Sample records for robert van hook

  1. The discovery of microorganisms by Robert Hooke and Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek, fellows of the Royal Society.

    PubMed

    Gest, Howard

    2004-05-01

    The existence of microscopic organisms was discovered during the period 1665-83 by two Fellows of The Royal Society, Robert Hooke and Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. In Micrographia (1665), Hooke presented the first published depiction of a microganism, the microfungus Mucor. Later, Leeuwenhoek observed and described microscopic protozoa and bacteria. These important revelations were made possible by the ingenuity of Hooke and Leeuwenhoek in fabricating and using simple microscopes that magnified objects from about 25-fold to 250-fold. After a lapse of more than 150 years, microscopy became the backbone of our understanding of the roles of microbes in the causation of infectious diseases and the recycling of chemical elements in the biosphere.

  2. Executive Director Fred Spilhaus Steps Down; Interim Leader Takes AGU Reins

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Weiss, Peter

    2009-02-01

    After 39 years as AGU executive director, Fred Spilhaus has stepped down from his post; he will become executive director emeritus. At a 27 January 2009 staff meeting at AGU headquarters, in Washington, D. C., three of the Union officers introduced Robert T. Van Hook, who will serve as interim executive director while AGU conducts a worldwide search for a new executive director. The search is expected to start in the summer of 2009 and to take from 6 to 18 months. ``AGU is a growing, vibrant organization that wishes to thoughtfully chart its course for the coming decades,'' Van Hook said. ``I am a professional interim executive, here to build on Fred Spilhaus's legacy. I want to help this extraordinary Union of researchers, teachers, and students take careful stock of where it is today, where it wants to go tomorrow, and what kind of staff leader it needs to help it get there,'' he said. ``My job is to get you ready for the next executive director,'' Van Hook told AGU staff, noting that he is not a candidate for the position himself.

  3. The microscopes of Antoni van Leeuwenhoek.

    PubMed

    van Zuylen, J

    1981-03-01

    The seventeenth-century Dutch microscopist, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, was the first man to make a protracted study of microscopical objects, and, unlike his contemporary Robert Hooke, he viewed by transmitted light. Leeuwenhoek made over 500 of his own, curious, simple microscopes, but now only nine are known to exist. The exact nature of the lenses Leeuwenhoek made, has for long been a puzzle. The existing microscopes have now been examined in detail, and their optical characteristics measured and tabulated. It is proposed that the lens of highest magnification, x 266, was made using a special blown bubble technique.

  4. Synthetic Minor NSR Permit: Van Hook Crude Terminal, LLC - Van Hook Crude Terminal/Rail Loading Facility

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This page contains the current effective synthetic minor NSR permit for the Van Hook Crude Terminal, LLC, Van Hook Crude Terminal/Rail Loading Facility, located on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation in Mountrail County, ND.

  5. A Pedagogy of Sight: Microscopic Vision in Robert Hooke's "Micrographia"

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jack, Jordynn

    2009-01-01

    Robert Hooke's "Micrographia" (1665) holds an important place in the history of scientific visual rhetoric. Hooke's accomplishment lies not only in a stunning array of engravings, but also in a "pedagogy of sight"--a rhetorical framework that instructs readers how to view images in accordance with an ideological or epistemic program. Hooke not…

  6. Drawings of fossils by Robert Hooke and Richard Waller

    PubMed Central

    Kusukawa, Sachiko

    2013-01-01

    The drawings of fossils by Robert Hooke and Richard Waller that were the basis of the engravings in Hooke's Posthumous works (1705) are published here for the first time. The drawings show that both Hooke and Waller were proficient draftsmen with a keen eye for the details of petrified objects. These drawings provided Hooke with a polemic edge in making the case for the organic origins of ‘figured stones’.

  7. Hooke's figurations: a figural drawing attributed to Robert Hooke.

    PubMed

    Hunter, Matthew C

    2010-09-20

    The experimental philosopher Robert Hooke (1635-1703) is known to have apprenticed to the leading painter Peter Lely on his first arrival in London in the late 1640s. Yet the relevance of Hooke's artistic training to his mature draughtsmanship and identity has remained unclear. Shedding light on that larger interpretive problem, this article argues for the attribution to Hooke of a figural drawing now in Tate Britain (T10678). This attributed drawing is especially interesting because it depicts human subjects and bears Hooke's name functioning as an artistic signature, both highly unusual features for his draughtsmanship. From evidence of how this drawing was collected and physically placed alongside images by leading artists in the early eighteenth century, I suggest how it can offer new insight into the reception of Hooke and his graphic work in the early Enlightenment.

  8. The remarkable vision of Robert Hooke (1635-1703): first observer of the microbial world.

    PubMed

    Gest, Howard

    2005-01-01

    Robert Hooke played important roles in the early development of the Royal Society of London. As Curator of Experiments of the Society, he became a pioneering microscopist, prolific inventor, astronomer, geologist, architect, and an effective surveyor of the City of London following the Great Fire of 1666. Hooke's Micrographia (1665) revealed the microscopic structures of numerous biological and inorganic objects and became an important source of information for later studies. Aside from the body of detailed observations reported and depicted in Micrographia, the Preface is in itself an extraordinary document that exhibits Hooke's fertile mind, philosophical insights, and rare ability to look into the future.

  9. Crafting the microworld: how Robert Hooke constructed knowledge about small things

    PubMed Central

    Lawson, Ian

    2016-01-01

    This paper investigates the way in which Robert Hooke constructed his microscopical observations. His Micrographia is justifiably famous for its detailed engravings, which communicated Hooke's observations of tiny nature to his readers, but less attention has been paid to how he went about making the observations themselves. In this paper I explore the relationship between the materiality of his instrument and the epistemic images he produced. Behind the pictures lies an array of hidden materials, and the craft knowledge it took to manipulate them. By investigating the often counter-theoretical and conflicting practices of his ingenious microscope use, I demonstrate the way in which Hooke crafted the microworld for his readers, giving insight into how early modern microscopy was understood by its practitioners and audience. PMID:27017680

  10. Robert Hooke, 1635-1703.

    PubMed

    Rowbury, Robin

    2012-01-01

    Robert Hooke was a polymath whose expertise during the 17th century spanned many different scientific areas. As a schoolboy on the Isle of Wight he was obsessed with the possibility of human flight and later became equally absorbed in cosmology and planetary motion. His skills as an artist were put to good use both as an architect following the Great Fire of London and before that in Micrographia. Although that book is best known for demonstrating the power of Hooke's microscope, Micrographia describes distant planetary bodies, the wave theory of light, the organic origin of fossils, and various other philosophical and scientific interests of its author The following thumbnail sketches of Hooke reveal him to be a man of enormous energy and imagination whose ideas were often pirated or under-rated.

  11. CRAFTING THE MICROWORLD: HOW ROBERT HOOKE CONSTRUCTED KNOWLEDGE ABOUT SMALL THINGS.

    PubMed

    Lawson, Ian

    2016-03-20

    This paper investigates the way in which Robert Hooke constructed his microscopical observations. His Micrographia is justifiably famous for its detailed engravings, which communicated Hooke's observations of tiny nature to his readers, but less attention has been paid to how he went about making the observations themselves. In this paper I explore the relationship between the materiality of his instrument and the epistemic images he produced. Behind the pictures lies an array of hidden materials, and the craft knowledge it took to manipulate them. By investigating the often counter-theoretical and conflicting practices of his ingenious microscope use, I demonstrate the way in which Hooke crafted the microworld for his readers, giving insight into how early modern microscopy was understood by its practitioners and audience.

  12. Robert Hooke's model of memory.

    PubMed

    Hintzman, Douglas L

    2003-03-01

    In 1682 the scientist and inventor Robert Hooke read a lecture to the Royal Society of London, in which he described a mechanistic model of human memory. Yet few psychologists today seem to have heard of Hooke's memory model. The lecture addressed questions of encoding, memory capacity, repetition, retrieval, and forgetting--some of these in a surprisingly modern way. Hooke's model shares several characteristics with the theory of Richard Semon, which came more than 200 years later, but it is more complete. Among the model's interesting properties are that (1) it allows for attention and other top-down influences on encoding; (2) it uses resonance to implement parallel, cue-dependent retrieval; (3) it explains memory for recency; (4) it offers a single-system account of repetition priming; and (5) the power law of forgetting can be derived from the model's assumptions in a straightforward way.

  13. Balancing Petroleum Force Structure/Capabilities between Active and Reserve Components

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-03-01

    ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Colonel Robert M. Mundell Department of Command, Leadership, and Management 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT...Colonel Kenneth R. Hook United States Army Colonel Robert M. Mundell Department of Command, Leadership, and Management Project

  14. An experimental 'Life' for an experimental life: Richard Waller's biography of Robert Hooke (1705).

    PubMed

    Moxham, Noah

    2016-03-01

    Richard Waller's 'Life of Dr Robert Hooke', prefixed to his edition of Hooke's Posthumous Works (1705), is an important source for the life of one of the most eminent members of the early Royal Society. It also has the distinction of being one of the earliest biographies of a man of science to be published in English. I argue that it is in fact the first biography to embrace the subject's natural-philosophical work as the centre of his life, and I investigate Waller's reasons for adopting this strategy and his struggle with the problem of how to represent an early experimental philosopher in print. I suggest that Waller eschews the 'Christian philosopher' tradition of contemporary biography - partly because of the unusually diverse and fragmentary nature of Hooke's intellectual output - and draws instead upon the structure of the Royal Society's archive as a means of organizing and understanding Hooke's life. The most quoted phrase from Waller's biography is that Hooke became 'to a crime close and reserved' in later life; this essay argues that Waller's biographical sketch was fashioned in order to undo the effects of that reserve. In modelling his approach very closely on the structure of the society's records he was principally concerned with making Hooke's work and biography accessible, intelligible and useful to the fellowship in a context familiar to them, a context which had provided the institutional framework for most of Hooke's adult life. I argue that Waller's 'Life' was also intended to make the largest claims for Hooke's intellectual standing that the author dared in the context of the enmity between Hooke and Isaac Newton once the latter became president of the Royal Society. However, I also adduce fresh manuscript evidence that Waller actually compiled, but did not publish, a defence of Hooke's claim to have discovered the inverse square law of gravity, allowing us to glimpse a much more assertive biography of Hooke than the published version.

  15. A Constructive Induction Approach to Computer Immunology

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1999-03-01

    LVM98] Lamont, Gary B., David A. Van Veldhuizen , and Robert E Marmelstein, A Distributed Architecture for a Self-Adaptive Computer Virus...Artificial Intelligence, Herndon, VA, 1995. [MVL98] Marmelstein, Robert E., David A. Van Veldhuizen , and Gary B. Lamont. Modeling & Analysis

  16. [Margaret Cavendish vs Robert Hooke: An impossible duel].

    PubMed

    Aït-Touati, Frédérique

    2016-12-01

    In 1665, Robert Hooke published his major work in microscopy, Micrographia, a defense of experimental philosophy. The following year, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle, published at her own expense a treatise and a novel that undermined the basis of this new science. The dispute broke out at the initiative of the Duchess, in the context of a vast controversy about the legitimacy and the efficiency of optical instruments in natural philosophy. All the figures of the dual are used, except one: the counterattack. Cavendish, indeed, was alone on the battlefield. Is it possible to call a dual a battle with only one combatant? This particular case of dispute that stops owing to the shortage of combatants is the subject of this article.

  17. Studying Hooke's Law by Using a Pogo Stick

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Silva, Nicolas

    2011-01-01

    Perhaps the pogo stick was little Robert Hooke's favorite childhood toy, consisting of a stiff spring inserted in a tube fixed at the upper end and connected to a moveable rod at the other. Hand grips and a foot rest are connected to the tube. The idea is to jump on it taking advantage of the force provided by the spring when it is compressed.…

  18. Richard Bradley: a unified, living agent theory of the cause of infectious diseases of plants, animals, and humans in the first decades of the 18th century.

    PubMed

    Santer, Melvin

    2009-01-01

    During the years 1714 to 1721, Richard Bradley, who was later to become the first Professor of Botany at Cambridge University, proposed a unified, unique, living agent theory of the cause of infectious diseases of plants and animals and the plague of humans. Bradley's agents included microscopic organisms, revealed by the studies of Robert Hooke and Antony van Leeuwenhoek. His theory derived from his experimental studies of plants and their diseases and from microscopic observation of animalcules in different naturally occurring and artificial environments. He concluded that there was a microscopic world of "insects" that lived and reproduced under the appropriate conditions, and that infectious diseases of plants were caused by such "insects." Since there are structural and functional similarities between plants and animals, Bradley concluded that microscopic organisms caused human and animal infectious diseases as well. However, his living agent cause of infectious diseases was not accepted by the contemporary scientific society.

  19. Bears in Eden, or, this is not the garden you're looking for: Margaret Cavendish, Robert Hooke and the limits of natural philosophy.

    PubMed

    Lawson, Ian

    2015-12-01

    This paper investigates Margaret Cavendish's characterization of experimental philosophers as hybrids of bears and men in her 1666 story The Description of a New World, Called the Blazing World. By associating experimental philosophers, in particular Robert Hooke and his microscope, with animals familiar to her readers from the sport of bear-baiting, Cavendish constructed an identity for the fellows of the Royal Society of London quite unlike that which they imagined for themselves. Recent scholarship has illustrated well how Cavendish's opposition to experimental philosophy is linked to her different natural-philosophical, political and anthropological ideas. My contribution to this literature is to examine the meanings both of bears in early modern England and of microscopes in experimental rhetoric, in order to illustrate the connection that Cavendish implies between the two. She parodied Hooke's idea that his microscope extended his limited human senses, and mocked his aim that by so doing he could produce useful knowledge. The bear-men reflect inhuman ambition and provide a caution against ignoring both the order of English society and the place of humans in nature.

  20. PEOPLE IN PHYSICS: Newton's apple

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sandford Smith, Daniel

    1997-03-01

    This essay has a long history. It was triggered at university by one of my tutors describing the dispute between Robert Hooke and Isaac Newton. He conjured up an image of Newton sitting at his desk doing calculations while Hooke went down mineshafts trying to detect a change in the strength of gravity. To someone who was finding the maths content of a physics degree somewhat challenging this was a symbolic image. I believe that the story of Newton and the apple illustrates the complex nature of scientific discovery.

  1. Consolidating Air Force Maintenance Occupational Specialties

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-01-01

    Bill Gilbert . A number of colleagues at RAND, including John Drew, Laura Baldwin, Al Robbert, and Ray Conley, provided support during this effort...Massey, James M. Masters, Raymond A. Pyles, Ricardo Sanchez, Jerry M. Sollinger, Brent Thomas, Robert S. Tripp, and Ben D. Van Roo, Analysis of the Air...MG-872-AF, 2009), Tripp et al. (Robert S. Tripp, Ronald G. McGarvey, Ben D. Van Roo, James M. Masters and Jerry M. Sollinger. A Repair Network

  2. Latino Student Success in Oregon High Schools

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Peterson, Deborah S.

    2011-01-01

    The public educational system has failed to adjust practices, policies, and procedures to ensure systematic, equitable access to a rigorous education for all youth, including those from diverse linguistic and racial backgrounds (Delpit, 1995; G. Gay, 2010; hooks, 1994; Ladson-Billings, 1994; Lindsey, Roberts, & Campbelljones, 2005; Nieto,…

  3. What can Numerical Computation do for the History of Science? (Study of an Orbit Drawn by Newton on a Letter to Hooke)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Stuchi, Teresa; Cardozo Dias, P.

    2013-05-01

    Abstract (2,250 Maximum Characters): On a letter to Robert Hooke, Isaac Newton drew the orbit of a mass moving under a constant attracting central force. How he drew the orbit may indicate how and when he developed dynamic categories. Some historians claim that Newton used a method contrived by Hooke; others that he used some method of curvature. We prove geometrically: Hooke’s method is a second order symplectic area preserving algorithm, and the method of curvature is a first order algorithm without special features; then we integrate the hamiltonian equations. Integration by the method of curvature can also be done exploring geometric properties of curves. We compare three methods: Hooke’s method, the method of curvature and a first order method. A fourth order algorithm sets a standard of comparison. We analyze which of these methods best explains Newton’s drawing.

  4. What can numerical computation do for the history of science? (a study of an orbit drawn by Newton in a letter to Hooke)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cardozo Dias, Penha Maria; Stuchi, T. J.

    2013-11-01

    In a letter to Robert Hooke, Isaac Newton drew the orbit of a mass moving under a constant attracting central force. The drawing of the orbit may indicate how and when Newton developed dynamic categories. Some historians claim that Newton used a method contrived by Hooke; others that he used some method of curvature. We prove that Hooke’s method is a second-order symplectic area-preserving algorithm, and the method of curvature is a first-order algorithm without special features; then we integrate the Hamiltonian equations. Integration by the method of curvature can also be done, exploring the geometric properties of curves. We compare three methods: Hooke’s method, the method of curvature and a first-order method. A fourth-order algorithm sets a standard of comparison. We analyze which of these methods best explains Newton’s drawing.

  5. Meanest foundations and nobler superstructures: Hooke, Newton and the "compounding of the celestiall motions of the planets

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gal, Ofer

    This book is a historical-epistemological study of one the most consequential idea of early modern celestial mechanics: Robert Hooke's proposal to "compoun[d] the celestial motions of the planets of a direct motion by the tangent & an attractive motion towards a central body," a proposal which Isaac Newton adopted and realized in his Principia. Hooke's Programme was revolutionary both cosmologically and mathematically. It presented "the celestial motions," the proverbial symbol of stability and immutability, as a process of continuous change, and prescribed only parameters of rectilinear motions and rectilinear attractions for calculating their closed curved orbits. Yet the traces of Hooke's construction of his Programme for the heavens lead through his investigations in such earthly disciplines as microscopy, practical optics and horology, and the mathematical tools developed by Newton to accomplish it appear no less local and goal-oriented than Hooke's lenses and springs. This transgression of the boundaries between the theoretical, experimental and technological realms is reminiscent of Hooke's own free excursions in and out of the circles occupied by gentlemen-philosophers, university mathematicians, instrument makers, technicians and servants. It presents an opportunity to examine the social and epistemological distinctions, relations and hierarchies between those realms and their inhabitants, and compels a critical assessment of the philosophical categories they embody.

  6. Robert Boyle's landmark book of 1660 with the first experiments on rarified air.

    PubMed

    West, John B

    2005-01-01

    In 1660, Robert Boyle (1627-1691) published his landmark book New Experiments Physico-Mechanicall, Touching the Spring of the Air, and its Effects... in which he described the first controlled experiments of the effects of reducing the pressure of the air. Critical to this work was the development of an air pump by Boyle with Robert Hooke (1635-1703). For the first time, it was possible to observe physical and physiological processes at both normal and reduced barometric pressures. The air pump was described in detail, although the exact design of the critical piston is unclear. Boyle reported 43 separate experiments, which can conveniently be divided into 7 groups. The first experiments were on the "spring of the air," that is the pressure developed by the air when its volume was changed. Several experiments described the behavior of the barometer invented by Torricelli just 16 years before when it was introduced into the low-pressure chamber. The behavior of burning candles was discussed, although this emphasized early misunderstandings of the nature of combustion. There were some physiological observations, although these were later extended by Boyle and Hooke. The effects of the low pressure on such diverse physical phenomena as magnetism, sound propagation, behavior of a pendulum, evolution of gases from liquids, and the behavior of smoke were described. This classic book is brimming with enthusiasm and fresh ideas even for today and deserves to be better known.

  7. Explicit Building-Block Multiobjective Genetic Algorithms: Theory, Analysis, and Development

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2003-03-01

    Member Date Dr. (Maj) David A. Van Veldhuizen Committee Member Date Dr. Richard F. Deckro Dean’s Representative Date Accepted: Robert A. Calico, Jr...results in increased throughput and vice-versa. Van Veldhuizen validated the concept that BBs exist and are useful in the multiob- jective domain [184...extended to multiobjective functions. Van Veldhuizen states that BBs are not handled differently by MOEAs as compared to EAs. Even though an MOEA

  8. 78 FR 24774 - National Register of Historic Places; Notification of Pending Nominations and Related Actions

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-26

    ... Wacker Dr., Wells, Van Buren & Clark Sts., Chicago, 13000294 McDonough County Macomb Courthouse Square..., Amsterdam, 13000308 New York County Fire Hook and Ladder Company No. 14, 120 E. 125th St., New York...

  9. Through the High-Tech Looking Glass | Center for Cancer Research

    Cancer.gov

    Science begins with observation; scientists have made telescopes to examine things farther away than the eye can see and microscopes to examine things invisible to human vision. Since Robert Hooke in the 17th century used the first microscope to document the existence of living cells, advances in cell biology have been tied to ever more innovative tools for visualizing and

  10. Experimental Methods for the Prediction of the Effect of Viscosity on Propeller Performance.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1981-06-01

    blade would supplement the LDV measurement to get the turbulence level[23). -84- REFERENCES 1. Lap, J. W. and Van Manen , J. D., Fundamentals of Ship...Robert J. Van Houten whoes deep understanding on the topic often encouraged me. Special thanks are extended to Mr. S. Dean Lewis, in charge of the

  11. Newton's Apple

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hendry, Archibald W.

    2007-01-01

    Isaac Newton may have seen an apple fall, but it was Robert Hooke who had a better idea of where it would land. No one really knows whether or not Isaac Newton actually saw an apple fall in his garden. Supposedly it took place in 1666, but it was a tale he told in his old age more than 60 years later, a time when his memory was failing and his…

  12. Publisher Correction: Discordant congenital Zika syndrome twins show differential in vitro viral susceptibility of neural progenitor cells.

    PubMed

    Caires-Júnior, Luiz Carlos; Goulart, Ernesto; Melo, Uirá Souto; Araujo, Bruno Henrique Silva; Alvizi, Lucas; Soares-Schanoski, Alessandra; de Oliveira, Danyllo Felipe; Kobayashi, Gerson Shigeru; Griesi-Oliveira, Karina; Musso, Camila Manso; Amaral, Murilo Sena; daSilva, Lucas Ferreira; Astray, Renato Mancini; Suárez-Patiño, Sandra Fernanda; Ventini, Daniella Cristina; da Silva, Sérgio Gomes; Yamamoto, Guilherme Lopes; Ezquina, Suzana; Naslavsky, Michel Satya; Telles-Silva, Kayque Alves; Weinmann, Karina; van der Linden, Vanessa; van der Linden, Helio; de Oliveira, João Ricardo Mendes; Arrais, Nivia Maria Rodrigues; Melo, Adriana; Figueiredo, Thalita; Santos, Silvana; Meira, Joanna Goes Castro; Passos, Saulo Duarte; de Almeida, Roque Pacheco; Bispo, Ana Jovina Barreto; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão; Kalil, Jorge; Cunha-Neto, Edécio; Nakaya, Helder; Andreata-Santos, Robert; de Souza Ferreira, Luis Carlos; Verjovski-Almeida, Sergio; Ho, Paulo Lee; Passos-Bueno, Maria Rita; Zatz, Mayana

    2018-03-13

    The original PDF version of this Article contained errors in the spelling of Luiz Carlos Caires-Júnior, Uirá Souto Melo, Bruno Henrique Silva Araujo, Alessandra Soares-Schanoski, Murilo Sena Amaral, Kayque Alves Telles-Silva, Vanessa van der Linden, Helio van der Linden, João Ricardo Mendes de Oliveira, Nivia Maria Rodrigues Arrais, Joanna Goes Castro Meira, Ana Jovina Barreto Bispo, Esper Abrão Cavalheiro, and Robert Andreata-Santos, which were incorrectly given as Luiz Carlos de Caires Jr., UiráSouto Melo, Bruno Silva Henrique Araujo, Alessandra Soares Schanoski, MuriloSena Amaral, Kayque Telles Alves Silva, Vanessa Van der Linden, Helio Van der Linden, João Mendes Ricardo de Oliveira, Nivia Rodrigues Maria Arrais, Joanna Castro Goes Meira, Ana JovinaBarreto Bispo, EsperAbrão Cavalheiro, and Robert Andreata Santos. Furthermore, in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article, the top panel of Fig. 3e was incorrectly labeled '10608-1' and should have been '10608-4', and financial support from CAPES and DECIT-MS was inadvertently omitted from the Acknowledgements section. These errors have now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

  13. Immune Cells, if Rendered Insensitive to Transforming Growth Factorbeta, Can Cure Prostate Cancer

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-02-01

    Robert E. Meyer,2 Shilajit Kundu,1 Michael Pins,2 Borko Javonovic,3 Timothy Kuzel,4 Seong-Jin Kim,5 Luk Van Parijs,6 Norm Smith,1 Larry Wong,1 Norman M...Zhang,1 Ximing Yang,2,5 Shilajit D. Kundu,1 Michael Pins,2,5 Borko Javonovic,3,5 Robert Meryer,2 Seong-Jin Kim,7 Norman M. Greenberg,8 Timothy Kuzel

  14. Early history of high-altitude physiology.

    PubMed

    West, John B

    2016-02-01

    High-altitude physiology can be said to have begun in 1644 when Torricelli described the first mercury barometer and wrote the immortal words "We live submerged at the bottom of an ocean of the element air." Interestingly, the notion of atmospheric pressure had eluded his teacher, the great Galileo. Blaise Pascal was responsible for describing the fall in pressure with increasing altitude, and Otto von Guericke gave a dramatic demonstration of the enormous force that could be developed by atmospheric pressure. Robert Boyle learned of Guericke's experiment and, with Robert Hooke, constructed the first air pump that allowed small animals to be exposed to a low pressure. Hooke also constructed a small low-pressure chamber and exposed himself to a simulated altitude of about 2400 meters. With the advent of ballooning, humans were rapidly exposed to very low pressures, sometimes with tragic results. For example, the French balloon, Zénith, rose to over 8000 m, and two of the three aeronauts succumbed to the hypoxia. Paul Bert was the first person to clearly state that the deleterious effects of high altitude were caused by the low partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), and later research was accelerated by high-altitude stations and expeditions to high altitude. © 2015 New York Academy of Sciences.

  15. Does Hooke's law work in helical nanosprings?

    PubMed

    Ben, Sudong; Zhao, Junhua; Rabczuk, Timon

    2015-08-28

    Hooke's law is a principle of physics that states that the force needed to extend a spring by some distance is proportional to that distance. The law is always valid for an initial portion of the elastic range for nearly all helical macrosprings. Here we report the sharp nonlinear force-displacement relation of tightly wound helical carbon nanotubes at even small displacement via a molecular mechanics model. We demonstrate that the van der Waals (vdW) interaction between the intertube walls dominates the nonlinear relation based on our analytical expressions. This study provides physical insights into the origin of huge nonlinearity of the helical nanosprings.

  16. An Evolutionary Algorithm to Generate Ellipsoid Detectors for Negative Selection

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2005-03-21

    of Congress on Evolutionary Computation. Honolulu,. 58. Lamont, Gary B., Robert E. Marmelstein, and David A. Van Veldhuizen . A Distributed Architecture...antibody and an antigen is a function of several processes including electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals interaction, and others [20...Kelly, Patrick M., Don R. Hush, and James M. White. “An Adaptive Algorithm for Modifying Hyperellipsoidal Decision Surfaces”. Journal of Artificial

  17. The Living Arrangements of Children of Immigrants

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Landale, Nancy S.; Thomas, Kevin J. A.; Van Hook, Jennifer

    2011-01-01

    Children of immigrants are a rapidly growing part of the U.S. child population. Their health, development, educational attainment, and social and economic integration into the nation's life will play a defining role in the nation's future. Nancy Landale, Kevin Thomas, and Jennifer Van Hook explore the challenges facing immigrant families as they…

  18. Preparation for a Clinical Trial Using Adoptive Transfer of Tumor-Reactive TGF_Beta-Insensitive CD8+ T Cells for Treatment of Prostate Cancer

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-07-01

    Park,1 Robert E. Meyer,2 Shilajit Kundu,1 Michael Pins,2 Borko Javonovic,3 Timothy Kuzel,4 Seong-Jin Kim,5 Luk Van Parijs,6 Norm Smith,1 Larry Wong,1...cycle Qiang Zhang,1 Ximing Yang,2,5 Shilajit D. Kundu,1 Michael Pins,2,5 Borko Javonovic,3,5 Robert Meryer,2 Seong-Jin Kim,7 Norman M. Greenberg,8

  19. Innovation in Carrier Aviation (Naval War College Newport Papers, 37)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-08-01

    USN counterparts had learned about strengthen- ing aircraft arresting-gear hooks to bear the loads imposed by increasingly heavy air- craft, and they... load bomber (XTB2F-1) that can operate from Essex-class carriers. Its loaded weight is about forty-five thousand pounds. 1942 The Joint Technical...with their time and their expertise. None bears responsibility for any errors in this study. Vice Adm. Robert Dunn, USN (Ret.), also read an early draft

  20. The Wiimote on the Playground

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Erickson, Michael; Ochoa, Romulo; Ochoa, Cris

    2013-01-01

    In 2010, the Wiimote was upgraded with three-axis gyroscopes that can measure rotational velocities up to 2000 deg/s. The improved remote is referred to as the Wii MotionPlus. We present experiments that use the gyroscope's capabilities and compare data acquired in lab settings with those obtained in playground environments. Van Hook et al.…

  1. Private Observatories in South Africa

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rijsdijk, C.

    2016-12-01

    Descriptions of private observatories in South Africa, written by their owners. Positions, equipment descriptions and observing programmes are given. Included are: Klein Karoo Observatory (B. Monard), Cederberg Observatory (various), Centurion Planetary and Lunar Observatory (C. Foster), Le Marischel Observatory (L. Ferreira), Sterkastaaing Observatory (M. Streicher), Henley on Klip (B. Fraser), Archer Observatory (B. Dumas), Overbeek Observatory (A. Overbeek), Overberg Observatory (A. van Staden), St Cyprian's School Observatory, Fisherhaven Small Telescope Observatory (J. Retief), COSPAR 0433 (G. Roberts), COSPAR 0434 (I. Roberts), Weltevreden Karoo Observatory (D. Bullis), Winobs (M. Shafer)

  2. Sub-Committee on Advanced Technology and Technology Transfer

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-11-01

    TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Mr. Lohar IBRLJGGER (Fed. Rep. of Germany ) Rapporteur In aauwdmnce uWWIA t&ic 3G4 fanzgph 3, ’of Ath Rules O’Prw... Germany , SPO) Members : Mr. Joao Ferraz de Abreu (Portugal, PS) Mr. Robert Aumont (France, PS) Mr. Ton van Deemelen (Netherlands, VVD) Mr. Jos van...Rep,. of, Germany , CU Mr. Jorgen Sonstebo (Norway, Christian People’s Party) International Secretariat I’...’ Mr. David Hobbs, Director, Scientific

  3. Introduction to Modern Methods in Light Microscopy.

    PubMed

    Ryan, Joel; Gerhold, Abby R; Boudreau, Vincent; Smith, Lydia; Maddox, Paul S

    2017-01-01

    For centuries, light microscopy has been a key method in biological research, from the early work of Robert Hooke describing biological organisms as cells, to the latest in live-cell and single-molecule systems. Here, we introduce some of the key concepts related to the development and implementation of modern microscopy techniques. We briefly discuss the basics of optics in the microscope, super-resolution imaging, quantitative image analysis, live-cell imaging, and provide an outlook on active research areas pertaining to light microscopy.

  4. Van der Waals model for phase transitions in thermoresponsive surface films.

    PubMed

    McCoy, John D; Curro, John G

    2009-05-21

    Phase transitions in polymeric surface films are studied with a simple model based on the van der Waals equation of state. Each chain is modeled by a single bead attached to the surface by an entropic-Hooke's law spring. The surface coverage is controlled by adjusting the chemical potential, and the equilibrium density profile is calculated with density functional theory. The interesting feature of this model is the multivalued nature of the density profile seen at low temperature. This van der Waals loop behavior is resolved with a Maxwell construction between a high-density phase near the wall and a low-density phase in a "vertical" phase transition. Signatures of the phase transition in experimentally measurable quantities are then found. Numerical calculations are presented for isotherms of surface pressure, for the Poisson ratio, and for the swelling ratio.

  5. Classification of Electrocardiogram Using SOM, LVQ and Beat Detection Methods in Localization of Cardiac Arrhythmias

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2001-10-25

    34 An Introduction to statsitical signal processing". Stanford University and University of Maryland, 1996 [8]Donna Van Wynsberge, Charles R. Noback , Robert Carola " Human Anatomy and Physiology" third edition, 1996

  6. 78 FR 10692 - Quarterly Publication of Individuals, Who Have Chosen To Expatriate, as Required by Section 6039G

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-14

    ... ROBERT DANIEL HESS JOCELYN CAMPOS HIGHFIELD TUCKER M JONSSON N STEPHAN W LEUNG JANICE T L LEVY-LANG... SCHMITH SCOTT CHARLES SHOLSETH THOMAS JOSEPH SIGG ALFRED STEWART HOLLY DAWN STUDER ANTON ALOIS VAN...

  7. Advanced 3D Optical Microscopy in ENS Research.

    PubMed

    Vanden Berghe, Pieter

    2016-01-01

    Microscopic techniques are among the few approaches that have survived the test of time. Being invented half way the seventeenth century by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke, this technology is still essential in modern biomedical labs. Many microscopy techniques have been used in ENS research to guide researchers in their dissections and later to enable electrode recordings. Apart from this, microscopy has been instrumental in the identification of subpopulations of cells in the ENS, using a variety of staining methods. A significant step forward in the use of microscopy was the introduction of fluorescence approaches. Due to the fact that intense excitation light is now filtered away from the longer wavelength emission light, the contrast can be improved drastically, which helped to identify subpopulations of enteric neurons in a variety of species. Later functionalized fluorescent probes were used to measure and film activity in muscle and neuronal cells. Another important impetus to the use of microscopy was the discovery and isolation of the green fluorescent protein (GFP), as it gave rise to the development of many different color variants and functionalized constructs. Recent advances in microscopy are the result of a continuous search to enhance contrast between the item of interest and its background but also to improve resolving power to tell two small objects apart. In this chapter three different microscopy approaches will be discussed that can aid to improve our understanding of ENS function within the gut wall.

  8. Through the High-Tech Looking Glass | Center for Cancer Research

    Cancer.gov

    Science begins with observation; scientists have made telescopes to examine things farther away than the eye can see and microscopes to examine things invisible to human vision. Since Robert Hooke in the 17th century used the first microscope to document the existence of living cells, advances in cell biology have been tied to ever more innovative tools for visualizing and analyzing the microscopic world. CCR scientists continue to creatively expand the boundaries of observation to answer longstanding and diverse questions about the inner workings of cells.

  9. A Research Program in Computer Technology

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1975-09-01

    Dale M. Chase Neil M. Goldman Jeannette Christen~sen Norton R. Green feld Kathie Cole grove John F. Heafner Nancy Dechter James Koda Oralio E. Garza...Thomas L. Boynton Stephen L. Casner E. Randolph Cole James Koda Robert Parker Paul Raveling Dono Van-Mierop Research Assistant: John K. Kastner

  10. Service-Learning. National Dropout Prevention Center/Network Newsletter. Volume 22, Number 4

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Duckenfield, Marty, Ed.

    2011-01-01

    The "National Dropout Prevention Newsletter" is published quarterly by the National Dropout Prevention Center/Network. This issue contains the following articles: (1) Dropouts and Democracy (Robert Shumer); (2) 2011 NDPN Crystal Star Winners; (3) Service-Learning as Dropout Intervention and More (Michael VanKeulen); and (4) Teacher…

  11. Analysis of a novel class of predictive microbial growth models and application to coculture growth.

    PubMed

    Poschet, F; Vereecken, K M; Geeraerd, A H; Nicolaï, B M; Van Impe, J F

    2005-04-15

    In this paper, a novel class of microbial growth models is analysed. In contrast with the currently used logistic type models (e.g., the model of Baranyi and Roberts [Baranyi, J., Roberts, T.A., 1994. A dynamic approach to predicting bacterial growth in food. International Journal of Food Microbiology 23, 277-294]), the novel model class, presented in Van Impe et al. (Van Impe, J.F., Poschet, F., Geeraerd, A.H., Vereecken, K.M., 2004. Towards a novel class of predictive microbial growth models. International Journal of Food Microbiology, this issue), explicitly incorporates nutrient exhaustion and/or metabolic waste product effects inducing stationary phase behaviour. As such, these novel model types can be extended in a natural way towards microbial interactions in cocultures and microbial growth in structured foods. Two illustrative case studies of the novel model types are thoroughly analysed and compared to the widely used model of Baranyi and Roberts. In a first case study, the stationary phase is assumed to be solely resulting from toxic product inhibition and is described as a function of the pH-evolution. In the second case study, substrate exhaustion is the sole cause of the stationary phase. Finally, a more complex case study of a so-called P-model is presented, dealing with a coculture inhibition of Listeria innocua mediated by lactic acid production of Lactococcus lactis.

  12. Institute for the Study of Human Capabilities

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1993-05-31

    Perception of Multidimensional Patterns 7/1/92 - 6/30/95 J. C. Craig - $72,952 (Subcontract with Gallaudet University) 5 I 53 I NIH PHS NIDCD DC0O-1 11-16...University, Bloomington, IN. 121. Port, Robert and Timothy van Gelder (1991) Representing aspects of language. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society

  13. When Research Criticizes an Industry

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Blumenstyk, Goldie

    2007-01-01

    When Robert W. Van Kirk released a study in January about selenium contamination in trout streams in southeastern Idaho, he expected some flak from the influential phosphate-mining industry. He did not expect to feel pressured by the administration of his own institution, Idaho State University, where he is an associate professor of mathematics.…

  14. Marine Vortices and Their Computation

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2003-03-01

    have received attention, the HSVA [23] and the KRISO KVLCC2 tankers. Strong bilge vortices have a distinctive hook pattern in the axial velocity...contours at the propeller plane, as shown in Fig. 2 for the KRISO KVLCC2 from the experimental data of Van et al [24]. The HSVA tanker was the focus of a...quite well with nonisotropic Reynolds stress turbulence models. This was reiterated for the KRISO KVLCC2 Tanker which was a validation test case for the

  15. Cell motility under the microscope: Vorsprung durch Technik.

    PubMed

    Dunn, Graham A; Jones, Gareth E

    2004-08-01

    The fashion today is to disparage technology-led research but our view is that cell biologists, in particular, should be proud of their 'progress through technology'. The 'cell theory' itself, arguably the oldest cornerstone in the theoretical foundations of biology, emerged because Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek and others had, more than a century earlier, pioneered the enabling technology--the microscope. We develop this theme with reference to our own field of research: the locomotion of cultured tissue cells.

  16. BOOK REVIEW: Robert Hooke and the Royal Society

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Brown, Neil

    2000-01-01

    Many physics students only come across Hooke when they learn his law of stretching springs, which is a pity because it is just one of his contributions to progress in science, and a minor one at that. His, Micrographia, the first great book of microscopical observations, arouses admiration to this day. He was also active in horology, astronomy, geology and surveying, and he took part in biological experiments, transfusing blood between animals. Much of his work was done while he was curator of experiments for the Royal Society, in which he was involved almost from its foundation. This was by no means a full-time occupation, however. After the Great Fire of London, Hooke was appointed one of the three surveyors for the rebuilding of the city. One of the others was Christopher Wren, a lifelong friend. In this role Hooke was responsible for the design of several buildings, including the Monument. Nichols writes about all these activities, as well as Hooke's childhood, his education at Westminster School, the University of Oxford when Hooke was an undergraduate, and the founding of the Royal Society. The book draws on research for a master's degree. Turning a dissertation into a popular book is risky. The author has avoided the pitfall of making it too academic, but the result is not satisfying. Nichols seems overawed by Hooke and his work, frequently seeming to credit Hooke with a far-reaching influence that he did not necessarily have. There may be a case for lauding Hooke as the father of English microscopy, the father of English meteorology, and the founder of English geology and earth sciences, but it needs to be made much more critically, even in a popular work. Hooke was full of good ideas, but he rarely continued long enough to put them into practice. There is no doubt that Hooke proposed using a balance wheel and spring to improve the timekeeping of a watch, for example, but he did not have a watch made to his design until after Christiaan Huygens had independently devised a similar mechanism and published it. Hooke did propose a marine chronometer to solve the (already well understood) problem of finding longitude at sea, but it was John Harrison, decades later, who built a chronometer, and there is not the slightest reason to believe he owed anything to Hooke. The book records Hooke's activities, but is devoid of comment or analysis. The casual cruelty (by modern standards) to the animals used in the blood transfusion experiments passes without remark. The chapter about Oxford University reads almost like entries from a biographical dictionary. The purpose of this and the following chapter on the founding of the Royal Society only becomes apparent at the end, if the reader has not lost interest by then. Expert opinion acknowledges that the popular belief that Wren was primarily responsible for the rebuilding of the City of London undervalues Hooke's work, but Nichols, in his unwavering support for Hooke, glosses over the genuine problems of disentangling their contributions. The disputes between Hooke and Newton are well known, and no-one suggests that Newton was a pleasant person, but the unpleasantness was not all on one side. Historians agree that Hooke was a difficult man. There are no numbered references or notes, a not unusual policy in a popular book, but many sources (most of them secondary) are mentioned in the text. They do not help to make it read well, and the details are incomplete, but so are the details of many of the items listed in the bibliography. An index would be useful, but it is lacking. There are signs in a number of places that the book has not been carefully revised and edited. This ought to be a book to recommend to young students, but it would fail to inspire them. This is a pity, because there is no doubt that Hooke was one of the towering figures of the beginning of the scientific revolution. The fledgling Royal Society might not have survived without the experiments and demonstrations he provided. Historians know this but it deserves to be more widely recognized.

  17. The Graded Unfolding Model: A Unidimensional Item Response Model for Unfolding Graded Responses.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Roberts, James S.; Laughlin, James E.

    Binary or graded disagree-agree responses to attitude items are often collected for the purpose of attitude measurement. Although such data are sometimes analyzed with cumulative measurement models, recent investigations suggest that unfolding models are more appropriate (J. S. Roberts, 1995; W. H. Van Schuur and H. A. L. Kiers, 1994). Advances in…

  18. Robert Jemison Van de Graaff was born on December 20, 1901 in Tuscaloosa,

    Science.gov Websites

    received the Duddel Medal of the Physical Society of Great Britain. In 1951 Luis W. Alvarez of the advanced nuclear physics" by the American Physical Society. The prize was named for a scientist who ; Physical Review, Volume 38, 1931, pp. 1919-1920. "Electrostatic Generators for the Acceleration of

  19. A brief overview of current relationships of geography, statistics, and taxonomy with the classical integrated control concept

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    A classic paper on the integrated control concept appeared in the later part of the 1950’s, led by Vernon Stern, Ray Smith, Robert van den Bosch, and Kenneth Hagen. Numerous concepts and definitions were formulated at that time. In this presentation, a short philosophical summary will be presented...

  20. Margaret Cavendish's materialist critique of van Helmontian chymistry.

    PubMed

    Clucas, Stephen

    2011-03-01

    A striking omission in the scholarship on the reception of the chymical philosophy of Jan Baptista van Helmont in England in the seventeenth century is the work of the mid-seventeenth-century natural philosopher Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle. In her Philosophical Letters (1664), Cavendish offers an extended critique of Van Helmont's work (whose Ortus Medicince had recently been translated into English by John Sadler). In this paper, I compare Cavendish's criticisms with those of Robert Boyle in his Sceptical Chymist (1661). Both Boyle and Cavendish attacked Van Helmont for the obscurity of his chymical vocabulary and concepts, and attacked his seminalism. Although their critiques had much in common, they diverged in their attitudes to Van Helmont's experiments. As an opponent of the experimental philosophy, Cavendish had little interest in the quality of Van Helmont's experimental claims, whereas Boyle was critical of their unreplicability. I also try to show that the two writers had very different polemical agendas, with Boyle defending his vision of chymistry based on a corpuscularian natural philosophy, and Cavendish being as much concerned with establishing her religious orthodoxy as with defending the truth claims of her own materialist vitalism. For Cavendish, Van Helmont was an example of the dangers of mingling theology and natural philosophy.

  1. Maintenance of Marine Structures: A State of the Art Summary

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1993-05-01

    Edward K(adala Mr. David L Stocks Mr. William Hanzelek Mr. Allen H. Enose Mr. Peter Tkmonin MILTAY SAUIECOMANDMRTIEA U. S. COAST GUARD Mr. Robert E. Van... Musher of areu block, III-Nwmber of usrew block e block i NI-’nwaber of cycles -. Azifre da/dn-F(K.,-K..) or the crack growth rate is some function of

  2. Hippocrates' complaint and the scientific ethos in early modern England.

    PubMed

    Yeo, Richard

    2018-04-01

    Among the elements of the modern scientific ethos, as identified by R.K. Merton and others, is the commitment of individual effort to a long-term inquiry that may not bring substantial results in a lifetime. The challenge this presents was encapsulated in the aphorism of the ancient Greek physician, Hippocrates of Kos: vita brevis, ars longa (life is short, art is long). This article explores how this complaint was answered in the early modern period by Francis Bacon's call for the inauguration of the sciences over several generations, thereby imagining a succession of lives added together over time. However, Bacon also explored another response to Hippocrates: the devotion of a 'whole life', whether brief or long, to science. The endorsement of long-term inquiry in combination with intensive lifetime involvement was embraced by some leading Fellows of the Royal Society, such as Robert Boyle and Robert Hooke. The problem for individuals, however, was to find satisfaction in science despite concerns, in some fields, that current observations and experiments would not yield material able to be extended by future investigations.

  3. Weapon-Specific Strategic Material Estimation Process (WSSMEP)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-12-01

    Whitley for his insightful review and comments. We also want to thank the editor, Mr. John Everett , and Ms. Barbara Varvaglione for production...Institute for Defense Analyses, 2013. Thomason, Jim, Jim Bell , Eleanor Schwartz, Bob Atwell, Dick Van Atta, Nicholas Karvonides, Zack Rabold, Tiki...sources for more detailed documentation material. 41 Appendix A References Thomason, James S., Robert J. Atwell, D. Sean Burnett, James P. Bell

  4. Les nanostructures pour créer de la couleur, un art inspiré par la nature

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ball, Philip

    2018-02-01

    Les reflets changeants des plumes de la queue du paon ont captivé plus d'un esprit curieux. Le scientifique anglais Robert Hooke les qualifiait en 1665 de « surnaturelles » en constatant que, mouillées, elles perdaient leurs couleurs. À l'aide du microscope inventé depuis peu, il observa ces plumes, et découvrit qu'elles étaient couvertes de stries - qu'il suspecta d'être à l'origine des couleurs. Aujourd'hui, la recherche tente de s'inspirer de ces phénomènes : des applications « bio-inspirées » sont en voie de concrétisation. ARRAY(0x29ad218)

  5. STS-27 Atlantis, OV-104, terminal countdown demonstration test (TCDT) at KSC

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1988-11-14

    S88-53244 (14 Nov 1988) --- The crewmembers for STS-27 leave the operations and checkout (O&C) building en route to a transfer van that will take them to Launch Pad 39B for their terminal countdown demonstration test. From the front to the rear are astronauts Robert L. Gibson, Guy S. Gardner, William M. Shepherd, Richard M. (Mike) Mullane and Jerry L. Ross.

  6. Local, Regional and Large Scale Integrated Networks

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1975-08-01

    e.g., [Abramson, 1970, 1973, Kleinrock, 1973, Kleinrock, 1975, Roberts, 1973, Gitman , 19𔃿] , have shown that this "fixed assignment" of the...Abramson, 1973, ■- Kleinrock, 1973]), or intentionally avoid the issue of packet routing by proper assumptions [ Gitman , 1975]. The issue of...Communications Sys- tems," Memorandum RM-4781-PR, The Rand Corpora- tion, February 1966. Frank, H., I. Gitman , R. Van Slyke, "Pc-jket I.adio System

  7. 60 year anniversary of Explorer 1 launch

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2018-01-31

    The successful launch of Explorer 1 from Cape Canaveral Florida Jan. 31, 1958, marked the beginning of U.S. space exploration. NASA and the U.S. Air Force 45th Space Wing commemorated the historic launch on Wednesday, Jan. 31, at the Air Force Space and Missile Museum on CCAFS. The museum is located at the launch site where this pioneering mission began. The primary science instrument on board was a cosmic ray detector, which led to Explorer principal investigator James Van Allen's discovery of Earth’s radiation belts, later named the Van Allen belts in his honor. The event speakers included Brig. Gen. Wayne Monteith, commander, 45th Space Wing; Robert Cabana, director, NASA Kennedy Space Center; and John Meisenheimer, Explorer 1 launch weather officer.

  8. Bureau of Land Management Museum Collections: Select Status Report

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1998-01-01

    Collier , princi- pal investigator, and James W. VanStone, proj-Theodore P. Bank II and Robert Maher are cited ect director, for work at the village of...Western Michi- Knecht, Richard, director, Alutiiq Cultural Cen- gan University, (616) 387-3969 ter, (907) 486-1992 or 486-1942 Gentis, Thierry ...information be submitted. A printout of the permit data was submitted to her Summary of Contacts office. Williams provided completed question- Thierry

  9. STS-51B CREW PORTRAIT

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1984-10-24

    S84-43852 (November 1984) --- These seven men have been training for NASA’s Spacelab 3/STS-51B mission scheduled for launch in late April 1985. On the front row are astronauts Robert F. Overmyer (left), commander; and Frederick D. Gregory, pilot. On the back row, left to right, are Don L. Lind, mission specialist; Taylor G. Wang, payload specialist; Norman E. Thagard and William E. Thornton, both mission specialists; and Lodewijk van den Berg, payload specialist.

  10. The Chinese Nail Murders: forensic medicine in Imperial China.

    PubMed Central

    Summers, W. C.

    1999-01-01

    Robert van Gulik was a respected Dutch sinologist and author who first translated a collection of traditional Chinese detective stories into English and then created additional fictional stories based on the same characters and setting in the Tang dynasty. One of these stories, The Chinese Nail Murders, draws on van Gulik's professional interest in law and his knowledge of early Chinese works on forensic medicine. This novel develops a common theme in Chinese detective fiction, murder by a nail wound to the head. The difficulty in detection of this mode of violence posed a particular problem for the examining magistrate because postmortem examination was mostly limited to external observations. This essay compares the development of Chinese and Western forensic medicine in the context of the nail murder motif. PMID:11138936

  11. United States Air Force Graduate Student Research Program. 1989 Program Technical Report. Volume 2

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-12-01

    Patterson Air Force Base) 1. Fred Arnold 4. Jon Longtin 2. Duane Daddis 5. John McCord 3. Robert Gabruk 6. Scott VanDam ARMAMENT LABORATORY (ATL) ( Eglin Air...Report as Dr. Beryl Barber *** Engineering and Services Center 22 Effects of Jet Aircraft Noise on Jon Zern Domestic Goats 23 Contaminant Flux...Pertaining to Ground Water Contamination and Laboratory Quality Control *** Same Report as Dr. Barbara Alvin * School of Aerospace Medicine 93

  12. Evaluation of ADD392124 for the Delayed Treatment of Nerve Agent-Induced Status Epilepticus Seizures

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-09-01

    Induced Status Epilepticus Seizures John H. McDonough Kerry E. Van Shura Megan E. Lyman Claire G. Eisner Amelia Mazza Robert K. Kan Tsung...TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Evaluation of ADD392124 for the delayed treatment of nerve agent-induced status epilepticus seizures 5b... status epilepticus seizures. We evaluated the ability of ADD392124 to control seizures induced by the nerve agent soman. Rats were exposed to a

  13. Small-scale spatial cognition in pigeons.

    PubMed

    Cheng, Ken; Spetch, Marcia L; Kelly, Debbie M; Bingman, Verner P

    2006-05-01

    Roberts and Van Veldhuizen's [Roberts, W.A., Van Veldhuizen, N., 1985. Spatial memory in pigeons on the radial maze. J. Exp. Psychol.: Anim. Behav. Proc. 11, 241-260] study on pigeons in the radial maze sparked research on landmark use by pigeons in lab-based tasks as well as variants of the radial-maze task. Pigeons perform well on open-field versions of the radial maze, with feeders scattered on the laboratory floor. Pigeons can also be trained to search precisely for buried food. The search can be based on multiple landmarks, but is sometimes controlled by just one or two landmarks, with the preferred landmarks varying across individuals. Findings are similar in landmark-based searching on a computer monitor and on a lab floor, despite many differences between the two kinds of tasks. A number of general learning principles are found in landmark-based searching, such as cue competition, generalization and peak shift, and selective attention. Pigeons also learn the geometry of the environment in which they are searching. Neurophysiological studies have implicated the hippocampal formation (HF) in avian spatial cognition, with the right hippocampus hypothesized to play a more important role in the spatial recognition of goal locations. Most recently, single-cell recording from the pigeon's hippocampal formation has revealed cells with different properties from the classic 'place' cells of rats, as well as differences in the two sides of the hippocampus.

  14. KSC-08pd1524

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2008-05-31

    CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- A group from the first graduating class of astronauts after the Apollo program gathers at the Banana River viewing site at NASA's Kennedy Space Center before the launch of space shuttle Discovery on its STS-124 mission. In 1978 a new group of 35 astronauts was selected after nine years without new astronauts. The pilots were Daniel Brandenstein, Michael Coats, Richard Covey, John Creighton, Robert Gibson, Frederick D. Gregory, Frederick Hauck, Jon McBride, Francis "Dick" Scobee, Brewster Shaw, Loren Shriver, David Walker and Donald Williams. The mission specialists were Guion Bluford, James Buchli, John Fabian, Anna Fisher, Dale Gardner, S. David Griggs, Terry Hart, Steven Hawley, Jeffrey Hoffman, Shannon Lucid, Ronald McNair, Richard Mullane, Steven Nagel, George Nelson, Ellison Onizuka, Judith Resnik, Sally Ride, Rhea Seddon, Robert Stewart, Kathryn D. Sullivan, Norman Thagard and James van Hoften. Since then, a new group has been selected roughly every two years. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

  15. Astronaut Candiates - 1978 Shuttle Program

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2010-01-25

    S78-26481 (January 1978) --- This is a montage of the individual portraits of the 35-member 1978 class of astronaut candidates. From left to right are Guion S. Bluford, Daniel C. Brandenstein, James F. Buchli, Michael L. Coats, Richard O. Covey, John O. Creighton, John M. Fabian, Anna L. Fisher, Dale A. Gardner, Robert L. Gibson, Frederick D. Gregory, S. David Griggs, Terry J. Hart, Frederick H. (Rick) Hauck, Steven A. Hawley, Jeffrey A. Hoffman, Shannon W. Lucid, Jon A. McBride, Ronald E. McNair, Richard M. (Mike) Mullane, Steven R. Nagel, George D. Nelson, Ellison S. Onizuka, Judith A. Resnik, Sally K. Ride, Francis R. (Dick) Scobee, Rhea Seddon, Brewster H. Shaw Jr., Loren J. Shriver, Robert L. Stewart, Kathryn D. Sullivan, Norman E. Thagard, James D. Van Hoften, David M. Walker and Donald E. Williams. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

  16. The comeback of hand drawing in modern life sciences.

    PubMed

    Chabrier, Renaud; Janke, Carsten

    2018-03-01

    Scientific manuscripts are full of images. Since the birth of the life sciences, these images were in a form of hand drawings, with great examples from da Vinci, Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek, Remak, Buffon, Bovery, Darwin, Huxley, Haeckel and Gray's Anatomy to name a few. However, in the course of the past century, photographs and simplified schematics have gradually taken over as a way of illustrating scientific data and concepts, assuming that these are 'accurate' representations of the truth. Here, we argue for the importance of reviving the art of scientific drawings as a way of effectively communicating complex scientific ideas to both specialists and the general public.

