Molly

2010-01-01

Members of Generation Y (those born between 1977 and 1995) have been characterized as creative, innovative, self-confident, highly educated, and educationally minded. They like to share what they've learned in small groups and are dissatisfied with workplaces that are technologically inferior. They have a strong moral drive to make a difference in…

TLE TeachLive™: Using Technology to Provide Quality Professional Development in Rural Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dieker, Lisa A.; Hynes, Michael C.; Hughes, Charles E.; Hardin, Stacey; Becht, Kathleen

2015-01-01

Rural schools face challenges in training and retaining qualified teachers, especially special education personnel. This article describes how an interdisciplinary team at the University of Central Florida developed TLE TeachLivE™, a virtual reality application designed to serve as a classroom simulation to support teachers and administrators to…

Experiences of Judeo-Christian Students in Undergraduate Biology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barnes, M. Elizabeth; Truong, Jasmine M.; Brownell, Sara E.

2017-01-01

A major research thrust in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education is focused on how to retain students as STEM majors. The accumulation of seemingly insignificant negative experiences in STEM classes can, over time, lead STEM students to have a low sense of belonging in their disciplines, and this can lead to lower…

Motivating Young Native American Students to Pursue STEM Learning through a Culturally Relevant Science Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stevens, Sally; Andrade, Rosi; Page, Melissa

2016-01-01

Data indicate that females and ethnic/race minority groups are underrepresented in the science and engineering workforce calling for innovative strategies to engage and retain them in science education and careers. This study reports on the development, delivery, and outcomes of a culturally driven science, technology, engineering, mathematics…

A Study into the Effects of eLearning on Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Singh, Gurmak; O'Donoghue, John; Worton, Harvey

2005-01-01

The Internet is a technological development that has the potential to change not only the way society retains and accesses knowledge but also to transform and restructure traditional models of higher education, particularly the delivery and interaction in and with course materials and associated resources. Utilising the Internet to deliver…

Planning and Implementing a Comprehensive Student-Centered Research Program for First-Year STEM Undergraduates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schneider, Kimberly R.; Bickel, Amelia; Morrison-Shetlar, Alison

2015-01-01

Retaining college-level science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) students remains a priority in higher education. A variety of methods have been shown to increase retention, including mentorship, tutoring, course enhancements, community building, and engagement in high-impact practices such as undergraduate research. In 2011, an…

Gender Differences in Career Satisfaction among Postsecondary Faculty in Stem Disciplines

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Cynthia L.

2011-01-01

While years of effort to attract more women into higher education careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (collectively known as STEM disciplines) has shown some success, retaining women faculty once they are hired has been much less successful. Their retention is essential in order to maintain diversity among faculty.…

Listening to Country Voices: Preparing, Attracting and Retaining Teachers for Rural and Remote Areas.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yarrow, Allan; Herschell, Paul; Millwater, Jan

1999-01-01

Examines the need for better preparation of teachers to live and work in rural Australia. Uses responses from a rural Queensland community meeting to discuss preparation needs related to multiage classrooms, cultural differences, and school-community involvement. Describes a new internship/mentor program at Queensland University of Technology that…

Retaining Intellectual Capital in U.S. Organizations: An Exploratory Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Bobby

2017-01-01

Intellectual capital (IC) is a vital to the functionality of information technology (IT) businesses. Many companies recognize that enhancing and maintaining IC is critical to sustainability. The problem is that Fortune 500 IT businesses lack human resources in the United States needed for innovative development, resulting in an overreliance on…

40 CFR 270.235 - Options for incinerators, cement kilns, lightweight aggregate kilns, solid fuel boilers, liquid...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Technology (MACT) Standards § 270.235 Options for incinerators, cement kilns, lightweight aggregate kilns... malfunction plan, design, and operating history. (2) Retain or add these permit requirements to the permit to... information including the source's startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, design, and operating history; and...

More than an Intervention: Strategies for Increasing Diversity and Inclusion in STEM

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Sosanya

2016-01-01

Purpose: This paper aims to provide insight into the strategies used by leaders of graduate school preparation programs for science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) to recruit and retain graduate students of color within STEM fields. Design/methodology/approach: This paper is a qualitative multiple-case study using a snowball sample…

Mapping the Sloan Digital Sky Survey's Global Impact

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Chaomei; Zhang, Jian; Vogeley, Michael S.

2009-07-01

The scientific capacity of a country is essential in todayâ's increasingly globalized science and technology ecosystem. Scientific capacity has four increasingly advanced levels of capabilities: absorbing, applying, creating, and retaining scientific knowledge. Moving to a advanced level requires additional skills and training. For example, it requires more specialized skills to apply scientific knowledge than to absorb knowledge. Similarly, making new discoveries requires more knowledge than applying existing procedures. Research has shown the importance of addressing specific, local problems while tapping into globally available expertise and resources. Accessing scientific knowledge is the first step towards absorbing knowledge. Low-income countries have increased their access to scientific literature on the Internet, but to what extent has this access led to more advanced levels of scientific capacity? Interdisciplinary and international collaboration may hold the key to creating and retaining knowledge. For example, creative ideas tend to be associated with inspirations originated from a diverse range of perspectives On the other hand, not all collaborations are productive. Assessing global science and technology needs to address both successes and failures and reasons behind them.

Study on the new technology of removing gangue and retaining roadway in complicated roof condition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Yanhao; Jiang, Cong

2018-04-01

This article in view of the complex roof conditions was carried on study about the new technology of removing gangue and retaining roadway, and tells a method of progressive reinforced concrete wall segment with gangue to keep the roadway, the roadway beside the support system is mainly composed of the lining, waste rock wall and the outer wall, the wall and the outer wall of concrete material width to build the strength of the progressive type filling body, waste rock wall with woven bag with waste rock assembled, paragraphs geological survey on the actual distance should be based on working face. This method relies on the interior of the gangue wall to make the pressure control and allow the roof to sink. In this paper, the finite deformation control of the roof is realized by the gangue wall and the high strength filling body. This method has the characteristics of low entry cost, good forming of roadway, high security and good stability, and can be applied to complex geological conditions such as hard roof.

Effect of the PiAstra Benchtop Flash-Heating Pasteurizer on Immune Factors of Donor Human Milk.

PubMed

Daniels, Brodie; Reimers, Penny; King, Tracy; Schmidt, Stefan; Coutsoudis, Anna

2018-05-01

PiAstra is a simulated flash-heat (FH) pasteurization temperature monitoring system designed using Raspberry Pi technology for the pasteurization of human milk. This study analyzed the effect of the PiAstra FH method on human milk immune components (immunoglobulin A [IgA] and lactoferrin activity). Donor milk samples (N = 45) were obtained from a human milk bank, and pasteurized. Concentrations of IgA and lactoferrin activity were compared to their unpasteurized controls using the Student's t test. The PiAstra FH method retained 34.2% of IgA (p < 0.0001) and 40.4% of lactoferrin activity (p < 0.0001) when compared to unpasteurized controls. The retention of IgA by the PiAstra is similar to previous FH studies, while retention of lactoferrin activity was higher than previous FH studies. The high-technology, low-cost PiAstra system, which is able to retain vital immune components of human milk, provides safe donor milk for low-resourced settings. This enables the use of pasteurized donor milk when human milk is not available, potentially saving vulnerable infant lives.

