Coherent spin transfer between molecularly bridged quantum dots.

PubMed

Ouyang, Min; Awschalom, David D

2003-08-22

Femtosecond time-resolved Faraday rotation spectroscopy reveals the instantaneous transfer of spin coherence through conjugated molecular bridges spanning quantum dots of different size over a broad range of temperature. The room-temperature spin-transfer efficiency is approximately 20%, showing that conjugated molecules can be used not only as interconnections for the hierarchical assembly of functional networks but also as efficient spin channels. The results suggest that this class of structures may be useful as two-spin quantum devices operating at ambient temperatures and may offer promising opportunities for future versatile molecule-based spintronic technologies.

Determination of acoustical transfer functions using an impulse method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

MacPherson, J.

1985-02-01

The Transfer Function of a system may be defined as the relationship of the output response to the input of a system. Whilst recent advances in digital processing systems have enabled Impulse Transfer Functions to be determined by computation of the Fast Fourier Transform, there has been little work done in applying these techniques to room acoustics. Acoustical Transfer Functions have been determined for auditoria, using an impulse method. The technique is based on the computation of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of a non-ideal impulsive source, both at the source and at the receiver point. The Impulse Transfer Function (ITF) is obtained by dividing the FFT at the receiver position by the FFT of the source. This quantity is presented both as linear frequency scale plots and also as synthesized one-third octave band data. The technique enables a considerable quantity of data to be obtained from a small number of impulsive signals recorded in the field, thereby minimizing the time and effort required on site. As the characteristics of the source are taken into account in the calculation, the choice of impulsive source is non-critical. The digital analysis equipment required for the analysis is readily available commercially.

Amplitude modulation detection by human listeners in reverberant sound fields: Effects of prior listening exposure.

PubMed

Zahorik, Pavel; Anderson, Paul W

2013-01-01

Previous work [Zahorik et al., POMA, 15, 050002 (2012)] has reported that for both broadband and narrowband noise carrier signals in a simulated reverberant sound field, human sensitivity to amplitude modulation (AM) is higher than would be predicted based on the acoustical modulation transfer function (MTF) of the listening environment. These results may be suggestive of mechanisms that functionally enhance modulation in reverberant listening, although many details of this enhancement effect are unknown. Given recent findings that demonstrate improvements in speech understanding with prior exposure to reverberant listening environments, it is of interest to determine whether listening exposure to a reverberant room might also influence AM detection in the room, and perhaps contribute to the AM enhancement effect. Here, AM detection thresholds were estimated (using an adaptive 2-alternative forced-choice procedure) in each of two listening conditions: one in which consistent listening exposure to a particular room was provided, and a second that intentionally disrupted listening exposure by varying the room from trial-to-trial. Results suggest that consistent prior listening exposure contributes to enhanced AM sensitivity in rooms. [Work supported by the NIH/NIDCD.].

Amplitude modulation detection by human listeners in sound fields.

PubMed

Zahorik, Pavel; Kim, Duck O; Kuwada, Shigeyuki; Anderson, Paul W; Brandewie, Eugene; Srinivasan, Nirmal

2011-10-01

The temporal modulation transfer function (TMTF) approach allows techniques from linear systems analysis to be used to predict how the auditory system will respond to arbitrary patterns of amplitude modulation (AM). Although this approach forms the basis for a standard method of predicting speech intelligibility based on estimates of the acoustical modulation transfer function (MTF) between source and receiver, human sensitivity to AM as characterized by the TMTF has not been extensively studied under realistic listening conditions, such as in reverberant sound fields. Here, TMTFs (octave bands from 2 - 512 Hz) were obtained in 3 listening conditions simulated using virtual auditory space techniques: diotic, anechoic sound field, reverberant room sound field. TMTFs were then related to acoustical MTFs estimated using two different methods in each of the listening conditions. Both diotic and anechoic data were found to be in good agreement with classic results, but AM thresholds in the reverberant room were lower than predictions based on acoustical MTFs. This result suggests that simple linear systems techniques may not be appropriate for predicting TMTFs from acoustical MTFs in reverberant sound fields, and may be suggestive of mechanisms that functionally enhance modulation during reverberant listening.

Perceptually relevant parameters for virtual listening simulation of small room acoustics

PubMed Central

Zahorik, Pavel

2009-01-01

Various physical aspects of room-acoustic simulation techniques have been extensively studied and refined, yet the perceptual attributes of the simulations have received relatively little attention. Here a method of evaluating the perceptual similarity between rooms is described and tested using 15 small-room simulations based on binaural room impulse responses (BRIRs) either measured from a real room or estimated using simple geometrical acoustic modeling techniques. Room size and surface absorption properties were varied, along with aspects of the virtual simulation including the use of individualized head-related transfer function (HRTF) measurements for spatial rendering. Although differences between BRIRs were evident in a variety of physical parameters, a multidimensional scaling analysis revealed that when at-the-ear signal levels were held constant, the rooms differed along just two perceptual dimensions: one related to reverberation time (T60) and one related to interaural coherence (IACC). Modeled rooms were found to differ from measured rooms in this perceptual space, but the differences were relatively small and should be easily correctable through adjustment of T60 and IACC in the model outputs. Results further suggest that spatial rendering using individualized HRTFs offers little benefit over nonindividualized HRTF rendering for room simulation applications where source direction is fixed. PMID:19640043

Room acoustics for the aged.

PubMed

Plomp, R; Duquesnoy, A J

1980-12-01

This article deals with the combined effects of noise and reverberation on the speech-reception threshold for sentences. It is based on a series of current investigations on: (1) the modulation-transfer function as a measure of speech intelligibility in rooms, (2) the applicability of this concept to hearing-impaired persons, and (3) hearing loss for speech in quiet and in noise as a function of age. It is shown that, generally, in auditoria, classrooms, etc. the reverberation time T, acceptable for normal-hearing listeners, has to be reduced to (0.75)DT in order to be acceptable for elderly subjects with a hearing loss of D dB for speech in noise; for listening conditions as in lounges, restaurants, etc. the corresponding value is (0.82)DT.

Modeling of Heat Transfer in Rooms in the Modelica "Buildings" Library

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wetter, Michael; Zuo, Wangda; Nouidui, Thierry Stephane

This paper describes the implementation of the room heat transfer model in the free open-source Modelica \\Buildings" library. The model can be used as a single room or to compose a multizone building model. We discuss how the model is decomposed into submodels for the individual heat transfer phenomena. We also discuss the main physical assumptions. The room model can be parameterized to use different modeling assumptions, leading to linear or non-linear differential algebraic systems of equations. We present numerical experiments that show how these assumptions affect computing time and accuracy for selected cases of the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140- 2007more » envelop validation tests.« less

Two dimensional sound field reproduction using higher order sources to exploit room reflections.

PubMed

Betlehem, Terence; Poletti, Mark A

2014-04-01

In this paper, sound field reproduction is performed in a reverberant room using higher order sources (HOSs) and a calibrating microphone array. Previously a sound field was reproduced with fixed directivity sources and the reverberation compensated for using digital filters. However by virtue of their directive properties, HOSs may be driven to not only avoid the creation of excess reverberation but also to use room reflection to contribute constructively to the desired sound field. The manner by which the loudspeakers steer the sound around the room is determined by measuring the acoustic transfer functions. The requirements on the number and order N of HOSs for accurate reproduction in a reverberant room are derived, showing a 2N + 1-fold decrease in the number of loudspeakers in comparison to using monopole sources. HOSs are shown applicable to rooms with a rich variety of wall reflections while in an anechoic room their advantages may be lost. Performance is investigated in a room using extensions of both the diffuse field model and a more rigorous image-source simulation method, which account for the properties of the HOSs. The robustness of the proposed method is validated by introducing measurement errors.

Beam-tracing model for predicting sound fields in rooms with multilayer bounding surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wareing, Andrew; Hodgson, Murray

2005-10-01

This paper presents the development of a wave-based room-prediction model for predicting steady-state sound fields in empty rooms with specularly reflecting, multilayer surfaces. A triangular beam-tracing model with phase, and a transfer-matrix approach to model the surfaces, were involved. Room surfaces were modeled as multilayers of fluid, solid, or porous materials. Biot theory was used in the transfer-matrix formulation of the porous layer. The new model consisted of the transfer-matrix model integrated into the beam-tracing algorithm. The transfer-matrix model was validated by comparing predictions with those by theory, and with experiment. The test surfaces were a glass plate, double drywall panels, double steel panels, a carpeted floor, and a suspended-acoustical ceiling. The beam-tracing model was validated in the cases of three idealized room configurations-a small office, a corridor, and a small industrial workroom-with simple boundary conditions. The number of beams, the reflection order, and the frequency resolution required to obtain accurate results were investigated. Beam-tracing predictions were compared with those by a method-of-images model with phase. The model will be used to study sound fields in rooms with local- or extended-reaction multilayer surfaces.

Estimation of the interference coupling into cables within electrically large multiroom structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Keghie, J.; Kanyou Nana, R.; Schetelig, B.; Potthast, S.; Dickmann, S.

2010-10-01

Communication cables are used to transfer data between components of a system. As a part of the EMC analysis of complex systems, it is necessary to determine which level of interference can be expected at the input of connected devices due to the coupling into the irradiated cable. For electrically large systems consisting of several rooms with cables connecting components located in different rooms, an estimation of the coupled disturbances inside cables using commercial field computation software is often not feasible without several restrictions. In many cases, this is related to the non-availability of computing memory and processing power needed for the computation. In this paper, we are going to show that, starting from a topological analysis of the entire system, weak coupling paths within the system can be can be identified. By neglecting these coupling paths and using the transmission line approach, the original system will be simplified so that a simpler estimation is possible. Using the example of a system which is composed of two rooms, multiple apertures, and a network cable located in both chambers, it is shown that an estimation of the coupled disturbances due to external electromagnetic sources is feasible with this approach. Starting from an incident electromagnetic field, we determine transfer functions describing the coupling means (apertures, cables). Using these transfer functions and the knowledge of the weak coupling paths above, a decision is taken regarding the means for paths that can be neglected during the estimation. The estimation of the coupling into the cable is then made while taking only paths with strong coupling into account. The remaining part of the wiring harness in areas with weak coupling is represented by its input impedance. A comparison with the original network shows a good agreement.

The rapid formation of functional monolayers on silicon under mild conditions.

PubMed

Ciampi, Simone; Luais, Erwann; James, Michael; Choudhury, Moinul H; Darwish, Nadim A; Gooding, J Justin

2014-05-07

We report on an exceedingly mild chemical functionalization of hydrogen-terminated Si(100) with unactivated and unprotected bifunctional α,ω-dialkynes. Monolayer formation occurs rapidly in the dark, and at room temperature, from dilute solutions of an aromatic-conjugated acetylene. The method addresses the poor reactivity of p-type substrates under mild conditions. We suggest the importance of several factors, including an optimal orientation for electron transfer between the adsorbate and the Si surface, conjugation of the acetylenic function with a π-system, as well as the choice of a solvent system that favors electron transfer and screens Coulombic interactions between surface holes and electrons. The passivated Si(100) electrode is amenable to further functionalization and shown to be a viable model system for redox studies at non-oxide semiconductor electrodes in aqueous solutions.

Aromatic Diimides - Potential Dyes for Use in Smart Films and Fibers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meador, Michael A.; Tyson, Daniel S.; Ilhan, Faysal; Carbaugh, Ashley

2008-01-01

New aromatic diimide fluorescent dyes have been prepared with potential for use as chemical sensors and in chromogenic polymers. These dyes have been designed to utilize excited state electron transfer reactions as the means for sensing chemical species. For example, an aniline en-dcapped anthryl diimides functions effectively as an "on-off" sensor for pH and the detection of phosphoryl halide based chemical warfare agents, such as Sarin. In the absence of analytes, fluorescence from this dye is completely quenched by excited state electron transfer from the terminal amines. Reaction of these amines inhibits electron transfer and activates the fluorescence of the dye. Another substituted anthryl diimide is presented with the capability to detect pH and nitroaromatic compounds, such as TNT. Films prepared by doping small amounts (less than 0.1 weight percent) of several of these dyes in polymers such as linear low density polyethylene exhibit thermochromism. At room temperature, these films fluoresce reddish-orange. Upon heating, the fluorescence turns green. This process is reversible cooling the films to room temperature restores the orange emission.

Energy transfer simulation for radiantly heated and cooled enclosures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chapman, K.S.; Zhang, P.

1996-11-01

This paper presents the development of a three-dimensional mathematical model to compute heat transfer within a radiantly heated or cooled room, which then calculates the mass-averaged room air temperature and the wall surface temperature distributions. The radiation formulation used in the model accommodates arbitrary placement of walls and objects within the room. The convection model utilizes Nusselt number correlations published in the open literature. The complete energy transfer model is validated by comparing calculated room temperatures to temperatures measured in a radiantly heated room. This three-dimensional model may be applied to a building to assist the heating/cooling system design engineermore » in sizing a radiant heating/cooling system. By coupling this model with a thermal comfort model, the comfort levels throughout the room can be easily and efficiently mapped for a given radiant heater/cooler location. In addition, obstacles such as airplanes, trucks, furniture, and partitions can be easily incorporated to determine their effect on the radiant heating system performance.« less

Single crystal functional oxides on silicon

PubMed Central

Bakaul, Saidur Rahman; Serrao, Claudy Rayan; Lee, Michelle; Yeung, Chun Wing; Sarker, Asis; Hsu, Shang-Lin; Yadav, Ajay Kumar; Dedon, Liv; You, Long; Khan, Asif Islam; Clarkson, James David; Hu, Chenming; Ramesh, Ramamoorthy; Salahuddin, Sayeef

2016-01-01

Single-crystalline thin films of complex oxides show a rich variety of functional properties such as ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, ferro and antiferromagnetism and so on that have the potential for completely new electronic applications. Direct synthesis of such oxides on silicon remains challenging because of the fundamental crystal chemistry and mechanical incompatibility of dissimilar interfaces. Here we report integration of thin (down to one unit cell) single crystalline, complex oxide films onto silicon substrates, by epitaxial transfer at room temperature. In a field-effect transistor using a transferred lead zirconate titanate layer as the gate insulator, we demonstrate direct reversible control of the semiconductor channel charge with polarization state. These results represent the realization of long pursued but yet to be demonstrated single-crystal functional oxides on-demand on silicon. PMID:26853112

Collaborative Research: Polymeric Multiferroics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ren, Shenqiang

2017-04-20

The goal of this project is to investigate room temperature magnetism and magnetoelectric coupling of polymeric multiferroics. A new family of molecular charge-transfer crystals has been emerged as a fascinating opportunity for the development of all-organic electrics and spintronics due to its weak hyperfine interaction and low spin-orbit coupling; nevertheless, direct observations of room temperature magnetic spin ordering have yet to be accomplished in organic charge-transfer solids. Furthermore, room temperature magnetoelectric coupling effect hitherto known multiferroics, is anticipated in organic donor-acceptor complexes because of magnetic field effects on charge-transfer dipoles, yet this is also unexplored. The PI seeks to fundamentalmore » understanding of the control of organic crystals to demonstrate and explore room temperature multiferroicity. The experimental results have been verified through the theoretical modeling.« less

Use of hygiene protocols to control the spread of viruses in a hotel.

PubMed

Sifuentes, Laura Y; Koenig, David W; Phillips, Ronnie L; Reynolds, Kelly A; Gerba, Charles P

2014-09-01

The goals of this study were to observe the spread of viruses in a hotel setting and to assess the effectiveness of a hygiene intervention in reducing their spread. Selected fomites in one hotel room were inoculated with bacteriophage ϕx-174, and fomites in a conference center within the same hotel were inoculated using bacteriophage MS2. Cleaning of the contaminated room resulted in the spread of viruses to other rooms by the housekeeping staff. Furthermore, viruses were transferred by hotel guests to the conference center and a communal kitchen area. Additionally, conference attendees transferred viruses from the conference center to their hotel rooms and a communal kitchen area. This study demonstrated how viruses can be spread throughout a hotel setting by both housekeepers and guests. A hygiene intervention, which included providing hand hygiene products and facial tissues to the guests and disinfecting solutions with disposable wipes to the housekeeping staff, was successful in reducing the spread of viruses between the hotel guest rooms and conference center. The hygiene intervention resulted in significantly reduced transfer of the ϕx-174 between the contaminated hotel room and other hotel rooms, communal areas, and the conference center (p = 0.02).

33. VIEW OF BASEMENT UNDER EAST BOILER ROOM LOOKING TOWARD ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

33. VIEW OF BASEMENT UNDER EAST BOILER ROOM LOOKING TOWARD WEST BOILER ROOM BASEMENT THROUGH THE ASH TRANSFER TUNNEL. ASH HOPPER FOR BOILER 900 IS ON THE RIGHT. NOTE THE TRACKS ALONG THE FLOOR OF THE TUNNEL. A SMALL ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE HAULED CARS FOR TRANSFERRING ASH FROM BOILERS TO DISPOSAL SITES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING. THIS SYSTEM BECAME OBSOLETE IN 1938 WHEN BOILERS IN THE WEST BOILER ROOM WERE REMOVED AND PULVERIZED COAL WAS ADOPTED AS THE FUEL. - New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, Cos Cob Power Plant, Sound Shore Drive, Greenwich, Fairfield County, CT

Design of a Hydrogen Pulsating Heat Pipe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yumeng; Deng, Haoren; Pfotenhauer, John; Gan, Zhihua

In order to enhance the application of a cryocooler that provides cooling capacity at the cold head location, and effectively spread that cooling over an extended region, one requires an efficient heat transfer method. The pulsating heat pipe affords a highly effective heat transfer component that has been extensively researched at room temperature, but is recently being investigated for cryogenic applications. This paper describes the design. The experimental setup is designed to characterize the thermal performance of the PHP as a function of the applied heat, number of turns, filling ratio, inclination angle, and length of adiabatic section.

The free-energy barrier to hydride transfer across a dipalladium complex

DOE PAGES

Ramirez-Cuesta, Anibal J.

2015-01-01

We use density-functional theory molecular dynamics (DFT-MD) simulations to determine the hydride transfer coordinate between palladium centres of the crystallographically observed terminal hydride locations, Pd-Pd-H, originally postulated for the solution dynamics of the complex bis-NHC dipalladium hydride [{(MesIm)(2)CH2}(2)Pd2H][PF6], and then calculate the free-energy along this coordinate. We estimate the transfer barrier-height to be about 20 kcal mol(-1) with a hydride transfer rate in the order of seconds at room temperature. We validate our DFT-MD modelling using inelastic neutron scattering which reveals anharmonicity of the hydride environment that is so pronounced that there is complete failure of the harmonic model formore » the hydride ligand. The simulations are extended to high temperature to bring the H-transfer to a rate that is accessible to the simulation technique.« less

7 CFR 58.212 - Hopper or dump room.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Hopper or dump room. 58.212 Section 58.212 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards....212 Hopper or dump room. A separate room shall be provided for the transfer of bulk dry dairy products...

Experimental system for the control of surgically induced infections

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1971-01-01

The results are presented of the development tests performed on the experimental system for the control of surgically induced infections. Tests were performed on the portable clean room to demonstrate assembly, collapsability, portability and storage. Collapsing, relocating and storing within the surgery room can be accomplished in 12 minutes. The storage envelope dimensions are 1.64 m x 4.24 m x 2.62 m high. The disassembly transfer to another room, and reassembly were demonstrated. The laminar air flow velocity profile within the enclosure was measured. In the undisturbed area of the enclosure the air flow met the Federal Standard 209a requirements of 27.45 meters per minute + or - 6.10 meters per minute. Smoke tests with simulated surgery equipment and personnel in the enclosure did not indicate any detrimental air flow patterns. It is concluded that the system as designed will perform the functions required for its intended use.

If you can't take the room out of your mix, you can't take your mix out of the room!

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

D'Antonio, Peter

2003-04-01

The key issue in any recording studio is transferability-the ability of a mix to transfer to other listening environments outside the studio. For a mix to faithfully transfer to a wide range of acoustical environments, it must be created in a room with minimal acoustic distortion. The music industry is very aware of electronic distortion; however, the audible effects of acoustic distortion are only now being fully appreciated. The four forms of acoustic distortion are modal coupling, speaker boundary interference response, comb filtering and poor diffusion or a sparse spatial and temporal reflection density. These phenomena will be explained and methods to minimize them will be suggested.

Effect of radiator position and mass flux on the dryer room heat transfer rate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mirmanto, M.; Sulistyowati, E. D.; Okariawan, I. D. K.

A room radiator as usually used in cold countries, is actually able to be used as a heat source to dry goods, especially in the rainy season where the sun seldom shines due to much rain and cloud. Experiments to investigate effects of radiator position and mass flux on heat transfer rate were performed. This study is to determine the best position of the radiator and the optimum mass flux. The radiator used was a finned radiator made of copper pipes and aluminum fins with an overall dimension of 220 mm × 50 mm × 310 mm. The prototype room was constructed using plywood and wood frame with an overall size of 1000 mm × 1000 mm × 1000 mm. The working fluid was heated water flowing inside the radiator and air circulating naturally inside the prototype room. The nominal mass fluxes employed were 800, 900 and 1000 kg/m2 s. The water was kept at 80 °C at the radiator entrance, while the initial air temperature inside the prototype room was 30 °C. Three positions of the radiator were examined. The results show that the effect of the mass flux on the forced and free convection heat transfer rate is insignificant but the radiator position strongly affects the heat transfer rate for both forced and free convection.

Information transfer in auditoria and room-acoustical quality.

PubMed

Summers, Jason E

2013-04-01

It is hypothesized that room-acoustical quality correlates with the information-transfer rate. Auditoria are considered as multiple-input multiple-output communication channels and a theory of information-transfer is outlined that accounts for time-variant multipath, spatial hearing, and distributed directional sources. Source diversity and spatial hearing are shown to be the mechanisms through which multipath increases the information-transfer rate by overcoming finite spatial resolution. In addition to predictions that are confirmed by recent and historical findings, the theory provides explanations for the influence of factors such as musical repertoire and ensemble size on subjective preference and the influence of multisource, multichannel auralization on perceived realism.

A helium based pulsating heat pipe for superconducting magnets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fonseca, Luis Diego; Miller, Franklin; Pfotenhauer, John

2014-01-01

This study was inspired to investigate an alternative cooling system using a helium-based pulsating heat pipes (PHP), for low temperature superconducting magnets. In addition, the same approach can be used for exploring other low temperature applications. The advantages of PHP for transferring heat and smoothing temperature profiles in various room temperature applications have been explored for the past 20 years. An experimental apparatus has been designed, fabricated and operated and is primarily composed of an evaporator and a condenser; in which both are thermally connected by a closed loop capillary tubing. The main goal is to measure the heat transfer properties of this device using helium as the working fluid. The evaporator end of the PHP is comprised of a copper winding in which heat loads up to 10 watts are generated, while the condenser is isothermal and can reach 4.2 K via a two stage Sumitomo RDK408A2 GM cryocooler. Various experimental design features are highlighted. Additionally, performance results in the form of heat transfer and temperature characteristics are provided as a function of average condenser temperature, PHP fill ratio, and evaporator heat load. Results are summarized in the form of a dimensionless correlation and compared to room temperature systems. Implications for superconducting magnet stability are highlighted.

Natural convection flows and associated heat transfer processes in room fires

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sargent, William Stapf

This report presents the results of experimental investigations of natural convection flows and associated heat transfer processes produced by small fires in rooms with a single door or window opening. Calculation procedures have been developed to model the major aspects of these flows.Two distinct sets of experiments were undertaken.First, in a roughly 1/4 scale facility, a slightly dense solution of brine was allowed to flow into a tank of fresh water. The resulting density difference produced a flow which simulated a very small fire in a room with adiabatic walls. Second, in an approximately 1/2 scale test room, a nearly stoichioinetric mixture of air and natural gas was burned at floor level to model moderate strength fires. In this latter facility, we directly measured the heat conducted through the walls, in addition to determining the gas temperature and composition throughout the room.These two facilities complemented each other. The former offered good flow visualization and allowed us to observe the basic flow phenomena in the absence of heat transfer effects. On the other hand, the latter, which involved relatively larger fires, was a more realistic simulation of an actual room fire, and allowed us to calculate the convective heat transfer to the ceiling and walls. In addition, the stronger sources present in these 1/2 scale tests produced significant secondary flows. These secondary flows along with heat transfer effects act to modify the gas temperature or density profiles within the room from those observed in the 1/4 scale experiments.Several calculation procedures have been developed, based on the far field properties of plumes when the density differences are small (the Boussinesq approximation). The simple point source plume solution is used along with hydraulic analysis of flow through an orifice to estimate the temperatures of the hot ceiling layer gas and of the cooler floor zone fluid, as well as the height of the interface between them. A finite source plume model is combined with conservation equations across the interface to compute the evolution of the plume above the interface. This calculation then provides the starting point for an integral analysis of the flow and heat transfer in the turbulent ceiling jet.The computed results both for the average floor and ceiling zone gas temperatures, and for the connective heat transfer in the ceiling jet agreed reasonably well with our experimental data. This agreement suggests that our computational procedures can be applied to answer practical questions, such as whether the connective heat flux from a given fire in a real room would be sufficient to trigger sprinklers or other detection systems in a given amount of time.

New insights into designing metallacarborane based room temperature hydrogen storage media.

PubMed

Bora, Pankaj Lochan; Singh, Abhishek K

2013-10-28

Metallacarboranes are promising towards realizing room temperature hydrogen storage media because of the presence of both transition metal and carbon atoms. In metallacarborane clusters, the transition metal adsorbs hydrogen molecules and carbon can link these clusters to form metal organic framework, which can serve as a complete storage medium. Using first principles density functional calculations, we chalk out the underlying principles of designing an efficient metallacarborane based hydrogen storage media. The storage capacity of hydrogen depends upon the number of available transition metal d-orbitals, number of carbons, and dopant atoms in the cluster. These factors control the amount of charge transfer from metal to the cluster, thereby affecting the number of adsorbed hydrogen molecules. This correlation between the charge transfer and storage capacity is general in nature, and can be applied to designing efficient hydrogen storage systems. Following this strategy, a search for the best metallacarborane was carried out in which Sc based monocarborane was found to be the most promising H2 sorbent material with a 9 wt.% of reversible storage at ambient pressure and temperature.

New insights into designing metallacarborane based room temperature hydrogen storage media

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bora, Pankaj Lochan; Singh, Abhishek K.

Metallacarboranes are promising towards realizing room temperature hydrogen storage media because of the presence of both transition metal and carbon atoms. In metallacarborane clusters, the transition metal adsorbs hydrogen molecules and carbon can link these clusters to form metal organic framework, which can serve as a complete storage medium. Using first principles density functional calculations, we chalk out the underlying principles of designing an efficient metallacarborane based hydrogen storage media. The storage capacity of hydrogen depends upon the number of available transition metal d-orbitals, number of carbons, and dopant atoms in the cluster. These factors control the amount of chargemore » transfer from metal to the cluster, thereby affecting the number of adsorbed hydrogen molecules. This correlation between the charge transfer and storage capacity is general in nature, and can be applied to designing efficient hydrogen storage systems. Following this strategy, a search for the best metallacarborane was carried out in which Sc based monocarborane was found to be the most promising H{sub 2} sorbent material with a 9 wt.% of reversible storage at ambient pressure and temperature.« less

Kinetic isotope effect in malonaldehyde determined from path integral Monte Carlo simulations.

PubMed

Huang, Jing; Buchowiecki, Marcin; Nagy, Tibor; Vaníček, Jiří; Meuwly, Markus

2014-01-07

The primary H/D kinetic isotope effect on the intramolecular proton transfer in malonaldehyde is determined from quantum instanton path integral Monte Carlo simulations on a fully dimensional and validated potential energy surface for temperatures between 250 and 1500 K. Our calculations, based on thermodynamic integration with respect to the mass of the transferring particle, are significantly accelerated by the direct evaluation of the kinetic isotope effect instead of computing it as a ratio of two rate constants. At room temperature, the KIE from the present simulations is 5.2 ± 0.4. The KIE is found to vary considerably as a function of temperature and the low-T behaviour is dominated by the fact that the free energy derivative in the reactant state increases more rapidly than in the transition state. Detailed analysis of the various contributions to the quantum rate constant together with estimates for rates from conventional transition state theory and from periodic orbit theory suggest that the KIE in malonaldehyde is dominated by zero point energy effects and that tunneling plays a minor role at room temperature.

KSC-06pd1673

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-07-26

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - On Launch Pad 39B, the payload canister is moved into position beneath the payload changeout room (PCR) for transfer of its cargo into the PCR. The canister holds the payload for Atlantis and mission STS-115, the Port 3/4 truss segment with two large solar arrays. The payload changeout room provides an environmentally clean or "white room" condition in which to receive a payload transferred from a protective payload canister. After the shuttle arrives at the pad, the rotating service structure will close around it and the payload will then be transferred into Atlantis' payload bay. Atlantis' launch window begins Aug. 28. During its 11-day mission to the International Space Station, the STS-115 crew of six astronauts will install the truss, a 17-ton segment of the space station's truss backbone. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

A hybrid algorithm for selecting head-related transfer function based on similarity of anthropometric structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zeng, Xiang-Yang; Wang, Shu-Guang; Gao, Li-Ping

2010-09-01

As the basic data for virtual auditory technology, head-related transfer function (HRTF) has many applications in the areas of room acoustic modeling, spatial hearing and multimedia. How to individualize HRTF fast and effectively has become an opening problem at present. Based on the similarity and relativity of anthropometric structures, a hybrid HRTF customization algorithm, which has combined the method of principal component analysis (PCA), multiple linear regression (MLR) and database matching (DM), has been presented in this paper. The HRTFs selected by both the best match and the worst match have been applied into obtaining binaurally auralized sounds, which are then used for subjective listening experiments and the results are compared. For the area in the horizontal plane, the localization results have shown that the selection of HRTFs can enhance the localization accuracy and can also abate the problem of front-back confusion.

Modelling and Order of Acoustic Transfer Functions Due to Reflections from Augmented Objects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuster, Martin; de Vries, Diemer

2006-12-01

It is commonly accepted that the sound reflections from real physical objects are much more complicated than what usually is and can be modelled by room acoustics modelling software. The main reason for this limitation is the level of detail inherent in the physical object in terms of its geometrical and acoustic properties. In the present paper, the complexity of the sound reflections from a corridor wall is investigated by modelling the corresponding acoustic transfer functions at several receiver positions in front of the wall. The complexity for different wall configurations has been examined and the changes have been achieved by altering its acoustic image. The results show that for a homogenous flat wall, the complexity is significant and for a wall including various smaller objects, the complexity is highly dependent on the position of the receiver with respect to the objects.

Room-temperature in situ nuclear spin hyperpolarization from optically pumped nitrogen vacancy centres in diamond

DOE PAGES

King, Jonathan P.; Jeong, Keunhong; Vassiliou, Christophoros C.; ...

2015-12-07

Low detection sensitivity stemming from the weak polarization of nuclear spins is a primary limitation of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging. Methods have been developed to enhance nuclear spin polarization but they typically require high magnetic fields, cryogenic temperatures or sample transfer between magnets. Here we report bulk, room-temperature hyperpolarization of 13C nuclear spins observed via high-field magnetic resonance. The technique harnesses the high optically induced spin polarization of diamond nitrogen vacancy centres at room temperature in combination with dynamic nuclear polarization. We observe bulk nuclear spin polarization of 6%, an enhancement of ~170,000 over thermal equilibrium. The signal ofmore » the hyperpolarized spins was detected in situ with a standard nuclear magnetic resonance probe without the need for sample shuttling or precise crystal orientation. In conclusion, hyperpolarization via optical pumping/dynamic nuclear polarization should function at arbitrary magnetic fields enabling orders of magnitude sensitivity enhancement for nuclear magnetic resonance of solids and liquids under ambient conditions.« less

EGaIn-Assisted Room-Temperature Sintering of Silver Nanoparticles for Stretchable, Inkjet-Printed, Thin-Film Electronics.

PubMed

Tavakoli, Mahmoud; Malakooti, Mohammad H; Paisana, Hugo; Ohm, Yunsik; Marques, Daniel Green; Alhais Lopes, Pedro; Piedade, Ana P; de Almeida, Anibal T; Majidi, Carmel

2018-05-29

Coating inkjet-printed traces of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) ink with a thin layer of eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) increases the electrical conductivity by six-orders of magnitude and significantly improves tolerance to tensile strain. This enhancement is achieved through a room-temperature "sintering" process in which the liquid-phase EGaIn alloy binds the AgNP particles (≈100 nm diameter) to form a continuous conductive trace. Ultrathin and hydrographically transferrable electronics are produced by printing traces with a composition of AgNP-Ga-In on a 5 µm-thick temporary tattoo paper. The printed circuit is flexible enough to remain functional when deformed and can support strains above 80% with modest electromechanical coupling (gauge factor ≈1). These mechanically robust thin-film circuits are well suited for transfer to highly curved and nondevelopable 3D surfaces as well as skin and other soft deformable substrates. In contrast to other stretchable tattoo-like electronics, the low-cost processing steps introduced here eliminate the need for cleanroom fabrication and instead requires only a commercial desktop printer. Most significantly, it enables functionalities like "electronic tattoos" and 3D hydrographic transfer that have not been previously reported with EGaIn or EGaIn-based biphasic electronics. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Room-temperature current blockade in atomically defined single-cluster junctions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lovat, Giacomo; Choi, Bonnie; Paley, Daniel W.; Steigerwald, Michael L.; Venkataraman, Latha; Roy, Xavier

2017-11-01

Fabricating nanoscopic devices capable of manipulating and processing single units of charge is an essential step towards creating functional devices where quantum effects dominate transport characteristics. The archetypal single-electron transistor comprises a small conducting or semiconducting island separated from two metallic reservoirs by insulating barriers. By enabling the transfer of a well-defined number of charge carriers between the island and the reservoirs, such a device may enable discrete single-electron operations. Here, we describe a single-molecule junction comprising a redox-active, atomically precise cobalt chalcogenide cluster wired between two nanoscopic electrodes. We observe current blockade at room temperature in thousands of single-cluster junctions. Below a threshold voltage, charge transfer across the junction is suppressed. The device is turned on when the temporary occupation of the core states by a transiting carrier is energetically enabled, resulting in a sequential tunnelling process and an increase in current by a factor of ∼600. We perform in situ and ex situ cyclic voltammetry as well as density functional theory calculations to unveil a two-step process mediated by an orbital localized on the core of the cluster in which charge carriers reside before tunnelling to the collector reservoir. As the bias window of the junction is opened wide enough to include one of the cluster frontier orbitals, the current blockade is lifted and charge carriers can tunnel sequentially across the junction.

Theory and investigation of acoustic multiple-input multiple-output systems based on spherical arrays in a room.

PubMed

Morgenstern, Hai; Rafaely, Boaz; Zotter, Franz

2015-11-01

Spatial attributes of room acoustics have been widely studied using microphone and loudspeaker arrays. However, systems that combine both arrays, referred to as multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, have only been studied to a limited degree in this context. These systems can potentially provide a powerful tool for room acoustics analysis due to the ability to simultaneously control both arrays. This paper offers a theoretical framework for the spatial analysis of enclosed sound fields using a MIMO system comprising spherical loudspeaker and microphone arrays. A system transfer function is formulated in matrix form for free-field conditions, and its properties are studied using tools from linear algebra. The system is shown to have unit-rank, regardless of the array types, and its singular vectors are related to the directions of arrival and radiation at the microphone and loudspeaker arrays, respectively. The formulation is then generalized to apply to rooms, using an image source method. In this case, the rank of the system is related to the number of significant reflections. The paper ends with simulation studies, which support the developed theory, and with an extensive reflection analysis of a room impulse response, using the platform of a MIMO system.

KSC-06pd1674

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-07-26

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Nearing dawn on Launch Pad 39B, the payload canister is in position to be lifted into the payload changeout room (PCR) for transfer of its cargo into the PCR. The canister holds the payload for Atlantis and mission STS-115, the Port 3/4 truss segment with two large solar arrays. The payload changeout room provides an environmentally clean or "white room" condition in which to receive a payload transferred from a protective payload canister. After the shuttle arrives at the pad, the rotating service structure will close around it and the payload will then be transferred into Atlantis' payload bay. Atlantis' launch window begins Aug. 28. During its 11-day mission to the International Space Station, the STS-115 crew of six astronauts will install the truss, a 17-ton segment of the space station's truss backbone. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-06pd1676

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-07-26

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - On Launch Pad 39B, the payload canister is lifted toward the payload changeout room (PCR) for transfer of its cargo into the PCR. The canister holds the payload for Atlantis and mission STS-115, the Port 3/4 truss segment with two large solar arrays. The red umbilical lines are still attached to the transporter, lower right. The payload changeout room provides an environmentally clean or "white room" condition in which to receive a payload transferred from a protective payload canister. After the shuttle arrives at the pad, the rotating service structure will close around it and the payload will then be transferred into Atlantis' payload bay. Atlantis' launch window begins Aug. 28. During its 11-day mission to the International Space Station, the STS-115 crew of six astronauts will install the truss, a 17-ton segment of the space station's truss backbone. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-06pd1672

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-07-26

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - After a several-hour trip from the Canister Rotation Facility, the payload canister arrives on Launch Pad 39B. Inside the canister is the payload for Atlantis and mission STS-115, the Port 3/4 truss segment with two large solar arrays. The canister will be positioned alongside the rotating service structure and beneath the payload changeout room (PCR) for transfer of the truss into the PCR. The payload changeout room provides an environmentally clean or "white room" condition in which to receive a payload transferred from a protective payload canister. After the shuttle arrives at the pad, the rotating service structure will close around it and the payload will then be transferred into Atlantis' payload bay. Atlantis' launch window begins Aug. 28. During its 11-day mission to the International Space Station, the STS-115 crew of six astronauts will install the truss, a 17-ton segment of the space station's truss backbone. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-06pd1675

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-07-26

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - On Launch Pad 39B, the payload canister is lifted toward the payload changeout room (PCR) for transfer of its cargo into the PCR. The canister holds the payload for Atlantis and mission STS-115, the Port 3/4 truss segment with two large solar arrays. The red umbilical lines are still attached, lower right. The payload changeout room provides an environmentally clean or "white room" condition in which to receive a payload transferred from a protective payload canister. After the shuttle arrives at the pad, the rotating service structure will close around it and the payload will then be transferred into Atlantis' payload bay. Atlantis' launch window begins Aug. 28. During its 11-day mission to the International Space Station, the STS-115 crew of six astronauts will install the truss, a 17-ton segment of the space station's truss backbone. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

A poly(acrylonitrile)-functionalized porous aromatic framework synthesized by atom-transfer radical polymerization for the extraction of uranium from seawater

DOE PAGES

Yue, Yanfeng; Zhang, Chenxi; Tang, Qing; ...

2015-10-30

In order to ensure a sustainable reserve of fuel for nuclear power generation, tremendous research efforts have been devoted to developing advanced sorbent materials for extracting uranium from seawater. In this work, a porous aromatic framework (PAF) was surface-functionalized with poly(acrylonitrile) through atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Batches of this adsorbent were conditioned with potassium hydroxide (KOH) at room temperature or 80 °C prior to contact with a uranium-spiked seawater simulant, with minimal differences in uptake observed as a function of conditioning temperature. A maximum capacity of 4.81 g-U/kg-ads was obtained following 42 days contact with uranium-spiked filtered environmental seawater, whichmore » demonstrates a comparable adsorption rate. A kinetic investigation revealed extremely rapid uranyl uptake, with more than 80% saturation reached within 14 days. Furthermore, relying on the semiordered structure of the PAF adsorbent, density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal cooperative interactions between multiple adsorbent groups yield a strong driving force for uranium binding.« less

Alternative delivery of male accessory gland products

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

To increase fertilization success, males transfer accessory gland products (Acps). Several species have evolved unconventional Acps transfer modes, meaning that Acps are transferred separately from the sperm. By surveying the sperm-free Acps transfer cases, we show that these animals have evolved a common strategy to deliver Acps: they all inject Acps directly through the partner’s body wall into the hemolymph. Our review of this mode of Acps transfer reveals another striking similarity: they all transfer sperm in packages or via the skin, which may leave little room for Acps transfer via the conventional route in seminal fluid. We synthesise the knowledge about the function, and the effects in the recipients, of the Acps found in the widely diverse taxa (including earthworms, sea slugs, terrestrial snails, scorpions and salamanders) that inject these substances. Despite the clearly independent evolution of the injection devices, these animals have evolved a common alternative strategy to get their partners to accept and/or use their sperm. Most importantly, the evolution of the injection devices for the delivery of Acps highlights how the latter are pivotal for male reproductive success and, hence, strongly influence sexual selection. PMID:24708537

Design And Construction of an Impedance Tube for Measuring Sound Absorptivity and Transmissibility of Materials Using Transfer Function Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gowda, Haarish Kapaninaikappa

Noise is defined as unwanted sound, when perceived in excess can cause many harmful effects such as annoyance, interference with speech, and hearing loss, hence there is a need to control noise in practical situations. Noise can be controlled actively and/or passively, here we discuss the passive noise control techniques. Passive noise control involves using energy dissipating or reflecting materials such as absorbers or barriers respectively. Damping and isolating materials are also used in eliminating structure-borne noise. These materials exhibit properties such as reflection, absorption and transmission loss when incidence is by a sound source. Thus, there is a need to characterize the acoustical properties of these materials for practical use. The theoretical background of the random incident sound absorption with reverberation room and normal incident sound absorption using impedance tube are well documented. The Transfer Matrix method for measuring transmission loss and absorption coefficient using impedance tube is very attractive since it is rather inexpensive and fast. In this research, a low-cost Impedance Tube is constructed using transfer function method to measure both absorption and transmissibility of materials. Equipment and measurement instruments available in the laboratory were used in the construction of the tube, adhering to cost-effectiveness. Care has been taken for precise construction of tube to ensure better measurement results. Further various samples varying from hard non-porous to soft porous materials were tested for absorption and sound transmission loss. Absorption values were also compared with reverberation room method with the available samples further ensuring the reliability of the newly constructed tube for future measurements.

Simple and advanced ferromagnet/molecule spinterfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gruber, M.; Ibrahim, F.; Djedhloul, F.; Barraud, C.; Garreau, G.; Boukari, S.; Isshiki, H.; Joly, L.; Urbain, E.; Peter, M.; Studniarek, M.; Da Costa, V.; Jabbar, H.; Bulou, H.; Davesne, V.; Halisdemir, U.; Chen, J.; Xenioti, D.; Arabski, J.; Bouzehouane, K.; Deranlot, C.; Fusil, S.; Otero, E.; Choueikani, F.; Chen, K.; Ohresser, P.; Bertran, F.; Le Fèvre, P.; Taleb-Ibrahimi, A.; Wulfhekel, W.; Hajjar-Garreau, S.; Wetzel, P.; Seneor, P.; Mattana, R.; Petroff, F.; Scheurer, F.; Weber, W.; Alouani, M.; Beaurepaire, E.; Bowen, M.

2016-10-01

Spin-polarized charge transfer between a ferromagnet and a molecule can promote molecular ferromagnetism 1, 2 and hybridized interfacial states3, 4. Observations of high spin-polarization of Fermi level states at room temperature5 designate such interfaces as a very promising candidate toward achieving a highly spin-polarized, nanoscale current source at room temperature, when compared to other solutions such as half-metallic systems and solid-state tunnelling over the past decades. We will discuss three aspects of this research. 1) Does the ferromagnet/molecule interface, also called an organic spinterface, exhibit this high spin-polarization as a generic feature? Spin-polarized photoemission experiments reveal that a high spin-polarization of electronics states at the Fermi level also exist at the simple interface between ferromagnetic cobalt and amorphous carbon6. Furthermore, this effect is general to an array of ferromagnetic and molecular candidates7. 2) Integrating molecules with intrinsic properties (e.g. spin crossover molecules) into a spinterface toward enhanced functionality requires lowering the charge transfer onto the molecule8 while magnetizing it1,2. We propose to achieve this by utilizing interlayer exchange coupling within a more advanced organic spinterface architecture. We present results at room temperature across the fcc Co(001)/Cu/manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc) system9. 3) Finally, we discuss how the Co/MnPc spinterface's ferromagnetism stabilizes antiferromagnetic ordering at room temperature onto subsequent molecules away from the spinterface, which in turn can exchange bias the Co layer at low temperature10. Consequences include tunnelling anisotropic magnetoresistance across a CoPc tunnel barrier11. This augurs new possibilities to transmit spin information across organic semiconductors using spin flip excitations12.

Uncertainty Analysis on Heat Transfer Correlations for RP-1 Fuel in Copper Tubing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Driscoll, E. A.; Landrum, D. B.

2004-01-01

NASA is studying kerosene (RP-1) for application in Next Generation Launch Technology (NGLT). Accurate heat transfer correlations in narrow passages at high temperatures and pressures are needed. Hydrocarbon fuels, such as RP-1, produce carbon deposition (coke) along the inside of tube walls when heated to high temperatures. A series of tests to measure the heat transfer using RP-1 fuel and examine the coking were performed in NASA Glenn Research Center's Heated Tube Facility. The facility models regenerative cooling by flowing room temperature RP-1 through resistively heated copper tubing. A Regression analysis is performed on the data to determine the heat transfer correlation for Nusselt number as a function of Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. Each measurement and calculation is analyzed to identify sources of uncertainty, including RP-1 property variations. Monte Carlo simulation is used to determine how each uncertainty source propagates through the regression and an overall uncertainty in predicted heat transfer coefficient. The implications of these uncertainties on engine design and ways to minimize existing uncertainties are discussed.

About the Library - Betty Petersen Memorial Library

Science.gov Websites

, Maryland. History and Mission: Betty Petersen Memorial Library began as a reading room in the NOAA Science Center. The Reading Room was founded as a labor of love by Betty Petersen, librarian and wife of Dr Petersen managed the NOAA Science Center Reading Room from 1989 to 1994, when she transferred to the NOAA

Teaching a La Cart: Music on Wheels

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barrett, Joelle

2005-01-01

In this article, the author shares her experiences with teaching room-to-room or "from a cart". Depending on the building's structure, she often carried percussion instruments up and down stairs, pushed full-size pianos in and out of rooms, and transferred student books from one classroom to the next, doing what she thought was her job.Teaching…

Accumulation and transport of microbial-size particles in a pressure protected model burn unit: CFD simulations and experimental evidence

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background Controlling airborne contamination is of major importance in burn units because of the high susceptibility of burned patients to infections and the unique environmental conditions that can accentuate the infection risk. In particular the required elevated temperatures in the patient room can create thermal convection flows which can transport airborne contaminates throughout the unit. In order to estimate this risk and optimize the design of an intensive care room intended to host severely burned patients, we have relied on a computational fluid dynamic methodology (CFD). Methods The study was carried out in 4 steps: i) patient room design, ii) CFD simulations of patient room design to model air flows throughout the patient room, adjacent anterooms and the corridor, iii) construction of a prototype room and subsequent experimental studies to characterize its performance iv) qualitative comparison of the tendencies between CFD prediction and experimental results. The Electricité De France (EDF) open-source software Code_Saturne® (http://www.code-saturne.org) was used and CFD simulations were conducted with an hexahedral mesh containing about 300 000 computational cells. The computational domain included the treatment room and two anterooms including equipment, staff and patient. Experiments with inert aerosol particles followed by time-resolved particle counting were conducted in the prototype room for comparison with the CFD observations. Results We found that thermal convection can create contaminated zones near the ceiling of the room, which can subsequently lead to contaminate transfer in adjacent rooms. Experimental confirmation of these phenomena agreed well with CFD predictions and showed that particles greater than one micron (i.e. bacterial or fungal spore sizes) can be influenced by these thermally induced flows. When the temperature difference between rooms was 7°C, a significant contamination transfer was observed to enter into the positive pressure room when the access door was opened, while 2°C had little effect. Based on these findings the constructed burn unit was outfitted with supplemental air exhaust ducts over the doors to compensate for the thermal convective flows. Conclusions CFD simulations proved to be a particularly useful tool for the design and optimization of a burn unit treatment room. Our results, which have been confirmed qualitatively by experimental investigation, stressed that airborne transfer of microbial size particles via thermal convection flows are able to bypass the protective overpressure in the patient room, which can represent a potential risk of cross contamination between rooms in protected environments. PMID:21371304

Accumulation and transport of microbial-size particles in a pressure protected model burn unit: CFD simulations and experimental evidence.

PubMed

Beauchêne, Christian; Laudinet, Nicolas; Choukri, Firas; Rousset, Jean-Luc; Benhamadouche, Sofiane; Larbre, Juliette; Chaouat, Marc; Benbunan, Marc; Mimoun, Maurice; Lajonchère, Jean-Patrick; Bergeron, Vance; Derouin, Francis

2011-03-03

Controlling airborne contamination is of major importance in burn units because of the high susceptibility of burned patients to infections and the unique environmental conditions that can accentuate the infection risk. In particular the required elevated temperatures in the patient room can create thermal convection flows which can transport airborne contaminates throughout the unit. In order to estimate this risk and optimize the design of an intensive care room intended to host severely burned patients, we have relied on a computational fluid dynamic methodology (CFD). The study was carried out in 4 steps: i) patient room design, ii) CFD simulations of patient room design to model air flows throughout the patient room, adjacent anterooms and the corridor, iii) construction of a prototype room and subsequent experimental studies to characterize its performance iv) qualitative comparison of the tendencies between CFD prediction and experimental results. The Electricité De France (EDF) open-source software Code_Saturne® (http://www.code-saturne.org) was used and CFD simulations were conducted with an hexahedral mesh containing about 300 000 computational cells. The computational domain included the treatment room and two anterooms including equipment, staff and patient. Experiments with inert aerosol particles followed by time-resolved particle counting were conducted in the prototype room for comparison with the CFD observations. We found that thermal convection can create contaminated zones near the ceiling of the room, which can subsequently lead to contaminate transfer in adjacent rooms. Experimental confirmation of these phenomena agreed well with CFD predictions and showed that particles greater than one micron (i.e. bacterial or fungal spore sizes) can be influenced by these thermally induced flows. When the temperature difference between rooms was 7°C, a significant contamination transfer was observed to enter into the positive pressure room when the access door was opened, while 2°C had little effect. Based on these findings the constructed burn unit was outfitted with supplemental air exhaust ducts over the doors to compensate for the thermal convective flows. CFD simulations proved to be a particularly useful tool for the design and optimization of a burn unit treatment room. Our results, which have been confirmed qualitatively by experimental investigation, stressed that airborne transfer of microbial size particles via thermal convection flows are able to bypass the protective overpressure in the patient room, which can represent a potential risk of cross contamination between rooms in protected environments.

Boosting surface charge-transfer doping efficiency and robustness of diamond with WO3 and ReO3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tordjman, Moshe; Weinfeld, Kamira; Kalish, Rafi

2017-09-01

An advanced charge-transfer yield is demonstrated by employing single monolayers of transition-metal oxides—tungsten trioxide (WO3) and rhenium trioxide (ReO3)—deposited on the hydrogenated diamond surface, resulting in improved p-type sheet conductivity and thermal stability. Surface conductivities, as determined by Hall effect measurements as a function of temperature for WO3, yield a record sheet hole carrier concentration value of up to 2.52 × 1014 cm-2 at room temperature for only a few monolayers of coverage. Transfer doping with ReO3 exhibits a consistent narrow sheet carrier concentration value of around 3 × 1013 cm-2, exhibiting a thermal stability of up to 450 °C. This enhanced conductivity and temperature robustness exceed those reported for previously exposed surface electron acceptor materials used so far on a diamond surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements of the C1s core level shift as a function of WO3 and ReO3 layer thicknesses are used to determine the respective increase in surface band bending of the accumulation layers, leading to a different sub-surface two-dimensional hole gas formation efficiency in both cases. This substantial difference in charge-exchange efficiency is unexpected since both surface acceptors have very close work functions. Consequently, these results lead us to consider additional factors influencing the transfer doping mechanism. Transfer doping with WO3 reveals the highest yet reported transfer doping efficiency per minimal surface acceptor coverage. This improved surface conductivity performance and thermal stability will promote the realization of 2D diamond-based electronic devices facing process fabrication challenges.