  17. Prospective Study of Respiratory Infections at the U.S. Naval Academy

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2001-09-01

    conducting the .findings were significant in demonstrating infection cause and study at the U.S. Naval Academy: Tomoko Hooper, MD MPH; Richard Jhe large...leven M, Ursi D, Van Bever H, Quint W, Niesters HG, Goossens H: Detection of disease. J Infect Dis 1992; 166: 365-73. Mycoplasmapneumoniaeby two...6. AUTHORS 5d. Project Number: Gregory C. Gray, MD, MPH; Robert G. Schultz, MD; Gary D. Gackstetter, DVM, 5e. Task Number: PhD; Richard Thomas, MD

  18. Investigation of Optical Fibers for Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Spectroscopy in Reacting Flows (Postprint)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-03-01

    applications. Springer, Netherlands Pronko PP, VanRompay PA, Horvath C, Loesel F, Juhasz T, Liu X, Mourou G (1998) Avalanche ionization and dielectric Exp...Birks TA, Russell PSJ, Roberts PJ, Allan DC (1999) Single-mode photonic band gap guidance of light in air. Science 285:1537–1539 Du D, Liu X, Mourou G ...Lowdermilk WH, Milam D (1984) Review of ultraviolet damage threshold measurements at Lawrence Livemore National Labo- ratory. Proc SPIE 476:143–162 Mann G

  19. Annual SO/LIC Symposium and Exhibition (22nd) Held in Washington, DC on February 8-9, 2011

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-02-09

    COL Fitz Fitzpatrick, USA, U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School KEYNOTE ADDRESS: Joint, Interagency, and Multi...Center  COL Fitz Fitzpatrick, USA, U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School 11:45 AM - 1:15 PM Networking Lunch...Joulwan • Richard Kohn • John Lehman • John Keane • Alice Maroni • John Nagl • Robert Scales • James Talent • Paul Van Riper • Larry Welch

  20. STS 41-G crew prepares to leave Operations and checkout bldg for launch

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1984-10-05

    41G-90081 / S17-90081 (5 Oct 1984) --- The seven member crew leaves the Operations and Checkout Building (OCB) to take a van ride to the launch pad. Leading the way is Kathryn D. Sullivan followed in file by Robert L. Crippen, Paul D. Scully-Power and Jon A. McBride. On the right side are Sally K. Ride, David C. Leestma and Marc Garneau. Trailing the crew are George W. S. Abbey, Richard Nygren, Paul Bulver, and Paul J. Weitz.

  1. Intelligent Microscopes: Recent And Near-Future Advances

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Prewitt, Judith M. S.

    1980-02-01

    Robert Hooke conjectured about fluid circulation in plants as well as in animals in Micrographia in a passage that is equally important as a commentary on the dependence, not of technology on science, but of science on technology: It seems very probable that Nature has ... very many appropriated instruments and contrivances, whereby to bring her designs and end to pass, which 'tis not improbable but that some diligent observer, if helped with better Microscopes, may in time detect.This paper, written in the form of a scientific poem, reviews the current and near- future state-of-the-art of automated intelligent microscopes based on computer science and technology. The basic concepts of computer intelligence for cytology and histology are presented and elaborated. Limitations of commercial devices and research proto- types are examined (Dx), and remedies are suggested (Rx). The course of action pro- posed and being undertaken constitutes an original contribution toward advancing the state-of-the-science, in the hope of advancing the state-of-the-art of medicine.With rapid, contemporary advances in both science and technology, it may now be appropriate to modify Hooke's passage:It seems very probable that Nature has ... very many appropriated instruments and contrivances, whereby to bring her designs and end to pass, which 'tis not improbable but that some diligent observer, if helped with Intelligent Microscopes, may in time detect.

  2. Long-wavelength Instability in Surface-tension-driven Bénard Convection

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    van Hook, Stephen J.

    1997-03-01

    Laboratory experiments and numerical simulations reveal that a liquid layer heated from below and possessing a free upper surface can undergo a long-wavelength deformational instability that causes rupture of the interface.(S. J. VanHook, M. F. Schatz, W. D. McCormick, J. B. Swift, and H. L. Swinney, Phys. Rev. Lett.) 75, 4397 (1995). Depending on the depth and thermal conductivity of the liquid and the overlying gas layer, the interface can rupture downwards and form a dry spot or rupture upwards and form a high spot. This long-wavelength instability competes with the formation of Bénard hexagons for thin or viscous liquid layers, or for liquid layers in microgravity.

  3. Shuttle Challenger landing on Runway 17 at Edwards at end of 51-B mission

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1985-05-06

    51B-S-071 (6 May 1985) --- The Space Shuttle Challenger lands on Runway 17 at Edwards Air Force Base to complete a week in space for its seven-member crew and a variety of payload. The vehicle stopped at 9:12:05 a.m. (PDT), May 6, 1985. Onboard were astronauts Robert F. Overmyer, Frederick D. Gregory, Don L. Lind, Norman E. Thagard and William E. Thornton of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); and payload specialists Lodewijk van den Berg and Taylor G. Wang.

  4. KSC-08pd1526

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2008-05-31

    CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- All eyes look skyward as space shuttle Discovery launches on its STS-124 mission. The group gathered here at the Banana River viewing site at NASA's Kennedy Space Center are members of the first graduating class of astronauts after the Apollo program. In 1978 a new group of 35 astronauts was selected after nine years without new astronauts. The pilots were Daniel Brandenstein, Michael Coats, Richard Covey, John Creighton, Robert Gibson, Frederick D. Gregory, Frederick Hauck, Jon McBride, Francis "Dick" Scobee, Brewster Shaw, Loren Shriver, David Walker and Donald Williams. The mission specialists were Guion Bluford, James Buchli, John Fabian, Anna Fisher, Dale Gardner, S. David Griggs, Terry Hart, Steven Hawley, Jeffrey Hoffman, Shannon Lucid, Ronald McNair, Richard Mullane, Steven Nagel, George Nelson, Ellison Onizuka, Judith Resnik, Sally Ride, Rhea Seddon, Robert Stewart, Kathryn D. Sullivan, Norman Thagard and James van Hoften. Since then, a new group has been selected roughly every two years. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

  5. CREW CANDIDATES - SHUTTLE - JSC

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1977-01-31

    S78-26569 (31 Jan. 1978) --- The 35 new astronaut candidates, presented Jan. 31, 1978, in the Building 2 auditorium at NASA's Johnson Space Center, pose for photographers. They are arranged in alphabetical order with top left as beginning point and bottom right as stopping point. They are Guion S. Bluford, Daniel C. Brandenstein, James F. Buchli, Michael L. Coats, Richard O. Covey, John O. Creighton, John M. Fabian, Anna L. Fisher, Dale A. Gardner, Robert L. Gibson, Frederick D. Gregory, S. David Griggs, Terry J. Hart, Frederick H. (Rick) Hauck, Steven A. Hawley, Jeffrey A. Hoffman, Shannon W. Lucid, Jon A. McBride, Ronald E. McNair, Richard M. (Mike) Mullane, Steven R. Nagel, George D. Nelson, Ellison S. Onizuka, Judith A. Resnik, Sally K. Ride, Francis R. (Dick) Scobee, Rhea Seddon, Brewster H. Shaw Jr., Loren J. Shriver, Robert L. Stewart, Kathryn D. Sullivan, Norman E. Thagard, James D. van Hoften, David M. Walker and Donald E. Williams. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

  6. Cavisoma magnum (Cavisomidae), a unique Pacific acanthocephalan redescribed from an unusual host, Mugil cephalus (Mugilidae), in the Arabian Gulf, with notes on histopathology and metal analysis

    PubMed Central

    Amin, Omar M.; Heckmann, Richard A.; Bannai, Majid A.

    2018-01-01

    Cavisoma magnum (Southwell, 1927) Van Cleave, 1931 was originally described from a sea bass, Serranus sp. and spotted surgeonfish, Ctenochaetus strigosus (Perciformes) off Sri Lanka before its more recent redescription from milkfish in the Philippines in 1995. These reports were based on only light infections of their host fishes. Of the few flathead grey mullets, Mugil cephalus (Mugilidae), that we examined in the Arabian Gulf, one fish was infected with 1,450 worms. One milkfish, Chanos chanos (Chanidae), from the same location in the Arabian Gulf, was also heavily infected with specimens of C. magnum. The descriptions of this unique large worm are revised and for the first time, we provide SEM images, new systematic observations, metal analysis of hooks showing extremely high levels of sulfur, and histopathology in the mullet intestinal tissue. Adjustments and corrections of previous descriptive accounts are made. The histopathology studies show extensive damage to the host intestinal tissue including epithelial necrosis, hemorrhaging and worm encapsulation. There is an extensive amount of host connective tissue surrounding the worm. Results of x-ray analysis displayed high levels of sulfur in proboscis hooks, especially at the tips and edges of these attachment structures. PMID:29424340

  7. Catenary optics for achromatic generation of perfect optical angular momentum

    PubMed Central

    Pu, Mingbo; Li, Xiong; Ma, Xiaoliang; Wang, Yanqin; Zhao, Zeyu; Wang, Changtao; Hu, Chenggang; Gao, Ping; Huang, Cheng; Ren, Haoran; Li, Xiangping; Qin, Fei; Yang, Jing; Gu, Min; Hong, Minghui; Luo, Xiangang

    2015-01-01

    The catenary is the curve that a free-hanging chain assumes under its own weight, and thought to be a “true mathematical and mechanical form” in architecture by Robert Hooke in the 1670s, with nevertheless no significant phenomena observed in optics. We show that the optical catenary can serve as a unique building block of metasurfaces to produce continuous and linear phase shift covering [0, 2π], a mission that is extremely difficult if not impossible for state-of-the-art technology. Via catenary arrays, planar optical devices are designed and experimentally characterized to generate various kinds of beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). These devices can operate in an ultra-broadband spectrum because the anisotropic modes associated with the spin-orbit interaction are almost independent of the incident light frequency. By combining the optical and topological characteristics, our approach would allow the complete control of photons within a single nanometric layer. PMID:26601283

  8. A brief chronicle of cytology: from Janssen to Papanicolaou and beyond.

    PubMed

    Diamantis, Aristides; Beloukas, Apostolos I; Kalogeraki, Alexandra M; Magiorkinis, Emmanouil

    2013-06-01

    The aim of our study was to outline and present the major hallmarks in the history of clinical cytology. For this purpose, an extensive research in modern literature and the PubMed database was undertaken. Furthermore, we studied original papers and books of the pioneers in cytopathology. The development of the first microscope by Hans and Sacharias Janssen is a hallmark in biological sciences, since the study of microcosmos was made feasible. From the discovery of single cells by Robert Hooke and the cell theory by Schleiden and Schwann till the establishment of exfoliative cytology by George Papanicolaou and the invention of fine-needle aspiration biopsy technique by Martin and Ellis, there is a three-century continuum of important discoveries and research. Today, flow cytometry and the introduction of molecular techniques have revolutionized medicine and are expected to change the face of cytology in the near future. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  9. Catenary optics for achromatic generation of perfect optical angular momentum.

    PubMed

    Pu, Mingbo; Li, Xiong; Ma, Xiaoliang; Wang, Yanqin; Zhao, Zeyu; Wang, Changtao; Hu, Chenggang; Gao, Ping; Huang, Cheng; Ren, Haoran; Li, Xiangping; Qin, Fei; Yang, Jing; Gu, Min; Hong, Minghui; Luo, Xiangang

    2015-10-01

    The catenary is the curve that a free-hanging chain assumes under its own weight, and thought to be a "true mathematical and mechanical form" in architecture by Robert Hooke in the 1670s, with nevertheless no significant phenomena observed in optics. We show that the optical catenary can serve as a unique building block of metasurfaces to produce continuous and linear phase shift covering [0, 2π], a mission that is extremely difficult if not impossible for state-of-the-art technology. Via catenary arrays, planar optical devices are designed and experimentally characterized to generate various kinds of beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). These devices can operate in an ultra-broadband spectrum because the anisotropic modes associated with the spin-orbit interaction are almost independent of the incident light frequency. By combining the optical and topological characteristics, our approach would allow the complete control of photons within a single nanometric layer.

  10. STS-27 Atlantis, OV-104, terminal countdown demonstration test (TCDT) at KSC

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1988-01-01

    STS-27 Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104, crewmembers participate in the terminal countdown demonstration test (TCDT) at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Commander Robert L. Gibson, waving to spectators and followed by Pilot Guy S. Gardner, Mission Specialist (MS) William M. Shepherd, MS Richard M. Mullane, and MS Jerry L. Ross, leads crew from the Operations and Checkout (O and C) Building to ground transportation van. In the very back of the group and just exiting through doorway are Donald R. Puddy (left) and astronaut Daniel C. Brandenstein. Crewmembers are wearing orange launch and entry suits (LESs).

  11. Crew portrait during 51-B mission

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1985-05-02

    51B-101-025 (29 April-6 May 1985) --- A new twist to the traditional on-orbit group portrait was added by the 51-B/Spacelab 3 crewmembers. Note the Gold T-shirts of ?Gold? team members Robert F. Overmyer (bottom left), Don L. Lind (behind Overmyer), William E. Thornton (bottom right) and Taylor G. Wang (behind Thornton). Posting ?upside down? are ?silver? team members (L-R) Frederick D. Gregory, Norman E. Thagard and Lodewijk van den Berg. The seven are in the Long Science Module for Spacelab 3 in the cargo bay of the earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Challenger.

  12. Metastable Transition Metal Alloys Produced by Rapid Quenching: Structure and Properties.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-01-01

    three amorphous o .9-f 00 alloys which span the rare earth series: Ce6sA13 5 , - Pr65 A13s end Dy6SA135. Direct comparisons can be made with the...circles - saiple cooled below ver’,us temperature, T. A sinilar plot was ob:ained the orderiij temperature in zero magnetic field, for Pr65 A135 . 72...New York. 16R. B. Roberts. Philos. Mag. 36. 91 (1977). 1969), Vol. 23. p. 183 . 17J. G. Cook. M. L. Laubitz. and M. P. Van der Meer, J. 23See K. H

  13. Resonance Fluorescence of a Two-Level Atom Near a Metal Surface. II. Case of a Strong Driving Field,

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-02-01

    XYH thanks Prof. M. G. Raymer for a useful discussion. REFERENCES 1. X. Y. Huang, J. Lin and T. F. George, J. Chem. Phys., 80, 893 (1984). 2. X. Y...Mollow, Phys. Rev. A, 15, 1023 (1977). 12. J. L. Carlsten, A. Sz6ke and M. G. Raymer , Phys. Rev. A, 15, 1029 (1977). 13. H. Kuhn, J. Chem. Phys. 53, 101...Evanston, Illinois 60201 Austin, Texas 78712 Dr. Robert M. Hexter Dr. R. P. Van Duyne Department of Chemistry Chemistry Department University of Minnesota

  14. The influence of hook type, angler experience, and fish size on injury rates and the duration of capture in an Alaskan catch-and-release rainbow trout fishery

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Meka, Julie M.

    2004-01-01

    Owing to concerns about the high incidence of past hooking injuries in Alagnak River rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, fish were captured with spin- and fly-fishing gear with barbed and barbless circle and "J" hooks to determine gear types contributing to injury. Landing and hook removal times were measured for a portion of fish captured, and the anatomical hooking location, hooking scar locations, bleeding intensity, angler experience, and fish size were recorded for all captured fish. Approximately 62% of fish captured experienced at least one new hooking injury, and 29% of fish had at least one past hooking injury. Small fish sustained higher new injury and bleeding rates, but large fish had higher past injury rates. Injury rates were higher for barbed J hooks, barbed J hooks took longer to remove, and fish caught by spin-fishing were injured more frequently than fish caught by fly-fishing. Fewer fly-fishing-caught fish were injured using circle hooks, and circle hooks tended to hook fish in only one location, generally in the jaw. Barbed J hooks were more efficient at landing fish, and J hooks were more efficient at landing fish than circle hooks. Novice anglers injured proportionally more fish than experienced anglers, primarily during hook removal. Landing time was positively correlated with fish size, and experienced anglers took longer to land fish than novices because they captured larger fish. These results suggest that a reduction in hooking injuries may be achieved by using circle hooks as an alternative to J hooks and barbless J hooks to reduce injury and handling time, yet catch efficiency for both methods would be reduced. Although fish captured with barbless J hooks and circle hooks had fewer injuries, it is important to note that each hook type also caused significant injury, and angler education is recommended to promote proper hook removal techniques.

  15. Performance of barbed and barbless hooks in a marine recreational fishery

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.; Hoffman, Elizabeth M.

    2002-01-01

    We used an angling study to examine catch per unit effort (CPUE), bait loss, and total landings by anglers fishing with natural bait on barbed and barbless hooks in a nearshore marine sport fishery located in the Gulf of Mexico near St. Petersburg, Florida. Anglers fished half the day with a barbed hook and half the day with a barbless hook. We also recorded anatomical hook placement, severity of injury or bleeding, and hook extraction times for each landed fish. Bait loss, CPUE, and mean length of catch did not differ between gears, but anglers landed 22% more fish with barbed hooks. Loss of hooked fish was significantly higher with barbless hooks, and efficiency appeared to vary among species. Mean unhooking times were significantly shorter with barbless hooks. Anatomical hook placement did not differ between gears and most fish were hooked in the jaws. Bleeding did not differ between gears because bleeding was influenced strongly by hook placement, but barbless hooks reduced unhooking injuries. In this fishery, barbless hooks probably did not reduce hooking mortality and conferred only slight benefits at the expense of reduced catches.

  16. Scientia sexualis versus ars erotica: Foucault, van Gulik, Needham.

    PubMed

    Rocha, Leon Antonio

    2011-09-01

    This paper begins with a discussion of the scientia sexualis/ars erotica distinction, which Foucault first advances in History of Sexuality Vol. 1, and which has been employed by many scholars to do a variety of analytical work. Though Foucault has expressed his doubts regarding his conceptualization of the differences between Western and Eastern discourses of desire, he never entirely disowns the distinction. In fact, Foucault remains convinced that China must have an ars erotica. I will explore Foucault's sources of authority. To this end, I introduce the work of famous Dutch sinologist Robert Hans van Gulik, who published the tremendously influential Sexual Life in Ancient China in 1961, and also explore Joseph Needham's view on Chinese sex. I argue that, Foucault, in his fierce polemic against the "Repressive Hypothesis", himself imagined a utopian Other where pleasure and desire were organised differently. I end on a discuss on Orientalism and the project of "Sinography" of comparative literature scholars Haun Saussy, Eric Hayot and others. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Comparison of torsional stability of 2 types of split crimpable surgical hooks with soldered brass surgical hooks.

    PubMed

    O'Bannon, Shawn P; Dunn, William J; Lenk, Jason S

    2006-10-01

    The purpose of this in-vitro study was to compare the torsional stability of split crimpable surgical hooks and soldered brass surgical hooks on a rectangular stabilizing archwire. Coated split crimpable hooks (Never-Slip Grip, TP Orthodontics, LaPorte, Ind), ribbed crimpable hooks (TP Orthodontics), and .032-in brass soldered hooks/notched electrodes (Ormco/Sybron Dental Specialties, Orange, Calif) were attached to a 0.019 x 0.025-in stainless steel archwire. The archwire/hook attachment assembly was secured into a dual contact jig and statically mounted to the base of a universal testing machine. The hooks were engaged by a wire loop attached to the upper load cell of the machine, which pulled the wire until the hook was torsionally displaced from the archwire. The mean forces, measured in newtons (N), required to dislodge the hooks were as follows: soldered brass surgical hooks (51.3 +/- 5.2 N), coated split crimpable hooks (49.9 +/- 6.6 N), and ribbed split crimpable hooks (31.3 +/- 5.4 N). Data were analyzed with 1-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD post-hoc tests at alpha = .05. Ribbed split crimpable hooks provided significantly less resistance to torsional displacement than the other types of hooks (P <001). There was no difference between coated split crimpable hooks and soldered brass surgical hooks (P >05). Under the conditions of this study, the results suggest that soldered brass surgical hooks and coated split crimpable hook attachments provide more stability to torsional dislodgement from a rectangular stabilizing archwire than ribbed split crimpable hooks.

  18. Biomechanical analysis of clavicle hook plate implantation with different hook angles in the acromioclavicular joint.

    PubMed

    Hung, Li-Kun; Su, Kuo-Chih; Lu, Wen-Hsien; Lee, Cheng-Hung

    2017-08-01

    A clavicle hook plate is a simple and effective method for treating acromioclavicular dislocation and distal clavicle fractures. However, subacromial osteolysis and peri-implant fractures are complicated for surgeons to manage. This study uses finite element analysis (FEA) to investigate the post-implantation biomechanics of clavicle hook plates with different hook angles. This FEA study constructed a model with a clavicle, acromion, clavicle hook plate, and screws to simulate the implantation of clavicle hook plates at different hook angles (90°, 95°, 100°, 105°, and 110°) for treating acromioclavicular joint dislocations. This study investigated the biomechanics of the acromion, clavicle, hook plate, and screws. A smaller hook angle increases the stress on the middle third of the clavicle. A larger hook angle increases the force exerted by the clavicle hook plate on the acromion. The screw at the most medial position on the plate generated the highest stress. The highest stress on the implanted clavicle hook plate was on the turning corner of the hook. A clavicle hook plate with different hook angles may induce different biomechanical behaviors in the clavicle and acromion. Orthopedic surgeons must select a suitable clavicle hook plate based on the anatomical structure of each patient.

  19. Survival of foul-hooked largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Pope, K.L.; Wilde, G.R.

    2010-01-01

    We conducted a field experiment to determine the survival rate of foul-hooked (hooked external to the oral cavity) largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) caught and released by recreational anglers. Of 42 largemouth bass caught with hard-plastic baits containing three treble hooks, 15 were hooked only within the mouth and 27 had at least one hook penetrating the external surface of the fish (i.e., foul-hooked). There was no difference in survival of mouth-hooked (100%), foul-hooked (100%), or control (100%) largemouth bass.

  20. KSC-08pd1525

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2008-05-31

    CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- Brewster Shaw is a former astronaut from the first graduating class of astronauts after the Apollo program. He and others from the class were guests at NASA's Kennedy Space Center for the launch of space shuttle Discovery on its STS-124 mission. Shaw is Vice President and General Manager, Space Exploration, for Integrated Defense Systems, The Boeing Company. In 1978 a new group of 35 astronauts was selected after nine years without new astronauts. The pilots were Daniel Brandenstein, Michael Coats, Richard Covey, John Creighton, Robert Gibson, Frederick D. Gregory, Frederick Hauck, Jon McBride, Francis "Dick" Scobee, Brewster Shaw, Loren Shriver, David Walker and Donald Williams. The mission specialists were Guion Bluford, James Buchli, John Fabian, Anna Fisher, Dale Gardner, S. David Griggs, Terry Hart, Steven Hawley, Jeffrey Hoffman, Shannon Lucid, Ronald McNair, Richard Mullane, Steven Nagel, George Nelson, Ellison Onizuka, Judith Resnik, Sally Ride, Rhea Seddon, Robert Stewart, Kathryn D. Sullivan, Norman Thagard and James van Hoften. Since then, a new group has been selected roughly every two years. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

  1. Cavisoma magnum (Cavisomidae), a unique Pacific acanthocephalan redescribed from an unusual host, Mugil cephalus (Mugilidae), in the Arabian Gulf, with notes on histopathology and metal analysis.

    PubMed

    Amin, Omar M; Heckmann, Richard A; Bannai, Majid A

    2018-01-01

    Cavisoma magnum (Southwell, 1927) Van Cleave, 1931 was originally described from a sea bass, Serranus sp. and spotted surgeonfish, Ctenochaetus strigosus (Perciformes) off Sri Lanka before its more recent redescription from milkfish in the Philippines in 1995. These reports were based on only light infections of their host fishes. Of the few flathead grey mullets, Mugil cephalus (Mugilidae), that we examined in the Arabian Gulf, one fish was infected with 1,450 worms. One milkfish, Chanos chanos (Chanidae), from the same location in the Arabian Gulf, was also heavily infected with specimens of C. magnum. The descriptions of this unique large worm are revised and for the first time, we provide SEM images, new systematic observations, metal analysis of hooks showing extremely high levels of sulfur, and histopathology in the mullet intestinal tissue. Adjustments and corrections of previous descriptive accounts are made. The histopathology studies show extensive damage to the host intestinal tissue including epithelial necrosis, hemorrhaging and worm encapsulation. There is an extensive amount of host connective tissue surrounding the worm. Results of x-ray analysis displayed high levels of sulfur in proboscis hooks, especially at the tips and edges of these attachment structures. © O.M. Amin et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2018.

  2. On four species of echinorhynchid acanthocephalans from marine fish in Halong Bay, Vietnam, including the description of three new species and a key to the species of Gorgorhynchus.

    PubMed

    Amin, Omar M; Van Ha, Nguyen

    2011-09-01

    Four species of echinorhynchid acanthocephalans were collected from marine fish off Cat Ba Island, Halong Bay, Gulf of Tonkin, Vietnam, in the spring of 2009. Acanthocephalus halongensis n. sp. (Echinorhynchidae) from the redtail scad, Decapterus kurroides Bleeker 1855 (Carangidae), has a unique proboscis armature with a spiniform basal hook with lateral root and an incomplete receptacle wall posteriorly. Gorgorhynchus tonkinensis n. sp. (Rhadinorhynchidae) also from D. kurroides, has long, slender, winding lemnisci, many epidermal nuclei, and a narrow anterior trunk with a shoulder armed with 20 circles of tightly packed spines, the posterior four circles of which have abruptly larger spines than those in the anterior circles. Neorhadinorhynchus atypicalis n. sp. (Cavisomidae) from the rabbitfish, Siganus fuscescens (Houttuyn 1782) (Siganidae), has the largest number of proboscis hooks per row, testes wider than long, and four clustered cement glands. Micracanthorhynchica kuwaitensis Amin and Sey 1996 (Rhadinorhynchidae) from the spottail needlefish Strongylura strongylura (van Hasselt 1823) (Belonidae) was similar to specimens originally described from the Arabian Gulf off the Kuwaiti coast. These acanthocephalans were collected in small numbers but stood out as uniquely and considerably different from their closest relatives to warrant their reporting. All species of acanthocephalans and their host and geographic distribution are described, and a key to the species of Gorgorhynchus is provided.

  3. STS-29 crewmembers leave KSC Operations and Checkout (O&C) Building

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1989-03-13

    STS029-S-024 (13 March 1989) --- The flight crew for NASA's STS-29 mission leave the operations and checkout building en route to the van that will transport them to Launch Pad 39B, where Discovery awaits the astronauts for its second post-Challenge flight. Leading the way is astronaut Michael L. Coats, mission commander. He is followed by astronauts John E. Blaha, pilot; and James F. Buchli, James P. Bagian and Robert C. Springer, all mission specialists. In the background are astronaut Daniel C. Brandenstein, chief of the astronaut office, and Donald R. Puddy, director of flight crew operations.

  4. Stress analyses of B-52 pylon hooks

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ko, W. L.; Schuster, L. S.

    1985-01-01

    The NASTRAN finite element computer program was used in the two dimensional stress analysis of B-52 carrier aircraft pylon hooks: (1) old rear hook (which failed), (2) new rear hook (improved geometry), (3) new DAST rear hook (derated geometry), and (4) front hook. NASTRAN model meshes were generated by the aid of PATRAN-G computer program. Brittle limit loads for all the four hooks were established. The critical stress level calculated from NASTRAN agrees reasonably well with the values predicted from the fracture mechanics for the failed old rear hook.

  5. Lunar crane hook

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Cash, John Wilson, III; Cone, Alan E.; Garolera, Frank J.; German, David; Lindabury, David Peter; Luckado, Marshall Cleveland; Murphey, Craig; Rowell, John Bryan; Wilkinson, Brad

    1988-01-01

    The base and ball hook system is an attachment that is designed to be used on the lunar surface as an improved alternative to the common crane hook and eye system. The design proposed uses an omni-directional ball hook and base to overcome the design problems associated with a conventional crane hook. The base and ball hook is not sensitive to cable twist which would render a robotic lunar crane useless since there is little atmospheric resistance to dampen the motion of an oscillating member. The symmetric characteristics of the ball hook and base eliminates manual placement of the ball hook into the base; commonly associated with the typical hook and eye stem. The major advantage of the base and ball hook system is it's ease of couple and uncouple modes that are advantages during unmanned robotic lunar missions.

  6. Modeling the hook depth distribution of pelagic longlining in the equatorial area of Indian Ocean

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Song, Liming; Li, Jie; Gao, Panfeng; Zhou, Ji; Xu, Liuxiong

    2012-12-01

    A survey was conducted in the equatorial area of Indian Ocean for a better understanding of the dynamics of hook depth distribution of pelagic longline fishery. We determined the relationship between hook depth and vertical shear of current coefficiency, wind speed, hook position code, sine of wind angle, sine of angle of attack and weight of messenger weight. We identified the hook depth models by the analysis of covariance with a general linear model. The results showed that the wind effect on the hook depth can be ignored from October to November in the survey area; the surface current effect on the hook depth can be ignored; the equatorial undercurrent is the key factor for the hook depth in Indian Ocean; and there is a negative correlation between the hook depth and vertical shear of current and angle of attack. It was also found that the deeper the hook was set, the higher hook depth shoaling was. The proposed model improves the accuracy of the prediction of hook depth, which can be used to estimate the vertical distribution of pelagic fish in water column.

  7. Separable fastening device

    DOEpatents

    Harvey, Andrew C.; Ribich, William A.; Marinaccio, Paul J.; Sawaf, Bernard E.

    1987-12-01

    A separable fastener system has a first separable member that includes a series of metal hook sheets disposed in stacked relation that defines an array of hook elements on its broad surface. Each hook sheet is a planar metal member of uniform thickness and has a body portion with a series of hook elements formed along one edge of the body. Each hook element includes a stem portion, a deflecting surface portion, and a latch portion. Metal spacer sheets are disposed between the hook sheets and may be varied in thickness and in number to control the density of the hook elements on the broad surface of the first fastener member. The hook and spacer sheets are secured together in stacked relation. A second fastener member has a surface of complementary engaging elements extending along its broad surface which are releasably interengageable with the hook elements of the first fastener member, the deflecting surfaces of the hook elements of the first fastener member tending to deflect hook engaging portions of the second fastener member and the latch portions of the hook elements of the first fastener member engaging portions of the second fastener member in fastening relation.

  8. Role of the Dc domain of the bacterial hook protein FlgE in hook assembly and function

    PubMed Central

    Moriya, Nao; Minamino, Tohru; Ferris, Hedda U.; Morimoto, Yusuke V.; Ashihara, Masamichi; Kato, Takayuki; Namba, Keiichi

    2013-01-01

    The bacterial flagellar hook acts as a universal joint to smoothly transmit torque produced by the motor to the filament. The hook protein FlgE assembles into a 55 nm tubular structure with the help of the hook cap (FlgD). FlgE consists of four domains, D0, Dc, D1 and D2, arranged from the inner to the outer part of the tubular structure of the hook. The Dc domain contributes to the structural stability of the hook, but it is unclear how this Dc domain is responsible for the universal joint mechanism. Here, we carried out a deletion analysis of the FlgE Dc domain. FlgEΔ4/5 with deletion of residues 30 to 49 was not secreted into the culture media. FlgEΔ5 and FlgEΔ6 with deletions of residues 40 to 49 and 50 to 59, respectively, still formed hooks, allowing the export apparatus to export the hook-filament junction proteins FlgK and FlgL and flagellin FliC. However, these deletions inhibited the replacement of the FlgD hook cap by FlgK at the hook tip, thereby abolishing filament formation. Deletion of residues 50 to 59 significantly affected hook morphology. These results suggest that the Dc domain is responsible not only for hook assembly but also for FlgE export, the interaction with FlgK, and the polymorphic supercoiling mechanism of the hook. PMID:27493542

  9. Hook1 inhibits malignancy and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma.

    PubMed

    Sun, Xu; Zhang, Qi; Chen, Wei; Hu, Qida; Lou, Yu; Fu, Qi-Han; Zhang, Jing-Ying; Chen, Yi-Wen; Ye, Long-Yun; Wang, Yi; Xie, Shang-Zhi; Hu, Li-Qiang; Liang, Ting-Bo; Bai, Xue-Li

    2017-07-01

    Hook1 is a member of the hook family of coiled-coil proteins, which is recently found to be associated with malignant tumors. However, its biological function in hepatocellular carcinoma is yet unknown. Here, we evaluated the Hook1 levels in human hepatocellular carcinoma samples and matched peritumoral tissues by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Small interfering RNA knockdown and a transforming growth factor-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition model were employed to investigate the biological effects of Hook1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Our results indicated that Hook1 levels were significantly lower in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues than in the peritumoral tissues. In addition, Hook1 expression was significantly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma malignancy. Hook1 was downregulated after transforming growth factor-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, Hook1 knockdown promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition and attenuated the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to doxorubicin. In summary, our results indicate that downregulation of Hook1 plays a pivotal role in hepatocellular carcinoma progression via epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Hook1 may be used as a novel marker and therapeutic molecular target in hepatocellular carcinoma.

  10. Margaret Cavendish and the Royal Society.

    PubMed

    Wilkins, Emma

    2014-09-20

    It is often claimed that Margaret Cavendish was an anti-experimentalist who was deeply hostile to the activities of the early Royal Society--particularly in relation to Robert Hooke's experiments with microscopes. Some scholars have argued that her views were odd or even childish, while others have claimed that they were shaped by her gender-based status as a scientific 'outsider'. In this paper I examine Cavendish's views in contemporary context, arguing that her relationship with the Royal Society was more nuanced than previous accounts have suggested. This contextualized approach reveals two points: first, that Cavendish's views were not isolated or odd when compared with those of her contemporaries, and second, that the early Royal Society was less intellectually homogeneous than is sometimes thought. I also show that, although hostile to some aspects of experimentalism, Cavendish nevertheless shared many of the Royal Society's ambitions for natural philosophy, especially in relation to its usefulness and the importance of plain language as a means to disseminate new ideas.

  11. Margaret Cavendish and the Royal Society

    PubMed Central

    Wilkins, Emma

    2014-01-01

    It is often claimed that Margaret Cavendish was an anti-experimentalist who was deeply hostile to the activities of the early Royal Society—particularly in relation to Robert Hooke's experiments with microscopes. Some scholars have argued that her views were odd or even childish, while others have claimed that they were shaped by her gender-based status as a scientific ‘outsider’. In this paper I examine Cavendish's views in contemporary context, arguing that her relationship with the Royal Society was more nuanced than previous accounts have suggested. This contextualized approach reveals two points: first, that Cavendish's views were not isolated or odd when compared with those of her contemporaries, and second, that the early Royal Society was less intellectually homogeneous than is sometimes thought. I also show that, although hostile to some aspects of experimentalism, Cavendish nevertheless shared many of the Royal Society's ambitions for natural philosophy, especially in relation to its usefulness and the importance of plain language as a means to disseminate new ideas. PMID:25254278

  12. "Hooking up" among college students: demographic and psychosocial correlates.

    PubMed

    Owen, Jesse J; Rhoades, Galena K; Stanley, Scott M; Fincham, Frank D

    2010-06-01

    This study investigated 832 college students' experiences with hooking up, a term that refers to a range of physically intimate behavior (e.g., passionate kissing, oral sex, and intercourse) that occurs outside of a committed relationship. Specifically, we examined how five demographic variables (sex, ethnicity, parental income, parental divorce, and religiosity) and six psychosocial factors (e.g., attachment styles, alcohol use, psychological well-being, attitudes about hooking up, and perceptions of the family environment) related to whether individuals had hooked up in the past year. Results showed that similar proportions of men and women had hooked up but students of color were less likely to hook up than Caucasian students. More alcohol use, more favorable attitudes toward hooking up, and higher parental income were associated with a higher likelihood of having hooked up at least once in the past year. Positive, ambivalent, and negative emotional reactions to the hooking up experience(s) were also examined. Women were less likely to report that hooking up was a positive emotional experience than men. Young adults who reported negative and ambivalent emotional reactions to hooking up also reported lower psychological well-being and less favorable attitudes toward hooking up as compared to students who reported a positive hooking up experience. Based on these findings, suggestions for psychoeducational programming are offered. Additionally, directions for future research are provided.

  13. Dynamic infrared imaging analysis of apical hook development in Arabidopsis: the case of brassinosteroids.

    PubMed

    Smet, Dajo; Žádníková, Petra; Vandenbussche, Filip; Benková, Eva; Van Der Straeten, Dominique

    2014-06-01

    Germination of Arabidopsis seeds in darkness induces apical hook development, based on a tightly regulated differential growth coordinated by a multiple hormone cross-talk. Here, we endeavoured to clarify the function of brassinosteroids (BRs) and cross-talk with ethylene in hook development. An automated infrared imaging system was developed to study the kinetics of hook development in etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings. To ascertain the photomorphogenic control of hook opening, the system was equipped with an automatic light dimmer. We demonstrate that ethylene and BRs are indispensable for hook formation and maintenance. Ethylene regulation of hook formation functions partly through BRs, with BR feedback inhibition of ethylene action. Conversely, BR-mediated extension of hook maintenance functions partly through ethylene. Furthermore, we revealed that a short light pulse is sufficient to induce rapid hook opening. Our dynamic infrared imaging system allows high-resolution, kinetic imaging of up to 112 seedlings in a single experimental run. At this high throughput, it is ideally suited to rapidly gain insight in pathway networks. We demonstrate that BRs and ethylene cooperatively regulate apical hook development in a phase-dependent manner. Furthermore, we show that light is a predominant regulator of hook opening, inhibiting ethylene- and BR-mediated postponement of hook opening. © 2014 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2014 New Phytologist Trust.

  14. Biomechanical analysis of acromioclavicular joint dislocation treated with clavicle hook plates in different lengths.

    PubMed

    Shih, Cheng-Min; Huang, Kui-Chou; Pan, Chien-Chou; Lee, Cheng-Hung; Su, Kuo-Chih

    2015-11-01

    Clavicle hook plates are frequently used in clinical orthopaedics to treat acromioclavicular joint dislocation. However, patients often exhibit acromion osteolysis and per-implant fracture after undergoing hook plate fixation. With the intent of avoiding future complications or fixation failure after clavicle hook plate fixation, we used finite element analysis (FEA) to investigate the biomechanics of clavicle hook plates of different materials and sizes when used in treating acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Using finite element analysis, this study constructed a model comprising four parts: clavicle, acromion, clavicle hook plate and screws, and used the model to simulate implanting different types of clavicle hook plates in patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Then, the biomechanics of stainless steel and titanium alloy clavicle hook plates containing either six or eight screw holes were investigated. The results indicated that using a longer clavicle hook plate decreased the stress value in the clavicle, and mitigated the force that clavicle hook plates exert on the acromion. Using a clavicle hook plate material characterized by a smaller Young's modulus caused a slight increase in the stress on the clavicle. However, the external force the material imposed on the acromion was less than the force exerted on the clavicle. The findings of this study can serve as a reference to help orthopaedic surgeons select clavicle hook plates.

  15. The challenges and frustrations of a veteran astronomical optician: Robert Lundin, 1880-1962

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Briggs, John W.; Osterbrock, Donald E.

    1998-12-01

    Robert Lundin, apprenticed in nineteenth century optical craftsmanship but employed in twenty century fabrication and engineering, suffered many frustrations during a nonetheless productive career. Son of Carl A.R. Lundin, a senior optician at the famous American firm of Alvan Clark & Sons, Robert grew up building telescopes. As a teenager, he assisted with projects including the 1-m [40-inch] objective for Yerkes Observatory. After his father's death in 1915, he became manager of the Clark Corporation and was responsible for many smaller, successful refractors and reflectors. Lundin also completed major projects, including a highly praised 50.8-cm achromat for Van Vleck Observatory, as well as a successful 33-cm astrograph used at Lowell to discover Pluto. In 1929, a dispute with the owners of the Clark Corporation led to Lundin's resignation and his creation of a new business, "C.A. Robert Lundin and Associates." This short-lived firm built several observatory refractors, including a 26.7 cm for E.W. Rice, the retired chairman of General Electric. But none was entirely successful, and the Great Depression finished off the company. In 1933, Lundin took a job as head of Warner & Swasey's new optical shop, only to experience his greatest disasters. The 2.08-m [82-inch] reflector for McDonald Observatory was delayed for years until astronomers uncovered an error in Lundin's procedure for testing the primary mirror. A 38.1-cm photographic lens for the Naval Observatory was a complete failure. Under pressure to complete a 61-cm Schmidt camera, Lundin seems to have attempted to deceive visiting astronomers. After retirement in the mid 1940s, Lundin moved to Austin, Texas, the home of his daughter, where he died. His difficulties should not obscure his success with many instruments that continue to serve as important research and education tools.

  16. Multisensor interoperability for persistent surveillance and FOB protection with multiple technologies during the TNT exercise at Camp Roberts, California

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Murarka, Naveen; Chambers, Jon

    2012-06-01

    Multiple sensors, providing actionable intelligence to the war fighter, often have difficulty interoperating with each other. Northrop Grumman (NG) is dedicated to solving these problems and providing complete solutions for persistent surveillance. In August, 2011, NG was invited to participate in the Tactical Network Topology (TNT) Capabilities Based Experimentation at Camp Roberts, CA to demonstrate integrated system capabilities providing Forward Operating Base (FOB) protection. This experiment was an opportunity to leverage previous efforts from NG's Rotorcraft Avionics Innovation Laboratory (RAIL) to integrate five prime systems with widely different capabilities. The five systems included a Hostile Fire and Missile Warning Sensor System, SCORPION II Unattended Ground Sensor system, Smart Integrated Vehicle Area Network (SiVAN), STARLite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)/Ground Moving Target Indications (GMTI) radar system, and a vehicle with Target Location Module (TLM) and Laser Designation Module (LDM). These systems were integrated with each other and a Tactical Operations Center (TOC) equipped with RaptorX and Falconview providing a Common Operational Picture (COP) via Cursor on Target (CoT) messages. This paper will discuss this exercise, and the lessons learned, by integrating these five prime systems for persistent surveillance and FOB protection.

  17. Subacromial morphometric assessment of the clavicle hook plate.

    PubMed

    ElMaraghy, Amr W; Devereaux, Moira W; Ravichandiran, Kajeandra; Agur, Anne M

    2010-06-01

    Clavicle hook plates are an effective plate fixation alternative for distal clavicle fractures and severe acromioclavicular joint dislocations. However, post-operative complications associated with the subacromial portion of the hook include acromial osteolysis and subacromial impingement. We examine and quantify the three-dimensional position of the subacromial portion of the hook plate relative to surrounding acromial and subacromial structures in a series of cadaveric shoulders to determine if hook positioning predisposes the shoulder to these noted post-operative complications. Fifteen cadaveric shoulders (seven males, eight females) were implanted with 15- or 18-mm hook plates. Dimensions of the acromion and hook plate were digitised and reconstructed into a three-dimensional model to measure acromion dimensions and distances of the subacromial hook relative to surrounding acromial and subacromial structures. Inter-specimen dimensions of the acromion were highly variable. Mean acromion width and thickness were greater in males than in females (p=0.01). The posterior orientation of the subacromial hook varied widely (mean posterior implantation angle=32.5+/-20 degrees, range 0-67 degrees). The hook pierced the subacromial bursa in 13/15 specimens, made contact with the belly of the supraspinatus muscle in 9/15 specimens, and had focal contact at the hook tip with the undersurface of the acromion in 9/15 specimens. The wide range of acromial dimensions leads to a high degree of variability in the positioning of the subacromial hook. The observed frequency of hook contact with surrounding subacromial structures in a static shoulder confirms that the position of the hook portion of the implant can predispose anatomic structures to the post-operative complications of subacromial impingement and bony erosion. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. Acanthocephalans from fishes and amphibians in Vietnam, with descriptions of five new species

    PubMed Central

    2014-01-01

    Eight species of acanthocephalans are reported, and five are new. Specimens of Neoechinorhynchus (Hebesoma) manubrianus Amin, Ha & Ha, 2011 were similar to the original description. Neoechinorhynchus (Hebesoma) spiramuscularis n. sp. (Neoechinorhynchidae), from Xenocypris davidi, has a unique proboscis receptacle wrapped in a spiral muscular layer, and an undulating flask-shaped lemnisci, as well as double para-receptacle structures. Heterosentis mongcai n. sp. (Arhythmacanthidae), from Acreichthys sp., has a small fusiform trunk with an unarmed cone and anterior trunk spines, and a proboscis with two circles of rooted apical hooks and 3–4 circles of rooted posterior spines as well as a para-receptacle-like structure at the posterior end. The poorly known Filisoma indicum Van Cleave, 1928 is fully described and illustrated for the first time. Acanthocephalus parallelcementglandatus n. sp. (Echinorhynchidae), from Clarias batrachus, is distinguished from other species of Acanthocephalus by its small fusiform trunk and parallel tubular cement glands. Pseudoacanthocephalus coniformis n. sp. (Echinorhynchidae), from Hylarana sp., is distinguished from other species by having an anterior trunk collar and staggered prominent filiform cement glands, among other features. Cathayacanthus spinitruncatus n. sp. (Rhadinorhynchidae), from Leiognathus equulus, is distinguished from the only two known species of the genus by having a very long and slender proboscis with more than 50 hooks per row and a totally spined trunk. The generic diagnosis of Cathayacanthus Golvan, 1969 is emended. Rhadinorhynchus johnstoni Golvan, 1969 (Rhadinorhynchidae) perfectly fits the only complete description of that species from the Fiji Islands. PMID:25331738

  19. Biomechanical Analysis of Implanted Clavicle Hook Plates With Different Implant Depths and Materials in the Acromioclavicular Joint: A Finite Element Analysis Study.

    PubMed

    Lee, Cheng-Hung; Shih, Cheng-Min; Huang, Kui-Chou; Chen, Kun-Hui; Hung, Li-Kun; Su, Kuo-Chih

    2016-11-01

    Clinical implantation of clavicle hook plates is often used as a treatment for acromioclavicular joint dislocation. However, it is not uncommon to find patients that have developed acromion osteolysis or had peri-implant fracture after hook plate fixation. With the aim of preventing complications or fixation failure caused by implantation of inappropriate clavicle hook plates, the present study investigated the biomechanics of clavicle hook plates made of different materials and with different hook depths in treating acromioclavicular joint dislocation, using finite element analysis (FEA). This study established four parts using computer models: the clavicle, acromion, clavicle hook plate, and screws, and these established models were used for FEA. Moreover, implantations of clavicle hook plates made of different materials (stainless steel and titanium alloy) and with different depths (12, 15, and 18 mm) in patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocation were simulated in the biomechanical analysis. The results indicate that deeper implantation of the clavicle hook plate reduces stress on the clavicle, and also reduces the force applied to the acromion by the clavicle hook plate. Even though a clavicle hook plate made of titanium alloy (a material with a lower Young's modulus) reduces the force applied to the acromion by the clavicle hook plate, slightly higher stress on the clavicle may occur. The results obtained in this study provide a better reference for orthopedic surgeons in choosing different clavicle hook plates for surgery. Copyright © 2016 International Center for Artificial Organs and Transplantation and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  20. IESIP - AN IMPROVED EXPLORATORY SEARCH TECHNIQUE FOR PURE INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Fogle, F. R.

    1994-01-01

    IESIP, an Improved Exploratory Search Technique for Pure Integer Linear Programming Problems, addresses the problem of optimizing an objective function of one or more variables subject to a set of confining functions or constraints by a method called discrete optimization or integer programming. Integer programming is based on a specific form of the general linear programming problem in which all variables in the objective function and all variables in the constraints are integers. While more difficult, integer programming is required for accuracy when modeling systems with small numbers of components such as the distribution of goods, machine scheduling, and production scheduling. IESIP establishes a new methodology for solving pure integer programming problems by utilizing a modified version of the univariate exploratory move developed by Robert Hooke and T.A. Jeeves. IESIP also takes some of its technique from the greedy procedure and the idea of unit neighborhoods. A rounding scheme uses the continuous solution found by traditional methods (simplex or other suitable technique) and creates a feasible integer starting point. The Hook and Jeeves exploratory search is modified to accommodate integers and constraints and is then employed to determine an optimal integer solution from the feasible starting solution. The user-friendly IESIP allows for rapid solution of problems up to 10 variables in size (limited by DOS allocation). Sample problems compare IESIP solutions with the traditional branch-and-bound approach. IESIP is written in Borland's TURBO Pascal for IBM PC series computers and compatibles running DOS. Source code and an executable are provided. The main memory requirement for execution is 25K. This program is available on a 5.25 inch 360K MS DOS format diskette. IESIP was developed in 1990. IBM is a trademark of International Business Machines. TURBO Pascal is registered by Borland International.

  1. 76 FR 11961 - Safety Zone, Dredging Operations; Delaware River, Marcus Hook, PA

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-04

    ...-AA00 Safety Zone, Dredging Operations; Delaware River, Marcus Hook, PA AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION... Delaware River while the Dredge Pullen conducts dredging operations at the Sunoco Marcus Hook docks in the vicinity of the Marcus Hook Range near Marcus Hook, PA. This action is necessary to maintain the 42 ft...

  2. Interactions of light and ethylene in hypocotyl hook maintenance in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Knee, E. M.; Hangarter, R. P.; Knee, M.

    2000-01-01

    Etiolated seedlings frequently display a hypocotyl or epicotyl hook which opens on exposure to light. Etylene has been shown to be necessary for maintenance of the hook in a number of plants in darkness. We investigated the interaction of ethylene and light in the regulation of hypocotyl hook opening in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that hooks of Arabidopsis open in response to continuous red, far-red or blue light in the presence of up to 100 microliters l-1 ethylene. Thus a change in sensitivity to ethylene is likely to be responsible for hook opening in Arabidopsis, rather than a decrease in ethylene production in hook tissues. We used photomorphogenic mutants of Arabidopsis to demonstrate the involvement of both blue light and phytochrome photosensory systems in light-induced hook opening in the presence of ethylene. In addition we used ethylene mutants and inhibitors of ethylene action to investigate the role of ethylene in hook maintenance in seedlings grown in light and darkness.

  3. Ethylene Is Not Responsible for Phytochrome-Mediated Apical Hook Exaggeration in Tomato

    PubMed Central

    Takahashi-Asami, Miki; Shichijo, Chizuko; Tsurumi, Seiji; Hashimoto, Tohru

    2016-01-01

    The apical hook of tomato seedlings is exaggerated by phytochrome actions, while in other species such as bean, pea and Arabidopsis, the hook is exaggerated by ethylene and opens by phytochrome actions. The present study was aimed to clarify mainly whether ethylene is responsible for the phytochrome-mediated hook exaggeration of tomato seedlings. Dark-grown 5-day-old seedlings were subjected to various ways of ethylene application in the dark as well as under the actions of red (R) or far-red light (FR). The ethylene emitted by seedlings was also quantified relative to hook exaggeration. The results show: Ambient ethylene, up-to about 1.0 μL L-1, suppressed (opened) the hooks formed in the dark as well as the ones exaggerated by R or FR, while at 3.0–10 μL L-1 it enhanced (closed) the hook only slightly as compared with the most-suppressed level at about 1.0 μL L-1. Treatment with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the immediate precursor of ethylene biosynthesis, did not enhance the hook, only mimicking the suppressive effects of ambient ethylene. The biosynthesis inhibitor, CoCl2 or aminoethoxyvinylglycine, enhanced hook curvature, and the enhancement was canceled by supplement of ethylene below 1.0 μL L-1. Auxin transport inhibitor, N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid, by contrast, suppressed curvature markedly without altering ethylene emission. The effects of the above-stated treatments did not differentiate qualitatively among the R-, FR-irradiated seedlings and dark control so as to explain phytochrome-mediated hook exaggeration. In addition, ethylene emission by seedlings was affected neither by R nor FR at such fluences as to cause hook exaggeration. In conclusion, (1) ethylene suppresses not only the light-exaggerated hook, but also the dark-formed one; (2) ethylene emission is not affected by R or FR, and also not correlated with the hook exaggerations; thus ethylene is not responsible for the hook exaggeration in tomato; and (3) auxin is essential for the maintenance and development of the hook in tomato as is the case in other species lacking phytochrome-mediated hook exaggeration. A possible mechanism of phytochrome action for hook exaggeration is discussed. PMID:27933077

  4. Assessing the Personal Negative Impacts of Hooking Up Experienced by College Students: Gender Differences and Mental Health.

    PubMed

    Napper, Lucy E; Montes, Kevin S; Kenney, Shannon R; LaBrie, Joseph W

    2016-09-01

    Hooking up is a normative behavior among college students that is associated with a range of positive and negative consequences. While previous research has primarily focused on women's negative experiences of hooking up, the current study explored the relationships among hooking up behaviors, psychological distress, and a broad range of negative effects of hooking up in both male and female college students. Using a multisite sample of college students, we developed the 14-item Negative Impact of Hookups Inventory (NIHI) to assess negative health outcomes, emotional responses, and social consequences associated with hooking up. Unprotected sex and having more hookup partners were associated with greater negative experiences of hooking up. Contrary to expectations, there were no gender differences in the total number of negative hookup effects, although men reported more frequent hookups. In addition, negative impacts of hooking up were positively associated with psychological distress regardless of gender. The NIHI may offer a useful tool to assess the negative impacts of hooking up. Understanding students' hookup experiences is an important step toward developing targeted health interventions related to hooking up behavior in young adult populations.

  5. Estimating freshwater turtle mortality rates and population declines following hook ingestion.

    PubMed

    Steen, David A; Robinson, Orin J

    2017-12-01

    Freshwater turtle populations are susceptible to declines following small increases in the mortality of adults, making it essential to identify and understand potential threats. Freshwater turtles ingest fish hooks associated with recreational angling, and this is likely a problem because hook ingestion is a source of additive mortality for sea turtles. We used a Bayesian-modeling framework, observed rates of hook ingestion by freshwater turtles, and mortality of sea turtles from hook ingestion to examine the probability that a freshwater turtle in a given population ingests a hook and subsequently dies from it. We used the results of these analyses and previously published life-history data to simulate the effects of hook ingestion on population growth for 3 species of freshwater turtle. In our simulation, the probability that an individual turtle ingests a hook and dies as a result was 1.2-11%. Our simulation results suggest that this rate of mortality from hook ingestion is sufficient to cause population declines. We believe we have identified fish-hook ingestion as a serious yet generally overlooked threat to the viability of freshwater turtle populations. © 2017 Society for Conservation Biology.

  6. Semi-rigid single hook localization the best method for localizing ground glass opacities during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: re-aerated swine lung experimental and primary clinical results

    PubMed Central

    Zhao, Guang; Sun, Long; Geng, Guojun; Liu, Hongming; Li, Ning; Liu, Suhuan; Hao, Bing

    2017-01-01

    Background The aim of this study was to compare the effects of currently available preoperative localization methods, including semi-rigid single hook-wire, double-thorn hook-wire, and microcoil, in localizing the pulmonary nodules, thus to select the best technology to assist video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for small ground glass opacities (GGO). Methods Preoperative CT-guided localizing techniques including semi-rigid single hook-wire, double-thorn hook-wire and microcoil were used in re-aerated fresh swine lung for location experiments. The advantages and drawbacks of the three positioning technologies were compared, and then the most optimal technique was used in patients with GGO. Technical success and post-operative complications were used as primary endpoints. Results All three localizing techniques were successfully performed in the re-aerated fresh swine lung. The median tractive force of semi-rigid single hook wire, double-thorn hook wire and microcoil were 6.5, 4.85 and 0.2 N, which measured by a spring dynamometer. The wound sizes in the superficial pleura, caused by unplugging the needles, were 2 mm in double-thorn hook wire, 1 mm in semi-rigid single hook and 1 mm in microcoil, respectively. In patients with GGOs, the semi-rigid hook wires localizations were successfully performed, without any complication that need to be intervened. Dislodgement was reported in one patient before VATS. No major complications related to the preoperative hook wire localization and VATS were observed. Conclusions We found from our localization experiments in the swine lung that, among the commonly used three localization methods, semi-rigid hook wire showed the best operability and practicability than double-thorn hook wire and microcoil. Preoperative localization of small pulmonary nodules with single semi-rigid hook wire system shows a high success rate, acceptable utility and especially low dislodgement in VATS. PMID:29312722

  7. Ultrastructure and chemical composition of the proboscis hooks of Acanthocephalus lucii (Müller, 1776) (Acanthocephala: Palaeacanthocephala) using X-ray elemental analysis.