24 CFR 290.30 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... HUD-OWNED PROPERTIES DISPOSITION OF MULTIFAMILY PROJECTS AND SALE OF HUD-HELD MULTIFAMILY MORTGAGES Sale of HUD-Held Multifamily Mortgages § 290.30 General. (a) Except as otherwise provided in § 290.31(a)(2), HUD will sell HUD-held multifamily mortgages on a competitive basis. HUD retains full discretion...

24 CFR 290.30 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... HUD-OWNED PROPERTIES DISPOSITION OF MULTIFAMILY PROJECTS AND SALE OF HUD-HELD MULTIFAMILY MORTGAGES Sale of HUD-Held Multifamily Mortgages § 290.30 General. (a) Except as otherwise provided in § 290.31(a)(2), HUD will sell HUD-held multifamily mortgages on a competitive basis. HUD retains full discretion...

24 CFR 290.30 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... HUD-OWNED PROPERTIES DISPOSITION OF MULTIFAMILY PROJECTS AND SALE OF HUD-HELD MULTIFAMILY MORTGAGES Sale of HUD-Held Multifamily Mortgages § 290.30 General. (a) Except as otherwise provided in § 290.31(a)(2), HUD will sell HUD-held multifamily mortgages on a competitive basis. HUD retains full discretion...

24 CFR 290.30 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... HUD-OWNED PROPERTIES DISPOSITION OF MULTIFAMILY PROJECTS AND SALE OF HUD-HELD MULTIFAMILY MORTGAGES Sale of HUD-Held Multifamily Mortgages § 290.30 General. (a) Except as otherwise provided in § 290.31(a)(2), HUD will sell HUD-held multifamily mortgages on a competitive basis. HUD retains full discretion...

OPTIMIZING POTENTIAL GREEN REPLACEMENT CHEMICALS – BALANCING FUNCTION AND RISK

EPA Science Inventory

An important focus of green chemistry is the design of new chemicals that are inherently less toxic than the ones they might replace, but still retain required functional properties. A variety of methods exist to measure or model both functional and toxicity surrogates that could...

36 CFR 1226.18 - When may agencies temporarily extend retention periods?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... extend retention periods? 1226.18 Section 1226.18 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES... temporarily extend retention periods? (a) Agencies may temporarily retain records approved for destruction... or not to temporarily extend the retention period of records, agencies must ensure that the extension...

36 CFR 1226.18 - When may agencies temporarily extend retention periods?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... extend retention periods? 1226.18 Section 1226.18 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES... temporarily extend retention periods? (a) Agencies may temporarily retain records approved for destruction... or not to temporarily extend the retention period of records, agencies must ensure that the extension...

36 CFR 1226.18 - When may agencies temporarily extend retention periods?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... extend retention periods? 1226.18 Section 1226.18 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES... temporarily extend retention periods? (a) Agencies may temporarily retain records approved for destruction... or not to temporarily extend the retention period of records, agencies must ensure that the extension...

36 CFR 1226.18 - When may agencies temporarily extend retention periods?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... extend retention periods? 1226.18 Section 1226.18 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES... temporarily extend retention periods? (a) Agencies may temporarily retain records approved for destruction... or not to temporarily extend the retention period of records, agencies must ensure that the extension...

45 CFR 611.4 - Assurances required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... purpose involving the provision of similar services and benefits, or for as long as the recipient retains... contain a covenant running with the land assuring nondiscrimination for the period during which the real... purpose involving the provision of similar services or benefits. Where no transfer of property or interest...

A Substrate Integrated Waveguide Sensor for Measurement of Dielectric Properties of Biomass Materials

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Substrate integrated waveguide- based sensors balance the performance and well known design techniques of classical waveguides with the cheaper and more adaptable aspects of planar circuits. Propagation characteristics are similar to waveguides with the design retaining many positive aspects of wave...

29 CFR 95.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS, AND WITH COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS, FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS... shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored activities or sell them, but shall, in either... to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for a fee that is less than private...

10 CFR 600.135 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...-sponsored project or program, the recipient shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored... use supplies acquired with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for a fee that is less than private companies charge for equivalent services, unless specifically...

29 CFR 95.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS, AND WITH COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS, FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS... shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored activities or sell them, but shall, in either... to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for a fee that is less than private...

15 CFR 14.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, OTHER NON... other federally-sponsored project or program, the recipient shall retain the supplies for use on non...) The recipient shall not use supplies acquired with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal...

49 CFR 19.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... FOR GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT...-sponsored project or program, the recipient shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored... use supplies acquired with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for...

49 CFR 19.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... FOR GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT...-sponsored project or program, the recipient shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored... use supplies acquired with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for...

29 CFR 95.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS, AND WITH COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS, FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS... shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored activities or sell them, but shall, in either... to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for a fee that is less than private...

15 CFR 14.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, OTHER NON... other federally-sponsored project or program, the recipient shall retain the supplies for use on non...) The recipient shall not use supplies acquired with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal...

10 CFR 600.135 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...-sponsored project or program, the recipient shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored... use supplies acquired with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for a fee that is less than private companies charge for equivalent services, unless specifically...

29 CFR 95.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS, AND WITH COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS, FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS... shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored activities or sell them, but shall, in either... to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for a fee that is less than private...

2 CFR 215.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT...-sponsored project or program, the recipient shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored... use supplies acquired with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for...

29 CFR 95.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS, AND WITH COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS, FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS... shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored activities or sell them, but shall, in either... to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for a fee that is less than private...

Unterdruck-Verdampfer-Brunnen (UVB): An in situ system for remediation of contaminated aquifers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Simon, M.A.; Argus, R.R.; Hough, B.L.

Traditionally, contaminated groundwater is pumped to a surface facility for treatment, often by air stripping. An innovative technology, the Unterdruck-Verdampfer-Brunnen (UVB), German for Vacuum Vaporizing Well, is an in situ groundwater remediation technology that combines air-lift pumping and air stripping to clean aquifers contaminated with volatile compounds. Additionally, the developer claims that in some cases the technology is capable of simultaneous recovery of soil gas from the vadose zone. An evaluation of this process is discussed in this abstract. The UVB technology is a process patented by IEG mbH in Reutlingen, Germany. IEG Technologies, Inc., located in Charlotte, NC, marketsmore » the technology in North America. IEG teamed with Roy F. Weston, Inc. to demonstrate the UVB technology at March Air Force Base (AFB), CA. March AFB allowed the US EPA Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program to evaluate the technology. The SITE program retained PRC Environmental, Inc. to evaluate the performance of the UVB system at March.« less

Use of indigenous technology for the production of high quality cassava flour with similar food qualities as wheat flour.