Rapid and high throughput fabrication of high temperature stable structures through PDMS transfer printing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hohenberger, Erik; Freitag, Nathan; Korampally, Venumadhav

2017-07-01

We report on a facile and low cost fabrication approach for structures—gratings and enclosed nanochannels, through simple solution processed chemistries in conjunction with nanotransfer printing techniques. The ink formulation primarily consisting of an organosilicate polymeric network with a small percentage of added 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane crosslinker allows one to obtain robust structures that are not only stable towards high temperature processing steps as high as 550 °C but also exhibit exceptional stability against a host of organic solvent washes. No discernable structure distortion was observed compared to the as-printed structures (room temperature processed) when printed structures were subjected to temperatures as high as 550 °C. We further demonstrate the applicability of this technique towards the fabrication of more complex nanostructures such as enclosed channels through a double transfer method, leveraging the exceptional room temperature cross-linking ability of the printed structures and their subsequent resistance to dissolution in organic solvent washes. The exceptional temperature and physico-chemical stability of the nanotransfer printed structures makes this a useful fabrication tool that may be applied as is, or integrated with conventional lithographic techniques for the large area fabrication of functional nanostructures and devices.

KSC-06pd0857

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-05-17

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- On Launch Pad 39B at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, the payload canister holding Space Shuttle Discovery's payloads nears the payload changeout room on the rotating service structure. The red umbilical lines are still attached. The payload changeout room provides an environmentally clean or "white room" condition in which to receive a payload transferred from a protective payload canister. After the shuttle arrives at the pad, the rotating service structure will close around it and the payloads, which include the multi-purpose logistics module and integrated cargo carrier, will then be transferred from the changeout room into Discovery's payload bay. Discovery's launch to the International Space Station on mission STS-121 is targeted for July 1 in a launch window that extends to July 19. During the 12-day mission, crew members will test new hardware and techniques to improve shuttle safety. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-06pd0858

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-05-17

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- On Launch Pad 39B at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, the payload canister holding Space Shuttle Discovery's payloads nears the payload changeout room on the rotating service structure. The red umbilical lines are still attached. The payload changeout room provides an environmentally clean or "white room" condition in which to receive a payload transferred from a protective payload canister. After the shuttle arrives at the pad, the rotating service structure will close around it and the payloads, which include the multi-purpose logistics module and integrated cargo carrier, will then be transferred from the changeout room into Discovery's payload bay. Discovery's launch to the International Space Station on mission STS-121 is targeted for July 1 in a launch window that extends to July 19. During the 12-day mission, crew members will test new hardware and techniques to improve shuttle safety. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-06pd0856

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-05-17

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- On Launch Pad 39B at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, the payload canister holding Space Shuttle Discovery's payloads is lifted toward the payload changeout room on the rotating service structure. The red umbilical lines are still attached. The payload changeout room provides an environmentally clean or "white room" condition in which to receive a payload transferred from a protective payload canister. After the shuttle arrives at the pad, the rotating service structure will close around it and the payloads, which include the multi-purpose logistics module and integrated cargo carrier, will then be transferred from the changeout room into Discovery's payload bay. Discovery's launch to the International Space Station on mission STS-121 is targeted for July 1 in a launch window that extends to July 19. During the 12-day mission, crew members will test new hardware and techniques to improve shuttle safety. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

In situ straining investigation of slip transfer across α2 lamellae at room temperature in a lamellar TiAl alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, J. B.; Molénat, G.; Sundararaman, M.; Banerjee, S.; Saada, G.; Veyssière, P.; Couret, A.

2006-01-01

Processes by which deformation spreads throughout a lamellar TiAl alloy have been investigated by in situ tensile experiments performed at room temperature in a transmission electron microscope. Several situations are found and analysed in which dislocations cross the ?/a2 interfaces and the a2 lamellae - the hard phase of the structure. Conditions by which strain transfer can be elastically mediated across sufficiently thin a2 lamellae are discussed.

KSC-06pd1677

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-07-26

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - On Launch Pad 39B, the payload canister is lifted toward the payload changeout room (PCR) for transfer of its cargo into the PCR. The canister holds the payload for Atlantis and mission STS-115, the Port 3/4 truss segment with two large solar arrays. The red umbilical lines are still attached to the transporter, below it. To the right of the rotating structure is the fixed service structure with the 80-foot lightning mast on top. The payload changeout room provides an environmentally clean or "white room" condition in which to receive a payload transferred from a protective payload canister. After the shuttle arrives at the pad, the rotating service structure will close around it and the payload will then be transferred into Atlantis' payload bay. Atlantis' launch window begins Aug. 28. During its 11-day mission to the International Space Station, the STS-115 crew of six astronauts will install the truss, a 17-ton segment of the space station's truss backbone. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

Effects of enviromental temperature and femoral fracture on wound healing in rats.

PubMed

Crowley, L V; Seifter, E; Kriss, P; Rettura, G; Nakao, K; Levenson, S M

1977-06-01

Femoral fracture, unilateral and bilateral, impaired the healing of dorsal skin incisions and formation of reparative granulation tissue in subcutaneously implanted polyvinyl alcohol sponges judged histologically and by breaking strengths and hydroxyproline contents, respectively, 1 week after injury in pair-fed rats kept at 22 degrees C. When rats were transferred to a room at 30 degrees C immediately after skin incision and sponge implants, with or without unilateral fracture, no differences in healing were observed between the two groups. Rats with skin incision, sponge implants, and either femoral fracture or sham-fracture excreted more urinary nitrogen than preoperatively when kept at 22 degrees. Counterpart groups transferred to a 30 degrees room right after operation excreted less urinary nitrogen than preoperatively, but because of lower food intakes postoperatively, the ratio of urinary nitrogen to food intake nitrogen was increased. With equivalent food intakes, pair-fed rats with fracture kept at 22 degrees postoperatively lost more weight and excreted more nitrogen than corresponding rats transfered to a 30 degrees room.

Design, Synthesis, and Validation of an Effective, Reusable Silicon-Based Transfer Agent for Room-Temperature Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of Aryl and Heteroaryl Chlorides with Readily Available Aryl Lithium Reagents

PubMed Central

Martinez-Solorio, Dionicio; Melillo, Bruno; Sanchez, Luis; Liang, Yong; Lam, Erwin; Houk, K. N.; Smith, Amos B.

2016-01-01

A reusable silicon-based transfer agent (1) has been designed, synthesized, and validated for effective room-temperature palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions (CCRs) of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides with readily accessible aryl lithium reagents. The crystalline, bench-stable siloxane transfer agent (1) is easily prepared via a one-step protocol. Importantly, this “green” CCR protocol circumvents prefunctionalization, isolation of organometallic cross-coupling partners, and/or stoichiometric waste aside from LiCl. DFT calculations support a σ-bond metathesis mechanism during transmetalation and lead to insights on the importance of the CF3 groups. PMID:26835838

"Click chemistry" in tailor-made polymethacrylates bearing reactive furfuryl functionality: a new class of self-healing polymeric material.

PubMed

Kavitha, A Amalin; Singha, Nikhil K

2009-07-01

This investigation reports the effective use of the Diels-Alder (DA) reaction, a "click reaction" in the preparation of thermally amendable and self-healing polymeric materials having reactive furfuryl functionality. In this case, the DA and retro-DA (rDA) reactions were carried out between the tailor-made homo- and copolymer of furfuryl methacrylate prepared by atom-transfer radical polymerization and a bismaleimide (BM). The kinetic studies of DA and rDA reactions were carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The DA polymers were insoluble in toluene at room temperature. When the DA polymers were heated at 100 degrees C in toluene, it was soluble. This is because of the cleavage between furfuryl functionality and BM. The chemical cross-link density was determined by the Flory-Rehner equation. The cross-linked polymer showed much greater adhesive strength at room temperature, but the adhesive strength was quite low at higher temperature. The self-healing capability was studied by using scanning electron microscopy analysis. The thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the thermally amendable cross-linked materials were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis.

6. Interior view of control panels on wall of the ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. Interior view of control panels on wall of the signal transfer room on the west side of the Signal Transfer Building (T-28A). - Air Force Plant PJKS, Systems Integration Laboratory, Signal Transfer Building, Waterton Canyon Road & Colorado Highway 121, Lakewood, Jefferson County, CO

Green buildings: Implications for acousticians

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Noble, Michael R.

2005-04-01

This presentation will deal with the practical implications of green design protocols of the US Green Building Council on interior acoustics of buildings. Three areas of particular consequence to acousticians will be discussed. Ventilation Systems: reduced energy consumption goals dictate reliance on natural cooling and ventilation using ambient air when possible. The consequent large openings in the building envelope to bring fresh air into rooms, and similar sized openings to transfer the mixed air out, can severely compromise the noise isolation of the rooms concerned. Radiant Cooling: the heavy concrete floors of buildings can be used as a thermal flywheel to lessen the cooling load, which forces the concrete ceilings to be exposed to the occupied rooms for heat transfer, and strictly limits the application of acoustical absorption on the ceilings. This challenges the room acoustics design. Green Materials: the LEED protocols require the elimination of potentially harmful finishes, including fibrous materials which may impact air quality or contribute to health problems. Since the backbone of sound absorption is glass and mineral fibres, this further challenges provision of superior room acoustics. Examples and commentary will be provided based on current and recent projects.

APTS and rGO co-functionalized pyrenated fluorescent nanonets for representative vapor phase nitroaromatic explosive detection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Linjuan; Zu, Baiyi; Yang, Zheng; Cao, Hongyu; Zheng, Xuefang; Dou, Xincun

2014-01-01

For the first time, flexible PVP/pyrene/APTS/rGO fluorescent nanonets were designed and synthesized via a one-step electrospinning method to detect representative subsaturated nitroaromatic explosive vapor. The functional fluorescent nanonets, which were highly stable in air, showed an 81% quenching efficiency towards TNT vapor (~10 ppb) with an exposure time of 540 s at room temperature. The nice performance of the nanonets was ascribed to the synergistic effects induced by the specific adsorption properties of APTS, the fast charge transfer properties and the effective π-π interaction with pyrene and TNT of rGO. Compared to the analogues of TNT, the PVP/pyrene/APTS/rGO nanonets showed notable selectivity towards TNT and DNT vapors. The explored functionalization method opens up brand new insight into sensitive and selective detection of vapor phase nitroaromatic explosives.For the first time, flexible PVP/pyrene/APTS/rGO fluorescent nanonets were designed and synthesized via a one-step electrospinning method to detect representative subsaturated nitroaromatic explosive vapor. The functional fluorescent nanonets, which were highly stable in air, showed an 81% quenching efficiency towards TNT vapor (~10 ppb) with an exposure time of 540 s at room temperature. The nice performance of the nanonets was ascribed to the synergistic effects induced by the specific adsorption properties of APTS, the fast charge transfer properties and the effective π-π interaction with pyrene and TNT of rGO. Compared to the analogues of TNT, the PVP/pyrene/APTS/rGO nanonets showed notable selectivity towards TNT and DNT vapors. The explored functionalization method opens up brand new insight into sensitive and selective detection of vapor phase nitroaromatic explosives. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Vapor pressure of TNT and its analogues, fluorescence quenching kinetics, fluorescence quenching efficiencies and additional SEM images. See DOI: 10.1039/c3nr04960d

Investigations of Heat Transfer in Vacuum between Room Temperature and 80 K

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hooks, J.; Demko, J. A.; E Fesmire, J.; Matsumoto, T.

2017-12-01

The heat transfer between room temperature and 80 K is controlled using various insulating material combinations. The modes of heat transfer are well established to be conduction and thermal radiation when in a vacuum. Multi-Layer Insulation (MLI) in a vacuum has long been the best approach. Typically this layered system is applied to the cold surface. This paper investigates the application of MLI to both the cold and warm surface to see whether there is a significant difference. In addition if MLI is on the warm surface, the cold side of the MLI may be below the critical temperature of some high temperature superconducting (HTS) materials. It has been proposed that HTS materials can serve to block thermal radiation. An experiment is conducted to measure this effect. Boil-off calorimetry is the method of measuring the heat transfer.

50 CFR 679.91 - Amendment 80 Program annual harvester privileges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) Hand delivery or carrier: NMFS, Room 713, 709 West 9th Street, Juneau, AK 99801. (iv) Electronic: http... using the transferor's NMFS ID, password, and Transfer Key and submitting the transfer request, the... on the computer screen. By using the transferee's NMFS ID, password and Transfer Key, the designated...

50 CFR 679.91 - Amendment 80 Program annual harvester privileges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., Room 713, 709 West 9th Street, Juneau, AK 99801. (iv) Electronic: http://alaskafisheries.noaa.gov. (2... using the transferor's NMFS ID, password, and Transfer Key and submitting the transfer request, the... on the computer screen. By using the transferee's NMFS ID, password and Transfer Key, the designated...

50 CFR 679.91 - Amendment 80 Program annual harvester privileges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) Hand delivery or carrier: NMFS, Room 713, 709 West 9th Street, Juneau, AK 99801. (iv) Electronic: http... using the transferor's NMFS ID, password, and Transfer Key and submitting the transfer request, the... on the computer screen. By using the transferee's NMFS ID, password and Transfer Key, the designated...

50 CFR 679.91 - Amendment 80 Program annual harvester privileges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...) Hand delivery or carrier: NMFS, Room 713, 709 West 9th Street, Juneau, AK 99801. (iv) Electronic: http... using the transferor's NMFS ID, password, and Transfer Key and submitting the transfer request, the... on the computer screen. By using the transferee's NMFS ID, password and Transfer Key, the designated...

50 CFR 679.91 - Amendment 80 Program annual harvester privileges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) Hand delivery or carrier: NMFS, Room 713, 709 West 9th Street, Juneau, AK 99801. (iv) Electronic: http... using the transferor's NMFS ID, password, and Transfer Key and submitting the transfer request, the... on the computer screen. By using the transferee's NMFS ID, password and Transfer Key, the designated...

7 CFR 58.241 - Packaging, repackaging and storage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... contamination. The room should be vacuumed as often as necessary and kept clean and orderly. ... clean, sound commercially accepted container or packaging material which will satisfactorily protect the... them practically free of residual product before being transferred from the filling room to the...

7 CFR 58.241 - Packaging, repackaging and storage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... contamination. The room should be vacuumed as often as necessary and kept clean and orderly. ... clean, sound commercially accepted container or packaging material which will satisfactorily protect the... them practically free of residual product before being transferred from the filling room to the...

Selective Area Band Engineering of Graphene using Cobalt-Mediated Oxidation.

PubMed

Bazylewski, Paul F; Nguyen, Van Luan; Bauer, Robert P C; Hunt, Adrian H; McDermott, Eamon J G; Leedahl, Brett D; Kukharenko, Andrey I; Cholakh, Seif O; Kurmaev, Ernst Z; Blaha, Peter; Moewes, Alexander; Lee, Young Hee; Chang, Gap Soo

2015-10-21

This study reports a scalable and economical method to open a band gap in single layer graphene by deposition of cobalt metal on its surface using physical vapor deposition in high vacuum. At low cobalt thickness, clusters form at impurity sites on the graphene without etching or damaging the graphene. When exposed to oxygen at room temperature, oxygen functional groups form in proportion to the cobalt thickness that modify the graphene band structure. Cobalt/Graphene resulting from this treatment can support a band gap of 0.30 eV, while remaining largely undamaged to preserve its structural and electrical properties. A mechanism of cobalt-mediated band opening is proposed as a two-step process starting with charge transfer from metal to graphene, followed by formation of oxides where cobalt has been deposited. Contributions from the formation of both CoO and oxygen functional groups on graphene affect the electronic structure to open a band gap. This study demonstrates that cobalt-mediated oxidation is a viable method to introduce a band gap into graphene at room temperature that could be applicable in electronics applications.

Selective Area Band Engineering of Graphene using Cobalt-Mediated Oxidation

PubMed Central

Bazylewski, Paul F.; Nguyen, Van Luan; Bauer, Robert P.C.; Hunt, Adrian H.; McDermott, Eamon J. G.; Leedahl, Brett D.; Kukharenko, Andrey I.; Cholakh, Seif O.; Kurmaev, Ernst Z.; Blaha, Peter; Moewes, Alexander; Lee, Young Hee; Chang, Gap Soo

2015-01-01

This study reports a scalable and economical method to open a band gap in single layer graphene by deposition of cobalt metal on its surface using physical vapor deposition in high vacuum. At low cobalt thickness, clusters form at impurity sites on the graphene without etching or damaging the graphene. When exposed to oxygen at room temperature, oxygen functional groups form in proportion to the cobalt thickness that modify the graphene band structure. Cobalt/Graphene resulting from this treatment can support a band gap of 0.30 eV, while remaining largely undamaged to preserve its structural and electrical properties. A mechanism of cobalt-mediated band opening is proposed as a two-step process starting with charge transfer from metal to graphene, followed by formation of oxides where cobalt has been deposited. Contributions from the formation of both CoO and oxygen functional groups on graphene affect the electronic structure to open a band gap. This study demonstrates that cobalt-mediated oxidation is a viable method to introduce a band gap into graphene at room temperature that could be applicable in electronics applications. PMID:26486966

Methods to reduce the CO(2) concentration of educational buildings utilizing internal ventilation by transferred air.

PubMed

Kalema, T; Viot, M

2014-02-01

The aim of this study is to develop internal ventilation by transferred air to achieve a good indoor climate with low energy consumption in educational buildings with constant air volume (CAV) ventilation. Both measurements of CO2 concentration and a multi-room calculation model are presented. The study analyzes how to use more efficiently the available spaces and the capacity of CAV ventilation systems in existing buildings and the impact this has on the indoor air quality and the energy consumption of the ventilation. The temperature differences can be used to create natural ventilation airflows between neighboring spaces. The behavior of temperature-driven airflows between rooms was studied and included in the calculation model. The effect of openings between neighboring spaces, such as doors or large apertures in the walls, on the CO2 concentration was studied in different classrooms. The air temperatures and CO2 concentrations were measured using a wireless, internet-based measurement system. The multi-room calculation model predicted the CO2 concentration in the rooms, which was then compared with the measured ones. Using transferred air between occupied and unoccupied spaces can noticeably reduce the total mechanical ventilation rates needed to keep a low CO2 concentration. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Impact of the formaldehyde concentration in the air on the sink effect of a coating material

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tiffonnet, Anne-Lise; Tourreilles, Céline; Duforestel, Thierry

2018-02-01

This study aims to characterize, from a numerical modelling, the sorption behaviour of a material (a plasticised flooring material) when it is exposed to a pollutant commonly encountered in indoor environments (formaldehyde). It deals with the influence of the pollutant concentration in the room air on the sink effect of the material. The numerical simulations are based on a macroscopic modelling using experimental test results obtained elsewhere. The consequences on the room inertia are also discussed, and analogies between mass transfer and heat transfer are highlighted.

Analytical Tools for Functional Assessment of Architectural Layouts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bąkowski, Jarosław

2017-10-01

Functional layout of the building, understood as a layout or set of the facility rooms (or groups of rooms) with a system of internal communication, creates an environment and a place of mutual relations between the occupants of the object. Achieving optimal (from the occupants’ point of view) spatial arrangement is possible through activities that often go beyond the stage of architectural design. Adopted in the architectural design, most often during trial and error process or on the basis of previous experience (evidence-based design), functional layout is subject to continuous evaluation and dynamic changing since the beginning of its use. Such verification of the occupancy phase allows to plan future, possible transformations, as well as to develop model solutions for use in other settings. In broader terms, the research hypothesis is to examine whether and how the collected datasets concerning the facility and its utilization can be used to develop methods for assessing functional layout of buildings. In other words, if it is possible to develop an objective method of assessing functional layouts basing on a set of buildings’ parameters: technical, technological and functional ones and whether the method allows developing a set of tools enhancing the design methodology of complex functional objects. By linking the design with the construction phase it is possible to build parametric models of functional layouts, especially in the context of sustainable design or lean design in every aspect: ecological (by reducing the property’s impact on environment), economic (by optimizing its cost) and social (through the implementation of high-performance work environment). Parameterization of size and functional connections of the facility become part of the analyses, as well as the element of model solutions. The “lean” approach means the process of analysis of the existing scheme and consequently - finding weak points as well as means for eliminating these defects. This approach, supplemented by the method of reverse engineering means that already in the design phase there is essential knowledge about the functioning of the facility. It is far beyond intuitive knowledge, based on the standards and specifications. In the scope of reverse engineering methods, the subject of the research is an audit of the product (i.e. architectural design, especially the built spatial layout) in order to determine exactly how it works. Information gained in this way is to help building a system for supporting decisions for preparing design solutions for future investments as well as the functional analysis itself becomes an essential part of the setting up building information process. The data are presented with graphical methods as networks of different factors between rooms. The direct analytical method for the setting is to determine the functional collision between users’ tracks, finding or indication of the shortest paths connecting analyzed rooms and finally to identify the optimal location of these rooms (each according to different factor). The measurement data are supplemented by the results of surveys conducted among users of hospitals, statistics and quantitative medical procedures performed in the test section of the hospital. The results of research are transferred and integrated with BIM system (building information modelling system), and included in the specifications of the IFC (Industry Foundation Classes), especially at the level of information on the relationship between the individual properties associated with elements (in the case of hospitals it may be information about the necessary connections with other rooms, access times from or to specific rooms, rooms utilization conditions, fire safety protection and conditions and many other). At the level of the BIM specification the model data are integrated at the BIM 6D (an extension of the model data with a range of functional analysis) or even BIM 7D (additional integration with systems used at the stage of operation and maintenance of the facility).

Method for heat treating and sintering metal oxides with microwave radiation

DOEpatents

Holcombe, Cressie E.; Dykes, Norman L.; Meek, Thomas T.

1989-01-01

A method for microwave sintering materials, primarily metal oxides, is described. Metal oxides do not normally absorb microwave radiation at temperatures ranging from about room temperature to several hundred degrees centrigrade are sintered with microwave radiation without the use of the heretofore required sintering aids. This sintering is achieved by enclosing a compact of the oxide material in a housing or capsule formed of a oxide which has microwave coupling properties at room temprature up to at least the microwave coupling temperature of the oxide material forming the compact. The heating of the housing effects the initial heating of the oxide material forming the compact by heat transference and then functions as a thermal insulator for the encased oxide material after the oxide material reaches a sufficient temperature to adequately absorb or couple with microwave radiation for heating thereof to sintering temperature.

5. Interior view of instrumentation, controls, and monitoring equipment on ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Interior view of instrumentation, controls, and monitoring equipment on north and east walls of the signal transfer room on the west side of the Signal Transfer Building (T-28A). - Air Force Plant PJKS, Systems Integration Laboratory, Signal Transfer Building, Waterton Canyon Road & Colorado Highway 121, Lakewood, Jefferson County, CO

46 CFR 153.525 - Special requirements for unusually toxic cargoes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... from the weatherdeck. (d) A heat transfer system for the cargo must: (1) Be independent of other ship service systems, except for other cargo heat transfer systems, and not enter the engine room; (2) Be...

46 CFR 153.525 - Special requirements for unusually toxic cargoes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... from the weatherdeck. (d) A heat transfer system for the cargo must: (1) Be independent of other ship service systems, except for other cargo heat transfer systems, and not enter the engine room; (2) Be...

Engineering live cell surfaces with functional polymers via cytocompatible controlled radical polymerization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Niu, Jia; Lunn, David J.; Pusuluri, Anusha; Yoo, Justin I.; O'Malley, Michelle A.; Mitragotri, Samir; Soh, H. Tom; Hawker, Craig J.

2017-06-01

The capability to graft synthetic polymers onto the surfaces of live cells offers the potential to manipulate and control their phenotype and underlying cellular processes. Conventional grafting-to strategies for conjugating preformed polymers to cell surfaces are limited by low polymer grafting efficiency. Here we report an alternative grafting-from strategy for directly engineering the surfaces of live yeast and mammalian cells through cell surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization. By developing cytocompatible PET-RAFT (photoinduced electron transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization), synthetic polymers with narrow polydispersity (Mw/Mn < 1.3) could be obtained at room temperature in 5 minutes. This polymerization strategy enables chain growth to be initiated directly from chain-transfer agents anchored on the surface of live cells using either covalent attachment or non-covalent insertion, while maintaining high cell viability. Compared with conventional grafting-to approaches, these methods significantly improve the efficiency of grafting polymer chains and enable the active manipulation of cellular phenotypes.

A simultaneous characterization and uncertainty analysis of thermal conductivity and diffusivity of bio-insulate material "Palm date Wood" obtained from a periodic method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tlijani, M.; Ben Younes, R.; Durastanti, J. F.; Boudenne, A.

2010-11-01

A periodic method is used to determine simultaneously both thermal conductivity and diffusivity of various insulate materials at room temperature. The sample is placed between two metallic plates and temperature modulation is applied on the front side of one of the metallic plates. The temperature at the front and rear sides of both plates is measured and the experimental transfer function is calculated. The theoretical thermal heat transfer function is calculated by the quadripole method. Thermal conductivity and diffusivity are simultaneously identified from both real and imaginary parts of the experimental transfer function. The thermophysical parameters of several wood scale samples obtained from palm wood trees and common trees with unknown thermal properties (E) with different thicknesses were studied. The value identified for the thermal conductivity 0.03 Wm-1 K-1 compared with different insulate solid material such as glass, glass-wool and PVC is much better and close to the air conductivity, It allowed us to consider the wood scale extracted from palm wood trees, bio and renewable material as good heat insulator aiming in the future as a use for lightness applications, insulating or as a reinforcement in a given matrix. These potentialities still unknown are stengthened by the enormous quantity of such kind of wood gathered annually from palm trees and considered as wastes.

45. MAIN MEETING ROOM COLUMNS. Ends of gallery columns identified ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

45. MAIN MEETING ROOM COLUMNS. Ends of gallery columns identified at the time of removal for transfer to the George School for re-erection. The stamp reads, 'REMOVED FROM 12th ST. MTG HSE PHILA 1972'. - Twelfth Street Meeting House, 20 South Twelfth Street, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

7. Interior view of control panels' (see CO88C6) detail on ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. Interior view of control panels' (see CO-88-C-6) detail on wall of the signal transfer room on the west side of the Signal Transfer Building (T-28A). - Air Force Plant PJKS, Systems Integration Laboratory, Signal Transfer Building, Waterton Canyon Road & Colorado Highway 121, Lakewood, Jefferson County, CO

8. Interior view of control panels' (see CO88C6) detail on ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. Interior view of control panels' (see CO-88-C-6) detail on wall of the signal transfer room on the west side of the Signal Transfer Building (T-28A). - Air Force Plant PJKS, Systems Integration Laboratory, Signal Transfer Building, Waterton Canyon Road & Colorado Highway 121, Lakewood, Jefferson County, CO

Crystalline TiO 2 grafted with poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) via surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Yuancong; Tu, Qiufen; Wang, Jin; Huang, Qiongjian; Huang, Nan

2010-12-01

Crystalline TiO 2 films were prepared by unbalanced magnetron sputtering and the structure was confirmed by XRD. An organic layer of 11-hydroxyundecylphosphonic acid (HUPA) was prepared on the TiO 2 films by self-assembling, and the HUPA on TiO 2 films was confirmed by FTIR analysis. Simultaneously, hydroxyl groups were introduced in the phosphonic acid molecules to provide a functionality for further chemical modification. 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), a biomimetic monomer, was chemically grafted on the HUPA surfaces at room temperature by surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization. The surface characters of TiO 2 films modified by poly-MPC were confirmed by FTIR, XPS and SEM analysis. Platelet adhesion experiment revealed that poly-MPC modified surface was effective to inhibit platelet adhesion in vitro.

Does similarity in call structure or foraging ecology explain interspecific information transfer in wild Myotis bats?

PubMed

Hügel, Theresa; van Meir, Vincent; Muñoz-Meneses, Amanda; Clarin, B-Markus; Siemers, Björn M; Goerlitz, Holger R

2017-01-01

Animals can gain important information by attending to the signals and cues of other animals in their environment, with acoustic information playing a major role in many taxa. Echolocation call sequences of bats contain information about the identity and behaviour of the sender which is perceptible to close-by receivers. Increasing evidence supports the communicative function of echolocation within species, yet data about its role for interspecific information transfer is scarce. Here, we asked which information bats extract from heterospecific echolocation calls during foraging. In three linked playback experiments, we tested in the flight room and field if foraging Myotis bats approached the foraging call sequences of conspecifics and four heterospecifics that were similar in acoustic call structure only (acoustic similarity hypothesis), in foraging ecology only (foraging similarity hypothesis), both, or none. Compared to the natural prey capture rate of 1.3 buzzes per minute of bat activity, our playbacks of foraging sequences with 23-40 buzzes/min simulated foraging patches with significantly higher profitability. In the flight room, M. capaccinii only approached call sequences of conspecifics and of the heterospecific M. daubentonii with similar acoustics and foraging ecology. In the field, M. capaccinii and M. daubentonii only showed a weak positive response to those two species. Our results confirm information transfer across species boundaries and highlight the importance of context on the studied behaviour, but cannot resolve whether information transfer in trawling Myotis is based on acoustic similarity only or on a combination of similarity in acoustics and foraging ecology. Animals transfer information, both voluntarily and inadvertently, and within and across species boundaries. In echolocating bats, acoustic call structure and foraging ecology are linked, making echolocation calls a rich source of information about species identity, ecology and activity of the sender, which receivers might exploit to find profitable foraging grounds. We tested in three lab and field experiments if information transfer occurs between bat species and if bats obtain information about ecology from echolocation calls. Myotis capaccinii/daubentonii bats approached call playbacks, but only those from con- and heterospecifics with similar call structure and foraging ecology, confirming interspecific information transfer. Reactions differed between lab and field, emphasising situation-dependent differences in animal behaviour, the importance of field research, and the need for further studies on the underlying mechanism of information transfer and the relative contributions of acoustic and ecological similarity.

Demonstration testing of a surveillance robot at Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant: Analysis of costs and benefits

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

White, J.R.; Farnstrom, K.A.; Harvey, H.W.

1987-03-01

This report presents the results of an NRC project to determine whether robotics equipment can be cost effective in performing surveillance and inspection work at existing nuclear power plants. A mobile surveillance robot, called SURBOT, was developed by the Remote Technology Corporation (REMOTEC) to perform visual, sound, and radiation surveillance within rooms designated as radiologically hazardous. SURBOT was tested in the turbine building of the Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant (BFNP) by TVA personnel for a five-month period. The results showed that SURBOT obtains higher quality data and can perform more thorough surveillance within radiation areas than workers wearing protective clothing.more » SURBOT can be transferred between rooms without releasing contamination in the hallways using a portable enclosure. TVA has estimated that over 100 person-rem exposure and $100,000 operating costs can be saved annually at the BFNP using SURBOT for surveillance in 54 turbine and reactor building rooms. TVA recommendations for improving the function, reliability, and maintainability have been incorporated into a production model of SURBOT which is now commercially available from REMOTEC along with other types of mobile robots and manipulators.« less

Charge transfer at the interface between ferromagnetic La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 and superconducting EuBa2Cu3O7 probed by STM/STS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yinghao; Xiong, Jie

2012-02-01

La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) is a ferromagnetic half-metallic compound with nearly 100% spin polarization at room temperature, making it an ideal candidate for applications in spintronic devices. However, this useful functionality disappears when the thickness of LSMO film grown on SrTiO3 substrate is reduced to below 4 nm, limiting its application in nanoscale devices. Here, we show that metallic and ferromagnetic properties of ultrathin (< 4nm) LSMO film can be restored by interfacing it with a superconductor EuBa2Cu3O7- δ (EBCO). We use scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy to probe the evolution of the electronic structure of LSMO film grown on EBCO as functions of LSMO layer thickness and aging of bilayer LSMO/EBCO. Our results reveal that the charge (hole) transfer at LSMO/EBCO interface is responsible for driving LSMO film (of only five-unit-cell thickness) to metallic state. The conductive behavior of aged LSMO/EBCO bilayers varies systematically with the thickness of LSMO layer, allowing us to estimate the charge-transfer depth to be 4˜5 nm on the LSMO side.

Heat pump/refrigerator using liquid working fluid

DOEpatents

Wheatley, John C.; Paulson, Douglas N.; Allen, Paul C.; Knight, William R.; Warkentin, Paul A.

1982-01-01

A heat transfer device is described that can be operated as a heat pump or refrigerator, which utilizes a working fluid that is continuously in a liquid state and which has a high temperature-coefficient of expansion near room temperature, to provide a compact and high efficiency heat transfer device for relatively small temperature differences as are encountered in heating or cooling rooms or the like. The heat transfer device includes a pair of heat exchangers that may be coupled respectively to the outdoor and indoor environments, a regenerator connecting the two heat exchangers, a displacer that can move the liquid working fluid through the heat exchangers via the regenerator, and a means for alternately increasing and decreasing the pressure of the working fluid. The liquid working fluid enables efficient heat transfer in a compact unit, and leads to an explosion-proof smooth and quiet machine characteristic of hydraulics. The device enables efficient heat transfer as the indoor-outdoor temperature difference approaches zero, and enables simple conversion from heat pumping to refrigeration as by merely reversing the direction of a motor that powers the device.

9. Interior view of control panels' (see CO88C6) detail and ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. Interior view of control panels' (see CO-88-C-6) detail and control junction box on wall of the signal transfer room on the west side of the Signal Transfer Building (T-28A). - Air Force Plant PJKS, Systems Integration Laboratory, Signal Transfer Building, Waterton Canyon Road & Colorado Highway 121, Lakewood, Jefferson County, CO

Role of an elliptical structure in photosynthetic energy transfer: Collaboration between quantum entanglement and thermal fluctuation

PubMed Central

Oka, Hisaki

2016-01-01

Recent experiments have revealed that the light-harvesting complex 1 (LH1) in purple photosynthetic bacteria has an elliptical structure. Generally, symmetry lowering in a structure leads to a decrease in quantum effects (quantum coherence and entanglement), which have recently been considered to play a role in photosynthetic energy transfer, and hence, elliptical structure seems to work against efficient photosynthetic energy transfer. Here we analyse the effect of an elliptical structure on energy transfer in a purple photosynthetic bacterium and reveal that the elliptical distortion rather enhances energy transfer from peripheral LH2 to LH1 at room temperature. Numerical results show that quantum entanglement between LH1 and LH2 is formed over a wider range of high energy levels than would have been the case with circular LH1. Light energy absorbed by LH2 is thermally pumped via thermal fluctuation and is effectively transferred to LH1 through the entangled states at room temperature rather than at low temperature. This result indicates the possibility that photosynthetic systems adopt an elliptical structure to effectively utilise both quantum entanglement and thermal fluctuation at physiological temperature. PMID:27173144

Role of an elliptical structure in photosynthetic energy transfer: Collaboration between quantum entanglement and thermal fluctuation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oka, Hisaki

2016-05-01

Recent experiments have revealed that the light-harvesting complex 1 (LH1) in purple photosynthetic bacteria has an elliptical structure. Generally, symmetry lowering in a structure leads to a decrease in quantum effects (quantum coherence and entanglement), which have recently been considered to play a role in photosynthetic energy transfer, and hence, elliptical structure seems to work against efficient photosynthetic energy transfer. Here we analyse the effect of an elliptical structure on energy transfer in a purple photosynthetic bacterium and reveal that the elliptical distortion rather enhances energy transfer from peripheral LH2 to LH1 at room temperature. Numerical results show that quantum entanglement between LH1 and LH2 is formed over a wider range of high energy levels than would have been the case with circular LH1. Light energy absorbed by LH2 is thermally pumped via thermal fluctuation and is effectively transferred to LH1 through the entangled states at room temperature rather than at low temperature. This result indicates the possibility that photosynthetic systems adopt an elliptical structure to effectively utilise both quantum entanglement and thermal fluctuation at physiological temperature.

Role of an elliptical structure in photosynthetic energy transfer: Collaboration between quantum entanglement and thermal fluctuation.

PubMed

Oka, Hisaki

2016-05-13

Recent experiments have revealed that the light-harvesting complex 1 (LH1) in purple photosynthetic bacteria has an elliptical structure. Generally, symmetry lowering in a structure leads to a decrease in quantum effects (quantum coherence and entanglement), which have recently been considered to play a role in photosynthetic energy transfer, and hence, elliptical structure seems to work against efficient photosynthetic energy transfer. Here we analyse the effect of an elliptical structure on energy transfer in a purple photosynthetic bacterium and reveal that the elliptical distortion rather enhances energy transfer from peripheral LH2 to LH1 at room temperature. Numerical results show that quantum entanglement between LH1 and LH2 is formed over a wider range of high energy levels than would have been the case with circular LH1. Light energy absorbed by LH2 is thermally pumped via thermal fluctuation and is effectively transferred to LH1 through the entangled states at room temperature rather than at low temperature. This result indicates the possibility that photosynthetic systems adopt an elliptical structure to effectively utilise both quantum entanglement and thermal fluctuation at physiological temperature.

Numerical investigations on the effect of slenderness ratio of matrix elements in cryogenic chill down process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reby Roy, K. E.; Mohammed, Jesna; Abhiroop, V. M.; Thekkethil, S. R.

2017-02-01

Cryogenic fluids have many applications in space, medicine, preservation etc. The chill-down of cryogenic fluid transfer line is a complicated phenomenon occurring in most of the cryogenic systems. The cryogenic fluid transfer line, which is initially at room temperature, has to be cooled to the temperature of the cryogen as fast as possible. When the cryogenic fluid at liquid state passes along the line, transient heat transfer between the cryogen and the transfer line causes voracious evaporation of the liquid. This paper makes a contribution to the two-phase flow along a rectangular flow passage consisting of an array of elliptically shaped matrix elements. A simplified 2D model is considered and the problem is solved using ANSYS FLUENT. The present analysis aims to study the influence of the slenderness ratio of matrix elements on the heat transfer rate and chill down time. For a comparative study, matrix elements of slenderness ratios 5 and 10 are considered. Liquid nitrogen at 74K flows through the matrix. The material of the transfer line is assumed to be aluminium which is initially at room temperature. The influence of Reynolds numbers from 800 to 3000 on chill-down is also investigated.

Moving Beyond the Training Room: Fostering Workplace Learning through Online Journaling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cyboran, Vincent L.

2005-01-01

A variety of instructional methods have been shown to be effective in fostering employee learning in workplace training. These include problem-based learning, cooperative learning, and situated learning. Despite their success, however, there are at least two important reasons to actively foster learning beyond the training room: The transfer of…

Heat transfer in freeboard region of fluidized beds

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Biyikli, S.; Tuzla, K.; Chen, J.C.

1983-10-01

This research involved the study of heat transfer and fluid mechanic characteristics around a horizontal tube in the freeboard region of fluidized beds. Heat transfer coefficients were experimetnally measured for different bed temperatures, particle sizes, gas flow rates, and tube elevations in the freeboard region of air fluidized beds at atmospheric pressure. Local heat transfer coefficients were found to vary significantly with angular position around the tube. Average heat transfer coefficients were found to decrease with increasing freeboard tube elevation and approach the values for gas convection plus radiation for any given gas velocity. For a fixed tube elevation, heatmore » transfer coefficients generally increased with increasing gas velocity and with high particle entrainment they can approach the magnitudes found for immersed tubes. Heat transfer coefficients were also found to increase with increasing bed temperature. It was concluded that this increase is partly due to increase of radiative heat transfer and partly due to change of thermal properties of the fluidizing gas and particles. To investigate the fluid mechanic behavior of gas and particles around a freeboard tube, transient particle tube contacts were measured with a special capacitance probe in room temperature experiments. The results indicated that the tube surface experiences alternating dense and lean phase contacts. Quantitative information for local characteristics was obtained from the capacitance signals and used to develop a phenomenological model for prediction of the heat transfer coefficients around freeboard tubes. The packet renewal theory was modified to account for the dense phase heat transfer and a new model was suggested for the lean phase heat transfer. Finally, an empirical freeboard heat transfer correlation was developed from functional analysis of the freeboard heat transfer data using nondimensional groups representing gas velocity and tube elevation.« less

Application of Cryocoolers to a Vintage Dilution Refrigerator

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schmitt, Richard; Smith, Gary; Ruschman, Mark

2011-06-06

A dilution refrigerator is required for 50mK detector operation of CDMS (Cryogenic Dark Matter Search). Besides shielding the dilution refrigerator itself, the liquid nitrogen shield and liquid helium bath in the refrigerator cool the detector cryostat heat shields and cool electronics, resulting in significant external heat loads at 80K and at 4K. An Oxford Instruments Kelvinox 400 has served this role for ten years but required daily transfers of liquid nitrogen and liquid helium. Complicating the cryogen supply is the location 800 meters below ground in an RF shielded, class 10000 clean room at Soudan, MN. Nitrogen and helium re-liquefiersmore » using cryocoolers were installed outside the clean room and continuously condense room temperature gas and return the liquids to the dilution refrigerator through a transfer line. This paper will describe the design, installation, controls and performance of liquefaction systems.« less

KSC-06pd2797

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-12-13

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Firing Room 1 of the Launch Control Center has been stripped of its equipment in preparation for transforming it to support the launch operations for the Ares launch vehicles. The Shuttle Processing Transition Team has worked to decommission Firing Room 1, also known as FR1, for transfer to the Constellation Program. The transition includes removing all the computer systems currently in the room and installing new equipment and software. The room was recently renamed the Young/Crippen Firing Room to honor Commander John Young and Pilot Robert Crippen in tribute to the 25th anniversary of the first space shuttle flight on April 12, 1981. It was this firing room that launched the historic flight and the crew of STS-1, Young and Crippen. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

KSC-06pd2796

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-12-13

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Firing Room 1 of the Launch Control Center has been stripped of its equipment in preparation for transforming it to support the launch operations for the Ares launch vehicles. The Shuttle Processing Transition Team has worked to decommission Firing Room 1, also known as FR1, for transfer to the Constellation Program. The transition includes removing all the computer systems currently in the room and installing new equipment and software. The room was recently renamed the Young/Crippen Firing Room to honor Commander John Young and Pilot Robert Crippen in tribute to the 25th anniversary of the first space shuttle flight on April 12, 1981. It was this firing room that launched the historic flight and the crew of STS-1, Young and Crippen. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

KSC-06pd2795

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-12-13

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Firing Room 1 of the Launch Control Center has been stripped of its equipment in preparation for transforming it to support the launch operations for the Ares launch vehicles. The Shuttle Processing Transition Team has worked to decommission Firing Room 1, also known as FR1, for transfer to the Constellation Program. The transition includes removing all the computer systems currently in the room and installing new equipment and software. The room was recently renamed the Young/Crippen Firing Room to honor Commander John Young and Pilot Robert Crippen in tribute to the 25th anniversary of the first space shuttle flight on April 12, 1981. It was this firing room that launched the historic flight and the crew of STS-1, Young and Crippen. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

Pathways of energy transfer in LHCII revealed by room-temperature 2D electronic spectroscopy.

PubMed

Wells, Kym L; Lambrev, Petar H; Zhang, Zhengyang; Garab, Gyözö; Tan, Howe-Siang

2014-06-21

We present here the first room-temperature 2D electronic spectroscopy study of energy transfer in the plant light-harvesting complex II, LHCII. Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy has been used to study energy transfer dynamics in LHCII trimers from the chlorophyll b Qy band to the chlorophyll a Qy band. Observing cross-peak regions corresponding to couplings between different excitonic states reveals partially resolved fine structure at the exciton level that cannot be isolated by pump-probe or linear spectroscopy measurements alone. Global analysis of the data has been performed to identify the pathways and time constants of energy transfer. The measured waiting time (Tw) dependent 2D spectra are found to be composed of 2D decay-associated spectra with three timescales (0.3 ps, 2.3 ps and >20 ps). Direct and multistep cascading pathways from the high-energy chlorophyll b states to the lowest-energy chlorophyll a states have been resolved occurring on time scales of hundreds of femtoseconds to picoseconds.

Effect of vulcanization temperature and humidity on the properties of RTV silicone rubber

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Xutao; Li, Xiuguang; Hao, Lu; Wen, Xishan; Lan, Lei; Yuan, Xiaoqing; Zhang, Qingping

2017-06-01

In order to study the difference in performance of room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber in vulcanization environment with different temperature and humidity, static contact angle method, FTIR and TG is utilized to depict the properties of hydrophobicity, transfer of hydrophobicity, functional groups and thermal stability of RTV silicone rubber. It is found that different vulcanization conditions have effects on the characteristics of RTV silicone rubber, which shows that the hydrophobicity of RTV silicone rubber changes little with the vulcanization temperature but a slight increase with the vulcanization humidity. Temperature and humidity have obvious effects on the hydrophobicity transfer ability of RTV silicone rubber, which is better when vulcanization temperature is 5°C or vulcanization humidity is 95%. From the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, it can be concluded that humidity and temperature of vulcanization conditions have great effect on the functional groups of silicone rubber, and vulcanization conditions also have effect on thermal stability of RTV silicone rubber. When vulcanization temperature is 5°C or vulcanization humidity is 15% or 95%, the thermal stability of silicone rubber becomes worse.

Amplitude modulation detection by human listeners in reverberant sound fields: Carrier bandwidth effects and binaural versus monaural comparison.

PubMed

Zahorik, Pavel; Kim, Duck O; Kuwada, Shigeyuki; Anderson, Paul W; Brandewie, Eugene; Collecchia, Regina; Srinivasan, Nirmal

2012-06-01

Previous work [Zahorik et al., POMA, 12, 050005 (2011)] has reported that for a broadband noise carrier signal in a simulated reverberant sound field, human sensitivity to amplitude modulation (AM) is higher than would be predicted based on the broadband acoustical modulation transfer function (MTF) of the listening environment. Interpretation of this result was complicated by the fact that acoustical MTFs of rooms are often quite different for different carrier frequency regions, and listeners may have selectively responded to advantageous carrier frequency regions where the effective acoustic modulation loss due to the room was less than indicated by a broadband acoustic MTF analysis. Here, AM sensitivity testing and acoustic MTF analyses were expanded to include narrowband noise carriers (1-octave and 1/3-octave bands centered at 4 kHz), as well as monaural and binaural listening conditions. Narrowband results were found to be consistent with broadband results: In a reverberant sound field, human AM sensitivity is higher than indicated by the acoustical MTFs. The effect was greatest for modulation frequencies above 32 Hz and was present whether the stimulation was monaural or binaural. These results are suggestive of mechanisms that functionally enhance modulation in reverberant listening.

Synthesis, spectroscopic, thermal and electrical conductivity studies of three charge transfer complexes formed between 1,3-di[( E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-propanol Schiff base and different acceptors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Refat, Moamen S.; Ibrahim, Mohamed M.; Moussa, Mohamed A. A.

2012-01-01

Charge-transfer complexes (CTC) resulting from interactions of 1,3-di[( E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl) methylideneamino]-2-propanol Schiff base with some acceptors such as iodine (I2), bromine (Br2), and picric acid (PiA) have been isolated in the solid state in a chloroform solvent at room temperature. Based on elemental analysis, UV-Vis, infrared, and 1H NMR spectra, and thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) of the solid CTC, [(Schiff)(I2)] (1), [(Schiff)(Br2)] complexes with a ratio of 1:1 and [(Schiff)(PiA)3] complexes with 1:3 have been prepared. In the picric acid complex, infrared and 1H NMR spectroscopic data indicate that the charge-transfer interaction is associated with a hydrogen bonding, whereas the iodine and bromine complexes were interpreted in terms of the formation of dative ion pairs [Schiff+, I{2/•-}] and [Schiff+, Br{2/•-}], respectively. Kinetic parameters were obtained for each stage of thermal degradation of the CT complexes using Coats-Redfern and Horowitz-Metzger methods. DC electrical properties as a function of temperature of these charge transfer complexes have been studied.

Fast mean and variance computation of the diffuse sound transmission through finite-sized thick and layered wall and floor systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Decraene, Carolina; Dijckmans, Arne; Reynders, Edwin P. B.

2018-05-01

A method is developed for computing the mean and variance of the diffuse field sound transmission loss of finite-sized layered wall and floor systems that consist of solid, fluid and/or poroelastic layers. This is achieved by coupling a transfer matrix model of the wall or floor to statistical energy analysis subsystem models of the adjacent room volumes. The modal behavior of the wall is approximately accounted for by projecting the wall displacement onto a set of sinusoidal lateral basis functions. This hybrid modal transfer matrix-statistical energy analysis method is validated on multiple wall systems: a thin steel plate, a polymethyl methacrylate panel, a thick brick wall, a sandwich panel, a double-leaf wall with poro-elastic material in the cavity, and a double glazing. The predictions are compared with experimental data and with results obtained using alternative prediction methods such as the transfer matrix method with spatial windowing, the hybrid wave based-transfer matrix method, and the hybrid finite element-statistical energy analysis method. These comparisons confirm the prediction accuracy of the proposed method and the computational efficiency against the conventional hybrid finite element-statistical energy analysis method.

Use of a "secure room" and a security guard in the management of the violent, aggressive or suicidal patient in a rural hospital: a 3-year audit.

PubMed

Brock, Gordon; Gurekas, Vydas; Gelinas, Anne-Fredrique; Rollin, Karina

2009-01-01

Little has been published on the management of psychiatric crises in rural areas, and little is known of the security needs or use of "secure rooms" in rural hospitals. We conducted a 3-year retrospective chart audit on the use of our secure room/security guard system at a rural hospital in a town of 3500, located 220 km from our psychiatric referral centre. Use of our secure room/security guard system occurred at the rate of 1.1 uses/1000 emergency department visits, with the most common indication being physician perception of risk of patient suicide or self-harm. Concern for staff safety was a factor in 10% of uses. Eighty percent of patients were treated locally, with most being released from the secure room after 2 days or less. Fourteen percent of patients required ultimate transfer to our psychiatric referral centre and 6% to a detoxification centre. The average annual cost of security was $16 259.61. A secure room can provide the opportunity for close observation of a potentially self-harming patient, additional security for staff and early warning if a patient flees the hospital. Most admissions were handled locally, obviating the need for transfer to distant psychiatric referral centres. Most patients who were admitted were already known as having a psychiatric illness and 80% of the patients required the use of the secure room/security guard system for less than a 2-night stay, suggesting that most rural mental health crises pass quickly. Most patients admitted to a rural hospital with a mental health crisis can be managed locally if an adequate secure room/security guard system is available.

Simulator training to automaticity leads to improved skill transfer compared with traditional proficiency-based training: a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Stefanidis, Dimitrios; Scerbo, Mark W; Montero, Paul N; Acker, Christina E; Smith, Warren D

2012-01-01

We hypothesized that novices will perform better in the operating room after simulator training to automaticity compared with traditional proficiency based training (current standard training paradigm). Simulator-acquired skill translates to the operating room, but the skill transfer is incomplete. Secondary task metrics reflect the ability of trainees to multitask (automaticity) and may improve performance assessment on simulators and skill transfer by indicating when learning is complete. Novices (N = 30) were enrolled in an IRB-approved, blinded, randomized, controlled trial. Participants were randomized into an intervention (n = 20) and a control (n = 10) group. The intervention group practiced on the FLS suturing task until they achieved expert levels of time and errors (proficiency), were tested on a live porcine fundoplication model, continued simulator training until they achieved expert levels on a visual spatial secondary task (automaticity) and were retested on the operating room (OR) model. The control group participated only during testing sessions. Performance scores were compared within and between groups during testing sessions. : Intervention group participants achieved proficiency after 54 ± 14 and automaticity after additional 109 ± 57 repetitions. Participants achieved better scores in the OR after automaticity training [345 (range, 0-537)] compared with after proficiency-based training [220 (range, 0-452; P < 0.001]. Simulator training to automaticity takes more time but is superior to proficiency-based training, as it leads to improved skill acquisition and transfer. Secondary task metrics that reflect trainee automaticity should be implemented during simulator training to improve learning and skill transfer.