    PubMed

    Brázová, Tímea; Poddubnaya, Larisa G; Miss, Noemí Ramírez; Hanzelová, Vladimíra

    2014-12-01

    The ultrastructure and chemical composition of the proboscis hooks and surrounding tegument of Acanthocephalus lucii (Müller, 1776), a parasite of European perch, Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, were examined using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis (EDXA). The blade of middle hooks consists of three layers: an outer homogeneous layer, an inner heterogeneous layer and a central core. TEM observation revealed the presence of hollow tubes, which spaced the central core; fibrous inner hook layer surrounded by an electron-dense margin and the basal tegumental layer filled with electron-dense bodies and outer layer. We found for the first time that the so-called 'epidermal covering' surrounding of the exposed hook blade (outer hook layer) is a modified striped portion of the tegumental layer and there are no special contact sites between these two morphologically different structures, i.e. striped layer of the syncytial tegument and following proper outer hook layer, which is a homogeneous, moderately electron-dense layer of -0.3 μm in thickness. The hook root is embedded into subtegumental fibrous layer. X-ray microanalysis of both the surface and internal parts of A. lucii hooks demonstrated the presence of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and sulphur. The highest concentration of sulphur was recorded at the tip of hooks, whereas the middle part of the hooks was most rich in calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. The proximal part of the hooks contained lower concentrations of sulphur, calcium and phosphorus. In the proboscis tegument, only two elements, calcium and silicon, were found. The differences observed in the chemical composition of the hook 'epidermal covering' and the proboscis tegument support our ultrastructural findings that the hook tegumental covering is a modified structure compared with that of the general proboscis tegument.

  8. Were optical projections used in early Renaissance painting? A geometric image analysis of Jan van Eyck's "Arnolfini Portrait" and Robert Campin's "Merode Altarpiece"

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Stork, David G.

    2004-04-01

    It has recently been claimed that some painters in the early Renaissance employed optical devices, specifically concave mirrors, to project images onto their canvas or other support (paper, oak panel, etc.) which they then traced or painted over. In this way, according to the theory, artists achieved their newfound heightened realism. We apply geometric image analysis to the parts of two paintings specifically adduced as evidence supporting this bold theory: the splendid, meticulous chandelier in Jan van Eyck's "Portrait of Arnolfini and his wife," and the trellis in the right panel of Robert Campin's "Merode Altarpiece." It has further been claimed that this trellis is the earliest surviving image captured using the projection of any optical device - a claim that, if correct, would have profound import for the histories of art, science and optical technology. Our analyses show that the Arnolfini chandelier fails standard tests of perspective coherence that would indicate an optical projection. Or more specifically, for the physical Arnolfini chandelier to be consistent with an optical projection, that chandelier would have to be implausibly irregular, as judged in comparison to surviving chandeliers and candelabras from the same 15th-century European schools. We find that had Campin painted the trellis using projections, he would have performed an extraordinarily precise and complex procedure using the most sophisticated optical system of his day (for which there is no documentary evidence), a conclusion supported by an attempted "re-enactment." We provide a far more simple, parsimonious and plausible explanation, which we demonstrate by a simple experiment. Our analyses lead us to reject the optical projection theory for these paintings, a conclusion that comports with the vast scholarly consensus on Renaissance working methods and the lack of documentary evidence for optical projections onto a screen.

  9. Robotic End Effectors for Hard-Rock Climbing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kennedy, Brett; Leger, Patrick

    2004-01-01

    Special-purpose robot hands (end effectors) now under development are intended to enable robots to traverse cliffs much as human climbers do. Potential applications for robots having this capability include scientific exploration (both on Earth and other rocky bodies in space), military reconnaissance, and outdoor search and rescue operations. Until now, enabling robots to traverse cliffs has been considered too difficult a task because of the perceived need of prohibitively sophisticated planning algorithms as well as end effectors as dexterous as human hands. The present end effectors are being designed to enable robots to attach themselves to typical rock-face features with less planning and simpler end effectors. This advance is based on the emulation of the equipment used by human climbers rather than the emulation of the human hand. Climbing-aid equipment, specifically cams, aid hooks, and cam hooks, are used by sport climbers when a quick ascent of a cliff is desired (see Figure 1). Currently two different end-effector designs have been created. The first, denoted the simple hook emulator, consists of three "fingers" arranged around a central "palm." Each finger emulates the function of a particular type of climbing hook (aid hook, wide cam hook, and a narrow cam hook). These fingers are connected to the palm via a mechanical linkage actuated with a leadscrew/nut. This mechanism allows the fingers to be extended or retracted. The second design, denoted the advanced hook emulator (see Figure 2), shares these features, but it incorporates an aid hook and a cam hook into each finger. The spring-loading of the aid hook allows the passive selection of the type of hook used. The end effectors can be used in several different modes. In the aid-hook mode, the aid hook on one of the fingers locks onto a horizontal ledge while the other two fingers act to stabilize the end effector against the cliff face. In the cam-hook mode, the broad, flat tip of the cam hook is inserted into a non-horizontal crack in the cliff face. A subsequent transfer of weight onto the end effector causes the tip to rotate within the crack, creating a passive, self-locking action of the hook relative to the crack. In the advanced hook emulator, the aid hook is pushed into its retracted position by contact with the cliff face as the cam hook tip is inserted into the crack. When a cliff face contains relatively large pockets or cracks, another type of passive self-locking can be used. Emulating the function of the piece of climbing equipment called a "cam" (note: not the same as a "cam hook"; see Figure 1), the fingers can be fully retracted and the entire end effector inserted into the feature. The fingers are then extended as far as the feature allows. Any weight then transferred to the end effector will tend to extend the fingers further due to frictional force, passively increasing the grip on the feature. In addition to the climbing modes, these end effectors can be used to walk on (either on the palm or the fingertips) and to grasp objects by fully extending the fingers.

  10. 29 CFR 1915.113 - Shackles and hooks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... bends or springs the hook. (3) Hooks shall be inspected periodically to see that they have not been bent by overloading. Bent or sprung hooks shall not be used. [47 FR 16986, Apr. 20, 1982, as amended at 51...

  11. 29 CFR 1915.113 - Shackles and hooks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... bends or springs the hook. (3) Hooks shall be inspected periodically to see that they have not been bent by overloading. Bent or sprung hooks shall not be used. [47 FR 16986, Apr. 20, 1982, as amended at 51...

  12. Instability of hooks during bacterial flagellar swimming

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jabbarzadeh, Mehdi; Fu, Henry C.; Henry Fu Team

    2016-11-01

    In bacteria, a flexible hook transmits torque from the rotary motor at the cell body to the flagellum. Previously, the hook has been modeled as a Kirchhoff rod between the cell body and rotating flagellum. To study effects of the hook's flexibility on the bacteria's swimming speed and trajectory for wide range hook stiffnesses and flagellum configurations, we develop an efficient simplified spring model for the hook by linearizing the Kirchhoff rod. We treat the hydrodynamics of the cell body and helical flagellum using resistance matrices calculated by the method of regularized Stokeslets. We investigate flagellar and swimming dynamics for a range of hook flexibilities and flagellar orientations relative to the cell body and compare the results to models without hook flexibility. We investigate in detail parameters corresponding to E. coli and Vibrio alginolyticus. Generally, the flagellum changes orientation relative to the cell body, undergoing an orbit with the period of the motor rotation. We find that as the hook stiffness decreases, steady-state orbits of the flagellum first become unstable before the hook buckles, which may suggest a new mechanism of flick initiation in run-reverse-flick motility. We also find that for some parameter ranges, there are multiple stable steady state orbits, which may have implications for the tumbling and turning of bacteria.

  13. The effects of flagellar hook compliance on motility of monotrichous bacteria: A modeling study

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shum, H.; Gaffney, E. A.

    2012-06-01

    A crucial structure in the motility of flagellated bacteria is the hook, which connects the flagellum filament to the motor in the cell body. Early mathematical models of swimming bacteria assume that the helically shaped flagellum rotates rigidly about its axis, which coincides with the axis of the cell body. Motivated by evidence that the hook is much more flexible than the rest of the flagellum, we develop a new model that allows a naturally straight hook to bend. Hook dynamics are based on the Kirchhoff rod model, which is combined with a boundary element method for solving viscous interactions between the bacterium and the surrounding fluid. For swimming in unbounded fluid, we find good support for using a rigid model since the hook reaches an equilibrium configuration within several revolutions of the motor. However, for effective swimming, there are constraints on the hook stiffness relative to the scale set by the product of the motor torque with the hook length. When the hook is too flexible, its shape cannot be maintained and large deformations and stresses build up. When the hook is too rigid, the flagellum does not align with the cell body axis and the cell "wobbles" with little net forward motion. We also examine the attraction of swimmers to no-slip surfaces and find that the tendency to swim steadily close to a surface can be very sensitive to the combination of the hook rigidity and the precise shape of the cell and flagellum.

  14. Three-dimensional scapular dyskinesis in hook-plated acromioclavicular dislocation including hook motion.

    PubMed

    Kim, Eugene; Lee, Seunghee; Jeong, Hwa-Jae; Park, Jai Hyung; Park, Se-Jin; Lee, Jaewook; Kim, Woosub; Park, Hee Jin; Lee, So Yeon; Murase, Tsuyoshi; Sugamoto, Kazuomi; Ikemoto, Sumika

    2018-06-01

    The purpose of this study is to analyze the 3-dimensional scapular dyskinesis and the kinematics of a hook plate relative to the acromion after hook-plated acromioclavicular dislocation in vivo. Reported complications of acromioclavicular reduction using a hook plate include subacromial erosion and impingement. However, there are few reports of the 3-dimensional kinematics of the hook and scapula after the aforementioned surgical procedure. We studied 15 cases of acromioclavicular dislocation treated with a hook plate and 15 contralateral normal shoulders using computed tomography in the neutral and full forward flexion positions. Three-dimensional motion of the scapula relative to the thorax during arm elevation was analyzed using a computer simulation program. We also measured the distance from the tip of the hook plate to the greater tuberosity, as well as the angular motion of the plate tip in the subacromial space. Decreased posterior tilting (22° ± 10° vs 31° ± 8°) in the sagittal plane and increased external rotation (19° ± 9° vs 7° ± 5°) in the axial plane were evident in the affected shoulders. The mean values of translation of the hook plate and angular motion against the acromion were 4.0 ± 1.6 mm and 15° ± 8°, respectively. The minimum value of the distance from the hook plate to the humeral head tuberosity was 6.9 mm during arm elevation. Acromioclavicular reduction using a hook plate may cause scapular dyskinesis. Translational and angular motion of the hook plate against the acromion could lead to subacromial erosion. However, the hook does not seem to impinge directly on the humeral head. Copyright © 2017 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  15. Absorption of metals in mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) after ingesting nickel-plated carbon-steel hooks.

    PubMed

    McGrath, Shane P; Reichelt-Brushett, Amanda J; Butcher, Paul A; Cairns, Stuart C

    2014-08-01

    Previous research has alluded to the potential of metals being absorbed by fish after ingesting fishing hooks, which may have adverse effects on fish health and the organisms that consume them. Subsequently, this study aimed to quantify the potential of mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) to absorb metals during the decay of ingested nickel-plated carbon-steel hooks. Twenty-five treatment fish were allowed to ingest nickel-plated carbon-steel hooks during angling and then monitored with 25 controls (untreated fish) for up to 42 days for hook ejection and mortality. Blood, liver and muscle samples were collected from treatment, control and 14 wild-caught individuals to determine the concentrations of chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese and nickel. The results showed that increased oxidation influenced hook ejection, and that hook-ingested fish had significantly elevated concentrations of nickel in their liver and blood, but not muscle. This research has shown that there is an avenue for metal absorption from ingested hooks. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. Casual hook up sex during the first year of college: Prospective associations with attitudes about sex and love relationships.

    PubMed

    Katz, Jennifer; Schneider, Monica E

    2013-11-01

    This study examined bidirectional relationships among emerging adults' involvement in casual hook up sex and attitudes about sex and love relationships. At the start and end of their first year in college, undergraduates (N = 163) responded to measures of sexual behavior, sexual attitudes, and attitudes about love relationships. In cross-sectional analyses, attitudes about sex and love both were associated with involvement in casual hook up sex. In prospective analyses, initial attitudes about sexual instrumentality uniquely predicted involvement in later hook up sex, even after controlling for past hook up sex. Furthermore, involvement in hook up sex during the first year of college predicted greater sexual permissiveness and comfort with casual genital contact, even after controlling for initial sexual attitudes and hook up behaviors. None of the associations between attitudes and behavior were qualified by gender. Experiences of causal hook up sex appear to have implications primarily for emerging adults' attitudes about sexual interactions rather than their attitudes about love relationships.

  17. The hooked element in the pes of turtles (Testudines): a global approach to exploring primary and secondary homology

    PubMed Central

    Joyce, Walter G; Werneburg, Ingmar; Lyson, Tyler R

    2013-01-01

    The hooked element in the pes of turtles was historically identified by most palaeontologists and embryologists as a modified fifth metatarsal, and often used as evidence to unite turtles with other reptiles with a hooked element. Some recent embryological studies, however, revealed that this element might represent an enlarged fifth distal tarsal. We herein provide extensive new myological and developmental observations on the hooked element of turtles, and re-evaluate its primary and secondary homology using all available lines of evidence. Digital count and timing of development are uninformative. However, extensive myological, embryological and topological data are consistent with the hypothesis that the hooked element of turtles represents a fusion of the fifth distal tarsal with the fifth metatarsal, but that the fifth distal tarsal dominates the hooked element in pleurodiran turtles, whereas the fifth metatarsal dominates the hooked element of cryptodiran turtles. The term ‘ansulate bone’ is proposed to refer to hooked elements that result from the fusion of these two bones. The available phylogenetic and fossil data are currently insufficient to clarify the secondary homology of hooked elements within Reptilia. PMID:24102560

  18. Method and Apparatus for the Quantification of Particulate Adhesion Forces on Various Substrates

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wohl, Christopher J.; Atkins, Brad M.; Connell, John W.

    2011-01-01

    Mitigation strategies for lunar dust adhesion have typically been limited to qualitative analysis. This technical memorandum describes the generation and operation of an adhesion testing device capable of quantitative assessment of adhesion forces between particulates and substrates. An aerosolization technique is described to coat a surface with a monolayer of particulates. Agitation of this surface, via sonication, causes particles to dislodge and be gravitationally fed into an optical particle counter. Experimentally determined adhesion force values are compared to forces calculated from van der Waals interactions and are used to calculate the work of adhesion using Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) theory. Preliminary results indicate that a reduction in surface energy and available surface area, through topographical modification, improve mitigation of particulate adhesion.

  19. STS-41 Ulysses Launch (10/06/90), Ulysses Deploy (10/06/90), Landing (10/10/90)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1990-01-01

    Live footage shows the crewmembers of STS-41, Commander Richard N. Richards, Pilot Robert D. Cabana, Mission Specialists William M. Shepherd, Bruce E. Melnick, and Thomas D. Akers, participating in the traditional activities the day of their flight. The crew are seen eating breakfast, suiting-up, walking out to the Astronaut-Van, putting on life vests in the 'White Room' area, and entering the crew module of the Discovery Orbiter. Footage also includes the deployment of the Ulysses satellite. The Discovery spacecraft is seen as it approaches and lands at Edwards Air Force Base. Also shown are several scenes from different cameras of both launching and landing of the STS-41 spacecraft.

  20. Visual neuroscience before the neuron.

    PubMed

    Wade, Nicholas J

    2004-01-01

    Visual neuroscience is considered to be a contemporary concern, based in large part on relating characteristics of neural functioning to visual experience. It presupposes a detailed knowledge of neural activity for which the neuron doctrine is a fundamental tenet. However, long before either the neuron doctrine had been advanced or the nerve cell had been described, attempts were made to estimate the dimensions of nerve fibres from measures of visual resolution. In the seventeenth century, the microscopes of Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek were unable to resolve structures as small as nerves adequately. However, it was not Hooke's microscope that led to an estimate of the dimensions of nerve fibres but his experiments on the limits of visual resolution. Hooke determined that a separation of one minute of arc was the minimum that could normally be seen. Descartes had earlier speculated that the retina consisted of the terminations of fibres of the optic nerve, and that their size defined the limits of what could be seen. Estimates of the diameters of nerve fibres were made on the basis of human visual acuity by Porterfield in 1738; he calculated the diameters of nerve fibres in the retina as one 7200th part of an inch (0.0035 mm), based on the resolution of one minute of arc as the minimum visible. In the same year, Jurin questioned the reliability of such estimates because of variations in visual resolution with different stimuli. The measurement of visual acuity was refined by Mayer in 1755, with dots, gratings, and grids used as stimuli. In the 1830s, Treviranus fused the microscopic and acuity approaches to determine the dimensions of nerve fibres. His indirect estimates of the dimensions of retinal fibres were close to those derived from microscopic observation. However, the suggestion that the retina consisted of terminations of nerve fibres influenced his detailed illustrations of its microscopic structure. Contrary to the situation that obtained after the microscopic structure of the retina had been established, a function of vision (acuity) was used to determine the dimensions of the structures (retinal elements) that were thought to mediate it.

  1. 75 FR 4265 - Airworthiness Directives; Lifesavings Systems Corp., D-Lok Hook Assembly

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-27

    ... Airworthiness Directives; Lifesavings Systems Corp., D-Lok Hook Assembly AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration... adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for the Lifesavings Systems Corp., D-Lok Hook assembly... reported surface irregularities and discontinuities on certain D-Lok Hooks because of an unapproved change...

  2. Development and impact of hooks of large droplet concentration on remote southeast Pacific stratocumulus

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    George, R. C.; Wood, R.; Bretherton, C. S.; Painter, G.

    2013-01-01

    Over the southeastern Pacific (SEP), droplet concentration (Nd) in the typically unpolluted marine stratocumulus west of 80° W (> 1000 km offshore) is periodically strongly enhanced in zonally-elongated "hook"-shaped arcs that increase albedo. Here, we examine three hook events using the chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-Chem) with 14 km horizontal resolution, satellite data and aircraft data from the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx). A particularly strong hook yields insights to the development, decay, and radiative impact of these features. Hook development occurs with Nd increasing to polluted levels over the remote ocean primarily due to entrainment of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) from the free troposphere (FT). The feature advects northwestward until the FT CCN source is depleted, after which Nd decreases over a few days due to precipitation and dilution. The model suggests that the FT CCN source supplying the hook consists of high concentrations of small accumulation mode aerosols that contribute a relatively small amount of aerosol mass to the MBL. The aerosol particles originate mainly from a pulse of offshore flow that transports Santiago region (33-35° S) emissions to the marine FT. To provide a sustained hook CCN source, the FT transport of pollution plumes to the remote ocean requires strong, deep offshore flow. Such flow is favored by a trough approaching the South American coast and a southeastward shift of the climatological subtropical high pressure system. The model simulations show precipitation suppression in the hook and a corresponding increase in liquid water path (LWP) compared with a simulation without anthropogenic sources. LWP also increases in time as the hook evolves due to increasing stability and decreasing subsidence. WRF-Chem suggests that DMS significantly influences the aerosol number and size distributions in a hook, but that hooks do not form without FT CCN. The Twomey effect contributes ~ 50-70% of the albedo increase due the presence of the hook, while secondary aerosol indirect effects and meteorological influences also contribute significantly. The source of hook aerosols is difficult to determine with the available observations alone. The model explains the observations and puts them in context of the factors influencing hook formation. Two other weaker hooks during VOCALS-REx are not as well simulated but are also associated with FT offshore flow near Santiago. Hooks demonstrate the importance of free-tropospheric transport of aerosols in modulating the droplet concentration in the southeastern Pacific stratocumulus deck, and present a formidable challenge to simulate accurately in large scale models.

  3. Aluminum Manganese Molten Salt Plating

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-06-01

    fixture from overhead crane hook and locate fixture over the closed acid tank. 2. Ventilation a. Set valve positions as follows (same as Section I.4.a...overhead crane hook and position the fixture over the closed acid tank. (Will need to remove the top stainless steel rod, clasp the remaining rod with the... crane hook , replace the rod that was removed by threading it through the crane hook , and finally lift the fixture off its storage hook . The cotter

  4. Ingestion and ejection of hooks: effects on long-term health and mortality of angler-caught yellowfin bream Acanthopagrus australis.

    PubMed

    Broadhurst, Matt K; Butcher, Paul A; Brand, Craig P; Porter, Mark

    2007-02-08

    Ninety juvenile yellowfin bream Acanthopagrus australis were angled from holding tanks, allowed to ingest nickel-plated, carbon-steel J-hooks and released (with their lines cut) into individual experimental tanks during 2 experiments in order to assess their (1) long-term (up to 105 d) health, mortality and rate of hook ejection and (2) short- and medium-term (< 42 d) temporal changes in health during hook ingestion. Equal numbers of control fish were scooped from holding tanks and similarly monitored in experimental tanks. Of 20 hook-ingested fish released during Expt 1, 3 died within 8 d, providing a non-significant mortality of 15%. Between Day 6 and Day 56 post-release, 13 of the surviving individuals ejected their hooks, which were typically oxidized to about 94% of their original weight and often broken into 2 pieces. At Day 105, there were no significant differences between the 20 control and 17 hook-ingested/-ejected fish in terms of their ability to digest and assimilate food (measured as changes in apparent digestibility coefficients), stress (measured as concentrations of plasma cortisol and glucose) or of morphological parameters that included weight (Wt) and maximum height (MH), maximum width (MW) and maximum girth (MG). During Expt 2, 3 individuals that still contained ingested hooks and 3 controls were sampled on each of 9 occasions between Day 3 and Day 42 post-release. All fish were sampled for blood cortisol and glucose and were then euthanized before being weighed and measured for total length (TL), MH, MW and MG. Hook-ingested individuals were also X-rayed to determine the position and orientation of hooks. There were no significant differences in plasma glucose between hook-ingested and control fish. Irrespective of the treatment of fish, concentrations of cortisol were elevated on some sampling occasions, indicating variable, acute stress. The MH and MG of fish were not significantly different between groups. Significant differences were detected for MG and Wt, with hook-ingested fish having weights similar to those of the control fish but a relatively greater MW (owing to stomach distension from ingested hooks) until 2 wk post-release, after which both morphological parameters generally declined. There was no significant temporal progression of hooks in the stomach of treatment fish; however, some hooks reorientated to positions that may have precluded passage along the digestive tract. We conclude that, for the J-hooks examined, cutting the line is an appropriate strategy that results in the greater majority of released hook-ingested yellowfin bream surviving with minimal negative long-term effects.

  5. Development and impact of hooks of high droplet concentration on remote southeast Pacific stratocumulus

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    George, R. C.; Wood, R.; Bretherton, C. S.; Painter, G.

    2013-07-01

    Over the southeastern Pacific (SEP), droplet concentration (Nd) in the typically unpolluted marine stratocumulus west of 80° W (> 1000 km offshore) is periodically strongly enhanced in zonally elongated "hook"-shaped features that increase albedo. Here, we examine three hook events using the chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-Chem) with 14 km horizontal resolution, satellite data, and aircraft data from the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx). A particularly strong hook yields insights into the development, decay, and radiative impact of these features. Hook development occurs with Nd increasing to polluted levels over the remote ocean primarily due to entrainment of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) from the lower free troposphere (FT). The feature advects northwestward until the FT CCN source is depleted, after which Nd decreases over a few days due to precipitation and dilution. The model suggests that the FT CCN source supplying the hook consists of high concentrations of small accumulation-mode aerosols that contribute a relatively small amount of aerosol mass to the MBL, in agreement with near-coast VOCALS measurements of polluted layers in the FT. The aerosol particles in this hook originate mainly from a pulse of offshore flow that transports Santiago-region (33-35° S) emissions to the remote marine FT. To provide pollution CCN that can sustain hooks, the FT transport of pollution plumes to the remote ocean requires strong, deep offshore flow. Such flow is favored by a trough approaching the South American coast and a southeastward shift of the climatological subtropical high-pressure system. The model simulations show precipitation suppression in the hook and a corresponding increase in liquid water path (LWP) compared with a simulation without anthropogenic sources. LWP also increases as the hook evolves over time due to increasing stability and decreasing subsidence. WRF-Chem suggests that dimethyl sulfide (DMS) significantly influences the aerosol number and size distributions in a hook, but that hooks do not form without FT CCN. The Twomey effect contributes ~ 50-70% of the albedo increase due to the presence of the hook, while secondary aerosol indirect effects and meteorological influences also contribute significantly. The source of hook aerosols is difficult to determine with the available observations alone. The model provides further explanation of the factors influencing hook formation. Two other weaker hooks during VOCALS-REx are not as well simulated but are also associated with FT offshore flow near Santiago. Hooks demonstrate the importance of free-tropospheric transport of aerosols in modulating the droplet concentration in the southeastern Pacific stratocumulus deck, and present a formidable challenge to simulate accurately in large-scale models.

  6. Hooking Up and Identity Development of Female College Students

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kooyman, Leslie; Pierce, Gloria; Zavadil, Amy

    2011-01-01

    Hooking up generally involves casual sex with noncommittal partners. Hooking up is prevalent on college campuses today and can negatively affect the identity development of female students. The authors examined this phenomenon with a feminist developmental perspective, evaluating hooking up in the context of sexual risk taking with physical and…

  7. 21 CFR 868.5420 - Ether hook.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Ether hook. 868.5420 Section 868.5420 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES ANESTHESIOLOGY DEVICES Therapeutic Devices § 868.5420 Ether hook. (a) Identification. An ether hook is a device...

  8. EDITORIAL: Roberts Prize for the best paper published in 2010 Roberts Prize for the best paper published in 2010

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Webb, Steve; Harris, Simon

    2011-08-01

    The publishers of Physics in Medicine and Biology (PMB), IOP Publishing, in association with the journal owners, the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM), jointly award an annual prize for the best paper published in PMB during the previous year. The procedure for deciding the winner has been made as thorough as possible, to try to ensure that an outstanding paper wins the prize. We started off with a shortlist of the 10 research papers published in 2010 which were rated the best based on the referees' quality assessments. Following the submission of a short 'case for winning' document by each of the shortlisted authors, an IPEM college of jurors of the status of FIPEM assessed and rated these 10 papers in order to choose a winner, which was then endorsed by the Editorial Board. We have much pleasure in advising readers that the Roberts Prize for the best paper published in 2010 is awarded to M M Paulides et al from Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, for their paper on hyperthermia treatment: The clinical feasibility of deep hyperthermia treatment in the head and neck: new challenges for positioning and temperature measurement M M Paulides, J F Bakker, M Linthorst, J van der Zee, Z Rijnen, E Neufeld, P M T Pattynama, P P Jansen, P C Levendag and G C van Rhoon 2010 Phys. Med. Biol. 55 2465 Our congratulations go to these authors. Of course all of the shortlisted papers were of great merit, and the full top-10 is listed below (in alphabetical order). Steve Webb Editor-in-Chief Simon Harris Publisher References Alonzo-Proulx O, Packard N, Boone J M, Al-Mayah A, Brock K K, Shen S Z and Yaffe M J 2010 Validation of a method for measuring the volumetric breast density from digital mammograms Phys. Med. Biol. 55 3027 Bian J, Siewerdsen J H, Han X, Sidky E Y, Prince J L, Pelizzari C A and Pan X 2010 Evaluation of sparse-view reconstruction from flat-panel-detector cone-beam CT Phys. Med. Biol. 55 6575 Brun M-A, Formanek F, Yasuda A, Sekine M, Ando N and Eishii Y 2010 Terahertz imaging applied to cancer diagnosis Phys. Med. Biol. 55 4615 Eklund K and Ahnesjö A 2010 Modeling silicon diode dose response factors for small photon fields Phys. Med. Biol. 55 7411 Kolb A, Lorenz E, Judenhofer M S, Renker D, Lankes K and Pichler B J 2010 Evaluation of Geiger-mode APDs for PET block detector designs Phys. Med. Biol. 55 1815 Lobo J and Popescu I A 2010 Two new DOSXYZnrc sources for 4D Monte Carlo simulations of continuously variable beam configurations, with applications to RapidArc, VMAT, TomoTherapy and CyberKnife Phys. Med. Biol. 55 4431 Paulides M M, Bakker J F, Linthorst M, van der Zee J, Rijnen Z, Neufeld E, Pattynama P M T, Jansen P P, Levendag P C and van Rhoon G C 2010 The clinical feasibility of deep hyperthermia treatment in the head and neck: new challenges for positioning and temperature measurement Phys. Med. Biol. 55 2465 Rockne R, Rockhill J K, Mrugala M, Spence A M, Kalet I, Hendrickson K, Lai A, Cloughesy T, Alvord E C Jr and Swanson K R 2010 Predicting the efficacy of radiotherapy in individual glioblastoma patients in vivo: a mathematical modeling approach Phys. Med. Biol. 55 3271 Wertz H et al 2010 Fast kilovoltage/megavoltage (kVMV) breathhold cone-beam CT for image-guided radiotherapy of lung cancer Phys. Med. Biol. 55 4203 Zhang B, MacFadden D, Damyanovich A Z, Rieker M, Stainsby J, Bernstein M, Jaffray D A, Mikulis D and Ménard C 2010 Development of a geometrically accurate imaging protocol at 3 Tesla MRI for stereotactic radiosurgery treatment planning Phys. Med. Biol. 55 6601

  9. Removal of a barbed fish hook from the cornea of an 8-year-old boy.

    PubMed

    Kemp, Pavlina S; Shah, Ankoor S; Elliott, Alexandra T; Wan, Michael J

    2017-10-01

    This video article shows the surgical removal of a three-pronged barbed fish hook from the cornea and anterior chamber of an 8-year-old boy. The advance-and-cut method is shown: the embedded barbed point of the fish hook was advanced through the cornea, its point was cut off, and the shank of the hook was withdrawn. This method was chosen due to the three-pronged configuration of the fish hook to minimize additional trauma to the eye. Other methods of fish hook removal are briefly reviewed. Copyright © 2017 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  10. The dynamic instability in the hook/flagellum system that triggers bacterial flicks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jabbarzadeh, Mehdi; Fu, Henry

    2017-11-01

    Dynamical bending, buckling, and polymorphic transformations of the flagellum are known to affect bacterial motility, but run-reverse-flick motility of monotrichous bacteria also involves the even more flexible hook, which connects the flagellum to the cell body. Here, we identify the dynamic buckling mechanism that produces flicks in Vibrio alginolyticus. Estimates of forces and torques on the hook from experimental observations suggest that flicks are triggered at stresses below the hook's static Euler buckling criterion. Using an accurate linearization of the Kirchoff rod model for the hook in a model of a swimming bacterium with rigid flagellum, we show that as hook stiffness decreases there is a transition from on-axis flagellar rotation with small hook deflections to flagellar precession with large deflections. When flagellum flexibility is incorporated, the precession is disrupted by significant flagellar bending - i.e., incipient flicks. The predicted onset of dynamic instabilities corresponds well with experimentally observed flick events.

  11. Fish hook injury: removal by ''push through and cut off'' technique: a case report and brief literature review.

    PubMed

    Ahmad Khan, Hayat; Kamal, Younis; Lone, Ansar Ul Haq

    2014-04-01

    Fishing is a leisure activity for some people around the world. Accidently the fish hook can get hooked in the hand. If the hook is barbed, removal becomes difficult. We report a case of such a injury in the hand and discuss the technique for its removal with a brief review of the literature. A thirty-two year old male accidently suffered a fishhook injury to his hand. He came to the orthopaedic ward two hours after the incident with pain; the fish hook was hanging from the hand. Unsuccessful attempts to remove it were made by his relatives. A push-through and cut-off technique was used for removal of barbed hook. Barbed hooks are to be removed atraumatically with controlled incision over properly anaesthetised skin. Proper wound management and prophylactic antibiotics suitable for treatment of Aeromonas species should be initiated to prevent complications.

  12. Getting Hooked on Physics!

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McHugh, M.; McCauley, V.

    2016-01-01

    A number of papers in this journal have dealt with the idea of using hooks in physics instruction. A hook, as the name suggests, engages students in learning by triggering their attention and interest. Hooks can be any type of pedagogical approach--a question, a demonstration, a puzzle or video. They are generally short and center on the most…

  13. Sidney Hook's Pragmatic Anti-Communism: Commitment to Democracy as Method

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ferriter, Courtney

    2017-01-01

    In recent years, opposition to Communism has emerged as Sidney Hook's central philosophical legacy in the eyes of scholars and historians, who tend to ignore all of Hook's pre-Cold War philosophical contributions. Furthermore, critics who treat Hook's anti-Communism often accuse him of abandoning pragmatism for dogmatism in his later career. In…

  14. 30 CFR 56.19075 - Use of open hooks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Use of open hooks. 56.19075 Section 56.19075 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Hoisting Procedures § 56.19075 Use of open hooks. Open hooks shall not be used to hoist buckets or other...

  15. 30 CFR 56.19075 - Use of open hooks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Use of open hooks. 56.19075 Section 56.19075 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Hoisting Procedures § 56.19075 Use of open hooks. Open hooks shall not be used to hoist buckets or other...

  16. 30 CFR 56.19075 - Use of open hooks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Use of open hooks. 56.19075 Section 56.19075 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Hoisting Procedures § 56.19075 Use of open hooks. Open hooks shall not be used to hoist buckets or other...

  17. 30 CFR 57.19075 - Use of open hooks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Use of open hooks. 57.19075 Section 57.19075 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Hoisting Procedures § 57.19075 Use of open hooks. Open hooks shall not be used to hoist buckets or other...

  18. 30 CFR 56.19075 - Use of open hooks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Use of open hooks. 56.19075 Section 56.19075 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Hoisting Procedures § 56.19075 Use of open hooks. Open hooks shall not be used to hoist buckets or other...

  19. 30 CFR 57.19075 - Use of open hooks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Use of open hooks. 57.19075 Section 57.19075 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Hoisting Procedures § 57.19075 Use of open hooks. Open hooks shall not be used to hoist buckets or other...

  20. 30 CFR 57.19075 - Use of open hooks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Use of open hooks. 57.19075 Section 57.19075 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Hoisting Procedures § 57.19075 Use of open hooks. Open hooks shall not be used to hoist buckets or other...

  1. 30 CFR 57.19075 - Use of open hooks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Use of open hooks. 57.19075 Section 57.19075 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Hoisting Procedures § 57.19075 Use of open hooks. Open hooks shall not be used to hoist buckets or other...

  2. 30 CFR 56.19075 - Use of open hooks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Use of open hooks. 56.19075 Section 56.19075 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Hoisting Procedures § 56.19075 Use of open hooks. Open hooks shall not be used to hoist buckets or other...

  3. 30 CFR 57.19075 - Use of open hooks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Use of open hooks. 57.19075 Section 57.19075 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Hoisting Procedures § 57.19075 Use of open hooks. Open hooks shall not be used to hoist buckets or other...

  4. Role of PIN-mediated auxin efflux in apical hook development of Arabidopsis thaliana.

    PubMed

    Zádníková, Petra; Petrásek, Jan; Marhavy, Peter; Raz, Vered; Vandenbussche, Filip; Ding, Zhaojun; Schwarzerová, Katerina; Morita, Miyo T; Tasaka, Masao; Hejátko, Jan; Van Der Straeten, Dominique; Friml, Jirí; Benková, Eva

    2010-02-01

    The apical hook of dark-grown Arabidopsis seedlings is a simple structure that develops soon after germination to protect the meristem tissues during emergence through the soil and that opens upon exposure to light. Differential growth at the apical hook proceeds in three sequential steps that are regulated by multiple hormones, principally auxin and ethylene. We show that the progress of the apical hook through these developmental phases depends on the dynamic, asymmetric distribution of auxin, which is regulated by auxin efflux carriers of the PIN family. Several PIN proteins exhibited specific, partially overlapping spatial and temporal expression patterns, and their subcellular localization suggested auxin fluxes during hook development. Genetic manipulation of individual PIN activities interfered with different stages of hook development, implying that specific combinations of PIN genes are required for progress of the apical hook through the developmental phases. Furthermore, ethylene might modulate apical hook development by prolonging the formation phase and strongly suppressing the maintenance phase. This ethylene effect is in part mediated by regulation of PIN-dependent auxin efflux and auxin signaling.

  5. Acanthocephalans from fishes and amphibians in Vietnam, with descriptions of five new species.

    PubMed

    Amin, Omar Mohamed; Heckmann, Richard Anderson; Van Ha, Nguyen

    2014-01-01

    Eight species of acanthocephalans are reported, and five are new. Specimens of Neoechinorhynchus (Hebesoma) manubrianus Amin, Ha & Ha, 2011 were similar to the original description. Neoechinorhynchus (Hebesoma) spiramuscularis n. sp. (Neoechinorhynchidae), from Xenocypris davidi, has a unique proboscis receptacle wrapped in a spiral muscular layer, and an undulating flask-shaped lemnisci, as well as double para-receptacle structures. Heterosentis mongcai n. sp. (Arhythmacanthidae), from Acreichthys sp., has a small fusiform trunk with an unarmed cone and anterior trunk spines, and a proboscis with two circles of rooted apical hooks and 3-4 circles of rooted posterior spines as well as a para-receptacle-like structure at the posterior end. The poorly known Filisoma indicum Van Cleave, 1928 is fully described and illustrated for the first time. Acanthocephalus parallelcementglandatus n. sp. (Echinorhynchidae), from Clarias batrachus, is distinguished from other species of Acanthocephalus by its small fusiform trunk and parallel tubular cement glands. Pseudoacanthocephalus coniformis n. sp. (Echinorhynchidae), from Hylarana sp., is distinguished from other species by having an anterior trunk collar and staggered prominent filiform cement glands, among other features. Cathayacanthus spinitruncatus n. sp. (Rhadinorhynchidae), from Leiognathus equulus, is distinguished from the only two known species of the genus by having a very long and slender proboscis with more than 50 hooks per row and a totally spined trunk. The generic diagnosis of Cathayacanthus Golvan, 1969 is emended. Rhadinorhynchus johnstoni Golvan, 1969 (Rhadinorhynchidae) perfectly fits the only complete description of that species from the Fiji Islands. © O.M. Amin et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2014.

  6. Arthroscopic Diagnosis of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Foveal Tear: A Cadaver Assessment.

    PubMed

    Trehan, Samir K; Wall, Lindley B; Calfee, Ryan P; Shen, Tony S; Dy, Christopher J; Yannascoli, Sarah M; Goldfarb, Charles A

    2018-01-25

    To determine whether the arthroscopic hook and trampoline tests are accurate and reliable diagnostic tests for foveal triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) detachment. Wrist arthroscopy was performed on 10 cadaveric upper extremities. Arthroscopic hook and trampoline tests were performed and videos recorded (baseline). The deep foveal TFCC insertion was then sharply detached. Arthroscopic hook and trampoline tests were repeated. Subsequently, the foveal detachment was repaired via an ulnar tunnel technique and the hook test was repeated for a third time. Videos were independently reviewed at 2 time points by 2 fellowship-trained hand surgeons and 1 hand surgery fellow in a randomized and blinded fashion. Hook and trampoline tests were graded as positive or negative. Proportions of categorical variables were compared via 2-tailed Fisher exact test. Inter- and intraobserver reliabilities were assessed via Cohen kappa coefficient. The sensitivity and specificity of the hook test for foveal detachment diagnosis were 90% and 90%, respectively. There was 90% agreement among all 3 observers for the baseline and foveal detachment hook tests. Cohen kappa coefficients for the inter- and intraobserver reliabilities of the hook test were 0.87 and 0.81, respectively. Seventeen percent of trampoline tests were positive at baseline versus 43% after foveal detachment. The trampoline test had 45% agreement between the 3 observers. Cohen kappa coefficients for the inter- and intraobserver reliabilities of the trampoline test were 0.16 and 0.63, respectively. Following ulnar tunnel repair, 20% of hook tests were positive. The hook test is highly sensitive, specific, and reliable for the diagnosis of isolated TFCC foveal detachment. The trampoline test has insufficient reliability to assess foveal detachment. A TFCC foveal repair using an ulnar tunnel technique returns the hook test to baseline. The hook test is a sensitive, specific, and reliable test for the diagnosis of isolated TFCC foveal detachment. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. Cut-it-out technique for ocular fish-hook injury.

    PubMed

    Ahmad, Syed Shoeb; Seng, Chiang Wai; Ghani, Shuaibah Abdul; Lee, Jane F

    2013-10-01

    An 11-year-old boy was involved in an injury with a fish-hook to his eye. The hook had impaled itself to the cornea and deeper structures. There was associated corneal edema and hyphema, making visualization difficult. In this case, we performed the unusual "cut-it-out" technique to remove the hook from the eye.

  8. String Technique for Anterior Orbital Fish Hook Removal.

    PubMed

    Starr, Matthew R; Choi, Michael B; Mahr, Michael A; Mettu, Pradeep; Patterson, David F

    2018-06-13

    Removing fish hooks is a common procedure performed by many emergency department providers. There are several techniques that are commonly employed to aid in successful removal. However, when a fish hook becomes embedded within the orbit, there are limited options as to avoid damaging vital surrounding structures. The authors report the removal of a fish hook within the anterior orbit using the string technique in a 25-year-old patient. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia with the aid of size 5 polyglactin suture wrapped around the hook. The procedure itself took less than 10 seconds and was successful in swiftly and safely removing the hook without damaging surrounding orbital structures. The patient recovered well without any permanent sequelae.

  9. Hook2 is involved in the morphogenesis of the primary cilium

    PubMed Central

    Baron Gaillard, Carole L.; Pallesi-Pocachard, Emilie; Massey-Harroche, Dominique; Richard, Fabrice; Arsanto, Jean-Pierre; Chauvin, Jean-Paul; Lecine, Patrick; Krämer, Helmut; Borg, Jean-Paul; Le Bivic, André

    2011-01-01

    Primary cilia originate from the centrosome and play essential roles in several cellular, developmental, and pathological processes, but the underlying mechanisms of ciliogenesis are not fully understood. Given the involvement of the adaptor protein Hook2 in centrosomal homeostasis and protein transport to pericentrosomal aggresomes, we explored its role in ciliogenesis. We found that in human retinal epithelial cells, Hook2 localizes at the Golgi apparatus and centrosome/basal body, a strategic partitioning for ciliogenesis. Of importance, Hook2 depletion disrupts ciliogenesis at a stage before the formation of the ciliary vesicle at the distal tip of the mother centriole. Using two hybrid and immunoprecipitation assays and a small interfering RNA strategy, we found that Hook2 interacts with and stabilizes pericentriolar material protein 1 (PCM1), which was reported to be essential for the recruitment of Rab8a, a GTPase that is believed to be crucial for membrane transport to the primary cilium. Of interest, GFP::Rab8a coimmunoprecipitates with endogenous Hook2 and PCM1. Finally, GFP::Rab8a can overcome Hook2 depletion, demonstrating a functional interaction between Hook2 and these two important regulators of ciliogenesis. The data indicate that Hook2 interacts with PCM1 in a complex that also contains Rab8a and regulates a limiting step required for further initiation of ciliogenesis after centriole maturation. PMID:21998199

  10. The Topic Is Sandy Hook: A Program for Gifted and Talented Students at Sandy Hook.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Grant, David

    "The Topic Is Sandy Hook" is an experiential 10-week program designed to provide special opportunities and educational experiences for 6th to 10th grade gifted and talented students. Sandy Hook, a natural resource in Monmouth County, New Jersey, is unique in its physical and historical features and provides an exceptionally rich environment in…

  11. 49 CFR 393.134 - What are the rules for securing roll-on/roll-off or hook lift containers?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... or hook lift containers? 393.134 Section 393.134 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to... for securing roll-on/roll-off or hook lift containers? (a) Applicability. The rules in this section apply to the transportation of roll-on/roll-off or hook lift containers. (b) Securement of a roll-on...

  12. 49 CFR 393.134 - What are the rules for securing roll-on/roll-off or hook lift containers?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... or hook lift containers? 393.134 Section 393.134 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to... for securing roll-on/roll-off or hook lift containers? (a) Applicability. The rules in this section apply to the transportation of roll-on/roll-off or hook lift containers. (b) Securement of a roll-on...

  13. Education as a Practice of Freedom: Reflections on bell hooks

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Specia, Akello; Osman, Ahmed A.

    2015-01-01

    This paper critically analyses the conceptions of bell hooks on education. It focuses on the relevance of hook's ideas to the classroom. It is a theoretical paper based on secondary data that seeks to contribute to the growing body of knowledge in education. The paper is a reflection of hook's reaction to education as a practice of freedom, the…

  14. The Relationship Between Perceived Hookup Attitudes and Negative Hookup Consequences: Do Perceived Attitudes of Close Friends Matter?

    PubMed

    Montes, Kevin S; Blanco, Lyzette; LaBrie, Joseph W

    2017-01-01

    Research suggests that the perceived hookup attitudes of close referents are generally a poor predictor of hookup behavior and likely a poor direct predictor of negative hookup consequences. The current study aimed to examine three intervening variables as mediators of the relationship between the perceived hookup attitudes of college students' close friends and negative hookup consequences (e.g., regret, embarrassment). Self-report data were collected from 589 heavy-drinking college students from three midsized universities. The results indicated that students' own attitudes toward hooking up, motivation to hook up, and self-reported number of hookup partners significantly mediated the relationship between the perceived hookup attitudes of close friends and negative hookup consequences. The perceived hookup attitudes of close friends were positively associated with participants' attitudes toward hooking up. Participants' attitudes toward hooking up were positively associated with social-sexual motivation to hook up. Elevated social-sexual motivation to hook up was positively associated with hooking up with multiple partners, with hooking up with multiple partners positively associated with negative hookup consequences. A better understanding of the predictors and mediators of negative hookup consequences has the potential to inform prevention and intervention efforts.

  15. [Comparison between J-hook and micro-implant anchorage in the treatment of patients with bimaxillary protrusion].

    PubMed

    Chen, Wen-Jing; Li, Qing-Yi; Gong, Ai-Xiu; Hu, Fang; Gu, Yong-Jia

    2008-02-01

    To compare the difference between J-hook and micro-implant anchorage in the treatment of patient with bimaxillary protrusion. Thirty patients with bimaxillary protrusion were divided into two groups (J-hook and micro-implant groups) and treated with MBT appliance. Four first premolars were extracted in all patients. Cephalometric analyses were carried out before and after treatment. In J-hook group and micro-implant group,computerized cephalometric analysis revealed that before treatment U6C-PP was (12.4 +/- 0.2) mm and (12.5 +/- 0.1) mm, respectively,and after treatment U6C-PP was (12.6 +/- 0.1) mm and (12.8 +/- 0.1) mm,respectively. The difference between J-hook group and microimplant group was significant (P < 0.01). The other differences of cephalometric analyses between J-hook group and micro-implant group was not significant. Both J-hook and micro-implant could provide adequate anchorage in the treatment of patients with bimaxillary protrusion.

  16. Designing physics video hooks for science students

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    McHugh, M.; McCauley, V.

    2016-01-01

    This paper offers an insight into the design structure of physics video hooks that were developed by the Science Education Resource design team in the school of education (SOE) in National University of Ireland, Galway (NUI Galway). A hook, is an instructional technique used to stimulate student attention (Hunter 1994, Lemov 2010), interest (Jewett 2013) and engagement (McCrory 2011, Riendeau 2013). The physics video hooks followed a design framework that is illustrated below by breaking down the centre of gravity (COG) hook. Various design principles and elements embedded within the COG hook are presented with examples and the time they occur within the video. The intention of this article is that the design can be replicated and modified to aid teachers and designers in the development of a multitude of classroom based multimedia resources.

  17. 78 FR 23864 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher/Processors Using Hook...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-23

    ... Catcher/Processors Using Hook-and-line Gear in the Western Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska AGENCY.../processors (C/Ps) using hook-and-line gear in the Western Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). This... catch apportioned to C/Ps using hook-and-line gear in the Western Regulatory Area of the GOA. DATES...

  18. 77 FR 11776 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher/Processors Using Hook...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-28

    .../Processors Using Hook-and-Line Gear in the Central Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska AGENCY: National... (C/Ps) using hook-and-line gear in the Central Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). This... catch apportioned to C/Ps using hook-and-line gear in the Central Regulatory Area of the GOA. DATES...

  19. Morphological analysis of acromion and hook plate for the fixation of acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

    PubMed

    Yoon, Jong Pil; Lee, Yeon Soo; Song, Geun Soo; Oh, Joo Han

    2017-03-01

    Acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation is a common sports injury. Hook plate fixation is currently widely used to treat this injury, as it can promote the natural healing of the ligament with good clinical outcomes. However, subacromial erosion and impingement are frequently observed post-operatively. It was hypothesized that the morphology and the contact characteristics between the hook portion and the acromion are the main causes of complications after hook plate fixation with the currently available commercial designs. Three-dimensional reconstructed models of the AC joint obtained from the computed tomographic scans of 23 male and 23 female patients (mean age, 61.1 ± 6.3 years) were evaluated, and multiple anatomical parameters were measured. For the subacromial positioning of the hook plate, an actual hook plate (Synthes Inc., West Chester, PA, USA) was scanned, and the contact between the hook plate and the acromion was estimated. The thicknesses of the acromion and distal clavicle were 9.7 ± 1.5 mm (10.7 mm in men; 8.6 mm in women) and 11.3 ± 1.6 mm (11.6 mm in men; 10.0 mm in women), respectively. The width of the acromion was 28.5 ± 3.6 mm. The mean inclination angle between the hook plate and the acromion was 29.3° ± 9.7° (27.9° in men; 30.6° in women). The hook plate made a point contact with the acromion at 9.2 ± 3.3 mm (31.5 %) from the lateral end of the acromion. The results revealed that the hook made a pinpoint contact with the undersurface of the acromion, and this might explain why complications commonly occur after hook plate fixation. The force concentration phenomenon associated with the hook plate of existing designs results from cases of morphological mismatch, such as excessive inclination and improper occupation of the subacromial space.

  20. Preventing distal pullout of posterior spine instrumentation in thoracic hyperkyphosis: a biomechanical analysis.

    PubMed

    Sun, Edward; Alkalay, Ron; Vader, David; Snyder, Brian D

    2009-06-01

    An in vitro biomechanical study. Compare the mechanical behavior of 5 different constructs used to terminate dual-rod posterior spinal instrumentation in resisting forward flexion moment. Failure of the distal fixation construct can be a significant problem for patients undergoing surgical treatment for thoracic hyperkyphosis. We hypothesize that augmenting distal pedicle screws with infralaminar hooks or sublaminar cables significantly increases the strength and stiffness of these constructs. Thirty-seven thoracolumbar (T12 to L2) calf spines were implanted with 5 configurations of distal constructs: (1) infralaminar hooks, (2) sublaminar cables, (3) pedicle screws, (4) pedicle screws+infralaminar hooks, and (5) pedicle screws+sublaminar cables. Progressive bending moment was applied to each construct until failure. The mode of failure was noted and the construct's stiffness and failure load determined from the load-displacement curves. Bone density and vertebral dimensions were equivalent among the groups (F=0.1 to 0.9, P>0.05). One-way analysis of covariance (adjusted for differences in density and vertebral dimension) demonstrated that all of the screw-constructs (screw, screw+hook, and screw+cable) exhibited significantly higher stiffness and ultimate failure loads compared with either sublaminar hook or cable alone (P<0.05). The screw+hook constructs (109+/-11 Nm/mm) were significantly stiffer than either screws alone (88+/-17 Nm/mm) or screw+cable (98+/-13 Nm/mm) constructs, P<0.05. Screw+cable construct exhibited significantly higher failure load (1336+/-328 N) compared with screw constructs (1102+/-256 N, P<0.05), whereas not statistically different from the screw+hook construct (1220+/-75 N). The cable and hook constructs failed by laminar fracture, screw construct failed in uniaxial shear (pullout), whereas the screws+(hooks or wires) failed by fracture of caudal vertebral body. Posterior dual rod constructs fixed distally using pedicle screws were stiffer and stronger in resisting forward flexion compared with cables or hooks alone. Augmenting these screws with either infralaminar hooks or sublaminar cables provided additional resistance to failure.

  1. Influence of hook position on phototropic and gravitropic curvature by etiolated hypocotyls of Arabidopsis thaliana

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Khurana, J. P.; Best, T. R.; Poff, K. L.

    1989-01-01

    Phototropic and gravitropic curvature by hypocotyls of Arabidopsis thaliana is minimal when the side of the hook with the cotyledons attached is positioned toward the direction of tropistic curvature, and maximal when that side of the hook is positioned away from the direction of tropistic curvature. Based on these data, it is proposed that the position of the hook with attached cotyledons affects curvature and not stimulus perception. A randomly oriented population of plants exhibited considerable heterogeneity in tropistic curvature. This heterogeneity arises at least in part from the dependence of curvature on the position of the hook.

  2. Influence of hook position on phototropic and gravitropic curvature by etiolated hypocotyls of Arabidopsis thaliana.

    PubMed

    Khurana, J P; Best, T R; Poff, K L

    1989-01-01

    Phototropic and gravitropic curvature by hypocotyls of Arabidopsis thaliana is minimal when the side of the hook with the cotyledons attached is positioned toward the direction of tropistic curvature, and maximal when that side of the hook is positioned away from the direction of tropistic curvature. Based on these data, it is proposed that the position of the hook with attached cotyledons affects curvature and not stimulus perception. A randomly oriented population of plants exhibited considerable heterogeneity in tropistic curvature. This heterogeneity arises at least in part from the dependence of curvature on the position of the hook.

  3. Study on The Geopolymer Concrete Properties Reinforced with Hooked Steel Fiber

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Abdullah, M. M. A. B.; Tahir, M. F. M.; Tajudin, M. A. F. M. A.; Ekaputri, J. J.; Bayuaji, R.; Khatim, N. A. M.

    2017-11-01

    In this research, Class F fly ash and a mixture of alkaline activators and different amount of hooked steel fiber were used for preparing geopolymer concrete. In order to analyses the effect of hooked steel fiber on the geopolymer concrete, the analysis such as chemical composition of fly ash, workability of fresh geopolymer, water absorption, density, compressive strength of hardened geopolymer concrete have been carried out. Mixtures were prepared with fly ash to alkaline liquid ratio of 2.0 with hooked steel fibers were added to the mix with different amounts which are 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% by the weight of the concrete. Experimental results showed that the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete increases as the hooked steel fibers increases. The optimum compressive strength obtained was up to 87.83 MPa on the 14th day. The density of geopolymer concrete are in the range between 2466 kg/m3 to 2501 kg/m3. In addition, the workability value of geopolymer without hooked steel fibers is 100 mm while the workability value of geopolymer with hooked steel fibers are between 60 mm to 30 mm.

  4. The SMP mobilizes a bright idea: a CSM cinema on wheels.

    PubMed

    1985-01-01

    The Bangladesh Family Planning Social Marketing Project (SMP) provides 1 of the best examples of the use of the mass media to promote social marketing. Using a fleet of 7 vans and 1 motor launch, the SMP brings films about family planning to more than a million rural couples a month living in isolated villages. Each film unit has two 16 mm projectors, a generator, a screen and speaker system and is operated by a projectionist and an assistant. 1 mobile unit gives about 25 shows a month at a cost of $75US per show, or less than 2 cents per person. The message reels and advertising spots were produced in Bangladesh, and the musical numbers are taken from local feature films. Every 3-4 months, the vans switch message and musical films, but all units keep separate copies of the advertising spots for Raja and Panther condoms and Maya and Ovacon pills. The motivational films were developed through extensive research, and they address basic social issues. During the show, various promotional items are sold, including calendars with family planning messages, plastic bags, key rings, and contraceptives. According to Robert Ciszewski, executive director of Population Services International, these mobile films are making a profound social change in Bangladesh.

  5. 46 CFR 173.007 - Location of the hook load.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... PERTAINING TO VESSEL USE Lifting § 173.007 Location of the hook load. When doing the calculations required in this subpart, the hook load must be considered to be located at the head of the crane. ...

  6. Prevalence of Ingested Fish Hooks in Freshwater Turtles from Five Rivers in the Southeastern United States

    PubMed Central

    Steen, David A.; Hopkins, Brittney C.; Van Dyke, James U.; Hopkins, William A.

    2014-01-01

    Freshwater turtles may ingest baited fish hooks because many are opportunistic scavengers. Although the ingestion of fish hooks is known to be a source of mortality in multiple vertebrate groups, the prevalence of hook ingestion by freshwater turtles has not been well studied. We trapped turtles from five rivers in the southeastern United States and used radiographs to examine over 600 individuals of four species. Depending on the species, sex, and age class, 0–33% of turtles contained ingested fish hooks. For some species, larger turtles were more likely to contain a fish hook than smaller individuals. Freshwater turtle demography suggests that even small increases in adult mortality may lead to population declines. If our study areas are representative of other aquatic systems that receive fishing pressure, this work likely identifies a potential conflict between a widespread, common recreational activity (i.e., fishing) and an imperiled taxonomic group. PMID:24621919

  7. Cooling system for three hook ring segment

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Campbell, Christian X.; Eng, Darryl; Lee, Ching-Pang

    2014-08-26

    A triple hook ring segment including forward, midsection and aft mounting hooks for engagement with respective hangers formed on a ring segment carrier for supporting a ring segment panel, and defining a forward high pressure chamber and an aft low pressure chamber on opposing sides of the midsection mounting hook. An isolation plate is provided on the aft side of the midsection mounting hook to form an isolation chamber between the aft low pressure chamber and the ring segment panel. High pressure air is supplied to the forward chamber and flows to the isolation chamber through crossover passages in themore » midsection hook. The isolation chamber provides convection cooling air to an aft portion of the ring segment panel and enables a reduction of air pressure in the aft low pressure chamber to reduce leakage flow of cooling air from the ring segment.« less

  8. Thunderstorm-scale variations of echoes associated with left-turn tornado families

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Forbes, G. S.