PubMed

Eleazu, Ogbonnaya Chinedum; Eleazu, Kate Chinedum; Kolawole, Segun

2014-01-01

The aim of the paper was to compare the food qualities of 2 varieties (SME 1 and 2) of high quality cassava flour (HQCF) produced from indigenous technology and that of some commercially sold wheat/HQCF samples. The pH, proximate, phytochemical, antioxidant, functional properties and starch yield of the flours were carried out using standard techniques. The wheat flours had higher bulk densities and lipids than the HQCF samples while the oil absorption capacity of the HQCF (SME 2) was higher than other fl our samples investigated. The antioxidant assays of the flours showed that they contained considerable levels of antioxidants with the HQCF sample from DAT having higher antioxidants than other flour samples studied. The HQCF (SME 1) had significantly higher (P < 0.05) starch content among the flour samples. The bacteria counts of the HQCF samples ranged from 0 to 1.4 × 10(4) cfu/ml while the fungal count ranged from 0 to 2 × 10(-3) with the unbranded wheat fl our having the highest microbial load compared with other flour samples studied. The use of this indigenous technology produces HQCF with lower lipids, microbial contamination but higher flavour retaining ability, flavonoids and starch contents than wheat flour. The significant positive correlation (R2 = 0.872) between reducing power of the samples and their DPPH antioxidant activity indicate that either could be used to assay for the total antioxidant activity of cassava and wheat flour. The study underscores the need to buy flour from branded companies to reduce the risks of microbial contamination.

Ultra-fast transient plasmonics using transparent conductive oxides

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferrera, Marcello; Carnemolla, Enrico G.

2018-02-01

During the last decade, plasmonic- and metamaterial-based applications have revolutionized the field of integrated photonics by allowing for deep subwavelength confinement and full control over the effective permittivity and permeability of the optical environment. However, despite the numerous remarkable proofs of principle that have been experimentally demonstrated, few key issues remain preventing a widespread of nanophotonic technologies. Among these fundamental limitations, we remind the large ohmic losses, incompatibility with semiconductor industry standards, and largely reduced dynamic tunability of the optical properties. In this article, in the larger context of the new emerging field of all-dielectric nanophotonics, we present our recent progresses towards the study of large optical nonlinearities in transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) also giving a general overview of the most relevant and recent experimental attainments using TCO-based technology. However, it is important to underline that the present article does not represent a review paper but rather an original work with a broad introduction. Our work lays in a sort of ‘hybrid’ zone in the middle between high index contrast systems, whose behaviour is well described by applying Mie scattering theory, and standard plasmonic elements where optical modes originate from the electromagnetic coupling with the electronic plasma at the metal-to-dielectric interface. Beside remaining in the context of plasmonic technologies and retaining all the fundamental peculiarities that promoted the success of plasmonics in the first place, our strategy has the additional advantage to allow for large and ultra-fast tunability of the effective complex refractive index by accessing the index-near-zero regime in bulk materials at telecom wavelength.

Strength and flexibility properties of advanced ceramic fabrics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sawko, P. M.; Tran, H. K.

1985-01-01

The mechanical properties of four advanced ceramic fabrics were measured at a temperature range of 23C to 1200C. The fabrics evaluated were silica, high and low-boria content aluminoborosilicate, and silicon carbide. Properties studied included fabric break strengths from room temperature to 1200C, and bending durability after temperature conditioning at 1200C and 1400C. The interaction of the fabric and ceramic insulation was also studied for shrinkage, appearance, bend resistance, and fabric-to-insulation bonding. Based on these tests, the low-boria content aluminoborosilicate fabric retained more strength and fabric durability than the other fabrics studied at high temperature.

Strength and flexibility properties of advanced ceramic fabrics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sawko, P. M.; Tran, H. K.

1985-01-01

The mechanical properties of four advanced ceramic fabrics are measured at a temperature range of 23 C to 1200 C. The fabrics evaluated are silica, high-and low-boria content aluminoborosilicate, and silicon carbide. Properties studied include fabric break strengths from room temperature to 1200 C, and bending durability after temperature conditioning at 1200 C and 1400 C. The interaction of the fabric and ceramic insulation is also studied for shrinkage, appearance, bend resistance, and fabric-to-insulation bonding. Based on these tests, the low-boria content aluminoborosilicate fabric retains more strength and fabric durability than the other fabrics studied at high temperature.

Properties of Galvanized and Galvannealed Advanced High Strength Hot Rolled Steels

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

V.Y. Guertsman; E. Essadiqi; S. Dionne

2008-04-01

The objectives of the project were (i) to develop the coating process information to achieve good quality coatings on 3 advanced high strength hot rolled steels while retaining target mechanical properties, (ii) to obtain precise knowledge of the behavior of these steels in the various forming operations and (iii) to establish accurate user property data in the coated conditions. Three steel substrates (HSLA, DP, TRIP) with compositions providing yield strengths in the range of 400-620 MPa were selected. Only HSLA steel was found to be suitable for galnaizing and galvannealing in the hot rolled condition.

Retained austenite thermal stability in a nanostructured bainitic steel

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Avishan, Behzad, E-mail: b_avishan@sut.ac.ir; Garcia-Mateo, Carlos, E-mail: cgm@cenim.csic.es; Yazdani, Sasan, E-mail: yazdani@sut.ac.ir

2013-07-15

The unique microstructure of nanostructured bainite consists of very slender bainitic ferrite plates and high carbon retained austenite films. As a consequence, the reported properties are opening a wide range of different commercial uses. However, bainitic transformation follows the T{sub 0} criteria, i.e. the incomplete reaction phenomena, which means that the microstructure is not thermodynamically stable because the bainitic transformation stops well before austenite reaches an equilibrium carbon level. This article aims to study the different microstructural changes taking place when nanostructured bainite is destabilized by austempering for times well in excess of that strictly necessary to end the transformation.more » Results indicate that while bainitic ferrite seems unaware of the extended heat treatment, retained austenite exhibits a more receptive behavior to it. - Highlights: • Nanostructured bainitic steel is not thermodynamically stable. • Extensive austempering in these microstructures has not been reported before. • Precipitation of cementite particles is unavoidable at longer austempering times. • TEM, FEG-SEM and XRD analysis were used for microstructural characterization.« less

Effect of Q&P heat treatment on fine microstructure and mechanical properties of a low-alloy medium-carbon steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jafari, Rahim; Kheirandish, Shahram; Mirdamadi, Shamsoddin