Molecular controlled of quantum nano systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Paltiel, Yossi

2014-03-01

A century ago quantum mechanics created a conceptual revolution whose fruits are now seen in almost any aspect of our day-to-day life. Lasers, transistors and other solid state and optical devices represent the core technology of current computers, memory devices and communication systems. However, all these examples do not exploit fully the quantum revolution as they do not take advantage of the coherent wave-like properties of the quantum wave function. Controlled coherent system and devices at ambient temperatures are challenging to realize. We are developing a novel nano tool box with control coupling between the quantum states and the environment. This tool box that combines nano particles with organic molecules enables the integration of quantum properties with classical existing devices at ambient temperatures. The nano particles generate the quantum states while the organic molecules control the coupling and therefore the energy, charge, spin, or quasi particle transfer between the layers. Coherent effects at ambient temperatures can be measured in the strong coupling regime. In the talk I will present our nano tool box and show studies of charge transfer, spin transfer and energy transfer in the hybrid layers as well as collective transfer phenomena. These enable the realization of room temperature operating quantum electro optical devices. For example I will present in details, our recent development of a new type of chiral molecules based magnetless universal memory exploiting selective spin transfer.

75 FR 80847 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comments Requested

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-23

... of Information Collection Under Review: Application for Tax-Exempt Transfer of Firearm and...: Application for Tax-Exempt Transfer of Firearm and Registration to Special Occupational Taxpayer. (3) Agency... Planning Staff, Justice Management Division, 2 Constitution Square, Room 2E-502, 145 N Street, NE...

Time and Frequency Activities at SP in Sweden

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-11-01

in Sweden and is traceable to UTC via BIPM and time transfer using the GPS and TWSTFT techniques. This paper describes the generation and...is interfaced using IP networking. Long-haul measurement time transfer instrumentation at SP consists of: • a TimeTech Satre TWSTFT ground...time transfer equipment. The clock room contains also sensible measurement equipment such as a femtosecond phase comparator, the TWSTFT modem, the

Decoupled Ion Transport in a Protein-Based Solid Ion Conductor.

PubMed

Fu, Xuewei; Jewel, Yead; Wang, Yu; Liu, Jin; Zhong, Wei-Hong

2016-11-03

Simultaneous achievement of good electrochemical and mechanical properties is crucial for practical applications of solid ion conductors. Conventional polymer conductors suffer from low conductivity, low transference number, and deteriorated mechanical properties with the enhancement of conductivity, resulting from the coupling between ion transport and polymer movement. Here we present a successful fabrication and fundamental understanding of a high performance soy protein-based solid conductor. The conductor shows ionic conductivity of ∼10 -5 S/cm, transference number of 0.94, and modulus of 1 GPa at room temperature, and still remains flexible and easily processable. Molecular simulations indicate that this is due to appropriate manipulation of the protein structures for effective exploitation of protein functional groups. A decoupled transport mechanism, which is able to explain all results, is proposed. The new insights can be utilized to provide guidelines for design, optimization, and fabrication of high performance biosolid conductors.

3. Interior view of instrumentation, controls, and monitoring equipment on ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. Interior view of instrumentation, controls, and monitoring equipment on north wall of the equipment room on the east side of the Signal Transfer Building (T-28A). - Air Force Plant PJKS, Systems Integration Laboratory, Signal Transfer Building, Waterton Canyon Road & Colorado Highway 121, Lakewood, Jefferson County, CO

4. Interior view of instrumentation, controls, and monitoring equipment on ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. Interior view of instrumentation, controls, and monitoring equipment on east wall of the equipment room on the east side of the Signal Transfer Building (T-28A). - Air Force Plant PJKS, Systems Integration Laboratory, Signal Transfer Building, Waterton Canyon Road & Colorado Highway 121, Lakewood, Jefferson County, CO

75 FR 60507 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Regulation Project

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-30

..., or a property transfer (or transfer of the right to use property) a fair market value. Current... opportunity to comment on proposed and/or continuing information collections, as required by the Paperwork... Service, room 6129, 1111 Constitution Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20224. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT...

Magnetically Recoverable Supported Ruthenium Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Alkynes and Transfer Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds

EPA Science Inventory

A ruthenium (Ru) catalyst supported on magnetic nanoparticles (NiFe2O4) has been successfully synthesized and used for hydrogenation of alkynes at room temperature as well as transfer hydrogenation of a number of carbonyl compounds under microwave irradiation conditions. The cata...

Simple and Efficient Generation of Aryl Radicals from Aryl Triflates: Synthesis of Aryl Boronates and Aryl Iodides at Room Temperature.

PubMed

Liu, Wenbo; Yang, Xiaobo; Gao, Yang; Li, Chao-Jun

2017-06-28

Despite the wide use of aryl radicals in organic synthesis, current methods to prepare them from aryl halides, carboxylic acids, boronic acids, and diazonium salts suffer from limitations. Aryl triflates, easily obtained from phenols, are promising aryl radical progenitors but remain elusive in this regard. Inspired by the single electron transfer process for aryl halides to access aryl radicals, we developed a simple and efficient protocol to convert aryl triflates to aryl radicals. Our success lies in exploiting sodium iodide as the soft electron donor assisted by light. This strategy enables the scalable synthesis of two types of important organic molecules, i.e., aryl boronates and aryl iodides, in good to high yields, with broad functional group compatibility in a transition-metal-free manner at room temperature. This protocol is anticipated to find potential applications in other aryl-radical-involved reactions by using aryl triflates as aryl radical precursors.

Enzyme dynamics and hydrogen tunnelling in a thermophilic alcohol dehydrogenase

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kohen, Amnon; Cannio, Raffaele; Bartolucci, Simonetta; Klinman, Judith P.; Klinman, Judith P.

1999-06-01

Biological catalysts (enzymes) speed up reactions by many orders of magnitude using fundamental physical processes to increase chemical reactivity. Hydrogen tunnelling has increasingly been found to contribute to enzyme reactions at room temperature. Tunnelling is the phenomenon by which a particle transfers through a reaction barrier as a result of its wave-like property. In reactions involving small molecules, the relative importance of tunnelling increases as the temperature is reduced. We have now investigated whether hydrogen tunnelling occurs at elevated temperatures in a biological system that functions physiologically under such conditions. Using a thermophilic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), we find that hydrogen tunnelling makes a significant contribution at 65°C this is analogous to previous findings with mesophilic ADH at 25°C ( ref. 5). Contrary to predictions for tunnelling through a rigid barrier, the tunnelling with the thermophilic ADH decreases at and below room temperature. These findings provide experimental evidence for a role of thermally excited enzyme fluctuations in modulating enzyme-catalysed bond cleavage.

Speech-on-speech masking in a front-back dimension and analysis of binaural parameters in rooms using MLS methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aaronson, Neil L.

This dissertation deals with questions important to the problem of human sound source localization in rooms, starting with perceptual studies and moving on to physical measurements made in rooms. In Chapter 1, a perceptual study is performed relevant to a specific phenomenon the effect of speech reflections occurring in the front-back dimension and the ability of humans to segregate that from unreflected speech. Distracters were presented from the same source as the target speech, a loudspeaker directly in front of the listener, and also from a loudspeaker directly behind the listener, delayed relative to the front loudspeaker. Steps were taken to minimize the contributions of binaural difference cues. For all delays within +/-32 ms, a release from informational masking of about 2 dB occurred. This suggested that human listeners are able to segregate speech sources based on spatial cues, even with minimal binaural cues. In moving on to physical measurements in rooms, a method was sought for simultaneous measurement of room characteristics such as impulse response (IR) and reverberation time (RT60), and binaural parameters such as interaural time difference (ITD), interaural level difference (ILD), and the interaural cross-correlation function and coherence. Chapter 2 involves investigations into the usefulness of maximum length sequences (MLS) for these purposes. Comparisons to random telegraph noise (RTN) show that MLS performs better in the measurement of stationary and room transfer functions, IR, and RT60 by an order of magnitude in RMS percent error, even after Wiener filtering and exponential time-domain filtering have improved the accuracy of RTN measurements. Measurements were taken in real rooms in an effort to understand how the reverberant characteristics of rooms affect binaural parameters important to sound source localization. Chapter 3 deals with interaural coherence, a parameter important for localization and perception of auditory source width. MLS were used to measure waveform and envelope coherences in two rooms for various source distances and 0° azimuth through a head-and-torso simulator (KEMAR). A relationship is sought that relates these two types of coherence, since envelope coherence, while an important quantity, is generally less accessible than waveform coherence. A power law relationship is shown to exist between the two that works well within and across bands, for any source distance, and is robust to reverberant conditions of the room. Measurements of ITD, ILD, and coherence in rooms give insight into the way rooms affect these parameters, and in turn, the ability of listeners to localize sounds in rooms. Such measurements, along with room properties, are made and analyzed using MLS methods in Chapter 4. It was found that the pinnae cause incoherence for sound sources incident between 30° and 90°. In human listeners, this does not seem to adversely affect performance in lateralization experiments. The cause of poor coherence in rooms was studied as part of Chapter 4 as well. It was found that rooms affect coherence by introducing variance into the ITD spectra within the bands in which it is measured. A mathematical model to predict the interaural coherence within a band given the standard deviation of the ITD spectrum and the center frequency of the band gives an exponential relationship. This is found to work well in predicting measured coherence given ITD spectrum variance. The pinnae seem to affect the ITD spectrum in a similar way at incident sound angles for which coherence is poor in an anechoic environment.

Fabrication and room temperature operation of semiconductor nano-ring lasers using a general applicable membrane transfer method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fan, Fan; Yu, Yueyang; Amiri, Seyed Ebrahim Hashemi; Quandt, David; Bimberg, Dieter; Ning, C. Z.

2017-04-01

Semiconductor nanolasers are potentially important for many applications. Their design and fabrication are still in the early stage of research and face many challenges. In this paper, we demonstrate a generally applicable membrane transfer method to release and transfer a strain-balanced InGaAs quantum-well nanomembrane of 260 nm in thickness onto various substrates with a high yield. As an initial device demonstration, nano-ring lasers of 1.5 μm in outer diameter and 500 nm in radial thickness are fabricated on MgF2 substrates. Room temperature single mode operation is achieved under optical pumping with a cavity volume of only 0.43λ03 (λ0 in vacuum). Our nano-membrane based approach represents an advantageous alternative to other design and fabrication approaches and could lead to integration of nanolasers on silicon substrates or with metallic cavity.

APTS and rGO co-functionalized pyrenated fluorescent nanonets for representative vapor phase nitroaromatic explosive detection.

PubMed

Guo, Linjuan; Zu, Baiyi; Yang, Zheng; Cao, Hongyu; Zheng, Xuefang; Dou, Xincun

2014-01-01

For the first time, flexible PVP/pyrene/APTS/rGO fluorescent nanonets were designed and synthesized via a one-step electrospinning method to detect representative subsaturated nitroaromatic explosive vapor. The functional fluorescent nanonets, which were highly stable in air, showed an 81% quenching efficiency towards TNT vapor (∼10 ppb) with an exposure time of 540 s at room temperature. The nice performance of the nanonets was ascribed to the synergistic effects induced by the specific adsorption properties of APTS, the fast charge transfer properties and the effective π-π interaction with pyrene and TNT of rGO. Compared to the analogues of TNT, the PVP/pyrene/APTS/rGO nanonets showed notable selectivity towards TNT and DNT vapors. The explored functionalization method opens up brand new insight into sensitive and selective detection of vapor phase nitroaromatic explosives.

An Evaluative Study on Building the Bridge between the Training Room and the Workplace

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chaloner, Brian

2006-01-01

A study is reported of the use of a personal journal as a tool for transferring learning from the training room to the workplace. The targeted learning event was an English for Communication training programme. This programme was an intensive four-day course that grouped together participants from the non-UK sites of the aircraft manufacturer…

Effect of sitting pause times on postural stability after supine-to-standing transfer in dimly lit environments.

PubMed

Johnson, Eric G; Meltzer, Jonathan D

2012-01-01

Falls are common and often take place in the home. Risk of fall increases if the environment is dimly lit. Longer sitting pause times, before standing, might improve postural stability after standing from a supine position. The purpose of this investigation was to measure the effects of sitting pause times on postural sway velocity immediately following a supine-to-standing transfer in a dimly lit room in older and younger adult women. Five women aged 65 to 70 years and 5 aged 23 to 30 years participated in the study. On each of 2 consecutive days, study participants lay on a mat table with their eyes closed for 45 minutes before performing a supine-to-standing transfer in a dimly lit room. Sitting pause times of 2 seconds and 30 seconds preceded the transfers. Mean postural sway velocity for the whole sample and for younger and older groups was less after a 30-second pause time than that after a 2-second pause time (sample, P = .001; young, P = .019; old, P = .021). No significant difference in mean postural sway velocity was observed between the 2 groups (P > .05). Total mean postural sway velocity was less when study participants performed a sitting pause of 30 seconds before standing in a dimly lit room. These results suggest that longer sitting pause times may provide improved adaptability to dimly lit environments contributing to improved postural stability.

On the temperature prediction in a fire escape passage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Casano, G.; Piva, S.

2017-11-01

Fire safety engineering requires a detailed understanding of fire behaviour and of its effects on structures and people. Many factors may condition the fire scenario, as for example, heat transfer between the flame and the boundary structures. Currently advanced numerical codes for the prediction of the fire behaviour are available. However, these solutions often require heavy calculations and long times. In this context analytical solutions can be useful for a fast analysis of simplified schematizations. After that, it is more effective the final utilization of the advanced fire codes. In this contribution, the temperature in a fire escape passage, separated with a thermally resistant wall from a fire room, is analysed. The escape space is included in a building where the neighbouring rooms are at a constant undisturbed temperature. The presence of the neighbouring rooms is considered with an equivalent heat transfer coefficient, in a boundary condition of the third type. An analytical solution is used to predict the temperature distribution during the fire. It allows to obtain useful information on the temperature reached in the escape area in contact with a burning room; it is useful also for a fast choice of the thermal characteristics of a firewall.

Electrically pumped 1.3 microm room-temperature InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers on Si substrates by metal-mediated wafer bonding and layer transfer.

PubMed

Tanabe, Katsuaki; Guimard, Denis; Bordel, Damien; Iwamoto, Satoshi; Arakawa, Yasuhiko

2010-05-10

An electrically pumped InAs/GaAs quantum dot laser on a Si substrate has been demonstrated. The double-hetero laser structure was grown on a GaAs substrate by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition and layer-transferred onto a Si substrate by GaAs/Si wafer bonding mediated by a 380-nm-thick Au-Ge-Ni alloy layer. This broad-area Fabry-Perot laser exhibits InAs quantum dot ground state lasing at 1.31 microm at room temperature with a threshold current density of 600 A/cm(2). (c) 2010 Optical Society of America.

Design of the thermal insulating test system for doors and windows of buildings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Yan; Qi, Jinqing; Xu, Yunwei; Wu, Hao; Ou, Jinping

2011-04-01

Thermal insulating properties of doors and widows are important parameter to measure the quality of windows and doors. This paper develops the thermal insulating test system of doors and windows for large temperature difference in winter in north of China according to national standards. This system is integrated with temperature measurement subsystem, temperature control subsystem, the heating power measurement subsystem, and heat transfer coefficient calculated subsystem. The temperature measurement subsystem includes temperature sensor which is implemented by sixty-four thermocouple sensors to measure the key positions of cold room and hot room, and the temperature acquisition unit which adopts Agilent 34901A data acquisition card to achieve self-compensation and accurate temperature capture. The temperature control subsystem including temperature controller and compressor system is used to control the temperature between 0 degree to 20 degree for hot room and -20 degree to 0 degree for cold room. The hot room controller uses fuzzy control algorithm to achieve accurate control of temperature and the cold room controller firstly uses compressor to achieve coarse control and then uses more accurate temperature controller unit to obtain constant temperature(-20 degree). The heating power measurement is mainly to get the heat power of hot room heating devices. After above constant temperature environment is constructed, software of the test system is developed. Using software, temperature data and heat power data can be accurately got and then the heat transfer coefficient, representing the thermal insulating properties of doors and widows, is calculated using the standard formula. Experimental results show that the test system is simple, reliable and precise. It meets the testing requirements of national standard and has a good application prospect.

Ruthenium supported on magnetic nanoparticles: An efficient and recoverable catalyst for hydrogenation of alkynes and transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds

EPA Science Inventory

Ruthenium supported on surface modified magnetic nanoparticles (NiFe2O4) has been successfully synthesized and applied for hydrogenation of alkynes at room temperature as well as transfer hydrogenation of a number of carbonyl compounds under microwave irradiation conditions. The ...

A Coordinated Patient Transport System for ICU Patients Requiring Surgery: Impact on Operating Room Efficiency and ICU Workflow.

PubMed

Brown, Michael J; Kor, Daryl J; Curry, Timothy B; Marmor, Yariv; Rohleder, Thomas R

2015-01-01

Transfer of intensive care unit (ICU) patients to the operating room (OR) is a resource-intensive, time-consuming process that often results in patient throughput inefficiencies, deficiencies in information transfer, and suboptimal nurse to patient ratios. This study evaluates the implementation of a coordinated patient transport system (CPTS) designed to address these issues. Using data from 1,557 patient transfers covering the 2006-2010 period, interrupted time series and before and after designs were used to analyze the effect of implementing a CPTS at Mayo Clinic, Rochester. Using a segmented regression for the interrupted time series, on-time OR start time deviations were found to be significantly lower after the implementation of CPTS (p < .0001). The implementation resulted in a fourfold improvement in on-time OR starts (p < .01) while significantly reducing idle OR time (p < .01). A coordinated patient transfer process for moving patient from ICUs to ORs can significantly improve OR efficiency, reduce nonvalue added time, and ensure quality of care by preserving appropriate care provider to patient ratios.

Room-temperature photomagnetism in the spinel ferrite (Mn,Zn,Fe)3O4 as seen via soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bettinger, J. S.; Piamonteze, C.; Chopdekar, R. V.; Liberati, M.; Arenholz, E.; Suzuki, Y.

2009-10-01

We have used x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) in conjunction with multiplet simulations to directly probe the origin of photomagnetism in nanocrystalline (Mn,Zn,Fe)3O4 . A photomagnetic effect at room temperature has been observed in these films with HeNe illumination. We have verified an intervalence charge transfer among octahedral Fe cations to account for the increase in magnetization observed at and above room temperature in small magnetic fields. Using XMCD, we demonstrate that the dichroism of Fe in octahedral sites increases by 18% at room temperature, while the dichroism of Fe in tetrahedral sites does not change.

Acuity-adaptable nursing care: exploring its place in designing the future patient room.

PubMed

Kwan, Melissa A

2011-01-01

To substantiate the anticipated benefits of the original acuity-adaptable care delivery model as defined by innovator Ann Hendrich. In today's conveyor belt approach to healthcare, upon admission and through discharge, patients are commonly transferred based on changing acuity needs. Wasted time and money and inefficiencies in hospital operations often result-in addition to jeopardizing patient safety. In the last decade, a handful of hospitals pioneered the implementation of the acuity-adaptable care delivery model. Built on the concept of eliminating patient transfers, the projected outcomes of acuity-adaptable units-decreased average lengths of stay, increased patient safety and satisfaction, and increased nurses' satisfaction from reduced walking distances-make a good case for a model patient room. Although some hospitals experienced the projected benefits of the acuity-adaptable care delivery model, sustaining the outcomes proved to be difficult; hence, the original definition of acuity-adaptable units has not fared well. Variations on the original concept demonstrate that eliminating patient transfers has not been completely abandoned in healthcare redesign and construction initiatives. Terms such as flex-up, flex-down, universal room, and single-stay unit have since emerged. These variations convolute the search for empirical evidence to support the anticipated benefits of the original concept. To determine the future of this concept and its variants, a significant amount of outcome data must be generated by piloting the concept in different hospital settings. As further refinements and adjustments to the concept emerge, the acuity-adaptable room may find a place in future hospitals.

Exploring proton transfer in 1,2,3-triazole-triazolium dimer with ab initio method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Ailin; Yan, Tianying; Shen, Panwen

Ab initio calculations are utilized to search for transition state structures for proton transfer in the 1,2,3-triazole-triazolium complexes on the basis of optimized dimers. The result suggests six transition state structures for single proton transfer in the complexes, most of which are coplanar. The energy barriers, between different stable and transition states structures with zero point energy (ZPE) corrections, show that proton transfer occurs at room temperature with coplanar configuration that has the lowest energy. The results clearly support that reorientation gives triazole flexibility for proton transfer.

Vacuum system for room temperature X-ray lithography source (XLS)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schuchman, J.C.

1988-09-30

A prototype room-temperature X-Ray Lithography Source (XLS)was proposed to be built at Brookhaven National Laboratory as part of a technology-transfer- to-American-industry program. The overall machine comprises a full energy linac, a 170 meter long transport line, and a 39 meter circumference storage ring. The scope of this paper will be limited to describing the storage ring vacuum system. (AIP)

24. BUILDING NO. 452, ORDNANCE FACILITY (BAG CHARGE FILLING PLANT), ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

24. BUILDING NO. 452, ORDNANCE FACILITY (BAG CHARGE FILLING PLANT), INTERIOR VIEW LOOKING WEST AT NORTH END OF CENTRAL CORRIDOR (ROOM 3). STAIRWAY WORKBENCH WITH COMPRESSED-AIR POWERED CARTRIDGE LOADER. ARMORED PASS-THROUGH OF TRANSFER BOX FOR PASSING EXPLOSIVES MATERIALS THROUGH TO NEXT ROOM TO THE NORTH. - Picatinny Arsenal, 400 Area, Gun Bag Loading District, State Route 15 near I-80, Dover, Morris County, NJ

Vacuum system for room temperature X-ray lithography source (XLS)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schuchman, J. C.

1988-09-01

A prototype room-temperature X-Ray Lithography Source (XLS)was proposed to be built at Brookhaven National Laboratory as part of a technology-transfer- to-American-industry program. The overall machine comprises a full energy linac, a 170 meter long transport line, and a 39 meter circumference storage ring. The scope of this paper will be limited to describing the storage ring vacuum system. (AIP)

49. BOX STAMPING MACHINE Located in room above warehouse. The ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

49. BOX STAMPING MACHINE Located in room above warehouse. The power unit is missing, but the drive belt is seen hanging from the overhead. Printing plate of desired labeling would be attached to the lower half drum. Upon rotation, labeling would be transferred to a cardboard box which was being held around the upper drum. - Hovden Cannery, 886 Cannery Row, Monterey, Monterey County, CA

Protective isolation in single-bed rooms: studies in a modified hospital ward

PubMed Central

Ayliffe, G. A. J.; Collins, B. J.; Lowbury, E. J. L.; Wall, Mary

1971-01-01

Studies were made in a modified hospital ward containing 19 beds, 14 of them in the open ward, one in a window-ventilated side-room, two in rooms with partial-recirculation ventilators giving 7-10 air changes per hour, and two in self-contained isolation suites with plenum ventilation (20 air changes per hour), ultra-violet (UV) barriers at doorways and airlocks. Preliminary tests with aerosols of tracer bacteria showed that few bacteria entered the plenum or recirculation-ventilated rooms. Bacteria released inside mechanically ventilated cubicles escaped into the corridor, but this transfer was reduced by the presence of an airlock. UV barriers at the entrance to the airlock and the cubicle reduced the transfer of bacteria from cubicle to corridor. During a period of 4 years while the ward was in use for surgical and gynaecological patients, the incidence of post-operative sepsis and colonization of wounds by multiple-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was lower (though not significantly lower) in the plenum-ventilated rooms than in the open ward, the recirculator-ventilated cubicles and the window-ventilated cubicles. Nasal acquisition of multiple-resistant Staph. aureus was significantly less common in the plenum-ventilated than in the recirculator-ventilated cubicles and in the other areas. Mean counts of bacteria on settle-plates were significantly lower in the plenum-ventilated cubicles than in the other areas; mean settle-plate counts in the recirculator-ventilated cubicles were significantly lower than in the open ward and in the window-ventilated side-room; similar results were shown by slit-sampling of air. Mean settle-plate counts were significantly lower in all areas when the ward was occupied by female patients. Staph. aureus was rarely carried by air from plenum-ventilated or other cubicles to the open ward, or from the open ward to the cubicles; though staphylococci were transferred from one floor area to another, they did not appear to be redispersed into the air in sufficient numbers to infect the patients. Ultra-violet irradiation caused a significant reduction in the total and staphylococcal counts from the floors of airlocks, and a significant reduction of total counts in the air. PMID:5289715

Respiratory viral RNA on toys in pediatric office waiting rooms.

PubMed

Pappas, Diane E; Hendley, J Owen; Schwartz, Richard H

2010-02-01

Toys in pediatric office waiting rooms may be fomites for transmission of viruses. Eighteen samples were taken from office objects on 3 occasions. Samples were tested for presence of picornavirus (either rhinovirus or enterovirus) on all 3 sample days; in addition, January samples were tested for respiratory syncytial virus and March samples were tested for influenza A and B. In addition, 15 samples were obtained from the sick waiting room before and after cleaning. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect picornavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza A or B virus. Finally, 20 samples were obtained from the fingers of a researcher after handling different toys in the sick waiting room, and samples were then obtained from all the same toys; all samples were tested for picornavirus by polymerase chain reaction. Viral RNA was detected on 11 of 52 (21%) of toys sampled. Ten of the positives were picornavirus; 1 was influenza B virus. Three (30%) of 10 toys from the new toy bag, 6 of 30 (20%) in the sick child waiting room, and 2 of 12 (17%) in the well child waiting room were positive. Six (40%) of 15 toys in the sick waiting room were positive for picornaviral RNA before cleaning; after cleaning, 4 (27%) of 15 were positive in spite of the fact that RNA was removed from 4 of 6 of the original positives. Three (15%) of 20 toys in the sick waiting room were positive for picornaviral RNA, but RNA was not transferred to the fingers of the investigator who handled these toys. About 20% of the objects in a pediatric office may be contaminated with respiratory viral RNA, most commonly picornavirus RNA. Cleaning with a disinfectant cloth was only modestly effective in removing the viral RNA from the surfaces of toys, but transfer of picornaviral RNA from toys to fingers was inefficient.

Pressure transfer function and absorption cross section from the diffuse field to the human infant ear canal.

PubMed

Keefe, D H; Bulen, J C; Campbell, S L; Burns, E M

1994-01-01

The diffuse-field pressure transfer function from a reverberant field to the ear canal of human infants, ages 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, has been measured from 125-10700 Hz. The source was a loudspeaker using pink noise, and the diffuse-field pressure and the ear-canal pressure were simultaneously measured using a spatial averaging technique in a reverberant room. The results in most subjects show a two-peak structure in the 2-6-kHz range, corresponding to the ear-canal and concha resonances. The ear-canal resonance frequency decreases from 4.4 kHz at age 1 month to 2.9 kHz at age 24 months. The concha resonance frequency decreases from 5.5 kHz at age 1 month to 4.5 kHz at age 24 months. Below 2 kHz, the diffuse-field transfer function shows effects due to the torsos of the infant and parent, and varies with how the infant is held. Comparisons are reported of the diffuse-field absorption cross section for infants relative to adults. This quantity is a measure of power absorbed by the middle ear from a diffuse sound field, and large differences are observed in infants relative to adults. The radiation efficiencies of the infant and the adult ear are small at low frequencies, near unity at midfrequencies, and decrease at higher frequencies. The process of ear-canal development is not yet complete at age 24 months. The results have implications for experiments on hearing in infants.

A Discrete Event Simulation Model of Patient Flow in a General Hospital Incorporating Infection Control Policy for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE).

PubMed

Shenoy, Erica S; Lee, Hang; Ryan, Erin E; Hou, Taige; Walensky, Rochelle P; Ware, Winston; Hooper, David C

2018-02-01

Hospitalized patients are assigned to available staffed beds based on patient acuity and services required. In hospitals with double-occupancy rooms, patients must be additionally matched by gender. Patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) must be bedded in single-occupancy rooms or cohorted with other patients with similar MRSA/VRE flags. We developed a discrete event simulation (DES) model of patient flow through an acute care hospital. Patients are matched to beds based on acuity, service, gender, and known MRSA/VRE colonization. Outcomes included time to bed arrival, length of stay, patient-bed acuity mismatches, occupancy, idle beds, acuity-related transfers, rooms with discordant MRSA/VRE colonization, and transmission due to discordant colonization. Observed outcomes were well-approximated by model-generated outcomes for time-to-bed arrival (6.7 v. 6.2 to 6.5 h) and length of stay (3.3 v. 2.9 to 3.0 days), with overlapping 90% coverage intervals. Patient-bed acuity mismatches, where patient acuity exceeded bed acuity and where patient acuity was lower than bed acuity, ranged from 0.6 to 0.9 and 8.6 to 11.1 mismatches per h, respectively. Values for observed occupancy, total idle beds, and acuity-related transfers compared favorably to model-predicted values (91% v. 86% to 87% occupancy, 15.1 v. 14.3 to 15.7 total idle beds, and 27.2 v. 22.6 to 23.7 transfers). Rooms with discordant colonization status and transmission due to discordance were modeled without an observed value for comparison. One-way and multi-way sensitivity analyses were performed for idle beds and rooms with discordant colonization. We developed and validated a DES model of patient flow incorporating MRSA/VRE flags. The model allowed for quantification of the substantial impact of MRSA/VRE flags on hospital efficiency and potentially avoidable nosocomial transmission.

78 FR 42928 - Draft Environmental Assessment for the Cotton Quality Research Station Land Transfer

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-18

... Research Station (CQRS) from the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) in Clemson, South Carolina, to... comments related to the proposed CQRS Land Transfer by any of the following methods: Email: [email protected]ars.usda.gov , Fax: 309-681-6683. Mail: USDA-ARS-SHEMB, NCAUR, 1815 North University Avenue, Room 2016...

A systematic review of surgical skills transfer after simulation-based training: laparoscopic cholecystectomy and endoscopy.

PubMed

Dawe, Susan R; Windsor, John A; Broeders, Joris A J L; Cregan, Patrick C; Hewett, Peter J; Maddern, Guy J

2014-02-01

A systematic review to determine whether skills acquired through simulation-based training transfer to the operating room for the procedures of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and endoscopy. Simulation-based training assumes that skills are directly transferable to the operation room, but only a few studies have investigated the effect of simulation-based training on surgical performance. A systematic search strategy that was used in 2006 was updated to retrieve relevant studies. Inclusion of articles was determined using a predetermined protocol, independent assessment by 2 reviewers, and a final consensus decision. Seventeen randomized controlled trials and 3 nonrandomized comparative studies were included in this review. In most cases, simulation-based training was in addition to patient-based training programs. Only 2 studies directly compared simulation-based training in isolation with patient-based training. For laparoscopic cholecystectomy (n = 10 studies) and endoscopy (n = 10 studies), participants who reached simulation-based skills proficiency before undergoing patient-based assessment performed with higher global assessment scores and fewer errors in the operating room than their counterparts who did not receive simulation training. Not all parameters measured were improved. Two of the endoscopic studies compared simulation-based training in isolation with patient-based training with different results: for sigmoidoscopy, patient-based training was more effective, whereas for colonoscopy, simulation-based training was equally effective. Skills acquired by simulation-based training seem to be transferable to the operative setting for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and endoscopy. Future research will strengthen these conclusions by evaluating predetermined competency levels on the same simulators and using objective validated global rating scales to measure operative performance.

CFD Application to Flow-Accelerated Corrosion in Feeder Bends

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pietralik, John M.; Smith, Bruce A.W.

2006-07-01

Feeder piping in CANDU{sup R} plants experiences a thinning degradation mechanism called Flow-Accelerated Corrosion (FAC). The piping is made of carbon steel and has high water flow speeds. Although the water chemistry is highly alkaline with room-temperature pH in a range of 10.0-10.5, the piping has FAC rates exceeding 0.1 mm/year in some locations, e.g., in bends. One of the most important parameters affecting the FAC rate is the mass transfer coefficient for convective mass transport of ferrous ions. The ions are created at the pipe wall as a result of corrosion, diffuse through the oxide layer, and are transportedmore » from the oxide-layer/water interface to the bulk water by mass transport. Consequently, the local flow characteristics contribute to the highly turbulent convective mass transfer. Plant data and laboratory experiments indicate that the mass transfer step dominates FAC under feeder conditions. In this study, the flow and mass transfer in a feeder bend under operating conditions were simulated using the Fluent{sup TM} computer code. Because the flow speed is very high, with the Reynolds numbers in a range of several millions, and because the geometry is complex, experiments in a 1:1 scale were conducted with the main objective to validate flow simulations. The experiments measured pressure at several key locations and visualized the flow. The flow and mass transfer models were validated using available friction-factor and mass transfer correlations and literature experiments on mass transfer in a bend. The validation showed that the turbulence model that best predicts the experiments is the realizable k-{epsilon} model. Other two-equation turbulence models, as well as one-equation models and Reynolds stress models were tried. The near-wall treatment used the non-equilibrium wall functions. The wall functions were modified for surface roughness when necessary. A comparison of the local mass transfer coefficient with measured FAC rate in plant specimens shows very good agreement. Visualization experiments indicate secondary flows in the bends. No boundary layer separation was observed in experiments or in simulations. (authors)« less

Artificial life and the Chinese room argument.

PubMed

Anderson, David; Copeland, B Jack

2002-01-01

"Strong artificial life" refers to the thesis that a sufficiently sophisticated computer simulation of a life form is a life form in its own right. Can John Searle's Chinese room argument [12]-originally intended by him to show that the thesis he dubs "strong AI" is false-be deployed against strong ALife? We have often encountered the suggestion that it can be (even in print; see Harnad [8]). We do our best to transfer the argument from the domain of AI to that of ALife. We do so in order to show once and for all that the Chinese room argument proves nothing about ALife. There may indeed be powerful philosophical objections to the thesis of strong ALife, but the Chinese room argument is not among them.

Improvement in Patient Transfer Process From the Operating Room to the PICU Using a Lean and Six Sigma-Based Quality Improvement Project.

PubMed

Gleich, Stephen J; Nemergut, Michael E; Stans, Anthony A; Haile, Dawit T; Feigal, Scott A; Heinrich, Angela L; Bosley, Christopher L; Tripathi, Sandeep

2016-08-01

Ineffective and inefficient patient transfer processes can increase the chance of medical errors. Improvements in such processes are high-priority local institutional and national patient safety goals. At our institution, nonintubated postoperative pediatric patients are first admitted to the postanesthesia care unit before transfer to the PICU. This quality improvement project was designed to improve the patient transfer process from the operating room (OR) to the PICU. After direct observation of the baseline process, we introduced a structured, direct OR-PICU transfer process for orthopedic spinal fusion patients. We performed value stream mapping of the process to determine error-prone and inefficient areas. We evaluated primary outcome measures of handoff error reduction and the overall efficiency of patient transfer process time. Staff satisfaction was evaluated as a counterbalance measure. With the introduction of the new direct OR-PICU patient transfer process, the handoff communication error rate improved from 1.9 to 0.3 errors per patient handoff (P = .002). Inefficiency (patient wait time and non-value-creating activity) was reduced from 90 to 32 minutes. Handoff content was improved with fewer information omissions (P < .001). Staff satisfaction significantly improved among nearly all PICU providers. By using quality improvement methodology to design and implement a new direct OR-PICU transfer process with a structured multidisciplinary verbal handoff, we achieved sustained improvements in patient safety and efficiency. Handoff communication was enhanced, with fewer errors and content omissions. The new process improved efficiency, with high staff satisfaction. Copyright © 2016 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

Virtual environment for training in microsurgery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Montgomery, Kevin N.; Stephanides, Michael; Brown, Joel; Latombe, Jean-Claude; Schendel, Stephen A.

1999-05-01

Microsurgery is a well-established medical field, and involves repair of approximately 1mm vessels and nerves under an operating microscope in order to reattach severed fingers or transfer tissue for reconstruction. Initial skill sin microvascular surgery are usually developed in the animal lab and subsequently in the operating room. Development of these skills typically requires about 6 months of animal based training before additional learning takes place in the operating room.

KSC-07pd3240

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-11-06

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- On Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, the payload canister is positioned under the payload changeout room, on the rotating service structure. The canister contains the Columbus Lab module and integrated cargo carrier-lite payloads for space shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-122. They will be transferred into the payload changeout room on the pad. Atlantis is targeted to launch on Dec. 6. Photo credit: NASA/Dimitri Gerondidakis

KSC-07pd3241

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-11-06

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- On Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, the payload canister is lifted off its transporter toward the payload changeout room. The canister contains the Columbus Lab module and integrated cargo carrier-lite payloads for space shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-122. They will be transferred into the payload changeout room on the pad. Atlantis is targeted to launch on Dec. 6. Photo credit: NASA/Dimitri Gerondidakis

The dynamics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus exposure in a hospital model and the potential for environmental intervention.

PubMed

Plipat, Nottasorn; Spicknall, Ian H; Koopman, James S; Eisenberg, Joseph Ns

2013-12-17

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections. An important control strategy is hand hygiene; however, non-compliance has been a major problem in healthcare settings. Furthermore, modeling studies have suggested that the law of diminishing return applies to hand hygiene. Other additional control strategies such as environmental cleaning may be warranted, given that MRSA-positive individuals constantly shed contaminated desquamated skin particles to the environment. We constructed and analyzed a deterministic environmental compartmental model of MRSA fate, transport, and exposure between two hypothetical hospital rooms: one with a colonized patient, shedding MRSA; another with an uncolonized patient, susceptible to exposure. Healthcare workers (HCWs), acting solely as vectors, spread MRSA from one patient room to the other. Although porous surfaces became highly contaminated, their low transfer efficiency limited the exposure dose to HCWs and the uncolonized patient. Conversely, the high transfer efficiency of nonporous surfaces allows greater MRSA transfer when touched. In the colonized patient's room, HCW exposure occurred more predominantly through the indirect (patient to surfaces to HCW) mode compared to the direct (patient to HCW) mode. In contrast, in the uncolonized patient's room, patient exposure was more predominant in the direct (HCW to patient) mode compared to the indirect (HCW to surfaces to patient) mode. Surface wiping decreased MRSA exposure to the uncolonized patient more than daily surface decontamination. This was because wiping allowed higher cleaning frequency and cleaned more total surface area per day. Environmental cleaning should be considered as an integral component of MRSA infection control in hospitals. Given the previously under-appreciated role of surface contamination in MRSA transmission, this intervention mode can contribute to an effective multiple barrier approach in concert with hand hygiene.

Graphene-based room-temperature implementation of a modified Deutsch-Jozsa quantum algorithm.

PubMed

Dragoman, Daniela; Dragoman, Mircea

2015-12-04

We present an implementation of a one-qubit and two-qubit modified Deutsch-Jozsa quantum algorithm based on graphene ballistic devices working at room temperature. The modified Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm decides whether a function, equivalent to the effect of an energy potential distribution on the wave function of ballistic charge carriers, is constant or not, without measuring the output wave function. The function need not be Boolean. Simulations confirm that the algorithm works properly, opening the way toward quantum computing at room temperature based on the same clean-room technologies as those used for fabrication of very-large-scale integrated circuits.

Toys and games in play therapy.

PubMed

Meschiany, A; Krontal, S

1998-01-01

The present article discusses the difference between play therapy with toys and play therapy with games from a psychodynamic point of view. Toys are regarded as offering the child an opportunity to develop a variety of transference reactions, while games, because of their inherent competitive characteristic, restrain the scope of possible transference reactions. The authors claim that therapists should consider these eventualities when choosing which games or toys are to be available in the therapy room. This choice might determine, in advance, the initial characteristics of the patient's transference.

What my dogs forced me to learn about thermal energy transfer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bohren, Craig F.

2015-05-01

Some objects feel colder to the touch than others at the same (room) temperature. But explaining why by linear, single-factor reasoning is inadequate because the time-dependent thermal energy transfer at solid interfaces initially at different temperatures is determined by the thermal inertia √{ k ρ c } , a function of three thermophysical properties: thermal conductivity k, density ρ, and specific heat capacity per unit mass c. In time-dependent problems 1 / √{ k ρ c } plays the role of a resistance. As an example, although the thermal conductivity of aluminum is 16 times that of stainless steel, this does not translate into a 16-fold difference in interfacial thermal energy flux densities. Nor does it result in a markedly greater perceived coldness of aluminum; the difference is barely perceptible. Similarly, despite the 600-fold difference in the thermal conductivity of iron relative to that of wood, the ratio of thermal energy flux densities is only about 4.6.

Silver transfer in proustite Ag{sub 3}AsS{sub 3} at high temperatures: Conductivity and single-crystal X-ray studies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gagor, Anna; Pawlowski, Antoni; Pietraszko, Adam

2009-03-15

Single crystals of proustite Ag{sub 3}AsS{sub 3} have been characterised by impedance spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction in the temperature ranges of 295-543 and 295-695 K, respectively. An analysis of the one-particle potential of silver atoms shows that in the whole measuring temperature range defects in the silver substructure play a major role in the conduction mechanism. Furthermore, the silver transfer is equally probable within silver chains and spirals, as well as between chains and spirals. The trigonal R3c room temperature phase does not change until the decomposition of the crystal. The electric anomaly of the first-order character which appearsmore » near 502 K is related to an increase in the electronic component of the total conductivity resulting from Ag{sub 2}S deposition at the sample surface. - Joint probability density function map of silver atoms at T=695 K.« less

Thermal diodes, regulators, and switches: Physical mechanisms and potential applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wehmeyer, Geoff; Yabuki, Tomohide; Monachon, Christian; Wu, Junqiao; Dames, Chris

2017-12-01

Interest in new thermal diodes, regulators, and switches has been rapidly growing because these components have the potential for rich transport phenomena that cannot be achieved using traditional thermal resistors and capacitors. Each of these thermal components has a signature functionality: Thermal diodes can rectify heat currents, thermal regulators can maintain a desired temperature, and thermal switches can actively control the heat transfer. Here, we review the fundamental physical mechanisms of switchable and nonlinear heat transfer which have been harnessed to make thermal diodes, switches, and regulators. The review focuses on experimental demonstrations, mainly near room temperature, and spans the fields of heat conduction, convection, and radiation. We emphasize the changes in thermal properties across phase transitions and thermal switching using electric and magnetic fields. After surveying fundamental mechanisms, we present various nonlinear and active thermal circuits that are based on analogies with well-known electrical circuits, and analyze potential applications in solid-state refrigeration and waste heat scavenging.

Sequence dependent N-terminal rearrangement and degradation of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) in aqueous solution

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Eriksson, M.; Christensen, L.; Schmidt, J.; Haaima, G.; Orgel, L.; Nielsen, P. E.

1998-01-01

The stability of the PNA (peptide nucleic acid) thymine monomer inverted question markN-[2-(thymin-1-ylacetyl)]-N-(2-aminoaminoethyl)glycine inverted question mark and those of various PNA oligomers (5-8-mers) have been measured at room temperature (20 degrees C) as a function of pH. The thymine monomer undergoes N-acyl transfer rearrangement with a half-life of 34 days at pH 11 as analyzed by 1H NMR; and two reactions, the N-acyl transfer and a sequential degradation, are found by HPLC analysis to occur at measurable rates for the oligomers at pH 9 or above. Dependent on the amino-terminal sequence, half-lives of 350 h to 163 days were found at pH 9. At pH 12 the half-lives ranged from 1.5 h to 21 days. The results are discussed in terms of PNA as a gene therapeutic drug as well as a possible prebiotic genetic material.

Novel Polymers for High Efficiency Renewable and Portable Power Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-07-30

photoelectric, thermoelectric , energy conversions, charge transfer, energy transfer, photoluminescence (PL). REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 11. SPONSOR...of polymer/dye interface of photo generated excitons in the covalent system resulting in more efficient exciton dissociations. 4) For thermoelectric ...studies, it appears the thermoelectric charge carrier generations of the four conjugated polymers doped with iodine at room temperature are in the

EMP Preferred Test Procedures. Revision

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-02-01

r _ -P ~PREFERRED TEST PROCEDURES,r- -Hnbo -Tkeltted Elec-ront’c Parts) .... . ITR Projs.E6230,E6261, J.E. Bridges W.C. Emberson V.P. Nanda DNA QQ-72...Connectors Surface Transfer Impedance Shielded Enclosures Surface Transfer Admittance Shielded Rooms E- Field Shielding Conduits Effectiveness Resistor Damage H... Field Shielding Capacitor Damage Effectiveness Inductor Damage Conduit Couplers Transformer Damage Capacitor Characterization Resistor

Characterization of chlorophyll binding to LIL3.

PubMed

Mork-Jansson, Astrid Elisabeth; Eichacker, Lutz Andreas

2018-01-01

The light harvesting like protein 3 (LIL 3) from higher plants, has been linked to functions in chlorophyll and tocopherol biosynthesis, photo-protection and chlorophyll transfer. However, the binding of chlorophyll to LIL3 is unclear. We present a reconstitution protocol for chlorophyll binding to LIL3 in DDM micelles. It is shown in the absence of lipids and carotenoids that reconstitution of chlorophyll binding to in vitro expressed LIL3 requires pre-incubation of reaction partners at room temperature. We show chlorophyll a but not chlorophyll b binding to LIL3 at a molar ratio of 1:1. Neither dynamic light scattering nor native PAGE, enabled a discrimination between binding of chlorophyll a and/or b to LIL3.

Size-dependent single electron transfer and semi-metal-to-insulator transitions in molecular metal oxide electronics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balliou, Angelika; Bouroushian, Mirtat; Douvas, Antonios M.; Skoulatakis, George; Kennou, Stella; Glezos, Nikos

2018-07-01

All-inorganic self-arranged molecular transition metal oxide hyperstructures based on polyoxometalate molecules (POMs) are fabricated and tested as electronically tunable components in emerging electronic devices. POM hyperstructures reveal great potential as charging nodes of tunable charging level for molecular memories and as enhancers of interfacial electron/hole injection for photovoltaic stacks. STM, UPS, UV–vis spectroscopy and AFM measurements show that this functionality stems from the films’ ability to structurally tune their HOMO–LUMO levels and electron localization length at room temperature. By adapting POM nanocluster size in solution, self-doping and current modulation of four orders of magnitude is monitored on a single nanocluster on SiO2 at voltages as low as 3 Volt. Structurally driven insulator-to-semi-metal transitions and size-dependent current regulation through single electron tunneling are demonstrated and examined with respect to the stereochemical and electronic structure of the molecular entities. This extends the value of self-assembly as a tool for correlation length and electronic properties tuning and demonstrate POM hyperstructures’ plausibility for on-chip molecular electronics operative at room temperature.

The Influence of Modulated Signal Risetime in Flight Electronics Radiated Immunity Testing with a Mode-Stirred Chamber

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ely, Jay J.; Nguyen, Truong X.; Scearce, Stephen A.

2000-01-01

For electromagnetic immunity testing of an electronic system, it is desirable to demonstrate its functional integrity when exposed to the full range and intensity of environmental electromagnetic threats that may be encountered over its operational life. As part of this, it is necessary to show proper system operation when exposed to representative threat signal modulations. Modulated signal transition time is easily overlooked, but can be highly significant to system susceptibility. Radiated electromagnetic field immunity testing is increasingly being performed in Mode Stirred Chambers. Because the peak field vs. time relationship is affected by the operation of a reverberating room, it is important to understand how the room may influence any input signal modulation characteristics. This paper will provide insight into the field intensity vs. time relationship within the test environment of a mode stirred chamber. An understanding of this relationship is important to EMC engineers in determining what input signal modulation characteristics will be transferred to the equipment under test. References will be given for the development of this topic, and experimental data will be presented

Photoinduced, copper-catalyzed alkylation of amides with unactivated secondary alkyl halides at room temperature.

PubMed

Do, Hien-Quang; Bachman, Shoshana; Bissember, Alex C; Peters, Jonas C; Fu, Gregory C

2014-02-05

The development of a mild and general method for the alkylation of amides with relatively unreactive alkyl halides (i.e., poor substrates for SN2 reactions) is an ongoing challenge in organic synthesis. We describe herein a versatile transition-metal-catalyzed approach: in particular, a photoinduced, copper-catalyzed monoalkylation of primary amides. A broad array of alkyl and aryl amides (as well as a lactam and a 2-oxazolidinone) couple with unactivated secondary (and hindered primary) alkyl bromides and iodides using a single set of comparatively simple and mild conditions: inexpensive CuI as the catalyst, no separate added ligand, and C-N bond formation at room temperature. The method is compatible with a variety of functional groups, such as an olefin, a carbamate, a thiophene, and a pyridine, and it has been applied to the synthesis of an opioid receptor antagonist. A range of mechanistic observations, including reactivity and stereochemical studies, are consistent with a coupling pathway that includes photoexcitation of a copper-amidate complex, followed by electron transfer to form an alkyl radical.

Size-dependent single electron transfer and semi-metal-to-insulator transitions in molecular metal oxide electronics.

PubMed

Balliou, Angelika; Bouroushian, Mirtat; Douvas, Antonios M; Skoulatakis, George; Kennou, Stella; Glezos, Nikos

2018-07-06

All-inorganic self-arranged molecular transition metal oxide hyperstructures based on polyoxometalate molecules (POMs) are fabricated and tested as electronically tunable components in emerging electronic devices. POM hyperstructures reveal great potential as charging nodes of tunable charging level for molecular memories and as enhancers of interfacial electron/hole injection for photovoltaic stacks. STM, UPS, UV-vis spectroscopy and AFM measurements show that this functionality stems from the films' ability to structurally tune their HOMO-LUMO levels and electron localization length at room temperature. By adapting POM nanocluster size in solution, self-doping and current modulation of four orders of magnitude is monitored on a single nanocluster on SiO 2 at voltages as low as 3 Volt. Structurally driven insulator-to-semi-metal transitions and size-dependent current regulation through single electron tunneling are demonstrated and examined with respect to the stereochemical and electronic structure of the molecular entities. This extends the value of self-assembly as a tool for correlation length and electronic properties tuning and demonstrate POM hyperstructures' plausibility for on-chip molecular electronics operative at room temperature.

KSC-07pd1811

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-07-08

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The payload canister is lifted off its transporter up to the payload changeout room. Inside the canister are the S5 truss, SPACEHAB module and external stowage platform 3, the payload for mission STS-118. The red umbilical lines are still attached. The payloads will be transferred inside the changeout room to wait for Space Shuttle Endeavour to arrive at the pad. The changeout room is the enclosed, environmentally controlled portion of the rotating service structure that supports cargo delivery to the pad and subsequent vertical installation into the orbiter payload bay. The mission will be Endeavour's first flight in more than four years. The shuttle has undergone extensive modifications, including the addition of safety upgrades already added to shuttles Discovery and Atlantis. Endeavour also features new hardware, such as the Station-to-Shuttle Power Transfer System that will allow the docked shuttle to draw electrical power from the station and extend its visits to the orbiting lab. Space Shuttle Endeavour is targeted for launch on Aug. 7 from Launch Pad 39A. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-07pd1813

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-07-08

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- On Launch Pad 39A, the payload canister is lifted up to the payload changeout room. Inside the canister are the S5 truss, SPACEHAB module and external stowage platform 3, the payload for mission STS-118. The red umbilical lines are still attached. The payloads will be transferred inside the changeout room to wait for Space Shuttle Endeavour to arrive at the pad. The changeout room is the enclosed, environmentally controlled portion of the rotating service structure that supports cargo delivery to the pad and subsequent vertical installation into the orbiter payload bay. The mission will be Endeavour's first flight in more than four years. The shuttle has undergone extensive modifications, including the addition of safety upgrades already added to shuttles Discovery and Atlantis. Endeavour also features new hardware, such as the Station-to-Shuttle Power Transfer System that will allow the docked shuttle to draw electrical power from the station and extend its visits to the orbiting lab. Space Shuttle Endeavour is targeted for launch on Aug. 7 from Launch Pad 39A. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

[The 'Surgical Deck': a new generation of integrated operational rooms for ENT].