    1977-01-01

    The origin of tornadoes is studied on the basis of changing radar echo shapes and tornado location relative to the echoes. Three types of tornadoes appear to be associated with different hook echo configurations. No-turn or right-turn tornadoes are linked to a steady hook which does not change shape or orientation. Left-turn tornado families are generated in cases where the hook is unsteady and changes orientation at each successive tornado birth. Finally, left-turn tornado families may also be formed when the hook undergoes no orientation change and the tornadoes move along the rear of the hook. The correlation between a thunderstorm-scale cycle and periodic tornado production is also discussed.

  9. Morphological and molecular data for a new species of Pomphorhynchus Monticelli, 1905 (Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchidae) in the Mexican redhorse Moxostoma austrinum Bean (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae) in central Mexico.

    PubMed

    García-Varela, Martín; Mendoza-Garfias, Berenit; Choudhury, Anindo; Pérez-Ponce de León, Gerardo

    2017-11-01

    Pomphorhynchus purhepechus n. sp. is described from the intestine of the Mexican redhorse Moxostoma austrinum Bean (Catostomidae) in central Mexico. The new species can be distinguished from the other seven described species of Pomphorhynchus Monticelli, 1905 in the Americas by a subspherical proboscis and 14 longitudinal rows with 16-18 hooks each; the third and the fourth row of hooks are alternately longest. Sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene and the large subunit (LSU) rDNA (including the domains D2-D3) were used to corroborate the morphological distinction between the new species and Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919, a species widely distributed in several freshwater fish species across Canada, USA, and Mexico. The genetic divergence estimated between the new species and the isolates of P. bulbocolli ranged between 13 and 14% for cox1, and between 0.6 and 0.8% for LSU. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses of each dataset showed that the isolates of P. bulbocolli parasitising freshwater fishes from three families, the Catostomidae, Cyprinidae and Centrarchidae, represent a separate lineage, and that the acanthocephalans collected from two localities in central Mexico comprise an independent lineage. In addition, our analysis of the genetic variation of P. bulbocolli demonstrates that individuals of this acanthocephalan from different host species are conspecific. Finally, the distribution, host-association, and phylogenetic relationship of the new species, when placed in the context of the region's geological history, suggest that both host and parasite underwent speciation after their ancestors became isolated in Central Mexico.

  10. Clathrin-Mediated Auxin Efflux and Maxima Regulate Hypocotyl Hook Formation and Light-Stimulated Hook Opening in Arabidopsis.

    PubMed

    Yu, Qinqin; Zhang, Ying; Wang, Juan; Yan, Xu; Wang, Chao; Xu, Jian; Pan, Jianwei

    2016-01-04

    The establishment of auxin maxima by PIN-FORMED 3 (PIN3)- and AUXIN RESISTANT 1/LIKE AUX1 (LAX) 3 (AUX1/LAX3)-mediated auxin transport is essential for hook formation in Arabidopsis hypocotyls. Until now, however, the underlying regulatory mechanism has remained poorly understood. Here, we show that loss of function of clathrin light chain CLC2 and CLC3 genes enhanced auxin maxima and thereby hook curvature, alleviated the inhibitory effect of auxin overproduction on auxin maxima and hook curvature, and delayed blue light-stimulated auxin maxima reduction and hook opening. Moreover, pharmacological experiments revealed that auxin maxima formation and hook curvature in clc2 clc3 were sensitive to auxin efflux inhibitors 1-naphthylphthalamic acid and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid but not to the auxin influx inhibitor 1-naphthoxyacetic acid. Live-cell imaging analysis further uncovered that loss of CLC2 and CLC3 function impaired PIN3 endocytosis and promoted its lateralization in the cortical cells but did not affect AUX1 localization. Taken together, these results suggest that clathrin regulates auxin maxima and thereby hook formation through modulating PIN3 localization and auxin efflux, providing a novel mechanism that integrates developmental signals and environmental cues to regulate plant skotomorphogenesis and photomorphogenesis. Copyright © 2016 The Author. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  11. Sandy Hook : alternative access concept plan and vehicle replacement study

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2009-06-01

    This study addresses two critical issues of concern to the Sandy Hook Unit of Gateway National : Recreational Area: (1) options for alternative access to Sandy Hook during peak summer season, : particularly when the park is closed to private vehicles...

  12. Use of the S-hook for Pelvic Fixation in Rib-Based Treatment of Early-Onset Scoliosis: A Multicenter Study.

    PubMed

    Ramirez, Norman; Flynn, John M; Smith, John T; Vitale, Michael; Sturm, Peter F; DʼAmato, Charles; Samdani, Amer; Machiavelli, Raul; El-Hawary, Ron

    2015-06-01

    Retrospective review. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how several preoperative variables affect the outcome using the rib-to-pelvis S-hook constructs of a rib-based distraction implant (Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib). Rib-to-pelvis fixation with S-hooks is one of the options for distal anchoring of rib-based distraction growing rod construct to control early-onset spinal deformity. Since the initial report, the indications of pelvic fixation with S-hooks have been extended and modified. This is an institutional review board-approved retrospective study of patients who underwent rib-based growing rod system surgery-rib-to-pelvis construct with Dunn-McCarthy S-hook. Data evaluation included history, physical examination, preoperative and postoperative radiographs, surgical variables, and complications. Sixty-five patients were evaluated; 38 were male and 27 were female. Mean age at initial procedure was 71 months. The mean follow-up was 46 months. There was a statistically significant improvement of the immediate postoperative Cobb angle and the last follow-up Cobb angle (P < 0.0001). Fifty percent of the patients (32/65) had S-hook-related complications. The most common complication was sliding of the S-hook out of the iliac crest, followed by infection, neuropathic pain, distal migration of more than 2 cm, fracture of the hook, and bursitis. The complications were related to the preoperative ambulatory status, the use of end-to-end rod connectors, surgical time, and not positioning the hook over the central one-third of the iliac crest at the initial implantation. The use of the S-hook as a pelvic attachment of the rib-based system is indicated in nonambulatory patients with progressive, early-onset scoliosis curve with a lack of adequate anchor at the lumbar spine. Several technical factors should be considered to reduce the complication rate. 3.

  13. Effects of hook plate on shoulder function after treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

    PubMed

    Chen, Chang-Hong; Dong, Qi-Rong; Zhou, Rong-Kui; Zhen, Hua-Qing; Jiao, Ya-Jun

    2014-01-01

    Internal fixation with hook plate has been used to treat acromioclavicular joint dislocation. This study aims to evaluate the effect of its use on shoulder function, to further analyze the contributing factors, and provide a basis for selection and design of improved internal fixation treatment of the acromioclavicular joint dislocation in the future. A retrospective analysis was performed on patients treated with a hook plate for acromioclavicular joint dislocation in our hospital from January 2010 to February 2013. There were 33 cases in total, including 25 males and 8 females, with mean age of 48.27 ± 8.7 years. There were 29 cases of Rockwood type III acromioclavicular dislocation, 4 cases of type V. The Constant-Murley shoulder function scoring system was used to evaluate the shoulder function recovery status after surgery. Anteroposterior shoulder X-ray was used to assess the position of the hook plate, status of acromioclavicular joint reduction and the occurrence of postoperative complications. According to the Constant-Murley shoulder function scoring system, the average scores were 78 ± 6 points 8 to 12 months after the surgery and before the removal of the hook plate, the average scores were 89 ± 5 minutes two months after the removal of hook plate. Postoperative X-ray imaging showed osteolysis in 10 cases (30.3%), osteoarthritis in six cases (18.1%), osteolysis associated with osteoarthritis in four cases(12.1%), and steel hook broken in one case (3%). The use of hook plate on open reduction and internal fixation of the acromioclavicular joint dislocation had little adverse effect on shoulder function and is an effective method for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Osteoarthritis and osteolysis are the two common complications after hook plate use, which are associated with the impairment of shoulder function. Shoulder function will be improved after removal of the hook plate.

  14. Trypanorhynch cestodes (Eutetrarhynchidae) from batoids along the coast of Argentina, including the description of new species in Dollfusiella Campbell et Beveridge, 1994 and Mecistobothrium Heinz et Dailey, 1974.

    PubMed

    Menoret, Adriana; Ivanov, Veronica A

    2015-09-07

    During a recent parasitological survey of elasmobranchs along the coast of Argentina, two new species of eutetrarhynchid cestodes of the genera Dollfusiella Campbell et Beveridge, 1994 and Mecistobothrium Heinz et Dailey, 1974 were collected from batoids. Dollfusiella acuta sp. n. was found in four arhynchobatid skates, i.e. Sympterygia acuta Garman (type host), Sympterygia bonapartii Müller et Henle, Atlantoraja castelnaui (Miranda Ribeiro) and Atlantoraja platana (Günther), and Mecistobothrium oblongum sp. n. in the eagle ray Myliobatis goodei Garman. Dollfusiella acuta sp. n. has a tentacular armature consisting of basal rows of uncinate hooks, a distinct basal swelling with uncinate, falcate and bill hooks, and a heteroacanthous metabasal armature with heteromorphous hooks (bothrial uncinate hooks and antibothrial falcate hooks), hooks 1(1') not separated, testes in two columns and an internal seminal vesicle. The tentacular armature of M. oblongum sp. n. is characterised by basal rows of uncinate hooks, a basal swelling with uncinate and falcate hooks, a typical heteroacanthous metabasal armature with heteromorphous hooks (uncinate and falcate to spiniform), and hooks 1(1') separated and of a constant size along the tentacle. It also possesses an elongate scolex, numerous testes arranged in 5-6 irregular columns, and an internal seminal vesicle. The discovery of M. oblongum in M. goodei represents the first record of species of Mecistobothrium in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. An amended description of Dollfusiella cortezensis (Friggens et Duszynski, 2005) is also provided to clarify details of the scolex and tentacular armature. Members of Dollfusiella in the southwestern Atlantic are specific to a single host species or to a particular host family, while M. oblongum was found in a single host species. Although globally some plerocerci of eutetrarhynchids have been found in teleosts, extensive examination of teleosts off the coast of Argentina suggests that the transmission pathways of these species are exclusively based on invertebrates as intermediate or paratenic hosts.

  15. Effects of hook plate on shoulder function after treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation

    PubMed Central

    Chen, Chang-Hong; Dong, Qi-Rong; Zhou, Rong-Kui; Zhen, Hua-Qing; Jiao, Ya-Jun

    2014-01-01

    Introduction: Internal fixation with hook plate has been used to treat acromioclavicular joint dislocation. This study aims to evaluate the effect of its use on shoulder function, to further analyze the contributing factors, and provide a basis for selection and design of improved internal fixation treatment of the acromioclavicular joint dislocation in the future. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients treated with a hook plate for acromioclavicular joint dislocation in our hospital from January 2010 to February 2013. There were 33 cases in total, including 25 males and 8 females, with mean age of 48.27 ± 8.7 years. There were 29 cases of Rockwood type III acromioclavicular dislocation, 4 cases of type V. The Constant-Murley shoulder function scoring system was used to evaluate the shoulder function recovery status after surgery. Anteroposterior shoulder X-ray was used to assess the position of the hook plate, status of acromioclavicular joint reduction and the occurrence of postoperative complications. Results: According to the Constant-Murley shoulder function scoring system, the average scores were 78 ± 6 points 8 to 12 months after the surgery and before the removal of the hook plate, the average scores were 89 ± 5 minutes two months after the removal of hook plate. Postoperative X-ray imaging showed osteolysis in 10 cases (30.3%), osteoarthritis in six cases (18.1%), osteolysis associated with osteoarthritis in four cases(12.1%), and steel hook broken in one case (3%). Conclusion: The use of hook plate on open reduction and internal fixation of the acromioclavicular joint dislocation had little adverse effect on shoulder function and is an effective method for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Osteoarthritis and osteolysis are the two common complications after hook plate use, which are associated with the impairment of shoulder function. Shoulder function will be improved after removal of the hook plate. PMID:25356110

  16. Flagellar Hook Flexibility Is Essential for Bundle Formation in Swimming Escherichia coli Cells

    PubMed Central

    Brown, Mostyn T.; Steel, Bradley C.; Silvestrin, Claudio; Wilkinson, David A.; Delalez, Nicolas J.; Lumb, Craig N.; Obara, Boguslaw; Berry, Richard M.

    2012-01-01

    Swimming Escherichia coli cells are propelled by the rotary motion of their flagellar filaments. In the normal swimming pattern, filaments positioned randomly over the cell form a bundle at the posterior pole. It has long been assumed that the hook functions as a universal joint, transmitting rotation on the motor axis through up to ∼90° to the filament in the bundle. Structural models of the hook have revealed how its flexibility is expected to arise from dynamic changes in the distance between monomers in the helical lattice. In particular, each of the 11 protofilaments that comprise the hook is predicted to cycle between short and long forms, corresponding to the inside and outside of the curved hook, once each revolution of the motor when the hook is acting as a universal joint. To test this, we genetically modified the hook so that it could be stiffened by binding streptavidin to biotinylated monomers, impeding their motion relative to each other. We found that impeding the action of the universal joint resulted in atypical swimming behavior as a consequence of disrupted bundle formation, in agreement with the universal joint model. PMID:22522898

  17. Evaluation in vitro of the tensile strength of crimpable hooks used for stabilization in orthognathic surgery.

    PubMed

    Andrade Gomes, Nascimento Leonard Euller; Melo, Pithon Matheus; Lacerda, Santos Rogério; D'Albuquerque, Medeiros Paulo Jose

    2012-03-01

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the tensile strength of crimpable hooks used for arch stabilization in orthognatic surgery. Ninety stainless steel wire (0.019" × 0.026") segments, each measuring 6 cm long, were used and attached to crimpable hooks of different commercial brands. Six groups were formed (n = 10) denominated as follows: control, in which the wire segments were perpendicularly welded by spot welding machine; and the hooks groups M (Morelli), MS (Morelli with weld), TP (TP Ortho), TPS (TP with weld), TPTg (TP-tungsten), TPTgS (TP-tungsten with weld), AO (American Orthodontics), and AOS (American Orthodontics with weld). The test specimen topography was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy before and after the tensile strength tests. After obtaining the results, the analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis multiple-comparison tests were applied. Compared with the control group, the AOS ball hooks and those from TPS required a greater amount of force to be displaced along the rectangular arch. The hooks in group M were significantly easier to displace, followed by those from AO. The best ball hooks for clinical application are those from AOS and TPS. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. Hierarchical protein export mechanism of the bacterial flagellar type III protein export apparatus.

    PubMed

    Minamino, Tohru

    2018-06-01

    The bacterial flagellum is supramolecular motility machinery consisting of the basal body, the hook and the filament. Flagellar proteins are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane via a type III protein export apparatus, diffuse down the central channel of the growing structure and assemble at the distal end. Flagellar assembly begins with the basal body, followed by the hook and finally the filament. The completion of hook assembly is the most important morphological checkpoint of the sequential flagellar assembly process. When the hook reaches its mature length of about 55 nm in Salmonella enterica, the type III protein export apparatus switches export specificity from proteins required for the structure and assembly of the hook to those responsible for filament assembly, thereby terminating hook assembly and initiating filament assembly. Three flagellar proteins, namely FliK, FlhB and FlhA, are responsible for this substrate specificity switching. Upon completion of the switching event, interactions among FlhA, the cytoplasmic ATPase complex and flagellar type III export chaperones establish the assembly order of the filament at the hook tip. Here, we describe our current understanding of a hierarchical protein export mechanism used in flagellar type III protein export.

  19. A Model of Differential Growth-Guided Apical Hook Formation in Plants

    PubMed Central

    Žádníková, Petra; Wabnik, Krzysztof; Abuzeineh, Anas; Prusinkiewicz, Przemysław

    2016-01-01

    Differential cell growth enables flexible organ bending in the presence of environmental signals such as light or gravity. A prominent example of the developmental processes based on differential cell growth is the formation of the apical hook that protects the fragile shoot apical meristem when it breaks through the soil during germination. Here, we combined in silico and in vivo approaches to identify a minimal mechanism producing auxin gradient-guided differential growth during the establishment of the apical hook in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Computer simulation models based on experimental data demonstrate that asymmetric expression of the PIN-FORMED auxin efflux carrier at the concave (inner) versus convex (outer) side of the hook suffices to establish an auxin maximum in the epidermis at the concave side of the apical hook. Furthermore, we propose a mechanism that translates this maximum into differential growth, and thus curvature, of the apical hook. Through a combination of experimental and in silico computational approaches, we have identified the individual contributions of differential cell elongation and proliferation to defining the apical hook and reveal the role of auxin-ethylene crosstalk in balancing these two processes. PMID:27754878

  20. Atactorhynchus duranguensis n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Atactorhynchinae) from Cyprinodon meeki (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae) near Durango, Mexico.

    PubMed

    Salgado-Maldonado, Guillermo; Aguilar-Aguilar, Rogelio; Cabañas-Carranza, Guillermina

    2005-03-01

    Atactorhynchus duranguensis n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Atactorhynchinae) is described from the intestine of Cyprinodon meeki Miller, an endemic freshwater fish from a far-inland locality of Mexico. Diagnostic features include: body small, stout, ventrally curved; small cylindrical proboscis armed with 16 alternating vertical rows of four or five hooks; anterior two or three hooks conspicuous, stout and larger than other hooks, and have large, rod-shaped roots with a markedly and abruptly enlarged base; three posterior hooks of each row are smaller and rootless; single-walled proboscis receptacle; lemnisci equal in length, elongate and robust; and cement gland syncytial, larger than testis. The new species is smaller than A. verecundus Chandler, 1935, the only previously described species in the genus. The shape of the proboscis of the new species is strikingly different from that of A. verecundus, which is widest at the apex. Likewise, the greatest width of the trunk of the new species is in about the middle, differing from that of A. verecundus where the trunk is widest posteriorly. The new species also can be distinguished from A. verecundus because of its much smaller hook lengths and slightly smaller proboscis. In addition, the proportion of large apical proboscis hooks in relation to the small basal hooks is different: the basal hooks of A. verecundus are about half the size of the anterior hooks and but only about a quarter of the size in A. duranguensis. Unlike A. verecundus, the base of the roots are markedly and abruptly enlarged in the new species. Finally, the eggs of the new species are smaller (23-27 x 8-10 microm) than those of A. verecundus (27-30 x 12-13 microm).

  1. Measured oxygen fugacities of the Angra dos Reis achondrite as a function of temperature

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Brett, R.; Stephen, Huebner J.; Sato, M.

    1977-01-01

    Measurements of the oxygen fugacity (f{hook}O2) as a function of temperature (T) were made on an interior bulk sample of the cumulate achondrite, Angra dos Reis. Data clustered between the f{hook}O2-T relationship of the iron-wu??stite assemblage and 1.2 log atm units above iron-wu??stite. Interpretation of the data indicates that, throughout most of the cooling history of the meteorite, f{hook}O2 values were defined by equilibria involving iron-bearing species at values close to the f{hook}O2 of the assemblage iron-wu??stite. Measured f{hook}O2 data are compatible with crystallization and cooling at pressures greater than 50 bars. ?? 1977.

  2. Evaluation of the orientation of 90* and 180* reinforcing bar hooks.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2012-01-01

    This report describes test results of a study initiated to evaluate the potential influence of hook tilt angle of standard reinforcing hooks : on the bond strength of concrete. The topic of the evaluation of the orientation of 90 and 180 degree reinf...

  3. Specific arrangement of alpha-helical coiled coils in the core domain of the bacterial flagellar hook for the universal joint function.

    PubMed

    Fujii, Takashi; Kato, Takayuki; Namba, Keiichi

    2009-11-11

    The bacterial flagellar hook is a short, highly curved tubular structure connecting the rotary motor to the filament acting as a helical propeller. The bending flexibility of the hook allows it to work as a universal joint. A partial atomic model of the hook revealed a sliding intersubunit domain interaction along the protofilament to produce bending flexibility. However, it remained unclear how the tightly packed inner core domains can still permit axial extension and compression. We report advances in cryoEM image analysis for high-resolution, high-throughput structural analysis and a density map of the hook that reveals most of the secondary structures, including the terminal alpha helices forming a coiled coil. The orientations and axial packing interactions of these two alpha helices are distinctly different from those of the filament, allowing them to have a room for axial compression and extension for bending flexibility without impairing the mechanical stability of the hook.

  4. Structure of the bacterial flagellar hook and implication for the molecular universal joint mechanism.

    PubMed

    Samatey, Fadel A; Matsunami, Hideyuki; Imada, Katsumi; Nagashima, Shigehiro; Shaikh, Tanvir R; Thomas, Dennis R; Chen, James Z; Derosier, David J; Kitao, Akio; Namba, Keiichi

    2004-10-28

    The bacterial flagellum is a motile organelle, and the flagellar hook is a short, highly curved tubular structure that connects the flagellar motor to the long filament acting as a helical propeller. The hook is made of about 120 copies of a single protein, FlgE, and its function as a nano-sized universal joint is essential for dynamic and efficient bacterial motility and taxis. It transmits the motor torque to the helical propeller over a wide range of its orientation for swimming and tumbling. Here we report a partial atomic model of the hook obtained by X-ray crystallography of FlgE31, a major proteolytic fragment of FlgE lacking unfolded terminal regions, and by electron cryomicroscopy and three-dimensional helical image reconstruction of the hook. The model reveals the intricate molecular interactions and a plausible switching mechanism for the hook to be flexible in bending but rigid against twisting for its universal joint function.

  5. Interdependence of the rad50 hook and globular domain functions.

    PubMed

    Hohl, Marcel; Kochańczyk, Tomasz; Tous, Cristina; Aguilera, Andrés; Krężel, Artur; Petrini, John H J

    2015-02-05

    Rad50 contains a conserved Zn(2+) coordination domain (the Rad50 hook) that functions as a homodimerization interface. Hook ablation phenocopies Rad50 deficiency in all respects. Here, we focused on rad50 mutations flanking the Zn(2+)-coordinating hook cysteines. These mutants impaired hook-mediated dimerization, but recombination between sister chromatids was largely unaffected. This may reflect that cohesin-mediated sister chromatid interactions are sufficient for double-strand break repair. However, Mre11 complex functions specified by the globular domain, including Tel1 (ATM) activation, nonhomologous end joining, and DNA double-strand break end resection were affected, suggesting that dimerization exerts a broad influence on Mre11 complex function. These phenotypes were suppressed by mutations within the coiled-coil and globular ATPase domains, suggesting a model in which conformational changes in the hook and globular domains are transmitted via the extended coils of Rad50. We propose that transmission of spatial information in this manner underlies the regulation of Mre11 complex functions. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. The science of optics: recent revelations about the history of art

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hockney, David; Falco, Charles M.

    2012-10-01

    We have discovered a variety of types of optical evidence that demonstrate artists as early as Jan van Eyck and Robert Campin (c1425) used optical projections as aids for producing certain elements in their paintings. We also found optical evidence within works by well-known later artists, including Bermejo (c1475), Lotto (c1525), Caravaggio (c1600), de la Tour (c1650), Chardin (c1750) and Ingres (c1825), showing that the use of optical projections by artists continued up to the development of photography and beyond. However, it is important to emphasize this does not mean that paintings are effectively photographs. The mind as well as the hand of the artist is intimately involved in the creation process, so these complex images are much more than simply traced images that have been projected.

  7. [ZHENG's gold hook fishing acupuncture for lumbar disc herniation: a clinical observation].

    PubMed

    Zhu, Bowen; Zhang, Xinghua; Sun, Runjie; Qin, Xiaoguang

    2016-04-01

    To compare the clinical efficacy differences between Zheng's gold hook, fishing acupuncture and electroacupuncture (EA) for lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Sixty patients of LDH were randomly allocated to a gold hook fishing acupuncture group and an EA group, 30 cases in each one. Lumbar Jiaji (EX-1 B 2), Yaoyangguan (GV 3), Shenshu (BL 23), Dachangshu (BL 25), Guanyuanshu (BL 26) and ashi points were selected in the gold hook fishing acupuncture group; after the needles were inserted, the manipulation of gold hook fishing acupuncture was applied at tendon junction points and ashi points. The identical acupoints were selected in the EA group and patients were treated with EA. The treatment was both given once a day; ten days of treatment were taken as one session, and totally 3 sessions were given. The clinical effective rate, visual analogue scale (VAS), low back pain score and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were used for efficacy evaluation. The effective rate was 93.3% (28/30) in the gold hook fishing acupuncture group, which was superior to 86.7% (26/30) in the EA group (P < 0.05). The VAS, low back pain score and ODI were both significantly improved after treatment (all P < 0.05), which were more significant in the gold hook fishing acupuncture group (all P < 0.05). ZHENG's gold hook fishing acupuncture could effectively improve the symptoms and sings of LDH, reduce the disability index and improve the quality of life, which is superior to EA.

  8. The evolution of concepts of vestibular peripheral information processing: toward the dynamic, adaptive, parallel processing macular model

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ross, Muriel D.

    2003-01-01

    In a letter to Robert Hooke, written on 5 February, 1675, Isaac Newton wrote "If I have seen further than certain other men it is by standing upon the shoulders of giants." In his context, Newton was referring to the work of Galileo and Kepler, who preceded him. However, every field has its own giants, those men and women who went before us and, often with few tools at their disposal, uncovered the facts that enabled later researchers to advance knowledge in a particular area. This review traces the history of the evolution of views from early giants in the field of vestibular research to modern concepts of vestibular organ organization and function. Emphasis will be placed on the mammalian maculae as peripheral processors of linear accelerations acting on the head. This review shows that early, correct findings were sometimes unfortunately disregarded, impeding later investigations into the structure and function of the vestibular organs. The central themes are that the macular organs are highly complex, dynamic, adaptive, distributed parallel processors of information, and that historical references can help us to understand our own place in advancing knowledge about their complicated structure and functions.

  9. 77 FR 15722 - Southern California Hook and Line Survey; Public Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-16

    ... meeting to evaluate the Southern California Shelf Rockfish Hook and Line Survey which was designed to... and Line survey design and protocols; (2) examine the analytical methods used to generate rockfish... California Hook and Line Survey; Public Meeting AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National...

  10. 29 CFR 1926.1431 - Hoisting personnel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... hook, load line and rigging) must not exceed 50 percent of the rated capacity for the radius and... pursuant to paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the total load (including the hook, load line, rigging and... number required to perform the work, whichever is less. (g) Attachment and rigging. (1) Hooks and other...

  11. 29 CFR 1926.1431 - Hoisting personnel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... hook, load line and rigging) must not exceed 50 percent of the rated capacity for the radius and... pursuant to paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the total load (including the hook, load line, rigging and... number required to perform the work, whichever is less. (g) Attachment and rigging—(1) Hooks and other...

  12. Are College Students Replacing Dating and Romantic Relationships with Hooking Up?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Siebenbruner, Jessica

    2013-01-01

    This study assessed female college students' ("N" = 197) participation in dating, romantic relationships, hooking up behaviors, and the intersection of these activities. Hooking up was prevalent among students ("n" = 78; 39.6%), but dating ("n" = 139; 70.6%) and romantic relationship ("n" = 147; 74.6%)…

  13. In vitro Antioxidant of a Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from Dendrobium fimhriatum Hook.var.oculatum Hook

    PubMed Central

    Luo, Aoxue; Fan, Yijun

    2011-01-01

    A water-soluble crude polysaccharide (DFHP) obtained from the aqueous extracts of the stem of Dendrobium fimhriatum Hook.var.oculatum Hook through hot water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, was found to have an average molecular weight (Mw) of about 209.3 kDa. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that DFHP was composed of mannose, glucose and galactose in a content ratio of 37.52%; 43.16%; 19.32%. The investigation of antioxidant activity in vitro showed that DFHP is a potential antioxidant. PMID:21747725

  14. Relationship between tornadoes and hook echoes on April 3, 1974

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Forbes, G. S.

    1975-01-01

    Radar observations of tornado families occurring on April 3, 1974 are discussed. Of the 93 tornadoes included in the sample, 81% were associated with hook-like echoes with appendages at least 40 deg to the south of the echo movement. At least one tornado was associated with 62% of the hook-like echoes observed. All of the tornadoes with intensities of F 4 and F 5 were produced by hook-like echoes; the mean intensity of all tornadoes associated with this type of echo was F 3, while the mean intensity of the remaining tornadoes was F1. The tornadic hook-like echoes moved to the right of the non-tornadic echoes forming a tornado line in advance of the squall line. Some tornadoes were associated with 'spiral' echoes.

  15. Identification of Aroma-active Compounds in Essential Oil from Uncaria Hook by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry.

    PubMed

    Iwasa, Megumi; Nakaya, Satoshi; Maki, Yusuke; Marumoto, Shinsuke; Usami, Atsushi; Miyazawa, Mitsuo

    2015-01-01

    The chemical composition of essential oil extracted from Uncaria Hook ("Chotoko" in Japanese), the branch with curved hook of the herbal medicine Uncaria rhynchophylla has been investigated by GC and GC-MS analyses. Eighty-four compounds, representing 90.8% of the total content was identified in oil obtained from Uncaria Hook. The main components i were (E)-cinnamaldehyde (13.4%), α-copaene (8.0%), methyl eugenol (6.8%), δ-cadinene (5.3%), and curcumene (3.6%). The important key aroma-active compounds in the oil were detected by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), using the flavor dilution (FD) factor to express the odor potency of each compounds. Furthermore, the odor activity value (OAV) has been used as a measure of the relative contribution of each compound to the aroma of the Uncaria Hook oil. The GC-O and AEDA results showed that α-copaene (FD = 4, OAV = 4376), (E)-linalool oxide (FD = 64, OAV = 9.1), and methyl eugenol (FD = 64, OAV = 29) contributed to the woody and spicy odor of Uncaria Hook oil, whereas furfural (FD = 8, OAV = 4808) contributed to its sweet odor. These results warrant further investigations of the application of essential oil from Uncaria Hook in the phytochemical and medicinal fields.

  16. Engineering Evaluation of International Low Impact Docking System Latch Hooks

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Martinez, J.; Patin, R.; Figert, J.

    2013-01-01

    The international Low Impact Docking System (iLIDS) provides a structural arrangement that allows for visiting vehicles to dock with the International Space Station (ISS) (Fig 1). The iLIDS docking units are mechanically joined together by a series of active and passive latch hooks. In order to preserve docking capability at the existing Russian docking interfaces, the iLIDS latch hooks are required to conform to the existing Russian design. The latch hooks are classified as being fail-safe. Since the latch hooks are fail-safe, the hooks are not fracture critical and a fatigue based service life assessment will satisfy the structural integrity requirements. Constant amplitude fatigue testing to failure on four sets of active/passive iLIDS latch hooks was performed at load magnitudes of 10, 11, and 12 kips. Failure analysis of the hook fatigue failures identified multi-site fatigue initiation that was effectively centered about the hook mid-plane (consistent with the 3D model results). The fatigue crack initiation distribution implies that the fatigue damage accumulation effectively results in a very low aspect ratio surface crack (which can be simulated as thru-thickness crack). Fatigue damage progression resulted in numerous close proximity fatigue crack initiation sites. It was not possible to determine if fatigue crack coalescence occurs during cyclic loading or as result of the fast fracture response. The presence of multiple fatigue crack initiation sites on different planes will result in the formation of ratchet marks as the cracks coalesce. Once the stable fatigue crack becomes unstable and the fast fracture advances across the remaining ligament and the plane stress condition at a free-surface will result in failure along a 45 deg. shear plane (slant fracture) and the resulting inclined edge is called a shear lip. The hook thickness on the plane of fatigue crack initiation is 0.787". The distance between the shear lips on this plane was on the order of 0.48" and it was effectively centered about the mid-plane of the section. The numerous ratchet marks between the shear lips on the fracture initiation plane are indicative of multiple fatigue initiation sites within this region. The distribution of the fatigue damage about the centerline of the hook is consistent with the analytical results that demonstrate peak stress/strain response at the mid-plane that decreases in the direction of the hook outer surfaces. Scanning electron microscope images of the failed sections detected fatigue crack striations in close proximity to the free surface of the hook radius. These findings were documented at three locations on the fracture surface : 1) adjacent to the left shear lip, 2) adjacent to the right shear lip, and 3) near the centerline of the section. The features of the titanium fracture surface did not allow for a determination of a critical crack size via identification of the region where the fatigue crack propagation became unstable. The fracture based service life projections where benchmarked with strain-life analyses. The strainrange response in the hook radius was defined via the correlated finite element models and the modified method of universal slopes was incorporated to define the strain-life equation for the titanium alloy. The strain-life assessment confirmed that the fracture based projections were reasonable for the loading range of interest. Based upon the analysis and component level fatigue test data a preliminary service life capability for the iLIDS active and passive hooks of 2 lifetimes is projected (includes a scatter factor of 4).

  17. Citizen science data suggest that a novel rig improves landing rate and reduces injury and handling time in recreational angling with artificial lures in Baltic pike (Esox lucius).

    PubMed

    Bursell, Jens Jakob; Arlinghaus, Robert

    2018-01-01

    The optimal terminal gear in hook-and-line recreational fishing maximizes landing rates and minimizes injury to the fish because some fish will be released after capture. We designed a novel rig configuration in artificial lure fishing for top predators and examined its effectiveness in angling for Baltic northern pike ( Esox lucius ) using a citizen science approach based on observational data collected from volunteer anglers in the field. The novel rig included two changes to traditional rig designs common to artificial lure angling. First, hooks were mounted in a way giving better hook exposure and eliminating lever-arm effects from the lure to the hooks once a fish is hooked. This construction allowed the second change, being a shift to hooks 4-5 sizes smaller than those used on traditional hook mounts. We analysed observational data collected by volunteer anglers using either the novel rig or a standard rig mount in two types of artificial lures (softbait and hardbait) of the same size (about 17 cm). Using N  = 768 pike contacts as input data, we showed the landing rates of pike targeted with artificial lures significantly and substantially increased from 45% with normal-rigs to 85% when the same lure types were fished with the novel rig configuration. Lure type and water temperature had no effects on landing rates. Moreover, hardbaits on normal-rigs produced significantly more injury, bleeding and elevated unhooking time compared to fish captured on hardbaits with release-rigs. We conclude that simple changes to traditional hook sizes and mounts in lure fishing may benefit both anglers and the fishes that are to be released and that citizen science projects with volunteer anglers are able to provide good data in proof-of-concept studies. Further experimental studies are needed to differentiate hook size from hook mount effects because both variables were confounded in the results of the observational data presented here.

  18. When Teachers Aren't Nice: bell hooks and Feminist Pedagogy.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Buffington, Nancy

    The recent "feminization" of composition theory and pedagogy has replaced the classroom figure of the authoritative father with an image of a nurturing mother. But as bell hooks and others insist, the classroom is inherently a place of struggle and conflict and the "real world" is even more so. Hooks offers concrete…

  19. 50 CFR 665.812 - Sea turtle take mitigation measures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ....812 Section 665.812 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND... of hook sizes and styles used by the vessel. (B) Extended reach handle. The hook removal device must... hook sizes and styles used by the vessel. (B) Handle. The handle must have a length equal to or greater...

  20. 33 CFR 80.170 - Sandy Hook, NJ to Tom's River, NJ.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Sandy Hook, NJ to Tom's River, NJ. 80.170 Section 80.170 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION RULES COLREGS DEMARCATION LINES Atlantic Coast § 80.170 Sandy Hook, NJ to Tom's River...

  1. Collaborative Lesson Hook Design in Science Teacher Education: Advancing Professional Practice

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McCauley, Veronica; Davison, Kevin; Byrne, Corinna

    2015-01-01

    This article documents the process of collaboratively developing lesson hook e-resources for science teachers to establish a community of inquiry and to strengthen the pedagogy of science teaching. The authors aim to illustrate how the development and application of strategic hooks can bridge situational interest and personal interest so that…

  2. Getting Hooked on Physics!

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    McHugh, M.; McCauley, V.

    2016-12-01

    A number of papers in this journal have dealt with the idea of using hooks in physics instruction. A hook, as the name suggests, engages students in learning by triggering their attention and interest. Hooks can be any type of pedagogical approach—a question, a demonstration, a puzzle or video. They are generally short and center on the most interesting aspects of a topic. Here we focus on using Conceptual Change (CC) teacher-led demonstrations as the pedagogical hook approach. Conceptual Change is an instructional method mentioned by a number of authors to stimulate interest among learners. This is where an educator presents an issue or topic that has associated misconceptions. As the teacher explains the truth behind the concept, cognitive conflict occurs and the students' initial perceptions are challenged and ideas start to change. However, the instruction used in association with the demonstrations must provide intelligible, plausible, relevant explanations so that students are convinced by the new ideas. The gap between prior knowledge and new knowledge has the potential to provide a strong stimulus for augmenting interest, engagement, and attention among students. Thus, CC can act as a hook in itself.

  3. High-dose hook effect in six automated human chorionic gonadotrophin assays.

    PubMed

    Al-Mahdili, Huda A; Jones, Graham R D

    2010-07-01

    The high-dose hook effect is a well-known phenomenon of two-site immunoassays including those for human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). We investigated the occurrence of a high-dose hook effect in six routinely available hCG assays using a sample with a total hCG concentration of approximately 3,600,000 IU/L. Dilutions of a sample with high hCG concentration were analysed using six common methods: Advia Centaur, Immulite 2000, Dimension RxL, Unicel DxI 800, Roche E170 and Abbott Architect. The measured concentrations and corresponding assay signals were obtained for each method. Performance was compared with manufacturer claims. Four of the tested platforms demonstrated a clear high-dose hook effect, while the other methods showed no hook effect at the highest level tested. Our results indicate that the hook effect may occur in some hCG assays, although the risk of reporting falsely low results was in most cases at higher concentrations than those indicated in manufacturers' product information. Assay design plays a major role in its occurrence. Laboratories should be aware of the assay limitations in this regard.

  4. Fish-hook injuries: a risk for fishermen

    PubMed Central

    2010-01-01

    Fishing is one of the best known and practiced human activities. However, you should remember that, when casting the hook from the riverbank or grasping it to add bait, fishermen run a real risk of injury if the hook punctures the skin. Briefly we describe a case where a young, 32-year-old fisherman who was reeling the hook back to shore when it hit him in the face and embedded itself in his upper eyelid. Upon examination, the eye was found to be unharmed and the hook was removed through a small incision and the aid of a local anesthetic. In the light of this case report, we think it a good idea to advise our friends and patients who we know to be fishermen to wear some form of eye protection as a precaution. PMID:21156039

  5. Talk about "hooking up": the influence of college student social networks on nonrelationship sex.

    PubMed

    Holman, Amanda; Sillars, Alan

    2012-01-01

    This research considers how communication within college student social networks may encourage high-risk sexual relationships. Students (n = 274) described sexual scripts for hooking up and reported on peer communication, sexual behavior, and sexual attitudes. Students described varied hookup scripts, expressed ambivalent attitudes, and reported moderate participation in hookups overall. However, the most common hookup script, suggesting high-risk sexual activity (i.e., unplanned, inebriated sex), was featured in most accounts of students who themselves participated in hookups. Students overestimated how often others were hooking up, and these estimates were especially inflated by students who frequently talked about hooking up with friends. Among students with strong ties to peers, frequent peer communication about sex predicted participation in hookups and favorable attitudes about hooking up. Peer approval also predicted hookup behavior and attitudes.

  6. Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) feeding behavior on static fishing gear, effect of SMART (Selective Magnetic and Repellent-Treated) hook deterrent technology, and factors influencing entanglement in bottom longlines

    PubMed Central

    Sullivan, Rennie; Hedges, Kevin J.

    2018-01-01

    The Greenland Shark (Somniosus microcephalus) is the most common bycatch in the Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) bottom longline fishery in Cumberland Sound, Canada. Historically, this inshore fishery has been prosecuted through the ice during winter but winter storms and unpredictable landfast ice conditions since the mid-1990s have led to interest in developing a summer fishery during the ice-free season. However, bycatch of Greenland shark was found to increase substantially with 570 sharks captured during an experimental Greenland halibut summer fishery (i.e., mean of 6.3 sharks per 1,000 hooks set) and mortality was reported to be about 50% due in part to fishers killing sharks that were severely entangled in longline gear. This study investigated whether the SMART (Selective Magnetic and Repellent-Treated) hook technology is a practical deterrent to Greenland shark predation and subsequent bycatch on bottom longlines. Greenland shark feeding behavior, feeding kinematics, and variables affecting entanglement/disentanglement and release are also described. The SMART hook failed to deter Greenland shark predation, i.e., all sharks were captured on SMART hooks, some with more than one SMART hook in their jaw. Moreover, recently captured Greenland sharks did not exhibit a behavioral response to SMART hooks. In situ observations of Greenland shark feeding show that this species uses a powerful inertial suction mode of feeding and was able to draw bait into the mouth from a distance of 25–35 cm. This method of feeding is suggested to negate the potential deterrent effects of electropositive metal and magnetic alloy substitutions to the SMART hook technology. The number of hooks entangled by a Greenland shark and time to disentangle and live-release a shark was found to increase with body length. PMID:29785345

  7. Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) feeding behavior on static fishing gear, effect of SMART (Selective Magnetic and Repellent-Treated) hook deterrent technology, and factors influencing entanglement in bottom longlines.

    PubMed

    Grant, Scott M; Sullivan, Rennie; Hedges, Kevin J

    2018-01-01

    The Greenland Shark ( Somniosus microcephalus ) is the most common bycatch in the Greenland halibut ( Reinhardtius hippoglossoides ) bottom longline fishery in Cumberland Sound, Canada. Historically, this inshore fishery has been prosecuted through the ice during winter but winter storms and unpredictable landfast ice conditions since the mid-1990s have led to interest in developing a summer fishery during the ice-free season. However, bycatch of Greenland shark was found to increase substantially with 570 sharks captured during an experimental Greenland halibut summer fishery (i.e., mean of 6.3 sharks per 1,000 hooks set) and mortality was reported to be about 50% due in part to fishers killing sharks that were severely entangled in longline gear. This study investigated whether the SMART (Selective Magnetic and Repellent-Treated) hook technology is a practical deterrent to Greenland shark predation and subsequent bycatch on bottom longlines. Greenland shark feeding behavior, feeding kinematics, and variables affecting entanglement/disentanglement and release are also described. The SMART hook failed to deter Greenland shark predation, i.e., all sharks were captured on SMART hooks, some with more than one SMART hook in their jaw. Moreover, recently captured Greenland sharks did not exhibit a behavioral response to SMART hooks. In situ observations of Greenland shark feeding show that this species uses a powerful inertial suction mode of feeding and was able to draw bait into the mouth from a distance of 25-35 cm. This method of feeding is suggested to negate the potential deterrent effects of electropositive metal and magnetic alloy substitutions to the SMART hook technology. The number of hooks entangled by a Greenland shark and time to disentangle and live-release a shark was found to increase with body length.

  8. Pre-operative localization of solitary pulmonary nodules with computed tomography-guided hook wire: report of 181 patients.

    PubMed

    Hanauer, Matthieu; Perentes, Jean Yannis; Krueger, Thorsten; Ris, Hans-Beat; Bize, Pierre; Schmidt, Sabine; Gonzalez, Michel

    2016-01-16

    Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is currently performed to diagnose and treat solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN). However, the intra-operative identification of deep nodules can be challenging with VATS as the lung is difficult to palpate. The aim of the study was to report the utility and the results of pre-operative computed tomography (CT)-guided hook wire localization of SPN. All records of the patients undergoing CT-guided hook wire localization prior to VATS resection for SPN between 2002 and 2013 were reviewed. The efficacy in localizing the nodule, hook wire complications, necessity to convert VATS to thoracotomy and the histology of SPN are reported. One hundred eighty-one patients (90 females, mean age 63 y, range 28-82 y) underwent 187 pulmonary resections after CT-guided hook wire localization. The mean SPN diameter was 10.3 mm (range: 4-29 mm). The mean distance of the lesion from the pleural surface was 11.6 mm (range: 0-45 mm). The mean time interval from hook wire insertion to VATS resection was 224 min (range 54-622 min). Hook wire complications included pneumothorax requiring chest tube drainage in 4 patients (2.1%) and mild parenchymal haemorrhage in 11 (5.9%) patients. Migration of the hook wire occurred in 7 patients (3.7%) although it did not affect the success of VATS resection (nodule location guided by the lung puncture site). Three patients underwent additional wedge resection by VATS during the same procedure because no lesion was identified in the surgical specimen. Conversion thoracotomy was required in 13 patients (7 %) for centrally localized lesions (6 patients) and pleural adhesions (7 patients). The mean operative time was 60 min (range 18-135 min). Pathological examination revealed a malignant lesion in 107 patients (59 %). The diagnostic yield was 98.3 %. VATS resection for SPN after CT-guided hook wire localization for SPN is safe and allows for proper diagnosis with a low thoracotomy conversion rate.

  9. Hook plate fixation for acute acromioclavicular dislocations without coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction: a functional outcome study in military personnel.

    PubMed

    Kumar, Narinder; Sharma, Vyom

    2015-08-01

    The aim of our study was to evaluate the shoulder function after clavicular hook plate fixation of acute acromioclavicular dislocations (Rockwood type III) in a population group consisting exclusively of high-demand military personnel. This prospective study was carried out at a tertiary care military orthopaedic centre during 2012-2013 using clavicular hook plate for management of acromioclavicular injuries without coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction in 33 patients. All patients underwent routine implant removal after 16 weeks. The functional outcome was assessed at 3, 6 and 12 months after hook plate removal and 2 years from the initial surgery using the Constant Murley and UCLA Scores. All the patients were male serving soldiers and had sustained acromioclavicular joint dislocation (Rockwood type III). Mean age of the patient group was 34.24 years (21-55 years). The mean follow-up period in this study was 23.5 months (20-26 months) after hook plate fixation and an average of 19.9 months (17-22 months) after hook plate removal. The average Constant Score at 3 months after hook plate removal was 60.3 as compared to 83.7 and 90.3 at 6 months and 1 year, respectively, and an average of 91.8 at the last follow-up that was approximately 2 years after initial surgery which was statistically significant (p value <0.05). The UCLA Score was an average of 15.27, 25.9 and 30.1 at 3, 6 months and 1 year, respectively, after removal of hook plate which improved further an average of 32.3 at the last follow-up, which was also statistically significant (p value <0.05). Clavicular hook plate fixation without coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction is a good option for acute acromioclavicular dislocations producing excellent medium-term functional results in high-demand soldiers.

  10. A biomechanical analysis of the self-retaining pedicle hook device in posterior spinal fixation

    PubMed Central

    van Laar, Wilbert; Meester, Rinse J.; Smit, Theo H.

    2007-01-01

    Regular hooks lack initial fixation to the spine during spinal deformity surgery. This runs the risk of posterior hook dislodgement during manipulation and correction of the spinal deformity, that may lead to loss of correction, hook migration, and post-operative junctional kyphosis. To prevent hook dislodgement during surgery, a self-retaining pedicle hook device (SPHD) is available that is made up of two counter-positioned hooks forming a monoblock posterior claw device. The initial segmental posterior fixation strength of a SPHD, however, is unknown. A biomechanical pull-out study of posterior segmental spinal fixation in a cadaver vertebral model was designed to investigate the axial pull-out strength for a SPHD, and compared to the pull-out strength of a pedicle screw. Ten porcine lumbar vertebral bodies were instrumented in pairs with two different instrumentation constructs after measuring the bone mineral density of each individual vertebra. The instrumentation constructs were extracted employing a material testing system using axial forces. The maximum pull-out forces were recorded at the time of the construct failure. Failure of the SPHD appeared in rotation and lateral displacement, without fracturing of the posterior structures. The average pull-out strength of the SPHD was 236 N versus 1,047 N in the pedicle screws (P < 0.001). The pull-out strength of the pedicle screws showed greater correlation with the BMC compared to the SPHD (P < 0.005). The SPHD showed to provide a significant inferior segmental fixation to the posterior spine in comparison to pedicle screw fixation. Despite the beneficial characteristics of the monoblock claw construct in a SPHD, that decreases the risk of posterior hook dislodgement during surgery compared to regular hooks, the SPHD does not improve the pull-out strength in such a way that it may provide a biomechanically solid alternative to pedicle screw fixation in the posterior spine. PMID:17203270

  11. Mechanics of plant fruit hooks

    PubMed Central

    Chen, Qiang; Gorb, Stanislav N.; Gorb, Elena; Pugno, Nicola

    2013-01-01

    Hook-like surface structures, observed in some plant species, play an important role in the process of plant growth and seed dispersal. In this study, we developed an elastic model and further used it to investigate the mechanical behaviour of fruit hooks in four plant species, previously measured in an experimental study. Based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, the force–displacement relationship is derived, and its Young's modulus is obtained. The result agrees well with the experimental data. The model aids in understanding the mechanics of hooks, and could be used in the development of new bioinspired Velcro-like materials. PMID:23365190

  12. 50 CFR 622.385 - Commercial trip limits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... commercial vessel permit for king mackerel and a king mackerel gillnet permit have been issued. (B) Hook-and...), and operating under the hook-and-line gear quotas in § 622.384(b)(1)(i)(B)(1) or (b)(1)(i)(B)(2): (1) From July 1, each fishing year, until 75 percent of the respective northern or southern subzone's hook...

  13. 50 CFR 622.183 - Area and seasonal closures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... be left on the drum if all gangions and hooks are disconnected and stowed below deck. Hooks cannot be... to the drum must be stowed below deck. (D) Terminal gear (i.e., hook, leader, sinker, flasher, or... closing dates of the fishing season by filing a notification to that effect with the Office of the Federal...

  14. 76 FR 12604 - Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; Coastal Migratory Pelagic...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-08

    ...: Temporary rule; trip limit reduction. SUMMARY: NMFS reduces the trip limit for the hook-and-line component... southern subzones, and established their separate quotas. The king mackerel quota for the hook-and-line... percent of the southern Florida west coast subzone's hook-and- line gear quota has been harvested until a...

  15. 50 CFR 679.22 - Closures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...) Bogoslof Pacific cod exemption area. (1) All catcher vessels less than 60 ft (18.3 m) LOA using jig or hook... Pacific cod have been caught by catcher vessels less than 60 ft (18.3 m) LOA using jig or hook-and-line... using jig or hook-and-line gear in the exemption area by notification published in the Federal Register...

  16. 50 CFR 622.385 - Commercial trip limits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... commercial vessel permit for king mackerel and a king mackerel gillnet permit have been issued. (B) Hook-and...), and operating under the hook-and-line gear quotas in § 622.384(b)(1)(i)(B)(1) or (b)(1)(i)(B)(2): (1) From July 1, each fishing year, until 75 percent of the respective northern or southern subzone's hook...

  17. 50 CFR 679.22 - Closures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...) Bogoslof Pacific cod exemption area. (1) All catcher vessels less than 60 ft (18.3 m) LOA using jig or hook... Pacific cod have been caught by catcher vessels less than 60 ft (18.3 m) LOA using jig or hook-and-line... using jig or hook-and-line gear in the exemption area by notification published in the Federal Register...

  18. 29 CFR 1910.184 - Slings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... under the load and has both ends, end attachments, eyes or handles on the hook or a single master link... lifting hook. Cable laid endless sling-mechanical joint is a wire rope sling made endless by joining the.... N-184-1.) Handle eye is an opening in a handle of a metal mesh sling shaped to accept a hook...

  19. 29 CFR 1910.184 - Slings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... under the load and has both ends, end attachments, eyes or handles on the hook or a single master link... lifting hook. Cable laid endless sling-mechanical joint is a wire rope sling made endless by joining the.... N-184-1.) Handle eye is an opening in a handle of a metal mesh sling shaped to accept a hook...

  20. Abnormally low hCG in a complete hydatidiform molar pregnancy: The hook effect.

    PubMed

    Nodler, James L; Kim, Kenneth H; Alvarez, Ronald D

    2011-01-01

    ► The hook effect occurs with extremely high levels of hCG, saturating detection antibodies, leading to falsely low laboratory results. ► In the literature, descriptions of the hook effect are rare in cases of gestational trophoblastic diseases. ► If unrecognized, this can lead to delayed therapy or mismanagement of care.

  1. 50 CFR 622.183 - Area and seasonal closures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... be left on the drum if all gangions and hooks are disconnected and stowed below deck. Hooks cannot be... to the drum must be stowed below deck. (D) Terminal gear (i.e., hook, leader, sinker, flasher, or... closing dates of the fishing season by filing a notification to that effect with the Office of the Federal...

  2. 50 CFR 679.22 - Closures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...) Bogoslof Pacific cod exemption area. (1) All catcher vessels less than 60 ft (18.3 m) LOA using jig or hook... Pacific cod have been caught by catcher vessels less than 60 ft (18.3 m) LOA using jig or hook-and-line... using jig or hook-and-line gear in the exemption area by notification published in the Federal Register...

  3. 29 CFR 1910.184 - Slings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... under the load and has both ends, end attachments, eyes or handles on the hook or a single master link... lifting hook. Cable laid endless sling-mechanical joint is a wire rope sling made endless by joining the.... N-184-1.) Handle eye is an opening in a handle of a metal mesh sling shaped to accept a hook...

  4. 50 CFR Table 19 to Part 679 - Seabird Avoidance Gear Codes

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... AVOIDANCE GEAR OR METHOD. 1 Paired Streamer Lines: Used during deployment of hook-and-line gear to prevent...(e)(4)(iii). 2 Single Streamer Line: Used during deployment of hook-and-line gear to prevent birds... deployment of snap gear to prevent birds from taking hooks. The streamer line consists of three components: a...

  5. The M-T Hook Structure Is Critical for Design of HIV-1 Fusion Inhibitors*

    PubMed Central

    Chong, Huihui; Yao, Xue; Sun, Jianping; Qiu, Zonglin; Zhang, Meng; Waltersperger, Sandro; Wang, Meitian; Cui, Sheng; He, Yuxian

    2012-01-01

    CP621-652 is a potent HIV-1 fusion inhibitor peptide derived from the C-terminal heptad repeat of gp41. We recently identified that its N-terminal residues Met-626 and Thr-627 adopt a unique hook-like structure (termed M-T hook) thus stabilizing the interaction of the inhibitor with the deep pocket on the N-terminal heptad repeat. In this study, we further demonstrated that the M-T hook structure is a key determinant of CP621-652 in terms of its thermostability and anti-HIV activity. To directly define the structure and function of the M-T hook, we generated the peptide MT-C34 by incorporating Met-626 and Thr-627 into the N terminus of the C-terminal heptad repeat-derived peptide C34. The high resolution crystal structure (1.9 Å) of MT-C34 complexed by an N-terminal heptad repeat-derived peptide reveals that the M-T hook conformation is well preserved at the N-terminal extreme of the inhibitor. Strikingly, addition of two hook residues could dramatically enhance the binding affinity and thermostability of 6-helix bundle core. Compared with C34, MT-C34 exhibited significantly increased activity to inhibit HIV-1 envelope-mediated cell fusion (6.6-fold), virus entry (4.5-fold), and replication (6-fold). Mechanistically, MT-C34 had a 10.5-fold higher increase than C34 in blocking 6-helix bundle formation. We further showed that MT-C34 possessed higher potency against T20 (Enfuvirtide, Fuzeon)-resistant HIV-1 variants. Therefore, this study provides convincing data for our proposed concept that the M-T hook structure is critical for designing HIV-1 fusion inhibitors. PMID:22879603

  6. Measurement of the force and torque produced in the calcium response of reactivated rat sperm flagella.

    PubMed

    Moritz, M J; Schmitz, K A; Lindemann, C B

    2001-05-01

    Rat sperm that are demembranated with Triton X-100 and reactivated with Mg-ATP show a strong mechanical response to the presence of free calcium ion. At pCa < 4, the midpiece region of the flagellum develops a strong and sustained curvature that gives the cell the overall appearance of a fishhook [Lindemann and Goltz, 1988: Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 10:420-431]. In the present study, the force and torque that maintain the calcium-induced hook have been examined quantitatively. In addition, full-length and shortened flagella were manipulated to evaluate the plasticity of the hooks and determined the critical length necessary for maintaining the curvature. The hooks were found to be highly resilient, returning to their original configuration (>95%) after being straightened and released. The results from manipulating the shortened flagella suggest that the force holding the hook in the curved configuration is generated in the basal 60 microm of the flagellum. The force required to straighten the calcium-induced hooks was measured with force-calibrated glass microprobes, and the bending torque was calculated from the measured force. The force and torque required to straighten the flagellum were found to be proportional to the change in curvature of the hooked region of the flagellum, suggesting an elastic-like behavior. The average torque to open the hooks to a straight position was 2.6 (+/-1.4) x 10(-7) dyne x cm (2.6 x 10(-14) N x m) and the apparent stiffness was 4.3 (+/-1.3) x 10(-10) dyne x cm(2) (4.3 x 10(-19) N x m(2)). The stiffness of the hook was determined to be approximately one quarter the rigor stiffness of a rat sperm flagellum measured under comparable conditions.