2018-01-01

The current research investigates the effect of ultrafine microstructure resulted from Quench and Partitioning (Q&P) process on obtaining ultra-high strengths in a low-alloy steel with 4wt.% carbon. The purpose of Q&P heat treatment is to enrich the austenite with carbon by partitioning of carbon from supersaturated martensite to austenite, in order to stabilize it to the room temperature. The microstructure, consequently, is consists of martensite, retained austenite and in some conditions bainite. Two-step Q&P heat treatment with quench and partitioning temperatures equal to 120°C and 300°C respectively were applied to the samples at different times. Mechanical behavior was studied by tensile test. The microstructure of the samples was observed using SEM, and TEM and to quantify the amount of retained austenite X-ray diffraction was used. The retained austenite grain size was estimated to be about 0.5 µm and the highest amount of retained austenite obtained was 10 vol%. All samples showed a yield strength and a tensile strength of above 900MPa and 1500MP respectively. The yield strength increased with increase in partitioning time, whereas tensile strength showed an inverse behavior. The elongation in samples varied from 5% to 9% which seemed to not have a direct connection with the amount of retained austenite, but instead it was related to the ferritic structures formed during partitioning such as coalesced martensite, bainite and tempered martensite.

Mechanical properties of nanocrystalline cobalt

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karimpoor, Amir A.; Erb, Uwe

2006-05-01

Due to their excellent wear and corrosion properties, nanocrystalline cobalt and several cobalt alloys made by electrodeposition are currently being developed as environmentally benign replacement coatings for hard chromium electrodeposits. The focus of this study is on the mechanical properties of nanocrystalline cobalt, which are currently not well understood. A comparison is presented for hardness, tensile properties, Charpy impact properties and fracture surface analysis of both nanocrystalline (grain size: 12 nm) and conventional polycrystalline (grain size: 4.8 m) cobalt. It is shown that the hardness and tensile strength of nanocrystalline cobalt is 2-3 times higher than for polycrystalline cobalt. However, in contrast to other nanocrystalline materials tested previously, nanocrystalline cobalt retains considerable ductility with elongation to fracture values up to 7%.

The development of peptide-based interfacial biomaterials for generating biological functionality on the surface of bioinert materials

PubMed Central

Meyers, Steven R.; Khoo, Xiaojuan; Huang, Xin; Walsh, Elisabeth B.; Grinstaff, Mark W.; Kenan, Daniel J.

2013-01-01

Biomaterials used in implants have traditionally been selected based on their mechanical properties, chemical stability, and biocompatibility. However, the durability and clinical efficacy of implantable biomedical devices remains limited in part due to the absence of appropriate biological interactions at the implant interface and the lack of integration into adjacent tissues. Herein, we describe a robust peptide-based coating technology capable of modifying the surface of existing biomaterials and medical devices through the non-covalent binding of modular biofunctional peptides. These peptides contain at least one material binding sequence and at least one biologically active sequence and thus are termed, “Interfacial Biomaterials” (IFBMs). IFBMs can simultaneously bind the biomaterial surface while endowing it with desired biological functionalities at the interface between the material and biological realms. We demonstrate the capabilities of model IFBMs to convert native polystyrene, a bioinert surface, into a bioactive surface that can support a range of cell activities. We further distinguish between simple cell attachment with insufficient integrin interactions, which in some cases can adversely impact downstream biology, versus biologically appropriate adhesion, cell spreading, and cell survival mediated by IFBMs. Moreover, we show that we can use the coating technology to create spatially resolved patterns of fluorophores and cells on substrates and that these patterns retain their borders in culture. PMID:18929406

Advanced powder metallurgy aluminum alloys via rapid solidification technology, phase 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ray, Ranjan; Jha, Sunil C.

1987-01-01

Marko's rapid solidification technology was applied to processing high strength aluminum alloys. Four classes of alloys, namely, Al-Li based (class 1), 2124 type (class 2), high temperature Al-Fe-Mo (class 3), and PM X7091 type (class 4) alloy, were produced as melt-spun ribbons. The ribbons were pulverized, cold compacted, hot-degassed, and consolidated through single or double stage extrusion. The mechanical properties of all four classes of alloys were measured at room and elevated temperatures and their microstructures were investigated optically and through electron microscopy. The microstructure of class 1 Al-Li-Mg alloy was predominantly unrecrystallized due to Zr addition. Yield strengths to the order of 50 Ksi were obtained, but tensile elongation in most cases remained below 2 percent. The class 2 alloys were modified composition of 2124 aluminum alloy, through addition of 0.6 weight percent Zr and 1 weight percent Ni. Nickel addition gave rise to a fine dispersion of intermetallic particles resisting coarsening during elevated temperature exposure. The class 2 alloy showed good combination of tensile strength and ductility and retained high strength after 1000 hour exposure at 177 C. The class 3 Al-Fe-Mo alloy showed high strength and good ductility both at room and high temperatures. The yield and tensile strength of class 4 alloy exceeded those of the commercial 7075 aluminum alloy.

Rapid and robust generation of long-term self-renewing human neural stem cells with the ability to generate mature astroglia.

PubMed

Palm, Thomas; Bolognin, Silvia; Meiser, Johannes; Nickels, Sarah; Träger, Claudia; Meilenbrock, Ralf-Leslie; Brockhaus, Johannes; Schreitmüller, Miriam; Missler, Markus; Schwamborn, Jens Christian

2015-11-06

Induced pluripotent stem cell bear the potential to differentiate into any desired cell type and hold large promise for disease-in-a-dish cell-modeling approaches. With the latest advances in the field of reprogramming technology, the generation of patient-specific cells has become a standard technology. However, directed and homogenous differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into desired specific cell types remains an experimental challenge. Here, we report the development of a novel hiPSCs-based protocol enabling the generation of expandable homogenous human neural stem cells (hNSCs) that can be maintained under self-renewing conditions over high passage numbers. Our newly generated hNSCs retained differentiation potential as evidenced by the reliable generation of mature astrocytes that display typical properties as glutamate up-take and expression of aquaporin-4. The hNSC-derived astrocytes showed high activity of pyruvate carboxylase as assessed by stable isotope assisted metabolic profiling. Moreover, using a cell transplantation approach, we showed that grafted hNSCs were not only able to survive but also to differentiate into astroglial in vivo. Engraftments of pluripotent stem cells derived from somatic cells carry an inherent tumor formation potential. Our results demonstrate that hNSCs with self-renewing and differentiation potential may provide a safer alternative strategy, with promising applications especially for neurodegenerative disorders.