PubMed

Strauss, G; Gollnick, I; Neumuth, T; Meixensberger, J; Lueth, T C

2013-02-01

Existing operating room concepts do not meet modern technological opportunities anymore. The "Surgical Deck" is supposed to represent a prototype for a new operating room generation. The objective of the project is to achieve a better integration of functions and to develop an innovative concept for a highly developed surgical workstation. 3 working areas are defined: Surgical, Airway and Technical Cockpit. The evaluation was conducted on 284 surgeries carried out from 01.08. 2011 to 31.01. 2012. The evaluation team consisted of 6 surgeons, 3 surgery nurses, 3 anesthesiologists and 4 anesthesia nurses. Within a detailed analysis, the data of 50 FESS surgeries were compared to those of a control group. Within the FESS group, the average slot time was reduced by 13%. 88.2% of those questioned assessed ergonomics as being better than in the conventional OR. 71.5% stated that the Surgical Deck provided an added value with regard to the surgical procedure. 91.3% confirmed that the system control required additional training. 79.3% described the cost-benefit-ratio as appropriate. For 96% of the surgeries, respondents said that they were feeling adequately supported by the technology. The results show a clear advantage of the system architecture. The Surgical Deck may present a solid foundation with regard to the transfer of the system into the clinical practice. This is relevant for new assistance functions such as process control software or navigation-based collision warning systems. It is to be expected that the project will significantly contribute to further develop the future surgical workstation and its standardization. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

KSC-06pd1670

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-07-26

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Shortly after midnight, the payload canister makes a slow journey to Launch Pad 39B. Inside the canister is the payload for Atlantis and mission STS-115, the Port 3/4 truss segment with two large solar arrays. The payload changeout room provides an environmentally clean or "white room" condition in which to receive a payload transferred from a protective payload canister. After the shuttle arrives at the pad, the rotating service structure will close around it and the payload will then be transferred into Atlantis' payload bay. Atlantis' launch window begins Aug. 28. During its 11-day mission to the International Space Station, the STS-115 crew of six astronauts will install the truss, a 17-ton segment of the space station's truss backbone. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

Movement of moisture in refrigerated cheese samples transferred to room temperature.

PubMed

Emmons, D B; Bradley, R L; Campbell, C; Sauvé, J P

2001-01-01

When cheese samples refrigerated at 4 degrees C in 120 mL plastic tubs were transferred to room temperature at 23 degrees C, moisture began to move from the warmer surface to the cooler interior; the difference after 1 h was 0.2-0.4%. Others had observed that moisture moved from the interior of warmer blocks of cheese to the cooler surface during cooling at the end of cheese manufacture. In loosely packed cheese prepared for analysis, part of the moisture movement may have been due to evaporation from the warmer surface and condensation on the cooler cheese. It is recommended that cheese be prepared for analysis immediately before weighing. Cheese samples that have been refrigerated, as in interlaboratory trials, should also be remixed or prepared again.

Organizational models of emergency psychiatric intervention: state of the art.

PubMed

Barra, A; Daini, S; Tonioni, F; Bria, P

2007-01-01

Authors outline the differences between medical and psychiatric definition of emergency and analyze different organizational models of psychiatric intervention in Emergency Room. The historical evolution changed these models, and the relation with services for acute and subacute patients in hospital and community services. The Italian reform model is compared with the slow deinstitutionalization of psychiatry in other countries. Critical points in Italian emergency organization after the Psychiatric Reform are pointed out: low number of beds for acute patients, difficulties and delays in transfer from Emergency Room to GHPW (General Hospital Psychiatric Ward), waiting lists for voluntary treatments. To overcome some of these problems, the Authors propose that even in hospitals without psychiatric ward, a small unit of short psychiatric observation be implemented, for voluntary treatments, before transfer to other institutions.

Inverse Coarse-Graining: A New Tool for Molecular Design

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-16

simulations. When compared with the more general multiscale coarse-graining (MS-CG) method, the EF-CG method retains the transferable part of the CG...Y.; Yan, T.; Voth, G. A., A Multiscale coarse-graining study of liquid/vacuum interface of room-temperature ionic liquids with alkyl substituents of...Energetic Room Temperature Ionic Liquid 1-Hydroxyethyl-4Amino-1, 2, 4-Triazolium Nitrate (HEATN). J. Phys. Chem. B 2008, 112, 3121-3131. 6. Liu, P

Hybrid mesoporous-silica materials functionalized by Pt(II) complexes: correlation between the spatial distribution of the active center, photoluminescence emission, and photocatalytic activity.

PubMed

Mori, Kohsuke; Watanabe, Kentaro; Terai, Yoshikazu; Fujiwara, Yasufumi; Yamashita, Hiromi

2012-09-03

[Pt(tpy)Cl]Cl (tpy: terpyridine) was successfully anchored to a series of mesoporous-silica materials that were modified with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane with the aim of developing new inorganic-organic hybrid photocatalysts. Herein, the relationship between the luminescence characteristics and photocatalytic activities of these materials is examined as a function of Pt loading to define the spatial distribution of the Pt complex in the mesoporous channel. At low Pt loading, the Pt complex is located as an isolated species and exhibits strong photoluminescence emission at room temperature owing to metal-to-ligand charge-transfer ((3)MLCT) transitions (at about 530 nm). Energy- and/or electron-transfer from (3)MLCT to O(2) generate potentially active oxygen species, which are capable of promoting the selective photooxidation of styrene derivatives. On the other hand, short Pt···Pt interactions are prominent at high loading and the metal-metal-to-ligand charge-transfer ((3)MMLCT) transition is at about 620 nm. Such Pt complexes, which are situated close to each other, efficiently catalyze H(2)-evolution reactions in aqueous media in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor (EDTA) under visible-light irradiation. This study also investigates the effect of nanoconfinement on anchored guest complexes by considering the differences between the pore dimensions and structures of mesoporous-silica materials. Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

49 CFR 228.317 - Toilets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) Number of toilets provided. Each individual camp car that provides sleeping facilities must have one room with a functional toilet for a total of one or two occupants, and one additional room with a functional toilet if there are a total of three or four occupants. (b) Construction of toilet rooms. Each toilet...

49 CFR 228.317 - Toilets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...) Number of toilets provided. Each individual camp car that provides sleeping facilities must have one room with a functional toilet for a total of one or two occupants, and one additional room with a functional toilet if there are a total of three or four occupants. (b) Construction of toilet rooms. Each toilet...

49 CFR 228.317 - Toilets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) Number of toilets provided. Each individual camp car that provides sleeping facilities must have one room with a functional toilet for a total of one or two occupants, and one additional room with a functional toilet if there are a total of three or four occupants. (b) Construction of toilet rooms. Each toilet...

Autophonic Loudness of Singers in Simulated Room Acoustic Environments.

PubMed

Yadav, Manuj; Cabrera, Densil

2017-05-01

This paper aims to study the effect of room acoustics and phonemes on the perception of loudness of one's own voice (autophonic loudness) for a group of trained singers. For a set of five phonemes, 20 singers vocalized over several autophonic loudness ratios, while maintaining pitch constancy over extreme voice levels, within five simulated rooms. There were statistically significant differences in the slope of the autophonic loudness function (logarithm of autophonic loudness as a function of voice sound pressure level) for the five phonemes, with slopes ranging from 1.3 (/a:/) to 2.0 (/z/). There was no significant variation in the autophonic loudness function slopes with variations in room acoustics. The autophonic room response, which represents a systematic decrease in voice levels with increasing levels of room reflections, was also studied, with some evidence found in support. Overall, the average slope of the autophonic room response for the three corner vowels (/a:/, /i:/, and /u:/) was -1.4 for medium autophonic loudness. The findings relating to the slope of the autophonic loudness function are in agreement with the findings of previous studies where the sensorimotor mechanisms in regulating voice were shown to be more important in the perception of autophonic loudness than hearing of room acoustics. However, the role of room acoustics, in terms of the autophonic room response, is shown to be more complicated, requiring further inquiry. Overall, it is shown that autophonic loudness grows at more than twice the rate of loudness growth for sounds created outside the human body. Crown Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Options for organization and operation of space applications transfer centers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Robinson, A. C.; Madigan, J. A.

1976-01-01

The benefits of developing regional facilities for transfer of NASA developed technology are discussed. These centers are designed to inform, persuade, and serve users. Included will be equipment for applications and demonstrations of the processes, a library, training facilities, and meeting rooms. The staff will include experts in the various techniques, as well as personnel involved in finding and persuading potential users.

A binary-decision-diagram-based two-bit arithmetic logic unit on a GaAs-based regular nanowire network with hexagonal topology.

PubMed

Zhao, Hong-Quan; Kasai, Seiya; Shiratori, Yuta; Hashizume, Tamotsu

2009-06-17

A two-bit arithmetic logic unit (ALU) was successfully fabricated on a GaAs-based regular nanowire network with hexagonal topology. This fundamental building block of central processing units can be implemented on a regular nanowire network structure with simple circuit architecture based on graphical representation of logic functions using a binary decision diagram and topology control of the graph. The four-instruction ALU was designed by integrating subgraphs representing each instruction, and the circuitry was implemented by transferring the logical graph structure to a GaAs-based nanowire network formed by electron beam lithography and wet chemical etching. A path switching function was implemented in nodes by Schottky wrap gate control of nanowires. The fabricated circuit integrating 32 node devices exhibits the correct output waveforms at room temperature allowing for threshold voltage variation.

An investigation of noncompliant toilet room designs for assisted toileting.

PubMed

Sanford, Jon; Bosch, Sheila J

2013-01-01

By comparing an Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) compliant design with alternative designs, this pilot study resulted in recommendations for designing patient bathrooms to facilitate assisted toileting. The ADA Accessibility Guidelines were developed primarily to address the needs of disabled populations, such as returning Vietnam veterans, with sufficient upper body strength to transfer independently directly from a wheelchair to the toilet. However, the majority of older persons with disabilities (90%) stand to transfer to the toilet, rather than laterally moving from the wheelchair to the toilet. The research used a repeated measures research design to evaluate caregiver responses during assisted toileting for various toilet configurations. The study included 20 patients who were transferred onto and off of a toilet for each of four different configurations by one or two caregivers. Toileting trials were videotaped and analyzed by an occupational therapist. Additionally, caregivers completed five-question, self-report surveys after each toileting trial. Survey data indicate that staff members prefer the largest of the tested configurations, where the centerline of the toilet is 30 inches from the sidewall, rather than the 18 inches required by the ADAAG, and where there are two fold-down grab bars provided. Caregivers perceived the grab bar locations as better for helping them safely transfer subjects in a modified (non-ADAAG) configuration, and also that the grab bar style in a modified configuration (non-ADAAG) improved safety when transferring subjects. Although caregivers were observed to safely transfer residents to and from the toilet for all configurations tested, regulations regarding accessibility of patient bathrooms should acknowledge the perceived benefits of increasing the distance from the sidewall to the centerline of the toilet to as much as 30 inches and allowing two fold-down grab bars instead of the required sidewall and back-wall grab bars. ADA, toilet room design, healthcare design, evidence-based design, human factors, safety, staffPreferred Citation: Sanford, J., & Bosch, S. (2013). An investigation of noncompliant toilet room designs for assisted toileting. Health Environments Research & Design Journal 6(2), pp 43-57.

Environmental contamination with rhinovirus and transfer to fingers of healthy individuals by daily life activity.

PubMed

Winther, Birgit; McCue, Karen; Ashe, Kathleen; Rubino, Joseph R; Hendley, J Owen

2007-10-01

Rhinovirus infection may be acquired by inoculation of virus on fingertips to conjunctiva or nose (self-inoculation). The virus contaminating the fingertips may come from hand contact with someone with a cold or from virus in mucus on environmental surfaces. This study was designed to assess rhinovirus contamination of surfaces by adults with colds and rhinovirus transfer from surfaces to fingertips during normal daily activities. Fifteen adults with natural rhinovirus colds stayed overnight in a local hotel. Ten touched sites in each room were tested for rhinovirus RNA using RT-PCR. Transfer to fingertips of five subjects was examined by drying 10 microl of virus-containing mucus from each subject onto light switches, telephone dial buttons and telephone handsets. After an interval of 1 or 18 hr the subject flipped the light switch, pressed the button, held the handset. Fingertip rinses were tested for virus. Thirty five percent of the 150 environmental sites in the rooms were contaminated. Common virus-positive sites were door handles, pens, light switches, TV remote controls, faucets, and telephones. Rhinovirus was transferred from surfaces to fingertips in 18/30 (60%) trials 1 hr after contamination and in 10/30 (33%) of trials 18 hr (overnight) after contamination. Adults with colds commonly contaminate environmental surfaces with rhinovirus; virus on surfaces can be transferred to a fingertip during normal daily activities. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Columbia Quilt

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-02-22

A certificate is on display that confirms the transfer of a giant hand-made quilt in honor of space shuttle Columbia and her crew from the Office of Procurement to the Columbia Preservation Room inside the Vehicle Assembly Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The quilt was made by Katherine Walsh, a lifelong NASA and space program fan originally from Kentucky. The quilt will be displayed with its certificate in the preservation room as part of NASA's Apollo, Challenger, Columbia Lessons Learned Program.

Applications of Bayesian spectrum representation in acoustics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Botts, Jonathan M.

This dissertation utilizes a Bayesian inference framework to enhance the solution of inverse problems where the forward model maps to acoustic spectra. A Bayesian solution to filter design inverts a acoustic spectra to pole-zero locations of a discrete-time filter model. Spatial sound field analysis with a spherical microphone array is a data analysis problem that requires inversion of spatio-temporal spectra to directions of arrival. As with many inverse problems, a probabilistic analysis results in richer solutions than can be achieved with ad-hoc methods. In the filter design problem, the Bayesian inversion results in globally optimal coefficient estimates as well as an estimate the most concise filter capable of representing the given spectrum, within a single framework. This approach is demonstrated on synthetic spectra, head-related transfer function spectra, and measured acoustic reflection spectra. The Bayesian model-based analysis of spatial room impulse responses is presented as an analogous problem with equally rich solution. The model selection mechanism provides an estimate of the number of arrivals, which is necessary to properly infer the directions of simultaneous arrivals. Although, spectrum inversion problems are fairly ubiquitous, the scope of this dissertation has been limited to these two and derivative problems. The Bayesian approach to filter design is demonstrated on an artificial spectrum to illustrate the model comparison mechanism and then on measured head-related transfer functions to show the potential range of application. Coupled with sampling methods, the Bayesian approach is shown to outperform least-squares filter design methods commonly used in commercial software, confirming the need for a global search of the parameter space. The resulting designs are shown to be comparable to those that result from global optimization methods, but the Bayesian approach has the added advantage of a filter length estimate within the same unified framework. The application to reflection data is useful for representing frequency-dependent impedance boundaries in finite difference acoustic simulations. Furthermore, since the filter transfer function is a parametric model, it can be modified to incorporate arbitrary frequency weighting and account for the band-limited nature of measured reflection spectra. Finally, the model is modified to compensate for dispersive error in the finite difference simulation, from the filter design process. Stemming from the filter boundary problem, the implementation of pressure sources in finite difference simulation is addressed in order to assure that schemes properly converge. A class of parameterized source functions is proposed and shown to offer straightforward control of residual error in the simulation. Guided by the notion that the solution to be approximated affects the approximation error, sources are designed which reduce residual dispersive error to the size of round-off errors. The early part of a room impulse response can be characterized by a series of isolated plane waves. Measured with an array of microphones, plane waves map to a directional response of the array or spatial intensity map. Probabilistic inversion of this response results in estimates of the number and directions of image source arrivals. The model-based inversion is shown to avoid ambiguities associated with peak-finding or inspection of the spatial intensity map. For this problem, determining the number of arrivals in a given frame is critical for properly inferring the state of the sound field. This analysis is effectively compression of the spatial room response, which is useful for analysis or encoding of the spatial sound field. Parametric, model-based formulations of these problems enhance the solution in all cases, and a Bayesian interpretation provides a principled approach to model comparison and parameter estimation. v

Gender in the consulting room.

PubMed

Notman, Malkah T; Nadelson, Carol C

2004-01-01

Gender influences psychoanalysis and psychotherapy in a variety of ways. This article discusses these with reference to the woman therapist and analyst. Choice of therapist is influenced by realistic, transferential, and stereotyped ideas such as (1), wishes for a role model, (2) unconscious fantasies for a better mother, and (3) ideas that women are more nuturent. Family and work conflicts, pregnancy, and lifestyle issues are special issues for the woman professional. Transference and coutertransference manifestations concern variations in erotic and eroticized transference, maternal and paternal transference, and paternal erotic countertransference. Some limitations of cross gender treatment are indicated.

Room temperature synthesis of hydrophilic Ln(3+)-doped KGdF4 (Ln = Ce, Eu, Tb, Dy) nanoparticles with controllable size: energy transfer, size-dependent and color-tunable luminescence properties.

PubMed

Yang, Dongmei; Li, Guogang; Kang, Xiaojiao; Cheng, Ziyong; Ma, Ping'an; Peng, Chong; Lian, Hongzhou; Li, Chunxia; Lin, Jun

2012-06-07

In this paper, we demonstrate a simple, template-free, reproducible and one-step synthesis of hydrophilic KGdF(4): Ln(3+) (Ln = Ce, Eu, Tb and Dy) nanoparticles (NPs) via a solution-based route at room temperature. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra are used to characterize the samples. The results indicate that the use of water-diethyleneglycol (DEG) solvent mixture as the reaction medium not only allows facile particle size control but also endows the as-prepared samples with good water-solubility. In particular, the mean size of NPs is monotonously reduced with the increase of DEG content, from 215 to 40 nm. The luminescence intensity and absolute quantum yields for KGdF(4): Ce(3+), Tb(3+) NPs increase remarkably with particle sizes ranging from 40 to 215 nm. Additionally, we systematically investigate the magnetic and luminescence properties of KGdF(4): Ln(3+) (Ln = Ce, Eu, Tb and Dy) NPs. They display paramagnetic and superparamagnetic properties with mass magnetic susceptibility values of 1.03 × 10(-4) emu g(-1)·Oe and 3.09 × 10(-3) emu g(-1)·Oe at 300 K and 2 K, respectively, and multicolor emissions due to the energy transfer (ET) process Ce(3+)→ Gd(3+)→ (Gd(3+))(n)→ Ln(3+), in which Gd(3+) ions play an intermediate role in this process. Representatively, it is shown that the energy transfer from Ce(3+) to Tb(3+) occurs mainly via the dipole-quadrupole interaction by comparison of the theoretical calculation and experimental results. This kind of magnetic/luminescent dual-function materials may have promising applications in multiple biolabels and MR imaging.

78 FR 71633 - Tank Vessel Oil Transfers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-29

..., West Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590-0001. Hand..., Coast Guard; telephone 202-372-1413, email [email protected] . For information about viewing or...

KSC-06pd1671

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-07-26

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Shortly after midnight, the payload canister and convoy negotiate the turn on the Saturn Causeway, heading for Launch Pad 39B. Inside the canister is the payload for Atlantis and mission STS-115, the Port 3/4 truss segment with two large solar arrays. The payload changeout room provides an environmentally clean or "white room" condition in which to receive a payload transferred from a protective payload canister. After the shuttle arrives at the pad, the rotating service structure will close around it and the payload will then be transferred into Atlantis' payload bay. Atlantis' launch window begins Aug. 28. During its 11-day mission to the International Space Station, the STS-115 crew of six astronauts will install the truss, a 17-ton segment of the space station's truss backbone. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for blunt cardiac rupture.

PubMed

Kudo, Shunsuke; Tanaka, Keiji; Okada, Kunihiko; Takemura, Takahiro

2017-11-01

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) followed by operating room sternotomy, rather than resuscitative thoracotomy, might be life-saving for patients with blunt cardiac rupture and cardiac arrest who do not have multiple severe traumatic injuries. A 49-year-old man was injured in a vehicle crash and transferred to the emergency department. On admission, he was hemodynamically stable, but a plain chest radiograph revealed a widened mediastinum, and echocardiography revealed hemopericardium. A computed tomography scan revealed hemopericardium and mediastinal hematoma, without other severe traumatic injuries. However, the patient's pulse was lost soon after he was transferred to the intensive care unit, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated. We initiated ECPR using femorofemoral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with heparin administration, which achieved hemodynamic stability. He was transferred to the operating room for sternotomy and cardiac repair. Right ventricular rupture and pericardial sac laceration were identified intraoperatively, and cardiac repair was performed. After repairing the cardiac rupture, the cardiac output recovered spontaneously, and ECMO was discontinued intraoperatively. The patient recovered fully and was discharged from the hospital on postoperative day 7. In this patient, ECPR rapidly restored brain perfusion and provided enough time to perform operating room sternotomy, allowing for good surgical exposure of the heart. Moreover, open cardiac massage was unnecessary. ECPR with sternotomy and cardiac repair is advisable for patients with blunt cardiac rupture and cardiac arrest who do not have severe multiple traumatic injuries. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Local Probing Spinel and Perovskite Complex Magnetic Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oliveira, Goncalo Nuno de Pinho

Noise is defined as unwanted sound, when perceived in excess can cause many harmful effects such as annoyance, interference with speech, and hearing loss, hence there is a need to control noise in practical situations. Noise can be controlled actively and/or passively, here we discuss the passive noise control techniques. Passive noise control involves using energy dissipating or reflecting materials such as absorbers or barriers respectively. Damping and isolating materials are also used in eliminating structure-borne noise. These materials exhibit properties such as reflection, absorption and transmission loss when incidence is by a sound source. Thus, there is a need to characterize the acoustical properties of these materials for practical use. The theoretical background of the random incident sound absorption with reverberation room and normal incident sound absorption using impedance tube are well documented. The Transfer Matrix method for measuring transmission loss and absorption coefficient using impedance tube is very attractive since it is rather inexpensive and fast. In this research, a low-cost Impedance Tube is constructed using transfer function method to measure both absorption and transmissibility of materials. Equipment and measurement instruments available in the laboratory were used in the construction of the tube, adhering to cost-effectiveness. Care has been taken for precise construction of tube to ensure better measurement results. Further various samples varying from hard non-porous to soft porous materials were tested for absorption and sound transmission loss. Absorption values were also compared with reverberation room method with the available samples further ensuring the reliability of the newly constructed tube for future measurements.

Vibrational spectroscopic study, charge transfer interaction and nonlinear optical properties of L-asparaginium picrate: a density functional theoretical approach.

PubMed

Elleuch, Nabil; Amamou, Walid; Ben Ahmed, Ali; Abid, Younes; Feki, Habib

2014-07-15

Single crystals of L-asparaginium picrate (LASP) were grown by slow evaporation technique at room temperature and were the subject of an X-ray powder diffraction study to confirm the crystalline nature of the synthesized compound. FT-IR and Raman spectra were recorded and analyzed with the aid of the density functional theory (DFT) calculations in order to make a suitable assignment of the observed bands. The optimum molecular geometry, normal mode wavenumbers, infrared and Raman intensities and the first hyperpolarizability were investigated with the help of B3LYP method using 6-31G(d) basis set. The theoretical FT-IR and Raman spectra of LASP were simulated and compared with the experimental data. A good agreement was shown and a reliable vibrational assignment was made. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was carried out to demonstrate the various inter and intramolecular interactions that are responsible for the stabilization of the title compound leading to high NLO activity. A study on the electronic properties was performed by time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) approach. The lowering in the HOMO and LUMO energy gap explains the eventual charge transfer interactions that take place within the molecules. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Simulation of effects of direction and air flow speed on temperature distribution in the room covered by various roof materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sukanto, H.; Budiana, E. P.; Putra, B. H. H.

2016-03-01

The objective of this research is to get a comparison of the distribution of the room temperature by using three materials, namely plastic-rubber composite, clay, and asbestos. The simulation used Ansys Fluent to get the temperature distribution. There were two conditions in this simulations, first the air passing beside the room and second the air passing in front of the room. Each condition will be varied with the air speed of 1 m/s, 2 m/s, 3 m/s, 4 m/s, 5 m/s for each material used. There are three heat transfers in this simulation, namely radiation, convection, and conduction. Based on the ANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 55-2004, the results of the simulation showed that the best temperature distribution was the roof of plastic-rubber composites.

[The "Würzburg T". A concept for optimization of early multiple trauma care in the emergency department].

PubMed

Kuhnigk, H; Steinhübel, B; Keil, T; Roewer, N

2004-07-01

Anaesthesia management, radiological diagnostic and the concept of damage control surgery should be combined in the resuscitation room. Defined clinical targets and their realisation are a CT-scan and complete damage control surgery in the shock room. Furthermore minimised patient transfer and positioning with continuous access to the head, upper parts of the body and anaesthesia machine should be realised during diagnostic procedures. Based on a carbon-slide fixed on a turntable and innovative alignment of diagnostic devices, a three phase treatment algorithm has been established. Phase A includes primary survey, anaesthetic management and ultrasound examination. Following a turn of the table conventional x-ray diagnostic is assessed in phase B. Tracks for the slide enable immediate transfer to a spiral CT-scan without additional patient positioning (phase C). Following complete CT-scan rearrangement of the table to phase A facilitates immediate damage control surgery. To accelerate device operation and treatment the integrated anaesthesia workstation is ceiling-mounted and manoeuvres close to the patient. This concept realizes complete diagnostic procedures and damage control surgery without time consuming patient transfer or rearrangement.

A simplified heat transfer model for predicting temperature change inside food package kept in cold room.

PubMed

Raval, A H; Solanki, S C; Yadav, Rajvir

2013-04-01

A simple analytical heat flow model for a closed rectangular food package containing fruits or vegetables is proposed for predicting time temperature distribution during transient cooling in a controlled environment cold room. It is based on the assumption of only conductive heat transfer inside a closed food package with effective thermal properties, and convective and radiative heat transfer at the outside of the package. The effective thermal conductivity of the food package is determined by evaluating its effective thermal resistance to heat conduction in the packages. Food packages both as an infinite slab and a finite slab have been investigated. The finite slab solution has been obtained as the product of three infinite slab solutions describe in ASHRAE guide and data book. Time temperature variation has been determined and is presented graphically. The cooling rate and the half cooling time were also obtained. These predicted values, are compared with the experimentally measured values for both the finite and infinite closed packages containing oranges. An excellent agreement between them validated the simple proposed model.

Room-temperature d0 ferromagnetism in carbon-doped Y2O3 for spintronic applications: A density functional theory study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chakraborty, Brahmananda; Nandi, Prithwish K.; Kawazoe, Yoshiyuki; Ramaniah, Lavanya M.

2018-05-01

Through density functional theory simulations with the generalized gradient approximation, confirmed by the more sophisticated hybrid functional, we predict the triggering of d0 ferromagnetism in C doped Y2O3 at a hole density of 3.36 ×1021c m-3 (one order less than the critical hole density of ZnO) having magnetic moment of 2.0 μB per defect with ferromagnetic coupling large enough to promote room-temperature ferromagnetism. The persistence of ferromagnetism at room temperature is established through computation of the Curie temperature by the mean field approximation and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The induced magnetic moment is mainly contributed by the 2 p orbital of the impurity C and the 2 p orbital of O and we quantitatively and extensively demonstrate through the analysis of density of states and ferromagnetic coupling that the Stoner criterion is satisfied to activate room-temperature ferromagnetism. As the system is stable at room temperature, C doped Y2O3 has feasible defect formation energy and ferromagnetism survives for the choice of hybrid exchange functional, and at room temperature we strongly believe that C doped Y2O3 can be tailored as a room-temperature diluted magnetic semiconductor for spintronic applications.

Polymer functionalized nanostructured porous silicon for selective water vapor sensing at room temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dwivedi, Priyanka; Das, Samaresh; Dhanekar, Saakshi

2017-04-01

This paper highlights the surface treatment of porous silicon (PSi) for enhancing the sensitivity of water vapors at room temperature. A simple and low cost technique was used for fabrication and functionalization of PSi. Spin coated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used for functionalizing PSi surface. Morphological and structural studies were conducted to analyze samples using SEM and XRD/Raman spectroscopy respectively. Contact angle measurements were performed for assessing the wettability of the surfaces. PSi and functionalized PSi samples were tested as sensors in presence of different analytes like ethanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and water vapors in the range of 50-500 ppm. Electrical measurements were taken from parallel aluminium electrodes fabricated on the functionalized surface, using metal mask and thermal evaporation. Functionalized PSi sensors in comparison to non-functionalized sensors depicted selective and enhanced response to water vapor at room temperature. The results portray an efficient and selective water vapor detection at room temperature.

A High Frequency (HF) Inductive Power Transfer Circuit for High Temperature Applications Using SiC Schottky Diodes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jordan, Jennifer L.; Ponchak, George E.; Spry, David J.; Neudeck, Philip G.

2018-01-01

Wireless sensors placed in high temperature environments, such as aircraft engines, are desirable to reduce the mass and complexity of routing wires. While communication with the sensors is straight forward, providing power wirelessly is still a challenge. This paper introduces an inductive wireless power transfer circuit incorporating SiC Schottky diodes and its operation from room temperature (25 C) to 500 C.

A Structured Transfer of Care Process Reduces Perioperative Complications in Cardiac Surgery Patients.

PubMed

Hall, Michael; Robertson, Jamie; Merkel, Matthias; Aziz, Michael; Hutchens, Michael

2017-08-01

Serious complications are common during the intensive care of postoperative cardiac surgery patients. Some of these complications may be influenced by communication during the process of handover of care from the operating room to the intensive care unit (ICU) team. A structured transfer of care process may reduce the rate of communication errors and perioperative complications. We hypothesized that a collaborative, comprehensive, structured handover of care from the intraoperative team to the ICU team would reduce a specific set of postoperative complications. We tested this hypothesis by developing and introducing a comprehensive multidisciplinary transfer of care process. We measured patient outcomes before and after the intervention using a linkage between 2 care databases: an Anesthesia Information Management System and a critical care complication registry database. There were 1127 total postoperative cardiac surgery admissions during the study period, 550 before and 577 after the intervention. There was no statistical difference between overall complications before and after the intervention (P = .154). However, there was a statistically significant reduction in preventable complications after the intervention (P = .023). The main finding of this investigation is that the introduction of a collaborative, comprehensive transfer of care process from the operating room to the ICU was associated with patients suffering fewer preventable complications.

Experimental and time-dependent density functional theory characterization of the UV-visible spectra of monomeric and μ-oxo dimeric ferriprotoporphyrin IX.

PubMed

Kuter, David; Venter, Gerhard A; Naidoo, Kevin J; Egan, Timothy J

2012-10-01

Speciation of ferriprotoporphyrin IX, Fe(III)PPIX, in aqueous solution is complex. Despite the use of its characteristic spectroscopic features for identification, the theoretical basis of the unique UV-visible absorbance spectrum of μ-[Fe(III)PPIX](2)O has not been explored. To investigate this and to establish a structural and spectroscopic model for Fe(III)PPIX species, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were undertaken for H(2)O-Fe(III)PPIX and μ-[Fe(III)PPIX](2)O. The models agreed with related Fe(III)porphyrin crystal structures and reproduced vibrational spectra well. The UV-visible absorbance spectra of H(2)O-Fe(III)PPIX and μ-[Fe(III)PPIX](2)O were calculated using time-dependent DFT and reproduced major features of the experimental spectra of both. Transitions contributing to calculated excitations have been identified. The features of the electronic spectrum calculated for μ-[Fe(III)PPIX](2)O were attributed to delocalization of electron density between the two porphyrin rings of the dimer, the weaker ligand field of the axial ligand, and antiferromagnetic coupling of the Fe(III) centers. Room temperature magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra have been recorded and are shown to be useful in distinguishing between these two Fe(III)PPIX species. Bands underlying major spectroscopic features were identified through simultaneous deconvolution of UV-visible and MCD spectra. Computed UV-visible spectra were compared to deconvoluted spectra. Interpretation of the prominent bands of H(2)O-Fe(III)PPIX largely conforms to previous literature. Owing to the weak paramagnetism of μ-[Fe(III)PPIX](2)O at room temperature and the larger number of underlying excitations, interpretation of its experimental UV-visible spectrum was necessarily tentative. Nonetheless, comparison with the calculated spectra of antiferromagnetically coupled and paramagnetic forms of the μ-oxo dimer of Fe(III)porphine suggested that the composition of the Soret band involves a mixture of π→π* and π→d(π) charge transfer transitions. The Q-band and charge transfer bands appear to amalgamate into a mixed low energy envelope consisting of excitations with heavily admixed π→π* and charge transfer transitions.

CO2 sensing of La0.875Ca0.125FeO3 in wet vapor: a comparison of experimental results and first-principles calculations.

PubMed

Wang, Xiaofeng; Chen, Yanping; Qin, Hongwei; Li, Ling; Shi, Changmin; Liu, Liang; Hu, Jifan

2015-05-28

Experimental results show that with an increase of relative humidity, the resistance of La0.875Ca0.125FeO3 decreases at room temperature but increases at higher temperatures (140-360 °C). The humid effect at room temperature is due to the movement of H(+) or H3O(+) inside of the condensed water layer on the surface of La0.875Ca0.125FeO3. Regarding the humid effect at high temperatures, the density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that H2O can be adsorbed onto the La0.875Ca0.125FeO3 surface in the molecular and dissociative adsorption configurations, where the La0.875Ca0.125FeO3 surface gains some electrons from H2O or its dissociative products, consistent with our observation. Experimental results also show that CO2 sensing response at high temperatures decreases with an increase of room-temperature relative humidity. DFT calculations indicate that CO2 adsorbed onto the La0.875Ca0.125FeO3(010) surface, where high concentration oxygen adsorption occurs without water adsorption nearby, releases some electrons into the semiconductor surface, playing the role of a donor. The interaction between CO2 and the local La0.875Ca0.125FeO3(010) surface with pre-adsorption of H2O nearby results in some electron transfer from the La0.875Ca0.125FeO3 surface to CO2, which is responsible for the weakening of CO2 response at high temperatures for La0.875Ca0.125FeO3 with an increase of room-temperature relative humidity.

Virtual reality in the operating room of the future.

PubMed

Müller, W; Grosskopf, S; Hildebrand, A; Malkewitz, R; Ziegler, R

1997-01-01

In cooperation with the Max-Delbrück-Centrum/Robert-Rössle-Klinik (MDC/RRK) in Berlin, the Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics is currently designing and developing a scenario for the operating room of the future. The goal of this project is to integrate new analysis, visualization and interaction tools in order to optimize and refine tumor diagnostics and therapy in combination with laser technology and remote stereoscopic video transfer. Hence, a human 3-D reference model is reconstructed using CT, MR, and anatomical cryosection images from the National Library of Medicine's Visible Human Project. Applying segmentation algorithms and surface-polygonization methods a 3-D representation is obtained. In addition, a "fly-through" the virtual patient is realized using 3-D input devices (data glove, tracking system, 6-DOF mouse). In this way, the surgeon can experience really new perspectives of the human anatomy. Moreover, using a virtual cutting plane any cut of the CT volume can be interactively placed and visualized in realtime. In conclusion, this project delivers visions for the application of effective visualization and VR systems. Commonly known as Virtual Prototyping and applied by the automotive industry long ago, this project shows, that the use of VR techniques can also prototype an operating room. After evaluating design and functionality of the virtual operating room, MDC plans to build real ORs in the near future. The use of VR techniques provides a more natural interface for the surgeon in the OR (e.g., controlling interactions by voice input). Besides preoperative planning future work will focus on supporting the surgeon in performing surgical interventions. An optimal synthesis of real and synthetic data, and the inclusion of visual, aural, and tactile senses in virtual environments can meet these requirements. This Augmented Reality could represent the environment for the surgeons of tomorrow.

Columbia Quilt

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-02-22

A certificate and quilt square are on display that confirms the transfer of a giant hand-made quilt in honor of space shuttle Columbia and her crew from the Office of Procurement to the Columbia Preservation Room inside the Vehicle Assembly Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The quilt was made by Katherine Walsh, a lifelong NASA and space program fan originally from Kentucky. The quilt will be displayed in the preservation room with its certificate as part of NASA's Apollo, Challenger, Columbia Lessons Learned Program.

KSC-07pd3239

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-11-06

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At NASA's Kennedy Space Center, the payload canister atop its transporter reaches the top of Launch Pad 39A. The canister will be positioned under the payload changeout room, on the rotating service structure at left. The canister contains the Columbus Lab module and integrated cargo carrier-lite payloads for space shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-122. They will be transferred into the payload changeout room on the pad. Atlantis is targeted to launch on Dec. 6. Photo credit: NASA/Dimitri Gerondidakis

Fundamental Study of Nuclear Pumped Laser Plasmas.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-12-23

PUMPED DYE LASER PMT PUMPING/ GAS HAND- LING SYSTEM ANODE SIGNAL TO SCREEN ROOM FIGURE 13 EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS FROM ANODE OF PMT SCREEN ROOM...and G.A. Zdasiuk, " Laser Induced Collisional and Radiative Energy Transfer’, Proceedings of Laser Spectroscopy IV, June 1979. W. R. Green, M.D. Wright...AD-A130 988 FUNDAMENTAL STUDY 0F NUCLEAR PUMPED LASER PLASMAS(U) 1/ MIAMI UNIV OXFORD UHDi EPT OF PHYSIS Cs W DOWNES ET AL 23 DEC AS OASGAS 7A C OSAN

Self supporting heat transfer element

DOEpatents

Story, Grosvenor Cook; Baldonado, Ray Orico

2002-01-01

The present invention provides an improved internal heat exchange element arranged so as to traverse the inside diameter of a container vessel such that it makes good mechanical contact with the interior wall of that vessel. The mechanical element is fabricated from a material having a coefficient of thermal conductivity above about 0.8 W cm.sup.-1.degree. K.sup.-1 and is designed to function as a simple spring member when that member has been cooled to reduce its diameter to just below that of a cylindrical container or vessel into which it is placed and then allowed to warm to room temperature. A particularly important application of this invention is directed to a providing a simple compartmented storage container for accommodating a hydrogen absorbing alloy.

Ionization-Enhanced Decomposition of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) Molecules

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Bin; Wright, David; Cliffel, David

2011-01-01

The unimolecular decomposition reaction of TNT can in principle be used to design ways to either detect or remove TNT from the environment. Here, we report the results of a density functional theory study of possible ways to lower the reaction barrier for this decomposition process by ionization, so that decomposition and/or detection can occur at room temperature. We find that ionizing TNT lowers the reaction barrier for the initial step of this decomposition. We further show that a similar effect can occur if a positive moiety is bound to the TNT molecule. The positive charge produces a pronounced electronmore » redistribution and dipole formation in TNT with minimal charge transfer from TNT to the positive moiety.« less

Characterization of chlorophyll binding to LIL3

PubMed Central

Mork-Jansson, Astrid Elisabeth

2018-01-01

The light harvesting like protein 3 (LIL 3) from higher plants, has been linked to functions in chlorophyll and tocopherol biosynthesis, photo-protection and chlorophyll transfer. However, the binding of chlorophyll to LIL3 is unclear. We present a reconstitution protocol for chlorophyll binding to LIL3 in DDM micelles. It is shown in the absence of lipids and carotenoids that reconstitution of chlorophyll binding to in vitro expressed LIL3 requires pre-incubation of reaction partners at room temperature. We show chlorophyll a but not chlorophyll b binding to LIL3 at a molar ratio of 1:1. Neither dynamic light scattering nor native PAGE, enabled a discrimination between binding of chlorophyll a and/or b to LIL3. PMID:29390011

Fluorescence and room temperature activity of Y₂O₃:(Eu³⁺,Au³⁺)/palygorskite nanocomposite.

PubMed

He, Xi; Yang, Huaming

2015-01-28

The fluorescence and room temperature activity of a palygorskite supported Y2O3:(Eu(3+),Au(3+)) nanocomposite were investigated to design a fluorescence-indicated catalyst. The effects of Au(3+) doping on the structure and surface properties of the host material were systematically characterized. The fluorescence intensity of Y2O3:Eu(3+) was affected by Au(3+) doping, which was related to the crystallinity of Y2O3. Excess Au(3+) ions were segregated to the host surface and reduced to metallic Au. The local symmetry of Eu(3+) was reduced by Au(3+) doping, which benefited the energy transfer between Eu(3+) and Au(3+). Energy absorbed by Eu(3+) was transferred from Au(3+) to metallic Au, where electrons were produced. These electrons were absorbed by O2 to change into O2(-), which acted as the oxidant for ortho-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB). The variation of fluorescence intensity during the catalytic reaction was observed. The room temperature catalytic activity of the nanocomposite under UV irradiation was revealed. The as-synthesized nanocomposite might have potential applications in environmental fields.

Ultrafast multi-pulse transient absorption spectroscopy of fucoxanthin chlorophyll a protein from Phaeodactylum tricornutum.

PubMed

West, Robert G; Bína, David; Fuciman, Marcel; Kuznetsova, Valentyna; Litvín, Radek; Polívka, Tomáš

2018-05-01

We have applied femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in pump-probe and pump-dump-probe regimes to study energy transfer between fucoxanthin and Chl a in fucoxanthin-Chl a complex from the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Experiments were carried out at room temperature and 77 K to reveal temperature dependence of energy transfer. At both temperatures, the ultrafast (<100 fs) energy transfer channel from the fucoxanthin S 2 state is active and is complemented by the second pathway via the combined S 1 /ICT state. The S 1 /ICT-Chl a pathway has two channels, the fast one characterized by sub-picosecond energy transfer, and slow having time constants of 4.5 ps at room temperature and 6.6 ps at 77 K. The overall energy transfer via the S 1 /ICT is faster at 77 K, because the fast component gains amplitude upon lowering the temperature. The pump-dump-probe regime, with the dump pulse centered in the spectral region of ICT stimulated emission at 950 nm and applied at 2 ps after excitation, proved that the S 1 and ICT states of fucoxanthin in FCP are individual, yet coupled entities. Analysis of the pump-dump-probe data suggested that the main energy donor in the slow S 1 /ICT-Chl a route is the S 1 part of the S 1 /ICT potential surface. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Diffusion-regulated phase-transfer catalysis for atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in an aqueous/organic biphasic system.

PubMed

Ding, Mingqiang; Jiang, Xiaowu; Peng, Jinying; Zhang, Lifen; Cheng, Zhenping; Zhu, Xiulin

2015-03-01

A concept based on diffusion-regulated phase-transfer catalysis (DRPTC) in an aqueous-organic biphasic system with copper-mediated initiators for continuous activator regeneration is successfully developed for atom transfer radical polymerization (ICAR ATRP) (termed DRPTC-based ICAR ATRP here), using methyl methacrylate (MMA) as a model monomer, ethyl α-bromophenylacetate (EBrPA) as an initiator, and tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA) as a ligand. In this system, the monomer and initiating species in toluene (organic phase) and the catalyst complexes in water (aqueous phase) are simply mixed under stirring at room temperature. The trace catalyst complexes transfer into the organic phase via diffusion to trigger ICAR ATRP of MMA with ppm level catalyst content once the system is heated to the polymerization temperature (75 °C). It is found that well-defined PMMA with controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions can be obtained easily. Furthermore, the polymerization can be conducted in the presence of limited amounts of air without using tedious degassed procedures. After cooling to room temperature, the upper organic phase is decanted and the lower aqueous phase is reused for another 10 recycling turnovers with ultra low loss of catalyst and ligand loading. At the same time, all the recycled catalyst complexes retain nearly perfect catalytic activity and controllability, indicating a facile and economical strategy for catalyst removal and recycling. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

An environmental transfer hub for multimodal atom probe tomography.

PubMed

Perea, Daniel E; Gerstl, Stephan S A; Chin, Jackson; Hirschi, Blake; Evans, James E

2017-01-01

Environmental control during transfer between instruments is required for samples sensitive to air or thermal exposure to prevent morphological or chemical changes prior to analysis. Atom probe tomography is a rapidly expanding technique for three-dimensional structural and chemical analysis, but commercial instruments remain limited to loading specimens under ambient conditions. In this study, we describe a multifunctional environmental transfer hub allowing controlled cryogenic or room-temperature transfer of specimens under atmospheric or vacuum pressure conditions between an atom probe and other instruments or reaction chambers. The utility of the environmental transfer hub is demonstrated through the acquisition of previously unavailable mass spectral analysis of an intact organic molecule made possible via controlled cryogenic transfer into the atom probe using the hub. The ability to prepare and transfer specimens in precise environments promises a means to access new science across many disciplines from untainted samples and allow downstream time-resolved in situ atom probe studies.

Simulation of effects of direction and air flow speed on temperature distribution in the room covered by various roof materials

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sukanto, H., E-mail: masheher@uns.ac.id; Budiana, E. P., E-mail: budiana.e@gmail.com; Putra, B. H. H., E-mail: benedictus.hendy@gmail.com

The objective of this research is to get a comparison of the distribution of the room temperature by using three materials, namely plastic-rubber composite, clay, and asbestos. The simulation used Ansys Fluent to get the temperature distribution. There were two conditions in this simulations, first the air passing beside the room and second the air passing in front of the room. Each condition will be varied with the air speed of 1 m/s, 2 m/s, 3 m/s, 4 m/s, 5 m/s for each material used. There are three heat transfers in this simulation, namely radiation, convection, and conduction. Based on the ANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 55-2004,more » the results of the simulation showed that the best temperature distribution was the roof of plastic-rubber composites.« less

23. DETAIL VIEW OF THE CLUTCH MECHANISM FOR THE MILL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

23. DETAIL VIEW OF THE CLUTCH MECHANISM FOR THE MILL POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FROM LEFT TO RIGHT. TRANSFER WHEEL WITH A BELT THAT CONNECTS TO THE DRIVE WHEEL OF THE MAIN POWER SHAFT. THE CLUTCH MECHANISM, THE DRIVE WHEEL THAT RECEIVED ITS POWER FROM A BELT CONNECTED TO TRANSFER WHEEL IN THE ELECTRIC MOTOR ROOM (BEHIND CAMERA). - Standard Gold Mill, East of Bodie Creek, Northeast of Bodie, Bodie, Mono County, CA

76 FR 19913 - Compliance Testing Procedures: Correction Factor for Room Air Conditioners

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-11

... covered under ASHRAE Standard 37, generally do not have this feature and operate primarily with dry... performance. It is the air mass flow rate that transfers heat between cooler coils or condensers and...

Graphene on silicon dioxide via carbon ion implantation in copper with PMMA-free transfer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lehnert, Jan; Spemann, Daniel; Hamza Hatahet, M.; Mändl, Stephan; Mensing, Michael; Finzel, Annemarie; Varga, Aron; Rauschenbach, Bernd

2017-06-01

In this work, a synthesis method for the growth of low-defect large-area graphene using carbon ion beam implantation into metallic Cu foils is presented. The Cu foils (1 cm2 in size) were pre-annealed in a vacuum at 950 °C for 2 h, implanted with 35 keV carbon ions at room temperature, and subsequently annealed at 850 °C for 2 h to form graphene layers with the layer number controlled by the implantation fluence. The graphene was then transferred to SiO2/Si substrates by a PMMA-free wet chemical etching process. The obtained regions of monolayer graphene are of ˜900 μm size. Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and optical microscopy performed at room temperature demonstrated a good quality and homogeneity of the graphene layers, especially for monolayer graphene.

Quasistatic Cavity Resonance for Ubiquitous Wireless Power Transfer.

PubMed

Chabalko, Matthew J; Shahmohammadi, Mohsen; Sample, Alanson P

2017-01-01

Wireless power delivery has the potential to seamlessly power our electrical devices as easily as data is transmitted through the air. However, existing solutions are limited to near contact distances and do not provide the geometric freedom to enable automatic and un-aided charging. We introduce quasistatic cavity resonance (QSCR), which can enable purpose-built structures, such as cabinets, rooms, and warehouses, to generate quasistatic magnetic fields that safely deliver kilowatts of power to mobile receivers contained nearly anywhere within. A theoretical model of a quasistatic cavity resonator is derived, and field distributions along with power transfer efficiency are validated against measured results. An experimental demonstration shows that a 54 m3 QSCR room can deliver power to small coil receivers in nearly any position with 40% to 95% efficiency. Finally, a detailed safety analysis shows that up to 1900 watts can be transmitted to a coil receiver enabling safe and ubiquitous wireless power.

Quasistatic Cavity Resonance for Ubiquitous Wireless Power Transfer

PubMed Central

Shahmohammadi, Mohsen; Sample, Alanson P.

2017-01-01

Wireless power delivery has the potential to seamlessly power our electrical devices as easily as data is transmitted through the air. However, existing solutions are limited to near contact distances and do not provide the geometric freedom to enable automatic and un-aided charging. We introduce quasistatic cavity resonance (QSCR), which can enable purpose-built structures, such as cabinets, rooms, and warehouses, to generate quasistatic magnetic fields that safely deliver kilowatts of power to mobile receivers contained nearly anywhere within. A theoretical model of a quasistatic cavity resonator is derived, and field distributions along with power transfer efficiency are validated against measured results. An experimental demonstration shows that a 54 m3 QSCR room can deliver power to small coil receivers in nearly any position with 40% to 95% efficiency. Finally, a detailed safety analysis shows that up to 1900 watts can be transmitted to a coil receiver enabling safe and ubiquitous wireless power. PMID:28199321

Non-classicality of the molecular vibrations assisting exciton energy transfer at room temperature

PubMed Central

O’Reilly, Edward J.; Olaya-Castro, Alexandra

2014-01-01

Advancing the debate on quantum effects in light-initiated reactions in biology requires clear identification of non-classical features that these processes can exhibit and utilize. Here we show that in prototype dimers present in a variety of photosynthetic antennae, efficient vibration-assisted energy transfer in the sub-picosecond timescale and at room temperature can manifest and benefit from non-classical fluctuations of collective pigment motions. Non-classicality of initially thermalized vibrations is induced via coherent exciton–vibration interactions and is unambiguously indicated by negativities in the phase–space quasi-probability distribution of the effective collective mode coupled to the electronic dynamics. These quantum effects can be prompted upon incoherent input of excitation. Our results therefore suggest that investigation of the non-classical properties of vibrational motions assisting excitation and charge transport, photoreception and chemical sensing processes could be a touchstone for revealing a role for non-trivial quantum phenomena in biology. PMID:24402469

A study of photomodulated reflectance on staircase-like, n-doped GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs quantum well structures

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

In this study, photomodulated reflectance (PR) technique was employed on two different quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) structures, which consist of n-doped GaAs quantum wells (QWs) between undoped AlxGa1−xAs barriers with three different x compositions. Therefore, the barrier profile is in the form of a staircase-like barrier. The main difference between the two structures is the doping profile and the doping concentration of the QWs. PR spectra were taken at room temperature using a He-Ne laser as a modulation source and a broadband tungsten halogen lamp as a probe light. The PR spectra were analyzed using Aspnes’ third derivative functional form. Since the barriers are staircase-like, the structure has different ground state energies; therefore, several optical transitions take place in the spectrum which cannot be resolved in a conventional photoluminescence technique at room temperature. To analyze the experimental results, all energy levels in the conduction and in the valance band were calculated using transfer matrix technique, taking into account the effective mass and the parabolic band approximations. A comparison of the PR results with the calculated optical transition energies showed an excellent agreement. Several optical transition energies of the QWIP structures were resolved from PR measurements. It is concluded that PR spectroscopy is a very useful experimental tool to characterize complicated structures with a high accuracy at room temperature. PMID:23146126

A study of photomodulated reflectance on staircase-like, n-doped GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum well structures.