  7. New Caledonian crows attend to multiple functional properties of complex tools.

    PubMed

    St Clair, James J H; Rutz, Christian

    2013-11-19

    The ability to attend to the functional properties of foraging tools should affect energy-intake rates, fitness components and ultimately the evolutionary dynamics of tool-related behaviour. New Caledonian crows Corvus moneduloides use three distinct tool types for extractive foraging: non-hooked stick tools, hooked stick tools and tools cut from the barbed edges of Pandanus spp. leaves. The latter two types exhibit clear functional polarity, because of (respectively) a single terminal, crow-manufactured hook and natural barbs running along one edge of the leaf strip; in each case, the 'hooks' can only aid prey capture if the tool is oriented correctly by the crow during deployment. A previous experimental study of New Caledonian crows found that subjects paid little attention to the barbs of supplied (wide) pandanus tools, resulting in non-functional tool orientation during foraging. This result is puzzling, given the presumed fitness benefits of consistently orienting tools functionally in the wild. We investigated whether the lack of discrimination with respect to (wide) pandanus tool orientation also applies to hooked stick tools. We experimentally provided subjects with naturalistic replica tools in a range of orientations and found that all subjects used these tools correctly, regardless of how they had been presented. In a companion experiment, we explored the extent to which normally co-occurring tool features (terminal hook, curvature of the tool shaft and stripped bark at the hooked end) inform tool-orientation decisions, by forcing birds to deploy 'unnatural' tools, which exhibited these traits at opposite ends. Our subjects attended to at least two of the three tool features, although, as expected, the location of the hook was of paramount importance. We discuss these results in the context of earlier research and propose avenues for future work.

  8. Physiological response of largemouth bass to angling stress

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Gustaveson, A. Wayne; Wydoski, Richard S.; Wedemeyer, Gary A.

    1991-01-01

    The physiological effects of catch-and-release fishing on largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides from Lake Powell and Mantua Reservoir, Utah, were evaluated, and an estimate of the time needed for recovery from hooking stress was obtained. Fatigue in Lake Powell fish, as indicated by elevated blood lactate, was directly proportional to hooking time (1–5 min) and water temperature, but recovery from the hyperlacticemia was relatively rapid (about 24 h). Hyperglycemia, an indicator of stress hormone production, did not occur in largemouth bass hooked and played for 1–5 min in the coldest water (11–13°C), was moderate in fish hooked and played at l6–20°C, and was severe in fish played for 5 min at 28–30°C. Fish held for recovery in live cages suffered further hyperglycemia, presumably because of the stress of confinement. Ionoregulation, as indicated by relatively stable plasma chloride values, was not immediately affected in largemouth bass caught at water temperatures of 11–13°C or 28–30°C, but an unusual hyperchloremia developed in fish hooked and played at 16–20°C. During recovery, the expected progressive hypochloremia developed. Plasma osmolality was somewhat affected by hooking at all water temperatures tested, but recovery was almost complete within about 8 h. Mantua Reservoir fish were hooked and played only at water temperatures of 23–26°C. The hyperlacticemia and hyperglycemia that occurred were generally more severe than in the Lake Powell fish hooked and played at either 16–20°C or 28–30°C. However, effects on plasma chloride and osmolality were similar to those occurring in Lake Powell fish.

  9. Diagnosis and management of hook of hamate fractures.

    PubMed

    Kadar, Assaf; Bishop, Allen T; Suchyta, Marissa A; Moran, Steven L

    2018-06-01

    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the time to diagnosis and management of hook of hamate fractures in an era of advanced imaging. We performed a retrospective study of 51 patients treated for hook of hamate fractures. Patients were sent a quickDASH questionnaire regarding the outcomes of their treatment. Hook of hamate fractures were diagnosed with advanced imaging at a median of 27 days. Clinical findings of hook of hamate tenderness had better sensitivity than carpal tunnel-view radiographs. Nonunion occurred in 24% of patients with non-operative treatment and did not occur in the operative group. Both treatment groups achieved good clinical results, with a grip strength of 80% compared with the non-injured hand and a median quickDASH score of 2. Advanced imaging improved the time to diagnosis and treatment compared to historical case series. Nonunion is common in patients treated non-operatively. IV.

  10. Bohlin transformation: the hidden symmetry that connects Hooke to Newton

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Saggio, Maria Luisa

    2013-01-01

    Hooke's name is familiar to students of mechanics thanks to the law of force that bears his name. Less well-known is the influence his findings had on the founder of mechanics, Isaac Newton. In a lecture given some twenty years ago, W Arnol'd pointed out the outstanding contribution to science made by Hooke, and also noted the controversial issue of the attribution of important discoveries to Newton that were actually inspired by Hooke. It therefore seems ironic that the two most famous force laws, named after Hooke and Newton, are two geometrical aspects of the same law. This relationship, together with other illuminating aspects of Newtonian mechanics, is described in Arnol'd's book and is worth remembering in standard physics courses. In this didactical paper the duality of the two forces is expounded and an account of the more recent contributions to the subject is given.

  11. Comparison of morphological characters in Irish and English populations of the acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis (Müller, 1776).

    PubMed

    O'Mahony, E M; Kennedy, C R; Holland, C V

    2004-10-01

    Pomphorhynchus laevis is believed on ecological evidence to exist as three strains in the British Isles. However, the strains have never been shown to be capable of being distinguished using morphological characters. A morphological comparison was made between a sample of P. laevis from Salmo trutta in L. Feeagh in the west of Ireland and a sample from Leuciscus cephalus in R. Culm in the south of England. The length and width of the trunk, neck, bulb, proboscis and hooks were measured. The number of hooks per row, the number of rows and the positions of the stoutest and longest hooks were also recorded. A Principal Components Analysis based on the morphological measurements confirmed the separation of the two populations and showed that two characters successfully identified the populations: the position of the stoutest hook and the ratio of numbers of anterior to posterior hooks.

  12. Effects of contact shape on the scaling of biological attachments

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Spolenak, Ralph; Gorb, Stanislav; Gao, Huajian; Arzt, Eduard

    2005-02-01

    Adhesion of biological systems has recently received much research attention: the survival of organisms ranging from single cells and mussels to insects, spiders and geckos relies crucially on their mechanical interaction with their environments. For spiders, lizards and possible other 'dry' adhesive systems, explanations for adhesion are based on van der Waals interaction, and the adhesion of single-contact elements has been described by the classical Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) model derived for spherical contacts. However, real biological contacts display a variety of shapes and only rarely resemble a hemisphere. Here, we theoretically assess the influence of various contact shapes on the pull-off force for single contacts as well as their scaling potential in contact arrays. It is concluded that other shapes, such as a toroidal contact geometry, should lead to better attachment; such geometries are observed in our microscopic investigations of hair-tip shapes in beetles and flies.

  13. Outstanding conference paper award 2014 IEEE nuclear and space radiation effects conference

    DOE PAGES

    Dodds, Nathaniel Anson; Schwank, James R.; Shaneyfelt, Marty R.; ...

    2014-12-01

    The recipients of the 2014 NSREC Outstanding Conference Paper Award are Nathaniel A. Dodds, James R. Schwank, Marty R. Shaneyfelt, Paul E. Dodd, Barney L. Doyle, Michael Trinczek, Ewart W. Blackmore, Kenneth P. Rodbell, Michael S. Gordon, Robert A. Reed, Jonathan A. Pellish, Kenneth A. LaBel, Paul W. Marshall, Scot E. Swanson, Gyorgy Vizkelethy, Stuart Van Deusen, Frederick W. Sexton, and M. John Martinez, for their paper entitled "Hardness Assurance for Proton Direct Ionization-Induced SEEs Using a High-Energy Proton Beam." For older CMOS technologies, protons could only cause single-event effects (SEEs) through nuclear interactions. Numerous recent studies on 90 nmmore » and newer CMOS technologies have shown that protons can also cause SEEs through direct ionization. Furthermore, this paper develops and demonstrates an accurate and practical method for predicting the error rate caused by proton direct ionization (PDI).« less

  14. Outstanding conference paper award 2014 IEEE nuclear and space radiation effects conference

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Dodds, Nathaniel Anson; Schwank, James R.; Shaneyfelt, Marty R.

    The recipients of the 2014 NSREC Outstanding Conference Paper Award are Nathaniel A. Dodds, James R. Schwank, Marty R. Shaneyfelt, Paul E. Dodd, Barney L. Doyle, Michael Trinczek, Ewart W. Blackmore, Kenneth P. Rodbell, Michael S. Gordon, Robert A. Reed, Jonathan A. Pellish, Kenneth A. LaBel, Paul W. Marshall, Scot E. Swanson, Gyorgy Vizkelethy, Stuart Van Deusen, Frederick W. Sexton, and M. John Martinez, for their paper entitled "Hardness Assurance for Proton Direct Ionization-Induced SEEs Using a High-Energy Proton Beam." For older CMOS technologies, protons could only cause single-event effects (SEEs) through nuclear interactions. Numerous recent studies on 90 nmmore » and newer CMOS technologies have shown that protons can also cause SEEs through direct ionization. Furthermore, this paper develops and demonstrates an accurate and practical method for predicting the error rate caused by proton direct ionization (PDI).« less

  15. GMAG Dissertation Award: Tunnel spin injectors for semiconductor spintronics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jiang, Xin

    2004-03-01

    Spin-based electronics aims to develop novel sensor, memory and logic devices by manipulating the spin states of carriers in semiconducting materials. This talk will focus on electrical spin injection into semiconductors, which is a prerequisite for spintronics and, in particular, on tunnel based spin injectors that are potentially operable above room temperature. The magneto-transport properties of two families of tunnel spin injectors will be discussed. The spin polarization of the electron current within the semiconductor is detected by measuring the circular polarization of the electroluminescence (EL) from a quantum well light emitting diode structure. The temperature and bias dependence of the EL polarization provides insight into the mechanism of spin relaxation within the semiconductor heterostructure. Collaborators: Roger Wang^1,2, Sebastiaan van Dijken^1,*, Robert Shelby^1, Roger Macfarlane^1, Seth Bank^2, Glenn Solomon^2, James Harris^2, and Stuart S. P. Parkin^1 * Currently at Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland

  16. STS 51B/SPACELAB (SL)-3 - CREW INSIGNIA

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1984-01-01

    S84-44372 (December 1984) --- The space shuttle Discovery and its science module payload are featured in the insignia for the STS-51B/Spacelab 3 mission. The seven stars of the constellation Pegasus surround the orbiting spaceship above the flag draped Earth. Surnames of the seven crew members encircle the scene. Crew members are astronauts Robert F. Overmyer, Frederick D. Gregory, Don L. Lind, Norman E. Thagard and William E. Thornton; and payload specialists Lodewijk van den Berg and Taylor G. Wang. The artwork was done by Carol Ann Lind. The NASA insignia design for space shuttle flights is reserved for use by the astronauts and for other official use as the NASA Administrator may authorize. Public availability has been approved only in the forms of illustrations by the various news media. When and if there is any change in this policy, which is not anticipated, the change will be publicly announced. Photo credit: NASA

  17. STS-41 Ulysses Breakfast, Suit-up, C-7 Exit, Launch and ISOS Cam Views

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1990-01-01

    Live footage shows the crewmembers of STS-41, Commander Richard N. Richards, Pilot Robert D. Cabana, Mission Specialists William M. Shepherd, Bruce E. Melnick, and Thomas D. Akers, participating in the traditional activities the day of their flight. The crew are seen eating breakfast, suiting-up, walking out to the Astronaut-Van, putting on life vests in the 'White Room' area, and entering the crew module of the Discovery Orbiter. Footage also includes preparation of the Ulysses Payload. Engineers are seen loading Ulysses to the upper stage, transferring Discovery to an upright position, bolting Discovery to the external tank, rolling Discovery out to the launch pad, and finally installing the Ulysses Payload inside Discovery. Also shown are both night and morning panoramic shots of the shuttle on the pad, main engine start, ignition, liftoff, booster separation, and various camera views of the launch.

  18. Spacelab

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1985-04-01

    Activities inside the laboratory module during the Spacelab-3 mission are shown in this photograph. Left to right are astronauts Robert Overmyer, Commander of the mission; Don Lind, Mission Specialist; Lodewijk van den Berg, Payload Specialist; and William Thornton, Mission Specialist. The primary purpose of the Spacelab-3 mission was to conduct materials science experiments in a stable low-gravity environment. In addition, the crew did research in life sciences, fluid mechanics, atmospheric science, and astronomy. Spacelab-3 was equipped with several new minilabs, special facilities that would be used repeatedly on future flights. Two elaborate crystal growth furnaces, a life support and housing facility for small animals, and two types of apparatus for the study of fluids were evaluated on their inaugural flight. Spacelab-3 (STS-51B) was launched aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger on April 29, 1985. The Marshall Space Flight Center had managing responsibilities of the mission.

  19. 33 CFR 334.102 - Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons Station EARLE, Piers and Terminal Channel, restricted area...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons... DANGER ZONE AND RESTRICTED AREA REGULATIONS § 334.102 Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons Station EARLE, Piers..., shall be enforced by the Commanding Officer, Naval Weapons Station Earle, and/or other persons or...

  20. 33 CFR 334.102 - Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons Station EARLE, Piers and Terminal Channel, restricted area...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons... DANGER ZONE AND RESTRICTED AREA REGULATIONS § 334.102 Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons Station EARLE, Piers..., shall be enforced by the Commanding Officer, Naval Weapons Station Earle, and/or other persons or...

  1. 33 CFR 334.102 - Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons Station EARLE, Piers and Terminal Channel, restricted area...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons... DANGER ZONE AND RESTRICTED AREA REGULATIONS § 334.102 Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons Station EARLE, Piers..., shall be enforced by the Commanding Officer, Naval Weapons Station Earle, and/or other persons or...

  2. 33 CFR 334.102 - Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons Station EARLE, Piers and Terminal Channel, restricted area...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons... DANGER ZONE AND RESTRICTED AREA REGULATIONS § 334.102 Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons Station EARLE, Piers..., shall be enforced by the Commanding Officer, Naval Weapons Station Earle, and/or other persons or...

  3. 33 CFR 334.102 - Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons Station EARLE, Piers and Terminal Channel, restricted area...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons... DANGER ZONE AND RESTRICTED AREA REGULATIONS § 334.102 Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons Station EARLE, Piers..., shall be enforced by the Commanding Officer, Naval Weapons Station Earle, and/or other persons or...

  4. Morphological and histochemical demonstration of hooks in the rostellar region of Cysticercus bovis.

    PubMed

    Zdárská, Z

    1976-01-01

    Hooklets and early developmental stages of hooks were discovered in the tegument among the microtriches in the rostellar region of 83- and 108-day-old Cysticercus bovis. The cortical layer of hooks consists of proteins with tyrosine and SS groups. The rostellar sac and bulb are distinctly developed in the parenchyma of the rostellar region.

  5. 46 CFR 173.025 - Additional intact stability standards: Counterballasted vessels.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... of heel. T=angle of heel. EC01MR91.028 Where— GZ(1) is the righting arm curve at the displacement corresponding to the vessel without hooking load. GZ(2) is the righting arm curve at the displacement... of the hook load and the counterballast at the displacement with hook load. HA(2) is the heeling arm...

  6. 46 CFR 173.025 - Additional intact stability standards: Counterballasted vessels.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... of heel. T=angle of heel. EC01MR91.028 Where— GZ(1) is the righting arm curve at the displacement corresponding to the vessel without hooking load. GZ(2) is the righting arm curve at the displacement... of the hook load and the counterballast at the displacement with hook load. HA(2) is the heeling arm...

  7. 46 CFR 173.025 - Additional intact stability standards: Counterballasted vessels.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... of heel. T=angle of heel. EC01MR91.028 Where— GZ(1) is the righting arm curve at the displacement corresponding to the vessel without hooking load. GZ(2) is the righting arm curve at the displacement... of the hook load and the counterballast at the displacement with hook load. HA(2) is the heeling arm...

  8. 46 CFR 173.025 - Additional intact stability standards: Counterballasted vessels.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... of heel. T=angle of heel. EC01MR91.028 Where— GZ(1) is the righting arm curve at the displacement corresponding to the vessel without hooking load. GZ(2) is the righting arm curve at the displacement... of the hook load and the counterballast at the displacement with hook load. HA(2) is the heeling arm...

  9. 46 CFR 173.025 - Additional intact stability standards: Counterballasted vessels.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... of heel. T=angle of heel. EC01MR91.028 Where— GZ(1) is the righting arm curve at the displacement corresponding to the vessel without hooking load. GZ(2) is the righting arm curve at the displacement... of the hook load and the counterballast at the displacement with hook load. HA(2) is the heeling arm...

  10. 75 FR 2469 - Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; Reef Fish Fishery of the Gulf of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-15

    ... more than 750 hooks rigged for fishing or fished at any given time. The intended effect of the... these alternatives would result in lower adverse economic effects than the proposed hook restriction is... lower hook limit would be expected to result in greater adverse economic effects than the proposed limit...

  11. The "hook effect" causing a negative pregnancy test in a patient with an advanced molar pregnancy.

    PubMed

    Winder, Abigail D; Mora, Adria Suarez; Berry, Emily; Lurain, John R

    2017-08-01

    •At high hCG levels in molar pregnancies, a "hook effect" can cause an artificially negative value.•Delay in diagnosis of a molar pregnancy due to the "hook effect" can lead to severe complications.•Suspicion of a molar pregnancy should be communicated so a diluted sample is used to quantify hCG.

  12. 77 FR 61295 - Snapper-Grouper Fishery off the Southern Atlantic States; Snapper-Grouper Management Measures

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-09

    ...), gutted weight, to ensure that the hook-and-line component of the commercial sector has the opportunity to... hook-and-line quota is not met by September 1, boats with longline endorsements should be able to participate in the hook-and-line component of the commercial sector, using bandit reels, under a 500 lb (227...

  13. 75 FR 80720 - Magnuson-Stevens Act Provisions; Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Northeast...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-23

    ... (GB) when fishing under a groundfish/monkfish DAS; (6) limits on the number of hooks that may be... groundfish/monkfish DAS; (7) limits on the number of hooks that may be fished; and (8) DAS Leasing Program.... 7. Limitation on the Number of Hooks That May Be Fished The GB Cod Fixed Gear Sector was granted an...

  14. 75 FR 6318 - Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; Coastal Migratory Pelagic...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-09

    ...: Temporary rule; trip limit reduction. SUMMARY: NMFS reduces the trip limit in the commercial hook-and-line... separate quotas. The quota for the hook-and-line fishery in the southern Florida west coast subzone is 520...), from the date that 75 percent of the southern Florida west coast subzone's hook-and- line gear quota...

  15. 78 FR 15642 - Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; Coastal Migratory Pelagic...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-12

    ...: Temporary rule; trip limit reduction. SUMMARY: NMFS reduces the trip limit in the hook-and-line component of... their separate quotas. The 2012 to 2013 fishing year quota for the hook-and-line component of the... southern Florida west coast subzone's hook-and- line gear quota has been harvested until a closure of the...

  16. 50 CFR 622.44 - Commercial trip limits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... been issued. (B) Hook-and-line gear. In the Florida west coast subzone, king mackerel in or from the... required by § 622.4(a)(2)(iii), and operating under the hook-and-line gear quotas in § 622.42(c)(1)(i)(A)(2... northern or southern subzone's hook-and-line gear quota has been harvested—in amounts not exceeding 1,250...

  17. 50 CFR 622.44 - Commercial trip limits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... been issued. (B) Hook-and-line gear. In the Florida west coast subzone, king mackerel in or from the... required by § 622.4(a)(2)(iii), and operating under the hook-and-line gear quotas in § 622.42(c)(1)(i)(A)(2... northern or southern subzone's hook-and-line gear quota has been harvested—in amounts not exceeding 1,250...

  18. Terrain Traversing Device Having a Wheel with Microhooks

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wiltsie, Nicholas (Inventor); Carpenter, Kalind C. (Inventor); Parness, Aaron (Inventor)

    2015-01-01

    A terrain traversing device is described. The device includes an annular rotor element with a plurality of co-planar microspine hooks arranged on the periphery of the annular rotor element. Each microspine hook has an independently flexible suspension configuration that permits the microspine hook to initially engage an irregularity in a terrain surface at a preset initial engagement angle and subsequently engage the irregularity with a continuously varying engagement angle when the annular rotor element is rotated for urging the terrain traversing device to traverse a terrain surface. Improvements related to the design, fabrication and use of the microspine hooks in the device are also described.

  19. Hooking-Up, Religiosity, and Sexting Among College Students.

    PubMed

    Hall, Michael; Williams, Ronald D; Ford, M Allison; Cromeans, Erin Murphy; Bergman, Randall J

    2016-07-28

    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mediation effect of sexting, and taking sexually suggestive photos on religiosity and hooking-up with three separate sexual outcomes. A web-based survey examined the relationship between religiosity and the three hooking-up outcomes among students reporting sexting or taking a sexually suggestive photo in the last 30 days (n = 231). Sexting, as well as taking sexually suggestive photos mediated the relationship between religiosity and hooking-up among females. Sexting may be initiated by females as a way to engage in a nonphysical sexual interaction, which ultimately predisposes them to a physical sexual outcome.

  20. Micro devices using shape memory polymer patches for mated connections

    DOEpatents

    Lee, Abraham P.; Fitch, Joseph P.

    2000-01-01

    A method and micro device for repositioning or retrieving miniature devices located in inaccessible areas, such as medical devices (e.g., stents, embolic coils, etc.) located in a blood vessel. The micro repositioning or retrieving device and method uses shape memory polymer (SMP) patches formed into mating geometries (e.g., a hoop and a hook) for re-attachment of the deposited medical device to a catheter or guidewire. For example, SMP or other material hoops are formed on the medical device to be deposited in a blood vessel, and SMP hooks are formed on the micro device attached to a guidewire, whereby the hooks on the micro device attach to the hoops on the medical device, or vice versa, enabling deposition, movement, re-deposit, or retrieval of the medical device. By changing the temperature of the SMP hooks, the hooks can be attached to or released from the hoops located on the medical device. An exemplary method for forming the hooks and hoops involves depositing a sacrificial thin film on a substrate, patterning and processing the thin film to form openings therethrough, depositing or bonding SMP materials in the openings so as to be attached to the substrate, and removing the sacrificial thin film.

  1. Application of Rubber Band with Hooks on Both Ends for Vagus Nerve Stimulator Implantation.

    PubMed

    Hosoyama, Hiroshi; Hanaya, Ryosuke; Otsubo, Toshiaki; Sato, Masanori; Kashida, Yumi; Sugata, Sei; Katagiri, Masaya; Iida, Koji; Arita, Kazunori

    2018-03-01

    Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a valuable therapeutic option for many types of drug-resistant epilepsy. Muscle hooks and carotid endarterectomy rings have been used for cervical delamination preceding the implantation of stimulation electrodes. The attachment on both sides of a rubber band of Kamiyama-style hanging needles, as are used for scalp and dural retraction during craniotomy, yields a useful tool for VNS implantation. Here we report our experience with this method. We present our method using a rubber band plus hooks and a review of 21 consecutive patients who underwent VNS implantation using our rubber band-plus-hooks method. None of the 21 patients experienced intraoperative or perioperative complications. Hooks placed in connective tissue around the common carotid artery and jugular vein raised the vagus nerve by elevating the carotid sheath. A single surgeon was able to perform all cervical manipulations under a surgical microscope. The average operation time in this series of 21 patients was 137 minutes. The use of hooks attached to both sides of a rubber band rendered VNS implantation safer by lifting the vagus nerve and standardizing the procedure. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  2. Improvement for identification of heterophile antibody interference and AFP hook effect in immunoassays with multiplex suspension bead array system.

    PubMed

    Wang, Yajie; Yu, Jinsheng; Ren, Yuan; Liu, Li; Li, Haowen; Guo, Anchen; Shi, Congning; Fang, Fang; Juehne, Twyla; Yao, Jianer; Yang, Enhuan; Zhou, Xuelei; Kang, Xixiong

    2013-11-15

    A variety of immunoassays including multiplex suspension bead array have been developed for tumor marker detections; however, these assays could be compromised in their sensitivity and specificity by well-known heterophile antibody interference and hook effect. Using Luminex® multiplex suspension bead arrays, we modified protocols with two newly-developed solutions that can identify heterophile antibody interference and AFP hook effect. Effectiveness of the two solutions was assessed in serum samples from patients. Concentrations of 9 tumor markers in heterophile antibody positive samples assayed with Solution A, containing murine monoclonal antibodies and mouse serum, were significantly reduced when compared with those false high signals assayed without Solution A (all p<0.01). With incorporation of Solution H (fluorescent beads linked with AFP antigen), a new strategy for identification of AFP hook effect was established, and with this strategy AFP hook effect was identified effectively in serum samples with very high levels of AFP. Two proprietary solutions improve the identification of heterophile antibody interference and AFP hook effect. With these solutions, multiplex suspension bead arrays provide more reliable testing results in tumor marker detection where complex clinical serum samples are used. © 2013.

  3. [Complications of treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation and unstable distal clavicular fracture with clavicular hook plate].

    PubMed

    Zhu, Yi-Yong; Cui, Heng-Yan; Jiang, Pan-Qiang; Wang, Jian-Liang

    2013-11-01

    To investigate the causes and prevention of the complications about treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation (Tossy III) and unstable distal clavicular fracture (Neer II) with clavicular hook plate. From January 2001 to December 2011, 246 patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocation (Tossy III) and 222 patients with unstable distal clavicular fracture (Neer II) were treated with acromioclvicular hook plate fixation,including 348 males and 120 females with an average age of 45.4 years old ranging from 21 to 80 years old. The mean time from injury to operation was 30.8 hours (ranged from 1 h to 15 d). All patients had normal shoulder function before injury. According to Karlsson evaluation standard, the cases with excellent and good function of the shoulder joint were regarded as the normal group, and the cases with poor function of shoulder joint as the abnormal group. The comparison of the range of forward flexion,backward stretch, adduction, abduction and elevation of shoulder joints between two groups was performed. The data of impingement, subacromial osteolysis, acromioclavicular arthritis, clavicular stress fracture, downward acromioclavicular joint subluxation, hook cut-out and hook break were summarized. All patients were followed up from 8 to 48 months with an average of 12.5 months. The results were excellent in 308 cases,good in 76,and poor in 84 according to Karlsson evaluation. The excellent and good rate was 82.1%. The difference of the range of forward flexion, backward stretch, adduction, abduction and elevation of shoulder joints between two groups had a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01). Among 84 poor cases, there were 41 (8.76%) in acromial impingement or inadequate place of plate hook, 12 (2.56%) with subacromial osteolysis or/and bursitis, 10 (2.14%) with acromioclavicular arthritis or painful shoulder caused by delayed dirigation,7 (1.50%) with clavicular stress fracture or interal plate upward, 6 (1.28%) with downward acromioclavicular joint subluxation, 5 (1.07%) with hook cut -out and 3 (0.64%) in hook break. The clavicular hook plate is useful for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation (Tossy III) and unstable distal clavicular fracture (Neer II). The correct place and suitable preflex of plate hook,the restoration of fiber structure around the acromioclavicular joint and the advisable dirigation contribute to the modified rate of complications.

  4. Surgical treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocations: hook plate versus minimally invasive reconstruction.

    PubMed

    Metzlaff, S; Rosslenbroich, S; Forkel, P H; Schliemann, B; Arshad, H; Raschke, M; Petersen, W

    2016-06-01

    This study was performed to compare the clinical results of a minimally invasive technique for acute acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation repair with the traditional hook plate fixation. Forty-four patients with an acute (within 2 weeks after trauma) complete AC joint separation (35 male, nine female; median age 36.2 years, range 18-56) underwent surgical repair with either a minimally invasive AC joint repair or a conventional hook plate. Functional outcome was evaluated using the Constant-Murley Score (CMS), the TAFT score and the AC joint instability score (ACJI). Radiographic evaluation was performed with bilateral anterior-posterior (a.p.) stress and Alexander views. All patients were available after a median follow-up of 32 months (range 24-51). There were no significant differences in the mean CMS, Taft score and the ACJI between the two groups. The radiological assessment revealed no significant difference in the coracoclavicular distance. In both groups, a slight loss of reduction was observed. Periarticular ossification was seen in 11 patients of the minimally invasive AC joint repair and eight patients of the hook plate group but this did not affect the final outcome. Hook plates were removed after a median interval of 11.9 weeks (range 10-13). Good clinical results can be achieved with both minimally invasive AC joint repair and hook plate fixation. However, in the hook plate group a second operation is mandatory for plate removal. III.

  5. [Case-control study on endobutton plate or clavicular hook plate for the repair of acromioclavicular joint dislocations].

    PubMed

    Zhu, Li; Yang, He-Jie; Zhao, Wan-Jun; Yang, Wu-Min; Zhou, Hui

    2012-02-01

    To compare the treatment results between Endobutton plate and clavicular hook plate for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocations. From January 2009 to September 2010, 30 patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocations were treated with two different fixations: Endobutton plate (15 patients, including 12 males and 3 females, with a mean age of 38.5 +/- 8.2 years) and clavicular hook plate (15 patients, including 14 males and 1 female, with the mean age of 33.8 +/- 5.9 years). The mean operative time and blood loss were compared between the two groups. Joint function was assessed by the Karlsson standard. The mean operative time of the Endobutton group and the hook plate group were (61 +/- 8.6) min and (40 +/- 5.6) min. The average blood loss were (93 +/- 8.4) ml and (100 +/- 12.6) ml. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in the average blood loss and the mean operative time. According to the Karlsson standard, 13 patients got an excellent result, 2 good in the Endobutton group; and 7 patients got an excellent result and 7 good in hook plate group. The therapeutic effect in Endobutton group was better than that of hook plate group. In the treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation, fixation with Endobutton plate is believed to be better than hook plate fixation. It is an effective method for the repair of acromioclavicular joint dislocations in a short term. But its long term effects still need further follow up.

  6. 76 FR 29671 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Reallocation of Pacific Cod in the Bering...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-23

    ... gear to catcher vessels less than 60 feet (18.3 meters) length overall using hook-and-line or pot gear... catcher vessel apportionment to catcher vessels less than 60 feet length overall (LOA) using hook-and-line... feet LOA using hook-and-line or pot gear. Classification This action responds to the best available...

  7. 75 FR 7403 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher/Processors Using Hook...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-19

    .... 0810141351-9087-02] RIN 0648-XU36 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher/Processors Using Hook-and-Line Gear in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area AGENCY: National... using hook-and-line gear in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area (BSAI). This action is...

  8. 76 FR 28169 - Airworthiness Directives; Agusta S.p.A. Model AB412 Helicopters

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-16

    ... lock pin may cause the loss of the hoist hook and any load. The absence of the lock pin constitutes an... cause the loss of the hoist hook and any load. The absence of the lock pin constitutes an unsafe... absence of this lock pin to prevent the loss of a rescue hoist hook and its load. [[Page 28171

  9. Photocopy of plan (in collection of U.S. Coast Guard Civil ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    Photocopy of plan (in collection of U.S. Coast Guard Civil Engineering Unit Providence, Warwick, RI), U.S. Coast Guard Civil Engineering, third district, marine railway, Sandy Hook Station, Ft. Hancock, Sandy Hook, NJ, repairs, plan sections & framing details, wharf B - U.S. Coast Guard Sandy Hook Station, Western Docking Structure, West of intersection of Canfield Road & Hartshorne Drive, Highlands, Monmouth County, NJ

  10. 77 FR 65356 - Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic; Snapper-Grouper Fishery Off the...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-26

    ... commercial annual catch limit (ACL) between the longline and hook-and-line components. Seventy-five percent... and 25 percent of the ACL, or 135,324 lb (61,382 kg), gutted weight, would be allocated to the hook... trip limit was originally intended to allow hook-and-line fishermen access to golden tilefish in the...

  11. Evolved to fail: Bacteria induce flagellar buckling to reorient

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Son, Kwangmin; Guasto, Jeffrey S.; Stocker, Roman

    2012-11-01

    Many marine bacteria swim with a single helical flagellum connected to a rotary motor via a 100 nm long universal joint called the ``hook.'' While these bacteria have seemingly just one degree of freedom, allowing them to swim only back and forth, they in fact exhibit large angular reorientations mediated by off-axis ``flicks'' of their flagellum. High-speed video microscopy revealed the mechanism underpinning this turning behavior: the buckling of the hook during the exceedingly brief (10 ms) forward run that follows a reversal. Direct measurements of the hook's mechanical properties corroborated this result, as the hook's structural stability is governed by the Sperm number, which compares the compressive load from propulsion to the elastic restoring force of the hook. Upon decreasing the Sperm number below a critical value by reducing the swimming speed, the frequency of flicks diminishes sharply, consistent with the criticality of buckling. This elegant, under-actuated turning mechanism appears widespread among marine bacteria and may provide a novel design concept in micro-robotics.

  12. Can hook-bending be let off the hook? Bending/unbending of pliant tools by cockatoos.

    PubMed

    Laumer, I B; Bugnyar, T; Reber, S A; Auersperg, A M I

    2017-09-13

    The spontaneous crafting of hook-tools from bendable material to lift a basket out of a vertical tube in corvids has widely been used as one of the prime examples of animal tool innovation. However, it was recently suggested that the animals' solution was hardly innovative but strongly influenced by predispositions from habitual tool use and nest building. We tested Goffin's cockatoo, which is neither a specialized tool user nor a nest builder, on a similar task set-up. Three birds individually learned to bend hook tools from straight wire to retrieve food from vertical tubes and four subjects unbent wire to retrieve food from horizontal tubes. Pre-experience with ready-made hooks had some effect but was not necessary for success. Our results indicate that the ability to represent and manufacture tools according to a current need does not require genetically hardwired behavioural routines, but can indeed arise innovatively from domain general cognitive processing. © 2017 The Authors.

  13. 77 FR 53152 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Reallocation of Pacific Cod in the Bering...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-31

    ... gear, catcher vessels greater than 60 feet (18.3 meters) length overall (LOA) using hook-and-line gear, and catcher vessels using trawl gear to catcher vessels less than 60 feet (18.3 meters) LOA using hook... than 60 feet (18.3 meters(m)) LOA using hook-and- line or pot gear. The 2012 Pacific cod TAC specified...

  14. 78 FR 59908 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-30

    ... authorizing a designated vessel to catch and process Pacific cod in the BSAI hook-and-line fisheries to use... (MLOA) to 220 feet (67 m) on LLP licenses authorizing vessels to catch and process Pacific cod with hook... cod with hook-and-line and pot gear in the BSAI to increase the MLOA on the LLP license to 220 feet...

  15. Discovery of a vezatin-like protein for dynein-mediated early endosome transport

    PubMed Central

    Yao, Xuanli; Arst, Herbert N.; Wang, Xiangfeng; Xiang, Xin

    2015-01-01

    Early endosomes are transported bidirectionally by cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin-3, but how the movements are regulated in vivo remains unclear. Here our forward genetic study led to the discovery of VezA, a vezatin-like protein in Aspergillus nidulans, as a factor critical for early endosome distribution. Loss of vezA causes an abnormal accumulation of early endosomes at the hyphal tip, where microtubule plus ends are located. This abnormal accumulation depends on kinesin-3 and is due to a decrease in the frequency but not the speed of dynein-mediated early endosome movement. VezA-GFP signals are enriched at the hypha tip in an actin-dependent manner but are not obviously associated with early endosomes, thus differing from the early endosome association of the cargo adapter HookA (Hook in A. nidulans). On loss of VezA, HookA associates normally with early endosomes, but the interaction between dynein-dynactin and the early-endosome-bound HookA is significantly decreased. However, VezA is not required for linking dynein-dynactin to the cytosolic ∆C-HookA, lacking the cargo-binding C-terminus. These results identify VezA as a novel regulator required for the interaction between dynein and the Hook-bound early endosomes in vivo. PMID:26378255

  16. Gap compression/extension mechanism of bacterial flagellar hook as the molecular universal joint.

    PubMed

    Furuta, Tadaomi; Samatey, Fadel A; Matsunami, Hideyuki; Imada, Katsumi; Namba, Keiichi; Kitao, Akio

    2007-03-01

    Bacterial flagellar hook acts as a molecular universal joint, transmitting torque produced by the flagellar basal body, a rotary motor, to the flagellar filament. The hook forms polymorphic supercoil structures and can be considered as an assembly of 11 circularly arranged protofilaments. We investigated the molecular mechanism of the universal joint function of the hook by a approximately two-million-atom molecular dynamics simulation. On the inner side of the supercoil, protein subunits are highly packed along the protofilament and no gaps remain for further compression, whereas subunits are slightly separated and are hydrogen bonded through one layer of water molecules on the outer side. As for the intersubunit interactions between protofilaments, subunits are packed along the 6-start helix in a left-handed supercoil whereas they are highly packed along the 5-start helix in a right-handed supercoil. We conclude that the supercoiled structures of the hook in the left- and right-handed forms make maximal use of the gaps between subunits, which we call "gap compression/extension mechanism". Mutual sliding of subunits at the subunit interface accompanying rearrangements of intersubunit hydrogen bonds is interpreted as a mechanism to allow continuous structural change of the hook during flagellar rotation at low energy cost.

  17. The hook effect in calcitonin immunoradiometric assay: a case report.

    PubMed

    Fangous, Marie-Sarah; Kerspern, Hélène; Moineau, Marie-Pierre; Kerlan, Véronique; Alavi, Zarrin; Carré, Jean-Luc

    2012-12-01

    The hook effect, which has long been detected and documented for immunoradiometric assays (IRMA) such as those measuring prolactin or thyroglobulin, occurs when the serum antigen level is extremely high, thus inducing a bias in the methodology of measurement. We report the case of an 80-year-old man with confirmed medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). In the case reported here, the clinical status of the patient contrasts with his tumor antigen, serum calcitonin (CT), concentrations. The measured increased CT concentrations revealed the presence of a hook effect. This phenomenon occurs due to an excess of antigen during the one-step IRMA where the signal antibodies, bound to the non-captured antigens, are washed out during the measurement, inducing the loss of signal. Aiming to prevent the "hook effect", successive dilutions of the same sample of serum were done. Previous studies have shown when one-step IRMA reveals high concentrations of a tumor serum antigen (i.e. prolactin or thyroglobulin), a two-step IRMA or a systematic 1:10 dilution of the serum sample prevents the formation of the "hook effect". In our case report, the CT "hook effect" formation was prevented by performing serial dilutions of the serum sample. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  18. Two fault tolerant toggle-hook release

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Graves, Thomas Joseph (Inventor); Brown, Christopher William (Inventor)

    1991-01-01

    A coupling device is disclosed which is mechanically two fault tolerant for release. The device comprises a fastener plate and fastener body, each of which is attachable to a different one of a pair of structures to be joined. The fastener plate and body are coupled by an elongate toggle mounted at one end in a socket on the fastener plate for universal pivotal movement thereon. The other end of the toggle is received in an opening in the fastener body and adapted for limited pivotal movement therein. The toggle is adapted to be restrained by three latch hooks arranged in symmetrical equiangular spacing about the axis of the toggle, each hook being mounted on the fastener body for pivotal movement between an unlatching non-contact position with respect to the toggle and a latching position in engagement with a latching surface of the toggle. The device includes releasable lock means for locking each latch hook in its latching position whereby the toggle couples the fastener plate to the fastener body and means for releasing the lock means to unlock each said latch hook from the latch position whereby the unlocking of at least one of the latch hooks from its latching position results in the decoupling of the fastener plate from the fastener body.

  19. Arthroscopic evaluation for omalgia patients undergoing the clavicular hook plate fixation of distal clavicle fractures

    PubMed Central

    2014-01-01

    Background The aim of this study is to investigate the anatomic changes in the shoulder joints responsible for omalgia after the clavicular hook plate fixation under arthroscope. Methods Arthroscopic examination was carried out for 12 omalgia patients who underwent clavicular hook plate fixation due to distal clavicle fractures. Functional outcome of shoulder was measured by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score before and after the withdrawal of the fixation plate. Results The rotator cuff compression by the clavicular hook was arthroscopically observed in 11 of the 12 cases. The JOA scores of the shoulder were significantly improved at 1 month after the withdrawal of the fixation plate (pain, 28 ± 2.4 vs. 15 ± 5.2; function, 19.2 ± 1.0 vs. 11.7 ± 1.9; range of movements, 26.8 ± 2.6 vs. 14.8 ± 3.4) compared with before. Conclusions The impingement of the hook to the rotator cuff may be the main cause for the omalgia. The appropriate hook and plate that fit to the curve of the clavicle as well as the acromion are necessary to decrease the severity of omalgia. PMID:24917508

  20. The influence of pornography on sexual scripts and hooking up among emerging adults in college.

    PubMed

    Braithwaite, Scott R; Coulson, Gwen; Keddington, Krista; Fincham, Frank D

    2015-01-01

    The explosive growth in access to the Internet has led to a commensurate increase in the availability, anonymity, and affordability of pornography. An emerging body of research has shown associations between pornography and certain behaviors and attitudes; yet, how pornography actually influences these outcomes has not been documented. In two studies (Study 1 N = 969; Study 2 N = 992) we examined the hypothesis that pornography influences potentially risky sexual behavior (hooking up) among emerging adults via sexual scripts. Our results demonstrate that more frequent viewing of pornography is associated with a higher incidence of hooking up and a higher number of unique hook up partners. We replicated these effects both cross-sectionally and longitudinally while accounting for the stability of hook ups over the course of an academic semester. We also demonstrated that more frequent viewing of pornography is associated with having had more previous sexual partners of all types, more one occasion sexual partners ("one night stands"), and plans to have a higher number of sexual partners in the future. Finally, we provided evidence that more permissive sexual scripts mediated the association between more frequent pornography viewing and hooking up. We discuss these findings with an eye toward mitigating potential personal and public health risks among emerging adults.

  1. In vitro biomechanical comparison of pedicle screws, sublaminar hooks, and sublaminar cables.

    PubMed

    Hitchon, Patrick W; Brenton, Matthew D; Black, Andrew G; From, Aaron; Harrod, Jeremy S; Barry, Christopher; Serhan, Hassan; Torner, James C

    2003-07-01

    Three types of posterior thoracolumbar implants are in use today: pedicle screws, sublaminar titaniumcables, and sublaminar hooks. The authors conducted a biomechanical comparison of these three implants in human cadaveric spines. Spine specimens (T5-12) were harvested, radiographically assessed for fractures or metastases, and their bone mineral density (BMD) was measured. Individual vertebrae were disarticulated and fitted with either pedicle screws, sublaminar cables, or bilateral claw hooks. The longitudinal component of each construct consisted of bilateral 10-cm rods connected with two cross-connectors. The vertebral body was embedded in cement, and the rods were affixed to a ball-and-socket apparatus for the application of a distraction force. The authors analyzed 1) 20 vertebrae implanted with screws; 2) 20 with hooks, and 3) 20 with cables. The maximum pullout (MPO) forces prior to failure (mean +/- standard deviation) for the screw, hook, and cable implants were 972 +/- 330, 802 +/- 356, and 654 +/- 248 N, respectively (p = 0.0375). Cables allowed significantly greater displacement (6.80 +/- 3.95 mm) prior to reaching the MPO force than hooks (3.73 +/- 1.42 mm) and screws (4.42 +/- 2.15 mm [p = 0.0108]). Eleven screw-implanted vertebrae failed because of screw pullout. All hook-and-cable-implanted vertebrae failed because of pedicle, middle column, or laminar fracture. These findings suggest that screws possess the greatest pullout strength of the three fixation systems. Sublaminar cables are the least rigid of the three. When screw failure occurred, the mechanism was generally screw back-out, without vertebral fractures.

  2. Short-term outcomes of arthroscopic TightRope® fixation are better than hook plate fixation in acute unstable acromioclavicular joint dislocations.

    PubMed

    Bin Abd Razak, Hamid Rahmatullah; Yeo, Eng-Meng Nicholas; Yeo, William; Lie, Tijauw-Tjoen Denny

    2018-07-01

    The aim of this study was to compare the short-term outcomes of arthroscopic TightRope ® fixation with that of hook plate fixation in patients with acute unstable acromioclavicular joint dislocations. We conducted a prospective case-control study of twenty-six patients with an acute ACJ dislocation who underwent surgical repair with either an arthroscopic TightRope ® fixation or a hook plate from 2013 to 2016. Clinical and radiological data were collected prospectively. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Constant Score, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Shoulder Score, Oxford Shoulder Score as well as the visual analogue scale. Radiological outcomes were assessed with the coracoclavicular distance (CCD). Sixteen patients underwent arthroscopic TightRope ® fixation, while 10 patients underwent hook plate fixation. There were no significant differences in the preoperative variables except for the mean UCLA 4b infraspinatus score (TightRope ® 2.8 vs. hook plate 3.8; p = 0.030). Duration of surgery was significantly longer in the TightRope ® group. At 1 year post-operatively, the TightRope ® group had a significantly better Constant Score and CCD with no complications. All patients with hook plate fixation had to undergo a second procedure for removal of implant, and 3 patients had complications. Arthroscopic TightRope ® fixation is a good option for the treatment of acute unstable ACJ dislocations. It has better short-term clinical and radiological outcomes as well as lesser complications when compared to hook plate fixation. Therapeutic, Level III.

  3. Transfissural Route Used for Preoperative Localization of Small Pulmonary Lesions with a Short Hook Wire and Suture System

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Iguchi, Toshihiro, E-mail: iguchi@ba2.so-net.ne.jp; Hiraki, Takao, E-mail: takaoh@tc4.so-net.ne.jp; Gobara, Hideo, E-mail: gobara@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp

    2015-02-15

    PurposeWe retrospectively evaluated the results of the transfissural route for preoperative localization with a short hook wire and suture system for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).MethodsEleven patients with 11 tumors underwent CT-guided transfissural placement of a hook wire before VATS. This route was selected for all patients, because the distance between the tumor and interlobar fissure was much shorter than the required distance traversed using the conventional approach. Complications were evaluated using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0.ResultsThe hook wire was successfully placed using the transfissural route in all but one case. Of these tenmore » successful placements, two tumors needed a second puncture for optimal placement, because the CT scan showed that the first hook wire was not properly placed in the lung. In one patient, we did not attempt replacement after the first placement was incorrect. In ten successful procedures, the mean distance traversed in the parenchyma of the unaffected lung lobe was 27.9 mm. The distance between the pleura and placed hook wire was significantly shorter than the estimated distance between the pleura and hook wire using the conventional route (mean 16.3 vs. 40.9 mm; P = 0.0002). Grade 1 adverse events occurred (11 pneumothoraxes and 4 pulmonary hemorrhages). No grade 2 or higher adverse event was observed.ConclusionsThe transfissural route used for preoperative localization before VATS is useful for selected patients because this route may allow for more limited lung parenchyma resection.« less

  4. Light exaggerates apical hook curvature through phytochrome actions in tomato seedlings.

    PubMed

    Shichijo, Chizuko; Ohuchi, Hisako; Iwata, Naoko; Nagatoshi, Yukari; Takahashi, Miki; Nakatani, Eri; Inoue, Kentaroh; Tsurumi, Seiji; Tanaka, Osamu; Hashimoto, Tohru

    2010-02-01

    Contrary to the established notion that the apical hook of dark-grown dicotyledonous seedlings opens in response to light, we found in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) that the apical hook curvature is exaggerated by light. Experiments with several tomato cultivars and phytochrome mutants, irradiated with red and far-red light either as a brief pulse (Rp, FRp) or continuously (Rc, FRc), revealed: the hook-exaggeration response is maximal at the emergence of the hypocotyl from the seed; the effect of Rp is FRp-reversible; fluence-response curves to a single Rp or FRp show an involvement of low and very low fluence responses (LFR, VLFR); the effect of Rc is fluence-rate dependent, but that of FRc is not; the phyA mutant (phyA hp-1) failed to respond to an Rp of less than 10(-2) micromol m(-2) and to an FRp of all fluences tested as well as to FRc, thus indicating that the hook-exaggeration response involves phyA-mediated VLFR. The Rp fluence-response curve with the same mutant also confirmed the presence of an LFR mediated by phytochrome(s) other than phyA, although the phyB1 mutant (phyB1 hp-1) still showed full response probably due to other redundant phytochrome species (e.g., phyB2). Simulation experiments led to the possible significance of hook exaggeration in the field that the photoresponse may facilitate the release of seed coat when seeds germinate at some range of depth in soil. It was also observed that seed coat and/or endosperm are essential to the hook exaggeration.

  5. Rhadinorhynchus oligospinosus n. sp. (Acanthocephala, Rhadinorhynchidae) from mackerels in the Pacific Ocean off Peru and related rhadinorhynchids in the Pacific, with notes on metal analysis.

    PubMed

    Amin, Omar M; Heckmann, Richard A

    2017-01-01

    Specimens of a new species of Rhadinorhynchus Lühe, 1911 are described from the chub mackerel Scomber japonicus (Scombridae) and the Chilean Jack mackerel Trachurus murphyi (Carangidae) (possibly a subspecies of Trachurus symmetricus) from the Pacific Ocean off the Peruvian coast at the Port of Chicama, La Libertad. Specimens of Rhadinorhynchus oligospinosus n. sp. are somewhat small having 11-14 rows of alternating proboscis hooks with 20-22 hooks each with posteriormost hooks in a continuous ring. Ventral hooks are robust with prominent roots but dorsal hooks are slender and shorter with discoid roots. Trunk spines are in two zones separated by a non-spiny region. Anterior trunk spines are in 2-3 complete circles but posterior spines are only ventral and lateral, and do not extend posterior to the level of the posterior end of the proboscis receptacle in both sexes. The new species is closest to Rhadinorhynchus seriolae (Yamaguti, 1963) Golvan, 1969 found in Japanese and Australian waters, but not as close to 19 other species found in the same Pacific waters off Australia, Japan, and Vietnam. In R. seriolae, posterior trunk spines extend well past the receptacle in females, among other diagnostic differences. Proboscis hooks of the new species were analyzed for chemical elements using X-ray in conjunction with EDAX (energy-dispersive analysis for X-ray) software; sulfur had a higher concentration at the edge than the middle of cut hooks. © O.M. Amin et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2017.

  6. The relative degree of difficulty of L2 Spanish /d, t/, trill, and tap by L1 English speakers: Auditory and acoustic methods of defining pronunciation accuracy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waltmunson, Jeremy C.

    2005-07-01

    This study has investigated the L2 acquisition of Spanish word-medial /d, t, r, (fish hook)/, word-initial /r/, and onset cluster /(fish hook)/. Two similar experiments were designed to address the relative degree of difficulty of the word-medial contrasts, as well as the effect of word-position on /r/ and /(fish hook)/ accuracy scores. In addition, the effect of vowel height on the production of [r] and the L2 emergence of the svarabhakti vowel in onset cluster /(fish hook)/ were investigated. Participants included 34 Ll English speakers from a range of L2 Spanish levels who were recorded in multiple sessions across a 6-month or 2-month period. The criteria for assessing segment accuracy was based on auditory and acoustic features found in productions by native Spanish speakers. In order to be scored as accurate, the L2 productions had to evidence both the auditory and acoustic features found in native speaker productions. L2 participant scores for each target were normalized in order to account for the variation of features found across native speaker productions. The results showed that word-medial accuracy scores followed two significant rankings (from lowest to highest): /r <= d <= (fish hook) <= t/ and /r <= (fish hook) <= d <= t/; however, when scores for /t/ included a voice onset time criterion, only the ranking /r <= (fish hook) <= d <= t/ was significant. These results suggest that /r/ is most difficult for learners while /t/ is least difficult, although individual variation was found. Regarding /r/, there was a strong effect of word position and vowel height on accuracy scores. For productions of /(fish hook)/, there was a strong effect of syllable position on accuracy scores. Acoustic analyses of taps in onset cluster revealed that only the experienced L2 Spanish participants demonstrated svarabhakti vowel emergence with native-like performance, suggesting that its emergence occurs relatively late in L2 acquisition.

  7. Acanthocephalus amini n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from the freshwater fish Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Günther) (Cichlidae) in Mexico.

    PubMed

    Salgado-Maldonado, Guillermo; Novelo-Turcotte, María Teresa

    2009-07-01

    Acanthocephalus amini n. sp. (Palaeacanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) is described from the intestine of Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Günther) (Pisces: Cichlidae) collected in the Río Champotón, a river in Campeche State, Mexico. It is the fourth species of Acanthocephalus Koelreuther, 1771 described from North American freshwater fishes, although two other species are known from South America. The new species is distinguished from other members of Acanthocephalus by features of its trunk, which is small, clavate, slightly expanded medially and bluntly pointed posteriorly. It is further distinguished by having a cylindrical proboscis armed with 13-14 longitudinal rows of 11-12 stout hooks; the apical and medial proboscis hooks are almost uniform in size and shape, decreasing in size towards the base; the posteriormost hooks are smaller, straighter and more slender than the anterior and middle hooks; and the lateral rows of hooks are more widely spaced, forming a conspicuous longitudinal area devoid of hooks. Furthermore, the lemnisci are saccate and shorter than the proboscis receptacle; and the neck is very short with a thick collar of trunk tegument, which encircles the base of proboscis. In males, the testes are in the middle third of trunk, diagonal, spherical and small relative to the body size, and there are six clavate cement glands. In females, the uterus forms a conspicuous, elongate, cylindrical egg reservoir. The new species is most similar to A. alabamensis Amin & Williams, 1983, but can be distinguished by its swollen, clavate trunk, the largest proboscis hooks being present apically and medially, smaller testes, a shorter male reproductive system relative to body size and females with a prominent uterus. They have different hosts and geographical distribution. The new species can be differentiated from Brasacanthus sphoeroides Thatcher, 2001, a similar species in a monotypic echinorhynchid genus, because the latter is larger, has smaller proboscis hooks and its lemnisci are longer than the receptacle.

  8. Single-port thoracoscopic sympathicotomy using a double-lumen electrocautery tube and cautery hook for primary palmar hyperhidrosis: a randomized controlled trial.

    PubMed

    Jin, Cheng-Hua; Liu, Kai; Yu, Kai-Zhong; Tian, Hui; Mao, Zheng-Chun; Shen, Wei-Yu

    2014-08-01

    The objective of this study is to assess the use of a novel, double-lumen electrocautery tube (DLET) device for ablating the sympathetic nerve chain in patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis (PPH). Forty-six patients with severe PPH were recruited into the study between November 2010 and February 2012. All patients underwent single port, bilateral video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathicotomy. Twenty-four patients were randomized to receive sympathicotomy using a conventional 5-mm electrocautery hook (hook group) and 22 patients were randomized to the DLET group. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 8.1 months (range: 1 to 15 months). After surgery the hands of all patients became dry and warm. Mean incision size was 10.6 ± 1.0 in the hook group and 6.5 ± 0.5 mm in the DLET group (p = 0.001). The mean pain score was 1.4 ± 0.6 with hook surgery and 0.9 ± 0.6 with the DLET device (p = 0.016). The mean operative time was longer in the hook group (36.8 ± 3.4 min) than in the DLET group (30.5 ± 3.9 min; p = 0.001). There were no significant differences between the two procedures in terms of hospital stay and compensatory sweating, or patient satisfaction. Pneumothorax occurred in two (8.3%) patients in the hook group and in one (4.5%) patient in the DLET group. None of the patients required chest drainage and none developed Horner syndrome. Single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathicotomy using hook or DLET procedures is effective, safe, and minimally invasive method for palmar hyperhidrosis. The DLET device allows a shorter operation time, smaller incision, better cosmetic results, less pain, and better clarity of video, making it suitable for single-port thoracoscopic sympathicotomy. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

  9. Kinematics of Hooke universal joint robot wrists

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mckinney, William S., Jr.