Eating on Demand

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

Under subcontract to McDonnell-Douglas Corporation, Enersyst Development Center developed air impingement technology through oven designs for NASA's Space Station Freedom. Jets of hot air at the top and bottom of the oven are focused on the food, rather than heating the oven cavity as in a traditional thermal oven. By heating the food directly, foods cook faster and more consistently, retaining flavor and texture. Several companies have licensed this technology, including KRh Thermal Systems, which has introduced a line of Hot Choice vending machines. Enersyst has also licensed the first home application to Thermador.

Technology needs for high-speed rotorcraft, volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilkerson, J. B.; Schneider, J. J.; Bartie, K. M.

1991-01-01

High-speed rotorcraft concepts and the technology needed to extend rotorcraft cruise speeds up to 450 knots (while retaining the helicopter attributes of low downwash velocities) were identified. Task I identified 20 concepts with high-speed potential. These concepts were qualitatively evaluated to determine the five most promising ones. These five concepts were designed with optimum wing loading and disk loading to a common NASA-defined military transport mission. The optimum designs were quantitatively compared against 11 key criteria and ranked accordingly. The two highest ranking concepts were selected for the further study.

Recruiting and retaining older persons within a home-based pilot study using movement sensors.

PubMed

Bailey, Cathy; Buckley, Vanessa

2011-01-01

In this paper, we report on key aspects of recruiting and retaining a small group of community dwelling older adults in to a study, piloting motion sensors in their homes for 8 weeks. This was to further understanding of older adults' falls at home. We consider our recruitment strategy in terms of informed consent and non-exploitation; planning and explaining, and our retention strategy in terms of communicating and recording and pacing and sharing data. Offering reflective analyses of our challenges and strategies may help develop skills that maximise the involvement of older adults in research, particularly technologies related research, whilst at the same time ensuring inclusive and non-exploitative research relationships. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Solvent-resistant nanofiltration for product purification and catalyst recovery in click chemistry reactions.

PubMed

Cano-Odena, Angels; Vandezande, Pieter; Fournier, David; Van Camp, Wim; Du Prez, Filip E; Vankelecom, Ivo F J

2010-01-18

The quickly developing field of "click" chemistry would undoubtedly benefit from the availability of an easy and efficient technology for product purification to reduce the potential health risks associated with the presence of copper in the final product. Therefore, solvent-resistant nanofiltration (SRNF) membranes have been developed to selectively separate "clicked" polymers from the copper catalyst and solvent. By using these solvent-stable cross-linked polyimide membranes in diafiltration, up to 98 % of the initially present copper could be removed through the membrane together with the DMF solvent, the polymer product being almost completely retained. This paper also presents the first SRNF application in which the catalyst permeates through the membrane and the reaction product is retained.

Evaluation of leakage flux out of a dental magnetic attachment.

PubMed

Nishida, M; Tegawa, Y; Kinouchi, Y

2007-01-01

A dental magnetic attachment is a device to retain dental prostheses such as overdentures by magnetic attraction. As compared with mechanical attachments, the magnetic attachment has a superior retention properties due to less lateral pressure to its abutment tooth, and hence it has come to be widely used, particularly for retaining overdentures. Because the dental magnetic attachments are a device used in the mouth, the tissues in the mouth are exposed to the magnetic fields leaking out of the magnetic attachments for a long time. It may therefore be important to discuss biological effects of the leakage magnetic fields. It is required at first to evaluate the strength of the leakage magnetic fields.

Experimental and theoretical studies of implant assisted magnetic drug targeting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aviles, Misael O.

One way to achieve drug targeting in the body is to incorporate magnetic nanoparticles into drug carriers and then retain them at the site using an externally applied magnetic field. This process is referred to as magnetic drug targeting (MDT). However, the main limitation of MDT is that an externally applied magnetic field alone may not be able to retain a sufficient number of magnetic drug carrier particles (MDCPs) to justify its use. Such a limitation might not exist when high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) principles are applied to assist MDT by means of ferromagnetic implants. It was hypothesized that an Implant Assisted -- MDT (IA-MDT) system would increase the retention of the MDCPs at a target site where an implant had been previously located, since the magnetic forces are produced internally. With this in mind, the overall objective of this work was to demonstrate the feasibility of an IA-MDT system through mathematical modeling and in vitro experimentation. The mathematical models were developed and used to demonstrate the behavior and limitations of IA-MDT, and the in vitro experiments were designed and used to validate the models and to further elucidate the important parameters that affect the performance of the system. IA-MDT was studied with three plausible implants, ferromagnetic stents, seed particles, and wires. All implants were studied theoretically and experimentally using flow through systems with polymer particles containing magnetite nanoparticles as MDCPs. In the stent studies, a wire coil or mesh was simply placed in a flow field and the capture of the MDCPs was studied. In the other cases, a porous polymer matrix was used as a surrogate capillary tissue scaffold to study the capture of the MDCPs using wires or particle seeds as the implant, with the seeds either fixed within the polymer matrix or captured prior to capturing the MDCPs. An in vitro heart tissue perfusion model was also used to study the use of stents. In general, all the results demonstrated that IA-MDT is indeed feasible and that careful modification of the MDCP properties and implant properties are fundamental to the success of this technology.

Physics Learning Strategies with Multi-touch Technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Potter, Mark; Ilie, C.; Schofield, D.

2011-03-01

Advancements in technology have opened doorways to build new teaching and learning methods. Through conjunctive use of these technologies and methods, a classroom can be enriched to stimulate and improve student learning. The purpose of our research is to ascertain whether or not multi-touch technology enhances students' abilities to better comprehend and retain the knowledge taught in physics. At their basis, students learn via visual, aural, reading/writing, and kinesthetic styles. Labs provide for all but the aural style, while lectures lack kinesthetic learning. Pedagogical research indicates that kinesthetic learning is a fundamental, powerful, and ubiquitous learning style. By using multi-touch technology in lecture, not only can we accommodate kinesthetic learners, but we can also enrich the experiences of visual learners. Ushering to this wider array of students will hopefully lead to an increase in meaningful learning.

Approach for achieving flame retardancy while retaining physical properties in a compatible polymer matrix

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, Martha K. (Inventor); Smith, Trent M. (Inventor)

2007-01-01

The invention provides polymer blends containing polyhydroxyamide and one or more flammable polymers. The polymer blends are flame retardant and have improved durability and heat stability compared to the flammable polymer portion of the blends. Articles containing the polymer blends are also provided.

Cell of Origin and Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype in Medulloblastomas

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-07-01

dominant role over some oncogene function.In addition, we recently reported that cancer stem cells (CSCs)- stem cell like cells in tumors that have stem ... cell properties and tumor initiating ability- retain epigenetic memories of their cells of origin (Chow et al., 2014). We showed that CSCs derived from

30 CFR 816.99 - Slides and other damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... § 816.99 Slides and other damage. (a) An undisturbed natural barrier shall be provided beginning at the... determined by the regulatory authority as is needed to assure stability. The barrier shall be retained in... affect on public property, health, safety, or the environment, the person who conducts the surface mining...