PubMed

Donmez, Omer; Nutku, Ferhat; Erol, Ayse; Arikan, Cetin M; Ergun, Yuksel

2012-11-12

In this study, photomodulated reflectance (PR) technique was employed on two different quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) structures, which consist of n-doped GaAs quantum wells (QWs) between undoped AlxGa1-xAs barriers with three different x compositions. Therefore, the barrier profile is in the form of a staircase-like barrier. The main difference between the two structures is the doping profile and the doping concentration of the QWs. PR spectra were taken at room temperature using a He-Ne laser as a modulation source and a broadband tungsten halogen lamp as a probe light. The PR spectra were analyzed using Aspnes' third derivative functional form.Since the barriers are staircase-like, the structure has different ground state energies; therefore, several optical transitions take place in the spectrum which cannot be resolved in a conventional photoluminescence technique at room temperature. To analyze the experimental results, all energy levels in the conduction and in the valance band were calculated using transfer matrix technique, taking into account the effective mass and the parabolic band approximations. A comparison of the PR results with the calculated optical transition energies showed an excellent agreement. Several optical transition energies of the QWIP structures were resolved from PR measurements. It is concluded that PR spectroscopy is a very useful experimental tool to characterize complicated structures with a high accuracy at room temperature.

A study of photomodulated reflectance on staircase-like, n-doped GaAs/Al x Ga1- x As quantum well structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Donmez, Omer; Nutku, Ferhat; Erol, Ayse; Arikan, Cetin M.; Ergun, Yuksel

2012-11-01

In this study, photomodulated reflectance (PR) technique was employed on two different quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) structures, which consist of n-doped GaAs quantum wells (QWs) between undoped Al x Ga1- x As barriers with three different x compositions. Therefore, the barrier profile is in the form of a staircase-like barrier. The main difference between the two structures is the doping profile and the doping concentration of the QWs. PR spectra were taken at room temperature using a He-Ne laser as a modulation source and a broadband tungsten halogen lamp as a probe light. The PR spectra were analyzed using Aspnes' third derivative functional form. Since the barriers are staircase-like, the structure has different ground state energies; therefore, several optical transitions take place in the spectrum which cannot be resolved in a conventional photoluminescence technique at room temperature. To analyze the experimental results, all energy levels in the conduction and in the valance band were calculated using transfer matrix technique, taking into account the effective mass and the parabolic band approximations. A comparison of the PR results with the calculated optical transition energies showed an excellent agreement. Several optical transition energies of the QWIP structures were resolved from PR measurements. It is concluded that PR spectroscopy is a very useful experimental tool to characterize complicated structures with a high accuracy at room temperature.

LOFT. Containment and service building (TAN650). Room number and function ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

LOFT. Containment and service building (TAN-650). Room number and function of each room. Identifies type of floor, paint, walls, ceiling, doors. This is sheet 1 of a 2-page drawing. Kaiser engineers 6413-11-STEP/LOFT-650-XX. Date: October 1965. INEEL index code no. 036-650-00-486-122228 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Area North, Scoville, Butte County, ID

The fundamental role of quantized vibrations in coherent light harvesting by cryptophyte algae

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kolli, Avinash; O'Reilly, Edward J.; Scholes, Gregory D.; Olaya-Castro, Alexandra

2012-11-01

The influence of fast vibrations on energy transfer and conversion in natural molecular aggregates is an issue of central interest. This article shows the important role of high-energy quantized vibrations and their non-equilibrium dynamics for energy transfer in photosynthetic systems with highly localized excitonic states. We consider the cryptophyte antennae protein phycoerythrin 545 and show that coupling to quantized vibrations, which are quasi-resonant with excitonic transitions is fundamental for biological function as it generates non-cascaded transport with rapid and wider spatial distribution of excitation energy. Our work also indicates that the non-equilibrium dynamics of such vibrations can manifest itself in ultrafast beating of both excitonic populations and coherences at room temperature, with time scales in agreement with those reported in experiments. Moreover, we show that mechanisms supporting coherent excitonic dynamics assist coupling to selected modes that channel energy to preferential sites in the complex. We therefore argue that, in the presence of strong coupling between electronic excitations and quantized vibrations, a concrete and important advantage of quantum coherent dynamics is precisely to tune resonances that promote fast and effective energy distribution.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sessler, J. L.; Sathiosatham, M.; Brown, C. T.

The synthesis of a new, noncovalent anthracene-dimethylaniline dyad (ensemble I) held together via guanosine-cytidine Watson-Crick base-pairing interactions is reported. Upon excitation at 420 nm, photoinduced electron-transfer from the dimethylaniline donor to the singlet excited state of the anthracene acceptor occurs, as inferred from a combination of time-resolved fluorescence quenching and transient absorption measurements. In toluene at room temperature, the rate constants for photoinduced intraensemble electron-transfer and subsequent back-electron-transfer (charge recombination) are k{sub CS} = (3.5 {+-} 0.03) x 10{sup 10} s{sup -1} and k{sub CR} = (1.42 {+-} 0.03) x 10{sup 9} s{sup -1}, respectively.

Facile room-temperature synthesis of carboxylated graphene oxide-copper sulfide nanocomposite with high photodegradation and disinfection activities under solar light irradiation

PubMed Central

Yu, Shuyan; Liu, Jincheng; Zhu, Wenyu; Hu, Zhong-Ting; Lim, Teik-Thye; Yan, Xiaoli

2015-01-01

Carboxylic acid functionalized graphene oxide-copper (II) sulfide nanoparticle composite (GO-COOH-CuS) was prepared from carboxylated graphene oxide and copper precursor in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by a facile synthesis process at room temperature. The high-effective combination, the interaction between GO-COOH sheets and CuS nanoparticles, and the enhanced visible light absorption were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) and Photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The as-synthesized GO-COOH-CuS nanocomposite exhibited excellent photocatalytic degradation performance of phenol and rhodamine B, high antibacterial activity toward E. coli and B. subtilis, and good recovery and reusability. The influence of CuS content, the synergistic reaction between CuS and GO-COOH, and the charge-transfer mechanism were systematically investigated. The facile and low-energy synthesis process combined with the excellent degradation and antibacterial performance signify that the GO-COOH-CuS has a great potential for water treatment application. PMID:26553709

Observation of aggregation triggered by Resonance Energy Transfer (RET) induced intermolecular pairing force.

PubMed

Pan, Xiaoyong; Wang, Weizhi; Ke, Lin; Zhang, Nan

2017-07-20

In this report, we showed the existence of RET induced intermolecular pairing force by comparing their fluorescence behaviors under room illumination vs standing in dark area for either PFluAnt solution or PFluAnt&PFOBT mixture. Their prominent emission attenuation under room illumination brought out the critical role of photo, i.e. RET induced intermolecular pairing force in induction of polymer aggregation. Constant UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectra in terms of both peak shapes and maximum wavelengths implied no chemical decomposition was involved. Recoverable fluorescence intensity, fluorescence lifetime as well as NMR spectra further exclude photo induced decomposition. The controllable on/off state of RET induced intermolecular pairing force was verified by the masking effect of outside PFluAnt solution which function as filter to block the excitation of inside PFluAnt and thus off the RET induced intermolecular pairing force. Theoretical calculation suggest that magnitude of RET induced intermolecular pairing force is on the same scale as that of van der Waals interaction. Although the absolute magnitude of RET induced intermolecular pairing force was not tunable, its effect can be magnified by intentionally turn it "on", which was achieved by irradiance with 5 W desk lamp in this report.

Sound Fields in Complex Listening Environments

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

The conditions of sound fields used in research, especially testing and fitting of hearing aids, are usually simplified or reduced to fundamental physical fields, such as the free or the diffuse sound field. The concepts of such ideal conditions are easily introduced in theoretical and experimental investigations and in models for directional microphones, for example. When it comes to real-world application of hearing aids, however, the field conditions are more complex with regard to specific stationary and transient properties in room transfer functions and the corresponding impulse responses and binaural parameters. Sound fields can be categorized in outdoor rural and urban and indoor environments. Furthermore, sound fields in closed spaces of various sizes and shapes and in situations of transport in vehicles, trains, and aircrafts are compared with regard to the binaural signals. In laboratory tests, sources of uncertainties are individual differences in binaural cues and too less controlled sound field conditions. Furthermore, laboratory sound fields do not cover the variety of complex sound environments. Spatial audio formats such as higher-order ambisonics are candidates for sound field references not only in room acoustics and audio engineering but also in audiology. PMID:21676999

Photoinduced triplet-triplet energy transfer in a 2-ureido-4(1H)-pyrimidinone-bridged, quadruply hydrogen-bonded ferrocene-fullerene assembly.

PubMed

Feng, Ke; Yu, Mao-Lin; Wang, Su-Min; Wang, Ge-Xia; Tung, Chen-Ho; Wu, Li-Zhu

2013-01-14

2-Ureido-4(1H)-pyrimidinone-bridged ferrocene-fullerene assembly I is designed and synthesized for elaborating the photoinduced electron-transfer processes in self-complementary quadruply hydrogen-bonded modules. Unexpectedly, steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy reveal an inefficient electron-transfer process from the ferrocene to the singlet or triplet excited state of the fullerene, although the electron-transfer reactions are thermodynamically feasible. Instead, an effective intra-assembly triplet-triplet energy-transfer process is found to be operative in assembly I with a rate constant of 9.2×10(5) s(-1) and an efficiency of 73% in CH(2)Cl(2) at room temperature. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Are we fully utilizing the functionalities of modern operating room ventilators?

PubMed

Liu, Shujie; Kacmarek, Robert M; Oto, Jun

2017-12-01

The modern operating room ventilators have become very sophisticated and many of their features are comparable with those of an ICU ventilator. To fully utilize the functionality of modern operating room ventilators, it is important for clinicians to understand in depth the working principle of these ventilators and their functionalities. Piston ventilators have the advantages of delivering accurate tidal volume and certain flow compensation functions. Turbine ventilators have great ability of flow compensation. Ventilation modes are mainly volume-based or pressure-based. Pressure-based ventilation modes provide better leak compensation than volume-based. The integration of advanced flow generation systems and ventilation modes of the modern operating room ventilators enables clinicians to provide both invasive and noninvasive ventilation in perioperative settings. Ventilator waveforms can be used for intraoperative neuromonitoring during cervical spine surgery. The increase in number of new features of modern operating room ventilators clearly creates the opportunity for clinicians to optimize ventilatory care. However, improving the quality of ventilator care relies on a complete understanding and correct use of these new features. VIDEO ABSTRACT: http://links.lww.com/COAN/A47.

Novel Nanocomposite Structures as Active and Passive Barrier Materials

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-01

during the course of this ARO-funded project. The development of a novel polymer material based on a diol-functionalized room-temperature ionic liquid ...material based on a diol-functionalized room- temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) monomer led to fabrication of membranes, which were tested for their...stimulant vapor. Technical Report A polymerizable room-temperature ionic liquid (4, Figure 1) was chosen as the starting material for making poly(RTIL

Care in a birth room versus a conventional setting: a controlled trial.

PubMed Central

Klein, M; Papageorgiou, A; Westreich, R; Spector-Dunsky, L; Elkins, V; Kramer, M S; Gelfand, M M

1984-01-01

A controlled clinical trial was carried out to assess whether a birth room setting would influence the care of mothers and newborns. Of the 163 low-risk women enrolled, 49 (30%) manifested some prenatal risk and were excluded. The remaining 114 were allocated by strict alternation to a birth room or a conventional setting. Of the 56 women allocated to the birth room, 63% of the primiparas and 19% of the multiparas were later transferred. The numbers in the two settings who had oxytocin stimulation, epidural anesthesia, forceps delivery or cesarean section did not show statistically significant differences. The episiotomy rates were slightly lower in the birth room than in the conventional setting, and the rates of an intact perineum were higher in the birth room. Neither the Apgar scores nor the morbidity rates of the infants showed statistically significant differences related to the setting to which the mother had been allocated, although more infants from the conventional setting were admitted to a special care unit. Both "experimental" groups of women less often received routine perineal shaving, enemas or intravenous infusions than did an obstetrically similar nonexperimental comparison group. Despite the apparent inability in this setting for the birth room to influence the rate of major obstetric procedures (except for episiotomy) and outcomes, the authors believe that a birth room is desirable in tertiary care centres as well as in community hospitals. PMID:6388776

Highly sensitive response of solution-processed bismuth sulfide nanobelts for room-temperature nitrogen dioxide detection.

PubMed

Kan, Hao; Li, Min; Song, Zhilong; Liu, Sisi; Zhang, Baohui; Liu, Jingyao; Li, Ming-Yu; Zhang, Guangzu; Jiang, ShengLin; Liu, Huan

2017-11-15

Low dimensional nanomaterials have emerged as candidates for gas sensors owing to their unique size-dependent properties. In this paper, Bi 2 S 3 nanobelts were synthesized via a facile solvothermal process and spin-coated onto alumina substrates at room temperature. The conductometric devices can even sensitively response to the relatively low concentrations of NO 2 at room temperature, and their sensing performance can be effectively enhanced by the ligand exchange treatment with inorganic salts. The Pb(NO 3 ) 2 -treated device exhibited superior sensing performance of 58.8 under 5ppm NO 2 at room-temperature, with the response and recovery time of 28 and 106s. The competitive adsorption of NO 2 against O 2 on Bi 2 S 3 nanobelts, with the enhancement both in gas adsorption and charge transfer caused by the porous network of the very thin Bi 2 S 3 nanobelts, can be a reasonable explanation for the improved performance at room temperature. Their sensitive room-temperature response behaviors combined with the excellent solution processability, made Bi 2 S 3 nanobelts very attractive for the construction of low-cost gas sensors with lower power consumption. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Regenerative adsorbent heat pump

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, Jack A. (Inventor)

1991-01-01

A regenerative adsorbent heat pump process and system is provided which can regenerate a high percentage of the sensible heat of the system and at least a portion of the heat of adsorption. A series of at least four compressors containing an adsorbent is provided. A large amount of heat is transferred from compressor to compressor so that heat is regenerated. The process and system are useful for air conditioning rooms, providing room heat in the winter or for hot water heating throughout the year, and, in general, for pumping heat from a lower temperature to a higher temperature.

Photochemically engineering the metal-semiconductor interface for room-temperature transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes with formic acid.

PubMed

Li, Xin-Hao; Cai, Yi-Yu; Gong, Ling-Hong; Fu, Wei; Wang, Kai-Xue; Bao, Hong-Liang; Wei, Xiao; Chen, Jie-Sheng

2014-12-08

A mild photochemical approach was applied to construct highly coupled metal-semiconductor dyads, which were found to efficiently facilitate the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. Aniline was produced in excellent yield (>99 %, TOF: 1183) using formic acid as hydrogen source and water as solvent at room temperature. This general and green catalytic process is applicable to a wide range of nitroarenes without the involvement of high-pressure gases or sacrificial additives. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Swabbing of waiting room magazines reveals only low levels of bacterial contamination

PubMed Central

Charnock, Colin

2005-01-01

Previous studies have shown that toys in waiting rooms of general practice surgeries can be contaminated with potentially pathogenic bacteria. The question was raised as to whether magazines might also be sources of contamination. Swabbing of the front page of 15 magazines from 11 general practice surgeries, followed by analysis for total and specific bacteria, revealed low levels of contamination. Among targeted groups of pathogens only two colonies of Staphylococcus aureus were detected. Magazines do not seem to be potentially important vectors of bacterial transfer in the setting examined. PMID:15667764

Metal oxide gas sensors on the nanoscale

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Plecenik, A.; Haidry, A. A.; Plecenik, T.; Durina, P.; Truchly, M.; Mosko, M.; Grancic, B.; Gregor, M.; Roch, T.; Satrapinskyy, L.; Moskova, A.; Mikula, M.; Kus, P.

2014-06-01

Low cost, low power and highly sensitive gas sensors operating at room temperature are very important devices for controlled hydrogen gas production and storage. One of the disadvantages of chemosensors is their high operating temperature (usually 200 - 400 °C), which excludes such type of sensors from usage in explosive environment. In this report, a new concept of gas chemosensors operating at room temperature based on TiO2 thin films is discussed. Integration of such sensor is fully compatible with sub-100 nm semiconductor technology and could be transferred directly from labor to commercial sphere.

KSC-07pd3242

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-11-06

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The payload canister containing the Columbus Laboratory module and integrated cargo carrier-lite is lifted up toward the payload changeout room on Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. Once in place, the canister will be opened and the cargo transferred inside the payload changeout room. The payload will be installed in space shuttle Atlantis' payload bay.The canister contains the Columbus Lab module and integrated cargo carrier-lite payloads for space shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-122. Atlantis is targeted to launch on Dec. 6. Photo credit: NASA/Dimitri Gerondidakis

Quasi-elastic (QENS) and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) on hexamethylbenzene

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krawczyk, J.; Mayer, J.; Natkaniec, I.; Nowina Konopka, M.; Pawlukojć; Steinsvoll, O.; Janik, J. A.

2005-05-01

The Quasi-elastic Neutron scattering (QENS) spectra of polycrystalline hexamethylbenzene (HMB) were measured for temperatures from 10 K to room temperature (phase III and phase II) for momentum transfer 1.9 Å -1. The Inelastic Neutron scattering (INS) and QENS spectra for momentum transfer 0.5-2.9 Å -1 were measured at T=20, 100 and 130 K for energy transfer up to 200 meV. The low-resolution diffraction patterns, used as the phase indicator, were also obtained. In the phase III (below 117 K), we see practically no quasi-elastic broadening. In phase II, the broadening changes with the temperature are in good agreement with the Arrhenius law. The estimated activation barrier to reorientation is 6 kJ/mol. The fitted mean time between instantaneous 120° jumps of CH 3 groups changes from 10 -11 s at T=130 K to 2×10 -13 s at room temperature. On the basis of EISF versus momentum transfer dependency it is hardly possible to decide what is the geometry of the reorientation. Both reorientation of the CH 3 groups around the three-fold symmetry axis and reorientation of the whole molecule around the six-fold symmetry axis of the benzene ring could describe our results, the former being more probable. The measured INS spectra are compared with the quantum chemical ab initio calculations performed for an isolated HMB molecule.

Voltammetry of ion transfer across a polarized room-temperature ionic liquid membrane facilitated by valinomycin: theoretical aspects and application.

PubMed

Langmaier, Jan; Samec, Zdenek

2009-08-01

Cyclic voltammetry is used to investigate the transfer of alkali-metal cations, protons, and ammonium ions facilitated by the complex formation with valinomycin at the interface between an aqueous electrolyte solution and a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) membrane. The membrane is made of a thin (approximately 112 microm) microporous filter impregnated with an RTIL that is composed of tridodecylmethylammonium cations and tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate anions. An extension of the existing theory of voltammetry of ion transfer across polarized liquid membranes makes it possible to evaluate the standard ion-transfer potentials for the hydrophilic cations studied, as well as the stability constants (K(i)) of their 1:1 complexes with valinomycin, as log K(i) = 9.0 (H(+)), 11.1 (Li(+)), 12.8 (Na(+)), 17.2 (K(+)), 15.7 (Rb(+)), 15.1 (Cs(+)), and 14.7 (NH(4)(+)). These data point to the remarkably enhanced stability of the valinomycin complexes within RTIL, and to the enhanced selectivity of valinomycin for K(+) over all other univalent ions studied, compared to the conventional K(+) ion-selective liquid-membrane electrodes. Selective complex formation allows one to resolve voltammetric responses of K(+) and Na(+) in the presence of an excess of Mg(2+) or Ca(2+), which is demonstrated by determination of K(+) and Na(+) in the table and tap water samples.

Heat transfer characteristics of coconut oil as phase change material to room cooling application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Irsyad, M.; Harmen

2017-03-01

Thermal comfort in a room is one of human needs in the workplace and dwellings, so that the use of air conditioning system in tropical countries is inevitable. This equipment has an impact on the increase of energy consumption. One method of minimizing the energy use is by using the phase change material (PCM) as thermal energy storage. This material utilizes the temperature difference between day and night for the storage and release of thermal energy. PCM development on application as a material for air cooling inlet, partitioning and interior needs to be supported by the study of heat transfer characteristics when PCM absorbs heat from ambient temperature. This study was conducted to determine the heat transfer characteristics on coconut oil as a phase change material. There are three models of experiments performed in this research. Firstly, an experiment was conducted to analyze the time that was needed by material to phase change by varying the temperature. The second experiment analyzed the heat transfer characteristics of air to PCM naturally convection. The third experiment analyzed the forced convection heat transfer on the surface of the PCM container by varying the air velocity. The data of experimental showed that, increasing ambient air temperature resulted in shorter time for phase change. At temperatures of 30°C, the time for phase change of PCM with the thickness of 8 cm was 1700 min, and it was stable at temperatures of 27°C. Increasing air temperature accelerated the phase change in the material. While for the forced convection heat transfer, PCM could reduce the air temperature in the range of 30 to 35°C at about 1 to 2°C, with a velocity of 1-3 m/s.

Creep-induced residual stress strengthening in a Nicalon-fiber-reinforced BMAS-glass-ceramic-matrix composite

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Widjaja, S.; Jakus, K.; Ritter, J.E.

The feasibility of inducing a compressive residual stress in the matrix of a Nicalon-fiber-reinforced BMAS-glass-ceramic-matrix composite through a creep-load transfer treatment was studied. Specimens were crept at 1100 C under constant tensile load to cause load transfer from the matrix to the fibers, then cooled under load. Upon removal of the load at room temperature, the matrix was put into compression by the elastic recovery of the fibers. This compressive residual stress in the matrix increased the room-temperature proportional limit stress of the composite. The increase in the proportional limit stress was found to be dependent upon the applied creepmore » stress, with an increase in creep stress resulting in an increase in the proportional limit stress. Acoustic emission results showed that the onset of significant matrix cracking correlated closely to the proportional limit stress. Changes in the state of residual stress in the matrix were supported by X-ray diffraction results. Fracture surfaces of all specimens exhibited fiber pullout behavior, indicating that the creep-load transfer process did not embrittle the fiber/matrix interface.« less

Room temperature synthesis of water-dispersible Ln3+:CeF3 (Ln = Nd, Tb) nanoparticles with different morphology as bimodal probes for fluorescence and CT imaging.

PubMed

González-Mancebo, Daniel; Becerro, Ana I; Rojas, T Cristina; Olivencia, Andrés; Corral, Ariadna; Balcerzyk, Marcin; Cantelar, Eugenio; Cussó, Fernando; Ocaña, Manuel

2018-06-15

The singular properties of lanthanide-based inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) has raised the attention of the scientific community in biotechnological applications. In particular, those systems with two or more functionalities are especially interesting. In this work, an effective and commercially attractive procedure has been developed that renders uniform, water-dispersible Ln 3+ :CeF 3 (Ln = Tb, Nd) NPs with different shapes and size. The method consists of the homogeneous precipitation, in a mixture of polyol and water, of cations and anions using precursors that allow the controlled release of the latter. The advantages of the reported method are related to the absence of surfactants, dispersing agents or corrosive precursors as well as to the room temperature of the process. The obtained Tb:CeF 3 NPs produce an intense emission after excitation through the Ce-Tb energy transfer band located in the UV spectral region, thus being potentially useful as phosphors for in-vitro imaging purposes. On the other hand, the synthesized Nd:CeF 3 NPs are good candidates for in-vivo imaging because their excitation and emission wavelengths lie in the biological windows. Finally, the excellent X-ray attenuation efficacy of the Nd:CeF 3 NPs is shown, which confers double functionality to this material as both luminescence bioprobe and contrast agent for X-ray computed-tomography. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Improved platelet survival after cold storage by prevention of glycoprotein Ibα clustering in lipid rafts

PubMed Central

Gitz, Eelo; Koekman, Cornelis A; van den Heuvel, Dave J.; Deckmyn, Hans; Akkerman, Jan W.; Gerritsen, Hans C.; Urbanus, Rolf T.

2012-01-01

Background Storing platelets for transfusion at room temperature increases the risk of microbial infection and decreases platelet functionality, leading to out-date discard rates of up to 20%. Cold storage may be a better alternative, but this treatment leads to rapid platelet clearance after transfusion, initiated by changes in glycoprotein Ibα, the receptor for von Willebrand factor. Design and Methods: We examined the change in glycoprotein Ibα distribution using Förster resonance energy transfer by time-gated fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Results Cold storage induced deglycosylation of glycoprotein Ibα ectodomain, exposing N-acetyl-Dglucosamine residues, which sequestered with GM1 gangliosides in lipid rafts. Raft-associated glycoprotein Ibα formed clusters upon binding of 14-3-3ζ adaptor proteins to its cytoplasmic tail, a process accompanied by mitochondrial injury and phosphatidyl serine exposure. Cold storage left glycoprotein Ibα surface expression unchanged and although glycoprotein V decreased, the fall did not affect glycoprotein Ibα clustering. Prevention of glycoprotein Ibα clustering by blockade of deglycosylation and 14-3-3ζ translocation increased the survival of cold-stored platelets to above the levels of platelets stored at room temperature without compromising hemostatic functions. Conclusions We conclude that glycoprotein Ibα translocates to lipid rafts upon cold-induced deglycosylation and forms clusters by associating with 14-3-3ζ. Interference with these steps provides a means to enable cold storage of platelet concentrates in the near future. PMID:22733027

Preparation of Carbon Nanosheets at Room Temperature

PubMed Central

Schrettl, Stephen; Schulte, Bjoern; Stefaniu, Cristina; Oliveira, Joana; Brezesinski, Gerald; Frauenrath, Holger

2016-01-01

Amphiphilic molecules equipped with a reactive, carbon-rich "oligoyne" segment consisting of conjugated carbon-carbon triple bonds self-assemble into defined aggregates in aqueous media and at the air-water interface. In the aggregated state, the oligoynes can then be carbonized under mild conditions while preserving the morphology and the embedded chemical functionalization. This novel approach provides direct access to functionalized carbon nanomaterials. In this article, we present a synthetic approach that allows us to prepare hexayne carboxylate amphiphiles as carbon-rich siblings of typical fatty acid esters through a series of repeated bromination and Negishi-type cross-coupling reactions. The obtained compounds are designed to self-assemble into monolayers at the air-water interface, and we show how this can be achieved in a Langmuir trough. Thus, compression of the molecules at the air-water interface triggers the film formation and leads to a densely packed layer of the molecules. The complete carbonization of the films at the air-water interface is then accomplished by cross-linking of the hexayne layer at room temperature, using UV irradiation as a mild external stimulus. The changes in the layer during this process can be monitored with the help of infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy and Brewster angle microscopy. Moreover, a transfer of the carbonized films onto solid substrates by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique has enabled us to prove that they were carbon nanosheets with lateral dimensions on the order of centimeters. PMID:27022781

Brønsted acidity of protic ionic liquids: a modern ab initio valence bond theory perspective.

PubMed

Patil, Amol Baliram; Mahadeo Bhanage, Bhalchandra

2016-09-21

Room temperature ionic liquids (ILs), especially protic ionic liquids (PILs), are used in many areas of the chemical sciences. Ionicity, the extent of proton transfer, is a key parameter which determines many physicochemical properties and in turn the suitability of PILs for various applications. The spectrum of computational chemistry techniques applied to investigate ionic liquids includes classical molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo simulations, ab initio molecular dynamics, Density Functional Theory (DFT), CCSD(t) etc. At the other end of the spectrum is another computational approach: modern ab initio Valence Bond Theory (VBT). VBT differs from molecular orbital theory based methods in the expression of the molecular wave function. The molecular wave function in the valence bond ansatz is expressed as a linear combination of valence bond structures. These structures include covalent and ionic structures explicitly. Modern ab initio valence bond theory calculations of representative primary and tertiary ammonium protic ionic liquids indicate that modern ab initio valence bond theory can be employed to assess the acidity and ionicity of protic ionic liquids a priori.

Formation mechanism and mechanics of dip-pen nanolithography using molecular dynamics.

PubMed

Wu, Cheng-Da; Fang, Te-Hua; Lin, Jen-Fin

2010-03-02

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the mechanisms of molecular transference, pattern formation, and mechanical behavior in the dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) process. The effects of deposition temperature were studied using molecular trajectories, the meniscus characteristic, surface absorbed energy, and pattern formation analysis. At the first transferred stage (at the initial indentation depth), the conformation of SAM molecules lies almost on the substrate surface. The molecules start to stand on the substrate due to the pull and drag forces at the second transferred stage (after the tip is pulled up). According to the absorbed energy behavior, the second transferred stage has larger transferred amounts and the transfer rate is strongly related to temperature. When molecules were deposited at low temperature (e.g., room temperature), the pattern shape was more highly concentrated. The pattern shape at high temperatures expanded and the area increased because of good molecular diffusion.

Social transfer of alcohol withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia in female prairie voles.

PubMed

Walcott, Andre T; Smith, Monique L; Loftis, Jennifer M; Ryabinin, Andrey E

2018-03-27

The expression of pain serves as a way for animals to communicate potential dangers to nearby conspecifics. Recent research demonstrated that mice undergoing alcohol or morphine withdrawal, or inflammation, could socially communicate their hyperalgesia to nearby mice. However, it is unknown whether such social transfer of hyperalgesia can be observed in other species of rodents. Therefore, the present study investigated if the social transfer of hyperalgesia occurs in the highly social prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). We observe that adult female prairie voles undergoing withdrawal from voluntary two-bottle choice alcohol drinking display an increase in nociception. This alcohol withdrawal-induced hypersensitiity is socially transferred to female siblings within the same cage and female strangers housed in separate cages within the same room. These experiments reveal that the social transfer of pain phenomenon is not specific to inbred mouse strains and that prairie voles display alcohol withdrawal and social transfer-induced hyperalgesia.

ARC-2008-ACD07-0073-468

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-14

LCROSS in Ames clean room N-240- securing the special made crate for transfer to Northrup Grumman Redondo Beach, CA where more calibration will be done before finally being sent for mating with the LRO spacecraft with Steve Ord, Ames Project Management Office

Step-induced deconstruction and step-height evolution of the Au(110) surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Romahn, U.; von Blanckenhagen, P.; Kroll, C.; Göpel, W.

1993-05-01

We use temperature-dependent high-resolution low-energy electron diffraction and spot-profile analysis low-energy electron diffraction to study the Au(110) surface at room temperature up to 786 K. The experimental data were analyzed within the framework of the kinematic theory. Oscillations were determined of the positions of half order and fundamental Bragg peaks as well as of the full width at half maximum of the specular peak as a function of perpendicular momentum transfer. Evidence of mono- atomic steps occurring in the [001] direction was found below and around the (2×1)-->(1×1) transition at Tc. Above Tc, the surface gets smoother in the [001] direction; at the roughening temperature, TR, the evolution of multiple-height steps starts in both symmetry directions.

An Introduction to 3-D Sound

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Begault, Durand R.; Null, Cynthia H. (Technical Monitor)

1997-01-01

This talk will overview the basic technologies related to the creation of virtual acoustic images, and the potential of including spatial auditory displays in human-machine interfaces. Research into the perceptual error inherent in both natural and virtual spatial hearing is reviewed, since the formation of improved technologies is tied to psychoacoustic research. This includes a discussion of Head Related Transfer Function (HRTF) measurement techniques (the HRTF provides important perceptual cues within a virtual acoustic display). Many commercial applications of virtual acoustics have so far focused on games and entertainment ; in this review, other types of applications are examined, including aeronautic safety, voice communications, virtual reality, and room acoustic simulation. In particular, the notion that realistic simulation is optimized within a virtual acoustic display when head motion and reverberation cues are included within a perceptual model.

Heat transfer rate and film cooling effectiveness measurements in a transient cascade

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schultz, D. L.; Oldfield, M. L. G.; Jones, T. V.

1980-09-01

A transient cascade useful for heat transfer rate measurements is briefly described. The facility employs a free piston which compresses the test gas to temperatures around 450 K and pressures of about 3.5 to 7.5 Atm. The model is initially at room temperature and it is necessary to attain the correct gas to wall temperature ratio. The exit Mach number is set by the inlet total pressure and the pressure in the exit dump tank. Thin film heat transfer gauges are used for the measurement of heat transfer rate, deposited on machineable glass ceramic blades. The inherently fast response of these transducers makes them useful for the investigation of boundary layer transition on blade surfaces and some typical results are included.

Team Needs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cohen, Andrew

1998-01-01

Explores locker-room design concepts that can be used to accommodate multipurpose athletic facilities and make the locker room more efficient and user friendly. Spaces are described that can be added to the typical locker room that will complement expanding facility functions. (GR)

Quality assurance for patients with head injuries admitted to a regional trauma unit.

PubMed

Schwartz, M L; Sharkey, P W; Andersen, J A

1991-07-01

The efficacy of trauma systems in reducing preventable deaths has been established but the methods of auditing care are still evolving. Various "audit filters" to identify which patients' charts should be reviewed have been proposed. An analysis of all patients admitted to the Regional Trauma Unit (RTU) over a 19-month period was conducted. Of 729 patients, 135 were identified as having suffered a traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (TICH). On review, neither delay in transfer from the emergency room to the operating room nor increasing time from the incident to the operating room correlated with increasing mortality. In contrast to delay, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score on admission correlated well with outcome. The charts of patients with anomalous outcomes based on admission GCS score were reviewed, and two possibly preventable deaths were identified. There were 48 patients with TICH who had no operations but there were no deaths attributable to a missed operation. There were 76 patients for whom the GCS score at the referring hospital and the GCS score on admission to the RTU were available. Seven of 19 patients who worsened on transfer declined because of significant pulmonary injuries. Anomalous outcomes based on admission GCS score and declining GCS scores are recommended as quality assurance filters.

Specialized CCDs for high-frame-rate visible imaging and UV imaging applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Levine, Peter A.; Taylor, Gordon C.; Shallcross, Frank V.; Tower, John R.; Lawler, William B.; Harrison, Lorna J.; Socker, Dennis G.; Marchywka, Mike

1993-11-01

This paper reports recent progress by the authors in two distinct charge coupled device (CCD) technology areas. The first technology area is high frame rate, multi-port, frame transfer imagers. A 16-port, 512 X 512, split frame transfer imager and a 32-port, 1024 X 1024, split frame transfer imager are described. The thinned, backside illuminated devices feature on-chip correlated double sampling, buried blooming drains, and a room temperature dark current of less than 50 pA/cm2, without surface accumulation. The second technology area is vacuum ultraviolet (UV) frame transfer imagers. A developmental 1024 X 640 frame transfer imager with 20% quantum efficiency at 140 nm is described. The device is fabricated in a p-channel CCD process, thinned for backside illumination, and utilizes special packaging to achieve stable UV response.

Relationships between the decoupled and coupled transfer functions: Theoretical studies and experimental validation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Zengwei; Zhu, Ping; Liu, Zhao

2018-01-01

A generalized method for predicting the decoupled transfer functions based on in-situ transfer functions is proposed. The method allows predicting the decoupled transfer functions using coupled transfer functions, without disassembling the system. Two ways to derive relationships between the decoupled and coupled transfer functions are presented. Issues related to immeasurability of coupled transfer functions are also discussed. The proposed method is validated by numerical and experimental case studies.

Effects of energy transfer on quantum efficiency of YAG:Nd

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lupei, V.; Lupei, A.; Georgescu, S.; Yen, W. M.

1989-10-01

Using the energy transfer parameters deduced from the study on nonexponential luminescence decay of the 4F3/2 level of Nd(3+) in YAG at room temperature, it is shown that up to 1.5 at. pct Nd, the relative quantum efficiency is reduced by an amount of 18.2C, C being the relative Nd concentration. It is pointed out that about 20 percent of this reduction is due to a very effective quenching mechanism inside the nearest-neighbor Nd-ion pairs.

Bulk water freezing dynamics on superhydrophobic surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chavan, S.; Carpenter, J.; Nallapaneni, M.; Chen, J. Y.; Miljkovic, N.

2017-01-01

In this study, we elucidate the mechanisms governing the heat-transfer mediated, non-thermodynamic limited, freezing delay on non-wetting surfaces for a variety of characteristic length scales, Lc (volume/surface area, 3 mm < Lc < 6 mm) using carefully designed freezing experiments in a temperature-controlled, zero-humidity environment on thin water slabs. To probe the effect of surface wettability, we investigated the total time for room temperature water to completely freeze into ice on superhydrophilic ( θaapp→ 0°), hydrophilic (0° < θa < 90°), hydrophobic (90° < θa < 125°), and superhydrophobic ( θaapp→ 180°) surfaces. Our results show that at macroscopic length scales, heat conduction through the bulk water/ice layer dominates the freezing process when compared to heat conduction through the functional coatings or nanoscale gaps at the superhydrophobic substrate-water/ice interface. In order to verify our findings, and to determine when the surface structure thermal resistance approaches the water/ice resistance, we fabricated and tested the additional substrates coated with commercial superhydrophobic spray coatings, showing a monotonic increase in freezing time with coating thickness. The added thermal resistance of thicker coatings was much larger than that of the nanoscale superhydrophobic features, which reduced the droplet heat transfer and increased the total freezing time. Transient finite element method heat transfer simulations of the water slab freezing process were performed to calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient at the substrate-water/ice interface during freezing, and shown to be in the range of 1-2.5 kW/m2K for these experiments. The results shown here suggest that in order to exploit the heat-transfer mediated freezing delay, thicker superhydrophobic coatings must be deposited on the surface, where the coating resistance is comparable to the bulk water/ice conduction resistance.

New ergonomic and functional design of digital conferencing rooms in a clinical environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ratib, Osman M.; Amato, Carlos L.; McGill, D. Ric; Liu, Brent J.; Balbona, Joseph A.; McCoy, J. Michael

2003-05-01

Clinical conferences and multidisciplinary medical rounds play a major role in patient management and decision-making relying on presentation of variety of documents: films, charts, videotapes, graphs etc. These conferences and clinical rounds are often carried out in conferencing rooms or department libraries that are usually not suitable for presentation of the data in electronic format. In most instances digital projection equipment is added to existing rooms without proper consideration to functional, ergonomic, acoustical, spatial and environmental requirements. Also, in large academic institutions, the conference rooms serve multiple purposes including as classrooms for teaching and education of students and for administrative meetings among managers and staff. In the migration toward a fully digital hospital we elected to analyze the functional requirements and optimize the ergonomic design of conferencing rooms that can accommodate clinical rounds, multidisciplinary reviews, seminars, formal lectures and department meetings. 3D computer simulation was used for better evaluation and analysis of spatial and ergonomic parameters and for gathering opinions and input from users on different design options. A critical component of the design is the understanding of the different workflow and requirements of different types of conferences and presentations that can be carried out in these conference rooms.

76 FR 14064 - Notice of Inventory Completion: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-15

... pueblo of about 31 rooms with additional stone alignments. Based on the ceramic assemblage, the site is... direction of Emil Haury. In 1950, the Gila Pueblo Foundation closed and the collections were transferred to...

49 CFR 227.121 - Recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... exposure measurement records for specific locations available to regional or national labor representatives... ceases to do business, it shall transfer to the successor employer all records required to be maintained... measurements of the background sound pressure levels in audiometric test rooms; (vi) The model and serial...

77 FR 4556 - Proposed Agency Information Collection

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-30

... submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for clearance, a proposal for collection of... Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR... Management and Budget, New Executive Office Building, Room 10102, 735 17th Street NW., Washington, DC 20503...

50 CFR 679.90 - Allocation, use, and transfer of Amendment 80 QS permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., NMFS, P.O. Box 21668, Juneau, AK 99802-1668; (ii) Fax: 907-586-7354; or (iii) Hand delivery or carrier: NMFS, Room 713, 709 West 9th Street, Juneau, AK 99801. (2) Application forms. Application forms are...

50 CFR 679.90 - Allocation, use, and transfer of Amendment 80 QS permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., NMFS, P.O. Box 21668, Juneau, AK 99802-1668; (ii) Fax: 907-586-7354; or (iii) Hand delivery or carrier: NMFS, Room 713, 709 West 9th Street, Juneau, AK 99801. (2) Application forms. Application forms are...

Planning for patient privacy and hospitability: a must do in oncology care.

PubMed

Easter, James G

2003-01-01

The number one design challenge in the healthcare environment is the patient room. This space is one of the primary functional areas impacting hospital design and, quite often, the place of greatest controversy. This controversy is due to the length of time the patient spends in the room (compared to other areas), the amount of overall space required and the time dedicated to patient room utilization, maintenance, general arrangement and overall efficiency. In addition, there is a growing list of room types to be considered, many are of the ambulatory care, short stay and observation category. Other room types beyond the routine medical/surgical room include Intensive Care, Coronary Care, Surgical Intensive Care, Skilled Nursing, Rehabilitation and Oncology Care as well as more intensive Bone Marrow Transplantation, for example. Major features of the traditional acute care patient room require the space to be flexible, convertible, expandable and, most importantly, hospitable. For many, many years the patient room was considered a shared space with multiple beds and multiple users. The term semi-private has been used to describe the traditional two-bed and, sometimes 4-bed patient room. This article will address the programmatic elements of an inpatient area, the room and its functional components along with some examples for comparative purposes. For the oncology patient, the development of a family-focused, private room is mandatory. The private room is more flexible, less expensive to operate, safer and environmentally more appealing for the patient, family and staff.

Electrode Reactions in Slowly Relaxing Media

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Matyushov, Dmitry V.; Newton, Marshall D.

Here, standard models of reaction kinetics in condensed materials rely on the Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution for the population of reactants at the top of the free energy barrier separating them from the products. While energy dissipation and quantum effects at the barrier top can potentially affect the transmission coefficient entering the rate preexponential factor, much stronger dynamical effects on the reaction barrier are caused by the breakdown of ergodicity for populating the reaction barrier (violation of the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics). When the spectrum of medium modes coupled to the reaction coordinate includes fluctuations slower than the reaction rate, such nuclear motions dynamicallymore » freeze on the reaction time-scale and do not contribute to the activation barrier. In this paper, we consider the consequences of this scenario for electrode reactions in slowly relaxing media. Changing electrode overpotential speeds electrode electron transfer up, potentially cutting through the spectrum of nuclear modes coupled to the reaction coordinate. The reorganization energy of electrochemical electron transfer becomes a function of the electrode overpotential, switching between the thermodynamic value at low rates to the nonergodic limit at higher rates. The sharpness of this transition depends of the relaxation spectrum of the medium. The reorganization energy experiences a sudden drop with increasing overpotential for a medium with a Debye relaxation, but becomes a much shallower function of the overpotential for media with stretched exponential dynamics. The latter scenario characterizes electron transfer in ionic liquids. The analysis of electrode reactions in room-temperature ionic liquids shows that the magnitude of the free energy of nuclear solvation is significantly below its thermodynamic limit. Finally, this result applies to reaction times faster than microseconds and is currently limited by the available dielectric relaxation data.« less

Electrode Reactions in Slowly Relaxing Media

DOE PAGES

Matyushov, Dmitry V.; Newton, Marshall D.

2017-11-17

Here, standard models of reaction kinetics in condensed materials rely on the Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution for the population of reactants at the top of the free energy barrier separating them from the products. While energy dissipation and quantum effects at the barrier top can potentially affect the transmission coefficient entering the rate preexponential factor, much stronger dynamical effects on the reaction barrier are caused by the breakdown of ergodicity for populating the reaction barrier (violation of the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics). When the spectrum of medium modes coupled to the reaction coordinate includes fluctuations slower than the reaction rate, such nuclear motions dynamicallymore » freeze on the reaction time-scale and do not contribute to the activation barrier. In this paper, we consider the consequences of this scenario for electrode reactions in slowly relaxing media. Changing electrode overpotential speeds electrode electron transfer up, potentially cutting through the spectrum of nuclear modes coupled to the reaction coordinate. The reorganization energy of electrochemical electron transfer becomes a function of the electrode overpotential, switching between the thermodynamic value at low rates to the nonergodic limit at higher rates. The sharpness of this transition depends of the relaxation spectrum of the medium. The reorganization energy experiences a sudden drop with increasing overpotential for a medium with a Debye relaxation, but becomes a much shallower function of the overpotential for media with stretched exponential dynamics. The latter scenario characterizes electron transfer in ionic liquids. The analysis of electrode reactions in room-temperature ionic liquids shows that the magnitude of the free energy of nuclear solvation is significantly below its thermodynamic limit. Finally, this result applies to reaction times faster than microseconds and is currently limited by the available dielectric relaxation data.« less

Methods of making membrane electrode assemblies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kim, Yu Seung; Lee, Kwan -Soo; Rockward, Tommy Q. T.

Method of making a membrane electrode assembly comprising: providing a membrane comprising a perfluorinated sulfonic acid; providing a first transfer substrate; applying to a surface of the first transfer substrate a first ink, said first ink comprising an ionomer and a catalyst; applying to the first ink a suitable non-aqueous swelling agent; forming an assembly comprising: the membrane; and the first transfer substrate, wherein the surface of the first transfer substrate comprising the first ink and the non-aqueous swelling agent is disposed upon one surface of the membrane; and heating the assembly at a temperature of 150.degree. C. or lessmore » and at a pressure of from about 250 kPa to about 3000 kPa or less for a time suitable to allow substantially complete transfer of the first ink and the second ink to the membrane; and cooling the assembly to room temperature and removing the first transfer substrate and the second transfer substrate.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ragan, Eric D; Bowman, Doug A; Scerbo, Siroberto

Virtual reality (VR) systems have been proposed for use in numerous training scenarios, such as room clearing, which require the trainee to maintain spatial awareness. But many VR training systems lack a fully surrounding display, requiring trainees to use a combination of physical and virtual turns to view the environment, thus decreasing spatial awareness. One solution to this problem is to amplify head rotations, such that smaller physical turns are mapped to larger virtual turns, allowing trainees to view the surrounding environment with head movements alone. For example, in a multi-monitor system covering only a 90-degree field of regard, headmore » rotations could be amplified four times to allow the user to see the entire 360-degree surrounding environment. This solution is attractive because it can be used with lower-cost VR systems and does not require virtual turning. However, the effects of amplified head rotations on spatial awareness and training transfer are not well understood. We hypothesized that small amounts of amplification might be tolerable, but that larger amplifications might cause trainees to become disoriented and to have decreased task performance and training transfer. In this paper, we will present our findings from an experiment designed to investigate these hypotheses. The experiment placed users in a virtual warehouse and asked them to move from room to room, counting objects placed around them in space. We varied the amount of amplification applied during these trials, and also varied the type of display used (head-mounted display or CAVE). We measured task performance and spatial awareness. We then assessed training transfer in an assessment environment with a fully surrounding display and no amplification. The results of this study will inform VR training system developers about the potential negative effects of using head rotation amplification and contribute to more effective VR training system design.« less

Electron-Transfer Ion/Ion Reactions of Doubly Protonated Peptides: Effect of Elevated Bath Gas Temperature

PubMed Central

Pitteri, Sharon J.; Chrisman, Paul A.; McLuckey, Scott A.

2005-01-01

In this study, the electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) behavior of cations derived from 27 different peptides (22 of which are tryptic peptides) has been studied in a 3D quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. Ion/ion reactions between peptide cations and nitrobenzene anions have been examined at both room temperature and in an elevated temperature bath gas environment to form ETD product ions. From the peptides studied, the ETD sequence coverage tends to be inversely related to peptide size. At room temperature, very high sequence coverage (~100%) was observed for small peptides (≤7 amino acids). For medium-sized peptides composed of 8–11 amino acids, the average sequence coverage was 46%. Larger peptides with 14 or more amino acids yielded an average sequence coverage of 23%. Elevated-temperature ETD provided increased sequence coverage over room-temperature experiments for the peptides of greater than 7 residues, giving an average of 67% for medium-sized peptides and 63% for larger peptides. Percent ETD, a measure of the extent of electron transfer, has also been calculated for the peptides and also shows an inverse relation with peptide size. Bath gas temperature does not have a consistent effect on percent ETD, however. For the tryptic peptides, fragmentation is localized at the ends of the peptides suggesting that the distribution of charge within the peptide may play an important role in determining fragmentation sites. A triply protonated peptide has also been studied and shows behavior similar to the doubly charged peptides. These preliminary results suggest that for a given charge state there is a maximum size for which high sequence coverage is obtained and that increasing the bath gas temperature can increase this maximum. PMID:16131079

Chemistry, photophysics, and ultrafast kinetics of two structurally related Schiff bases containing the naphthalene or quinoline ring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fita, P.; Luzina, E.; Dziembowska, T.; Radzewicz, Cz.; Grabowska, A.

2006-11-01

The two structurally related Schiff bases, 2-hydroxynaphthylidene-(8-aminoquinoline) (HNAQ) and 2-hydroxynaphthylidene-1'-naphthylamine (HNAN), were studied by means of steady-state and time resolved optical spectroscopies as well as time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations. The first one, HNAQ, is stable as a keto tautomer in the ground state and in the excited state in solutions, therefore it was used as a model of a keto tautomer of HNAN which exists mainly in its enol form in the ground state at room temperature. Excited state intramolecular proton transfer in the HNAN molecule leads to a very weak (quantum yield of the order of 10-4) strongly Stokes-shifted fluorescence. The characteristic time of the proton transfer (about 30fs) was estimated from femtosecond transient absorption data supported by global analysis and deconvolution techniques. Approximately 35% of excited molecules create a photochromic form whose lifetime was beyond the time window of the experiment (2ns). The remaining ones reach the relaxed S1 state (of a lifetime of approximately 4ps), whose emission is present in the decay associated difference spectra. Some evidence for the back proton transfer from the ground state of the keto form with the characteristic time of approximately 13ps was also found. The energies and orbital characteristics of main electronic transitions in both molecules calculated by TDDFT method are also discussed.

Two-dimensional CsPbBr3/PCBM heterojunctions for sensitive, fast and flexible photodetectors boosted by charge transfer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shen, Yalong; Yu, Dejian; Wang, Xiong; Huo, Chengxue; Wu, Ye; Zhu, Zhengfeng; Zeng, Haibo

2018-02-01

Inorganic halide perovskites exhibited promising potentials for high-performance wide-band photodetectors (PDs) due to their high light absorption coefficients, long carrier diffusion length and wide light absorption ranges. Here, we report two-dimensional (2D) CsPbBr3/PCBM heterojunctions for sensitive, fast and flexible PDs, whose performances can be greatly boosted by the charge transfer through the energy-aligned interface. The 2D CsPbBr3 nanosheets with high crystallinity were fabricated via a simple solution-process at room temperature, and then assembled into flexible heterojunctions films with polymerphenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Significantly, the efficient and fast charge transfer at the heterojunctions interface was evidenced by the obvious photoluminescence quenching and variation of recombination dynamics. Subsequently, such heterojunctions PD exhibited an enhanced responsivity of 10.85 A W-1 and an ultrahigh detectivity of 3.06 × 1013 Jones. In addition, the PD shows a broad linear dynamic range of 73 dB, a fast response speed with rise time of 44 μs and decay time of 390 μs, respectively. Moreover, the PD lying on polyethylene terephthalate substrates exhibited an outstanding mechanical flexibility and a robust electrical stability. These results could provide a new avenue for integration of 2D perovskites and organic functional materials and for high-performance flexible PDs.

X-ray excitation fluorescence spectra of the Eu2+-stabilized VK center in alkaline-earth fluoride mixed-crystal systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kawano, K.; Ohya, T.; Tsurumi, T.; Katoh, K.; Nakata, R.

1999-11-01

X-ray excitation fluorescence spectra were investigated for MF2:Eu (M=Ca, Sr, and Ba) and their mixed-crystal systems, Ca1-xSrxF2 and Sr1-xBaxF2 with the same fluorite structure. The UV recombination fluorescence band of the VK center associated with blue emission due to the f-d transition of Eu2+ ions was observed with changing mixture ratios x at room temperature. Two sets of weak spectra due to f-f transitions of Eu3+ ions also appeared in the 500-600-nm wavelength region. The peak wavelengths and the integrated intensities of the observed fluorescence were investigated as a function of the Eu concentration as well as the mixture ratio. For the blue emission of Eu2+, pulsed x-ray excitation resulted in shorter lifetimes (500-800 ns) than optical excitation, suggesting energy transfers between the excited states of VK centers and Eu2+. A kinematical fluorescence mechanism was proposed, taking into account the formation of a close pair of a hopping VK center and an immobile Eu2+ ion followed by an energy transfer from the former to the latter. Based on the calculated fluorescence decay curves best fitted to the response curves by x-ray pulse excitation, the energy transfer rates from VK centers to Eu2+ were estimated.