    1988-01-01

    The singularity problem associated with wrist mechanisms commonly found on industrial manipulators can be alleviated by redesigning the wrist so that it functions as a three-axis gimbal system. This paper discussess the kinematics of gimbal robot wrists made of one and two Hooke universal joints. Derivations of the resolved rate motion control equations for the single and double Hooke universal joint wrists are presented using the three-axis gimbal system as a theoretical wrist model.

  10. 77 FR 8176 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Reallocation of Pacific Cod in the Bering...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-14

    ... gear to catcher vessels less than 60 feet (18.3 meters) length overall using hook-and-line or pot gear... apportionment to catcher vessels less than 60 feet (18.3 meters(m)) length overall (LOA) using hook-and-line or... and 6,445 mt to catcher vessels less than 60 feet (18.3 m) LOA using hook-and-line or pot gear...

  11. 76 FR 54137 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Reallocation of Pacific Cod in the Bering...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-31

    ... using trawl gear and catcher vessels greater than or equal to 60 feet (18.3 meters (m)) length overall (LOA) using hook-and-line gear to catcher vessels less than 60 feet (18.3 m) LOA using hook-and-line or... catcher vessels less than 60 feet (18.3 m) LOA using hook-and-line or pot gear. The 2011 Pacific cod total...

  12. 78 FR 69592 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Reallocation of Pacific Cod in the Bering...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-20

    ...) LOA using hook- and-line or pot gear, American Fisheries Act (AFA) catcher/processors (C/P), Amendment 80 (A80) C/Ps, C/P vessels using pot gear, and C/P vessels using hook-and-line gear in the Bering Sea... meters) LOA using hook-and-line or pot gear, AFA C/P vessels, A80 C/P vessels, C/P vessels using pot gear...

  13. Comparative study of fourteen alkaloids from Uncaria rhynchophylla hooks and leaves using HPLC-diode array detection-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/MS method.

    PubMed

    Qu, Jialin; Gong, Tianxing; Ma, Bin; Zhang, Lin; Kano, Yoshihiro; Yuan, Dan

    2012-01-01

    The purpose of the study is to compare alkaloid profile of Uncaria rhynchophylla hooks and leaves. Ten oxindole alkaloids and four glycosidic indole alkaloids were identified using HPLC-diode array detection (DAD) or LC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)-MS method, and a HPLC-UV method for simultaneous quantification of major alkaloids was validated. The hooks are characterized by high levels of four oxindole alkaloids rhynchophylline (R), isorhynchophylline (IR), corynoxeine (C) and isocorynoxeine (IC), while the leaves contained high level of two glycosidic indole alkaloids vincoside lactam (VL) and strictosidine (S). The presented methods have proven its usefulness in chemical characterization of U. rhynchophylla hooks and leaves.

  14. Compact artificial hand

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wiker, G. A.; Mann, W. A. (Inventor)

    1979-01-01

    A relatively simple, compact artificial hand, is described which includes hooks pivotally mounted on first frame to move together and apart. The first frame is rotatably mounted on a second frame to enable "turning at the wrist" movement without limitation. The second frame is pivotally mounted on a third frame to permit 'flexing at the wrist' movement. A hook-driving motor is fixed to the second frame but has a shaft that drives a speed reducer on the first frame which, in turn, drives the hooks. A second motor mounted on the second frame, turns a gear on the first frame to rotate the first frame and the hooks thereon. A third motor mounted on the third frame, turns a gear on a second frame to pivot it.

  15. Microanatomy of the cochlear hook

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kwan, Changyow Claire; Tan, Xiaodong; Stock, Stuart R.; Soriano, Carmen; Xiao, Xianghui; Richter, Claus-Peter

    2017-09-01

    Communication among humans occurs through coding and decoding of acoustic information. The inner ear or cochlea acts as a frequency analyzer and divides the acoustic signal into small frequency bands, which are processed at different sites along the cochlea. The mechano-electrical conversion is accomplished by the soft tissue structures in the cochlea. While the anatomy for most of the cochlea has been well described, a detailed description of the very high frequency and vulnerable cochlear hook region is missing. To study the cochlear hook, mice cochleae were imaged with synchrotron radiation and high-resolution reconstructions have been made from the tomographic scans. This is the first detailed description of the bony and soft tissues of the hook region of the mammalian cochlea.

  16. Newton–Hooke-type symmetry of anisotropic oscillators

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zhang, P.M., E-mail: zhpm@impcas.ac.cn; Horvathy, P.A., E-mail: horvathy@lmpt.univ-tours.fr; Laboratoire de Mathématiques et de Physique Théorique, Université de Tours

    2013-06-15

    Rotation-less Newton–Hooke-type symmetry, found recently in the Hill problem, and instrumental for explaining the center-of-mass decomposition, is generalized to an arbitrary anisotropic oscillator in the plane. Conversely, the latter system is shown, by the orbit method, to be the most general one with such a symmetry. Full Newton–Hooke symmetry is recovered in the isotropic case. Star escape from a galaxy is studied as an application. -- Highlights: ► Rotation-less Newton–Hooke (NH) symmetry is generalized to an arbitrary anisotropic oscillator. ► The orbit method is used to find the most general case for rotation-less NH symmetry. ► The NH symmetry ismore » decomposed into Heisenberg algebras based on chiral decomposition.« less

  17. In vivo analysis of acromioclavicular joint motion after hook plate fixation using three-dimensional computed tomography.

    PubMed

    Kim, Yoon Sang; Yoo, Yon-Sik; Jang, Seong Wook; Nair, Ayyappan Vijayachandran; Jin, Hyonki; Song, Hyun-Seok

    2015-07-01

    The clavicle hook plate can be used to treat acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligament injury or distal clavicular fracture with comminution. However, the hook plate can induce subacromial impingement, resulting in discomfort from the hardware. Our inclusion criteria were (1) men and women aged older than 20 years and (2) the presence of comminuted distal clavicular fractures (Neer type IIB) fixed with a hook plate (Synthes, Oberdorf, Switzerland). Three-dimensional computed tomography was obtained before removal of the hook plate. Seven patients were enrolled prospectively. The mean age was 42 years (range, 24-60 years). Zero degree images and abduction images were obtained. The sagittal cut surface was obtained 5 mm medial from the distal clavicle. The equator of the cut surface of the clavicle was compared with the full abduction model to analyze rotation. The center of the cut surface of the clavicle was compared with the full abduction model to analyze translation. The average difference in rotation of the distal clavicle between both shoulders was 16° (range, 3°-22°; P = .001). The mean difference in anterior translation of the distal clavicle was 2.2 mm (range, -0.7 to 5.6 mm; P = .030). Hook plate fixation at the acromioclavicular joint causes decreased internal rotation and increased anterior translation of the distal clavicle with respect to the medial acromion, indicating that the scapula relative to the thorax has decreased posterior tilting and increased external rotation in shoulders fixed using a hook plate. Copyright © 2015 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. New Caledonian crows attend to multiple functional properties of complex tools

    PubMed Central

    St Clair, James J. H.; Rutz, Christian

    2013-01-01

    The ability to attend to the functional properties of foraging tools should affect energy-intake rates, fitness components and ultimately the evolutionary dynamics of tool-related behaviour. New Caledonian crows Corvus moneduloides use three distinct tool types for extractive foraging: non-hooked stick tools, hooked stick tools and tools cut from the barbed edges of Pandanus spp. leaves. The latter two types exhibit clear functional polarity, because of (respectively) a single terminal, crow-manufactured hook and natural barbs running along one edge of the leaf strip; in each case, the ‘hooks’ can only aid prey capture if the tool is oriented correctly by the crow during deployment. A previous experimental study of New Caledonian crows found that subjects paid little attention to the barbs of supplied (wide) pandanus tools, resulting in non-functional tool orientation during foraging. This result is puzzling, given the presumed fitness benefits of consistently orienting tools functionally in the wild. We investigated whether the lack of discrimination with respect to (wide) pandanus tool orientation also applies to hooked stick tools. We experimentally provided subjects with naturalistic replica tools in a range of orientations and found that all subjects used these tools correctly, regardless of how they had been presented. In a companion experiment, we explored the extent to which normally co-occurring tool features (terminal hook, curvature of the tool shaft and stripped bark at the hooked end) inform tool-orientation decisions, by forcing birds to deploy ‘unnatural’ tools, which exhibited these traits at opposite ends. Our subjects attended to at least two of the three tool features, although, as expected, the location of the hook was of paramount importance. We discuss these results in the context of earlier research and propose avenues for future work. PMID:24101625

  19. Five new species of Pedibothrium (Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) from the tawny nurse shark, Nebrius ferrugineus, in the Pacific Ocean.

    PubMed

    Caira, J N; Tracy, Randall; Euzet, L

    2004-04-01

    The spiral intestines of 7 Tawny nurse sharks (Nebrius ferrugineus; Rhincodontidae) from Australia and French Polynesia were examined for tapeworms. These sharks hosted 5 new species of Pedibothrium. The 5 species were prepared for light and scanning electron microscopy. Whereas 3 of the species exhibit the bipronged hooks typical of members of Pedibothrium, 1 species was found to possess tiny unipronged hooks or to lack some, or all, hooks, and all individuals of the fifth species appeared to lack bothridial hooks entirely. Nonetheless, the otherwise remarkable similarities between these species and the species of Pedibothrium bearing bipronged hooks were considered to be sufficient to justify the placement of these 2 species in this genus. All 5 species possess proglottid features typical of Pedibothrium, including a uterus that extends anteriorly only to the level of the cirrus sac and a cirrus sac that is bent anteriorly and is crossed by the vagina. All 5 species also exhibit uniloculated bothridia. Of particular note was the fact that all 5 species exhibit bladelike spinitrichs with elongated distal tips, a form of microthrix currently known only from species of Pedibothrium. As a consequence, these species were treated as possessing modified hooks or as having lost hooks. The diagnoses of Pedibothrium and Onchobothriidae were emended to include these species. Each of the 5 new species bears a strong resemblance to 1 or more species of Pedibothrium hosted by a species of rhincodontid shark other than N. ferrugineus. Much of Southwell's type and voucher material of Pedibothrium was located and used to verify the identity of Pedibothrium kerkhami and many of the hosts from which Southwell's material of Pedibothrium was collected. This material suggests that P. kerkhami parasitizes Stegostoma fasciatum and not N. ferrugineus.

  20. Comparison of the intrusion effects on the maxillary incisors between implant anchorage and J-hook headgear.

    PubMed

    Deguchi, Toru; Murakami, Takashi; Kuroda, Shingo; Yabuuchi, Toshinori; Kamioka, Hiroshi; Takano-Yamamoto, Teruko

    2008-05-01

    Recently, miniscrews have been used to provide anchorage during orthodontic treatment, especially for incisor intrusion. Miniscrews during incisor intrusion are commonly used in implant orthodontics. Traditionally, effective incisor intrusion has been accomplished with J-hook headgear. In this study, we compared the effect of incisor intrusion, force vector, and amount of root resorption between implant orthodontics and J-hook headgear. Lateral cephalometric radiographs from 8 patients in the implant group and 10 patients in the J-hook headgear group were analyzed for incisor retraction. The estimated force vector was analyzed in the horizontal and vertical directions in both groups. Root resorption was also measured on periapical radiographs. In the implant group, significant reductions in overjet, overbite, maxillary incisor to palatal plane, and maxillary incisor to upper lip were observed after intrusion of the incisors. In the J-hook headgear group, significant reductions in overjet, overbite, maxillary incisor to upper lip, and maxillary incisor to SN plane were observed after intrusion of the incisors. There were significantly greater reductions in overbite, maxillary incisor to palatal plane, and maxillary incisor to upper lip in the implant group than in the J-hook headgear group. Estimated force analysis resulted in significantly more force in the vertical direction and less in the horizontal direction in the implant group. Furthermore, significantly less root resorption was observed in the implant group compared with the J-hook headgear group. The maxillary incisors were effectively intruded by using miniscrews as orthodontic anchorage without patient cooperation. The amount of root resorption was not affected by activating the ligature wire from the miniscrew during incisor intrusion.

  1. The HOOK region of voltage-gated Ca2+ channel β subunits senses and transmits PIP2 signals to the gate.

    PubMed

    Park, Cheon-Gyu; Park, Yongsoo; Suh, Byung-Chang

    2017-02-01

    The β subunit of voltage-gated Ca 2+ (Ca V ) channels plays an important role in regulating gating of the α1 pore-forming subunit and its regulation by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2 ). Subcellular localization of the Ca V β subunit is critical for this effect; N-terminal-dependent membrane targeting of the β subunit slows inactivation and decreases PIP 2 sensitivity. Here, we provide evidence that the HOOK region of the β subunit plays an important role in the regulation of Ca V biophysics. Based on amino acid composition, we broadly divide the HOOK region into three domains: S (polyserine), A (polyacidic), and B (polybasic). We show that a β subunit containing only its A domain in the HOOK region increases inactivation kinetics and channel inhibition by PIP 2 depletion, whereas a β subunit with only a B domain decreases these responses. When both the A and B domains are deleted, or when the entire HOOK region is deleted, the responses are elevated. Using a peptide-to-liposome binding assay and confocal microscopy, we find that the B domain of the HOOK region directly interacts with anionic phospholipids via polybasic and two hydrophobic Phe residues. The β2c-short subunit, which lacks an A domain and contains fewer basic amino acids and no Phe residues in the B domain, neither associates with phospholipids nor affects channel gating dynamically. Together, our data suggest that the flexible HOOK region of the β subunit acts as an important regulator of Ca V channel gating via dynamic electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction with the plasma membrane. © 2017 Park et al.

  2. Performance Outcomes After Hook of Hamate Fractures in Major League Baseball Players.

    PubMed

    Guss, Michael S; Begly, John P; Ramme, Austin J; Taormina, David P; Rettig, Michael E; Capo, John T

    2017-07-17

    Major League Baseball (MLB) players are at risk of hook of hamate fractures. There is a paucity of data assessing the effect of a hook of hamate fracture on MLB players' future athletic performance. To determine if MLB players who sustain hook of hamate fractures demonstrate decreased performance upon return to competition when compared with their performance before injury and that of their control-matched peers. Retrospective Case-Control Design. Retrospective Database Study. 18 MLB players who sustained hook of hamate fractures. Data for 18 MLB players with hook of hamate fractures incurred over 26 seasons (1989 to 2014) were obtained from injury reports, press releases, and player profiles ( www.mlb.com and www.baseballreference.com ). Player age, position, number of years in the league, mechanism of injury and treatment were recorded. Individual season statistics for the two seasons immediately prior to injury and the two seasons after injury for the main performance variable - wins above replacement (WAR) were obtained. Eighteen controls matched by player position, age, and performance statistics were identified. A performance comparison of the cohorts was performed. Post-injury performance compared to pre-injury performance and matched-controls. Mean age at the time of injury was 25.1 years with a mean of 4.4 seasons of MLB experience prior to injury. All injuries were sustained to their nondominant batting hand. All players underwent operative intervention. There was no significant change in WAR or ISO when pre-injury and post-injury performance was compared. When compared with matched-controls, no significant decline in performance in WAR the first season and second season after injury was found. MLB players sustaining hook of hamate fractures can reasonably expect to return to their pre-injury performance levels following operative treatment.

  3. Neoandracantha peruensis n. gen. n. sp. (Acanthocephala, Polymorphidae) described from cystacanths infecting the ghost crab Ocypode gaudichaudii on the Peruvian coast

    PubMed Central

    2017-01-01

    The cystacanths of Neoandracantha peruensis n. gen. n. sp. are described from the ghost crab Ocypode gaudichaudii collected from the Pacific coast of Peru. While it is uncommon to describe acanthocephalan taxa from immature stages, the presence of clear-cut distinguishing features separating the present material from its nearest congeneric taxa, and the absence of adults, justifies the erection N. peruensis. The new genus is distinguished by having three separate fields of trunk spines. Specimens of N. peruensis have a slender trunk with two anterior swellings, 3 separate fields of spines on the foretrunk swelling, and no genital spines on the hindtrunk. The proboscis of the new species is heavily armored with 21–22 longitudinal rows of 22 hooks each. Hook no. 14 is more robust ventrally than dorsally. Cystacanths of N. peruensis also have a long tubular hindtrunk and the males have diagonal testes in the midtrunk swelling. Specimens of the closely related Andracantha Schmidt, 1975 have anteriorly enlarged pear-shaped Corynosoma-like trunks, only two fields of anterior trunk spines with occasional genital spines, and bilateral or tandem testes. Proboscides of species of Andracantha have considerably fewer hooks that gradually decrease in size posteriorly. The taxonomic component of this work is amplified by metal analysis of hooks and spines that shows a marked amount of magnesium (Mg) in hooks but not in spines. The highest level of sulfur (S) was found in the outer layer of hooks and anterior spines. The metal footprint of hooks and spines varies in different species of acanthocephalans and has an interspecific diagnostic value. PMID:29072573

  4. [Little animals observed by Antony van Leeuwenhoek].

    PubMed

    Amako, Kazunobu

    2014-01-01

    Antony van Leeuwenhoek is the discoverer of bacteria and other microorganisms. However, his name is currently not as well-known as those of Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch or Shibasaburo Kitasato. Why not? To answer this question I read a book published in 1932 by Clifford Dobell, an English protozoologist, and found some answers. First, Leeuwenhoek was not a professional scientist in any university or scientific institute, but merely an average citizen in Delft, Holland, working as a merchant in his own shop, and later he also served as an office-holder in Delft city hall. Second, he made and invented his own microscopes but never made his work on microscopes and observation techniques widely known to the public. Accordingly, after his death, his excellent techniques for observing microorganisms were not handed down to the next generation and eventually became forgotten by the scientific community. Although he did not write any scientific paper, he did write about his observations in many letters addressed to the Royal Society of London. Dr. Dobell had translated most of them into English and included them in his book. I picked up and translated several of these letters into Japanese and have included them in this review to show how he described his observations and also what he thought about the presence of such small animals invisible to the naked eye. By reading this review I hope you will come to understand the efforts and abilities of a citizen in Delft about 340 years ago.

  5. Photocopy of plan (in collection of U.S. Coast Guard Civil ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    Photocopy of plan (in collection of U.S. Coast Guard Civil Engineering Unit Providence, Warwick, RI), U.S. Coast Guard Civil Engineering, third district, Sandy Hook L/B Station, Sandy Hook N.J., buoy hoist installation and bldg alterations, January 3, 1952 Details of 4 ton hoist and building, wharf B - U.S. Coast Guard Sandy Hook Station, Western Docking Structure, West of intersection of Canfield Road & Hartshorne Drive, Highlands, Monmouth County, NJ

  6. Photocopy of plan (in U.S. Army office of Army Engineers ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    Photocopy of plan (in U.S. Army office of Army Engineers plans and drawings, Fort Hancock and Sandy hook proving ground, record group 7, drawer 44, Cartographic and Architectural branc, The National Archives, Washington, DC) , Ordnance Dept. U.S. Army, proposed addition to dock at Sandy Hook, 1918 Ordnance wharf and boathouse - U.S. Coast Guard Sandy Hook Station, Western Docking Structure, West of intersection of Canfield Road & Hartshorne Drive, Highlands, Monmouth County, NJ

  7. 50 CFR 679.20 - General limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... season (1) Trawl 60% 20% 20% (i) Trawl CV 70% 10% 20% (ii) Trawl CP 50% 30% 20% (2) Hook-and-line CP and...-line CP 48.7 (5) Pot CV ≥60 ft (18.3 m) LOA 8.4 (6) Pot CP 1.5 (7) AFA trawl CP 2.3 (8) Amendment 80...) Trawl CV 74 % 11 % 15 % (ii) Trawl CP 75 % 25 % 0 % (2) Hook-and-line CP, hook-and-line CV ≥60 ft (18.3...

  8. 50 CFR 679.20 - General limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... season (1) Trawl 60% 20% 20% (i) Trawl CV 70% 10% 20% (ii) Trawl CP 50% 30% 20% (2) Hook-and-line CP and...-line CP 48.7 (5) Pot CV ≥60 ft (18.3 m) LOA 8.4 (6) Pot CP 1.5 (7) AFA trawl CP 2.3 (8) Amendment 80...) Trawl CV 74 % 11 % 15 % (ii) Trawl CP 75 % 25 % 0 % (2) Hook-and-line CP, hook-and-line CV ≥60 ft (18.3...

  9. Stainless hooks to bond lower lingual retainer.

    PubMed

    Durgekar, Sujala G; Nagaraj, K

    2011-01-01

    We introduced a simple and economical technique for precise placement of lower lingual retainers. Two stainless steel hooks made of 0.6mm wire are placed interdentally in the embrasure area between canine and lateral incisor bilaterally to lock the retainer wire in the correct position. Etch, rinse and dry the enamel surfaces with the retainer passively in place, then bond the retainer with light-cured adhesive. Hooks are simple to fabricate and eliminate the need for a transfer tray.

  10. The Effects of Biomechanical Factors to Teach Different Hook Punch Techniques in Boxing and Education Strategies

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bingul, Bergun Meric; Bulgun, Cigdem; Tore, Ozlem; Bal, Erdal; Aydin, Mensure

    2018-01-01

    The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of biomechanic factors to teach different hook punches in boxing. Eight light middleweight boxing athletes (mean age ± SD 19.00 ± 2.00 yrs, mean height ± SD 173.88 ± 3.89 cm, mean weight ± SD 64.25 ± 4.66 kg) participated in this study. Athletes performed a trial using three different hook punch…

  11. Structural and genetic analysis of a mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides WS8 deficient in hook length control.

    PubMed Central

    González-Pedrajo, B; Ballado, T; Campos, A; Sockett, R E; Camarena, L; Dreyfus, G

    1997-01-01

    Motility in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides is achieved by the unidirectional rotation of a single subpolar flagellum. In this study, transposon mutagenesis was used to obtain nonmotile flagellar mutants from this bacterium. We report here the isolation and characterization of a mutant that shows a polyhook phenotype. Morphological characterization of the mutant was done by electron microscopy. Polyhooks were obtained by shearing and were used to purify the hook protein monomer (FlgE). The apparent molecular mass of the hook protein was 50 kDa. N-terminal amino acid sequencing and comparisons with the hook proteins of other flagellated bacteria indicated that the Rhodobacter hook protein has consensus sequences common to axial flagellar components. A 25-kb fragment from an R. sphaeroides WS8 cosmid library restored wild-type flagellation and motility to the mutant. Using DNA adjacent to the inserted transposon as a probe, we identified a 4.6-kb SalI restriction fragment that contained the gene responsible for the polyhook phenotype. Nucleotide sequence analysis of this region revealed an open reading frame with a deduced amino acid sequence that was 23.4% identical to that of FliK of Salmonella typhimurium, the polypeptide responsible for hook length control in that enteric bacterium. The relevance of a gene homologous to fliK in the uniflagellated bacterium R. sphaeroides is discussed. PMID:9352903

  12. A double standard for "Hooking Up": How far have we come toward gender equality?

    PubMed

    Allison, Rachel; Risman, Barbara J

    2013-09-01

    While sexual attitudes have liberalized in the past half century, research is mixed as to whether attitudes have become less gendered over time. Recent studies on college students' sexual and romantic relationships suggest that a sexual double standard continues to organize sexuality on many campuses. Data from the Online College Social Life Survey shed light on students' evaluation of casual sex, or "hooking up." In addition to exploring gendered attitudinal patterns, we use gender structure theory to explore how individual characteristics and normative expectations of campus group affiliations shape attitudes. While three quarters of students do not hold different standards for men and women's hooking up, attitudes are more conservative than liberal, with almost half of students losing respect for men and women who hook up "a lot." However, men are more likely to hold a traditional double standard, while women are more likely to espouse egalitarian conservative attitudes. Individual characteristics, including age, religion, race, social class and sexual orientation are frequently related to sexual attitudes, as are number of hook ups, fraternity/sorority affiliation and varsity athletic participation. Published by Elsevier Inc.

  13. Devil's Claw

    MedlinePlus

    ... is an herb. The botanical name, Harpagophytum, means "hook plant" in Greek. This plant gets its name ... appearance of its fruit, which is covered with hooks meant to attach onto animals in order to ...

  14. Physiological response to hooking stress in hatchery and wild rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Wydoski, R.S.; Wedemeyer, G.A.; Nelson, N. C.

    1976-01-01

    This study evaluated the physiological response of rainbow trout to hooking stress after being played under standardized conditions (0–5 min) and estimated the time needed for recovery (to 72 h). Plasma osmolality and chloride measurements were used to evaluate osmoregulatory disturbances and gill ion-exchange function, and plasma glucose was used as an index of the generalized nonspecific physiological stress response. Hooking stress caused more severe blood chemistry differences in hatchery fish than in wild trout. Also, hooking stress imposed a greater stress on larger than on smaller hatchery rainbow trout. Higher water temperatures aggravated the delayed hyperglycemia and hyperchloremia in both hatchery and wild trout but only about 3 days were needed for recovery at 4, 10, or 20 C.

  15. External tissue expansion for difficult wounds using a simple cost effective technique.

    PubMed

    Nandhagopal, Vijayaraghavan; Chittoria, Ravi Kumar; Mohapatra, Devi Prasad; Thiruvoth, Friji Meethale; Sivakumar, Dinesh Kumar; Ashokan, Arjun

    2015-01-01

    To study and discuss role of external tissue expansion and wound closure (ETEWC) technique using hooks and rubber bands. The present study is a retrospective analysis of nine cases of wounds of different aetiology where ETEWC technique was applied using hooks and rubber bands. All the wounds in the study healed completely without split thickness skin graft (SSG) or flap. ETEWC technique using hooks and rubber bands is a cost-effective technique which can be used for wound closure without SSG or flap.

  16. Photocopy of plan (in U.S. Army office of Army Engineers ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    Photocopy of plan (in U.S. Army office of Army Engineers plans and drawings, Fort Hancock and Sandy hook proving ground, record group 7, drawer 44, Cartographic and Architectural branc, The National Archives, Washington, DC) Gillespie, G.L., map of a portion of Sandy Hook, NJ showing condition of beach in vicinity of dynamite gun emplacements, 1894 Engineer's wharf - U.S. Coast Guard Sandy Hook Station, Western Docking Structure, West of intersection of Canfield Road & Hartshorne Drive, Highlands, Monmouth County, NJ

  17. Photocopy of plan (in U.S. Army office of Army Engineers ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    Photocopy of plan (in U.S. Army office of Army Engineers plans and drawings, Fort Hancock and Sandy hook proving ground, record group 7, drawer 44, Cartographic and Architectural branc, The National Archives, Washington, DC) from Talcott, T.M.R., plot of a survey of site, Fort at Sandy Hook, NJ, 1859-1860 Detail of engineer's wharf - U.S. Coast Guard Sandy Hook Station, Western Docking Structure, West of intersection of Canfield Road & Hartshorne Drive, Highlands, Monmouth County, NJ

  18. 50 CFR 679.20 - General limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...% (ii) Trawl CP 50% 30% 20% (2) Hook-and-line CP and hook-and-line CV ≥60 ft (18.3 m) LOA 60% 40% no C...-and-line CV ≥60 ft (18.3 m) LOA 0.2 (4) Hook-and-line CP 48.7 (5) Pot CV ≥60 ft (18.3 m) LOA 8.4 (6) Pot CP 1.5 (7) AFA trawl CP 2.3 (8) Amendment 80 sector 13.4 (9) Trawl CV 22.1 (B) Incidental catch...

  19. 50 CFR 679.20 - General limitations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Type A season B season C season (1) Trawl 60% 20% 20% (i) Trawl CV 70% 10% 20% (ii) Trawl CP 50% 30% 20% (2) Hook-and-line CP and hook-and-line CV ≥60 ft (18.3 m) LOA 60% 40% no C season (3) Jig 40% 20% 40....3 m) LOA 0.2 (4) Hook-and-line CP 48.7 (5) Pot CV ≥60 ft (18.3 m) LOA 8.4 (6) Pot CP 1.5 (7) AFA...

  20. Terrain Traversing Device Having a Wheel with Microhooks

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Parness, Aaron (Inventor); McKenzie, Clifford F. (Inventor)

    2014-01-01

    A terrain traversing device includes an annular rotor element with a plurality of co-planar microspine hooks arranged on the periphery of the annular rotor element. Each microspine hook has an independently flexible suspension configuration that permits the microspine hook to initially engage an irregularity in a terrain surface at a preset initial engagement angle and subsequently engage the irregularity with a continuously varying engagement angle when the annular rotor element is rotated for urging the terrain traversing device to traverse a terrain surface.

  1. 46 CFR 71.25-25 - Hull equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... testing and examination of chains, rings, hooks, shackles, swivels, and blocks; (5) Certification of the testing and examination of wire rope; (6) Certification of the heat treatment of chains, rings, hooks...

  2. 46 CFR 91.25-25 - Hull equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... examination of chains, rings, hooks, shackles, swivels, and blocks; (5) Certification of the testing and examination of wire rope; (6) Certification of the heat-treatment of chains, rings, hooks, shackles, and...

  3. 46 CFR 91.25-25 - Hull equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... examination of chains, rings, hooks, shackles, swivels, and blocks; (5) Certification of the testing and examination of wire rope; (6) Certification of the heat-treatment of chains, rings, hooks, shackles, and...

  4. 46 CFR 91.25-25 - Hull equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... examination of chains, rings, hooks, shackles, swivels, and blocks; (5) Certification of the testing and examination of wire rope; (6) Certification of the heat-treatment of chains, rings, hooks, shackles, and...

  5. 46 CFR 71.25-25 - Hull equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... testing and examination of chains, rings, hooks, shackles, swivels, and blocks; (5) Certification of the testing and examination of wire rope; (6) Certification of the heat treatment of chains, rings, hooks...

  6. 46 CFR 71.25-25 - Hull equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... testing and examination of chains, rings, hooks, shackles, swivels, and blocks; (5) Certification of the testing and examination of wire rope; (6) Certification of the heat treatment of chains, rings, hooks...

  7. 46 CFR 91.25-25 - Hull equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... examination of chains, rings, hooks, shackles, swivels, and blocks; (5) Certification of the testing and examination of wire rope; (6) Certification of the heat-treatment of chains, rings, hooks, shackles, and...

  8. 46 CFR 71.25-25 - Hull equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... testing and examination of chains, rings, hooks, shackles, swivels, and blocks; (5) Certification of the testing and examination of wire rope; (6) Certification of the heat treatment of chains, rings, hooks...

  9. Hook tool manufacture in New Caledonian crows: behavioural variation and the influence of raw materials.

    PubMed

    Klump, Barbara C; Sugasawa, Shoko; St Clair, James J H; Rutz, Christian

    2015-11-18

    New Caledonian crows use a range of foraging tools, and are the only non-human species known to craft hooks. Based on a small number of observations, their manufacture of hooked stick tools has previously been described as a complex, multi-stage process. Tool behaviour is shaped by genetic predispositions, individual and social learning, and/or ecological influences, but disentangling the relative contributions of these factors remains a major research challenge. The properties of raw materials are an obvious, but largely overlooked, source of variation in tool-manufacture behaviour. We conducted experiments with wild-caught New Caledonian crows, to assess variation in their hooked stick tool making, and to investigate how raw-material properties affect the manufacture process. In Experiment 1, we showed that New Caledonian crows' manufacture of hooked stick tools can be much more variable than previously thought (85 tools by 18 subjects), and can involve two newly-discovered behaviours: 'pulling' for detaching stems and bending of the tool shaft. Crows' tool manufactures varied significantly: in the number of different action types employed; in the time spent processing the hook and bending the tool shaft; and in the structure of processing sequences. In Experiment 2, we examined the interaction of crows with raw materials of different properties, using a novel paradigm that enabled us to determine subjects' rank-ordered preferences (42 tools by 7 subjects). Plant properties influenced: the order in which crows selected stems; whether a hooked tool was manufactured; the time required to release a basic tool; and, possibly, the release technique, the number of behavioural actions, and aspects of processing behaviour. Results from Experiment 2 suggested that at least part of the natural behavioural variation observed in Experiment 1 is due to the effect of raw-material properties. Our discovery of novel manufacture behaviours indicates a plausible scenario for the evolutionary origins, and gradual refinement, of New Caledonian crows' hooked stick tool making. Furthermore, our experimental demonstration of a link between raw-material properties and aspects of tool manufacture provides an alternative hypothesis for explaining regional differences in tool behaviours observed in New Caledonian crows, and some primate species.

  10. Jurassic onychites (arm hooks) from squid-like cephalopods from the Wessex Basin, southern England

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hart, Malcolm; Hughes, Zoe; Page, Kevin; Price, Gregory; Smart, Christopher

    2017-04-01

    Modern coleoid (squid-like) cephalopods have arms that carry arrays of both suckers and hardened, organic hooks. Fossil arm hooks have been known since the description of Sternberg in 1823, although he identified them as algal remains. During the twentieth century there have been a number of descriptions of hooks (Kulicki & Szaniawski, 1972; Clarke & Engeser, 1988). Kulicki & Szaniawski (1972) gave these 'morphotypes' names using a binomial classification though, with many lacking defined (and figured) holotypes and, in some cases, only one recorded specimen, some of their designations should be regarded as invalid. Some of their morphotypes have, however, been reported widely, from DSDP sites on the Falkland Plateau as well as New Zealand, Germany, Svalbard, Poland and the United Kingdom. Exceptional soft-bodied preservation of species such as Belemnotheutis antiquus (Pearce, 1847) from the Callovian-Oxfordian of Wiltshire (UK) and Clarkeiteuthis montefiore (Buckman, 1880) from the Sinemurian of Dorset (UK) has allowed the identification of the host animal of some morphotypes, though the majority remain un-attributable. In the Christian Malford lagerstätte (Upper Callovian) of Wiltshire large numbers of hooks (including forms described as Acanthuncus, Arites, Deinuncus, Falcuncus, Longuncus and Paraglycerites) are found associated with an abundance of statoliths (cephalopod 'ear bones') and macrofossil evidence of both belemnites and teuthids, some of which includes exceptional soft-bodied preservation (Wilby et al., 2004; Hart et al., 2016). Many of the hook types cannot, at present be assigned to known taxa of coleoid. In Belemnotheutis antiquus there appears to be one form of simple, slightly curved hook and their shape appears to remain constant throughout the Callovian -Kimmeridgian interval. In the Lias Group, hooks of Clarkeiteuthis are very different, with inflated, often bi-lobate bases and each arm often characterised by the presence of different shapes of hook that are often arranged in pairs. Using the abundance of material available to us from the Wessex Basin, we are attempting to identify the host animals wherever this is possible. If this can be established then it may be possible, using micropalaeontological samples, to determine the stratigraphical and palaeoecological ranges of some of the host macro-fossils, many of which are otherwise rarely preserved outside known lagerstätte. A recently described specimen (Bristol Museum and Art Gallery, BRMSG Ce12385) of only the hooks associated with 4 arms can, therefore, be attributed to the Clarkeiteuthis lineage. Coming from the Lower Pliensbachian of the Dorset Coast this occurrence falls in the stratigraphical 'gap' between the known taxa of the Sinemurian (Clarkeiteuthis montefiore) and the Toarcian (Clarkeiteuthis conocauda). This specimen does, however, show paired hooks of different types, similar to another specimen in Manchester University Museum: this is not seen in C. conocauda and places the specimen in C. montefiore or a yet undescribed species of Clarkeiteuthis. Engeser, T.S. & Clarke, M.R. 1988. Cephalopod hooks, both recent and fossil. In: Clarke, M.R. & Trueman, E.R. (eds), Palaeontology and Neontology of Cephalopods, vol. 12,; Wilbur, K.M. (Ed.), The Mollusca, Academic press Inc., London, 133-151. Hart, M.B. & Hutchinson, D. in press. A newly described 'clarkeiteuthid' from the Lias Group of Dorset. Geoscience in South-West England. Hart, M.B., De Jonghe, A., Page, K.N., Price, G.D. & Smart, C.W. 2016. Exceptional accumulations of statoliths in association with the Christian Malford lagerstätte (Callovian, Jurassic) in Wiltshire, United Kingdom. Palaios, 31, 203-220. Kulicki, C. & Szaniawski, H. 1972. Cephalopod arm hooks from the Jurassic of Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 17, 379-419. Wilby, P.R., Hudson, J.D., Clements, R.G. & Hollingworth, N.T.J. 2004. Taphonomy and origin of an accumulate of soft-bodied cephalopods in the Oxford Clay Formation (Jurassic, England). Palaeontology, 47, 1159-1180.

  11. Mitigating the Hook Effect in Lateral Flow Sandwich Immunoassays Using Real-Time Reaction Kinetics.

    PubMed

    Rey, Elizabeth G; O'Dell, Dakota; Mehta, Saurabh; Erickson, David

    2017-05-02

    The quantification of analyte concentrations using lateral flow assays is a low-cost and user-friendly alternative to traditional lab-based assays. However, sandwich-type immunoassays are often limited by the high-dose hook effect, which causes falsely low results when analytes are present at very high concentrations. In this paper, we present a reaction kinetics-based technique that solves this problem, significantly increasing the dynamic range of these devices. With the use of a traditional sandwich lateral flow immunoassay, a portable imaging device, and a mobile interface, we demonstrate the technique by quantifying C-reactive protein concentrations in human serum over a large portion of the physiological range. The technique could be applied to any hook effect-limited sandwich lateral flow assay and has a high level of accuracy even in the hook effect range.

  12. A chromogranin A ELISA absent of an apparent high-dose hook effect observed in other chromogranin A ELISAs.

    PubMed

    Erickson, J Alan; Grenache, David G

    2016-01-15

    Routine testing for chromogranin A (CgA) using an established commercial ELISA revealed an apparent high-dose hook effect in approximately 15% of specimens. Investigations found the same effect in two additional ELISAs. We hypothesized that a CgA derived peptide(s) at high concentrations was responsible but experiments were inconclusive. Here we describe the analytical performance characteristics of the Chromoa™ CgA ELISA that did not display the apparent high-dose hook effect. Performance characteristics of the Chromoa ELISA were assessed. The reference interval was established utilizing healthy volunteers. Specimens producing the apparent high-dose hook effect in other assays were evaluated using the Chromoa ELISA. The limit of detection was 8ng/ml. Linearity was acceptable (slope=1.04, intercept=18.1 and r(2)=0.997). CVs were ≤4.6 and ≤9.3% for repeatability and within-laboratory imprecision, respectively. CgA was stable at ambient and refrigerated temperatures for a minimum of two and 14days, respectively. An upper reference interval limit of 95ng/ml was established. Specimens demonstrating the apparent high-dose hook effect in other ELISAs did not exhibit the phenomenon using the Chromoa ELISA. The Chromoa ELISA demonstrates acceptable performance for quantifying serum CgA. The apparent high-dose hook effect exhibited in other ELISAs was absent using the Chromoa assay. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  13. A novel mutation R190H in the AT-hook 1 domain of MeCP2 identified in an atypical Rett syndrome.

    PubMed

    Zhou, Xiao; Liao, Yuangao; Xu, Miaojing; Ji, Zhong; Xu, Yunqi; Zhou, Liang; Wei, Xiaoming; Hu, Peiqian; Han, Peng; Yang, Fanghan; Pan, Suyue; Hu, Yafang

    2017-10-10

    Mutations in Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 ( MECP2 ) have been identified as the disease-causing mutations in Rett Syndrome (RTT). However, no mutation in the AT-hook 1 domain of MECP2 has been reported in RTT yet. The function of AT-hook 1 domain of MECP2 has not been described either. The clinical and radiological features of a girl with progressive hyperactivity and loss of acquired linguistic and motor functions were presented. Next generation sequencing was used to screen the causative gene. Effect of the mutant protein on histone 3 methylation was assessed in vitro experiment. The patient was diagnosed with an atypical RTT at the age of nine. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a loss of whole-brain volume and abnormal myelination. Genetic analysis identified a de novo novel missense mutation of MECP2 (NM_004992, c.570G->A, p.Arg190His). This mutation is located in the AT-hook 1 domain of MeCP2 protein. Overexpression of the mutant MeCP2 in cultured neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y revealed increased level of dimethylated histone 3 lysine 9, a transcriptional repressor marker. A novel missense mutation in AT-hook 1 domain of MeCP2 was identified in a patient with atypical RTT. Clinical data and in vitro experiment result imply that R190H mutation in AT-hook1 may cause dysfunction of MeCP2 and be a pathogenic variant.

  14. Buckling Instabilities and Complex Dynamics in a Model of Uniflagellar Bacterial Locomotion

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nguyen, Frank; Graham, Michael

    2015-11-01

    Locomotion of microorganisms at low Reynolds number is a long studied problem. Of particular interest are organisms using a single flagellum to undergo a wide range of motions: pushing, pulling, and tumbling or flicking. Recent experiments have connected the stability of the hook protein, connecting cell motor and flagellum, to deviations from typical straight swimming trajectories. We seek physical explanations to these phenomena by developing a computationally inexpensive, rigid-body dynamic model of a uniflagellated organism with a flexible hook connection that captures the fundamental dynamics, kinematics, and configurations. Furthermore, the model addresses the effects of hook loading and geometry on the stability of the system. Simulations with low hook flexibility produce the classic straight trajectory, but a large flexibility produces helical trajectories, leading to directional changes when coupled with transient hook stiffening. Minima for critical flexibilities are found in certain subsets of parameter space, implying preferred geometries for certain swimming dynamics. The model verifies proposed mechanisms for swimming in various modes and highlights the role of flexibility in the biology of real organisms and the engineering of artificial microswimmers. This work was supported by NSF grant PHY-1304942.

  15. Morphometric characteristics of the metacestode Echinococcus vogeli Rausch & Bernstein, 1972 in human infections from the northern region of Brazil.

    PubMed

    Almeida, F; Oliveira, F; Neves, R; Siqueira, N; Rodrigues-Silva, R; Daipert-Garcia, D; Machado-Silva, J R

    2015-07-01

    Polycystic echinococcosis, caused by the larval stage (metacestode) of the small-sized tapeworm, Echinococcus vogeli, is an emerging parasitic zoonosis of great public health concern in the humid tropical rainforests of South and Central America. Because morphological and morphometric characteristics of the metacestode are not well known, hydatid cysts from the liver and the mesentery were examined from patients following surgical procedures. Whole mounts of protoscoleces with rostellar hooks were examined under light and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Measurements were made of both large and small hooks, including the total area, total length, total width, blade area, blade length, blade width, handle area, handle length and handle width. The results confirmed the 1:1 arrangement of hooks in the rostellar pad and indicated, for the first time, that the morphometry of large and small rostellar hooks varies depending upon the site of infection. Light and confocal microscopy images displayed clusters of calcareous corpuscles in the protoscoleces. In conclusion, morphological features of large and small rostellar hooks of E. vogeli are adapted to a varied environment within the vertebrate host and such morphological changes in calcareous corpuscles occur at different stages in the maturation of metacestodes.

  16. Sandy Hook Traveler Information System

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2010-09-01

    This report focuses on equipment and procedural solutions for gathering and disseminating a wide range of visitor information, including real-time traveler information data relating to traffic and parking at the Sandy Hook Unit of the Gateway Recreat...

  17. STS-35: Mission Highlights Resource Tape

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1995-01-01

    Live footage shows the crewmembers of STS-35, Commander Vance D. Brand, Pilot Guy S. Gardner, Mission Specialists Jeffrey A. Hoffman, John M. Lounge, and Robert A. Parker, and Payload Specialists Samuel T. Durrance, and Ronald A. Parise, participating in the traditional breakfast prior to launch. The crew is seen suiting up, and walking out to the Astro-Van for their 1 a.m. launch. Also shown are some beautiful panoramic shots of the shuttle on the launch pad, main engine start, ignition, liftoff, and various shots of the Launch Control Center (LCC). The crew is also shown during flight performing some routine functions such as operating the trash compactor, eating, and getting into and out of their sleeping quarters. The crew is seen taking part in a conversation with the Secretary of State, and the Foreign Minister of the Soviet Union. Footage also includes the landing of Columbia, its rollout on the runway, and its crew as they depart from the vehicle.

  18. Physics of the Jovian Magnetosphere

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dessler, A. J.

    2002-08-01

    List of tables; Foreword James A. Van Allen; Preface; 1. Jupiter's magnetic field and magnetosphere Mario H. Acuña, Kenneth W. Behannon and J. E. P. Connerney; 2. Ionosphere Darrell F. Strobel and Sushil K. Atreya; 3. The low-energy plasma in the Jovian magnetosphere J. W. Belcher; 4. Low-energy particle population S. M. Krimigis and E. C. Roelof; 5. High-energy particles A. W. Schardt and C. K. Goertz; 6. Spectrophotometric studies of the Io torus Robert A. Brown, Carl B. Pilcher and Darrell F. Strobel; 7. Phenomenology of magnetospheric radio emissions T. D. Carr, M. D. Desch and J. K. Alexander; 8. Plasma waves in the Jovian magnetosphere D. A. Gurnett and F. L. Scarf; 9. Theories of radio emissions and plasma waves Melvyn L. Goldstein and C. K. Goertz; 10. Magnetospheric models T. W. Hill, A. J. Dessler and C. K. Goertz; 11. Plasma distribution and flow Vytenis M. Vasyliunas; 12. Microscopic plasma processes in the Jovian magnetosphere Richard Mansergh Thorne; Appendixes; References; Index.

  19. Plato crater, first observative session: not any "hook" but a shark fin? (Italian Title: La 1° Campagna Osservativa del cratere Plato: non un "uncino" ma una "pinna di squalo"?)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mercatali, A.

    2018-01-01

    On 1st March 2012 an observative session of Moon's Plato crater was made. The purpose of these observations was to check the presence of one shadow with "hook" form at the inner of Plato crater already reported by H. Percy Wilkins, 3th April 21:30 UT, 1952. The results obtained by us have not shown any shadow with an hook form, but a shadow like a shark fin.

  20. Multiple piece turbine blade/vane

    DOEpatents

    Kimmel, Keith D

    2013-02-05

    An air cooled turbine blade or vane of a spar and shell construction with the shell made from a high temperature resistant material that must be formed from an EDM process. The shell and the spar both have a number of hooks extending in a spanwise direction and forming a contact surface that is slanted such that a contact force increases as the engaging hooks move away from one another. The slanted contact surfaces on the hooks provides for an better seal and allows for twisting between the shell and the spar while maintaining a tight fit.

  1. Conservation Hotspots for the Turtles on the High Seas of the Atlantic Ocean

    PubMed Central

    Huang, Hsiang-Wen

    2015-01-01

    Understanding the distribution of bycaught sea turtles could inform conservation strategies and priorities. This research analyses the distribution of turtles caught as longline fisheries bycatch on the high seas of the Atlantic Ocean. This research collected 18,142 bycatch observations and 47.1 million hooks from large-scale Taiwanese longline vessels in the Atlantic Ocean from June 2002 to December 2013. The coverage rates were ranged from 0.48% to 17.54% by year. Seven hundred and sixty-seven turtles were caught, and the major species were leatherback (59.8%), olive ridley (27.1%) and loggerhead turtles (8.7%). Most olive ridley (81.7%) and loggerhead (82.1%) turtles were hooked, while the leatherbacks were both hooked (44.0%) and entangled (31.8%). Depending on the species, 21.4% to 57.7% were dead when brought onboard. Most of the turtles were caught in tropical areas, especially in the Gulf of Guinea (15°N-10°S, 30°W-10°E), but loggerheads were caught in the south Atlantic Ocean (25°S-35°S, 40°W-10°E and 30°S-40°S, 55°W-45°W). The bycatch rate was the highest at 0.030 per 1000 hooks for leatherbacks in the tropical area. The bycatch rates of olive ridley ranged from 0 to 0.010 per thousand hooks. The loggerhead bycatch rates were higher in the northern and southern Atlantic Ocean and ranged from 0.0128 to 0.0239 per thousand hooks. Due to the characteristics of the Taiwanese deep-set longline fleet, bycatch rates were lower than those of coastal longline fisheries, but mortality rates were higher because of the long hours of operation. Gear and bait modification should be considered to reduce sea turtle bycatch and increase survival rates while reducing the use of shallow hooks would also be helpful. PMID:26267796

  2. Six species of Acanthobothrium (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea) in stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Myliobatoidei) from Ecuador.

    PubMed

    Marguee, F; Brooks, D R; Barriga, R

    1997-06-01

    Six species of Acanthobothrium, 4 described as new, are reported in stingrays from southern Ecuador. Acanthobothrium atahualpai n. sp. in Gymnura afuerae most closely resembles Acanthobothrium fogeli and Acanthobothrium parviuncinatum by having bothridial hooks with recurved prongs and short handles. It differs from A. fogeli by having bothridial hooks 163-195 microns vs. 78-114 microns long and averaging 25 vs. 32 testes per pruglottis: it differs from A. parviuncinatum by having bothridial hooks 163-195 microns vs. 87 microns long and averaging 25 vs. 13 testes per proglottis. Acanthobothrium minusculus n. sp. in Urolophus tumbesensis most resembles Acanthobothrium campbelli and Acanthobothrium vargasi by being no more than 3 mm long and having 6-30 testes per proglottis. It can be distinguished from them by having bothridial hooks averaging 86 microns vs. 108-111 microns and 130-133 microns long, and 6-10 vs. 15-23 and 22-29 testes per proglottis, respectively. Acanthobothrium monksi n. sp. in Aetobatus narinari resembles Acanthobothrium tasajerasi from Himantura schmardae by having a prominent genital atrium and a large globose cirrus sac; it differs by averaging 21 vs. 35 testes per proglottis and having bothridial hooks averaging 150 microns vs. 165 microns long. Acanthobothrium obuncus n. sp. in Dasyatis longus resembles a group of species characterized by wider than long to square immature and mature proglottides, bothridia at least partially fused to the scolex at their posterior ends, and asymmetrical ovarian arms with aporal arms extending anteriorly to the vaginal level. It resembles Acanthobothrium americanum by averaging 73 vs. 72 testes per proglottis, but differs by having bothridial hooks averaging 120-131 microns vs. 151 microns long; it resembles Acanthobothrium chilensis by having bothridial hooks averaging 120-131 microns vs. 130 microns long, but differs by averaging 73 vs. 90 testes per proglottis. Acanthobothrium campbelli in Urotrygon chilensis and Acanthobothrium costarricense in Dasyatis longus, previously known in those hosts from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, are reported from Ecuador for the first time.

  3. Conservation hotspots for the turtles on the high seas of the Atlantic Ocean.

    PubMed

    Huang, Hsiang-Wen

    2015-01-01

    Understanding the distribution of bycaught sea turtles could inform conservation strategies and priorities. This research analyses the distribution of turtles caught as longline fisheries bycatch on the high seas of the Atlantic Ocean. This research collected 18,142 bycatch observations and 47.1 million hooks from large-scale Taiwanese longline vessels in the Atlantic Ocean from June 2002 to December 2013. The coverage rates were ranged from 0.48% to 17.54% by year. Seven hundred and sixty-seven turtles were caught, and the major species were leatherback (59.8%), olive ridley (27.1%) and loggerhead turtles (8.7%). Most olive ridley (81.7%) and loggerhead (82.1%) turtles were hooked, while the leatherbacks were both hooked (44.0%) and entangled (31.8%). Depending on the species, 21.4% to 57.7% were dead when brought onboard. Most of the turtles were caught in tropical areas, especially in the Gulf of Guinea (15°N-10°S, 30°W-10°E), but loggerheads were caught in the south Atlantic Ocean (25°S-35°S, 40°W-10°E and 30°S-40°S, 55°W-45°W). The bycatch rate was the highest at 0.030 per 1000 hooks for leatherbacks in the tropical area. The bycatch rates of olive ridley ranged from 0 to 0.010 per thousand hooks. The loggerhead bycatch rates were higher in the northern and southern Atlantic Ocean and ranged from 0.0128 to 0.0239 per thousand hooks. Due to the characteristics of the Taiwanese deep-set longline fleet, bycatch rates were lower than those of coastal longline fisheries, but mortality rates were higher because of the long hours of operation. Gear and bait modification should be considered to reduce sea turtle bycatch and increase survival rates while reducing the use of shallow hooks would also be helpful.

  4. Modeling of traction-coupling properties of wheel propulsor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sakhapov, R. L.; Nikolaeva, R. V.; Gatiyatullin, M. H.; Makhmutov, M. M.

    2017-12-01

    In conditions of operation of aggregates on soils with low bearing capacity, the main performance indicators of their operation are determined by the properties of retaining the functional qualities of the propulsor. Therefore, the parameters of the anti-skid device can not be calculated by only one criterion. The equipment of propellers with anti-skid devices, which allow to reduce the compaction effect of the propulsion device on the soil, seems to be a rational solution to the problem of increasing traction and coupling properties of the driving wheels. The mathematical model is based on the study of the interaction of the driving wheel with anti-skid devices and a deformable bearing surface, which takes into account the wheel diameter, skid coefficient, the parameters of the anti-skid device, the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. As a basic mathematical model that determines the dependence of the coupling properties on the wheel parameters, the model obtained as a result of integration and reflecting the process of soil deformation from the shear stress is adopted. The total value of the resistance forces will determine the force of the hitch pressure on the horizontal soil layers, and the value of its deformation is the degree of wheel slippage. When the anti-skid devices interact with the soil, the traction capacity of the wheel is composed of shear forces, soil shear and soil deformation forces with detachable hooks. As a result of the interaction of the hook with the soil, the latter presses against the walls of the hook with the force equal to the sum of the hook load and the resistance to movement. During operation, the linear dimensions of the hook will decrease, which is not taken into account by the safety factor. Abrasive wear of the thickness of the hook is approximately proportional to the work of friction caused by the movement of the hook when inserted into the soil and slipping the wheel.

  5. Cooperative binding mitigates the high-dose hook effect.

    PubMed

    Roy, Ranjita Dutta; Rosenmund, Christian; Stefan, Melanie I

    2017-08-14

    The high-dose hook effect (also called prozone effect) refers to the observation that if a multivalent protein acts as a linker between two parts of a protein complex, then increasing the amount of linker protein in the mixture does not always increase the amount of fully formed complex. On the contrary, at a high enough concentration range the amount of fully formed complex actually decreases. It has been observed that allosterically regulated proteins seem less susceptible to this effect. The aim of this study was two-fold: First, to investigate the mathematical basis of how allostery mitigates the prozone effect. And second, to explore the consequences of allostery and the high-dose hook effect using the example of calmodulin, a calcium-sensing protein that regulates the switch between long-term potentiation and long-term depression in neurons. We use a combinatorial model of a "perfect linker protein" (with infinite binding affinity) to mathematically describe the hook effect and its behaviour under allosteric conditions. We show that allosteric regulation does indeed mitigate the high-dose hook effect. We then turn to calmodulin as a real-life example of an allosteric protein. Using kinetic simulations, we show that calmodulin is indeed subject to a hook effect. We also show that this effect is stronger in the presence of the allosteric activator Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), because it reduces the overall cooperativity of the calcium-calmodulin system. It follows that, surprisingly, there are conditions where increased amounts of allosteric activator actually decrease the activity of a protein. We show that cooperative binding can indeed act as a protective mechanism against the hook effect. This will have implications in vivo where the extent of cooperativity of a protein can be modulated, for instance, by allosteric activators or inhibitors. This can result in counterintuitive effects of decreased activity with increased concentrations of both the allosteric protein itself and its allosteric activators.

  6. [Finite element analysis of mechanical characteristics during retracting mandibular incisors through sliding mechanics].

    PubMed

    Gu, Yong-Jia; Wu, Yan-Ping; Gao, Mei-Qin; Yao, Ning; Chen, Wen-Jing

    2008-10-01

    To analyze the mechanical characteristic changes of teeth and arch under different loading direction during retracting mandibular incisors through implant, simulating clinical loading system. Three- dimensional finite element model, including brackets, archwire, crampable hooks and implants, was reconstructed. The force direction was determined by connecting the points in crampable hook and the center point of implant, and the force point and force direction were changed with the adjustment of the height of crampable hook and the height of implant. Then three-dimensional movement trend of teeth, stress distribution in periodontal membrane and the largest displacement of archwire nodes in each group were calculated and analyzed. SPSS13.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. It was found that the height of implant and the height of crampable hook were correlated with the movement of teeth and stress distribution in periodontal membrane (P<0.01). The movement trend of teeth in the condition of different height of implant and different height of crampable hook was illustrated as follows:(1)with the height increase of crampable hook, the movement trend of the central and lateral incisors varied from mesial lingual tipping to mesial labial tipping. However, canines tipped distally and lingually; the second premolars tipped mesially and lingually, and the first molar roots tipped distally and buccally with decreasing tipping angle. (2) The largest stress distribution in the whole arch was located in the labial apical one-third area of the lateral incisors, while that of canines and the first molars was located in the alveolar ridges and root bifurcations. These findings indicate that the different movement trend during retracting anterior teeth can be achieved through the adjustment of the height of crampable hook, and implant, anchorage can effectively control anterior movement of the posterior teeth. Supported by Research Fund of Bureau of Science and Technology of Nantong City (Grant No. S40023).