Approach for achieving flame retardancy while retaining physical properties in a compatible polymer matrix

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Trent M. (Inventor); Williams, Martha K. (Inventor)

2011-01-01

The invention provides polymer blends containing polyhydroxyamide and one or more flammable polymers. The polymer blends are flame retardant and have improved durability and heat stability compared to the flammable polymer portion of the blends. Articles containing the polymer blends are also provided.

Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Exhibit Reduced Toxicity to Mammalian Cells and Retain Antimicrobial Activity

EPA Science Inventory

The interest in silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver nanomaterial stems from their antimicrobial properties. AgNPs are being added to clothing, paint, refrigerators, washing machines and a variety of other commercially available items. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies, howe...

36 CFR § 1226.18 - When may agencies temporarily extend retention periods?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... extend retention periods? § 1226.18 Section § 1226.18 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL... temporarily extend retention periods? (a) Agencies may temporarily retain records approved for destruction... or not to temporarily extend the retention period of records, agencies must ensure that the extension...

20 CFR 435.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, OTHER NON-PROFIT... any other federally-sponsored project or program, the recipient may retain the supplies for use on non... recipient may not use supplies acquired with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside...

7 CFR 3019.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award..., the recipient shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored activities or sell them, but... with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for a fee that is less than...

2 CFR 215.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS (OMB CIRCULAR A-110) Post Award Requirements... shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored activities or sell them, but shall, in either... to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for a fee that is less than private...

7 CFR 3019.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award..., the recipient shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored activities or sell them, but... with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for a fee that is less than...

34 CFR 74.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award... shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored activities or sell them, but shall, in either... to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for a fee that is less than private...

34 CFR 74.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award... shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored activities or sell them, but shall, in either... to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for a fee that is less than private...

43 CFR 12.935 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Grants and Agreements With Institutions of Higher Education, Hospitals, and Other Non-Profit..., the recipient shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored activities or sell them, but... with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for a fee that is less than...

34 CFR 74.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award... shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored activities or sell them, but shall, in either... to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for a fee that is less than private...

43 CFR 12.935 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Grants and Agreements With Institutions of Higher Education, Hospitals, and Other Non-Profit..., the recipient shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored activities or sell them, but... with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for a fee that is less than...

20 CFR 435.35 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, OTHER NON-PROFIT... any other federally-sponsored project or program, the recipient may retain the supplies for use on non... recipient may not use supplies acquired with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside...

43 CFR 12.935 - Supplies and other expendable property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Grants and Agreements With Institutions of Higher Education, Hospitals, and Other Non-Profit..., the recipient shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored activities or sell them, but... with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for a fee that is less than...

A zwitterionic macro-crosslinker for durable non-fouling coatings.

PubMed

Wang, Wei; Lu, Yang; Xie, Jinbing; Zhu, Hui; Cao, Zhiqiang

2016-03-28

A novel zwitterionic macro-crosslinker was developed and applied to fabricate durable non-fouling coatings on a polyurethane substrate. The zwitterionic macro-crosslinker coating exhibited superior durability over the traditional brush polymer coating and was able to retain its non-fouling property even after weeks of shearing in flowing liquid.

26 CFR 25.7520-4 - Transitional rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... GIFT TAX; GIFTS MADE AFTER DECEMBER 31, 1954 General Actuarial Valuations § 25.7520-4 Transitional rules. (a) Reliance. If the valuation date is after April 30, 1989, and before June 10, 1994, a donor... an interest in property by gift after December 31, 1988, and before May 1, 1989, retaining an...

Variable-mesh method of solving differential equations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Van Wyk, R.

1969-01-01

Multistep predictor-corrector method for numerical solution of ordinary differential equations retains high local accuracy and convergence properties. In addition, the method was developed in a form conducive to the generation of effective criteria for the selection of subsequent step sizes in step-by-step solution of differential equations.

A comparison of hemorrhage control and hydrogen peroxide generation in commercial and cotton-based wound dressing materials

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Nonwoven UltraCleanTM Cotton (highly cleaned and hydroentangled, greige cotton) retains the native wax and pectin content (~2%) of the cotton fiber traditionally removed from scoured and bleached cotton gauze, yet potentially affording wound healing properties. In vitro thromboelastography, hydrog...

Thermodynamic and transport combustion properties of hydrocarbons with air. Part 2: Compositions corresponding to Kelvin temperature schedules in part 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gordon, S.

1982-01-01

The equilibrium compositions that correspond to the thermodynamic and transport combustion properties for a wide range of conditions for the reaction of hydrocarbons with air are presented. Initially 55 gaseous species and 3 coin condensed species were considered in the calculations. Only 17 of these 55 gaseous species had equilibrium mole fractions greater than 0.000005 for any of the conditions studied and therefore these were the only ones retained in the final tables.

Stability evaluation of Styrylpyrone derivative (SPD) incorporated products

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bahtiar, Adibah Ahamad; Nor, Norefrina Shafinaz Md.; Ibrahim, Nazlina

2015-09-01

Styrylpyrone derivative (SPD) from Goniothalamus umbrosus has been shown to have antiviral properties against Herpes Simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1). This study aimed to evaluate the purity of isolated SPD and stability of SPD-incorporated formulations. Pure SPD was isolated from dried roots of G. umbrosus as confirmed by GC-MS. Two types of SPD-incorporated products (ointment and gel) were produced. Both products showed stable physical properties after two months and retained the SPD content for one month.

Elastic properties of a magnetic fluid with an air cavity retained by levitation forces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Polunin, V. M.; Boev, M. L.; Tan, Myo Min; Karpova, G. V.; Roslyakova, L. I.

2013-01-01

The paper describes the process of an air cavity rising in a magnetic fluid filling a tube with a bottom, transport, and retention of the cavity by magnetic levitation forces. The elastic and dissipative properties of a vibratory system with an inertial element that is a column of a magnetic fluid over an air cavity are considered. The possibility of using a transported air cavity as a movable reflector for a sound wave is evaluated.