Numerical Modelling of Airflow and Temperature Distribution in a Living Room with Different Heat Exchange Conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gendelis, S.; Jakovičs, A.

2010-01-01

Numerical mathematical modelling of the indoor thermal conditions and of the energy losses for separate rooms is an important part of the analysis of the heat-exchange balance and energy efficiency in buildings. The measurements of heat transfer coefficients for bounding structures, the air-tightness tests and thermographic diagnostics done for a building allow the influence of those factors to be predicted more correctly in developed numerical models. The temperature distribution and airflows in a typical room (along with the heat losses) were calculated for different heater locations and solar radiation (modelled as a heat source) through the window, as well as various pressure differences between the openings in opposite walls. The airflow velocities and indoor temperature, including its gradient, were also analysed as parameters of thermal comfort conditions. The results obtained show that all of the listed factors have an important influence on the formation of thermal comfort conditions and on the heat balance in a room.

78 FR 46603 - Final Agency Action To Transfer Title From the United States to the Pechanga Band of Luiseño...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-01

... State Office, Bureau of Land Management, 2800 Cottage Way, Sacramento, CA 95825, upon required payment..., California State Office, 2800 Cottage Way, Room W-1623, Sacramento, CA 95825, 916-978-4310. SUPPLEMENTARY...

Effect of barrier height on friction behavior of the semiconductors silicon and gallium arsenide in contact with pure metals

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mishina, H.; Buckley, D. H.

1984-01-01

Friction experiments were conducted for the semiconductors silicon and gallium arsenide in contact with pure metals. Polycrystalline titanium, tantalum, nickel, palladium, and platinum were made to contact a single crystal silicon (111) surface. Indium, nickel, copper, and silver were made to contact a single crystal gallium arsenide (100) surface. Sliding was conducted both in room air and in a vacuum of 10 to the minus 9th power torr. The friction of semiconductors in contact with metals depended on a Schottky barrier height formed at the metal semiconductor interface. Metals with a higher barrier height on semiconductors gave lower friction. The effect of the barrier height on friction behavior for argon sputtered cleaned surfaces in vacuum was more specific than that for the surfaces containing films in room air. With a silicon surface sliding on titanium, many silicon particles back transferred. In contrast, a large quantity of indium transferred to the gallium arsenide surface.

Preconcentration of aqueous dyes through phase-transfer liquid-phase microextraction with a room-temperature ionic liquid.

PubMed

Chen, Hsiu-Liang; Chang, Shuo-Kai; Lee, Chia-Ying; Chuang, Li-Lin; Wei, Guor-Tzo

2012-09-12

In this study, we employed the room-temperature ionic liquid [bmim][PF(6)] as both ion-pair agent and an extractant in the phase-transfer liquid-phase microextraction (PTLPME) of aqueous dyes. In the PTLPME method, a dye solution was added to the extraction solution, comprising a small amount of [bmim][PF(6)] in a relatively large amount of CH(2)Cl(2), which serves as the disperser solvent to an extraction solution. Following extraction, CH(2)Cl(2) was evaporated from the extractant, resulting in the extracted dyes being concentrated in a small volume of the ionic liquid phase to increase the enrichment factor. The enrichment factors of for the dye Methylene Blue, Neutral Red, and Methyl Red were approximately 500, 550 and 400, respectively; their detection limits were 0.014, 0.43, and 0.02 μg L(-1), respectively, with relative standard deviations of 4.72%, 4.20%, and 6.10%, respectively. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

[Contribution of the Duke's classification in the emergency department in the early management of infective endocarditis].

PubMed

Hautain, C; Delleuze, P; Godefroid, C; Vranckx, M

2015-01-01

The diagnosis of infective endocarditis is based on multiple clinical signs than on a single positive test result. The contribution of echocardiography is an indispensable asset to avoid misdiagnosis or delayed correct diagnosis. A 24-year old woman is admitted to the emergency room. She has a poor general condition, pyrexia and necrotic lesions on the body. After examination, the diagnosis of multiple organ failure and severe sepsis from infective endocarditis from intravenous injections of cocaine is made and the patient is transferred to ICU. She is treated with vancomycin for 4 weeks and gentamicin for 8 days. Her clinical improvement allows her to be transferred to a hospital unit at day 6. She goes home after 28 days of hospitalization. Several sets of criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis are described. The most commonly accepted are revised Duke's criteria that take into account echocardiography. This article aims, through a clinical case, to describe this classification too little used in the emergency room.

Contributions Regarding the Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mitrica, Bogdan; Petre, Marian; Dima, Mihai Octavian

2010-01-21

The possibility to use a nuclear reactor for airplanes propulsion was investigated taking in to account 2 possible solutions: the direct cycle (where the fluid pass through the reactor's core) and the indirect cycle (where the fluid is passing through a heat exchanger). Taking in to account the radioprotection problems, the only realistic solution seems to be the indirect cycle, where the energy transfer should be performed by a heat exchanger that must work at very high speed of the fluid. The heat exchanger will replace the classical burning room. We had performed a more precise theoretical study for themore » nuclear jet engine regarding the performances of the nuclear reactor, of the heat exchanger and of the jet engine. It was taken in to account that in the moment when the burning room is replaced by a heat exchanger, a new model for gasodynamic process from the engine must be performed. Studies regarding the high flow speed heat transfer were performed.« less

Tunable and high-purity room temperature single-photon emission from atomic defects in hexagonal boron nitride

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Grosso, Gabriele; Moon, Hyowon; Lienhard, Benjamin

Two-dimensional van der Waals materials have emerged as promising platforms for solid-state quantum information processing devices with unusual potential for heterogeneous assembly. Recently, bright and photostable single photon emitters were reported from atomic defects in layered hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), but controlling inhomogeneous spectral distribution and reducing multi-photon emission presented open challenges. Here, we demonstrate that strain control allows spectral tunability of hBN single photon emitters over 6 meV, and material processing sharply improves the single photon purity. We observe high single photon count rates exceeding 7 × 10 6 counts per second at saturation, after correcting for uncorrelated photonmore » background. Furthermore, these emitters are stable to material transfer to other substrates. High-purity and photostable single photon emission at room temperature, together with spectral tunability and transferability, opens the door to scalable integration of high-quality quantum emitters in photonic quantum technologies.« less

Tunable and high-purity room temperature single-photon emission from atomic defects in hexagonal boron nitride

DOE PAGES

Grosso, Gabriele; Moon, Hyowon; Lienhard, Benjamin; ...

2017-09-26

Two-dimensional van der Waals materials have emerged as promising platforms for solid-state quantum information processing devices with unusual potential for heterogeneous assembly. Recently, bright and photostable single photon emitters were reported from atomic defects in layered hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), but controlling inhomogeneous spectral distribution and reducing multi-photon emission presented open challenges. Here, we demonstrate that strain control allows spectral tunability of hBN single photon emitters over 6 meV, and material processing sharply improves the single photon purity. We observe high single photon count rates exceeding 7 × 10 6 counts per second at saturation, after correcting for uncorrelated photonmore » background. Furthermore, these emitters are stable to material transfer to other substrates. High-purity and photostable single photon emission at room temperature, together with spectral tunability and transferability, opens the door to scalable integration of high-quality quantum emitters in photonic quantum technologies.« less

Room temperature deintercalation of alkali metal atoms from epitaxial graphene by formation of charge-transfer complexes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shin, H.-C.; Ahn, S. J.; Kim, H. W.; Moon, Y.; Rai, K. B.; Woo, S. H.; Ahn, J. R.

2016-08-01

Atom (or molecule) intercalations and deintercalations have been used to control the electronic properties of graphene. In general, finite energies above room temperature (RT) thermal energy are required for the intercalations and deintercalations. Here, we demonstrate that alkali metal atoms can be deintercalated from epitaxial graphene on a SiC substrate at RT, resulting in the reduction in density of states at the Fermi level. The change in density of states at the Fermi level at RT can be applied to a highly sensitive graphene sensor operating at RT. Na atoms, which were intercalated at a temperature of 80 °C, were deintercalated at a high temperature above 1000 °C when only a thermal treatment was used. In contrast to the thermal treatment, the intercalated Na atoms were deintercalated at RT when tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ) molecules were adsorbed on the surface. The RT deintercalation occurred via the formation of charge-transfer complexes between Na atoms and F4-TCNQ molecules.

STS-89 Mission Specialist Andrew Thomas in White Room

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

STS-89 Mission Specialist Andrew Thomas, Ph.D., is assisted with his ascent and re-entry flight suit in the white room at Launch Pad 39A before entering Space Shuttle Endeavour for launch. The STS-89 mission will be the eighth docking of the Space Shuttle with the Russian Space Station Mir. After docking, Thomas will transfer to the space station, succeeding David Wolf, M.D., who will return to Earth aboard Endeavour. Dr. Thomas will live and work on Mir until June. STS-89 is scheduled for a Jan. 22 liftoff at 9:48 p.m.

KSC-07pd3243

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-11-06

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- With umbilical lines still attached, the payload canister containing the Columbus Laboratory module and integrated cargo carrier-lite is lifted up toward the payload changeout room on Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. Once in place, the canister will be opened and the module transferred inside the payload changeout room. The payload will be installed in space shuttle Atlantis' payload bay. The canister contains the Columbus Lab module and integrated cargo carrier-lite payloads for space shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-122. Atlantis is targeted to launch on Dec. 6. Photo credit: NASA/Dimitri Gerondidakis

Hybrid super electron donors - preparation and reactivity.

PubMed

Garnier, Jean; Thomson, Douglas W; Zhou, Shengze; Jolly, Phillip I; Berlouis, Leonard E A; Murphy, John A

2012-01-01

Neutral organic electron donors, featuring pyridinylidene-imidazolylidene, pyridinylidene-benzimidazolylidene and imidazolylidene-benzimidazolylidene linkages are reported. The pyridinylidene-benzimidazolylidene and imidazolylidene-benzimidazolylidene hybrid systems were designed to be the first super electron donors to convert iodoarenes to aryl radicals at room temperature, and indeed both show evidence for significant aryl radical formation at room temperature. The stronger pyridinylidene-imidazolylidene donor converts iodoarenes to aryl anions efficiently under appropriate conditions (3 equiv of donor). The presence of excess sodium hydride base has a very important and selective effect on some of these electron-transfer reactions, and a rationale for this is proposed.

High pressure-assisted transfer of ultraclean chemical vapor deposited graphene

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Zhiying; Ge, Xiaoming; Zhang, Haoran; Zhang, Yanhui; Sui, Yanping; Yu, Guanghui; Jin, Zhi; Liu, Xinyu

2016-03-01

We develop a high pressure-assisted (approximately 1000 kPa) transfer method to remove polymer residues and effectively reduce damages on the surface of graphene. By introducing an ethanol pre-dehydration technique and optimizing temperature, the graphene surface becomes nearly free of residues, and the quality of graphene is improved obviously when temperature reaches 140 °C. The graphene obtained using the high pressure-assisted transfer method also exhibits excellent electrical properties with an average sheet resistance of approximately 290 Ω/sq and a mobility of 1210 cm2/V.s at room temperature. Sheet resistance and mobility are considerably improved compared with those of the graphene obtained using the normal wet transfer method (average sheet resistance of approximately 510 ohm/sq and mobility of 750 cm2/V.s).

Augmentation of Stagnation Region Heat Transfer Due to Turbulence From a DLN Can Combustor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

VanFossen, G. James; Bunker, Ronald S.

2000-01-01

Heat transfer measurements have been made in the stagnation region of a flat plate with a circular leading edge. Electrically heated aluminum strips placed symmetrically about the leading edge stagnation region were used to measure spanwise averaged heat transfer coefficients. The maximum Reynolds number obtained, based on leading edge diameter, was about 100,000. The model was immersed in the flow field downstream of an approximately half scale model of a can-type combustor from a low NO(x), ground based power-generating turbine. The tests were conducted with room temperature air; no fuel was added. Room air flowed into the combustor through six vane type fuel/air swirlers. The combustor can contained no dilution holes. The fuel/air swirlers all swirled the incoming airflow in a counter clockwise direction (facing downstream). A 5-hole probe flow field survey in the plane of the model stagnation point showed the flow was one big vortex with flow angles up to 36' at the outer edges of the rectangular test section. Hot wire measurements showed test section flow had very high levels of turbulence, around 28.5 percent, and had a relatively large axial-length scale-to-leading edge diameter ratio of 0.5. X-wire measurements showed the turbulence to be nearly isotropic. Stagnation heat transfer augmentation over laminar levels was around 77 percent and was about 14 percent higher than predicted by a previously developed correlation for isotropic grid generated turbulence.

86. VIEW OF AUTOPILOT ROOM LOOKING WEST FROM CENTER OF ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

86. VIEW OF AUTOPILOT ROOM LOOKING WEST FROM CENTER OF ROOM. IBM PERSONAL COMPUTER FOR SLC-3W AUTOPILOT FUNCTIONS IN SOUTHWEST CORNER (LEFT). - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Operations Building, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

Room temperature organic magnets derived from sp3 functionalized graphene.

PubMed

Tuček, Jiří; Holá, Kateřina; Bourlinos, Athanasios B; Błoński, Piotr; Bakandritsos, Aristides; Ugolotti, Juri; Dubecký, Matúš; Karlický, František; Ranc, Václav; Čépe, Klára; Otyepka, Michal; Zbořil, Radek

2017-02-20

Materials based on metallic elements that have d orbitals and exhibit room temperature magnetism have been known for centuries and applied in a huge range of technologies. Development of room temperature carbon magnets containing exclusively sp orbitals is viewed as great challenge in chemistry, physics, spintronics and materials science. Here we describe a series of room temperature organic magnets prepared by a simple and controllable route based on the substitution of fluorine atoms in fluorographene with hydroxyl groups. Depending on the chemical composition (an F/OH ratio) and sp 3 coverage, these new graphene derivatives show room temperature antiferromagnetic ordering, which has never been observed for any sp-based materials. Such 2D magnets undergo a transition to a ferromagnetic state at low temperatures, showing an extraordinarily high magnetic moment. The developed theoretical model addresses the origin of the room temperature magnetism in terms of sp 2 -conjugated diradical motifs embedded in an sp 3 matrix and superexchange interactions via -OH functionalization.

Room temperature organic magnets derived from sp3 functionalized graphene

PubMed Central

Tuček, Jiří; Holá, Kateřina; Bourlinos, Athanasios B.; Błoński, Piotr; Bakandritsos, Aristides; Ugolotti, Juri; Dubecký, Matúš; Karlický, František; Ranc, Václav; Čépe, Klára; Otyepka, Michal; Zbořil, Radek

2017-01-01

Materials based on metallic elements that have d orbitals and exhibit room temperature magnetism have been known for centuries and applied in a huge range of technologies. Development of room temperature carbon magnets containing exclusively sp orbitals is viewed as great challenge in chemistry, physics, spintronics and materials science. Here we describe a series of room temperature organic magnets prepared by a simple and controllable route based on the substitution of fluorine atoms in fluorographene with hydroxyl groups. Depending on the chemical composition (an F/OH ratio) and sp3 coverage, these new graphene derivatives show room temperature antiferromagnetic ordering, which has never been observed for any sp-based materials. Such 2D magnets undergo a transition to a ferromagnetic state at low temperatures, showing an extraordinarily high magnetic moment. The developed theoretical model addresses the origin of the room temperature magnetism in terms of sp2-conjugated diradical motifs embedded in an sp3 matrix and superexchange interactions via –OH functionalization. PMID:28216636

How to find the way out from four rooms? The learning of "chaining" associations may shed light on the neuropsychology of the deficit syndrome of schizophrenia.

PubMed

Polgár, Patricia; Farkas, Márta; Nagy, Orsolya; Kelemen, Oguz; Réthelyi, János; Bitter, István; Myers, Catherine E; Gluck, Mark A; Kéri, Szabolcs

2008-02-01

Recent meta-analytic evidence suggests that clinical neuropsychological methods are not likely to uncover circumscribed cognitive impairments in the deficit syndrome of schizophrenia. To overcome this issue, we adapted a cognitive neuroscience perspective and used a new "chaining" habit learning task. Participants were requested to navigate a cartoon character through a sequence of 4 rooms by learning to choose the open door from 3 colored doors in each room. The aim of the game was to learn the full sequence of rooms until the character reached the outside. In the training phase, each stimulus leading to reward (open door in each room) was trained via feedback until the complete sequence was learned. In the probe phase, the context of rewarded stimuli was manipulated: in a given room, in addition to the correct door of that room, there also appeared a door which was open in another room. Whereas the training phase is dominantly related to basal ganglia circuits, the context-dependent probe phase requires intact medial-temporal lobe functioning. Results revealed that deficit and non-deficit patients were similarly impaired on the probe phase compared with controls. However, the training phase was only compromised in deficit patients. More severe negative symptoms were associated with more errors on the training phase. Executive functions were unrelated to performance on the "chaining" task. These results indicate that the deficit syndrome is associated with prominently impaired stimulus-response reinforcement learning, which may indicate abnormal functioning of basal ganglia circuits.

Elements of a Sound Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brooks, Christopher

2003-01-01

Discusses what do to about the poor acoustics in school multipurpose rooms, asserting that because the auditorium is the most critical function of a typical multipurpose room, the stage house is superficial and noise control is essential. Features to enhance auditorium function include a performance platform and reverberation control. The article…

Tuning the heat transfer medium and operating conditions in magnetic refrigeration

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ghahremani, Mohammadreza, E-mail: mghahrem@shepherd.edu; Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052; Aslani, Amir

A new experimental test bed has been designed, built, and tested to evaluate the effect of the system’s parameters on a reciprocating Active Magnetic Regenerator (AMR) near room temperature. Bulk gadolinium was used as the refrigerant, silicon oil as the heat transfer medium, and a magnetic field of 1.3 T was cycled. This study focuses on the methodology of single stage AMR operation conditions to get a high temperature span near room temperature. Herein, the main objective is not to report the absolute maximum attainable temperature span seen in an AMR system, but rather to find the system’s optimal operatingmore » conditions to reach that maximum span. The results of this research show that there is a optimal operating frequency, heat transfer fluid flow rate, flow duration, and displaced volume ratio in any AMR system. By optimizing these parameters in our AMR apparatus the temperature span between the hot and cold ends increased by 24%. The optimized values are system dependent and need to be determined and measured for any AMR system by following the procedures that are introduced in this research. It is expected that such optimization will permit the design of a more efficient magnetic refrigeration system.« less

Software Support during a Control Room Upgrade

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Michele Joyce; Michael Spata; Thomas Oren

2005-09-21

In 2004, after 14 years of accelerator operations and commissioning, Jefferson Lab renovated its main control room. Changes in technology and lessons learned during those 14 years drove the control room redesign in a new direction, one that optimizes workflow and makes critical information and controls available to everyone in the control room. Fundamental changes in a variety of software applications were required to facilitate the new operating paradigm. A critical component of the new control room design is a large-format video wall that is used to make a variety of operating information available to everyone in the room. Analogmore » devices such as oscilloscopes and function generators are now displayed on the video wall through two crosspoint switchers: one for analog signals and another for video signals. A new software GUI replaces manual configuration of the oscilloscopes and function generators and helps automate setup. Monitoring screens, customized for the video wall, now make important operating information visible to everyone, not just a single operator. New alarm handler software gives any operator, on any workstation, access to all alarm handler functionality, and multiple users can now contribute to a single electronic logbook entry. To further support the shift to distributed access and control, many applications have been redesigned to run on servers instead of on individual workstations.« less

26 CFR 1.170-1 - Charitable, etc., contributions and gifts; allowance of deduction (before amendment by Tax Reform...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... reading room of the donee organization's library. (i) The total amount claimed as a deduction for the... name of the donee, the gift is completed on the date the stock is transferred on the books of the...

Integration of Indium Phosphide Based Devices with Flexible Substrates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Wayne Huai

2011-12-01

Flexible substrates have many advantages in applications where bendability, space, or weight play important roles or where rigid circuits are undesirable. However, conventional flexible thin film transistors are typically characterized as having low carrier mobility as compared to devices used in the electronics industry. This is in part due to the limited temperature tolerance of plastic flexible substrates, which commonly reduces the highest processing temperature to below 200°C. Common approaches of implementation include low temperature deposition of organic, amorphous, or polycrystalline semiconductors, all of which result in carrier mobility well below 100 cm2V -1s-1. High quality, single crystalline III-V semiconductors such as indium phosphide (InP), on the other hand, have carrier mobility well over 1000 cm 2V-1s-1 at room temperature, depending on carrier concentration. Recently, the ion-cut process has been used in conjunction with wafer bonding to integrate thin layers of III-V material onto silicon for optoelectronic applications. This approach has the advantage of high scalability, reusability of the initial III-V substrate, and the ability to tailor the location (depth) of the layer splitting. However, the transferred substrate usually suffers from hydrogen implantation damage. This dissertation demonstrates a new approach to enable integration of InP with various substrates, called the double-flip transfer process. The process combines ion-cutting with adhesive bonding. The problem of hydrogen implantation was overcome by patterned ion-cut transfer. In this type of transfer, areas of interest are shielded from implantation but still transferred by surrounding implanted regions. We found that patterned ion-cut transfer is strongly dependent upon crystal orientation and that using cleavage-plane oriented donors can be beneficial in transferring large areas of high quality semiconductor material. InP-based devices were fabricated to demonstrate the transfer process and test functionality following transfer. Passive devices (photodetectors) as well as active transistors were transferred and fabricated on various substrates. The transferred device layers were either implanted through with a blanket implant or protected with an ion-mask during implantation. Results demonstrate the viability of the double-flip ion-cut process in achieving very high electron mobility (˜2800 cm2V-1s-1) transistors on plastic flexible substrates.

Artificial synapse network on inorganic proton conductor for neuromorphic systems.

PubMed

Zhu, Li Qiang; Wan, Chang Jin; Guo, Li Qiang; Shi, Yi; Wan, Qing

2014-01-01

The basic units in our brain are neurons, and each neuron has more than 1,000 synapse connections. Synapse is the basic structure for information transfer in an ever-changing manner, and short-term plasticity allows synapses to perform critical computational functions in neural circuits. Therefore, the major challenge for the hardware implementation of neuromorphic computation is to develop artificial synapse network. Here in-plane lateral-coupled oxide-based artificial synapse network coupled by proton neurotransmitters are self-assembled on glass substrates at room-temperature. A strong lateral modulation is observed due to the proton-related electrical-double-layer effect. Short-term plasticity behaviours, including paired-pulse facilitation, dynamic filtering and spatiotemporally correlated signal processing are mimicked. Such laterally coupled oxide-based protonic/electronic hybrid artificial synapse network proposed here is interesting for building future neuromorphic systems.

Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Aldehydes under Mild, Base-Free Conditions: Manganese Outperforms Rhenium

PubMed Central

2018-01-01

Several hydride Mn(I) and Re(I) PNP pincer complexes were applied as catalysts for the homogeneous chemoselective hydrogenation of aldehydes. Among these, [Mn(PNP-iPr)(CO)2(H)] was found to be one of the most efficient base metal catalysts for this process and represents a rare example which permits the selective hydrogenation of aldehydes in the presence of ketones and other reducible functionalities, such as C=C double bonds, esters, or nitriles. The reaction proceeds at room temperature under base-free conditions with catalyst loadings between 0.1 and 0.05 mol% and a hydrogen pressure of 50 bar (reaching TONs of up to 2000). A mechanism which involves an outer-sphere hydride transfer and reversible PNP ligand deprotonation/protonation is proposed. Analogous isoelectronic and isostructural Re(I) complexes were only poorly active. PMID:29755828

Shape-Independent Limits to Near-Field Radiative Heat Transfer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miller, Owen D.; Johnson, Steven G.; Rodriguez, Alejandro W.

2015-11-01

We derive shape-independent limits to the spectral radiative heat transfer rate between two closely spaced bodies, generalizing the concept of a blackbody to the case of near-field energy transfer. Through conservation of energy and reciprocity, we show that each body of susceptibility χ can emit and absorb radiation at enhanced rates bounded by |χ |2/Im χ , optimally mediated by near-field photon transfer proportional to 1 /d2 across a separation distance d . Dipole-dipole and dipole-plate structures approach restricted versions of the limit, but common large-area structures do not exhibit the material enhancement factor and thus fall short of the general limit. By contrast, we find that particle arrays interacting in an idealized Born approximation (i.e., neglecting multiple scattering) exhibit both enhancement factors, suggesting the possibility of orders-of-magnitude improvement beyond previous designs and the potential for radiative heat transfer to be comparable to conductive heat transfer through air at room temperature, and significantly greater at higher temperatures.

Transfer of lead from shot pellets to game meat during cooking.

PubMed

Mateo, R; Rodríguez-de la Cruz, M; Vidal, D; Reglero, M; Camarero, P

2007-01-01

We evaluated the transfer of Pb from shot to meat during the preparation of breasts of quails with 0, 1, 2 or 4 embedded Pb shot. A traditional Spanish recipe was used which utilizes vinegar during cooking to enhance the long-term preservation of the meat. The effect of the acidic conditions generated by the vinegar on Pb transfer was compared with the same recipe when the vinegar was substituted with water. The effect of up to 4 weeks of storage on Pb transfer has been also evaluated. The transfer of Pb from the embedded shot to the meat was much higher when cooking with vinegar than with water. However, the Pb transfer under acidic conditions did not increase significantly during long-term storage at room temperature. The consumption of only half a pickled quail per week with embedded shot may cause the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of Pb by the Spanish consumer to be exceeded.

Aqueous proton transfer across single-layer graphene

DOE PAGES

Achtyl, Jennifer L.; Unocic, Raymond R.; Xu, Lijun; ...

2015-03-17

Proton transfer across single-layer graphene proceeds with large computed energy barriers and is thought to be unfavourable at room temperature unless nanoscale holes or dopants are introduced, or a potential bias is applied. Here we subject single-layer graphene supported on fused ​silica to cycles of high and low pH, and show that protons transfer reversibly from the aqueous phase through the graphene to the other side where they undergo acid–base chemistry with the silica hydroxyl groups. After ruling out diffusion through macroscopic pinholes, the protons are found to transfer through rare, naturally occurring atomic defects. Computer simulations reveal low energymore » barriers of 0.61–0.75 eV for aqueous proton transfer across hydroxyl-terminated atomic defects that participate in a Grotthuss-type relay, while ​pyrylium-like ether terminations shut down proton exchange. In conclusion, unfavourable energy barriers to helium and ​hydrogen transfer indicate the process is selective for aqueous protons.« less

Enhanced strength and temperature dependence of mechanical properties of Li at small scales and its implications for Li metal anodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Chen; Ahmad, Zeeshan; Aryanfar, Asghar; Viswanathan, Venkatasubramanian; Greer, Julia R.

2017-01-01

Most next-generation Li ion battery chemistries require a functioning lithium metal (Li) anode. However, its application in secondary batteries has been inhibited because of uncontrollable dendrite growth during cycling. Mechanical suppression of dendrite growth through solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) or through robust separators has shown the most potential for alleviating this problem. Studies of the mechanical behavior of Li at any length scale and temperature are limited because of its extreme reactivity, which renders sample preparation, transfer, microstructure characterization, and mechanical testing extremely challenging. We conduct nanomechanical experiments in an in situ scanning electron microscope and show that micrometer-sized Li attains extremely high strengths of 105 MPa at room temperature and of 35 MPa at 90 °C. We demonstrate that single-crystalline Li exhibits a power-law size effect at the micrometer and submicrometer length scales, with the strengthening exponent of -0.68 at room temperature and of -1.00 at 90 °C. We also report the elastic and shear moduli as a function of crystallographic orientation gleaned from experiments and first-principles calculations, which show a high level of anisotropy up to the melting point, where the elastic and shear moduli vary by a factor of ˜4 between the stiffest and most compliant orientations. The emergence of such high strengths in small-scale Li and sensitivity of this metal’s stiffness to crystallographic orientation help explain why the existing methods of dendrite suppression have been mainly unsuccessful and have significant implications for practical design of future-generation batteries.

Facilities Requirements for Archives and Special Collections Department.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Charlotte B.

The program of the Archives and Special Collections Department at Franklin and Marshall College requires the following function areas to be located in the Shadek-Fackenthal Library: (1) Reading Room; (2) Conservation Laboratory; (3) Isolation Room; (4) storage for permanent collection; (5) storage for high security materials; (6) Processing Room;…

Hospital Patient Room Design: The Issues Facing 23 Occupational Groups Who Work in Medical/Surgical Patient Rooms.

PubMed

Lavender, Steven A; Sommerich, Carolyn M; Patterson, Emily S; Sanders, Elizabeth B-N; Evans, Kevin D; Park, Sanghyun; Umar, Radin Zaid Radin; Li, Jing

2015-01-01

The aim of this study was to learn from a wide range of hospital staff members about how the design of the patient room in which they work adversely affects their ergonomics or hinders their job performance. In addition to providing a healing space for patients, hospital patient rooms need to serve as functional workplaces for the people who provide clinical care, to clean, or to maintain room functions. Therefore, from a design perspective, it is important to understand the needs of all the users of hospital patient rooms with regard to room design. One hundred forty-seven people, representing 23 different occupational stakeholder groups, participated in either focus groups or interviews in which they were asked to identify room design issues that affect the performance of their work tasks. Key issues shared across multiple stakeholder groups included an inability to have eye contact with the patient when entering the room, inadequate space around the bed for the equipment used by stakeholders, the physical demands experienced as stakeholders move furnishings to accomplish their activities or access equipment, and a lack of available horizontal surfaces. Unique issues were also identified for a number of stakeholder groups. There are a number of issues that should be addressed in the next generation of hospital patient rooms, or when refurbishing existing facilities, so that all occupational stakeholder groups can work effectively, efficiently, and without undue physical stress. © The Author(s) 2015.

Room temperature CO and H2 sensing with carbon nanoparticles.

PubMed

Kim, Daegyu; Pikhitsa, Peter V; Yang, Hongjoo; Choi, Mansoo

2011-12-02

We report on a shell-shaped carbon nanoparticle (SCNP)-based gas sensor that reversibly detects reducing gas molecules such as CO and H(2) at room temperature both in air and inert atmosphere. Crystalline SCNPs were synthesized by laser-assisted reactions in pure acetylene gas flow, chemically treated to obtain well-dispersed SCNPs and then patterned on a substrate by the ion-induced focusing method. Our chemically functionalized SCNP-based gas sensor works for low concentrations of CO and H(2) at room temperature even without Pd or Pt catalysts commonly used for splitting H(2) molecules into reactive H atoms, while metal oxide gas sensors and bare carbon-nanotube-based gas sensors for sensing CO and H(2) molecules can operate only at elevated temperatures. A pristine SCNP-based gas sensor was also examined to prove the role of functional groups formed on the surface of functionalized SCNPs. A pristine SCNP gas sensor showed no response to reducing gases at room temperature but a significant response at elevated temperature, indicating a different sensing mechanism from a chemically functionalized SCNP sensor.

FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT OF ELOPEMENT ACROSS TWO SCHOOL SETTINGS

PubMed Central

Lang, Russell; Davis, Tonya; O'Reilly, Mark; Machalicek, Wendy; Rispoli, Mandy; Sigafoos, Jeff; Lancioni, Giulio; Regester, April

2010-01-01

The elopement of a child with Asperger syndrome was assessed using functional analyses and was treated in two school settings (classroom and resource room). Functional analyses indicated that elopement was maintained by access to attention in the resource room and obtaining a preferred activity in the classroom. Attention- and tangible-based interventions were compared in an alternating treatments design in both settings. Results validated the findings of the functional analyses. Implications for the assessment and treatment of elopement are discussed. PMID:20808501

A low-spin Fe(III) complex with 100-ps ligand-to-metal charge transfer photoluminescence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chábera, Pavel; Liu, Yizhu; Prakash, Om; Thyrhaug, Erling; Nahhas, Amal El; Honarfar, Alireza; Essén, Sofia; Fredin, Lisa A.; Harlang, Tobias C. B.; Kjær, Kasper S.; Handrup, Karsten; Ericson, Fredric; Tatsuno, Hideyuki; Morgan, Kelsey; Schnadt, Joachim; Häggström, Lennart; Ericsson, Tore; Sobkowiak, Adam; Lidin, Sven; Huang, Ping; Styring, Stenbjörn; Uhlig, Jens; Bendix, Jesper; Lomoth, Reiner; Sundström, Villy; Persson, Petter; Wärnmark, Kenneth

2017-03-01

Transition-metal complexes are used as photosensitizers, in light-emitting diodes, for biosensing and in photocatalysis. A key feature in these applications is excitation from the ground state to a charge-transfer state; the long charge-transfer-state lifetimes typical for complexes of ruthenium and other precious metals are often essential to ensure high performance. There is much interest in replacing these scarce elements with Earth-abundant metals, with iron and copper being particularly attractive owing to their low cost and non-toxicity. But despite the exploration of innovative molecular designs, it remains a formidable scientific challenge to access Earth-abundant transition-metal complexes with long-lived charge-transfer excited states. No known iron complexes are considered photoluminescent at room temperature, and their rapid excited-state deactivation precludes their use as photosensitizers. Here we present the iron complex [Fe(btz)3]3+ (where btz is 3,3‧-dimethyl-1,1‧-bis(p-tolyl)-4,4‧-bis(1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene)), and show that the superior σ-donor and π-acceptor electron properties of the ligand stabilize the excited state sufficiently to realize a long charge-transfer lifetime of 100 picoseconds (ps) and room-temperature photoluminescence. This species is a low-spin Fe(III) d5 complex, and emission occurs from a long-lived doublet ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (2LMCT) state that is rarely seen for transition-metal complexes. The absence of intersystem crossing, which often gives rise to large excited-state energy losses in transition-metal complexes, enables the observation of spin-allowed emission directly to the ground state and could be exploited as an increased driving force in photochemical reactions on surfaces. These findings suggest that appropriate design strategies can deliver new iron-based materials for use as light emitters and photosensitizers.

Heat transfer characteristics of building walls using phase change material

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Irsyad, M.; Pasek, A. D.; Indartono, Y. S.; Pratomo, A. W.

2017-03-01

Minimizing energy consumption in air conditioning system can be done with reducing the cooling load in a room. Heat from solar radiation which passes through the wall increases the cooling load. Utilization of phase change material on walls is expected to decrease the heat rate by storing energy when the phase change process takes place. The stored energy is released when the ambient temperature is low. Temperature differences at noon and evening can be utilized as discharging and charging cycles. This study examines the characteristics of heat transfer in walls using phase change material (PCM) in the form of encapsulation and using the sleeve as well. Heat transfer of bricks containing encapsulated PCM, tested the storage and released the heat on the walls of the building models were evaluated in this study. Experiments of heat transfer on brick consist of time that is needed for heat transfer and thermal conductivity test as well. Experiments were conducted on a wall coated by PCM which was exposed on a day and night cycle to analyze the heat storage and heat release. PCM used in these experiments was coconut oil. The measured parameter is the temperature at some points in the brick, walls and ambient temperature as well. The results showed that the use of encapsulation on an empty brick can increase the time for thermal heat transfer. Thermal conductivity values of a brick containing encapsulated PCM was lower than hollow bricks, where each value was 1.3 W/m.K and 1.6 W/m.K. While the process of heat absorption takes place from 7:00 am to 06:00 pm, and the release of heat runs from 10:00 pm to 7:00 am. The use of this PCM layer can reduce the surface temperature of the walls of an average of 2°C and slows the heat into the room.

Preparation and spectroscopic studies on charge-transfer complexes of 2,2'-bipyridine with picric and chloranilic acids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Teleb, Said M.; Gaballa, Akmal S.

2005-11-01

Charge-transfer (CT) complexes formed on the reaction of 2,2'-bipyridine with some acceptors such as picric acid (HPA) and chloranilic acid (H 2CA) have been studied in CHCl 3 and MeOH at room temperature. Based on elemental analysis and IR spectra of the solid CT complexes along with the photometric titration curves for the reactions, the data obtained indicate the formation of 1:1 charge-transfer complexes [(bpyH)(PA)] and [(bpyH 2)(CA)], respectively. The infrared and 1H NMR spectroscopic data indicate a charge-transfer interaction associated with a proton migration from the acceptor to the donor followed by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The formation constants ( KC) for the complexes were shown to be dependent on the structure of the electron acceptors used.

Preparation and spectroscopic studies on charge-transfer complexes of 2,2'-bipyridine with picric and chloranilic acids.

PubMed

Teleb, Said M; Gaballa, Akmal S

2005-11-01

Charge-transfer (CT) complexes formed on the reaction of 2,2'-bipyridine with some acceptors such as picric acid (HPA) and chloranilic acid (H(2)CA) have been studied in CHCl(3) and MeOH at room temperature. Based on elemental analysis and IR spectra of the solid CT complexes along with the photometric titration curves for the reactions, the data obtained indicate the formation of 1:1 charge-transfer complexes [(bpyH)(PA)] and [(bpyH(2))(CA)], respectively. The infrared and (1)H NMR spectroscopic data indicate a charge-transfer interaction associated with a proton migration from the acceptor to the donor followed by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The formation constants (K(C)) for the complexes were shown to be dependent on the structure of the electron acceptors used.

Thermal noise limit for ultra-high vacuum noncontact atomic force microscopy

PubMed Central

Lübbe, Jannis; Temmen, Matthias; Rode, Sebastian; Rahe, Philipp; Kühnle, Angelika

2013-01-01

Summary The noise of the frequency-shift signal Δf in noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) consists of cantilever thermal noise, tip–surface-interaction noise and instrumental noise from the detection and signal processing systems. We investigate how the displacement-noise spectral density d z at the input of the frequency demodulator propagates to the frequency-shift-noise spectral density d Δ f at the demodulator output in dependence of cantilever properties and settings of the signal processing electronics in the limit of a negligible tip–surface interaction and a measurement under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. For a quantification of the noise figures, we calibrate the cantilever displacement signal and determine the transfer function of the signal-processing electronics. From the transfer function and the measured d z, we predict d Δ f for specific filter settings, a given level of detection-system noise spectral density d z ds and the cantilever-thermal-noise spectral density d z th. We find an excellent agreement between the calculated and measured values for d Δ f. Furthermore, we demonstrate that thermal noise in d Δ f, defining the ultimate limit in NC-AFM signal detection, can be kept low by a proper choice of the cantilever whereby its Q-factor should be given most attention. A system with a low-noise signal detection and a suitable cantilever, operated with appropriate filter and feedback-loop settings allows room temperature NC-AFM measurements at a low thermal-noise limit with a significant bandwidth. PMID:23400758

Thermal noise limit for ultra-high vacuum noncontact atomic force microscopy.

PubMed

Lübbe, Jannis; Temmen, Matthias; Rode, Sebastian; Rahe, Philipp; Kühnle, Angelika; Reichling, Michael

2013-01-01

The noise of the frequency-shift signal Δf in noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) consists of cantilever thermal noise, tip-surface-interaction noise and instrumental noise from the detection and signal processing systems. We investigate how the displacement-noise spectral density d(z) at the input of the frequency demodulator propagates to the frequency-shift-noise spectral density d(Δ) (f) at the demodulator output in dependence of cantilever properties and settings of the signal processing electronics in the limit of a negligible tip-surface interaction and a measurement under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. For a quantification of the noise figures, we calibrate the cantilever displacement signal and determine the transfer function of the signal-processing electronics. From the transfer function and the measured d(z), we predict d(Δ) (f) for specific filter settings, a given level of detection-system noise spectral density d(z) (ds) and the cantilever-thermal-noise spectral density d(z) (th). We find an excellent agreement between the calculated and measured values for d(Δ) (f). Furthermore, we demonstrate that thermal noise in d(Δ) (f), defining the ultimate limit in NC-AFM signal detection, can be kept low by a proper choice of the cantilever whereby its Q-factor should be given most attention. A system with a low-noise signal detection and a suitable cantilever, operated with appropriate filter and feedback-loop settings allows room temperature NC-AFM measurements at a low thermal-noise limit with a significant bandwidth.

UV-Induced [2+2] Grafting-To Reactions for Polymer Modification of Cellulose.

PubMed

Conradi, Matthias; Ramakers, Gijs; Junkers, Thomas

2016-01-01

Benzaldehyde-functional cellulose paper sheets have been synthesized via tosylation of cellulose (Whatman No 5) followed by addition of p-hydroxy benzaldehyde. Via UV-induced Paterno-Büchi [2+2] cycloaddition reactions, these aldehyde functional surfaces are grafted with triallylcyanurate, trimethylolpropane allyl ether, and vinyl chloroacetate. In the following, allyl-functional polymers (poly(butyl acrylate), pBA, Mn = 6990 g mol(-1) , Đ = 1.12 and poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide), pNIPAAm, Mn = 9500 g mol(-1) , Đ = 1.16) synthesized via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization are conjugated to the celloluse surface in a UV-induced grafting-to approach. With pBA, hydrophobic cellulose sheets are obtained (water contact angle 116°), while grafting of pNIPAAm allows for generation of "smart" surfaces, which are hydrophilic at room temperature, but that become hydrophobic when heated above the characteristic lower critical solution temperature (93° contact angle). The Paterno-Büchi reaction has been shown to be a versatile synthetic tool that also performs well in grafting-to approaches whereby its overall performance seems to be close to that of radical thiol-ene reactions. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Electrostatic doping as a source for robust ferromagnetism at the interface between antiferromagnetic cobalt oxides

PubMed Central

Li, Zi-An; Fontaíña-Troitiño, N.; Kovács, A.; Liébana-Viñas, S.; Spasova, M.; Dunin-Borkowski, R. E.; Müller, M.; Doennig, D.; Pentcheva, R.; Farle, M.; Salgueiriño, V.

2015-01-01

Polar oxide interfaces are an important focus of research due to their novel functionality which is not available in the bulk constituents. So far, research has focused mainly on heterointerfaces derived from the perovskite structure. It is important to extend our understanding of electronic reconstruction phenomena to a broader class of materials and structure types. Here we report from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and quantitative magnetometry a robust – above room temperature (Curie temperature TC ≫ 300 K) – environmentally stable- ferromagnetically coupled interface layer between the antiferromagnetic rocksalt CoO core and a 2–4 nm thick antiferromagnetic spinel Co3O4 surface layer in octahedron-shaped nanocrystals. Density functional theory calculations with an on-site Coulomb repulsion parameter identify the origin of the experimentally observed ferromagnetic phase as a charge transfer process (partial reduction) of Co3+ to Co2+ at the CoO/Co3O4 interface, with Co2+ being in the low spin state, unlike the high spin state of its counterpart in CoO. This finding may serve as a guideline for designing new functional nanomagnets based on oxidation resistant antiferromagnetic transition metal oxides. PMID:25613569

Electrostatic doping as a source for robust ferromagnetism at the interface between antiferromagnetic cobalt oxides.

PubMed

Li, Zi-An; Fontaíña-Troitiño, N; Kovács, A; Liébana-Viñas, S; Spasova, M; Dunin-Borkowski, R E; Müller, M; Doennig, D; Pentcheva, R; Farle, M; Salgueiriño, V

2015-01-23

Polar oxide interfaces are an important focus of research due to their novel functionality which is not available in the bulk constituents. So far, research has focused mainly on heterointerfaces derived from the perovskite structure. It is important to extend our understanding of electronic reconstruction phenomena to a broader class of materials and structure types. Here we report from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and quantitative magnetometry a robust – above room temperature (Curie temperature TC ≫ 300 K) – environmentally stable- ferromagnetically coupled interface layer between the antiferromagnetic rocksalt CoO core and a 2-4 nm thick antiferromagnetic spinel Co3O4 surface layer in octahedron-shaped nanocrystals. Density functional theory calculations with an on-site Coulomb repulsion parameter identify the origin of the experimentally observed ferromagnetic phase as a charge transfer process (partial reduction) of Co(3+) to Co(2+) at the CoO/Co3O4 interface, with Co(2+) being in the low spin state, unlike the high spin state of its counterpart in CoO. This finding may serve as a guideline for designing new functional nanomagnets based on oxidation resistant antiferromagnetic transition metal oxides.

KSC-07pd2596

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-09-27

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- With umbilical lines still attached, the payload canister containing the Italian-built U.S. Node 2 module, called Harmony, is lifted up toward the payload changeout room on Launch Pad 39A. The canister will be lifted to the payload changeout room and the module transferred inside. The payload will be installed in space shuttle Discovery's payload bay after the vehicle rolls out to the pad. Discovery is targeted for launch to the International Space Station for mission STS-120 on Oct. 23. The pressurized module will act as an internal connecting port and passageway to additional international science labs and cargo spacecraft. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-08pd0340

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-02-15

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The payload canister containing the first section of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's Kibo laboratory and the Canadian Space Agency's two-armed robotic system, Dextre, nears the rotating service structure on Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. The payload will be transferred to the payload changeout room on the service structure. The changeout room is the enclosed, environmentally controlled portion of the rotating service structure that supports cargo delivery to the pad and subsequent vertical installation into an orbiter's payload bay. The payload will be installed into Endeavour for launch on the STS-123 mission targeted for March 11. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Hydride heat pump with heat regenerator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, Jack A. (Inventor)

1991-01-01

A regenerative hydride heat pump process and system is provided which can regenerate a high percentage of the sensible heat of the system. A series of at least four canisters containing a lower temperature performing hydride and a series of at least four canisters containing a higher temperature performing hydride is provided. Each canister contains a heat conductive passageway through which a heat transfer fluid is circulated so that sensible heat is regenerated. The process and system are useful for air conditioning rooms, providing room heat in the winter or for hot water heating throughout the year, and, in general, for pumping heat from a lower temperature to a higher temperature.

[Crisis unit at the general hospital: Determinants of further hospitalization].

PubMed

Norotte, C; Omnès, C; Crozier, C; Verlyck, C; Romanos, M

2017-10-01

The availability of short-stay beds for brief admission (less than 72hours) of crisis patients presenting to the emergency room is a model that has gained a growing interest because it allows time for developing alternatives to psychiatric hospitalization and favors a maintained functioning in the community. Still, the determinants influencing the disposition decision at discharge after crisis intervention remain largely unexplored. The primary objective of this study was to determine the factors predicting aftercare dispositions at crisis unit discharge: transfer for further hospitalization or return to the community. Secondary objectives included the description of clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of patients admitted to the crisis unit upon presentation to the emergency room. All patients (n=255) admitted to the short-stay unit of the emergency department of Rambouillet General Hospital during a one-year period were included in the study. Patient characteristics were collected in a retrospective manner from medical records: patterns of referral, acute stressors, presenting symptoms, initial patient demand, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th edition (DSM-5) disorders, psychiatric history, and socio-demographic characteristics were inferred. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with hospitalization decision upon crisis intervention at discharge. Following crisis intervention at the short-stay unit, 100 patients (39.2%) required further hospitalization and were transferred. Statistically significant factors associated with a higher probability of hospitalization (P<0.05) included the patient's initial wish to be hospitalized (OR=4.28), the presence of a comorbid disorder (OR=3.43), a referral by family or friends (OR=2.89), a history of psychiatric hospitalization (OR=2.71) and suicidal ideation on arrival in the emergency room (OR=2.26). Conversely, significant factors associated with a lower probability of hospitalization were the presence of a personality disorder (OR=0.31), a precipitating conflict situation (OR=0.41), age between 20 and 39 years (OR=0.42), being employed (OR=0.49). Our study confirms that clinical factors such as the presence of a personality disorder or the context of a precipitating conflict situation are predictive of a community return. Interestingly, it points out the importance of the patient's initial wish in the hospitalization decision. Copyright © 2016 L’Encéphale, Paris. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Fluorescence behaviour of 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate, 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, 10-formyldihydrofolate, and 10-formylfolate in aqueous solution at pH 8

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tyagi, A.; Penzkofer, A.; Batschauer, A.; Wolf, E.

2009-06-01

The fluorescence spectroscopic behaviour of (6R,S)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF), (6R,S)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate (10-HCO-H4folate), 10-formyldihydrofolate (10-HCO-H2folate), and 10-formylfolate (10-HCO-folate) in aqueous Tris-HCl buffer at pH 8 is studied. MTHF and 10-HCO-folate were commercially available. 10-HCO-H4folate was prepared from MTHF by hydrolysis at room temperature under anaerobic conditions. 10-HCO-H2folate was prepared by oxidation of 10-HCO-H4folate under aerobic conditions. Fluorescence quantum distributions at room temperature and fluorescence signal decays at room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature were measured. The fluorescence lifetimes determined at room temperature (liquid nitrogen temperature) are 10 ps (2.9 ns) for MTHF, 38 ps (3.7 ns) for 10-HCO-H4folate, 80 ps (10.5 ns) for 10-HCO-H2folate, and 7.1 ns (20 ns) for 10-HCO-folate. The results are discussed in terms of dyadic (pterin-benzoyl-glutamate) photo-induced electron transfer and dyadic fluorescent dynamics.

Measuring the human body's microclimate using a thermal manikin.

PubMed

Voelker, C; Maempel, S; Kornadt, O

2014-12-01

The human body is surrounded by a microclimate, which results from its convective release of heat. In this study, the air temperature and flow velocity of this microclimate were measured in a climate chamber at various room temperatures, using a thermal manikin simulating the heat release of the human being. Different techniques (Particle Streak Tracking, thermography, anemometry, and thermistors) were used for measurement and visualization. The manikin surface temperature was adjusted to the particular indoor climate based on simulations with a thermoregulation model (UCBerkeley Thermal Comfort Model). We found that generally, the microclimate is thinner at the lower part of the torso, but expands going up. At the head, there is a relatively thick thermal layer, which results in an ascending plume above the head. However, the microclimate shape strongly depends not only on the body segment, but also on boundary conditions: The higher the temperature difference between the surface temperature of the manikin and the air temperature, the faster the airflow in the microclimate. Finally, convective heat transfer coefficients strongly increase with falling room temperature, while radiative heat transfer coefficients decrease. The type of body segment strongly influences the convective heat transfer coefficient, while only minimally influencing the radiative heat transfer coefficient. The findings of this study generate a better understanding of the human body’s microclimate, which is important in fields such as thermal comfort, HVAC, or indoor air quality. Additionally, the measurements can be used by CFD users for the validation of their simulations. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Molecular dynamics simulation of imidazolium-based ionic liquids. I. Dynamics and diffusion coefficient.

PubMed

Kowsari, M H; Alavi, Saman; Ashrafizaadeh, Mahmud; Najafi, Bijan

2008-12-14

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the dynamics and transport properties of 12 room-temperature ionic liquids of the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium [amim](+) (alkyl = methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl) family with PF(6)(-), NO(3)(-), and Cl(-) counterions. The explicit atom transferable force field of Canongia Lopes et al. [J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 2038 (2004)] is used in the simulations. In this first part, the dynamics of the ionic liquids are characterized by studying the mean-square displacement (MSD) and the velocity autocorrelation function (VACF) for the centers of mass of the ions at 400 K. Trajectory averaging was employed to evaluate the diffusion coefficients at two temperatures from the linear slope of MSD(t) functions in the range of 150-300 ps and from the integration of the VACF(t) functions at 400 K. Detailed comparisons are made between the diffusion results from the MSD and VACF methods. The diffusion coefficients from the integration of the VACFs are closer to experimental values than the diffusion coefficients calculated from the slope of MSDs. Both methods can show good agreement with experiment in predicting relative trends in the diffusion coefficients and determining the role of the cation and anion structures on the dynamical behavior of this family of ionic liquids. The MSD and self-diffusion of relatively heavier imidazolium cations are larger than those of the lighter anions from the Einstein results, except for the case of [bmim][Cl]. The cationic transference number generally decreases with temperature, in good agreement with experiments. For the same anion, the cationic transference numbers decrease with increasing length of the alkyl chain, and for the same cation, the trends in the cationic transference numbers are [NO(3)](-) < [Cl](-) < [PF(6)](-). The trends in the diffusion coefficient in the series of cations with identical anions are [emim](+) > [pmim](+) > [bmim](+) and those for anions with identical cations are [NO(3)](-) > [PF(6)](-) > [Cl](-). The [dmim](+) has a relatively low diffusion coefficient due to its symmetric structure and good packing in the liquid phase. The major factor for determining the magnitude of the self-diffusion is the geometric shape of the anion of the ionic liquid. Other important factors are the ion size and the charge delocalization in the anion.