  7. Clinical efficacies of coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction using suture anchor versus hook plate in the treatment of distal clavicle fracture.

    PubMed

    Yan, H W; Li, L; Wang, R C; Yang, Y; Xie, Y; Tang, J; Shi, Z Y

    2017-12-01

    Comparison of clinical efficacies between coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction using autologous gracilis tendon with suture anchor and clavicular hook plate for the treatment of acute Neer type II distal clavicle fracture. Both coracoclavicular reconstruction with autologous gracilis tendon and clavicular hook plate could achieve satisfactory results for treating acute Neer type II distal clavicle fracture. Acute Neer type II distal clavicle fracture patients enrolled in this prospective randomized study were divided into the coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction group (using autologous gracilis tendon and suture anchor) and the hook plate group. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by shoulder X-ray, forward flexion, abduction and external rotation angle, Constant-Murley shoulder score and pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at each follow-up for up to 24 months. The current study enrolled a total of 42 acute Neer type II distal clavicle fracture patients attended our hospital from March 2010 to December 2013. All patients had achieved complete healing and followed up for an average of 26 months (range, 24-38 months). At 3-month and 6-month follow-ups, Constant-Murley score in the ligament reconstruction group was significantly higher (93.8±2.6 vs. 88.7±8.7; 95.9±2.7 vs. 93.0±7.0, P<0.05), while VAS score was poorer than those in the hook plate group (1.6±0.8 vs. 2.5±1.9; 1.1±1.0 vs. 1.6±1.7, P<0.05). Reconstruction with autologous gracilis tendon improved VAS pain score in early postoperation follow-up; while Constant-Murley score and VAS score were significantly improved in the hook plate group after the implant was removed. These suggested that both coracoclavicular reconstruction with autologous gracilis tendon and clavicular hook plate could achieve satisfactory results. Level II, low-powered prospective randomized trial. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  8. Astronaut James Newman with latch hook for tether device

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1993-01-01

    Astronaut James H. Newman, mission specialist, shows off a latch hook for a tether device used during the STS-51 extravehicular activity (EVA) on September 16, 1993. Newman, on Discovery's middeck, appears surrounded by sleep restraints.

  9. Wronskian solutions of the T-, Q- and Y-systems related to infinite dimensional unitarizable modules of the general linear superalgebra gl (M | N)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tsuboi, Zengo

    2013-05-01

    In [1] (Z. Tsuboi, Nucl. Phys. B 826 (2010) 399, arxiv:arXiv:0906.2039), we proposed Wronskian-like solutions of the T-system for [ M , N ]-hook of the general linear superalgebra gl (M | N). We have generalized these Wronskian-like solutions to the ones for the general T-hook, which is a union of [M1 ,N1 ]-hook and [M2 ,N2 ]-hook (M =M1 +M2, N =N1 +N2). These solutions are related to Weyl-type supercharacter formulas of infinite dimensional unitarizable modules of gl (M | N). Our solutions also include a Wronskian-like solution discussed in [2] (N. Gromov, V. Kazakov, S. Leurent, Z. Tsuboi, JHEP 1101 (2011) 155, arxiv:arXiv:1010.2720) in relation to the AdS5 /CFT4 spectral problem.

  10. Clavicular hook plate for grade-III acromioclavicular dislocation.

    PubMed

    Steinbacher, Gilbert; Sallent, Andrea; Seijas, Roberto; Boffa, Juan Manuel; Espinosa, Wenceslao; Cugat, Ramón

    2014-12-01

    To review the outcomes of clavicular hook plate fixation for grade-III acromioclavicular (AC) dislocation in young athletes. Medical records of 14 male and 5 female athletes aged 18 to 49 (mean, 29) years who underwent fixation with a 3.5-mm-thick, 15-mm-long clavicular hook plate for acute grade-III AC dislocation were reviewed. The visual analogue score for pain and the Constant shoulder score were assessed. The mean follow-up was 4.2 years. The mean visual analogue score for pain was 1.8 (range, 1-3). The Constant shoulder score was excellent (≥ 90) in 14 patients and good (83-89) in 5 patients. All patients achieved range of motion equal to that of the contralateral side at week 5. Sports activities were resumed by month 6 at the latest. The clavicular hook plate for grade- III AC dislocation enables quick return to sports activities and achieves good-to-excellent functional outcome.

  11. Friction stir scribe welding technique for dissimilar joining of aluminium and galvanised steel

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wang, Tianhao; Sidhar, Harpreet; Mishra, Rajiv S.

    Friction stir scribe technology, a derivative of friction stir welding, was applied for the dissimilar lap welding of an aluminum alloy and galvanized mild steel sheets. During the process, the rotating tool with a cobalt steel scribe first penetrated the top material — aluminum — and then the scribe cut the bottom material — steel. The steel was displaced into the upper material to produce a characteristic hook feature. Lap welds were shear tested, and their fracture paths were studied. Welding parameters affected the welding features including hook height, which turned out to be highly related to fracture position. Therefore,more » in this paper, the relationships among welding parameters, hook height, joint strength and fracture position are presented. In addition, influence of zinc coating on joint strength was also studied. Keywords: friction stir scribe technology; dissimilar material welding; zinc coating; hook height; joint strength; fracture position« less

  12. 75 FR 30405 - Change in Bank Control Notices; Acquisition of Shares of Bank or Bank Holding Companies

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-01

    ... Revocable Trust, James E. Ukrop, Trustee; Robert Stephen Ukrop; The Amended and Restated Robert Stephen Ukrop Revocable Trust, Robert Stephen Ukrop, Trustee; Robert Scott Ukrop; The Amendment and Restatement.... Ukrop; The Robert Stephen Ukrop, Revocable Trust, Joseph Ukrop, Jr., Trustee; Jacquelin Ukrop Aronson...

  13. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Iguchi, Toshihiro, E-mail: iguchi@ba2.so-net.ne.jp; Hiraki, Takao, E-mail: takaoh@tc4.so-net.ne.jp; Gobara, Hideo, E-mail: gobara@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp

    PurposeThe aim of the study was to retrospectively evaluate simultaneous multiple hook wire placement outcomes before video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).Materials and MethodsThirty-eight procedures were performed on 35 patients (13 men and 22 women; mean age, 59.9 years) with 80 lung lesions (mean diameter 7.9 mm) who underwent simultaneous multiple hook wire placements for preoperative localizations. The primary endpoints were technical success, complications, procedure duration, and VATS outcome; secondary endpoints included comparisons between technical success rates, complication rates, and procedure durations of the 238 single-placement procedures performed. Complications were also evaluated.ResultsIn 35 procedures including 74 lesions, multiple hook wire placements were technically successful;more » in the remaining three procedures, the second target placement was aborted because of massive pneumothorax after the first placement. Although complications occurred in 34 procedures, no grade 3 or above adverse event was observed. The mean procedure duration was 36.4 ± 11.8 min. Three hook wires dislodged during patient transport to the surgical suite. Seventy-four successfully marked lesions were resected. Six lesions without hook wires were successfully resected after detection by palpation with an additional mini-thoracotomy or using subtle pleural changes as a guide. The complication rates and procedure durations of multiple-placement procedures were significantly higher (P = 0.04) and longer (P < 0.001) than those in the single-placement group, respectively, while the technical success rate was not significantly different (P = 0.051).ConclusionsSimultaneous multiple hook wire placements before VATS were clinically feasible, but increased the complication rate and lengthened the procedure time.« less

  14. Insights into the Functions of M-T Hook Structure in HIV Fusion Inhibitor Using Molecular Modeling.

    PubMed

    Tan, Jianjun; Yuan, Hongling; Li, Chunhua; Zhang, Xiaoyi; Wang, Cunxin

    2016-04-01

    HIV-1 membrane fusion plays an important role in the process that HIV-1 entries host cells. As a treatment strategy targeting HIV-1 entry process, fusion inhibitors have been proposed. Nevertheless, development of a short peptide possessing high anti-HIV potency is considered a daunting challenge. He et al. found that two residues, Met626 and Thr627, located the upstream of the C-terminal heptad repeat of the gp41, formed a unique hook-like structure (M-T hook) that can dramatically improve the binding stability and anti-HIV activity of the inhibitors. In this work, we explored the molecular mechanism why M-T hook structure could improve the anti-HIV activity of inhibitors. Firstly, molecular dynamic simulation was used to obtain information on the time evolution between gp41 and ligands. Secondly, based on the simulations, molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) and molecular mechanics Generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) methods were used to calculate the binding free energies. The binding free energy of the ligand with M-T hook was considerably higher than the other without M-T. Further studies showed that the hydrophobic interactions made the dominant contribution to the binding free energy. The numbers of Hydrogen bonds between gp41 and the ligand with M-T hook structure were more than the other. These findings should provide insights into the inhibition mechanism of the short peptide fusion inhibitors and be useful for the rational design of novel fusion inhibitors in the future. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. Comparison of concentric needle versus hooked-wire electrodes in the canine larynx.

    PubMed

    Jaffe, D M; Solomon, N P; Robinson, R A; Hoffman, H T; Luschei, E S

    1998-05-01

    The use of a specific electrode type in laryngeal electromyography has not been standardized. Laryngeal electromyography is usually performed with hooked-wire electrodes or concentric needle electrodes. Hooked-wire electrodes have the advantage of allowing laryngeal movement with ease and comfort, whereas the concentric needle electrodes have benefits from a technical aspect and may be advanced, withdrawn, or redirected during attempts to appropriately place the electrode. This study examines whether hooked-wire electrodes permit more stable recordings than standard concentric needle electrodes at rest and after large-scale movements of the larynx and surrounding structures. A histologic comparison of tissue injury resulting from placement and removal of the two electrode types is also made by evaluation of the vocal folds. Electrodes were percutaneously placed into the thyroarytenoid muscles of 10 adult canines. Amplitude of electromyographic activity was measured and compared during vagal stimulation before and after large-scale laryngeal movements. Signal consistency over time was examined. Animals were killed and vocal fold injury was graded and compared histologically. Waveform morphology did not consistently differ between electrode types. The variability of electromyographic amplitude was greater for the hooked-wire electrode (p < 0.05), whereas the mean amplitude measures before and after large-scale laryngeal movements did not differ (p > 0.05). Inflammatory responses and hematoma formation were also similar. Waveform morphology of electromyographic signals registered from both electrode types show similar complex action potentials. There is no difference between the hooked-wire electrode and the concentric needle electrode in terms of electrode stability or vocal fold injury in the thyroarytenoid muscle after large-scale laryngeal movements.

  16. Morphological variation in Echinorhynchus truttae Schrank, 1788 and the Echinorhynchus bothniensis Zdzitowiecki & Valtonen, 1987 species complex from freshwater fishes of northern Europe

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Abstract Echinorhynchus truttae and the Echinorhynchus bothniensis species complex are common parasites of salmoniform and other fishes in northern Europe. Echinorhynchus bothniensis and its sibling species Echinorhynchus 'bothniensis' are thought to be closely related to the Nearctic Echinorhynchus leidyi Van Cleave, 1924 based on morphological similarity and common usage of a mysid intermediate host. This study provides the first analysis of morphological and meristic variation in Echinorhynchus truttae and expands our knowledge of anatomical variability in the Echinorhynchus bothniensis group. Morphological variability in Echinorhynchus truttae was found to be far greater than previously reported, with part of the variance attributable to sexual dimorphism. Echinorhynchus truttae, the two species of the Echinorhynchus bothniensis group and Echinorhynchus leidyi displayed considerable interspecific overlap in the ranges of all conventional morphological characters. However, Proboscis profiler, a tool for detecting acanthocephalan morphotypes using multivariate analysis of hook morphometrics, successfully separated Echinorhynchus truttae from the other taxa. The Echinorhynchus bothniensis species group could not be reliably distinguished from Echinorhynchus leidyi (or each other), providing further evidence of the affinity of these taxa. Observations on the distribution of Echinorhynchus truttae in its definitive host population are also reported. PMID:24723769

  17. Synopsis of Nekemias Raf., a segregate genus from Ampelopsis Michx. (Vitaceae) disjunct between eastern/southeastern Asia and eastern North America, with ten new combinations

    PubMed Central

    Wen, Jun; Boggan, John; Nie, Ze-Long

    2014-01-01

    Abstract The genus Nekemias (Vitaceae) was first recognized by Rafinesque in 1838. It has been treated as a synonym of Ampelopsis Michx. Recent phylogenetic studies suggest that Ampelopsis as traditionally delimited is paraphyletic. To maintain the monophyly of each of the genera of Vitaceae, we herein segregate the Ampelopsis sect. Leeaceifoliae lineage from Ampelopsis and recognize these taxa in Nekemias Raf., which has a disjunct distribution in eastern to southeastern Asia and eastern North America. Nomenclatural changes are made for nine species and one variety: Nekemias arborea (L.) J. Wen & Boggan, Nekemias cantoniensis (Hook. & Arn.) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie, Nekemias celebica (Suess.) J. Wen & Boggan, Nekemias chaffanjonii (H. Lév. & Van.) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie, Nekemias gongshanensis (C.L. Li) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie, Nekemias grossedentata (Hand.-Mazz.) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie, Nekemias hypoglauca (Hance) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie, Nekemias megalophylla (Diels & Gilg) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie, Nekemias megalophylla var. jiangxiensis (W.T. Wang) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie, and Nekemias rubifolia (Wall.) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie. A taxonomic key is provided for the genus to facilitate identification. PMID:25383008

  18. Covariant Formulation of Hooke's Law.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gron, O.

    1981-01-01

    Introducing a four-vector strain and a four-force stress, Hooke's law is written as a four-vector equation. This formulation is shown to clarify seemingly paradoxical results in connection with uniformly accelerated motion, and rotational motion with angular acceleration. (Author/JN)

  19. Are we sinking Sandy Hook? Possible impacts of groundwater extraction to sea-level change

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Johnson, C. S.; Fan, Y.; Miller, K. G.; Browning, J. V.

    2017-12-01

    The tide gauge at Sandy Hook, NJ, a spit of sand extending 8 km into Raritan Bay of New York and New Jersey, recorded a 20th century rate of relative sea-level (RSL) rise of 4.0±0.5 mm/yr, significantly higher than the 1.4±0.2 mm/yr rate of global mean sea-level rise for the twentieth century. The Battery, NY tide gauge, located atop crystalline bedrock 26 km to the northwest, recorded a 20th century rate of RSL rise of 3.0±0.3 mm/yr and reflects the regional rate of RSL rise. After global and regional effects are removed from the rate of RSL rise at Sandy Hook, the remaining 0.9±0.5 mm/yr is due to local effects, autocompaction and groundwater extraction induced compaction, within the unconsolidated Cretaceous to recent sediments underlying Sandy Hook. Our previous work showed that 0.13 mm/yr (90% CI 0.01-0.34 mm/yr) is due to autocompaction of young (≤13,350 cal yrs BP), highly compressible, Quaternary sediments underlying Sandy Hook. The remaining 0.8 mm/yr (90% CI 0.3-1.2 mm/yr) is hypothesized to be due to regional and local groundwater extraction. Previous studies have shown that Sandy Hook is within the cone of depression for Monmouth County, NJ. Historical records indicate that pumping for Ft. Hancock, a military installation on Sandy Hook, depleted some shallow aquifers as early as 1905. Visual MODFLOW was used to model the northern portion of the New Jersey coastal plain. Well logs from the northern New Jersey coastal plain were compiled and interpreted to refine subsurface geometries and build the model grid. Well permits provided modern locations and rates of groundwater extraction. 1,794 observation wells were used to calibrate the model. We present model results simulating the change in regional and local groundwater flow and hydraulic pressures from pre-development ( 1880) to present. The pressure changes were then used to calculate the potential changes in thickness of each of the stratigraphic units underneath Sandy Hook between 1880 and present. The resulting average rate of groundwater extraction induced compaction is between 0.2 and 4.3 mm/yr. Better constraints on stratigraphy, pumping rates, and improved model boundaries are being used to narrow this range.

  20. Robert S. Nelson | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    S. Nelson Photo of Robert S. Nelson Robert Nelson Researcher II-Biological Science Robert.Nelson recombinant proteins. His current work is focused on the biological conversion of lignocellulose to advanced

  1. 34 CFR 654.1 - What is the Robert C. Byrd Honors Scholarship Program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What is the Robert C. Byrd Honors Scholarship Program...) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ROBERT C. BYRD HONORS SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM General § 654.1 What is the Robert C. Byrd Honors Scholarship Program? Under the Robert C. Byrd Honors...

  2. 34 CFR 654.1 - What is the Robert C. Byrd Honors Scholarship Program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What is the Robert C. Byrd Honors Scholarship Program...) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ROBERT C. BYRD HONORS SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM General § 654.1 What is the Robert C. Byrd Honors Scholarship Program? Under the Robert C. Byrd Honors...

  3. 34 CFR 654.1 - What is the Robert C. Byrd Honors Scholarship Program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What is the Robert C. Byrd Honors Scholarship Program...) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ROBERT C. BYRD HONORS SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM General § 654.1 What is the Robert C. Byrd Honors Scholarship Program? Under the Robert C. Byrd Honors...

  4. 34 CFR 654.1 - What is the Robert C. Byrd Honors Scholarship Program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What is the Robert C. Byrd Honors Scholarship Program...) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ROBERT C. BYRD HONORS SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM General § 654.1 What is the Robert C. Byrd Honors Scholarship Program? Under the Robert C. Byrd Honors...

  5. 34 CFR 654.1 - What is the Robert C. Byrd Honors Scholarship Program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What is the Robert C. Byrd Honors Scholarship Program...) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ROBERT C. BYRD HONORS SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM General § 654.1 What is the Robert C. Byrd Honors Scholarship Program? Under the Robert C. Byrd Honors...

  6. Unwanted Workplace Experiences DEOCS 4.1 Construct Validity Summary

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2017-08-01

    range from repeatedly asking you out for coffee to asking you for sex or a ’hook-up’. e. Intentionally touch you in a sexual way when you did not...coffee to asking you for sex or a ’hook-up’. 1.98 0.15 -6.25 37.04 e. Intentionally touch you in a sexual way when you did not want them to...coffee to asking you for sex or a ’hook-up’. 7.85 0.34 .62 0.78 e. Intentionally touch you in a sexual way when you did not want them to? This could

  7. Anterior cruciate ligament rupture secondary to a 'heel hook': a dangerous martial arts technique.

    PubMed

    Baker, Joseph F; Devitt, Brian M; Moran, Ray

    2010-01-01

    The 'heel hook' is a type of knee lock used in some forms of martial arts to stress the knee and cause opponent to concede defeat. While the knee is in a flexed and valgus disposition, an internal rotation force is applied to the tibia. Reports are lacking on serious knee trauma as a result of this technique. We report the case of a 32-year-old Mixed Martial Arts exponent who sustained complete anterior cruciate ligament rupture and an medial collateral ligament injury from the use of a 'heel hook'.

  8. Attachment device

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Zaguli, Ronald J. (Inventor)

    1994-01-01

    An apparatus is disclosed for capturing and holding a rod, bar or similar member; the apparatus having in one aspect a body member with a recess therein and a hook extending from the body member, the hook and recess defining a capture envelope for receiving and confining the rod, etc. In one aspect such an apparatus is disclosed in which the hook is movable with respect to the body member to vary the size of the capture envelope, both to initially facilitate emplacement of the apparatus about the rod, etc., and then to provide for tightening of the apparatus about the rod, etc., if desired.

  9. Automation Hooks Architecture for Flexible Test Orchestration - Concept Development and Validation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lansdowne, C. A.; Maclean, John R.; Winton, Chris; McCartney, Pat

    2011-01-01

    The Automation Hooks Architecture Trade Study for Flexible Test Orchestration sought a standardized data-driven alternative to conventional automated test programming interfaces. The study recommended composing the interface using multicast DNS (mDNS/SD) service discovery, Representational State Transfer (Restful) Web Services, and Automatic Test Markup Language (ATML). We describe additional efforts to rapidly mature the Automation Hooks Architecture candidate interface definition by validating it in a broad spectrum of applications. These activities have allowed us to further refine our concepts and provide observations directed toward objectives of economy, scalability, versatility, performance, severability, maintainability, scriptability and others.

  10. Bioinspired Superdurable Pestle‐Loop Mechanical Interlocker with Tunable Peeling Force, Strong Shear Adhesion, and Low Noise

    PubMed Central

    Jiao, Junrong; Zhang, Feilong; Jiao, Tian; Gu, Zhen

    2018-01-01

    Abstract Velcro, the most typical hook‐loop interlocker, often suffers from undesirable deformation, breaking, and noise because of the structure of the hook. Inspired by the arrester system of dragonfly, a new mechanical interlocker with a nylon pestle instead of the traditional hook is developed. The pestle‐loop mechanical interlocker shows a tunable peeling force from 0.4 ± 0.14 to 6.5 ± 0.72 N and the shear adhesion force of pestle‐loop mechanical interlocker is about twice as much as that of velcro. The pestle tape can be separated and fastened with the loop tape up to 30 000 cycles while keeping the original adhesive force and the pestle structure. In comparison, only after 4000 cycles most hooks of the commercial velcro are deformed and even broken, completely losing their adhesive function and their hook structure. These experimental results are further supported by finite element simulitions—the base of pestle mainly bears the separation‐caused strain while the middle of hook does. Notably, the sound volume during the separation of pestle‐loop mechanical interlocker is merely 49 ± 7.4 dB, much lower than 70 ± 3.5 dB produced by the velcro. PMID:29721425

  11. Extremely high myoglobin plasma concentrations producing hook effect in a critically ill patient.

    PubMed

    Kurt-Mangold, Michelle; Drees, Denny; Krasowski, Matthew D

    2012-12-24

    A 21-year old female suffered a cardiac arrest after a one week history of viral illness later shown to be caused by influenza B. The patient required extended cardiopulmonary resuscitation and had further complications including compartment syndrome. Plasma myoglobin concentration was measured using the Roche Diagnostics electrochemiluminescent myoglobin assay. The myoglobin concentration was 205,590 μg/l in an undiluted specimen, consistent with severe rhabdomyolysis. Subsequent myoglobin concentrations measured two days later showed dramatic decreases to approximately 1000 μg/l, raising suspicion of a hook effect. Dilution and re-analysis of the specimens revealed that the actual myoglobin concentrations were >395,000 μg/l, with one specimen possessing an estimated myoglobin concentration of >600,000 μg/l. Interestingly, three specimens from this patient did not show evidence of hook effect, with undiluted specimens producing myoglobin concentrations as high as 284,000 μg/l. Retrospective analysis of myoglobin results over an 8-year period did not reveal other cases with suspicion of hook effect. The case patient had the highest myoglobin concentrations out of 7301 specimens. This case illustrates that while the Roche myoglobin assay has a very wide dynamic range, hook effect can occur with extremely high concentrations of plasma myoglobin. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  12. Stress induced by hooking, net towing, elevated sea water temperature and air in sablefish: Lack of concordance between mortality and physiological measures of stress

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Davis, M.W.; Olla, B.L.; Schreck, C.B.

    2001-01-01

    In a series of laboratory studies designed to simulate bycatch processes, sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria were either hooked for up to 24 h or towed in a net for 4 h and then subjected to an abrupt transfer to elevated sea water temperature and air. Mortality did not result from hooking or net towing followed by exposure to air, but increased for both capture methods as fish were exposed to elevated temperatures, reflecting the magnifying effect of elevated temperature on mortality. Hooking and exposure to air resulted in increased plasma cortisol and lactate concentrations, while the combination of hooking and exposure to elevated temperature and air resulted in increased lactate and potassium concentrations. In fish that were towed in a net and exposed to air, cortisol, lactate, potassium and sodium concentrations increased, but when subjected to elevated temperature and air, no further increases occurred above the concentrations induced by net towing and air, suggesting a possible maximum of the physiological stress response. The results suggest that caution should be exercised when using physiological measures to quantify stress induced by capture and exposure to elevated temperature and air, that ultimately result in mortality, since the connections between physiological stress and mortality in bycatch processes remain to be fully understood.

  13. Comparative analysis of hook, hybrid, and pedicle screw instrumentation in the posterior treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

    PubMed

    Yilmaz, Guney; Borkhuu, Battugs; Dhawale, Arjun A; Oto, Murat; Littleton, Aaron G; Mason, Dan E; Gabos, Peter G; Shah, Suken A

    2012-01-01

    Spinal instrumentation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) aims to correct spinal deformity and maintain long-term spinal stability until bony healing is ensured. The purpose of this study was to compare the minimum 2-year postoperative radiographic and clinical results of posterior spine correction and fusion with all-hook instrumentation versus hybrid segmental instrumentation versus pedicle screw instrumentation for AIS from a single institution. A total of 105 patients with AIS who underwent a posterior spinal fusion with segmental pedicle screw (35), hook (35), or hybrid (35) instrumentation were sorted and matched according to the following criteria: similar age at surgery, identical Lenke curve types, curve magnitude, and Risser grade. Patients were evaluated before, immediately after, and at 2 years after surgery for radiographic parameters, complications, and outcome, as well as on the basis of the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) questionnaire. The age and Risser grade, major curve Cobb angle, apical vertebral rotation (AVR), apical vertebral translation (AVT), lowest instrumented vertebral tilt, global coronal and sagittal balance, lumbar lordosis, and thoracic kyphosis were determined as part of preoperative evaluation. All 3 groups showed significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative major curve Cobb angle, lowest instrumented vertebral tilt, AVT, and AVR. At the latest follow-up, lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, and global coronal and sagittal balance remained similar among the 3 groups. Major curve Cobb angle, AVT, and AVR were significantly different--the hook group's measurements were significantly higher than the other groups, but there was no difference between the pedicle screw and hybrid groups. Major curve correction rate was significantly different among all groups (screw=71.9%±13.8%, hybrid=61.4%±16.6%, hook=48.1%±19.7%) (P<0.001). The pedicle screw group had the least amount of correction loss but there was no statistically significant difference between groups (screw=2.6±6.7 degrees, hybrid=4.5±7.4 degrees, hook=4.4±6.2 degrees) (P=0.35). The hook group had the least amount of AVT correction, but the screw group and the hybrid groups were similar (pedicle=67.3%±15.5%, hybrid=57.5%±22.4%, hook=39.9%±32.5%) (P<0.001). Surgery time and blood loss were higher in the screw group. No differences in global SRS-22 scores were demonstrated between the patients treated with pedicle screw, hybrid, and hook constructs; however, the satisfaction domain was higher in the screw group at the latest follow-up. Pedicle screw and hybrid instrumentations offer significantly better spinal deformity correction than hook constructs in major curve coronal correction, AVT, and AVR. Patients with pedicle screw instrumentation had the greatest curve correction percentage, maintenance of this correction in the coronal and sagittal planes, and higher patient satisfaction by the SRS outcome scores. Global SRS-22 scores were similar at 2-year follow-up in all groups. Therapeutic level III retrospective comparative study.

  14. An Architecture for the Electronic Church: Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

    PubMed

    Grubiak, Margaret M

    2016-04-01

    More than a university, Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma, was also the headquarters for evangelist Oral Roberts's electronic church. The electronic church in America, dominated by Christian evangelicals, used technology to spread the Gospel over radio airways and television signals to a dispersed audience. Yet evangelicals like Roberts also constructed ambitious campuses in real space and time. The architecture of Oral Roberts University visualized a modern and "populuxe" image for the electronic church in the 1960s and 1970s. The university's Prayer Tower purposely alluded to the Seattle Space Needle, aligning religion and the Space Age, and the campus's white, gold, and black color palette on late modern buildings created an image of aspirational luxury, conveying Roberts's health and wealth gospel. Oral Roberts University served as a sound stage for Roberts's radio and television shows, a pilgrimage point for his audience, and a university dedicated to training evangelicals in the electronic church.

  15. Gateway National Recreation Area - Sandy Hook Unit : parking management study

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2003-12-01

    This report describes the Parking Management System (PMS) concept for the Sandy Hook Traveler Information System (TIS). The PMS is an important component of the TIS because it ultimately will be used to determine the open / closed status of the park....

  16. Is stump sprout treatment necessary to effectively control Phytophthora ramorum in California's wildlands?

    Treesearch

    Yana Valachovic; Richard Cobb; David Rizzo; Brendan Twieg; Chris Lee; Radoslaw Glebocki

    2013-01-01

    In California, wildland hosts that support sporulation of Phytophthora ramorum, such as California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.) and tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Manos, Cannon & S.H. Oh), also develop prolific basal sprouts following...

  17. Gateway National Recreational Area - Sandy Hook Unit : automated fee entrance plaza and intelligent transportation system technical requirements

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2009-01-01

    The Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center) is providing technical : support to Sandy Hook, a unit of the Gateway National Recreation Area, in the planning and : concept development for possible Intelligent Transportation Systems ...

  18. DETAIL VIEW OF THE BRIDGE CRANE HOOKS USED IN HB3 ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    DETAIL VIEW OF THE BRIDGE CRANE HOOKS USED IN HB-3 AND HB-4, FACING SOUTHWEST - Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Launch Complex 39, Vehicle Assembly Building, VAB Road, East of Kennedy Parkway North, Cape Canaveral, Brevard County, FL

  19. Anharmonic Vibrations of an "Ideal" Hooke's Law Oscillator

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Thomchick, John; McKelvey, J. P.

    1978-01-01

    Presents a model describing the vibrations of a mass connected to fixed supports by "ideal" Hooke's law springs which may serve as a starting point in the study of the properties of irons in a crystal undergoing soft mode activated transition. (SL)

  20. Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair by the hook method in emergency setting in children presenting with incarcerated inguinal hernia.

    PubMed

    Chan, Kin Wai Edwin; Lee, Kim Hung; Tam, Yuk Him; Sihoe, Jennifer Dart Yin; Cheung, Sing Tak; Mou, Jennifer Wai Cheung

    2011-10-01

    The development of laparoscopic hernia repair has provided an alternative approach to the management of incarcerated inguinal hernia in children. Different laparoscopic techniques for hernia repair have been described. However, we hereby review the role of laparoscopic hernia repair using the hook method in the emergency setting for incarcerated inguinal hernias in children. A retrospective review was conducted of all children who presented with incarcerated inguinal hernia and underwent laparoscopic hernia repair using the hook method in emergency setting between 2004 and 2010. There were a total of 15 boys and 1 girl with a mean age of 30 ± 36 months (range, 4 months to 12 years). The hernia was successfully reduced after sedation in 7 children and after general anesthesia in 4 children. In 5 children, the hernia was reduced by a combined manual and laparoscopic-assisted approach. Emergency laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair using the hook method was performed after reduction of the hernia. The presence of preperitoneal fluid secondary to recent incarceration facilitated the dissection of the preperitoneal space by the hernia hook. All children underwent successful reduction and hernia repair. The median operative time was 37 minutes. There was no postoperative complication. The median hospital stay was 3 days. At a median follow-up of 40 months, there was no recurrence of the hernia or testicular atrophy. Emergency laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair by the hook method is safe and feasible. Easier preperitoneal dissection was experienced, and repair of the contralateral patent processus vaginalis can be performed in the same setting. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  1. A new orthodontic force system for moment control utilizing the flexibility of common wires: Evaluation of the effect of contractile force and hook length.

    PubMed

    Lai, Wei-Jen; Midorikawa, Yoshiyuki; Kanno, Zuisei; Takemura, Hiroshi; Suga, Kazuhiro; Soga, Kohei; Ono, Takashi; Uo, Motohiro

    2018-01-01

    The application of an appropriate force system is indispensable for successful orthodontic treatments. Second-order moment control is especially important in many clinical situations, so we developed a new force system composed of a straight orthodontic wire and two crimpable hooks of different lengths to produce the second-order moment. The objective of this study was to evaluate this new force system and determine an optimum condition that could be used in clinics. We built a premolar extraction model with two teeth according to the concept of a modified orthodontic simulator. This system was activated by applying contractile force from two hooks that generated second-order moment and force. The experimental device incorporated two sensors, and forces and moments were measured along six axes. We changed the contractile force and hook length to elucidate their effects. Three types of commercial wires were tested. The second-order moment was greater on the longer hook side of the model. Vertical force balanced the difference in moments between the two teeth. Greater contractile force generated a greater second-order moment, which reached a limit of 150 g. Excessive contractile force induced more undesired reactions in the other direction. Longer hooks induced greater moment generation, reaching their limit at 10 mm in length. The system acted similar to an off-center V-bend and can be applied in clinical practice as an unconventional loop design. We suggest that this force system has the potential for second-order moment control in clinical applications. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  2. Retrospective Evaluation of Safety, Efficacy and Risk Factors for Pneumothorax in Simultaneous Localizations of Multiple Pulmonary Nodules Using Hook Wire System.

    PubMed

    Zhong, Yan; Xu, Xiao-Quan; Pan, Xiang-Long; Zhang, Wei; Xu, Hai; Yuan, Mei; Kong, Ling-Yan; Pu, Xue-Hui; Chen, Liang; Yu, Tong-Fu

    2017-09-01

    To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the hook wire system in the simultaneous localizations for multiple pulmonary nodules (PNs) before video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), and to clarify the risk factors for pneumothorax associated with the localization procedure. Between January 2010 and February 2016, 67 patients (147 nodules, Group A) underwent simultaneous localizations for multiple PNs using a hook wire system. The demographic, localization procedure-related information and the occurrence rate of pneumothorax were assessed and compared with a control group (349 patients, 349 nodules, Group B). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors for pneumothorax during the localization procedure. All the 147 nodules were successfully localized. Four (2.7%) hook wires dislodged before VATS procedure, but all these four lesions were successfully resected according to the insertion route of hook wire. Pathological diagnoses were acquired for all 147 nodules. Compared with Group B, Group A demonstrated significantly longer procedure time (p < 0.001) and higher occurrence rate of pneumothorax (p = 0.019). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that position change during localization procedure (OR 2.675, p = 0.021) and the nodules located in the ipsilateral lung (OR 9.404, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for pneumothorax. Simultaneous localizations for multiple PNs using a hook wire system before VATS procedure were safe and effective. Compared with localization for single PN, simultaneous localizations for multiple PNs were prone to the occurrence of pneumothorax. Position change during localization procedure and the nodules located in the ipsilateral lung were independent risk factors for pneumothorax.

  3. On the convexity of ROC curves estimated from radiological test results.

    PubMed

    Pesce, Lorenzo L; Metz, Charles E; Berbaum, Kevin S

    2010-08-01

    Although an ideal observer's receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve must be convex-ie, its slope must decrease monotonically-published fits to empirical data often display "hooks." Such fits sometimes are accepted on the basis of an argument that experiments are done with real, rather than ideal, observers. However, the fact that ideal observers must produce convex curves does not imply that convex curves describe only ideal observers. This article aims to identify the practical implications of nonconvex ROC curves and the conditions that can lead to empirical or fitted ROC curves that are not convex. This article views nonconvex ROC curves from historical, theoretical, and statistical perspectives, which we describe briefly. We then consider population ROC curves with various shapes and analyze the types of medical decisions that they imply. Finally, we describe how sampling variability and curve-fitting algorithms can produce ROC curve estimates that include hooks. We show that hooks in population ROC curves imply the use of an irrational decision strategy, even when the curve does not cross the chance line, and therefore usually are untenable in medical settings. Moreover, we sketch a simple approach to improve any nonconvex ROC curve by adding statistical variation to the decision process. Finally, we sketch how to test whether hooks present in ROC data are likely to have been caused by chance alone and how some hooked ROCs found in the literature can be easily explained as fitting artifacts or modeling issues. In general, ROC curve fits that show hooks should be looked on with suspicion unless other arguments justify their presence. 2010 AUR. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  4. Biomechanical Analysis of the Proximal Adjacent Segment after Multilevel Instrumentation of the Thoracic Spine: Do Hooks Ease the Transition?

    PubMed Central

    Metzger, Melodie F.; Robinson, Samuel T.; Svet, Mark T.; Liu, John C.; Acosta, Frank L.

    2015-01-01

    Study Design Biomechanical cadaveric study. Objective Clinical studies indicate that using less-rigid fixation techniques in place of the standard all-pedicle screw construct when correcting for scoliosis may reduce the incidence of proximal junctional kyphosis and improve patient outcomes. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is a biomechanical advantage to using supralaminar hooks in place of pedicle screws at the upper-instrumented vertebrae in a multilevel thoracic construct. Methods T7–T12 spines were biomechanically tested: (1) intact; (2) following a two-level pedicles screw fusion from T9 to T11; and after proximal extension of the fusion to T8–T9 with (3) bilateral supra-laminar hooks, (4) a unilateral hook + unilateral screw hybrid, or (5) bilateral pedicle screws. Specimens were nondestructively loaded while three-dimensional kinematics and intradiscal pressure at the supra-adjacent level were recorded. Results Supra-adjacent hypermobility was reduced when bilateral hooks were used in place of pedicle screws at the upper-instrumented level, with statistically significant differences in lateral bending and torsion (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). Disk pressures in the supra-adjacent segment were not statistically different among top-off techniques. Conclusions The use of supralaminar hooks at the top of a multilevel posterior fusion construct reduces the stress at the proximal uninstrumented motion segment. Although further data is needed to provide a definitive link to the clinical occurrence of PJK, this in vitro study demonstrates the potential benefit of “easing” the transition between the stiff instrumented spine and the flexible native spine and is the first to demonstrate these results with laminar hooks. PMID:27190735

  5. The clavicle hook plate for Neer type II lateral clavicle fractures.

    PubMed

    Renger, R J; Roukema, G R; Reurings, J C; Raams, P M; Font, J; Verleisdonk, E J M M

    2009-09-01

    To evaluate functional and radiologic outcome in patients with a Neer type II lateral clavicle fracture treated with the clavicle hook plate. Multicenter retrospective study. Five level I and II trauma centers. Forty-four patients, average age 38.4 years (18-66 years), with a Neer type II lateral clavicle fracture treated with the clavicle hook plate between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2006. Open reduction and internal fixation with the clavicle hook plate. Removal of all 44 implants after consolidation at a mean of 8.4 months (2-33 months) postoperatively. At an average follow-up of 27.4 months (13-48 months), functional outcome was assessed with the Constant-Murley scoring system. Radiographs were taken to evaluate consolidation and to determine the distance between the coracoid process and the clavicle. The average Constant score was 92.4 (74-100). The average distance between the coracoid process and the clavicle was 9.8 mm (7.3-14.8 mm) compared with 9.4 mm (6.9-14.3 mm) on the contralateral nonoperative side. We observed 1 dislocation of an implant (2.2%), 2 cases of pseudarthrosis (4.5%), 2 superficial wound infections (4.5%), 2 patients with hypertrophic scar tissue (4.5%), and 3 times an acromial osteolysis (6.8%). Thirty patients (68%) reported discomfort due to the implant. These implant-related complaints and the acromial osteolysis disappeared after removal of the hook plate. With all the patients, direct functional aftercare was possible. The clavicle hook plate is a suitable implant for Neer type II clavicle fractures. The advantage of this osteosynthesis is the possibility of immediate functional aftercare. We observed a high percentage of discomfort due to the implant; therefore, we advise to remove the implant as soon as consolidation has taken place.

  6. Altered intragenic DNA methylation of HOOK2 gene in adipose tissue from individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes

    PubMed Central

    Fernández-Bayón, Gustavo; Morales-Sánchez, Paula; Sanz, Lourdes; Turienzo, Estrella; González, Juan José; Martinez-Faedo, Ceferino; Suarez-Gutiérrez, Lorena; Ares, Jessica; Díaz-Naya, Lucia; Martin-Nieto, Alicia; Fernández-Morera, Juan L.; Fraga, Mario F.

    2017-01-01

    Aims/Hypothesis Failure in glucose response to insulin is a common pathology associated with obesity. In this study, we analyzed the genome wide DNA methylation profile of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) samples in a population of individuals with obesity and assessed whether differential methylation profiles are associated with the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods More than 485,000 CpG genome sites from VAT samples from women with obesity undergoing gastric bypass (n = 18), and classified as suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2D) or not (no type 2 diabetes, NT2D), were analyzed using DNA methylation arrays. Results We found significant differential methylation between T2D and NT2D samples in 24 CpGs that map with sixteen genes, one of which, HOOK2, demonstrated a significant correlation between differentially hypermethylated regions on the gene body and the presence of type 2 diabetes. This was validated by pyrosequencing in a population of 91 samples from both males and females with obesity. Furthermore, when these results were analyzed by gender, female T2D samples were found hypermethylated at the cg04657146-region and the cg 11738485-region of HOOK2 gene, whilst, interestingly, male samples were found hypomethylated in this latter region. Conclusion The differential methylation profile of the HOOK2 gene in individuals with T2D and obesity might be related to the attendant T2D, but further studies are required to identify the potential role of HOOK2 gene in T2D disease. The finding of gender differences in T2D methylation of HOOK2 also warrants further investigation. PMID:29228058

  7. On the convexity of ROC curves estimated from radiological test results

    PubMed Central

    Pesce, Lorenzo L.; Metz, Charles E.; Berbaum, Kevin S.

    2010-01-01

    Rationale and Objectives Although an ideal observer’s receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve must be convex — i.e., its slope must decrease monotonically — published fits to empirical data often display “hooks.” Such fits sometimes are accepted on the basis of an argument that experiments are done with real, rather than ideal, observers. However, the fact that ideal observers must produce convex curves does not imply that convex curves describe only ideal observers. This paper aims to identify the practical implications of non-convex ROC curves and the conditions that can lead to empirical and/or fitted ROC curves that are not convex. Materials and Methods This paper views non-convex ROC curves from historical, theoretical and statistical perspectives, which we describe briefly. We then consider population ROC curves with various shapes and analyze the types of medical decisions that they imply. Finally, we describe how sampling variability and curve-fitting algorithms can produce ROC curve estimates that include hooks. Results We show that hooks in population ROC curves imply the use of an irrational decision strategy, even when the curve doesn’t cross the chance line, and therefore usually are untenable in medical settings. Moreover, we sketch a simple approach to improve any non-convex ROC curve by adding statistical variation to the decision process. Finally, we sketch how to test whether hooks present in ROC data are likely to have been caused by chance alone and how some hooked ROCs found in the literature can be easily explained as fitting artifacts or modeling issues. Conclusion In general, ROC curve fits that show hooks should be looked upon with suspicion unless other arguments justify their presence. PMID:20599155

  8. The role of sediment compaction and groundwater withdrawal in local sea-level rise, Sandy Hook, New Jersey, USA

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Johnson, Christopher S.; Miller, Kenneth G.; Browning, James V.; Kopp, Robert E.; Khan, Nicole S.; Fan, Ying; Stanford, Scott D.; Horton, Benjamin P.

    2018-02-01

    The rate of relative sea-level (RSL) rise at Sandy Hook, NJ (4.0 ± 0.5 mm/yr) was higher than The Battery, NY (3.0 ± 0.3 mm/yr) from 1900 to 2012 despite being separated by just 26 km. The difference cannot be explained by differential glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA; 1.4 ± 0.4 and 1.3 ± 0.4 mm/yr RSL rise, respectively) alone. We estimate the contribution of sediment compaction to subsidence at Sandy Hook using high-resolution grain size, percent organic matter, and porosity data from three upper Quaternary (≤13,350 cal yr) cores. The organic matter content (<2%) is too low to contribute to local subsidence. However, numerical modeling of the grain size-depth-age-porosity relationship indicates that compaction of deglacial silts likely reduced the column thickness by 10-20% over the past 13,350 cal yrs. While compaction rates were high immediately after the main silt deposition (13,350-13,150 cal yrs BP), rates decreased exponentially after deposition to an average 20th century rate of 0.16 mm/yr (90% Confidence Interval (C.I.), 0.06-0.32 mm/yr). The remaining ∼0.7 mm/yr (90% C.I. 0.3-1.2 mm/yr) difference in subsidence between Sandy Hook and The Battery is likely due to anthropogenic groundwater withdrawal. Historical data from Fort Hancock wells (2 km to the southeast of the Sandy Hook tide gauge) and previous regional work show that local and regional water extraction lowered the water levels in the aquifers underlying Sandy Hook. We suggest that the modern order of contribution to subsidence (highest to lowest) appears to be GIA, local/regional groundwater extraction, and compaction of thick Quaternary silts.

  9. Characteristic Chromatogram: A Method of Discriminate and Quantitative Analysis for Quality Evaluation of Uncaria Stem with Hooks.

    PubMed

    Hou, Jinjun; Feng, Ruihong; Zhang, Yibei; Pan, Huiqin; Yao, Shuai; Han, Sumei; Feng, Zijin; Cai, Luying; Wu, Wanying; Guo, De-An

    2018-04-01

    It remains a challenge to establish new monographs for herbal drugs derived from multiple botanical sources. Specifically, the difficulty involves discriminating and quantifying these herbs with components whose levels vary markedly among different samples. Using Uncaria stem with hooks as an example, a characteristic chromatogram was proposed to discriminate its five botanical origins and to quantify its characteristic components in the chromatogram. The characteristic chromatogram with respect to the components of Uncaria stem with hooks with the five botanical origins was established using 0.02% diethylamine and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The total analysis time was 50 min and the detection wavelength was 245 nm. Using the same chromatogram parameters, the single standard to determine multicomponents method was validated to simultaneously quantify nine indole alkaloids, including vincosamide, 3 α -dihydrocadambine, isocorynoxeine, corynoxeine, isorhynchophylline, rhynchophylline, hirsuteine, hirsutine, and geissoschizine methyl ether. The results showed that only the Uncaria stem with hooks from Uncaria rhynchophylla , the most widely used in the herbal market, showed the presence of these nine alkaloids. The conversion factors were 1.27, 2.32, 0.98, 1.04, 1.00, 1.02, 1.26, 1.33, and 1.25, respectively. The limits of quantitation were lower than 700 ng/mL. The total contents of 31 batches of Uncaria stem with hooks were in the range of 0.1 - 0.6%, except for Uncaria hirsuta Havil and Uncaria sinensis (Oliv.) Havil. The results also showed that the total content of indole alkaloids tended to decrease with an increase in the hook diameter. This showed that the characteristic chromatogram is practical for controlling the quality of traditional Chinese medicines with multiple botanical origins. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

  10. Astronaut James Newman with latch hook for tether device

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1993-09-19

    STS051-26-002 (12-22 Sept 1993) --- Astronaut James H. Newman, mission specialist, shows off a latch hook for a tether device used during the STS-51 extravehicular activity (EVA) on September 16, 1993. Newman, on Discovery's middeck, appears surrounded by sleep restraints.

  11. Columbia Smelting & Refining Works Red Hook, Brooklyn, New York

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The site is the former location of a secondary lead smelter called Columbia Smelting and Refining Works (Columbia), and the extent of lead-contaminated soil from the smelter, in the mixed-use neighborhood of Red Hook in Brooklyn, New York. The footprint of

  12. Stick-slip friction and ageing in Velcro®

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mariani, Lisa; Angiolillo, Paul

    2014-03-01

    The mesoscopic hook and loop system of Velcro® provides a model of stick-slip friction that exhibits behavior reminiscent of results seen in nanoscale model systems. The friction is linearly dependent on contact area and independent of driving velocity. Morever, there is a power law dependence of the friction on loading, with exponent between 1/4 and 1/3. Furthermore, the evolution of stick-slip to more smooth sliding, as controlled by contact area, is also noted. These transition predictions follow power law profiles, as well, with respect to increasing contact area. Thus, the hook-and-loop system shows to be a good mesoscale model system of stick-slip friction and provides a link between nanoscale and macroscale friction. Through an investigation into the ageing of the hooks in the system, the data suggests that the hooks age during the shearing regime and take a characteristic time to return to initial attachment strength. Additionally, there does not appear to be a significant affect of ageing on the kinetic friction experienced by the system.

  13. Distinguishing between damage to clothing as a result of normal wear and tear or as a result of deliberate damage: a sexual assault case study.

    PubMed

    Daly, Dyan J; Lee-Gorman, Marce A; Ryan, Jennifer

    2009-03-01

    This paper focuses on bra damage, specifically damage observed in hook and eye fasteners that are generally located at the backstraps of bras. We describe bra design including the method by which hook and eye fasteners are generally constructed. We assess bra damage in two situations where the damage observed was unexpected given the case scenarios. These were: (i) the complainant of an alleged rape attributed damage to her bra hooks to force during a struggle and (ii) the complainant had earlier manipulated her bra hooks in an incident not related to her complaint. Steriomicroscopy and reconstruction experimentation were necessarily used to assess the bra damage. A systematic approach to damage analysis was employed by the forensic practitioners to correctly identify damage as being a result of mechanical manipulation and therefore as falsified. This paper suggests that more examples of falsified damage should be documented.

  14. [Three dimensional finite element analysis of maxillary anterior teeth retraction with micro-implant anchorage and sliding mechanics].

    PubMed

    Zhang, Yi; Zhang, Lei; Fan, Yu-bo; Song, Jin-lin; Deng, Feng

    2009-10-01

    To investigate the biomechanical effects of micro-implant anchorage technique with sliding mechanics on maxillary anterior teeth retraction under different implant insertion heights and different retraction hook heights. The three dimensional finite element model of maxillary anterior teeth retraction force system was constructed with CT scanning and MIMICS software and the relationships between brackets, teeth, wire and micro-implant were simulating the clinical factions. Then the initial tooth displacement was calculated when the insertion heights were 4 mm and 8 mm and the retraction hook heights were 1, 4, 7, 10 mm respectively. With retraction hook height added, the anterior teeth movement changed from lingual crown tipping to labial crown tipping and the intrusion movement was more apparent when the micro-implant was inserted in a higher location. The ideal teeth movement control could be achieved by different insertion heights of micro-implant and different retraction hook heights in straight wire retraction force system.

  15. Two new species of Macrobothridium (Cestoda: Diphyllidea) from rhinobatid elasmobranchs in the Gulf of Gabès, Tunisia, with notes on the status of the genus.

    PubMed

    Neifar, L; Tyler, G A; Euzet, L

    2001-06-01

    As a result of an investigation of metazoan parasites of elasmobranch fishes in the Gulf of Gabès, Tunisia, we discovered 2 new species of diphyllidean cestodes. Macrobothridium euterpes n. sp. is described from the spiral intestine of Rhinobatos rhinobatos, and Macrobothridium syrtensis n. sp. from the spiral intestine of Rhinobatos cemiculus. Macrobothridium euterpes is distinguished from the only other species in the genus (Macrobothridium rhynchobati) by the number of rostellar hooks, size, genital pore position, vagina position, and ovary shape. Macrobothridium syrtensis is distinguished from M. rhynchobati by the hook morphology, testis number, and overall size, and from M. euterpes by the number of rostellar hooks, testis number, genital pore position, vagina position, and ovary shape. These are the first 2 species added to the genus since its establishment in 1989. A standardized formula for representing the number and arrangement of rostellar hooks in diphyllidean species is presented.

  16. The role of family structure and attachment in college student hookups.

    PubMed

    Garneau, Chelsea; Olmstead, Spencer B; Pasley, Kay; Fincham, Frank D

    2013-11-01

    We examined the relationship between family structure and hooking up among emerging adults (N = 881) and the extent to which attachment moderated this relationship. Neither family structure nor number of structure transitions were related to the number of hookup partners in the past 12 months. Having an avoidant attachment, being an underclassman, consuming more alcohol, and not being in an exclusive relationship were related to having a greater number of hookup partners, and avoidant attachment was a stronger indicator of hooking up for men than for women. Among those who had hooked up in the past 12 months (63.8 %), family structure did not significantly differentiate those having a penetrative sex hookup (i.e., oral sex and/or intercourse) versus a non-penetrative sex hookup (i.e., kissing and/or sexual touching only). Findings were discussed in terms of their methodological implications for studying hookups, such as the collection of event level data and examining how family structure influences other correlates of hooking up.

  17. Effect of Thread and Rotating Speed on Material Flow Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Lap Welding Joints

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ji, Shude; Li, Zhengwei; Zhou, Zhenlu; Wu, Baosheng

    2017-10-01

    This study focused on the effects of thread on hook and cold lap formation, lap shear property and impact toughness of alclad 2024-T4 friction stir lap welding (FSLW) joints. Except the traditional threaded pin tool (TR-tool), three new tools with different thread locations and orientations were designed. Results showed that thread significantly affected hook, cold lap morphologies and lap shear properties. The tool with tip-threaded pin (T-tool) fabricated joint with flat hook and cold lap, which resulted in shear fracture mode. The tools with bottom-threaded pin (B-tool) eliminated the hook. The tool with reverse-threaded pin (R-tool) widened the stir zone width. When using configuration A, the joints fabricated by the three new tools showed higher failure loads than the joint fabricated by the TR-tool. The joint using the T-tool owned the optimum impact toughness. This study demonstrated the significance of thread during FSLW and provided a reference to optimize tool geometry.

  18. Insight into structural remodeling of the FlhA ring responsible for bacterial flagellar type III protein export

    PubMed Central

    2018-01-01

    The bacterial flagellum is a supramolecular motility machine. Flagellar assembly begins with the basal body, followed by the hook and finally the filament. A carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic domain of FlhA (FlhAC) forms a nonameric ring structure in the flagellar type III protein export apparatus and coordinates flagellar protein export with assembly. However, the mechanism of this process remains unknown. We report that a flexible linker of FlhAC (FlhAL) is required not only for FlhAC ring formation but also for substrate specificity switching of the protein export apparatus from the hook protein to the filament protein upon completion of the hook structure. FlhAL was required for cooperative ring formation of FlhAC. Alanine substitutions of residues involved in FlhAC ring formation interfered with the substrate specificity switching, thereby inhibiting filament assembly at the hook tip. These observations lead us to propose a mechanistic model for export switching involving structural remodeling of FlhAC. PMID:29707633

  19. The Four U's: Latent Classes of Hookup Motivations Among College Students.

    PubMed

    Uecker, Jeremy E; Pearce, Lisa D; Andercheck, Brita

    2015-06-01

    College students' "hookups" have been the subject of a great deal of research in recent years. Motivations for hooking up have been linked to differences in well-being after the hookup, but studies detailing college students' motivations for engaging in hookups focus on single motivations. Using data from the 2010 Duke Hookup Survey, we consider how motivations for hooking up cluster to produce different classes, or profiles, of students who hook up, and how these classes are related to hookup regret. Four distinct classes of motivations emerged from our latent class analysis: Utilitarians (50%), Uninhibiteds (27%), Uninspireds (19%), and Unreflectives (4%). We find a number of differences in hookup motivation classes across social characteristics, including gender, year in school, race-ethnicity, self-esteem, and attitudes about sexual behavior outside committed relationships. Additionally, Uninspireds regret hookups more frequently than members of the other classes, and Uninhibiteds report regret less frequently than Utilitarians and Uninspireds. These findings reveal the complexity of motivations for hooking up and the link between motivations and regret.

  20. Hybrid constructs for tridimensional correction of the thoracic spine in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a comparative analysis of universal clamps versus hooks.

    PubMed

    Ilharreborde, Brice; Even, Julien; Lefevre, Yan; Fitoussi, Franck; Presedo, Ana; Penneçot, Georges-François; Mazda, Keyvan

    2010-02-01

    Retrospective study of prospectively collected data. Compare Universal Clamps (UCs) and hooks for the thoracic correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). In scoliosis surgery, sagittal correction is as important as frontal correction due to the risk of junctional kyphosis. Compared to all-screw constructs, hybrid constructs with lumbar pedicle screws and thoracic hooks or sublaminar wires have been shown to achieve similar coronal correction while providing superior postoperative thoracic kyphosis. The authors used a novel sublaminar thoracic implant, the UC with improvements over sublaminar wires. Hybrid constructs using thoracic UCs were compared to those with thoracic hooks. This series involved 150 patients treated for AIS with hybrid constructs. A total of 75 consecutive patients operated from 2001 to 2003, who had thoracic hooks with in situ contouring, distraction, and compression (Group 1), were compared to 75 consecutive patients operated from 2004 to 2006, who had thoracic UCs with posteromedial translation (Group 2). All had intraoperative somatosensory/motor-evoked potential monitoring and at least 2-years follow-up. Except for follow-up (longer in Group 1), the 2 groups were similar before surgery. The UCs achieved better thoracic coronal correction (P < 0.001), Cincinnati index (P < 0.001), kyphosis (P = 0.02), and apical rotation (P < 0.001). In normokyphotic or hypokyphotic patients, the UC corrected thoracic kyphosis by 11.2 degrees (55%) versus 0.4 degrees (2%) achieved by hooks (P < 0.0001). These differences were stable at last follow-up. There were no intraoperative complications or changes in somatosensory/motor-evoked potentials. UC reduced operative time by 20% (60 minutes; P < 0.001) and blood loss by 23% (250 mL; P < 0.001). Although both of these hybrid constructs efficaciously corrected the coronal and axial deformities in AIS, the results of the UC technique were superior to those achieved with hooks in all 3 planes, especially the sagittal plane. Moreover, the UC technique is straightforward and safe, reducing both operative duration and blood loss.