Effects of combined plasma chromizing and shot peening on the fatigue properties of a Ti6Al4V alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Shouming; Liu, Daoxin; Zhang, Xiaohua; Du, Dongxing

2015-10-01

A plasma chromizing treatment was conducted on Ti6Al4V samples by employing the recently developed double glow plasma surface alloying technology. The Cr-alloyed layer consisted of four sub-layers, namely the Cr deposition, Cr2Ti, CrTi4, and Cr-Ti solid-solution layers. The local hardness and moduli were determined via nanoindentation. In addition, the fatigue properties of the samples were evaluated by using a rotating-bending fatigue machine under a given load. The results showed that the hardness or elastic moduli of the adjacent sub-layers differed significantly and the fatigue properties of the Ti6Al4V alloy deteriorated with the plasma chromizing treatment. This deterioration stemmed mainly from cracks initiated at the interfaces between the sub-layers and the microstructural changes of the substrate; these changes were induced by the high temperature used in the plasma chromizing process. However, the fatigue life of the plasma-chromized samples was increased by a shot peening post-treatment. The fatigue life of the samples resulting from this combination of treatments was slightly higher than that of the single-shot-peened Ti6Al4V substrate. In fact, the sample retaining only the Cr-Ti solid-solution layer (that is, the first three sub-layers were removed), when shot-peened, exhibited the highest fatigue life among all the tested samples; this was attributed to that sample having the highest residual compressive stress, the significant work hardening, and the good hardness to toughness balance.

Generation of an immortalized mesenchymal stem cell line producing a secreted biosensor protein for glucose monitoring

PubMed Central

Weisman, Itamar; Romano, Jacob; Ivics, Zoltán; Izsvák, Zsuzsanna; Barkai, Uriel

2017-01-01

Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by high levels of blood glucose. Diabetic patients should normalize these levels in order to avoid short and long term clinical complications. Presently, blood glucose monitoring is dependent on frequent finger pricking and enzyme based systems that analyze the drawn blood. Continuous blood glucose monitors are already on market but suffer from technical problems, inaccuracy and short operation time. A novel approach for continuous glucose monitoring is the development of implantable cell-based biosensors that emit light signals corresponding to glucose concentrations. Such devices use genetically modified cells expressing chimeric genes with glucose binding properties. MSCs are good candidates as carrier cells, as they can be genetically engineered and expanded into large numbers. They also possess immunomodulatory properties that, by reducing local inflammation, may assist long operation time. Here, we generated a novel immortalized human MSC line co-expressing hTERT and a secreted glucose biosensor transgene using the Sleeping Beauty transposon technology. Genetically modified hMSCs retained their mesenchymal characteristics. Stable transgene expression was validated biochemically. Increased activity of hTERT was accompanied by elevated and constant level of stem cell pluripotency markers and subsequently, by MSC immortalization. Furthermore, these cells efficiently suppressed PBMC proliferation in MLR transwell assays, indicating that they possess immunomodulatory properties. Finally, biosensor protein produced by MSCs was used to quantify glucose in cell-free assays. Our results indicate that our immortalized MSCs are suitable for measuring glucose concentrations in a physiological range. Thus, they are appropriate for incorporation into a cell-based, immune-privileged, glucose-monitoring medical device. PMID:28949988

Generation of an immortalized mesenchymal stem cell line producing a secreted biosensor protein for glucose monitoring.

PubMed

Siska, Evangelia K; Weisman, Itamar; Romano, Jacob; Ivics, Zoltán; Izsvák, Zsuzsanna; Barkai, Uriel; Petrakis, Spyros; Koliakos, George

2017-01-01

Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by high levels of blood glucose. Diabetic patients should normalize these levels in order to avoid short and long term clinical complications. Presently, blood glucose monitoring is dependent on frequent finger pricking and enzyme based systems that analyze the drawn blood. Continuous blood glucose monitors are already on market but suffer from technical problems, inaccuracy and short operation time. A novel approach for continuous glucose monitoring is the development of implantable cell-based biosensors that emit light signals corresponding to glucose concentrations. Such devices use genetically modified cells expressing chimeric genes with glucose binding properties. MSCs are good candidates as carrier cells, as they can be genetically engineered and expanded into large numbers. They also possess immunomodulatory properties that, by reducing local inflammation, may assist long operation time. Here, we generated a novel immortalized human MSC line co-expressing hTERT and a secreted glucose biosensor transgene using the Sleeping Beauty transposon technology. Genetically modified hMSCs retained their mesenchymal characteristics. Stable transgene expression was validated biochemically. Increased activity of hTERT was accompanied by elevated and constant level of stem cell pluripotency markers and subsequently, by MSC immortalization. Furthermore, these cells efficiently suppressed PBMC proliferation in MLR transwell assays, indicating that they possess immunomodulatory properties. Finally, biosensor protein produced by MSCs was used to quantify glucose in cell-free assays. Our results indicate that our immortalized MSCs are suitable for measuring glucose concentrations in a physiological range. Thus, they are appropriate for incorporation into a cell-based, immune-privileged, glucose-monitoring medical device.

ZnO-based microrockets with light-enhanced propulsion.

PubMed

Dong, Renfeng; Wang, Chun; Wang, Qinglong; Pei, Allen; She, Xueling; Zhang, Yuxian; Cai, Yuepeng

2017-10-12

Improving the propulsion of artificial micro-nanomotors represents an exciting nanotechnology challenge, especially considering their cargo delivery ability and fuel efficiency. In light of the excellent photocatalytic performance of zinc oxide (ZnO) and chemical catalytic properties of platinum (Pt), ZnO-Pt microrockets with light-enhanced propulsion have been developed by atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology. The velocity of such microrockets is dramatically doubled upon irradiation by 77 mW cm -2 ultraviolet (UV) light in 10% H 2 O 2 and is almost 3 times higher than the classic poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Pt microrockets (PEDOT-Pt microrockets) even in 6% H 2 O 2 under the same UV light. In addition, such micromotors not only retain the standard approach to improve propulsion by varying the fuel concentration, but also demonstrate a simple way to enhance the movement velocity by adjusting the UV light intensity. High reversibility and controllable "weak/strong" propulsion can be easily achieved by switching the UV irradiation on or off. Finally, light-enhanced propulsion has been investigated by electrochemical measurements which further confirm the enhanced photocatalytic properties of ZnO and Pt. The successful demonstration of ZnO-based microrockets with excellent light-enhanced propulsion is significant for developing highly efficient synthetic micro-nanomotors which have strong delivery ability and economic fuel requirements for future practical applications in the micro-nanoscale world.

High performance C/S composite cathodes with conventional carbonate-based electrolytes in Li-S battery.

PubMed

Zheng, Shiyou; Han, Pan; Han, Zhuo; Zhang, Huijuan; Tang, Zhihong; Yang, Junhe

2014-04-29

High stable C/S composites are fabricated by a novel high-temperature sulfur infusion into micro-mesoporous carbon method following with solvent cleaning treatment. The C/S composite cathodes show high Coulombic efficiency, long cycling stability and good rate capability in the electrolyte of 1.0 M LiPF6 + EC/DEC (1:1 v/v), for instance, the reversible capacity of the treated C/S-50 (50% S) cathode retains around 860 mAh/g even after 500 cycles and the Coulombic efficiency is close to 100%, which demonstrates the best electrochemical performance of carbon-sulfur composite cathodes using the carbonate-based electrolyte reported to date. It is believed that the chemical bond of C-S is responsible for the superior electrochemical properties in Li-S battery, that is, the strong interaction between S and carbon matrix significantly improves the conductivity of S, effectively buffers the structural strain/stress caused by the large volume change during lithiation/delithiation, completely eliminates the formation of high-order polysulfide intermediates, and substantially avoids the shuttle reaction and the side reaction between polysulfide anions and carbonate solvent, and thus enables the C/S cathode to use conventional carbonate-based electrolytes and achieve outstanding electrochemical properties in Li-S battery. The results may substantially contribute to the progress of the Li-S battery technology.