Data Transfer for Multiple Sensor Networks Over a Broad Temperature Range

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Krasowski, Michael

2013-01-01

At extreme temperatures, cryogenic and over 300 C, few electronic components are available to support intelligent data transfer over a common, linear combining medium. This innovation allows many sensors to operate on the same wire bus (or on the same airwaves or optical channel: any linearly combining medium), transmitting simultaneously, but individually recoverable at a node in a cooler part of the test area. This innovation has been demonstrated using room-temperature silicon microcircuits as proxy. The microcircuits have analog functionality comparable to componentry designed using silicon carbide. Given a common, linearly combining medium, multiple sending units may transmit information simultaneously. A listening node, using various techniques, can pick out the signal from a single sender, if it has unique qualities, e.g. a voice. The problem being solved is commonly referred to as the cocktail party problem. The human brain uses the cocktail party effect when it is able to recognize and follow a single conversation in a party full of talkers and other noise sources. High-temperature sensors have been used in silicon carbide electronic oscillator circuits. The frequency of the oscillator changes as a function of the changes in the sensed parameter, such as pressure. This change is analogous to changes in the pitch of a person s voice. The output of this oscillator and many others may be superimposed onto a single medium. This medium may be the power lines supplying current to the sensors, a third wire dedicated to data transmission, the airwaves through radio transmission, an optical medium, etc. However, with nothing to distinguish the identities of each source that is, the source separation this system is useless. Using digital electronic functions, unique codes or patterns are created and used to modulate the output of the sensor.

5 CFR 351.303 - Identification of positions with a transferring function.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... transferring function. 351.303 Section 351.303 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS REDUCTION IN FORCE Transfer of Function § 351.303 Identification of positions with a transferring function. (a) The competitive area losing the function is responsible for identifying the...

5 CFR 351.303 - Identification of positions with a transferring function.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... transferring function. 351.303 Section 351.303 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS REDUCTION IN FORCE Transfer of Function § 351.303 Identification of positions with a transferring function. (a) The competitive area losing the function is responsible for identifying the...

Synthesis and characterization of highly conductive charge-transfer complexes using positron annihilation spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adam, Abdel Majid A.; Refat, Moamen S.; Sharshar, T.; Heiba, Z. K.

Molecular charge-transfer complexes of the tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) with picric acid (Pi-OH), benzene-1,4-diol (QL), tin(IV) tetrachloride (SnCl4), iodine, bromine, and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) have been synthesized and investigated by elemental and thermal analysis, electronic, infrared, Raman and proton-NMR, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. In this work, three types of acceptors π-acceptors (Pi-OH and QL), σ-acceptors (iodine and bromine), and vacant orbital acceptors (SnCl4 and ZnCl2) were covered. The results of elemental analysis indicated that the CT complexes were formed with ratios 1:1 and 1:2 for QL, SnCl4, and ZnCl2 acceptors and iodine, Pi-OH, and Br2 acceptors, respectively. The type of chelating between the TMEDA donor and the mentioned acceptors depends upon the behavior of both items. The positron annihilation lifetime parameters were found to be dependent on the structure, electronic configuration, and the power of acceptors. The correlation between these parameters and the molecular weight and biological activities of studied complexes was also observed. Regarding the electrical properties, the AC conductivity and the dielectric coefficients were measured as a function of frequency at room temperature. The TMEDA charge-transfer complexes were screened against antibacterial (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and antifungal (Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans) activities.

Synthesis of polymer coated Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles and their enhanced anticancer activity against HepG2 cell line

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ali, Z.; Abbasi, R.; Khan, A. J.; Arshad, J.; Atif, M.; Ahmad, N.; Khalid, W.

2018-05-01

Cobalt zinc ferrite nanoparticles with stoichiometry Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 (CZFN) were synthesized by sol-gel method with high colloidal stability having room temperature ferromagnetism. For biological applications, CZFN were transferred to aqueous phase by polymer coating with amphiphilic polymer, whereas fluorescent dye (ATTO-590) was used as model system for anti-cancer drug loaded polymer shell. The amount of functional molecule varied up to 25% of the anhydride rings, which provides greater affinity of drug loading in polymer shell. CZFN were characterized by x-ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, gel electrophoresis and vibrating sample magnetometer. The in vitro cytotoxicity of CZFN was examined against HepG2 which revealed that CZFN (IC50:3.01 nM) strongly inhabits growth of the cells. Further the particles did not induce any significant hemolysis. Stimulatingly, this seems to be a noteworthy improvement towards the ability of surface functionalized multifunctional CZFN as carriers for drugs for anti-cancer therapy and their use as nanomedicine.

Self-Consistent Charge Density Functional Tight-Binding Study of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): Poly(styrenesulfonate) Ammonia Gas Sensor.

PubMed

Marutaphan, Ampaiwan; Seekaew, Yotsarayuth; Wongchoosuk, Chatchawal

2017-12-01

Geometric and electronic properties of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), styrene sulfonate (SS), and EDOT: SS oligomers up to 10 repeating units were studied by the self-consistent charge density functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) method. An application of PEDOT:PSS for ammonia (NH 3 ) detection was highlighted and investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The results showed an important role of H-bonds in EDOT:SS oligomers complex conformation. Electrical conductivity of EDOT increased with increasing oligomers and doping SS due to enhancement of π conjugation. Printed PEDOT:PSS gas sensor exhibited relatively high response and selectivity to NH 3 . The SCC-DFTB calculation suggested domination of direct charge transfer process in changing of PEDOT:PSS conductivity upon NH 3 exposure at room temperature. The NH 3 molecules preferred to bind with PEDOT:PSS via physisorption. The most favorable adsorption site for PEDOT:PSS-NH 3 interaction was found to be at the nitrogen atom of NH 3 and hydrogen atoms of SS with an average optimal binding distance of 2.00 Å.

Evaluation of the efficacy of akacid plus® fogging in eradicating causative microorganism in nosocomial infections.

PubMed

Unal, Nevzat; Yanik, Keramettin; Karadag, Adil; Odabaşı, Hakan; Esen, Saban; Günaydin, Murat

2014-01-01

The novel polymeric guanidine Akacid Plus® is a member of the cationic family of disinfectants. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the activity of Akacid Plus® against bacteria which cause nosocomial infections and remain viable after contaminating the environment and determine the effects of organic materials to the activity. Closed room and control room were created for experimental disinfection. Bacterial suspensions of 0.5 McFarland were prepared from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Acinetobacter baumannii and vancomycine-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) strains. A 0.1 mL of each suspension was applied on the chipboard (25 cm(2)) and tile (25 cm(2)) test surfaces without albumin and with 2% albumin to simulate organic dirt, and the test surfaces were placed in the test and control rooms after drying. Before testing, cotton swab premoistened with serum physiologic was used to obtain samples from various surfaces in the environment and the samples were transferred onto 5% sheep blood agar for incubation at 37°C. Akacid Plus® solution at a concentration of 0.5% was nebulized with an aerosol applicator (Prowi-06, Germany) for 45 minutes. After a 2-hour waiting period, 1 mL neutralizing broth (Dey-Engley Neutralizing Broth, Fluka) was transferred on the test surfaces, and samples were collected with a swab from the test surfaces and various surfaces in the testing room and inoculated on 5% sheep blood agar for incubation at 37oC for 24 hours. At the end of the incubation period, number of colonies were evaluated on the control and test plates. Although coagulase-negative staphylococci, Bacillus spp., and fungi were grown in cultured samples obtained from the environment of experimental laboratory, no growth was observed in the test plates after room disinfection with Akacid Plus®. After room disinfection, MRSA and A. baumannii were not detectable in the cultured media prepared from the test surfaces with or without albumin. The bacterial count for vancomyine-resistant E. faecium was reduced from 10(7) to 5×10(2) on surfaces without albumin and from 10(7) to 2.5×10(3) on surfaces with albumin. All test plates prepared from the surfaces in the control room showed abundant growth of the microorganism. The nebulization of Akacid plus® solution at a concentration of 0.5% proved to be an efficient means of disinfection for the removal of pathogenic microorganisms that cause hospital outbreaks and use of isolation measures.

Vacuum storage of yellow-poplar pollen

Treesearch

James R. Wilcox

1966-01-01

Vacuum-drying, followed by storage in vacuo or in an inert gas, is effective for storing pollen of many species. It permits storage at room environments without rigid controls of either temperature or humidity, an advantage that becomes paramount during long-distance transfers of pollen when critical storage conditions are impossible to maintain. In...

27 CFR 21.102 - Caustic soda, liquid.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... mark with distilled water at room temperature. Transfer a 25 ml aliquot of the solution to a titration..., and 50 ml of distilled water. Titrate with 0.25 N hydrochloric acid to the disappearance of the pink color. Not less than 25 ml of the hydrochloric acid shall be required to neutralize the sample of...

27 CFR 21.102 - Caustic soda, liquid.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... mark with distilled water at room temperature. Transfer a 25 ml aliquot of the solution to a titration..., and 50 ml of distilled water. Titrate with 0.25 N hydrochloric acid to the disappearance of the pink color. Not less than 25 ml of the hydrochloric acid shall be required to neutralize the sample of...

27 CFR 21.102 - Caustic soda, liquid.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... mark with distilled water at room temperature. Transfer a 25 ml aliquot of the solution to a titration..., and 50 ml of distilled water. Titrate with 0.25 N hydrochloric acid to the disappearance of the pink color. Not less than 25 ml of the hydrochloric acid shall be required to neutralize the sample of...

27 CFR 21.102 - Caustic soda, liquid.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... mark with distilled water at room temperature. Transfer a 25 ml aliquot of the solution to a titration..., and 50 ml of distilled water. Titrate with 0.25 N hydrochloric acid to the disappearance of the pink color. Not less than 25 ml of the hydrochloric acid shall be required to neutralize the sample of...

27 CFR 21.102 - Caustic soda, liquid.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... mark with distilled water at room temperature. Transfer a 25 ml aliquot of the solution to a titration..., and 50 ml of distilled water. Titrate with 0.25 N hydrochloric acid to the disappearance of the pink color. Not less than 25 ml of the hydrochloric acid shall be required to neutralize the sample of...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Garabedian, G.

This document details the decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) process of Rooms 248 and 250 of Building 62 at the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). The document describes the D&D efforts for the rooms, their contents, and adjacent areas containing ancillary equipment. The rooms and equipment, before being released, were required to meet the unrestricted release criteria and requirements set forth in DOE orders 5400.5 and 5480.11, LBNL`s internal release-criteria procedure (EH&S Procedure 708), and the LBNL Radiological Control Manual. The radioactive material and items not meeting the release criteria were either sent to the Hazardous Waste Handling Facilitymore » (HWHF) for disposal or transferred to other locations approved for radioactive material. The D&D was undertaken by the Radiation Protection Group of LBNL`s Environment, Health and Safety (EH&S) Division at the request of the Materials Sciences Division. Current and past use of radioactive material in both Rooms 248 and 250 necessitated the D&D in order to release both rooms for nonradioactive work. (1) Room 248 was designated a {open_quotes}controlled area.{close_quotes} There was contained radioactive material in some of the equipment. The previous occupants of Room 248 had worked with radioactive materials. (2) Room 250 was designated a {open_quotes}Radioactive Materials Management Area{close_quotes} (RMMA) because the current occupants used potentially dispersible radioisotopes. Both laboratories, during the occupancy of U.C. Berkeley Professor Leo Brewer and Ms. Karen Krushwitz, were kept in excellent condition. There was a detailed inventory of all radioactive materials and chemicals. All work and self surveys were documented. The labs were kept extremely orderly, clean, and in compliance. In October 1993 Ms. Krushwitz received an award in recognition of her efforts in Environmental Protection, Health, and Safety at LBNL.« less

Evidence of photo- and thermal-induced reversible intermolecular hydrogen-atom transfer in. gamma. -irradiated thiourea clathrates as studied by electron spin resonance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ichikawa, T.

1979-05-17

There has been a report (M. Iwasaki and Toriyama) on an electron spin resonance study of reversible intramolecular radical conversion due to photo- and thermal-induced H-atom transfer. Schlenk, Brown, White, Chatini, and Nakatani reported H-atom abstraction of a photostimulated allylic radical from its neighbor molecules and thermal recovery of the allylic radical from photoirradiation in a thiourea clathrate. Radiolysis of a thiourea clathrate containing a mixture of 10 mol% 2,3-dimethylbutadiene and 90 mol% 2,3-dimethylbutane gave a resolved room-temperature spectrum. The result seemed to suggest that the monomer radical was stabilized in the canal even at room temperature in the presencemore » of the inert DBA molecules which might block chain propagation. Results suggested that the photostimulated R/sub 1/, radicals abstract H atoms from DBA molecules to form tetramethylethylene molecules and R/sub 2/ radicals and that the R/sub 2/ radicals produced by photoirradiation abstract H atoms from TME molecules to regenerate R/sub 1/ radicals and DBA molecules. 2 figures. (DP)« less

Polymerization of Acetonitrile via a Hydrogen Transfer Reaction from CH3 to CN under Extreme Conditions.

PubMed

Zheng, Haiyan; Li, Kuo; Cody, George D; Tulk, Christopher A; Dong, Xiao; Gao, Guoying; Molaison, Jamie J; Liu, Zhenxian; Feygenson, Mikhail; Yang, Wenge; Ivanov, Ilia N; Basile, Leonardo; Idrobo, Juan-Carlos; Guthrie, Malcolm; Mao, Ho-Kwang

2016-09-19

Acetonitrile (CH3 CN) is the simplest and one of the most stable nitriles. Reactions usually occur on the C≡N triple bond, while the C-H bond is very inert and can only be activated by a very strong base or a metal catalyst. It is demonstrated that C-H bonds can be activated by the cyano group under high pressure, but at room temperature. The hydrogen atom transfers from the CH3 to CN along the CH⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bond, which produces an amino group and initiates polymerization to form a dimer, 1D chain, and 2D nanoribbon with mixed sp(2) and sp(3) bonded carbon. Finally, it transforms into a graphitic polymer by eliminating ammonia. This study shows that applying pressure can induce a distinctive reaction which is guided by the structure of the molecular crystal. It highlights the fact that very inert C-H can be activated by high pressure, even at room temperature and without a catalyst. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Room temperature deintercalation of alkali metal atoms from epitaxial graphene by formation of charge-transfer complexes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shin, H.-C.; Ahn, S. J.; Kim, H. W.

2016-08-22

Atom (or molecule) intercalations and deintercalations have been used to control the electronic properties of graphene. In general, finite energies above room temperature (RT) thermal energy are required for the intercalations and deintercalations. Here, we demonstrate that alkali metal atoms can be deintercalated from epitaxial graphene on a SiC substrate at RT, resulting in the reduction in density of states at the Fermi level. The change in density of states at the Fermi level at RT can be applied to a highly sensitive graphene sensor operating at RT. Na atoms, which were intercalated at a temperature of 80 °C, were deintercalatedmore » at a high temperature above 1000 °C when only a thermal treatment was used. In contrast to the thermal treatment, the intercalated Na atoms were deintercalated at RT when tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ) molecules were adsorbed on the surface. The RT deintercalation occurred via the formation of charge-transfer complexes between Na atoms and F4-TCNQ molecules.« less

Innovative procedure for computer-assisted genioplasty: three-dimensional cephalometry, rapid-prototyping model and surgical splint.

PubMed

Olszewski, R; Tranduy, K; Reychler, H

2010-07-01

The authors present a new procedure of computer-assisted genioplasty. They determined the anterior, posterior and inferior limits of the chin in relation to the skull and face with the newly developed and validated three-dimensional cephalometric planar analysis (ACRO 3D). Virtual planning of the osteotomy lines was carried out with Mimics (Materialize) software. The authors built a three-dimensional rapid-prototyping multi-position model of the chin area from a medical low-dose CT scan. The transfer of virtual information to the operating room consisted of two elements. First, the titanium plates on the 3D RP model were pre-bent. Second, a surgical guide for the transfer of the osteotomy lines and the positions of the screws to the operating room was manufactured. The authors present the first case of the use of this model on a patient. The postoperative results are promising, and the technique is fast and easy-to-use. More patients are needed for a definitive clinical validation of this procedure. Copyright 2010 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Polymerization of Acetonitrile via a Hydrogen Transfer Reaction from CH 3 to CN under Extreme Conditions

DOE PAGES

Zheng, Haiyan; Li, Kuo; Cody, George D.; ...

2016-08-25

Acetonitrile (CH 3CN) is the simplest and one of the most stable nitriles. Reactions usually occur on the C≡N triple bond, while the C-H bond is very inert and can only be activated by a very strong base or a metal catalyst. In this study, it is demonstrated that C-H bonds can be activated by the cyano group under high pressure, but at room temperature. The hydrogen atom transfers from the CH 3 to CN along the CH···N hydrogen bond, which produces an amino group and initiates polymerization to form a dimer, 1D chain, and 2D nanoribbon with mixed spmore » 2 and sp 3 bonded carbon. Lastly, it transforms into a graphitic polymer by eliminating ammonia. This study shows that applying pressure can induce a distinctive reaction which is guided by the structure of the molecular crystal. It highlights the fact that very inert C-H can be activated by high pressure, even at room temperature and without a catalyst.« less

Photoinduced electron transfer in a room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium octyl sulfate micelle: a temperature dependent study.

PubMed

Sarkar, Souravi; Mandal, Sarthak; Pramanik, Rajib; Ghatak, Chiranjib; Rao, Vishal Govind; Sarkar, Nilmoni

2011-05-19

The effect of temperature on the dynamics of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between different coumarin dyes and N,N-dimethyl aniline in a room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium octyl sulfate ([C(4)mim][C(8)SO(4)]) micelle have been investigated using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence quenching measurements at four different temperatures: 208, 298, 308, and 318 K. The quenching rates (k(q)(TR)) of the PET process in this micellar system are found to be lower than the PET rate in sodium dodecyl sulfate and Triton-X 100 micelle and almost comparable to the dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide micelle due to larger donor–acceptor separation in the micellar phase. The temperature dependent PET rates are well correlated with the Arrhenius type of correlation for all the coumarin dyes. Marcus type of inversion in PET rates has been observed at relatively lower exergonicity, and the correlation plots gradually move upward with the increase of temperature. © 2011 American Chemical Society

Effects of acuity-adaptable rooms on flow of patients and delivery of care.

PubMed

Hendrich, Ann L; Fay, Joy; Sorrells, Amy K

2004-01-01

Delayed transfers of patients between nursing units and lack of available beds are significant problems that increase costs and decrease quality of care and satisfaction among patients and staff. To test whether use of acuity-adaptable rooms helps solve problems with transfers of patients, satisfaction levels, and medical errors. A pre-post method was used to compare the effects of environmental design on various clinical and financial measures. Twelve outcome-based questions were formulated as the basis for inquiry. Two years of baseline data were collected before the unit moved and were compared with 3 years of data collected after the move. Significant improvements in quality and operational cost occurred after the move, including a large reduction in clinician handoffs and transfers; reductions in medication error and patient fall indexes; improvements in predictive indicators of patients' satisfaction; decrease in budgeted nursing hours per patient day and increased available nursing time for direct care without added cost; increase in patient days per bed, with a smaller bed base (number of beds per patient days). Some staff turnover occurred during the first year; turnover stabilized thereafter. Data in 5 key areas (flow of patients and hospital capacity, patients' dissatisfaction, sentinel events, mean length of stay, and allocation of nursing productivity) appear to be sufficient to test the business case for future investment in partial or complete replication of this model with appropriate populations of patients.

[Comprehensive system integration and networking in operating rooms].

PubMed

Feußner, H; Ostler, D; Kohn, N; Vogel, T; Wilhelm, D; Koller, S; Kranzfelder, M

2016-12-01

A comprehensive surveillance and control system integrating all devices and functions is a precondition for realization of the operating room of the future. Multiple proprietary integrated operation room systems are currently available with a central user interface; however, they only cover a relatively small part of all functionalities. Internationally, there are at least three different initiatives to promote a comprehensive systems integration and networking in the operating room: the Japanese smart cyber operating theater (SCOT), the American medical device plug-and-play interoperability program (MDPnP) and the German secure and dynamic networking in operating room and hospital (OR.NET) project supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Within the framework of the internationally advanced OR.NET project, prototype solution approaches were realized, which make short-term and mid-term comprehensive data retrieval systems probable. An active and even autonomous control of the medical devices by the surveillance and control system (closed loop) is expected only in the long run due to strict regulatory barriers.

Horizontal semi-dry electroblotting for the detection of the low density lipoprotein receptor in solubilized liver membranes.

PubMed

Himber, J

1993-08-01

A high efficiency transfer of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor proteins from polyacrylamide slab gel onto immobilizing nitrocellulose membranes using the horizontal semi-dry electrophoretic system is described. The transfer of the LDL receptors from solubilized rat liver microsomes was performed between two graphite plate electrodes in a continuous buffer system containing methanol and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The protein transfer was achieved in only 150 min at a constant current of 0.8 mA/cm2 at room temperature with very low Joule heat development. The homogeneous electric field yield between the two electrode plates produced a satisfactory transfer of the LDL-receptor protein band in spite of its high molecular weight, and only few protein traces remained in the polyacrylamide gel after blotting. This improved method allows a rapid and quantitative transfer of the LDL receptors without protein denaturation, since the specific binding activity of the blotted receptor is retained as demonstrated by ligand-blotting and immunoblotting.

Local heat-transfer measurements on a large, scale-model turbine blade airfoil using a composite of a heater element and liquid crystals

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hippensteele, S. A.; Russell, L. M.; Torres, F. J.

1985-01-01

Local heat transfer coefficients were experimentally mapped along the midchord of a five-time-size turbine blade airfoil in a static cascade operated at room temperature over a range of Reynolds numbers. The test surface consisted of a composite of commercially available materials: a mylar sheet with a layer of cholesteric liquid crystals, that change color with temperature, and a heater sheet made of a carbon-impregnated paper, that produces uniform heat flux. After the initial selection and calibration of the composite sheet, accurate, quantitative, and continuous heat transfer coefficients were mapped over the airfoil surface. The local heat transfer coefficients are presented for Reynolds numbers from 2.8 x 10 to the 5th power to 7.6 x 10 to the 5th power. Comparisons are made with analytical values of heat transfer coefficients obtained from the STAN5 boundary layer code. Also, a leading edge separation bubble was revealed by thermal and flow visualization.

Optical Absorption and Electric Resistivity of an l-Cysteine Film

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kamada, Masao; Hideshima, Takuya; Azuma, Junpei; Yamamoto, Isamu; Imamura, Masaki; Takahashi, Kazutoshi

2016-12-01

The optical and electric properties of an l-cysteine film have been investigated to understand its applicability to bioelectronics. The fundamental absorption is the allowed transition having the threshold at 5.8 eV and the absorption is due to the charge-transfer type transition from sulfur-3sp to oxygen-2p and/or carbon-2p states, while absorptions more than 9 eV can be explained with intra-atomic transitions in the functional groups. The electric resistivity is 2.0 × 104 Ω m at room temperature and increases as the sample temperature decreases. The results indicate that the l-cysteine film is a p-type semiconductor showing the hole conduction caused by the sulfur-3sp occupied states and unknown impurity or defect states as acceptors. The electron affinity of the l-cysteine film is derived as ≦-0.3 eV.

Fabrication of comb-drive actuators for straining nanostructured suspended graphene.

PubMed

Goldsche, Matthias; Verbiest, G J; Khodkov, Tymofiy; Sonntag, Jens; von den Driesch, Nils; Buca, Dan; Stampfer, Christoph

2018-06-20

We report on the fabrication and characterization of an optimized comb-drive actuator design for strain-dependent transport measurements on suspended graphene. We fabricate devices from highly p-doped silicon using deep reactive ion etching with a chromium mask. Crucially, we implement a gold layer to reduce the device resistance from ≈51.6 kΩ to ≈236 Ω at room temperature in order to allow for strain-dependent transport measurements. The graphene is integrated by mechanically transferring it directly onto the actuator using a polymethylmethacrylate membrane. Importantly, the integrated graphene can be nanostructured afterwards to optimize device functionality. The minimum feature size of the structured suspended graphene is 30~nm, which allows for interesting device concepts such as mechanically-tunable nanoconstrictions. Finally, we characterize the fabricated devices by measuring the Raman spectrum as well as the a mechanical resonance frequency of an integrated graphene sheet for different strain values. © 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd.

An electrical analogy to Mie scattering

PubMed Central

Caridad, José M.; Connaughton, Stephen; Ott, Christian; Weber, Heiko B.; Krstić, Vojislav

2016-01-01

Mie scattering is an optical phenomenon that appears when electromagnetic waves, in particular light, are elastically scattered at a spherical or cylindrical object. A transfer of this phenomenon onto electron states in ballistic graphene has been proposed theoretically, assuming a well-defined incident wave scattered by a perfectly cylindrical nanometer scaled potential, but experimental fingerprints are lacking. We present an experimental demonstration of an electrical analogue to Mie scattering by using graphene as a conductor, and circular potentials arranged in a square two-dimensional array. The tabletop experiment is carried out under seemingly unfavourable conditions of diffusive transport at room-temperature. Nonetheless, when a canted arrangement of the array with respect to the incident current is chosen, cascaded Mie scattering results robustly in a transverse voltage. Its response on electrostatic gating and variation of potentials convincingly underscores Mie scattering as underlying mechanism. The findings presented here encourage the design of functional electronic metamaterials. PMID:27671003

Optical, morphological and structural characterization of Langmuir-Schaefer films of a functionalized copper phthalocyanine.

PubMed

Giancane, Gabriele; Filippo, Emanuela; Manno, Daniela; Serra, Antonio; Valli, Ludovico

2011-11-01

Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) films of copper(II) tetrakis-(isoprpoxy-carbonyl)-phthalocyanine (TiPCuPc) have been deposited onto various solid supports. Its floating film have been characterized at the air-water interface by means of Brewster Angle Microscopy and Langmuir curves. Vibrational modes of multilayer transferred LS film have been studied by Raman spectroscopy and the optical parameters (refractive index n and extinction coefficient k) have been determined in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Linearly polarized light absorbance measurements have been performed at room temperature in the 400-800 nm spectral range and the average orientation of the phthalocyanine rings have been estimated. Transmission electron microscopy has been also used to characterize the morphological properties of the LS film and a close packed arrangement of the deposited molecules has been observed. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Thermal conductance of interfaces with molecular layers - low temperature transient absorption study on gold nanorods supported on self assembled monolayers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Wei; Huang, Jingyu; Murphy, Catherine; Cahill, David; University of Illinois At Urbana Champaign, Department of Materials Science; Engineering Team; Department Collaboration

2011-03-01

While heat transfer via phonons across solid-solid boundary has been a core field in condense matter physics for many years, vibrational energy transport across molecular layers has been less well elucidated. We heat rectangular-shaped gold nanocrystals (nanorods) with Ti-sapphire femtosecond pulsed laser at their longitudinal surface plasmon absorption wavelength to watch how their temperature evolves in picoseconds transient. We observed single exponential decay behavior, which suggests that the heat dissipation is only governed by a single interfacial conductance value. The ``RC'' time constant was 300ps, corresponding to a conductance value of 95MW/ m 2 K. This interfacial conductance value is also a function of ambient temperature since at temperatures as low as 80K, which are below the Debye temperature of organic layers, several phonon modes were quenched, which shut down the dominating channels that conduct heat at room temperature.

Display characterization by eye: contrast ratio and discrimination throughout the grayscale

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gille, Jennifer; Arend, Larry; Larimer, James O.

2004-06-01

We have measured the ability of observers to estimate the contrast ratio (maximum white luminance / minimum black or gray) of various displays and to assess luminous discrimination over the tonescale of the display. This was done using only the computer itself and easily-distributed devices such as neutral density filters. The ultimate goal of this work is to see how much of the characterization of a display can be performed by the ordinary user in situ, in a manner that takes advantage of the unique abilities of the human visual system and measures visually important aspects of the display. We discuss the relationship among contrast ratio, tone scale, display transfer function and room lighting. These results may contribute to the development of applications that allow optimization of displays for the situated viewer / display system without instrumentation and without indirect inferences from laboratory to workplace.

Photoinitiated Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly of Glycidyl Methacrylate for the Synthesis of Epoxy-Functionalized Block Copolymer Nano-Objects.

PubMed

Tan, Jianbo; Liu, Dongdong; Huang, Chundong; Li, Xueliang; He, Jun; Xu, Qin; Zhang, Li

2017-08-01

Herein, a novel photoinitiated polymerization-induced self-assembly formulation via photoinitiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer dispersion polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (PGMA) in ethanol-water at room temperature is reported. It is demonstrated that conducting polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) at low temperatures is crucial for obtaining colloidal stable PGMA-based diblock copolymer nano-objects. Good control is maintained during the photo-PISA process with a high rate of polymerization. The polymerization can be switched between "ON" and "OFF" in response to visible light. A phase diagram is constructed by varying monomer concentration and degree of polymerization. The PGMA-based diblock copolymer nano-objects can be further cross-linked by using a bifunctional primary amine reagent. Finally, silver nanoparticles are loaded within cross-linked vesicles via in situ reduction, exhibiting good catalytic properties. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Paskiewicz, Deborah M.; Sichel-Tissot, Rebecca; Karapetrova, Evguenia

The field of oxide electronics has benefited from the wide spectrum of functionalities available to the ABO 3 perovskites, and researchers are now employing defect engineering in single crystalline heterostructures to tailor properties. However, bulk oxide single crystals are not conducive to many types of applications, particularly those requiring mechanical flexibility. Here, we demonstrate the realization of an all-oxide, single-crystalline nanomembrane heterostructure. With a surface-to-volume ratio of 2 × 10 7 , the nanomembranes are fully flexible and can be readily transferred to other materials for handling purposes or for new materials integration schemes. Using in situ synchrotron X-ray scattering,more » we find that the nanomembranes can bond to other host substrates near room temperature and demonstrate coupling between surface reactivity and electromechanical properties in ferroelectric nanomembrane systems. Finally, the synthesis technique described here represents a significant advancement in materials integration and provides a new platform for the development of flexible oxide electronics.« less

Rapid nano impact printing of silk biopolymer thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

White, Robert D.; Gray, Caprice; Mandelup, Ethan; Amsden, Jason J.; Kaplan, David L.; Omenetto, Fiorenzo G.

2011-11-01

In this paper, nano impact printing of silk biopolymer films is described. An indenter is rapidly accelerated and transfers the nanopattern from a silicon master into the silk film during an impact event that occurs in less than 1 ms. Contact stresses of greater than 100 MPa can be achieved during the short impact period with low power and inexpensive hardware. Ring shaped features with a diameter of 2 µm and a ring width of 100-200 nm were successfully transferred into untreated silk films using this method at room temperature. Mechanical modeling was carried out to determine the contact stress distribution, and demonstrates that imprinting can occur for contact stresses of less than 2 MPa. Thermal characterization at the impact location shows that raising the temperature to 70 °C has only a limited effect on pattern transfer. Contact stresses of greater than approximately 100 MPa result in excessive deformation of the film and poor pattern transfer.

Phonon-electron coupling and tunneling effect on charge transport in organic semi-conductor crystals of Cn-BTBT.

PubMed

Zhou, Yecheng; Deng, Wei-Qiao; Zhang, Hao-Li

2016-09-14

Cn-[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]-benzothiophene (BTBT) crystals show very high hole mobilities in experiments. These high mobilities are beyond existing theory prediction. Here, we employed different quantum chemistry methods to investigate charge transfer in Cn-BTBT crystals and tried to find out the reasons for the underestimation in the theory. It was found that the hopping rate estimated by the Fermi Golden Rule is higher than that of the Marcus theory due to the high temperature approximation and failure at the classic limit. More importantly, molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the phonon induced fluctuation of electronic transfer integral is much larger than the average of the electronic transfer integral itself. Mobilities become higher if simulations implement the phonon-electron coupling. This conclusion indicates that the phonon-electron coupling promotes charge transfer in organic semi-conductors at room temperature.

Phonon-electron coupling and tunneling effect on charge transport in organic semi-conductor crystals of Cn-BTBT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Yecheng; Deng, Wei-Qiao; Zhang, Hao-Li

2016-09-01

Cn-[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]-benzothiophene (BTBT) crystals show very high hole mobilities in experiments. These high mobilities are beyond existing theory prediction. Here, we employed different quantum chemistry methods to investigate charge transfer in Cn-BTBT crystals and tried to find out the reasons for the underestimation in the theory. It was found that the hopping rate estimated by the Fermi Golden Rule is higher than that of the Marcus theory due to the high temperature approximation and failure at the classic limit. More importantly, molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the phonon induced fluctuation of electronic transfer integral is much larger than the average of the electronic transfer integral itself. Mobilities become higher if simulations implement the phonon-electron coupling. This conclusion indicates that the phonon-electron coupling promotes charge transfer in organic semi-conductors at room temperature.

Indoor radon levels in selected hot spring hotels in Guangdong, China.

PubMed

Song, Gang; Zhang, Boyou; Wang, Xinming; Gong, Jingping; Chan, Daniel; Bernett, John; Lee, S C

2005-03-01

Guangdong is one of the provinces that have most hot springs in China, and many hotels have been set up near hot springs, with spring water introduced into the bath inside each hotel room for hot spring bathing to attract tourists. In the present study, we measured radon in indoor and outdoor air, as well as in hot spring waters, in four hot spring hotels in Guangdong by using NR-667A (III) continuous radon detector. Radon concentrations ranged 53.4-292.5 Bq L(-1) in the hot spring water and 17.2-190.9 Bq m(-3) in outdoor air. Soil gas intrusion, indoor hot spring water use and inefficient ventilation all contributed to the elevated indoor radon levels in the hotel rooms. From the variation of radon levels in closed unoccupied hotel rooms, soil gas intrusion was found to be a very important source of indoor radon in hotel rooms with floors in contact with soils. When there was spring water bathing in the bathes, average radon levels were 10.9-813% higher in the hotel rooms and 13.8-489% higher in bathes compared to their corresponding average levels when there was no spring water use. Spring water use in the hotel rooms had radon transfer coefficients from 1.6x10(-4) to 5.0x10(-3). Radon in some hotel rooms maintained in concentrations much higher than guideline levels might thus have potential health risks to the hotel workers, and technical and management measures should be taken to lower their exposure of radon through inhalation.

Nursing care system development for patients with cleft lip-palate and craniofacial deformities in operating room Srinagarind Hospital.

PubMed

Riratanapong, Saowaluck; Sroihin, Waranya; Kotepat, Kingkan; Volrathongchai, Kanittha

2013-09-01

For a successful surgical outcome for patients with cleft lip/palate (CLP), the attending nurses must continuously develop their potential, knowledge, capacity and skills. The goal is to meet international standards of patient safety and efficiency. To assess and improve the nursing care system for patients with CLP and craniofacial deformities at the operating room (OR), Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University. Data were collected for two months (between March 1, 2011 and April 30, 2011). Part I was an enquiry regarding the attitude of OR staff on serving patients with CLP; and, Part 2.1) patient and caregiver satisfaction with service from the OR staff and 2.2) patient and caregiver satisfaction with the OR transfer service. The authors interviewed 28 staff in OR unit 2 of the OR nursing division and 30 patients with CLP and his/her caregiver. The respective validity according to the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.87 and 0.93. The OR staff attitude visa-vis service provision for patients with CLP service was middling. Patient and caregiver satisfaction with both OR staff and the transfer service was very satisfactory. Active development of the nursing care system for patients with CLP and craniofacial deformities in the operating room, Srinagarind Hospital improved staff motivation with respect to serving patients with CLP. The operating theater staff was able to co-ordinate the multidisciplinary team through the provision of surgical service for patients with CLP.

Fluorescence and picosecond induced absorption from the lowest singlet excited states of quercetin in solutions and polymer films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bondarev, S. L.; Tikhomirov, S. A.; Buganov, O. V.; Knyukshto, V. N.; Raichenok, T. F.

2017-03-01

The spectroscopic and photophysical properties of the biologically important plant antioxidant quercetin in organic solvents, polymer films of polyvinyl alcohol, and a buffer solution at pH 7.0 are studied by stationary luminescence and femtosecond laser spectroscopy at room temperature and 77 K. The large magnitude of the dipole moment of the quercetin molecule in the excited Franck-Condon state μ e FC = 52.8 C m indicates the dipolar nature of quercetin in this excited state. The transient induced absorption spectra S 1→ S n in all solvents are characterized by a short-wave band at λ abs max = 460 nm with exponential decay times in the range of 10.0-20.0 ps. In the entire spectral range at times of >100 ps, no residual induced absorption was observed that could be attributed to the triplet-triplet transitions T 1 → T k in quercetin. In polar solvents, two-band fluorescence was also recorded at room temperature, which is due to the luminescence of the initial enol form of quercetin ( 415 nm) and its keto form with a transferred proton (550 nm). The short-wave band is absent in nonpolar 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF). The spectra of fluorescence and fluorescence excitation exhibit a low dependence on the wavelength of excitation and detection, which may be related to the solvation and conformational changes in the quercetin molecule. Decreasing the temperature of a glassy-like freezing quercetin solution in ethanol and 2-MTHF to 77 K leads to a strong increase in the intensity (by a factor of 100) of both bands. The energy circuits for the proton transfer process are proposed depending on the polarity of the medium. The main channel for the exchange of electronic excitation energy in the quercetin molecule at room temperature is the internal conversion S 1 ⇝ S 0, induced by the state with a proton transfer.

Effect of high-pressure treatment at various temperatures on indigenous proteolytic enzymes and whey protein denaturation in bovine milk.

PubMed

Moatsou, Golfo; Bakopanos, Constantinos; Katharios, Dimitis; Katsaros, George; Kandarakis, Ioannis; Taoukis, Petros; Politis, Ioannis

2008-08-01

The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of high pressure (HP) processing (200, 450 and 650 MPa) at various temperatures (20, 40 and 55 degrees C) on the total plasmin plus plasminogen-derived activity (PL), plasminogen activator(s) (PA) and cathepsin D activities and on denaturation of major whey proteins in bovine milk. Data indicated that transfer of both PL and PA from the casein micelles to milk serum occurred at all pressures utilized at room temperature (20 degrees C). In addition to the transfer of PL and PA from micelles, there were reductions in activities of PL (16-18%) and PA (38-62%) for the pressures 450 and 650 MPa, at room temperature. There were synergistic negative effects between pressure and temperature on residual PL activity at 450 and 650 MPa and on residual PA activity only at 450 MPa. Cathepsin D activity in the acid whey from HP-treated milk was in general baroresistant at room temperature. The residual activity of cathepsin D decreased significantly at 650 MPa and 40 degrees C and at the pressures 450 and 650 MPa at 55 degrees C. Synergistic negative effects on the amount of native beta-lactoglobulin were observed at 450 and 650 MPa and on the amount of native alpha-lactalbumin at 650 MPa. There were significant correlations between enzymatic activities (PL, PA and cathepsin D) and the residual native beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin in bovine milk. In conclusion, HP significantly affected the activity of indigenous proteolytic enzymes and whey protein denaturation in bovine milk. Reduction in activity of indigenous enzymes (PL, PA and cathepsin D) and transfer of PL and PA from the casein to milk serum induced by HP is expected to have a profound effect on cheese yield, proteolysis during cheese ripening and quality of UHT milk during storage.

[Teleradiology using uncompressed DICOM format via exclusive fiber-optic system].

PubMed

Okuda, Shigeo; Kuribayashi, Sachio; Hibi, Norihumi; Matsuura, Agato; Tani, Rie; Saga, Yasushi

2005-01-01

We developed a system for teleradiology using exclusive fiber optics for transferring images formatted in uncompressed DICOM. This system was built up with commercially available machines and software provided from various companies. We are now operating the system with five remote hospitals and have had one year of experience. The current system took advantage of the security and transfer efficiency of exclusive fiber optics. Uncompressed DICOM images were useful for the identification of cases and user-friendly for viewing. The reading room is located in our university hospital, and the location is convenient for consultation and discussion of cases.

STS-102 MPLM Leonardo is transferred from the PCR into Discovery's payload bay

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. - In the Payload Changeout Room, Launch Pad 39B, the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo is ready to be transferred into Space Shuttle Discovery'''s payload bay. Discovery is scheduled to launch March 8 at 6:42 a.m. EST on mission STS-102, the eighth construction flight to the International Space Station. The primary delivery system used to resupply and return Station cargo requiring a pressurized environment, Leonardo will deliver up to 10 tons of laboratory racks filled with equipment, experiments and supplies for outfitting the newly installed U.S. Laboratory Destiny.

Water in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fayer, Michael

2014-03-01

Room temperature ionic liquids (or RTILs, salts with a melting point below 25 °C) have become a subject of intense study over the last several decades. Currently, RTIL application research includes synthesis, batteries, solar cells, crystallization, drug delivery, and optics. RTILs are often composed of an inorganic anion paired with an asymmetric organic cation which contains one or more pendant alkyl chains. The asymmetry of the cation frustrates crystallization, causing the salt's melting point to drop significantly. In general, RTILs are very hygroscopic, and therefore, it is of interest to examine the influence of water on RTIL structure and dynamics. In addition, in contrast to normal aqueous salt solutions, which crystallize at low water concentration, in an RTIL it is possible to examine isolated water molecules interacting with ions but not with other water molecules. Here, optical heterodyne-detected optical Kerr effect (OHD-OKE) measurements of orientational relaxation on a series of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate RTILs as a function of chain length and water concentration are presented. The addition of water to the longer alkyl chain RTILs causes the emergence of a long time bi-exponential orientational anisotropy decay. Such decays have not been seen previously in OHD-OKE experiments on any type of liquid and are analyzed here using a wobbling-in-a-cone model. The orientational relaxation is not hydrodynamic, with the slowest relaxation component becoming slower as the viscosity decreases for the longest chain, highest water content samples. The dynamics of isolated D2O molecules in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BmImPF6) were examined using two dimensional infrared (2D IR) vibrational echo spectroscopy. Spectral diffusion and incoherent and coherent transfer of excitation between the symmetric and antisymmetric modes are examined. The coherent transfer experiments are used to address the nature of inhomogeneous broadening by observing ~ 100 fs time scale oscillations in the shape of the 2D IR spectra.

Flexible Nonstick Replica Mold for Transfer Printing of Ag Ink.

PubMed

Lee, Bong Kuk; Yu, Han Young; Kim, Yarkyeon; Yoon, Yong Sun; Jang, Won Ik; Do, Lee-Mi; Park, Ji-Ho; Park, Jaehoon

2016-03-01

We report the fabrication of flexible replica molds for transfer printing of Ag ink on a rigid glass substrate. As mold precursors, acrylic mixtures were prepared from silsesquioxane-based materials, silicone acrylate, poly(propylene glycol) diacrylate, 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8, 9,9,10,10,10-heptadecafluorodecyl methacrylate, and photoinitiator. By using these materials, the replica molds were fabricated from a silicon master onto a flexible substrate by means of UV-assisted molding process at room temperature. The wettability of Ag ink decreased with increase in the water contact angle of replica molds. On the other hand, the transfer rate of Ag ink onto adhesive-modified substrates increased with increase in the water contact angle of replica molds. Transferred patterns were found to be thermally stable on the photocurable adhesive layer, whereas Ag-ink patterns transferred on non-photocurable adhesives were distorted by thermal treatment. We believe that these characteristics of replica molds and adhesives offer a new strategy for the development of the transfer printing of solution-based ink materials.

Testate amoeba transfer function performance along localised hydrological gradients.

PubMed

Tsyganov, Andrey N; Mityaeva, Olga A; Mazei, Yuri A; Payne, Richard J

2016-09-01

Testate amoeba transfer functions are widely used for reconstruction of palaeo-hydrological regime in peatlands. However, the limitations of this approach have become apparent with increasing attention to validation and assessing sources of uncertainty. This paper investigates effects of peatland type and sampling depth on the performance of a transfer function using an independent test-set from four Sphagnum-dominated sites in European Russia (Penza Region). We focus on transfer function performance along localised hydrological gradients, which is a useful analogue for predictive ability through time. The performance of the transfer function with the independent test-set was generally weaker than for the leave-one-out or bootstrap cross-validations. However, the transfer function was robust for the reconstruction of relative changes in water-table depth, provided the presence of good modern analogues and overlap in water-table depth ranges. When applied to subsurface samples, the performance of the transfer function was reduced due to selective decomposition, the presence of deep-dwelling taxa or vertical transfer of shells. Our results stress the importance of thorough testing of transfer functions, and highlight the role of taphonomic processes in determining results. Further studies of stratification, taxonomy and taphonomy of testate amoebae will be needed to improve the robustness of transfer function output. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Transfer function characteristics of super resolving systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Milster, Tom D.; Curtis, Craig H.

1992-01-01

Signal quality in an optical storage device greatly depends on the optical system transfer function used to write and read data patterns. The problem is similar to analysis of scanning optical microscopes. Hopkins and Braat have analyzed write-once-read-many (WORM) optical data storage devices. Herein, transfer function analysis of magnetooptic (MO) data storage devices is discussed with respect to improving transfer-function characteristics. Several authors have described improving the transfer function as super resolution. However, none have thoroughly analyzed the MO optical system and effects of the medium. Both the optical system transfer function and effects of the medium of this development are discussed.

[Studies on the health standard for room temperature in cold regions].

PubMed

Meng, Z L

1990-03-01

The microclimate of 205 rooms of single storey houses in four new rural residential districts in coastal and inland Shandong was monitored and studied the blood circulation of the finger, skin temperature, sweating function and other physiological indexes among 2,401 peasants. We interrogated their personal sensation to cold and warmth. The count was done by the application of thermal equilibrium index (TEI), predicted 4-hour Sweat Rate (P4SR) and the uncomfortable index. The standard room temperature is recommended as follows. In rural area in winter the appropriate room temperature is 14-16 degrees C, the comfortable room temperature is 16-20 degrees C, the lowest room temperature must not be below 14 degrees C. In summer the appropriate room temperature is 25-28 degrees C, the comfortable room temperature is 26-27 degrees C, the highest temperature must not be above 28 degrees C.

Toward designed singlet fission: solution photophysics of two indirectly coupled covalent dimers of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran.

PubMed

Johnson, Justin C; Akdag, Akin; Zamadar, Matibur; Chen, Xudong; Schwerin, Andrew F; Paci, Irina; Smith, Millicent B; Havlas, Zdeněk; Miller, John R; Ratner, Mark A; Nozik, Arthur J; Michl, Josef

2013-04-25

In order to identify optimal conditions for singlet fission, we are examining the photophysics of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (1) dimers covalently coupled in various ways. In the two dimers studied presently, the coupling is weak. The subunits are linked via the para position of one of the phenyl substituents, in one case (2) through a CH2 linker and in the other (3) directly, but with methyl substituents in ortho positions forcing a nearly perpendicular twist between the two joint phenyl rings. The measurements are accompanied with density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations. Although in neat solid state, 1 undergoes singlet fission with a rate constant higher than 10(11) s(-1); in nonpolar solutions of 2 and 3, the triplet formation rate constant is less than 10(6) s(-1) and fluorescence is the only significant event following electronic excitation. In polar solvents, fluorescence is weaker because the initial excited singlet state S1 equilibrates by sub-nanosecond charge transfer with a nonemissive dipolar species in which a radical cation of 1 is attached to a radical anion of 1. Most of this charge transfer species decays to S0, and some is converted into triplet T1 with a rate constant near 10(8) s(-1). Experimental uncertainties prevent an accurate determination of the number of T1 excitations that result when a single S1 excitation changes into triplet excitation. It would be one if the charge-transfer species undergoes ordinary intersystem crossing and two if it undergoes the second step of two-step singlet fission. The triplet yield maximizes below room temperature to a value of roughly 9% for 3 and 4% for 2. Above ∼360 K, some of the S1 molecules of 3 are converted into an isomeric charge-transfer species with a shorter lifetime, possibly with a twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) structure. This is not observed in 2.

Practical system for recording spatially lifelike 5.1 surround sound and 3D fully periphonic reproduction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miller, Robert E. (Robin)

2005-04-01

In acoustic spaces that are played as extensions of musical instruments, tonality is a major contributor to the experience of reality. Tonality is described as a process of integration in our consciousness over the reverberation time of the room of many sonic arrivals in three dimensions, each directionally coded in a learned response by the listeners unique head-related transfer function (HRTF). Preserving this complex 3D directionality is key to lifelike reproduction of a recording. Conventional techniques such as stereo or 5.1-channel surround sound position the listener at the apex of a triangle or the center of a circle, not the center of the sphere of lifelike hearing. A periphonic reproduction system for music and movie entertainment, Virtual Reality, and Training Simulation termed PerAmbio 3D/2D (Pat. pending) is described in theory and subjective tests that capture the 3D sound field with a microphone array and transform the periphonic signals into ordinary 6-channel media for either decoderless 2D replay on 5.1 systems, or lossless 3D replay with decoder and five additional speakers. PerAmbio 3D/2D is described as a practical approach to preserving the spatial perception of reality, where the listening room and speakers disappear, leaving the acoustical impression of the original venue.

Mission Evaluation Room Intelligent Diagnostic and Analysis System (MIDAS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pack, Ginger L.; Falgout, Jane; Barcio, Joseph; Shnurer, Steve; Wadsworth, David; Flores, Louis

1994-01-01

The role of Mission Evaluation Room (MER) engineers is to provide engineering support during Space Shuttle missions, for Space Shuttle systems. These engineers are concerned with ensuring that the systems for which they are responsible function reliably, and as intended. The MER is a central facility from which engineers may work, in fulfilling this obligation. Engineers participate in real-time monitoring of shuttle telemetry data and provide a variety of analyses associated with the operation of the shuttle. The Johnson Space Center's Automation and Robotics Division is working to transfer advances in intelligent systems technology to NASA's operational environment. Specifically, the MER Intelligent Diagnostic and Analysis System (MIDAS) project provides MER engineers with software to assist them with monitoring, filtering and analyzing Shuttle telemetry data, during and after Shuttle missions. MIDAS off-loads to computers and software, the tasks of data gathering, filtering, and analysis, and provides the engineers with information which is in a more concise and usable form needed to support decision making and engineering evaluation. Engineers are then able to concentrate on more difficult problems as they arise. This paper describes some, but not all of the applications that have been developed for MER engineers, under the MIDAS Project. The sampling described herewith was selected to show the range of tasks that engineers must perform for mission support, and to show the various levels of automation that have been applied to assist their efforts.

Function Transfer in Human Operant Experiments: The Role of Stimulus Pairings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tonneau, Francois; Gonzalez, Carmen

2004-01-01

Although function transfer often has been studied in complex operant procedures (such as matching to sample), whether operant reinforcement actually produces function transfer in such settings has not been established. The present experiments, with high school students as subjects, suggest that stimulus pairings can promote function transfer in…

Interim report on nuclear waste depository thermal analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Altenbach, T.J.

1978-07-25

A thermal analysis of a deep geologic depository for spent nuclear fuel is being conducted. The TRUMP finite difference heat transfer code is used to analyze a 3-dimensional model of the depository. The model uses a unit cell consisting of one spent fuel canister buried in salt beneath a ventilated room in the depository. A base case was studied along with several parametric variations. It is concluded that this method is appropriate for analyzing the thermal response of the system, and that the most important parameter in determining the maximum temperatures is the canister heat generation rate. The effects ofmore » room ventilation and different depository media are secondary.« less

Penetrating cardiac injury by wire thrown from a lawn mower.