  1. The Future of Educational Research.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Farley, Frank H., Ed.

    1982-01-01

    Seven past presidents of the American Educational Research Association discuss trends and the probable nature of educational research in the 1980s. Authors include N.L. Gage, Benjamin S. Bloom, David R. Krathwohl, Robert M. Gagne, Robert Glaser, Robert Ebel, and Robert L. Thorndike. (GC)

  2. Turbine assembly containing an inner shroud

    DOEpatents

    Bagepalli, Bharat Sampathkumaran; Corman, Gregory Scot; Dean, Anthony John; DiMascio, Paul Stephen; Mirdamadi, Massoud

    2000-01-01

    A turbine assembly having a turbine stator, a ceramic inner shroud, and a first spring. The stator has a longitudinal axis and an outer shroud block with opposing and longitudinally outward facing first and second sides. The first side has a longitudinally outward projecting first ledge and has a first side portion located radially outward of the first ledge. The ceramic inner shroud has a first hook portion longitudinally and radially surrounding the first ledge. The first spring is attached to one of the first side portion and the first hook portion and unattachedly and resiliently contacts the other of the first side portion and the first hook portion.

  3. 50 CFR 660.716 - Surface hook-and-line fishery. [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Surface hook-and-line fishery. [Reserved] 660.716 Section 660.716 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (CONTINUED) FISHERIES OFF WEST COAST STATES...

  4. 50 CFR 660.716 - Surface hook-and-line fishery. [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Surface hook-and-line fishery. [Reserved] 660.716 Section 660.716 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (CONTINUED) FISHERIES OFF WEST COAST STATES...

  5. Conditions 10 years after sudden oak death suppression treatments in Humboldt County, California

    Treesearch

    Yana Valachovic; Richard Cobb; Brendan Twieg

    2017-01-01

    In 2006, three isolated sudden oak death- (SOD) infested locations within Humboldt County were selected for silvicultural treatments that targeted the removal and/or reduction of tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus Hook. & Arn.) and California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica Hook. & Arn), the main hosts...

  6. 7 CFR 1901.204 - Compliance reviews.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Administrator, Community and Business Programs, for each recipient. (4) Mandatory hook-up ordinance. Compliance... under the provisions of a mandatory hook-up ordinance will consist of a certification by the borrower or grantee that the ordinance is still in effect and is being enforced. (5) Forwarding noncompliance report...

  7. 7 CFR 1901.204 - Compliance reviews.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Administrator, Community and Business Programs, for each recipient. (4) Mandatory hook-up ordinance. Compliance... under the provisions of a mandatory hook-up ordinance will consist of a certification by the borrower or grantee that the ordinance is still in effect and is being enforced. (5) Forwarding noncompliance report...

  8. 7 CFR 1901.204 - Compliance reviews.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Administrator, Community and Business Programs, for each recipient. (4) Mandatory hook-up ordinance. Compliance... under the provisions of a mandatory hook-up ordinance will consist of a certification by the borrower or grantee that the ordinance is still in effect and is being enforced. (5) Forwarding noncompliance report...

  9. 7 CFR 1901.204 - Compliance reviews.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Administrator, Community and Business Programs, for each recipient. (4) Mandatory hook-up ordinance. Compliance... under the provisions of a mandatory hook-up ordinance will consist of a certification by the borrower or grantee that the ordinance is still in effect and is being enforced. (5) Forwarding noncompliance report...

  10. Reflections on Sandy Hook

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Trump, Kenneth S.

    2013-01-01

    In this article, the author shares his thoughts for district administrators regarding the Sandy Hook Elementary school tragedy. Administrators heard a lot of potential solutions or attempts at solutions. However, these proposals raise lengthy lists of implementation questions and issues that illustrate a lack of understanding of school operations,…

  11. 3. This machine in building #7 plated the hooks used ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    3. This machine in building #7 plated the hooks used on the cross chains in tire chains, by the 'pean' or mechanical process. This process was replaced when coated wire was introduced. - American Chain & Cable Company, East Princess Street (400 Block), York, York County, PA

  12. [Comparing the anchorage effects of micro-implant and J hook on treating patients with maxillary protrusion].

    PubMed

    Wu, Xin; Liu, Guo-yuan; Jiang, Yong-lian

    2015-10-01

    To investigate the differences in anchorage effects between micro-implants and J hook in treating patients with Class II division 1 maxillary protrusion. Thirty-one cases of adult patients with Class II division 1 maxillary protrusion were treated. They were divided into 2 groups depending on their selection. The first group included 17 patients for micro-implant anchorage, who adopted micro-implant and sliding mechanism to close maxillary extraction space and depress the mandibular molar. The second group encompassed 14 cases for J hook, who adopted sliding mechanism, J hooks in high traction and Class II intermaxillary traction to close extraction space. X-ray lateral cephalometric radiographs were measured before and after treatment, and SPSS16.0 software package was employed to compare the differences in soft and hard tissue changes before and after treatment between 2 groups. There were statistically significant differences in SNB, ANB, MP-FH, U1-Y, U6-Y, L6-MP, NLA, and UL-Y between the 2 groups before and after treatment, while there was no significant difference in SNA, U1-SN, U1-X, and U6-X between the 2 groups. In treating patients with Class II division 1 maxillary protrusion, micro-implant has stronger anchorage effects than J hook, while at the same time depressing the mandibular molars, and making it more favorable to improve Class II faces.

  13. Upfront dilution of ferritin samples to reduce hook effect, improve turnaround time and reduce costs.

    PubMed

    Wu, Shu Juan; Hayden, Joshua A

    2018-02-15

    Sandwich immunoassays offer advantages in the clinical laboratory but can yield erroneously low results due to hook (prozone) effect, especially with analytes whose concentrations span several orders of magnitude such as ferritin. This study investigated a new approach to reduce the likelihood of hook effect in ferritin immunoassays by performing upfront, five-fold dilutions of all samples for ferritin analysis. The impact of this change on turnaround time and costs were also investigated. Ferritin concentrations were analysed in routine clinical practice with and without upfront dilutions on Siemens Centaur® XP (Siemens Healthineers, Erlang, Germany) immunoanalysers. In addition, one month of baseline data (1026 results) were collected prior to implementing upfront dilutions and one month of data (1033 results) were collected after implementation. Without upfront dilutions, hook effect was observed in samples with ferritin concentrations as low as 86,028 µg/L. With upfront dilutions, samples with ferritin concentrations as high as 126,050 µg/L yielded values greater than the measurement interval and would have been diluted until an accurate value was obtained. The implementation of upfront dilution of ferritin samples led to a decrease in turnaround time from a median of 2 hours and 3 minutes to 1 hour and 18 minutes (P = 0.002). Implementation of upfront dilutions of all ferritin samples reduced the possibility of hook effect, improved turnaround time and saved the cost of performing additional dilutions.

  14. An improved process for development and testing of vena caval filters: the percutaneous steel Greenfield filter.

    PubMed

    Greenfield, L J; Proctor, M C; Roberts, K R

    1997-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to develop a reduced profile stainless steel Greenfield filter with an over-the-wire delivery system and to compare its performance with the existing Food and Drug Administration-approved Greenfield filters. In addition, we wanted to standardize a system for evaluating filter prototypes. Percutaneous stainless steel filters with various hook configurations were evaluated for efficacy and safety in four in vitro modules designed to reproduce potential liabilities experimentally. Animal studies to assess thrombus capture and resolution, filter stability, migration, and hemodynamics were completed in 4 dogs and 38 sheep. Mathematical modeling suggested that hook angle was the most relevant factor in improving resistance to migration. Prototypes that varied with respect to hook length and angle were evaluated in both the in vitro testing unit and in sheep. The stainless steel filter with two downward directed hooks provided clot capture comparable with the current Greenfield filter, maintenance of flow, and resistance to fatigue and corrosion while providing significant resistance to migration and penetration (p < 0.05). The percutaneous stainless steel Greenfield filter with the alternating hook design provides a reduced profile device that can be placed over a wire to improve positioning. The use of a standardized testing system reduced both the time and cost of bringing this new device to the market.

  15. The Handbook of Medical Image Perception and Techniques

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Samei, Ehsan; Krupinski, Elizabeth

    2014-07-01

    1. Medical image perception Ehsan Samei and Elizabeth Krupinski; Part I. Historical Reflections and Theoretical Foundations: 2. A short history of image perception in medical radiology Harold Kundel and Calvin Nodine; 3. Spatial vision research without noise Arthur Burgess; 4. Signal detection theory, a brief history Arthur Burgess; 5. Signal detection in radiology Arthur Burgess; 6. Lessons from dinners with the giants of modern image science Robert Wagner; Part II. Science of Image Perception: 7. Perceptual factors in reading medical images Elizabeth Krupinski; 8. Cognitive factors in reading medical images David Manning; 9. Satisfaction of search in traditional radiographic imaging Kevin Berbaum, Edmund Franken, Robert Caldwell and Kevin Schartz; 10. The role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation Calvin Nodine and Claudia Mello-Thoms; 11. A primer of image quality and its perceptual relevance Robert Saunders and Ehsan Samei; 12. Beyond the limitations of human vision Maria Petrou; Part III. Perception Metrology: 13. Logistical issues in designing perception experiments Ehsan Samei and Xiang Li; 14. ROC analysis: basic concepts and practical applications Georgia Tourassi; 15. Multi-reader ROC Steve Hillis; 16. Recent developments in FROC methodology Dev Chakraborty; 17. Observer models as a surrogate to perception experiments Craig Abbey and Miguel Eckstein; 18. Implementation of observer models Matthew Kupinski; Part IV. Decision Support and Computer Aided Detection: 19. CAD: an image perception perspective Maryellen Giger and Weijie Chen; 20. Common designs of CAD studies Yulei Jiang; 21. Perceptual effect of CAD in reading chest images Matthew Freedman and Teresa Osicka; 22. Perceptual issues in mammography and CAD Michael Ulissey; 23. How perceptual factors affect the use and accuracy of CAD for interpretation of CT images Ronald Summers; 24. CAD: risks and benefits for radiologists' decisions Eugenio Alberdi, Andrey Povyakalo, Lorenzo Strigini and Peter Ayton; Part V. Optimization and Practical Issues: 25. Optimization of 2D and 3D radiographic systems Jeff Siewerdson; 26. Applications of AFC methodology in optimization of CT imaging systems Kent Ogden and Walter Huda; 27. Perceptual issues in reading mammograms Margarita Zuley; 28. Perceptual optimization of display processing techniques Richard Van Metter; 29. Optimization of display systems Elizabeth Krupinski and Hans Roehrig; 30. Ergonomic radiologist workplaces in the PACS environment Carl Zylack; Part VI. Epilogue: 31. Future prospects of medical image perception Ehsan Samei and Elizabeth Krupinski; Index.

  16. The Handbook of Medical Image Perception and Techniques

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Samei, Ehsan; Krupinski, Elizabeth

    2009-12-01

    1. Medical image perception Ehsan Samei and Elizabeth Krupinski; Part I. Historical Reflections and Theoretical Foundations: 2. A short history of image perception in medical radiology Harold Kundel and Calvin Nodine; 3. Spatial vision research without noise Arthur Burgess; 4. Signal detection theory, a brief history Arthur Burgess; 5. Signal detection in radiology Arthur Burgess; 6. Lessons from dinners with the giants of modern image science Robert Wagner; Part II. Science of Image Perception: 7. Perceptual factors in reading medical images Elizabeth Krupinski; 8. Cognitive factors in reading medical images David Manning; 9. Satisfaction of search in traditional radiographic imaging Kevin Berbaum, Edmund Franken, Robert Caldwell and Kevin Schartz; 10. The role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation Calvin Nodine and Claudia Mello-Thoms; 11. A primer of image quality and its perceptual relevance Robert Saunders and Ehsan Samei; 12. Beyond the limitations of human vision Maria Petrou; Part III. Perception Metrology: 13. Logistical issues in designing perception experiments Ehsan Samei and Xiang Li; 14. ROC analysis: basic concepts and practical applications Georgia Tourassi; 15. Multi-reader ROC Steve Hillis; 16. Recent developments in FROC methodology Dev Chakraborty; 17. Observer models as a surrogate to perception experiments Craig Abbey and Miguel Eckstein; 18. Implementation of observer models Matthew Kupinski; Part IV. Decision Support and Computer Aided Detection: 19. CAD: an image perception perspective Maryellen Giger and Weijie Chen; 20. Common designs of CAD studies Yulei Jiang; 21. Perceptual effect of CAD in reading chest images Matthew Freedman and Teresa Osicka; 22. Perceptual issues in mammography and CAD Michael Ulissey; 23. How perceptual factors affect the use and accuracy of CAD for interpretation of CT images Ronald Summers; 24. CAD: risks and benefits for radiologists' decisions Eugenio Alberdi, Andrey Povyakalo, Lorenzo Strigini and Peter Ayton; Part V. Optimization and Practical Issues: 25. Optimization of 2D and 3D radiographic systems Jeff Siewerdson; 26. Applications of AFC methodology in optimization of CT imaging systems Kent Ogden and Walter Huda; 27. Perceptual issues in reading mammograms Margarita Zuley; 28. Perceptual optimization of display processing techniques Richard Van Metter; 29. Optimization of display systems Elizabeth Krupinski and Hans Roehrig; 30. Ergonomic radiologist workplaces in the PACS environment Carl Zylack; Part VI. Epilogue: 31. Future prospects of medical image perception Ehsan Samei and Elizabeth Krupinski; Index.

  17. 77 FR 40609 - Robert D. Willis Power Rate

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-10

    ... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Southwestern Power Administration Robert D. Willis Power Rate AGENCY... proposed Robert D. Willis rate schedule, which is supported by a power repayment study, to recover the... existing Robert D. Willis rate for the period October 1, 2008 through September 30, 2012. See 127 FERC...

  18. 49 CFR 571.225 - Standard No. 225; Child restraint anchorage systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... strength steel tether hook for attachment to the tether anchorage. The tether hook meets the specifications... systems to ensure their proper location and strength for the effective securing of child restraints, to... manufactured on or after September 1, 1999, shall comply with the configuration, location, marking and strength...

  19. 49 CFR 571.225 - Standard No. 225; Child restraint anchorage systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... strength steel tether hook for attachment to the tether anchorage. The tether hook meets the specifications... systems to ensure their proper location and strength for the effective securing of child restraints, to... manufactured on or after September 1, 1999, shall comply with the configuration, location, marking and strength...

  20. 49 CFR 571.225 - Standard No. 225; Child restraint anchorage systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... strength steel tether hook for attachment to the tether anchorage. The tether hook meets the specifications... systems to ensure their proper location and strength for the effective securing of child restraints, to... manufactured on or after September 1, 1999, shall comply with the configuration, location, marking and strength...

  1. 36 CFR 7.34 - Blue Ridge Parkway.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Parkway boundary the use of bait other than single hook artificial flies is prohibited. (B) On all of the... single hook is prohibited. (B) On the above-designated water in Virginia the daily creel and size limits... winter bird and wildlife counts, and depending on local weather conditions, the Superintendent may allow...

  2. 36 CFR 7.34 - Blue Ridge Parkway.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Parkway boundary the use of bait other than single hook artificial flies is prohibited. (B) On all of the... single hook is prohibited. (B) On the above-designated water in Virginia the daily creel and size limits... winter bird and wildlife counts, and depending on local weather conditions, the Superintendent may allow...

  3. Tool Releases Optical Elements From Spring Brackets

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gum, J. S.

    1984-01-01

    Threaded hooks retract bracket arms holding element. Tool uses three hooks with threaded shanks mounted in ring-shaped holder to pull on tabs to release optical element. One person can easily insert or remove optical element (such as prism or lens) from spring holder or bracket with minimal risk of damage.

  4. 39. VIEW OF TRAINEE EMERGING FROM ON THE AIR LOCKS ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    39. VIEW OF TRAINEE EMERGING FROM ON THE AIR LOCKS INTO THE SUBMARINE ESCAPE TRAINING TANK. HIGH HOOKS STRADDLES DOOR AT LEFT, WHILE LOW HOOKS ASSISTS TRAINEE No date - U.S. Naval Submarine Base, New London Submarine Escape Training Tank, Albacore & Darter Roads, Groton, New London County, CT

  5. 40. VIEW LOOKING IN TANK JUST OUTSIDE DOOR TO AIR ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    40. VIEW LOOKING IN TANK JUST OUTSIDE DOOR TO AIR LOCK. HIGH HOOKS IS POSITIONING THE STEINKE HOOD ON THE TRAINEE, WHILE LOW HOOKS HOLDS HIM IN PLACE No date - U.S. Naval Submarine Base, New London Submarine Escape Training Tank, Albacore & Darter Roads, Groton, New London County, CT

  6. Haptic Distal Spatial Perception Mediated by Strings: Haptic "Looming"

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cabe, Patrick A.

    2011-01-01

    Five experiments tested a haptic analog of optical looming, demonstrating string-mediated haptic distal spatial perception. Horizontally collinear hooks supported a weighted string held taut by a blindfolded participant's finger midway between the hooks. At the finger, the angle between string segments increased as the finger approached…

  7. 50 CFR 300.61 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    .... IFQ halibut means any halibut that is harvested with setline or other hook and line gear while... hooks attached. Sport fishing means: (1) In regulatory area 2A, all fishing other than commercial... permit for purposes of §§ 300.66 and 300.67, means the charter halibut permit that is currently in effect...

  8. 50 CFR 300.61 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... any halibut that is harvested with setline or other hook and line gear while commercial fishing in any..., territory, or country. Setline gear means one or more stationary, buoyed, and anchored lines with hooks....67, means the charter halibut permit that is currently in effect. [61 FR 35550, July 5, 1996, as...

  9. 50 CFR 300.61 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... any halibut that is harvested with setline or other hook and line gear while commercial fishing in any..., territory, or country. Setline gear means one or more stationary, buoyed, and anchored lines with hooks....67, means the charter halibut permit that is currently in effect. [61 FR 35550, July 5, 1996, as...

  10. 50 CFR 300.61 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... any halibut that is harvested with setline or other hook and line gear while commercial fishing in any..., territory, or country. Setline gear means one or more stationary, buoyed, and anchored lines with hooks....67, means the charter halibut permit that is currently in effect. [61 FR 35550, July 5, 1996, as...

  11. The Mystery Begins

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Harrington, LaDawna

    2008-01-01

    All teachers and media specialists are looking for the "hook" that will engage their students and make them want to learn--and according to the author, mystery stories are a perfect way to create that hook. Here, she presents a unit on mysteries, intended for collaboration between media specialists and language arts teachers. The unit uses…

  12. Integrated, Kerberized Login on MacOS X

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hotz, Henry B.

    2006-01-01

    Context for this information. MacOS X login process and available hooks. Authorization Services configuration. Authorization Services plug-in s. Kerberos plug-in s. Other bugs and recommendations. Authorization Services Called by loginwindow, screen saver and fast user switching. It calls Directory Services, Login Hook, and Login Items (System Preferences).

  13. 46 CFR 31.10-16 - Inspection and certification of cargo gear-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...; (4) Certification of the testing and examination of chains, rings, hooks, shackles, swivels, and blocks; (5) Certification of the testing and examination of wire rope; (6) Certification of the heat treatment of chains, rings, hooks, shackles, and swivels which require such treatment; and, (7...

  14. 46 CFR 31.10-16 - Inspection and certification of cargo gear-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...; (4) Certification of the testing and examination of chains, rings, hooks, shackles, swivels, and blocks; (5) Certification of the testing and examination of wire rope; (6) Certification of the heat treatment of chains, rings, hooks, shackles, and swivels which require such treatment; and, (7...

  15. 46 CFR 31.10-16 - Inspection and certification of cargo gear-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...; (4) Certification of the testing and examination of chains, rings, hooks, shackles, swivels, and blocks; (5) Certification of the testing and examination of wire rope; (6) Certification of the heat treatment of chains, rings, hooks, shackles, and swivels which require such treatment; and, (7...

  16. 29 CFR 1919.31 - Proof tests-loose gear.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... safe working load. Hand-operated blocks used with pitched chains and rings, hooks, shackles or swivels... (a) of this section, and before being taken into use, all chains, rings, hooks, shackles, blocks or... Persons § 1919.31 Proof tests—loose gear. (a) Chains, rings, shackles and other loose gear (whether...

  17. 29 CFR 1919.31 - Proof tests-loose gear.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... safe working load. Hand-operated blocks used with pitched chains and rings, hooks, shackles or swivels... (a) of this section, and before being taken into use, all chains, rings, hooks, shackles, blocks or... Persons § 1919.31 Proof tests—loose gear. (a) Chains, rings, shackles and other loose gear (whether...

  18. 29 CFR 1919.31 - Proof tests-loose gear.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... safe working load. Hand-operated blocks used with pitched chains and rings, hooks, shackles or swivels... (a) of this section, and before being taken into use, all chains, rings, hooks, shackles, blocks or... Persons § 1919.31 Proof tests—loose gear. (a) Chains, rings, shackles and other loose gear (whether...

  19. 46 CFR 31.10-16 - Inspection and certification of cargo gear-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...; (4) Certification of the testing and examination of chains, rings, hooks, shackles, swivels, and blocks; (5) Certification of the testing and examination of wire rope; (6) Certification of the heat treatment of chains, rings, hooks, shackles, and swivels which require such treatment; and, (7...

  20. 46 CFR 31.10-16 - Inspection and certification of cargo gear-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...; (4) Certification of the testing and examination of chains, rings, hooks, shackles, swivels, and blocks; (5) Certification of the testing and examination of wire rope; (6) Certification of the heat treatment of chains, rings, hooks, shackles, and swivels which require such treatment; and, (7...

  1. 29 CFR 1919.31 - Proof tests-loose gear.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... safe working load. Hand-operated blocks used with pitched chains and rings, hooks, shackles or swivels... (a) of this section, and before being taken into use, all chains, rings, hooks, shackles, blocks or... Persons § 1919.31 Proof tests—loose gear. (a) Chains, rings, shackles and other loose gear (whether...

  2. 29 CFR 1919.31 - Proof tests-loose gear.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... safe working load. Hand-operated blocks used with pitched chains and rings, hooks, shackles or swivels... (a) of this section, and before being taken into use, all chains, rings, hooks, shackles, blocks or... Persons § 1919.31 Proof tests—loose gear. (a) Chains, rings, shackles and other loose gear (whether...

  3. Getting to Negotiations in Syria: The Shadow of the Future and the Syrian Civil War

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-01-01

    parties are that there will be a tomorrow, the more willing they will become to talk about it. As Robert Axelrod and Robert O. Keohane write, “The more...N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2002. 35 Walter, 1997, p. 335. 36 Walter, 1997, p. 336. 37 Robert Axelrod and Robert O. Keohane , “Achieving...sovereign states may choose to cooperate under conditions of anarchy. According to Robert Axel- The literature has focused on conditions prior to or

  4. Obituary: Thomas C. Van Flandern (1940-2009)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dunham, David; Slabinski, Victor

    2011-12-01

    Dr. Thomas Charles Van Flandern, an expert in celestial mechanics and cosmology, died January 9, 2009 in Seattle, Washington, of colon cancer. He was 68. Van Flandern was an astronomer at the U.S. Naval Observatory from 1963 to 1983. He developed software to predict and analyze lunar occultations to improve lunar orbital and fundamental star catalog data. In later years he championed increasingly controversial theories. But his 1978 prediction that some asteroids have natural satellites, which was almost universally rejected, was verified when the Galileo spacecraft photographed Dactyl, a satellite of (243) Ida, during its flyby in 1993. Besides astronomy and computers, he had strong interests in biochemistry and nutrition, and he ran a business selling personal computers in the 1980s. Tom Van Flandern was born June 26, 1940 in Cleveland, Ohio, the first child of Robert F. Van Flandern and Anna Mary Haley. His father, a police officer, left the family when Tom Van Flandern was 5. His mother died when he was 16; he and his siblings then lived with their grandmother, Margery Jobe, until he went to college. Tom Van Flandern became interested in astronomy as a child. He used his first telescope, purchased with newspaper delivery earnings, to observe lunar occultations, and then learned how to predict them, sparking a life-long passion for dynamical astronomy. While attending St. Ignatius High School, Van Flandern and fellow student Thomas Petrie organized the Cleveland Moonwatch team to observe the first artificial satellites, the only team without an adult organizer. In 1958, Tom Van Flandern entered Xavier University where he led the Cincinnati Moonwatch team. He learned computer programming at a summer job with General Electric and wrote software to calculate "look angles" from orbital elements. The Cincinnati team became a top producer of observations using these predictions. Tom obtained a B.S. in mathematics from Xavier in 1962. He spent the next year at Georgetown University studying astronomy. On July 6, 1963, Tom Van Flandern married Barbara Ann Weber in Kentucky. They remained together until his passing 46 years later. They had four children, Michael, Constance, Brian, and Kevin. Also in 1963, Tom began work in the Nautical Almanac Office of the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington, DC. He became an expert on refining the lunar orbit from timings of lunar occultations, then the best observations for that purpose. He encouraged observations by providing observers with predictions of occultations for their locations. He designed a cable system connecting all observers timing a grazing occultation, to record their observations at a central station. After a 1964 success, four amateur astronomical societies built similar cable systems. Tom Van Flandern relished efforts to simplify computer calculations. He and Henry Fliegel developed an algorithm to calculate a Julian date from a Gregorian date that would fit on a single IBM card. They published this in a paper, "A machine algorithm for processing calendar dates" in 1968 in the Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery. This was used in countless business applications worldwide. With Kenneth Pulkkinen, he published "Low precision formulae for planetary positions", in Ap. J. Supp. in 1979. The paper set a record for the number of reprints requested from that journal. Tom Van Flandern earned a PhD in astronomy from Yale University in 1969. His thesis was "A discussion of 1950-1968 occultations of stars by the Moon," advised by Prof. G. M. Clemence. In 1976 Van Flandern asserted that the orbits of 60 long-period comets traced to a common origin, supporting Michael Ovenden's exploded planet hypothesis. He founded the non-profit Meta Research, Inc. in 1990 to provide support for alternative theories in astronomy. The Meta Research Bulletin reported the newest discoveries and how they presented difficulties to accepted astronomical theories, such as the Big Bang and planetary formation. The Bulletin claimed mainstream scientists preferred making ad hoc corrections to the theories rather than acknowledge fundamental difficulties that might jeopardize their funding. Tom Van Flandern's advocacy of an artificial origin for the "face on Mars," especially after higher-resolution images were taken in 2001, antagonized many. His questioning of the speed of gravity, first published in a 1998 paper in Physics Letters A, provoked additional attacks from relativists. He showed the same persistence with these controversies that had enabled him to solve complex programming and celestial mechanics problems. Tom Van Flandern did not reject General Relativity as some have asserted, but rather rejected its geometrical interpretation. He said: "General relativity has a geometric and a field interpretation. If angular momentum conservation is invoked in the geometric interpretation to explain experiments, the causality principle is violated. The field interpretation avoids this problem by allowing faster-than-light propagation in forward time." For more, see http://www.metaresearch.org/cosmology/gravity/speed_limit.asp. Tom Van Flandern strongly attacked some alternative theories, such as Velikovsky's ideas of recent planetary close approaches, turning one of Velikovsky's supporters, C. L. Ellenberger, into a strong critic. If not for these antagonisms, the "mainstream" part of Tom Van Flandern's work in later years might be better acknowledged, including his "Eclipse Edge" company that organized expeditions to several solar eclipses, and his work with E. Lyytinen on the passage of Earth through cometary debris trails. Their prediction was closest to the observed time of the Leonid storm maximum of November 2001. Tom Van Flandern held memberships in the International Astronomical Union, the American Astronomical Society (and in its Divisions on Dynamical Astronomy and Planetary Sciences), and several other scientific organizations. He received second prize from the Gravity Research Foundation in 1974 and the Astronomy Award from the Washington Academy of Sciences in 2000. An asteroid, (52266) 1986 AD, was named "Van Flandern" in his memory on February 9, 2009. Tom Van Flandern's survivors include his wife, Barbara; his brother William; and his four children. He was buried in Sequim, Washington, near his last home. His inquisitive mind, unshakable integrity, and boundless enthusiasm are remembered fondly by his friends and colleagues. He left behind a valuable legacy of astronomical work. More is at http://www.metaresearch.org/home/about meta research/resume.asp and in his 1999 book, "Dark Matter, Missing Planets and New Comets."

  5. On the reliability of hook echoes as tornado indicators

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Forbes, G. S.

    1981-01-01

    A study of radar echoes associated with the tornadoes of the 3 April 1974 outbreak was performed to evaluate the usefulness of echo shape as an indicator of tornadic thunderstorms. The hook shape was usually successful in characterizing an echo as tornadic, with a false alarm rate of 16%. Because hook echoes were relatively rare, however, a less restrictive shape called distinctive was more successful at detecting tornadic thunderstorms, identifying 65% of the tornadic echoes. An echo had a distinctive shape if it possessed a marked appendage on its right rear flank or was in the shape of a spiral, comma or line echo wave pattern (LEWP). Characteristics of the distinctive echo are given.

  6. Content Analysis of Select YouTube Postings: Comparisons of Reactions to the Sandy Hook and Aurora Shootings and Hurricane Sandy.

    PubMed

    Miller, Eric D

    2015-11-01

    This study details an innovative and methodical content analysis of 2,207 YouTube comments from four different YouTube videos (e.g., breaking news or memorials) related to the 2012 Sandy Hook Elementary School and Aurora theater mass shootings and the catastrophic Hurricane Sandy. As expected, YouTube comments associated with the Sandy Hook shootings (particularly those from a memorial video) were especially likely to feature compassion and grief with lessened hostility. This study highlights differing online contexts by which individuals show grief and related emotions following man-made and natural calamities and how-even in an online environment-powerful situational contexts greatly guide behavior.

  7. Fabric panel clean change-out frame

    DOEpatents

    Brown, Ronald M.

    1995-01-31

    A fabric panel clean change-out frame, for use on a containment structure having rigid walls, is formed of a compression frame and a closure panel. The frame is formed of elongated spacers, each carrying a plurality of closely spaced flat springs, and each having a hooked lip extending on the side of the spring facing the spacer. The closure panel is includes a perimeter frame formed of flexible, wedge-shaped frame members that are receivable under the springs to deflect the hooked lips. A groove on the flexible frame members engages the hooked lips and locks the frame members in place under the springs. A flexible fabric panel is connected to the flexible frame members and closes its center.

  8. Multiple piece turbine airfoil

    DOEpatents

    Kimmel, Keith D

    2010-11-09

    A turbine airfoil, such as a rotor blade or a stator vane, for a gas turbine engine, the airfoil formed as a shell and spar construction with a plurality of hook shaped struts each mounted within channels extending in a spanwise direction of the spar and the shell to allow for relative motion between the spar and shell in the airfoil chordwise direction while also fanning a seal between adjacent cooling channels. The struts provide the seal as well as prevent bulging of the shell from the spar due to the cooling air pressure. The hook struts have a hooked shaped end and a rounded shaped end in order to insert the struts into the spar.

  9. 76 FR 48898 - Robert Leigh Kale, M.D., Decision and Order

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-09

    ... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Drug Enforcement Administration Robert Leigh Kale, M.D., Decision and Order... Enforcement Administration, issued an Order to Show Cause to Robert Leigh Kale, M.D. (Registrant), of Fort... Certificate of Registration, BK9514375, issued to Robert Leigh Kale, M.D., be, and it hereby is, revoked. I...

  10. Robert Preus | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    | 303-384-7284 Robert's expertise is in design and manufacture of small and midsized wind generators certification support for small wind manufacturers. Robert has 28 years of experience in wind energy. He led the section for wind in the National Electrical Code. In 2010, Robert received the Small Wind Advocate award

  11. Radiographic Assessment of the Robert and Lateral Views in Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthrosis.

    PubMed

    Oheb, Jonathan; Lansinger, Yuri; Jansen, Joshua A; Nguyen, Jimmy Q; Porembski, Margaret A; Rayan, Ghazi M

    2015-01-01

    To evaluate the effectiveness of the Robert view in assessing trapeziometacarpal arthrosis and to compare the accuracy of the Robert and lateral views in staging trapeziometacarpal (TM) joint arthrosis. Patient demographics were obtained. Four participating raters reviewed 62 randomly selected thumb x-rays of patients presenting with thumb TM joint pain. Lateral and Robert-hyperpronation views were assessed using an analysis of 13 criteria. X-rays of 62 thumbs for 58 patients were evaluated. The average patients' age was 64 (47-87) and 51 (80%) were females. The majority of X-rays evaluated fell into stage 3. Stage 2 was the second most common level of arthritis encountered and the least was stage 1. More osteophytes were encountered in the trapezium than metacarpal on both the Robert and lateral views. The Robert view was superior in detecting osteophytes on the trapezium than the lateral view. Osteophyte size varied from 1.7 to 2 mm. The lateral view displayed 61 cases with dorsal metacarpal subluxation (98%). The Robert view displayed 48 cases (77%) with radial metacarpal subluxation and 9 cases (15%) with ulnar metacarpal subluxation. Thumb metacarpal adduction deformity was encountered on the lateral view in 20 cases (32%) whereas on the Robert view it was encountered in 14 cases (23%). Subchondral sclerosis was encountered on the Robert view in 56 thumbs (90%) while it was seen on the lateral view in 52 thumbs (84%). Pantrapezial arthritis involving the STT joint was encountered equally in 16 cases (26%) on the Robert view and the lateral views. The study found a moderate level of interrater reliability on both the lateral and Robert views. With the exception of osteophytes encountered on the trapezium versus the metacarpal, there were no other statistically significant findings. This study confirms that each of the Robert and lateral views offer unique information and combining both views enhances the ability to assess radiographic disease severity, and should be the recommended set of X-rays for assessing TM osteoarthrosis.

  12. Cheating, Hooking Up, and Attention to Romantic Alternatives among College Students

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Buri, John R.; Cromett, Cristina E.; Pappas, Sarah J.

    2014-01-01

    While numerous studies have emphasized more situational factors related to cheating, hooking up, and attention to romantic alternatives (e.g., alcohol use, need fulfillment, opportunity), the present findings support Finkel el al.'s (2012) argument for greater attentiveness to personal factors intrinsic to the individual that may influence…

  13. 76 FR 12606 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher Vessels Less Than 60...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-08

    ... Catcher Vessels Less Than 60 Feet (18.3 m) Length Overall Using Jig or Hook-and-Line Gear in the Bogoslof... less than 60 feet (18.3 m) length overall (LOA) using jig or hook-and-line gear in the Bogoslof Pacific...

  14. 75 FR 8841 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher Vessels Less Than 60...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-26

    ... Vessels Less Than 60 feet (18.3 m) Length Overall Using Jig or Hook-and-Line Gear in the Bogoslof Pacific... less than 60 feet (18.3 m) length overall (LOA) using jig or hook-and-line gear in the Bogoslof Pacific...

  15. 46 CFR 160.061-3 - Design and construction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...) Leaders. Wire leaders shall be of stainless steel, and shall be attached to snaps and swivels with not less than six turns of wire. Monofilament leaders shall be blue mist and shall be provided with a 5/8... otherwise specified, all hooks shall be of forged steel, hollow ground with filed out points. The hooks...

  16. 46 CFR 160.061-3 - Design and construction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...) Leaders. Wire leaders shall be of stainless steel, and shall be attached to snaps and swivels with not less than six turns of wire. Monofilament leaders shall be blue mist and shall be provided with a 5/8... otherwise specified, all hooks shall be of forged steel, hollow ground with filed out points. The hooks...

  17. 50 CFR 600.10 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... fishing gear consisting of a float and one or more lines suspended therefrom. A hook or hooks are on the... live fish on board a vessel. Center means one of the five NMFS Fisheries Science Centers. Charter boat... carry six or fewer passengers for hire. Coast Guard Commander means one of the commanding officers of...

  18. 50 CFR 600.10 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... consisting of a float and one or more lines suspended therefrom. A hook or hooks are on the lines at or near... live fish on board a vessel. Center means one of the five NMFS Fisheries Science Centers. Charter boat... carry six or fewer passengers for hire. Coast Guard Commander means one of the commanding officers of...

  19. 50 CFR 600.10 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... fishing gear consisting of a float and one or more lines suspended therefrom. A hook or hooks are on the... live fish on board a vessel. Center means one of the five NMFS Fisheries Science Centers. Charter boat... carry six or fewer passengers for hire. Coast Guard Commander means one of the commanding officers of...

  20. 50 CFR 600.10 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... fishing gear consisting of a float and one or more lines suspended therefrom. A hook or hooks are on the... live fish on board a vessel. Center means one of the five NMFS Fisheries Science Centers. Charter boat... carry six or fewer passengers for hire. Coast Guard Commander means one of the commanding officers of...

  1. 50 CFR 600.10 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... fishing gear consisting of a float and one or more lines suspended therefrom. A hook or hooks are on the... live fish on board a vessel. Center means one of the five NMFS Fisheries Science Centers. Charter boat... carry six or fewer passengers for hire. Coast Guard Commander means one of the commanding officers of...

  2. 46 CFR 170.125 - Operating information for a vessel engaged in lifting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... is not counterballasted, stability information setting forth hook load limits corresponding to boom...) Instructions on the effect of the free surface of the counterballast water. (2) Instructions on the amounts of counterballast needed to compensate for hook load heeling moments. (3) If a vessel has fixed counterballast, a...

  3. 46 CFR 170.125 - Operating information for a vessel engaged in lifting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... is not counterballasted, stability information setting forth hook load limits corresponding to boom...) Instructions on the effect of the free surface of the counterballast water. (2) Instructions on the amounts of counterballast needed to compensate for hook load heeling moments. (3) If a vessel has fixed counterballast, a...

  4. 46 CFR 170.125 - Operating information for a vessel engaged in lifting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... is not counterballasted, stability information setting forth hook load limits corresponding to boom...) Instructions on the effect of the free surface of the counterballast water. (2) Instructions on the amounts of counterballast needed to compensate for hook load heeling moments. (3) If a vessel has fixed counterballast, a...

  5. 46 CFR 170.125 - Operating information for a vessel engaged in lifting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... is not counterballasted, stability information setting forth hook load limits corresponding to boom...) Instructions on the effect of the free surface of the counterballast water. (2) Instructions on the amounts of counterballast needed to compensate for hook load heeling moments. (3) If a vessel has fixed counterballast, a...

  6. 46 CFR 170.125 - Operating information for a vessel engaged in lifting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... is not counterballasted, stability information setting forth hook load limits corresponding to boom...) Instructions on the effect of the free surface of the counterballast water. (2) Instructions on the amounts of counterballast needed to compensate for hook load heeling moments. (3) If a vessel has fixed counterballast, a...

  7. 77 FR 34331 - Western Pacific Pelagic Fisheries; Revised Swordfish Trip Limits in the Hawaii Deep-Set Longline...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-11

    ... Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) prepared a regulatory amendment, including an environmental... swordfish. This would support the National Standards for fishery management in Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act. The predominant hook types used in the deep-set fishery are tuna hooks...

  8. The Four U's: Latent Classes of Hookup Motivations Among College Students

    PubMed Central

    Uecker, Jeremy E.; Pearce, Lisa D.; Andercheck, Brita

    2016-01-01

    College students’ “hookups” have been the subject of a great deal of research in recent years. Motivations for hooking up have been linked to differences in well-being after the hookup, but studies detailing college students’ motivations for engaging in hookups focus on single motivations. Using data from the 2010 Duke Hookup Survey, we consider how motivations for hooking up cluster to produce different classes, or profiles, of students who hook up, and how these classes are related to hookup regret. Four distinct classes of motivations emerged from our latent class analysis: Utilitarians (50%), Uninhibiteds (27%), Uninspireds (19%), and Unreflectives (4%). We find a number of differences in hookup motivation classes across social characteristics, including gender, year in school, race-ethnicity, self-esteem, and attitudes about sexual behavior outside committed relationships. Additionally, Uninspireds regret hookups more frequently than members of the other classes, and Uninhibiteds report regret less frequently than Utilitarians and Uninspireds. These findings reveal the complexity of motivations for hooking up and the link between motivations and regret. PMID:27066516

  9. Use of the chop hook to stabilize the capsular bag in patients with crystalline lens dislocations and cataracts.

    PubMed

    Zeng, Yanfeng; Fan, Licheng; Lu, Peirong

    2017-04-01

    Objective To observe the treatment effects of chop hook-assisted phacoemulsification surgery in patients with crystalline lens dislocation. Methods Thirty-seven eyes with cataracts and crystalline lens dislocations underwent cataract surgery. An L-shaped chop hook was introduced into the anterior chamber, and the tip was pushed or pulled to the centre of the anterior capsular edge of the zonular dialysis during the cataract operation. Postoperative follow-up was conducted for ≥ 1 month. Results All patients' postoperative visual abilities improved except one patient with glaucoma. One patient who underwent -5D intraocular lens implantation exhibited vision of 1/50. Visual acuity was less than 6/20 in 6 eyes, 6/20 to 10/20 in 7 eyes, and greater than 10/20 in 22 eyes. Conclusions L-shaped chop hooks can be used to push or pull the anterior capsular edge of the zonular dialysis for protection and avoidance of further zonular damage. This strategy provides satisfactory effects and reduces use of additional instruments.

  10. Pathology and distribution of sea turtles landed as bycatch in the Hawaii-based North Pacific pelagic longline fishery

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Work, Thierry M.; Balazs, George H.

    2010-01-01

    We examined the gross and microscopic pathology and distribution of sea turtles that were landed as bycatch from the Hawaii, USA–based pelagic longline fishery and known to be forced submerged. Olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) composed the majority of animals examined, and hook-induced perforation of the esophagus was the most common gross lesion followed by perforation of oral structures (tongue, canthus) and of flippers. Gross pathology in the lungs suggestive of drowning was seen in 23 of 71 turtles. Considering only the external gross findings, the pathologist and the observer on board the longline vessel agreed on hook-induced lesions only 60% of the time thereby illustrating the limitations of depending on external examination alone to implicate hooking interactions or drowning as potential cause of sea turtle mortality. When comparing histology of drowned turtles to a control group of nondrowned turtles, the former had significantly more pulmonary edema, hemorrhage, and sloughed columnar epithelium. These microscopic changes may prove useful to diagnose suspected drowning in sea turtles where history of hooking or netting interactions is unknown.

  11. Spectroscopic Analyses of the "Blue Hook" Stars in Omega Centauri: A Test of the Late Hot Flasher Scenario

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Moehler, S.; Sweigart, Allan V.; Landsman, W. B.; Dreizler, S.; Rabin, Douglas M. (Technical Monitor)

    2002-01-01

    (Omega) Cen contains the largest population of very hot horizontal branch (HB) stars known in a globular cluster. Recent UV observations (Whitney et al. 1998; D'Cruz et al. 2000) show a significant population of hot stars below the zero-age horizontal branch ("blue hook" stars), which cannot be explained by canonical stellar evolution. Stars which suffer unusually large mass loss on the red giant branch and thus experience the helium core flash while descending the white dwarf cooling curve could populate this region. Theory predicts that these "late hot flashers" should show higher temperatures than the hottest canonical HB stars and should have helium- and carbon-rich atmospheres. We obtained and analysed medium resolution spectra of a sample of blue hook stars to derive their atmospheric parameters. The blue hook stars are indeed both hotter (T(sub eff)>35,000 K) and more helium-rich than classical extreme HB stars. In addition we find indications for a large enhancement of the carbon abundance relative to the cluster abundance.

  12. Using a bioenergetic model to assess growth reduction from catch-and-release fishing and hooking injury in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Meka, Julie M.; Margraf, F.J.

    2007-01-01

    A bioenergetic model was used to predict the potential effects of feeding cessation caused by catch-and-release capture and a reduction in feeding efficiency from hooking injuries on rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), growth in southwest Alaska, USA. Simulations indicated that a 1-day feeding cessation for a rainbow trout captured one to two times during summer months resulted in deviations from expected growth of −3% to −15%. To represent debilitating hooking injuries, the proportion of the maximum feeding potential was decreased by 5–50% resulting in deviations from expected growth of −9% to −164%. Simulated growth effects were most prominent from captures during months when salmon eggs and flesh constituted the majority of the trout diet. Simulated growth effects from reduced foraging efficiency were most prominent when hooking injuries occurred early in the fishing season. These simulations suggest that rainbow trout are most vulnerable to decreases in growth when salmon are abundant and spawning and, coincidentally, during the months when most fishing occurs.

  13. [Clavicular hook plate combined with suture anchor for the treatment of type Tossy III chronic acromioclavicular dislocation].

    PubMed

    Xu, Zhi-Bin; Wang, Jin

    2014-05-01

    To observe the clinical effects of clavicular hook plate combined with suture anchor in treating type Tossy III chronic acromioclavicular dislocation. From January 2008 to December 2012,18 patients with type Tossy III chronic acromioclavicular dislocation were treated with clavicular hook plate and suture anchor. There were 12 males and 6 females, aged from 20 to 56 years old with an average of 31.5 years. Ten cases were left dislocation and 8 cases were right dislocation. Operation time was 3 weeks to 4 months after injury with a mean of 1.8 months. Functional exercise was adopted 2 weeks after operation. And Karlsson standard was used to evaluate curative effect. All patients were followed up for 6 to 24 months with an average of 16 months. According to Karlsson standard, 17 cases were excellent and 1 was poor. Clavicular hook plate combined with suture anchor can repair conoid ligament and trapezoid ligament in treating type Tossy III chronic acromioclavicular dislocation, and had advantages of simple operation, less trauma, stable fixation, it can obtain satisfactory effects.

  14. SLIPPING MAGNETIC RECONNECTIONS WITH MULTIPLE FLARE RIBBONS DURING AN X-CLASS SOLAR FLARE

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zheng, Ruisheng; Chen, Yao; Wang, Bing, E-mail: ruishengzheng@sdu.edu.cn

    2016-06-01

    With the observations of the Solar Dynamics Observatory , we present the slipping magnetic reconnections with multiple flare ribbons (FRs) during an X1.2 eruptive flare on 2014 January 7. A center negative polarity was surrounded by several positive ones, and three FRs appeared. The three FRs showed apparent slipping motions, and hook structures formed at their ends. Due to the moving footpoints of the erupting structures, one tight semi-circular hook disappeared after the slippage along its inner and outer edges, and coronal dimmings formed within the hook. The east hook also faded as a result of the magnetic reconnection betweenmore » the arcades of a remote filament and a hot loop that was impulsively heated by the under flare loops. Our results are accordant with the slipping magnetic reconnection regime in three-dimensional standard model for eruptive flares. We suggest that the complex structures of the flare are likely a consequence of the more complex flux distribution in the photosphere, and the eruption involves at least two magnetic reconnections.« less

  15. CT fluoroscopy-guided preoperative short hook wire placement for small pulmonary lesions: evaluation of safety and identification of risk factors for pneumothorax.

    PubMed

    Iguchi, Toshihiro; Hiraki, Takao; Gobara, Hideo; Fujiwara, Hiroyasu; Matsui, Yusuke; Miyoshi, Shinichiro; Kanazawa, Susumu

    2016-01-01

    To retrospectively evaluate the safety of computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopy-guided short hook wire placement for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and the risk factors for pneumothorax associated with this procedure. We analyzed 267 short hook wire placements for 267 pulmonary lesions (mean diameter, 9.9 mm). Multiple variables related to the patients, lesions, and procedures were assessed to determine the risk factors for pneumothorax. Complications (219 grade 1 and 4 grade 2 adverse events) occurred in 196 procedures. No grade 3 or above adverse events were observed. Univariate analysis revealed increased vital capacity (odds ratio [OR], 1.518; P = 0.021), lower lobe lesion (OR, 2.343; P =0.001), solid lesion (OR, 1.845; P = 0.014), prone positioning (OR, 1.793; P = 0.021), transfissural approach (OR, 11.941; P = 0.017), and longer procedure time (OR, 1.036; P = 0.038) were significant predictors of pneumothorax. Multivariate analysis revealed only the transfissural approach (OR, 12.171; P = 0.018) and a longer procedure time (OR, 1.048; P = 0.012) as significant independent predictors. Complications related to CT fluoroscopy-guided preoperative short hook wire placement often occurred, but all complications were minor. A transfissural approach and longer procedure time were significant independent predictors of pneumothorax. Complications related to CT fluoroscopy-guided preoperative short hook wire placement often occur. Complications are usually minor and asymptomatic. A transfissural approach and longer procedure time are significant independent predictors of pneumothorax.

  16. MotD of Sinorhizobium meliloti and Related α-Proteobacteria Is the Flagellar-Hook-Length Regulator and Therefore Reassigned as FliK

    PubMed Central

    Eggenhofer, Elke; Rachel, Reinhard; Haslbeck, Martin; Scharf, Birgit

    2006-01-01

    The flagella of the soil bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti differ from the enterobacterial paradigm in the complex filament structure and modulation of the flagellar rotary speed. The mode of motility control in S. meliloti has a molecular corollary in two novel periplasmic motility proteins, MotC and MotE, that are present in addition to the ubiquitous MotA/MotB energizing proton channel. A fifth motility gene is located in the mot operon downstream of the motB and motC genes. Its gene product was originally designated MotD, a cytoplasmic motility protein having an unknown function. We report here reassignment of MotD as FliK, the regulator of flagellar hook length. The FliK gene is one of the few flagellar genes not annotated in the contiguous flagellar regulon of S. meliloti. Characteristic for its class, the 475-residue FliK protein contains a conserved, compactly folded Flg hook domain in its carboxy-terminal region. Deletion of fliK leads to formation of prolonged flagellar hooks (polyhooks) with missing filament structures. Extragenic suppressor mutations all mapped in the cytoplasmic region of the transmembrane export protein FlhB and restored assembly of a flagellar filament, and thus motility, in the presence of polyhooks. The structural properties of FliK are consistent with its function as a substrate specificity switch of the flagellar export apparatus for switching from rod/hook-type substrates to filament-type substrates. PMID:16513744

  17. [Treatment of sternoclavicular joint dislocation with sternoclavicular hook plate fixation].

    PubMed

    Liu, Pan; Yuan, Jia-bin; Liu, Zhong-qian; Lu, Bing; Wang, Yue

    2015-08-01

    To evaluate the technique and therapeutic effect of sternoclavicular hook plate fixation in treating sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) dislocation. From January 2010 to March 2014,6 patients with SCJ dislocation were treated with sternoclavicular hook plate fixation in our hospital. Among the 6 patients, 5 patients were male and 1 patient was female, and the average age was 34 years, ranging from 26 to 48 years. The course of the disease ranged from 3 to 20 days. All the SCJ dislocations were caused by external injury and accompanied with the symptoms of swelling pain and obvious shoulder joint activity restricted in affected side. All SCJ dislocations were anterior dislocation by the diagnosis of X-ray and CT scan. The postoperative curative effect was evaluated according to Rockwood score. All the patients' operative incision were healed well and in good appearance. X-ray showed that the dislocated SCJ was well reduced and the plate was on right position. All the 6 patients were followed up for 4 to 18 months, with an average of 12 months. The results were evaluated according to Rockwood score, 4 got excellent results, 1 good and 1 fair. No fixation loosening, redislocation or side injury such as vessel, nerve or pleura injury were found. With sternoclavicular hook plate fixation, SCJ dislocation could be reduced while keeping its amphiarthrodial function and the completeness of the cartilage surface. Sternoclavicular hook plate fixation has advantages of safety and stabilization in fixation, and patients can begin function exercises earlier.

  18. Clinical and radiological results on the fixation of Neer type 2 distal clavicle fractures with a hook plate.

    PubMed

    Şükür, Erhan; Öztürkmen, Yusuf; Akman, Yunus Emre; Güngör, Mustafa

    2016-10-01

    The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and functional results of hook plate fixation in Neer type 2 distal clavicle fractures. We retrospectively analyzed 16 patients (11 males, 5 females) who were diagnosed with Neer type 2 distal clavicle fractures and treated with hook plate fixation between 2013 and 2014. Mean age was 38 (range: 27-61), and mean follow-up time was 14.3 (range: 12-18) months. Complications seen on radiographs were implant failure and subacromial osteolysis. The clinical results were evaluated with modified UCLA (University of California Los Angeles) scoring system. Bone union was achieved in all patients at the end of the first 4 months. Mean modified UCLA score was 32.75 (range 31-35). In 12 patients (68%), the implants had to be removed due to complications. After removal, the complaints regressed and shoulders' range of motion increased. Clinical and radiological results on the fixation of Neer type 2 distal clavicle fractures with a hook plate are good in terms of fracture union and function. The major disadvantage of the method was the requirement of early implant removal due to the hardware related complications and good results can be achieved only after plate removal. Optimizing the length of hook plate may lower the rate of complications. Level IV, Therapeutic study. Copyright © 2016 Turkish Association of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  19. Dimensional threshold for fracture linkage and hooking

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lamarche, Juliette; Chabani, Arezki; Gauthier, Bertrand D. M.

    2018-03-01

    Fracture connectivity in rocks depends on spatial properties of the pattern including length, abundance and orientation. When fractures form a single-strike set, they hardly cross-cut each other and the connectivity is limited. Linkage probability increases with increasing fracture abundance and length as small fractures connect to each other to form longer ones. A process for parallel fracture linkage is the "hooking", where two converging fracture tips mutually deviate and then converge to connect due to the interaction of their crack-tip stresses. Quantifying the processes and conditions for fracture linkage in single-strike fracture sets is crucial to better predicting fluid flow in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs. For 1734 fractures in Permian shales of the Lodève Basin, SE France, we measured geometrical parameters in 2D, characterizing three stages of the hooking process: underlapping, overlapping and linkage. We deciphered the threshold values, shape ratios and limiting conditions to switch from one stage to another one. The hook set up depends on the spacing (S) and fracture length (Lh) with the relation S ≈ 0.15 Lh. Once the hooking is initiated, with the fracture deviation length (L) L ≈ 0.4 Lh, the fractures reaches the linkage stage only when the spacing is reduced to S ≈ 0.02 Lh and the convergence (C) is < 0.1 L. These conditions apply to multi-scale fractures with a shape ratio L/S = 10 and for fracture curvature of 10°-20°.

  20. Dereplication-guided isolation of a new indole alkaloid triglycoside from the hooks of Uncaria rhynchophylla by LC with ion trap time-of-flight MS.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Jian-Gang; Huang, Xiao-Yan; Ma, Yun-Bao; Zhang, Xue-Mei; Chen, Ji-Jun; Geng, Chang-An

    2018-04-01

    Uncaria rhynchophylla (Gou-Teng) as the monarch herb of many formulae (Fufang), e.g. "Tian-Ma-Gou-Teng-Yin," "Ling-Jiao-Gou-Teng-Yin," and "Yi-Gan-San", is a famous traditional Chinese medicine documented in the Chinese pharmacopoeia for mental and cardiovascular diseases. In the traditional Chinese medicine system, only the hook-bearing stems are used as the crude materials for Gou-Teng, and the hooks are always considered more effective than the stems. Focusing on the mono-herb and its active constituents from combinatorial formulae is the core idea of reductionism of traditional Chinese medicine theory. Detailed liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis on the hooks of U. rhynchophylla was performed to profile the chemical constituents based on tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation and UV absorption. Under the guidance of liquid chromatography with ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry, one new indole alkaloid triglycoside (1), together with five known compounds 2-6 as the main constituents, were isolated from the hooks of U. rhynchophylla by various column chromatography methods. Compound 1 showed moderate activity on MT 1 and MT 2 melatonin receptors with agonistic rates of 79.6 and 46.3% at the concentration of 1 mM. This dereplication strategy can be equally applicable to rapidly disclose the active constituents of other Chinese herbs through targeted purification. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

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