Stability of retained austenite in high carbon steel under compressive stress: an investigation from macro to nano scale

PubMed Central

Hossain, R.; Pahlevani, F.; Quadir, M. Z.; Sahajwalla, V.

2016-01-01

Although high carbon martensitic steels are well known for their industrial utility in high abrasion and extreme operating environments, due to their hardness and strength, the compressive stability of their retained austenite, and the implications for the steels’ performance and potential uses, is not well understood. This article describes the first investigation at both the macro and nano scale of the compressive stability of retained austenite in high carbon martensitic steel. Using a combination of standard compression testing, X-ray diffraction, optical microstructure, electron backscattering diffraction imaging, electron probe micro-analysis, nano-indentation and micro-indentation measurements, we determined the mechanical stability of retained austenite and martensite in high carbon steel under compressive stress and identified the phase transformation mechanism, from the macro to the nano level. We found at the early stage of plastic deformation hexagonal close-packed (HCP) martensite formation dominates, while higher compression loads trigger body-centred tetragonal (BCT) martensite formation. The combination of this phase transformation and strain hardening led to an increase in the hardness of high carbon steel of around 30%. This comprehensive characterisation of stress induced phase transformation could enable the precise control of the microstructures of high carbon martensitic steels, and hence their properties. PMID:27725722

A theoretical model for the flow behavior of commercial dual-phase steels containing metastable retained austenite: Part I. derivation of flow curve equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goel, Naresh C.; Sangal, Sandeep; Tangri, Kris

1985-11-01

A semi-mechanistic model for predicting the flow behavior of a typical commercial dual-phase steel containing 20 vol pct of ‘as quenched’ martensite and varying amounts of retained austenite has been developed in this paper. Assuming that up to 20 vol pct of austenite with different degrees of mechanical stability can be retained as a result of certain thermomechanical treatments in a steel of appropriate low carbon low alloy chemistry, expressions for composite flow stress and strain have been derived. The model takes into account the work hardening of the individual microconstituents (viz., ferrite -@#@ α, retained austenite - γ r, and martensite -α') and the extra hardening of ferrite caused by accommodation dislocations surrounding the ‘as quenched’ as well as the strain-induced (γ r→ α') martensite. Load transfer between the phases has been accounted for using an intermediate law of mixtures which also considers the relative hardness of the soft and the hard phases. From the derived expressions, the flow behavior of dual phase steels can be predicted if the properties of the individual microconstituents are known. Versatility of the model for application to other commercial steels containing a metastable phase is discussed.

Retention of Plasmodium falciparum ring-infected erythrocytes in the slow, open microcirculation of the human spleen.

PubMed

Safeukui, Innocent; Correas, Jean-Michel; Brousse, Valentine; Hirt, Déborah; Deplaine, Guillaume; Mulé, Sébastien; Lesurtel, Mickael; Goasguen, Nicolas; Sauvanet, Alain; Couvelard, Anne; Kerneis, Sophie; Khun, Huot; Vigan-Womas, Inès; Ottone, Catherine; Molina, Thierry Jo; Tréluyer, Jean-Marc; Mercereau-Puijalon, Odile; Milon, Geneviève; David, Peter H; Buffet, Pierre A

2008-09-15

The current paradigm in Plasmodium falciparum malaria pathogenesis states that young, ring-infected erythrocytes (rings) circulate in peripheral blood and that mature stages are sequestered in the vasculature, avoiding clearance by the spleen. Through ex vivo perfusion of human spleens, we examined the interaction of this unique blood-filtering organ with P falciparum-infected erythrocytes. As predicted, mature stages were retained. However, more than 50% of rings were also retained and accumulated upstream from endothelial sinus wall slits of the open, slow red pulp microcirculation. Ten percent of rings were retained at each spleen passage, a rate matching the proportion of blood flowing through the slow circulatory compartment established in parallel using spleen contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in healthy volunteers. Rings displayed a mildly but significantly reduced elongation index, consistent with a retention process, due to their altered mechanical properties. This raises the new paradigm of a heterogeneous ring population, the less deformable subset being retained in the spleen, thereby reducing the parasite biomass that will sequester in vital organs, influencing the risk of severe complications, such as cerebral malaria or severe anemia. Cryptic ring retention uncovers a new role for the spleen in the control of parasite density, opening novel intervention opportunities.

Modelling of Remediation Technologies at the Performance Assessment Level

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Parton, N.J.; Paksy, A.; Eden, L.

2008-07-01

This paper presents approaches to modelling three different remediation technologies that are designed to support site operators during their assessment of remediation options for the management of radioactively contaminated land on nuclear licensed sites in the UK. The three selected technologies were soil washing, permeable reactive barrier and in-situ stabilisation. The potential exists to represent electrokinetics in the future. These technologies were chosen because it was considered that enough information already existed for site operators to assess mature technologies such as soil dig and disposal and groundwater pump and treat. Using the software code GoldSim, the models have been designedmore » to allow site operators to make both a reasonable scoping level assessment of the viability of treatment and understand the cost-benefits of each technology. For soil washing, a standard soil leaching technique was simulated whereby the soil is separated into fines and oversize particles, and subsequently a chemical reagent is used to strip contamination off the soil. The cost benefit of this technology in terms of capital costs for the plant and materials, operational costs and waste disposal costs can also be assessed. The permeable reactive barrier (PRB) model can represent either a continuous wall or a funnel and gate system. The model simulates the transport of contaminants through the reactive material contained in the PRB. The outputs from the model include concentration of contaminants in the groundwater flow downstream of the PRB, mass of contaminants retained by the PRB, total mass and volume of waste and the various costs associated with the PRB remediation technology. The in-situ stabilisation (ISS) model has the capability to represent remediation by the addition of reagents that immobilise contaminated soil. The model simulates the release of contaminants from the treated soil over time. Performance is evaluated by comparison of the mass of contaminants retained and released to the area outside the treatment zone. Other outputs include amount of spoil generated (to be treated as waste) and the costs associated with the application of the ISS technology. These models are aimed to help users select a technology or technologies that are potentially suitable for a particular site. It is anticipated that they will prompt the user to undertake more detailed assessments to tailor the selected technology to their site specific circumstances and contaminated land conditions. (author)« less