PubMed

Rubio, P A; Reul, G J

1979-01-01

The first successful surgically treated case of penetrating heart injury, specifically the right ventricle, caused by a fragment of coat hanger wire thrown by a lawn mower, is reported. Though traumatic heart injuries are rare, this case represents accurate surgical management and judgment, especially in the preoperative phase which resulted in early operating and excellent postoperative results. It is our feeling that if the patient can be transferred safely to the operating room the mortality rate is considerably lowered; however, emergency room thoracotomy, which will undoubtedly result in a greater survival rate from these spectacular injuries, should be performed in the emergency center if cardiac activity ceases or the patient's condition deteriorates considerably.

Psychophysical workload in the operating room: primary surgeon versus assistant.

PubMed

Rieger, Annika; Fenger, Sebastian; Neubert, Sebastian; Weippert, Matthias; Kreuzfeld, Steffi; Stoll, Regina

2015-07-01

Working in the operating room is characterized by high demands and overall workload of the surgical team. Surgeons often report that they feel more stressed when operating as a primary surgeon than in the function as an assistant which has been confirmed in recent studies. In this study, intra-individual workload was assessed in both intraoperative functions using a multidimensional approach that combined objective and subjective measures in a realistic work setting. Surgeons' intraoperative psychophysiologic workload was assessed through a mobile health system. 25 surgeons agreed to take part in the 24-hour monitoring by giving their written informed consent. The mobile health system contained a sensor electronic module integrated in a chest belt and measuring physiological parameters such as heart rate (HR), breathing rate (BR), and skin temperature. Subjective workload was assessed pre- and postoperatively using an electronic version of the NASA-TLX on a smartphone. The smartphone served as a communication unit and transferred objective and subjective measures to a communication server where data were stored and analyzed. Working as a primary surgeon did not result in higher workload. Neither NASA-TLX ratings nor physiological workload indicators were related to intraoperative function. In contrast, length of surgeries had a significant impact on intraoperative physical demands (p < 0.05; η(2) = 0.283), temporal demands (p < 0.05; η(2) = 0.260), effort (p < 0.05; η(2) = 0.287), and NASA-TLX sum score (p < 0.01; η(2) = 0.287). Intra-individual workload differences do not relate to intraoperative role of surgeons when length of surgery is considered as covariate. An intelligent operating management that considers the length of surgeries by implementing short breaks could contribute to the optimization of intraoperative workload and the preservation of surgeons' health, respectively. The value of mobile health systems for continuous psychophysiologic workload assessment was shown.

Thermal responses from repeated exposures to severe cold with intermittent warmer temperatures.

PubMed

Ozaki, H; Enomoto-Koshimizu, H; Tochihara, Y; Nakamura, K

1998-09-01

This study was conducted to evaluate physiological reaction and manual performance during exposure to warm (30 degrees C) and cool (10 degrees C) environments after exposure to very low temperatures (-25 degrees C). Furthermore, this experiment was conducted to study whether it is desirable to remove cold-protective jackets in warmer rooms after severe cold exposure. Eight male students remained in an extremely cold room for 20 min, after which they transferred into either the warm room or the cool room for 20 min. This pattern was repeated three times, and the total cold exposure time was 60 min. In the warm and cool rooms, the subjects either removed their cold-protective jackets (Condition A), or wore them continuously (Condition B). Rectal temperature, skin temperatures, manual performance, blood pressure, thermal, comfort and pain sensations were measured during the experiment. The effects of severe cold on almost all measurements in the cool (10 degrees C) environment were greater than those in the warm (30 degrees C) environment under both clothing conditions. The effects of severe cold on all measurements under Condition A except rectal temperature and toe skin temperature were significantly greater than those under Condition B in the cool environment but, not at all differences between Condition A and Condition B in the warm environments were significant. It was recognized that to remove cold-protective jackets in the cool room (10 degrees C) after severe cold exposure promoted the effects of severe cold. When rewarming in the warm resting room (30 degrees C), the physiological and psychological responses and manual performance were not influenced by the presence or absence of cold-protective clothing. These results suggest that it is necessary for workers to make sure to rewarm in the warm room outside of the cold storage and continue to wear cold-protective clothing in the cool room.

A comparison of partially specular radiosity and ray tracing for room acoustics modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beamer, C. Walter; Muehleisen, Ralph T.

2005-04-01

Partially specular (PS) radiosity is an extended form of the general radiosity method. Acoustic radiosity is a form of bulk transfer of radiant acoustic energy. This bulk transfer is accomplished through a system of energy balance equations that relate the bulk energy transfer of each surface in the system to all other surfaces in the system. Until now acoustic radiosity has been limited to modeling only diffuse surface reflection. The new PS acoustic radiosity method can model all real surface types, diffuse, specular and everything in between. PS acoustic radiosity also models all real source types and distributions, not just point sources. The results of the PS acoustic radiosity method are compared to those of well known ray tracing programs. [Work supported by NSF.

Gate-Tunable Electron Transport Phenomena in Al-Ge⟨111⟩-Al Nanowire Heterostructures.

PubMed

Brunbauer, Florian M; Bertagnolli, Emmerich; Lugstein, Alois

2015-11-11

Electrostatically tunable negative differential resistance (NDR) is demonstrated in monolithic metal-semiconductor-metal (Al-Ge-Al) nanowire (NW) heterostructures integrated in back-gated field-effect transistors (FETs). Unambiguous signatures of NDR even at room temperature are attributed to intervalley electron transfer. At yet higher electric fields, impact ionization leads to an exponential increase of the current in the ⟨111⟩ oriented Ge NW segments. Modulation of the transfer rates, manifested as a large tunability of the peak-to-valley ratio (PVR) and the onset of impact ionization is achieved by the combined influences of electrostatic gating, geometric confinement, and heterojunction shape on hot electron transfer and by electron-electron scattering rates that can be altered by varying the charge carrier concentration in the NW FETs.

TBA PRODUCTION BY ACID HYDROLYSIS OF MTBE DURING HEATED HEADSPACE ANALYSIS & EVALUATION OF A BASE AS A PRESERVATIVE

EPA Science Inventory

At room temperature (20°±3°C), purge and trap samplers provide poor sensitivity for analysis of the fuel oxygenates that are alcohols, such as tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA). Because alcohols are miscible or highly soluble in water, they are not efficiently transferred to a gas chr...

Seeking to Engage "Hard-to-Reach" Families: Towards a Transferable Model of Intervention

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Evangelou, Maria; Coxon, Kate; Sylva, Kathy; Smith, Sally; Chan, Lydia L. S.

2013-01-01

This paper describes an exploratory evaluation of the Peers Early Education Partnership "Room to Play", an innovative and experimental "drop-in" service seeking to attract and engage "hard-to-reach" families in one of the most deprived areas of a Midlands city. Located in a shop unit of a busy community shopping…

Are hospital floors an underappreciated reservoir for transmission of health care-associated pathogens?

PubMed

Deshpande, Abhishek; Cadnum, Jennifer L; Fertelli, Dennis; Sitzlar, Brett; Thota, Priyaleela; Mana, Thriveen S; Jencson, Annette; Alhmidi, Heba; Koganti, Sreelatha; Donskey, Curtis J

2017-03-01

In a survey of 5 hospitals, we found that floors in patient rooms were frequently contaminated with pathogens and high-touch objects such as blood pressure cuffs and call buttons were often in contact with the floor. Contact with objects on floors frequently resulted in transfer of pathogens to hands. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Oral dexmedetomidine for preoperative sedation in an adult uncooperative autistic patient.

PubMed

Konia, Mojca Remskar

2016-11-01

We describe preoperative sedation with oral dexmedetomidine 5 mcg/kg in an uncooperative adult with autism and developmental delay. The sedation with oral dexmedetomidine achieved good sedation level (Ramsey 4-5), allowing for calm transfer of the patient to the operating room and uneventful induction of anesthesia. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

78 FR 40425 - Draft Environmental Assessment for the J. Phil Campbell, Senior, Natural Resource Conservation...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-05

... Service (ARS) in Watkinsville, Georgia, to the University of Georgia (UGA) College of Agricultural and... Proposed JPC-NRCC Land Transfer by any of the following methods: Email: [email protected]ars.usda.gov , Fax: 309-681-6683. Mail: USDA-ARS-SHEMB, NCAUR, 1815 North University Avenue, Room 2016, Peoria, Ilinois 61604...

Symbolic Regression for the Estimation of Transfer Functions of Hydrological Models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klotz, D.; Herrnegger, M.; Schulz, K.

2017-11-01

Current concepts for parameter regionalization of spatially distributed rainfall-runoff models rely on the a priori definition of transfer functions that globally map land surface characteristics (such as soil texture, land use, and digital elevation) into the model parameter space. However, these transfer functions are often chosen ad hoc or derived from small-scale experiments. This study proposes and tests an approach for inferring the structure and parametrization of possible transfer functions from runoff data to potentially circumvent these difficulties. The concept uses context-free grammars to generate possible proposition for transfer functions. The resulting structure can then be parametrized with classical optimization techniques. Several virtual experiments are performed to examine the potential for an appropriate estimation of transfer function, all of them using a very simple conceptual rainfall-runoff model with data from the Austrian Mur catchment. The results suggest that a priori defined transfer functions are in general well identifiable by the method. However, the deduction process might be inhibited, e.g., by noise in the runoff observation data, often leading to transfer function estimates of lower structural complexity.

First-and Second-Order Displacement Transfer Functions for Structural Shape Calculations Using Analytically Predicted Surface Strains

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ko, William L.; Fleischer, Van Tran

2012-01-01

New first- and second-order displacement transfer functions have been developed for deformed shape calculations of nonuniform cross-sectional beam structures such as aircraft wings. The displacement transfer functions are expressed explicitly in terms of beam geometrical parameters and surface strains (uniaxial bending strains) obtained at equally spaced strain stations along the surface of the beam structure. By inputting the measured or analytically calculated surface strains into the displacement transfer functions, one could calculate local slopes, deflections, and cross-sectional twist angles of the nonuniform beam structure for mapping the overall structural deformed shapes for visual display. The accuracy of deformed shape calculations by the first- and second-order displacement transfer functions are determined by comparing these values to the analytically predicted values obtained from finite element analyses. This comparison shows that the new displacement transfer functions could quite accurately calculate the deformed shapes of tapered cantilever tubular beams with different tapered angles. The accuracy of the present displacement transfer functions also are compared to those of the previously developed displacement transfer functions.

Evaluation of sample stability for a quantitative faecal immunochemical test and comparison of two sample collection approaches.

PubMed

Mellen, Samantha; de Ferrars, Maria; Chapman, Claire; Bevan, Sarah; Turvill, James; Turnock, Daniel

2018-01-01

Background Faecal immunochemical testing is increasingly being used to triage symptomatic patients for suspected colorectal cancer. However, there are limited data on the effect of preanalytical factors on faecal haemoglobin when measured by faecal immunochemical testing. The aim of this work was to evaluate the stability of faecal haemoglobin in faeces and to compare two methods of faecal haemoglobin sampling for faecal immunochemical testing. Methods Six patients provided faeces for faecal haemoglobin measurement which were transferred into specialized collection devices at baseline and at 1, 2, 3 and 7 days after storage at either room temperature or 4°C. A total of 137 patients returned both faeces transferred into the specialized collection device and faeces in a standard collection pot. A quantitative immunoturbidometric method was used to measure faecal haemoglobin and results were compared categorically. Discrepant results were assessed against diagnosis. Results Faecal haemoglobin concentration declined rapidly within a day of storage at room temperature but results remained ≥10 μg Hb/g faeces in 5/6 patients after two days. A faecal haemoglobin result ≥10 μg Hb/g faeces was obtained in 4/6 patients after storage for seven days at 4°C. Results obtained when patients used specialized collection devices were significantly different from results obtained when faeces was transferred into the specialized collection device in the laboratory. Conclusion There is considerable heterogeneity in the sample stability of faecal haemoglobin; therefore, samples should be transferred rapidly into specialized collection devices to prevent false-negative results. Use of collection devices by patients can lead to false-positive results compared with their use in a laboratory.

Evaluation of the BioVigilant IMD-A, a novel optical spectroscopy technology for the continuous and real-time environmental monitoring of viable and nonviable particles. Part II. Case studies in environmental monitoring during aseptic filling, intervention assessments, and glove integrity testing in manufacturing isolators.

PubMed

Miller, Michael J; Walsh, Michael R; Shrake, Jerry L; Dukes, Randall E; Hill, Daniel B

2009-01-01

This paper describes the use of the BioVigilant IMD-A, a real-time and continuous monitoring technology based on optical spectroscopy, to simultaneously and instantaneously detect, size, and enumerate both viable and nonviable particles in a variety of filling and transfer isolator environments during an aseptic fill, transfer of sterilized components, and filling interventions. Continuous monitoring of three separate isolators for more than 16 h and representing more than 28 m3 of air per isolator (under static conditions) yielded a mean viable particle count of zero (0) per cubic meter. Although the mean count per cubic meter was zero, the detection of very low levels of single viable particles was randomly observed in each of these sampling runs. No viable particles were detected during the manual transfer of sterilized components from transfer isolators into a filling isolator, and similar results were observed during an aseptic fill, a filling needle change-out procedure, and during disassembly, movement, and reassembly of a vibrating stopper bowl. During the continuous monitoring of a sample transfer port and a simulated mousehole, no viable particles were detected; however, when the sampling probe was inserted beyond the isolator-room interface, the IMD-A instantaneously detected and enumerated both viable and nonviable particles originating from the surrounding room. Data from glove pinhole studies showed no viable particles being observed, although significant viable particles were immediately detected when the gloves were removed and a bare hand was allowed to introduce microorganisms into the isolator. The IMD-A technology offers the industry an unprecedented advantage over growth-based bioaerosol samplers for monitoring the state of microbiological control in pharmaceutical manufacturing environments, and represents significant progress toward the acceptance of microbiology process analytical technology solutions for the industry.

Nonparametric Transfer Function Models

PubMed Central

Liu, Jun M.; Chen, Rong; Yao, Qiwei

2009-01-01

In this paper a class of nonparametric transfer function models is proposed to model nonlinear relationships between ‘input’ and ‘output’ time series. The transfer function is smooth with unknown functional forms, and the noise is assumed to be a stationary autoregressive-moving average (ARMA) process. The nonparametric transfer function is estimated jointly with the ARMA parameters. By modeling the correlation in the noise, the transfer function can be estimated more efficiently. The parsimonious ARMA structure improves the estimation efficiency in finite samples. The asymptotic properties of the estimators are investigated. The finite-sample properties are illustrated through simulations and one empirical example. PMID:20628584

Impacting patient outcomes through design: acuity adaptable care/universal room design.

PubMed

Brown, Katherine Kay; Gallant, Dennis

2006-01-01

To succeed in today's challenging healthcare environment, hospitals must examine their impact on customers--patients and families--staff and physicians. By using competitive facility design and incorporating evidence-based concepts such as the acuity adaptable care delivery model and the universal room, the hospital will realize an impact on patient satisfaction that will enhance market share, on physician satisfaction that will foster loyalty, and on staff satisfaction that will decrease turnover. At the same time, clinical outcomes such as a reduction in mortality and complications and efficiencies such as a reduction in length of stay and minimization of hospital costs through the elimination of transfers can be gained. The results achieved are dependent on the principles used in designing the patient room that should focus on maximizing patient safety and improving healing. This article will review key design elements that support the success of an acuity adaptable unit such as the use of a private room with zones dedicated to patients, families, and staff, healing environment, technology, and decentralized nursing stations that support the success of the acuity adaptable unit. Outcomes of institutions currently utilizing the acuity adaptable concept will be reviewed.

SU-F-J-188: Clinical Implementation of in Room Mobile CT for Image Guided Proton Therapy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, H; Wu, R; Poenisch, F

Purpose: To implement soft-tissue image-guided proton therapy using inroom mobile CT. Methods: Anthropomorphic phantom was first used to determine the setup accuracy using in- room mobile CT. Laser and bbs were used for the initial setup (marked isocenter). CT data was then acquired with in-room mobile CT (daily CT). The shift between the marked isocenter and the planned isocenter (final isocenter) was determined from the daily CT using in-house Computer Assisted Targeting (CAT) software. Orthogonal DRRs of the day was also generated from the daily CT. The phantom was then transferred on the treatment couch top to the treatment machinemore » using a transportation system, and again aligned to the marked isocenter. Couch shifts were made to align the phantom to the final isocenter using the shifts as determined using the CAT software, and verified using orthogonal X-ray images with the daily DRRs. Results: Phantom data suggests that following the setup procedure as described above, targeting accuracy could be within 1 mm. Patient data are being acquired and analyzed. Conclusion: In-room mobile CT is capable of providing soft-tissue image-guided proton therapy.« less

Photophysics of Ru(II)— and Os(II)—polypyridine complexes in poly(ethyleneoxide) matrices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Campagna, Sebastiano; Bartolotta, Antonino; Marco, Gaetano Di

1993-04-01

Photophysical properties of Ru(bpy) 32+, Ru(bpy) 2(biq) 2+, and Os(bpy) 32+ (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine; biq=2,2'-biquinoline) in poly(ethyleneoxide) matrices (PEO) constituted by (CH 2CH 2O) repeating units, with average molecular weight 400 (PEO-400, a highly viscous fluid) and 600000 dalton (PEO-600000, a semicrystalline solid) have been studied at room temperature and 77 K. Comparison with similar systems is made. The absorption spectra, luminescence spectra and lifetimes at room temperature of the three complexes in both matrices are in agreement with the typical features reported for the same complexes in fluid solutions, and indicate that fast excited state relaxation via solvent reorganization occurs in both PEO matrices at room temperature. Such behaviour is not usual for solid matrices and is attributed to the microheterogeneous nature of PEO-600000 and to the ability of the solid PEO amorphous region to stabilize polar species within the timescale of radiative relaxation. The results suggest that PEO-600000 is a promising medium for studying electron and energy transfer processes having mild driving forces in the solid state at room temperature.

Management of potentially life-threatening emergencies at 74 primary level hospitals in Mongolia: results of a prospective, observational multicenter study.

PubMed

Mendsaikhan, Naranpurev; Gombo, Davaa; Lundeg, Ganbold; Schmittinger, Christian; Dünser, Martin W

2017-05-08

While the capacities to care for and epidemiology of emergency and critically ill patients have been reported for secondary and tertiary level hospitals in Mongolia, no data exist for Mongolian primary level hospitals. In this prospective, observational multicenter study, 74 primary level hospitals of Mongolia were included. We determined the capacities of these hospitals to manage medical emergencies. Furthermore, characteristics of patients presenting with potentially life-threatening emergencies to these hospitals were evaluated during a 6 month period. An emergency/resuscitation room was available in 62.2% of hospitals. One third of the study hospitals had an operation theatre (32.4%). No hospital ran an intensive care unit or had trained emergency/critical care physicians or nurses available. Diagnostic resources were inconsistently available (sonography, 59.5%; echocardiography, 0%). Basic emergency procedures (wound care, 97.3%; foreign body removal, 86.5%; oxygen application, 85.2%) were commonly but advanced procedures (advanced cardiac life support, 10.8%; airway management, 13.5%; mechanical ventilation, 0%; renal replacement therapy, 0%) rarely available. During 6 months, 14,545 patients were hospitalized in the 74 study hospitals, of which 8.7% [n = 1267; median age, 34 (IQR 18-53) years; male gender, 54.4%] were included in the study. Trauma (excl. brain trauma) (20.4%), acute abdomen (16.9%) and heart failure (9.6%) were the most common conditions. Five-hundred-thirty patients (41.8%) were transferred to a secondary level hospital. The hospital mortality of patients not transferred was 3.2%. Capacities of Mongolian primary level hospitals to manage life-threatening emergencies are highly limited. Trauma, surgical and medical conditions make up the most common emergencies. In view of the fact that almost half of the patients with a potentially life-threatening emergency were transferred to secondary level hospitals and the mortality of those hospitalized in primary level hospitals was 3.2%, room for improvement is clearly evident. Based on our findings, improvements could be obtained by strengthening inter-hospital transfer systems, training staff in emergency/critical care skills and by making mechanical ventilation and advanced life support techniques available at the emergency rooms of primary level hospitals.

Challenges and solutions for realistic room simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Begault, Durand R.

2002-05-01

Virtual room acoustic simulation (auralization) techniques have traditionally focused on answering questions related to speech intelligibility or musical quality, typically in large volumetric spaces. More recently, auralization techniques have been found to be important for the externalization of headphone-reproduced virtual acoustic images. Although externalization can be accomplished using a minimal simulation, data indicate that realistic auralizations need to be responsive to head motion cues for accurate localization. Computational demands increase when providing for the simulation of coupled spaces, small rooms lacking meaningful reverberant decays, or reflective surfaces in outdoor environments. Auditory threshold data for both early reflections and late reverberant energy levels indicate that much of the information captured in acoustical measurements is inaudible, minimizing the intensive computational requirements of real-time auralization systems. Results are presented for early reflection thresholds as a function of azimuth angle, arrival time, and sound-source type, and reverberation thresholds as a function of reverberation time and level within 250-Hz-2-kHz octave bands. Good agreement is found between data obtained in virtual room simulations and those obtained in real rooms, allowing a strategy for minimizing computational requirements of real-time auralization systems.

Closed-loop spontaneous baroreflex transfer function is inappropriate for system identification of neural arc but partly accurate for peripheral arc: predictability analysis

PubMed Central

Kamiya, Atsunori; Kawada, Toru; Shimizu, Shuji; Sugimachi, Masaru

2011-01-01

Abstract Although the dynamic characteristics of the baroreflex system have been described by baroreflex transfer functions obtained from open-loop analysis, the predictability of time-series output dynamics from input signals, which should confirm the accuracy of system identification, remains to be elucidated. Moreover, despite theoretical concerns over closed-loop system identification, the accuracy and the predictability of the closed-loop spontaneous baroreflex transfer function have not been evaluated compared with the open-loop transfer function. Using urethane and α-chloralose anaesthetized, vagotomized and aortic-denervated rabbits (n = 10), we identified open-loop baroreflex transfer functions by recording renal sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) while varying the vascularly isolated intracarotid sinus pressure (CSP) according to a binary random (white-noise) sequence (operating pressure ± 20 mmHg), and using a simplified equation to calculate closed-loop-spontaneous baroreflex transfer function while matching CSP with systemic arterial pressure (AP). Our results showed that the open-loop baroreflex transfer functions for the neural and peripheral arcs predicted the time-series SNA and AP outputs from measured CSP and SNA inputs, with r2 of 0.8 ± 0.1 and 0.8 ± 0.1, respectively. In contrast, the closed-loop-spontaneous baroreflex transfer function for the neural arc was markedly different from the open-loop transfer function (enhanced gain increase and a phase lead), and did not predict the time-series SNA dynamics (r2; 0.1 ± 0.1). However, the closed-loop-spontaneous baroreflex transfer function of the peripheral arc partially matched the open-loop transfer function in gain and phase functions, and had limited but reasonable predictability of the time-series AP dynamics (r2, 0.7 ± 0.1). A numerical simulation suggested that a noise predominantly in the neural arc under resting conditions might be a possible mechanism responsible for our findings. Furthermore, the predictabilities of the neural arc transfer functions obtained in open-loop and closed-loop conditions were validated by closed-loop pharmacological (phenylephrine and nitroprusside infusions) pressure interventions. Time-series SNA responses to drug-induced AP changes predicted by the open-loop transfer function matched closely the measured responses (r2, 0.9 ± 0.1), whereas SNA responses predicted by closed-loop-spontaneous transfer function deviated greatly and were the inverse of measured responses (r, −0.8 ± 0.2). These results indicate that although the spontaneous baroreflex transfer function obtained by closed-loop analysis has been believed to represent the neural arc function, it is inappropriate for system identification of the neural arc but is essentially appropriate for the peripheral arc under resting conditions, when compared with open-loop analysis. PMID:21486839

Egalisation adaptative et non invasive de la reponse temps-frequence d'une petite salle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martin, Tristan

In this research, we are interested in sound, environment wherein it propagates, the interaction between the sound wave and a transmission channel, and the changes induced by the components of an audio chain. The specific context studied is that of listening to music on loudspeakers. For the environment in which sound wave propagates, like for any transmission channel, there are mathematical functions used to characterize the changes induced by a channel on the signal therethrough. An electric signal serves as a input for a system, in this case consisting of an amplifier, a loudspeaker, and the room where the listening takes place, which according to its characteristics, returns as an output at the listening position, an altered sound wave. Frequency response, impulse response, transfer function, the mathematics used are no different from those used commonly for the characterization of a transmission channel or the expression of the outputs of a linear system to its inputs. Naturally, there is a purpose to this modeling exercise: getting the frequency response of the amplifier/loundspeaker/room chain makes possible its equalization. It is common in many contexts of listening to find a filter inserted into the audio chain between the source (Eg CD player) and the amplifier/loudspeaker that converts the electrical signal to an acoustic signal propagated in the room. This filter, called "equalizer" is intended to compensate the frequency effect of the components of the audio chain and the room on the sound signal that will be transmitted. Properties for designing this filter are derived from those of the audio chain. Although analytically rigorous, physical approach, focusing on physical modeling of the loudspeaker and the propagation equation of the acoustic wave is ill-suited to rooms with complex geometry and changing over time. The second approach, experimental modeling, and therefore that addressed in this work, ignores physical properties. The system audio chain is rather seen as a "black box" including inputs and outputs. The problem studied is the characterization of an electro-acoustic system as having a single input signal transmitted through a speaker in a room, and a single output signal picked up by a microphone at the listening position. The originality of this work lies not only in the technique developed to arrive at this characterization, but especially in the constraints imposed in order to get there. The majority of technics documented to this date involve using excitation signals dedicated the measure; signals with favorable characteristics to simplify the calculation of the impulse response of the audio chain. Known signals are played through a loudspeaker and the room's response to excitation is captured with a microphone at the listening position. The measurement exercise itself poses problem, especially when there is an audience in the room. Also, the response of the room may change between the time of the measurement and time of listening. If the room is reconfigured for example, a curtain is pulled or the stage moved. In the case of a theater, the speaker used may vary depending on the context. A survey of work in which solutions to this problem are suggested was made. The main objective is to develop an innovative method to capture the impulse response of an audio chain without the knowledge of the audience. To do this, no signal dedicated to the measurement should be used. The developed method allows the capture of the electro-acoustic impulse response exploiting only the music signals when it comes to a concert hall or using a movie sound track when a movie is a movie theater. As a result, an algorithm for modeling dynamicly and continuously the response of a room. A finite impulse response filter acting as a digital equalizer must be designed and also able to dynamically adapt the behavior of the room, even when it varies over time. A multi spectral resolution method is used to build, for diffrent frequency bands, the filter response arising from the inversion of the room/speaker frequency response. The resulting dynamically adapting filter has properties similar to those of the human ear, a significant spectral-resolution in lower frequencies, and high time-resolution at high frequencies. The response corrected by the filter system tends approaching to a pure pulse. Techniques explored in the context of this research led to the publication of a scientific article in a peer reviewed journal and one conference paper in which similar methods were used for mining engineering applications. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

The evaluation the magnitude radiation exposure dose rate in digital radiography room design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dwiyanto, Agung; Setia Budi, Wahyu; Hardiman, Gagoek

2017-12-01

This study discusses the dose rate in digital radiography room, buit according to meet the provisions of KEMENKES No.1014 / Menkes / SK / XI / 2008 and Regulation of BAPETEN No. 8 / 2011. The provisions primary concern of radiation safety, not comfort, by considering the space design. There are five aspects to consider in designing the space: functionality, comfort, security, movement activities and aesthetics. However provisions only met three aspects of the design, which are a function, security and movement activity. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate digital radiography room in terms of its ability to control external radiation exposure to be safe and comfortable The dose rate is measured by the range of primary and secondary radiation in the observation points by using Surveymeter. All data are obtained by the preliminary survey prior to the study. Furthermore, the review of digital radiography room is done based on architectural design theory. The dose rate for recommended improvement room is recalculated using the same method as the actual room with the help of computer modeling. The result of dose rate calculation at the inner and outer part of digital radiography observation room shows that in-room dose for a week at each measuring point exceeds the allowable dose limit both for staff and public. During a week of observation, the outdoor dose at some measuring points exceeds the dose limit set by the KEMENKES No.1014 / Menkes / SK / XI / 2008 and Regulation BEPETEN No 8/2011. Meanwhile, the result of dose rate calculation in the inner and outer part of the improved digital radiography room can meet the applicable regulations better.

Photoswitching of glass transition temperatures of azobenzene-containing polymers induces reversible solid-to-liquid transitions.

PubMed

Zhou, Hongwei; Xue, Changguo; Weis, Philipp; Suzuki, Yasuhito; Huang, Shilin; Koynov, Kaloian; Auernhammer, Günter K; Berger, Rüdiger; Butt, Hans-Jürgen; Wu, Si

2017-02-01

The development of polymers with switchable glass transition temperatures (T g ) can address scientific challenges such as the healing of cracks in high-T g polymers and the processing of hard polymers at room temperature without using plasticizing solvents. Here, we demonstrate that light can switch the T g of azobenzene-containing polymers (azopolymers) and induce reversible solid-to-liquid transitions of the polymers. The azobenzene groups in the polymers exhibit reversible cis-trans photoisomerization abilities. Trans azopolymers are solids with T g above room temperature, whereas cis azopolymers are liquids with T g below room temperature. Because of the photoinduced solid-to-liquid transitions of these polymers, light can reduce the surface roughness of azopolymer films by almost 600%, repeatedly heal cracks in azopolymers, and control the adhesion of azopolymers for transfer printing. The photoswitching of T g provides a new strategy for designing healable polymers with high T g and allows for control over the mechanical properties of polymers with high spatiotemporal resolution.

Structuring Pd Nanoparticles on 2H-WS2 Nanosheets Induces Excellent Photocatalytic Activity for Cross-Coupling Reactions under Visible Light.

PubMed

Raza, Faizan; Yim, DaBin; Park, Jung Hyun; Kim, Hye-In; Jeon, Su-Ji; Kim, Jong-Ho

2017-10-18

Effective photocatalysts and their surface engineering are essential for the efficient conversion of solar energy into chemical energy in photocatalyzed organic transformations. Herein, we report an effective approach for structuring Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on exfoliated 2H-WS 2 nanosheets (WS 2 /PdNPs), resulting in hybrids with extraordinary photocatalytic activity in Suzuki reactions under visible light. Pd NPs of different sizes and densities, which can modulate the photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared WS 2 /PdNPs, were effectively structured on the basal plane of 2H-WS 2 nanosheets via a sonic wave-assisted nucleation method without any reductants at room temperature. As the size of Pd NPs on WS 2 /PdNPs increased, their photocatalytic activity in Suzuki reactions at room temperature increased substantially. In addition, it was found that protic organic solvents play a crucial role in activating WS 2 /PdNPs catalysts in photocatalyzed Suzuki reactions, although these solvents are generally considered much less effective than polar aprotic ones in the conventional Suzuki reactions promoted by heterogeneous Pd catalysts. A mechanistic investigation suggested that photogenerated holes are transferred to protic organic solvents, whereas photogenerated electrons are transferred to Pd NPs. This transfer makes the Pd NPs electron-rich and accelerates the rate-determining step, i.e., the oxidative addition of aryl halides under visible light. WS 2 /PdNPs showed the highest turnover frequency (1244 h -1 ) for photocatalyzed Suzuki reactions among previously reported photocatalysts.

Synthesis, and spectroscopic studies of charge transfer complex of 1,2-dimethylimidazole as an electron donor with π-acceptor 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol in different polar solvents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miyan, Lal; Khan, Ishaat M.; Ahmad, Afaq

2015-07-01

The charge transfer (CT) complex of 1,2-dimethylimidazole (DMI) as an electron donor with π acceptor 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol (DNN) has been studied spectrophotometrically in different solvents like chloroform, acetonitrile, methanol, methylene chloride, etc. at room temperature. The CT complex which is formed through the transfer of lone pair electrons from DMI to DNN exhibits well resolved CT bands and the regions of these bands were remarkably different from those of the donor and acceptor. The stoichiometry of the CT complex was found to be 1:1 by a straight-line method between donor and acceptor with maximum absorption bands. The novel CT complex has been characterized by FTIR, TGA-DTA, powder XRD, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques. The Benesi-Hildebrand equation has been used to determine the formation constant (KCT), molar extinction coefficient (εCT), standard gibbs free energy (ΔG°) and other physical parameters of the CT complex. The formation constant recorded higher values and molar extinction coefficient recorded lower values in chloroform compared with methylene chloride, methanol and acetonitrile, confirming the strong interaction between the molecular orbital's of donor and acceptor in the ground state in less polar solvent. This CT complex has been studied by absorption spectra of donor 1,2-dimethylimidazole (DMI) and acceptor 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol (DNN) by using the spectrophotometric technique in various solvents at room temperature.

Anterior Cingulate Cortex Contributes to Alcohol Withdrawal- Induced and Socially Transferred Hyperalgesia.

PubMed

Smith, Monique L; Walcott, Andre T; Heinricher, Mary M; Ryabinin, Andrey E

2017-01-01

Pain is often described as a "biopsychosocial" process, yet social influences on pain and underlying neural mechanisms are only now receiving significant experimental attention. Expression of pain by one individual can be communicated to nearby individuals by auditory, visual, and olfactory cues. Conversely, the perception of another's pain can lead to physiological and behavioral changes in the observer, which can include induction of hyperalgesia in "bystanders" exposed to "primary" conspecifics in which hyperalgesia has been induced directly. The current studies were designed to investigate the neural mechanisms responsible for the social transfer of hyperalgesia in bystander mice housed and tested with primary mice in which hyperalgesia was induced using withdrawal (WD) from voluntary alcohol consumption. Male C57BL/6J mice undergoing WD from a two-bottle choice voluntary alcohol-drinking procedure served as the primary mice. Mice housed in the same room served as bystanders. Naïve, water-drinking controls were housed in a separate room. Immunohistochemical mapping identified significantly enhanced Fos immunoreactivity (Fos-ir) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula (INS) of bystander mice compared to naïve controls, and in the dorsal medial hypothalamus (DMH) of primary mice. Chemogenetic inactivation of the ACC but not primary somatosensory cortex reversed the expression of hyperalgesia in both primary and bystander mice. These studies point to an overlapping neural substrate for expression of socially transferred hyperalgesia and that expressed during alcohol WD.

Transfer of function and prior derived-relations testing.

PubMed

Doughty, Adam H; Best, Lauren

2017-10-01

This experiment assessed transfer of function through equivalence relations with and without prior derived-stimulus-relations (DSR) testing. In a DSR-Testing Group, eight college students learned A-B and A-C discriminations in baseline. They then derived the B-C and C-B equivalence relations before being exposed to a transfer-of-function manipulation and test. Eight participants in a No-DSR Testing Group were exposed to the transfer-of-function manipulation and test immediately after learning the baseline discriminations (i.e., B-C and C-B testing were omitted). In the transfer-of-function manipulation, participants learned to respond differently in the presence of B1 and B2 to avoid money loss. In the transfer-of-function test, responding in the presence of C1 and C2 was measured in the absence of differential consequences. Transfer of function occurred reliably only in the DSR-Testing Group (i.e., participants responding to C1 and C2 in the manner they learned to respond to B1 and B2, respectively). These findings support the notion that prior DSR testing can be critical to observing transfer of function. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

System and method of active vibration control for an electro-mechanically cooled device

DOEpatents

Lavietes, Anthony D.; Mauger, Joseph; Anderson, Eric H.

2000-01-01

A system and method of active vibration control of an electro-mechanically cooled device is disclosed. A cryogenic cooling system is located within an environment. The cooling system is characterized by a vibration transfer function, which requires vibration transfer function coefficients. A vibration controller generates the vibration transfer function coefficients in response to various triggering events. The environments may differ by mounting apparatus, by proximity to vibration generating devices, or by temperature. The triggering event may be powering on the cooling system, reaching an operating temperature, or a reset action. A counterbalance responds to a drive signal generated by the vibration controller, based on the vibration signal and the vibration transfer function, which adjusts vibrations. The method first places a cryogenic cooling system within a first environment and then generates a first set of vibration transfer function coefficients, for a vibration transfer function of the cooling system. Next, the cryogenic cooling system is placed within a second environment and a second set of vibration transfer function coefficients are generated. Then, a counterbalance is driven, based on the vibration transfer function, to reduce vibrations received by a vibration sensitive element.

Transfer Function Identification Using Orthogonal Fourier Transform Modeling Functions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morelli, Eugene A.

2013-01-01

A method for transfer function identification, including both model structure determination and parameter estimation, was developed and demonstrated. The approach uses orthogonal modeling functions generated from frequency domain data obtained by Fourier transformation of time series data. The method was applied to simulation data to identify continuous-time transfer function models and unsteady aerodynamic models. Model fit error, estimated model parameters, and the associated uncertainties were used to show the effectiveness of the method for identifying accurate transfer function models from noisy data.

Team communication during patient handover from the operating room: more than facts and figures.

PubMed

Manser, Tanja; Foster, Simon; Flin, Rhona; Patey, Rona

2013-02-01

This study was aimed at examining team communication during postoperative handover and its relationship to clinicians' self-ratings of handover quality. Adverse events can often be traced back to inadequate communication during patient handover. Research and improvement efforts have mostly focused on the information transfer function of patient handover. However, the specific mechanisms between handover communication processes among teams of transferring and receiving clinicians and handover quality are poorly understood. We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional observation study using a taxonomy for handover behaviors developed on the basis of established approaches for analyzing teamwork in health care. Immediately after the observation, transferring and receiving clinicians rated the quality of the handover using a structured tool for handover quality assessment. Handover communication during 117 handovers in three postoperative settings and its relationship to clinicians' self-ratings of handover quality were analyzed with the use of correlation analyses and analyses of variance. We identified significantly different patterns of handover communication between clinical settings and across handover roles. Assessments provided during handover were related to higher ratings of handover quality overall and to all four dimensions of handover quality identified in this study. If assessment was lacking, we observed compensatory information seeking by the receiving team. Handover quality is more than the correct, complete transmission of patient information. Assessments, including predictions or anticipated problems, are critical to the quality of postoperative handover. The identification of communication behaviors related to high-quality handovers is necessary to effectively support the design and evaluation of handover improvement efforts.

Photoinduced electron transfer interaction of anthraquinones with aniline quenchers: Influence of methyl substitution in aniline donors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sivakumar, V.; Ponnamma, Deepalekshmi; Hussein, Yasser H. A.

2017-02-01

Photoinduced electron transfer between triplet state of 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) and its two derivatives: 2-chloro-9,10-anthraquinone (CAQ) and sodium anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS) and ground state aniline (AN) and its dimethyl substitutions: 2,3-dimethylaniline (2,3-DMA), 2,6-dimethylaniline (2,6-DMA), 3,5-dimethylaniline (3,5-DMA) and N,N-dimethylaniline (N,N-DMA) is studied using nanosecond laser flash photolysis at room temperature. Detection of radical bands of quinone anions and aniline cations along with their formation and/or decay kinetics are used to confirm the electron transfer (ET) process. In MeCN medium, AN quenches the triplet state of CAQ (CAQT) but not the triplets AQT or AQST. However in aqueous medium, AN quenches AQST and forms radical ion pair. All the DMAs can react through ET with all the triplet quinones at different degrees of efficiency in MeCN medium. Noticeably, the ring substituted DMAs are less efficient in electron donation to AQT or AQST while the N,N-DMA shows high efficiency in donating electron to all triplet quinones in MeCN medium. Charge distribution of donor molecules, in MeCN medium is calculated using density functional theory (DFT), and shows an enhancement of electron density of the ring of N,N-DMA, making it an ideal electron donor for ET studies compared to other DMAs. This systematic selection and usage of anilines with electrochemically tunable quinones can be viewed as a working model of donor-acceptor system that can be utilized in photoinduced ET applications.

The effect of working in an infection isolation room on hospital nurses' job satisfaction.

PubMed

Kagan, Ilya; Fridman, Shoshana; Shalom, Esther; Melnikov, Semyon

2018-03-01

To examine how the nature of working in a carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae infection isolation room affects nurses' job performance and job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is under intensive research as a factor in the retention of nursing staff. In a cross-sectional design study, a convenience sample of 87 registered nurses who had worked in carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolation rooms in a tertiary medical centre in Israel answered a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, t tests, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. Job satisfaction was significantly correlated with perceived knowledge of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, with personal experience of working in an isolation room and the perceived level of professional functioning. Multiple regression analysis found that the quality of the nurses' personal experience of isolation room work and their perceived level of professional functioning there explained 33% of the variance in job satisfaction. Managers need to take into account that prolonged work in isolation can negatively impinge upon both performance and job satisfaction. Managers can consider refraining from lengthy nurse assignment to the isolation room. This would also apply to other areas of nursing practice where work is performed in isolation. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Multiconfiguration Pair-Density Functional Theory Outperforms Kohn-Sham Density Functional Theory and Multireference Perturbation Theory for Ground-State and Excited-State Charge Transfer.

PubMed

Ghosh, Soumen; Sonnenberger, Andrew L; Hoyer, Chad E; Truhlar, Donald G; Gagliardi, Laura

2015-08-11

The correct description of charge transfer in ground and excited states is very important for molecular interactions, photochemistry, electrochemistry, and charge transport, but it is very challenging for Kohn-Sham (KS) density functional theory (DFT). KS-DFT exchange-correlation functionals without nonlocal exchange fail to describe both ground- and excited-state charge transfer properly. We have recently proposed a theory called multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory (MC-PDFT), which is based on a combination of multiconfiguration wave function theory with a new type of density functional called an on-top density functional. Here we have used MC-PDFT to study challenging ground- and excited-state charge-transfer processes by using on-top density functionals obtained by translating KS exchange-correlation functionals. For ground-state charge transfer, MC-PDFT performs better than either the PBE exchange-correlation functional or CASPT2 wave function theory. For excited-state charge transfer, MC-PDFT (unlike KS-DFT) shows qualitatively correct behavior at long-range with great improvement in predicted excitation energies.

Coherent or hopping like energy transfer in the chlorosome ?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nalbach, Peter

2014-08-01

Chlorosomes, as part of the light-harvesting system of green bacteria, are the largest and most efficient antennae systems in nature. We have studied energy transfer dynamics in the chlorosome in a simplified toy model employing a master equation. Dephasing and relaxation due to environmental fluctuations are included by Lindblad dephasing and Redfield thermalization rates. We find at room temperature three separate time scales, i.e. 25 fs, 250 fs and 2.5 ps and determine the according energy pathways through the hierarchical structure in the chlorosome. Quantum coherence lives up to 150 fs at which time the energy is spread over roughly 12 pigments in our model.

ARTICLES: Microwave Assisted Synthesis of a New Triplet Iridium(III) Pyrazine Complex

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Qiu-hua; Wang, Chuan-hong; Song, Xi-ming; Zhang, Guo-lin

2010-06-01

A new cyclometalated iridium(III) complex Ir(DPP)3 (DPP = 2,3-diphenylpyrazine) was prepared by reaction of DPP with iridium trichloride hydrate under microwave irradiation. The structure of the complex was confirmed by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, and mass spectroscopy. The UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescent properties of the complex were investigated. The complex shows strong 1MLCT (singlet metal to ligand charge-transfer) and 3MLCT (triplet metal to ligand charge-transfer) absorption at 382 and 504 nm, respectively. The complex also shows strong photoluminescence at 573 nm at room temperature. These results suggest the complex to be a promising phosphorescent material.

The relationship between patient functional status and environmental contamination by Clostridium difficile: a pilot study

PubMed Central

Blakney, Rebekah; Gudnadottir, Unnur; Warrack, Simone; O'Horo, John C.; Anderson, Michael; Sethi, Ajay; Schmitz, Michelle; Wang, Jennifer; Duster, Megan; Ide, Emma; Safdar, Nasia

2016-01-01

Introduction Limited data exist on patient factors related to environmental contamination with Clostridium difficile. Methods We evaluated the association between the functional status of patients with C. difficile infection (CDI) and environmental contamination with C. difficile. Results Contamination of patient rooms was frequent and higher functional status was associated with contaminated surfaces remote from the bed. All but one environmental isolates matched the corresponding patient's stool isolate for the seven patients tested. Conclusion Functional status is a factor that influences environmental contamination with C. difficile. Future studies should evaluate strategies to reduce contamination in CDI patient rooms, taking into account the patient's functional status. PMID:25869819

Computer method for identification of boiler transfer functions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miles, J. H.

1971-01-01

An iterative computer method is described for identifying boiler transfer functions using frequency response data. An objective penalized performance measure and a nonlinear minimization technique are used to cause the locus of points generated by a transfer function to resemble the locus of points obtained from frequency response measurements. Different transfer functions can be tried until a satisfactory empirical transfer function to the system is found. To illustrate the method, some examples and some results from a study of a set of data consisting of measurements of the inlet impedance of a single tube forced flow boiler with inserts are given.

Frozen Smoke

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

Under a NASA SBIR (Small Business Innovative Research) contract with Johnson Space Center, Aspen Systems developed aerogel-based superinsulation. This super-insulation is an innovative, flexible cryogenic insulation with extremely low thermal conductivity. Potential commercial uses include cryogenic applications in the transportation, storage and transfer of cryogens; near room-temperature applications such as refrigerator insulation; and elevated temperature applications such as insulations for high- temperature industrial processes and furnaces.

Compulsory Education Laws or Incentives from Conditional Cash Transfer Programs? Explaining the Rise in Secondary School Attendance Rate in Argentina

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Edo, María; Marchionni, Mariana; Garganta, Santiago

2017-01-01

Argentina has traditionally stood out in terms of educational outcomes among its Latin American counterparts. Schooling of older children, however, still shows room for improvement especially among the more vulnerable. Fortunately, during the last years a sizeable improvement in attendance rates for children aged 15 through 17 took place. This…

50 CFR 679.90 - Allocation, use, and transfer of Amendment 80 QS permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., NMFS, P.O. Box 21668, Juneau, AK 99802-1668; (ii) Fax: 907-586-7354; or (iii) Hand delivery or carrier: NMFS, Room 713, 709 West 9th Street, Juneau, AK 99801. (2) Application forms. Application forms are... Administrator, c/o Restricted Access Management Program, NMFS, P.O. Box 21668, Juneau, AK 99802-1668; (ii) Fax...

50 CFR 679.90 - Allocation, use, and transfer of Amendment 80 QS permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., NMFS, P.O. Box 21668, Juneau, AK 99802-1668; (ii) Fax: 907-586-7354; or (iii) Hand delivery or carrier: NMFS, Room 713, 709 West 9th Street, Juneau, AK 99801. (2) Application forms. Application forms are... Administrator, c/o Restricted Access Management Program, NMFS, P.O. Box 21668, Juneau, AK 99802-1668; (ii) Fax...

50 CFR 679.90 - Allocation, use, and transfer of Amendment 80 QS permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Restricted Access Management Program, NMFS, P.O. Box 21668, Juneau, AK 99802-1668; (ii) Fax: 907-586-7354; or (iii) Hand delivery or carrier: NMFS, Room 713, 709 West 9th Street, Juneau, AK 99801. (2) Application... Administrator, c/o Restricted Access Management Program, NMFS, P.O. Box 21668, Juneau, AK 99802-1668; (ii) Fax...

76 FR 19795 - Exelon Generation Company, LLC; Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station; Exemption

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-08

... Recirculation and close V-11- Motor Generator 63 and V-11-41. (MG) Set Room Elev. 23'-6''. Manually open V- 12... ``Alternate'' and operate Control Switch on Diesel Panel to start diesel). Manually re-close 6 MCC 1B32 Feeder... transfer Switches (3 total) to ``Alternate'' and operate Control Switch on Diesel Panel to start diesel...

KSC-07pd3237

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-11-06

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At NASA's Kennedy Space Center, the payload canister atop its transporter rolls toward Launch Pad 39A. The canister contains the Columbus Lab module and integrated cargo carrier-lite payloads for space shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-122. They will be transferred into the payload changeout room on the pad. Atlantis is targeted to launch on Dec. 6. Photo credit: NASA/Dimitri Gerondidakis

Theoretical assessment of the maximum obtainable power in wireless power transfer constrained by human body exposure limits in a typical room scenario.

PubMed

Chen, Xi Lin; De Santis, Valerio; Umenei, Aghuinyue Esai

2014-07-07

In this study, the maximum received power obtainable through wireless power transfer (WPT) by a small receiver (Rx) coil from a relatively large transmitter (Tx) coil is numerically estimated in the frequency range from 100 kHz to 10 MHz based on human body exposure limits. Analytical calculations were first conducted to determine the worst-case coupling between a homogeneous cylindrical phantom with a radius of 0.65 m and a Tx coil positioned 0.1 m away with the radius ranging from 0.25 to 2.5 m. Subsequently, three high-resolution anatomical models were employed to compute the peak induced field intensities with respect to various Tx coil locations and dimensions. Based on the computational results, scaling factors which correlate the cylindrical phantom and anatomical model results were derived. Next, the optimal operating frequency, at which the highest transmitter source power can be utilized without exceeding the exposure limits, is found to be around 2 MHz. Finally, a formulation is proposed to estimate the maximum obtainable power of WPT in a typical room scenario while adhering to the human body exposure compliance mandates.

Theoretical assessment of the maximum obtainable power in wireless power transfer constrained by human body exposure limits in a typical room scenario

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Xi Lin; De Santis, Valerio; Esai Umenei, Aghuinyue

2014-07-01

In this study, the maximum received power obtainable through wireless power transfer (WPT) by a small receiver (Rx) coil from a relatively large transmitter (Tx) coil is numerically estimated in the frequency range from 100 kHz to 10 MHz based on human body exposure limits. Analytical calculations were first conducted to determine the worst-case coupling between a homogeneous cylindrical phantom with a radius of 0.65 m and a Tx coil positioned 0.1 m away with the radius ranging from 0.25 to 2.5 m. Subsequently, three high-resolution anatomical models were employed to compute the peak induced field intensities with respect to various Tx coil locations and dimensions. Based on the computational results, scaling factors which correlate the cylindrical phantom and anatomical model results were derived. Next, the optimal operating frequency, at which the highest transmitter source power can be utilized without exceeding the exposure limits, is found to be around 2 MHz. Finally, a formulation is proposed to estimate the maximum obtainable power of WPT in a typical room scenario while adhering to the human body exposure compliance mandates.

Cosubstitution effect on the magnetic, transport, and thermoelectric properties of the electron-doped perovskite manganite CaMnO3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Okuda, T.; Fujii, Y.

2010-11-01

We have investigated magnetic, transport, and thermoelecric properties of polycrystalline Ca1-xSrxMn1-yMoyO3, and have tried to optimize the n-type thermoelectric response below room temperature. The Sr substitution enlarges a Mn-O-Mn bond angle and increases a crystal symmetry, which enhances one electron transfer of the electrons doped by the Mo substitution. This effect promotes the competition between correlations of a G-type antiferromagnetic (AF) order and a C-type AF order accompanying a 3d3z2-r2 orbital order, leading to the more complicated magnetic phase diagram of Ca0.75Sr0.25Mn1-yMoyO3 than that of CaMn1-yMoyO3. A subtle balance between the effects of the enhanced one electron transfer and the introduced disorder into the A(Ca)-site upon the transport properties enhances a dimensionless thermoelectric figure-of-merit ZT up to 0.03 at room temperature. However, a correlation of the 3d3z2-r2 orbital order is also promoted by the Sr substitution, which bounds a further enhancement of ZT.

Dynamics and Interactions in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids, Surfaces and Interfaces

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-01-13

OHD-OKE) experiments. The first 2D IR experiments on functionalized SiO2 planar surface monolayers of alkyl chains with a vibrational probe head group...alkyl groups lowers the temperature for crystallization below room temperature and can also result in supercooling and glass formation rather than...heterodyne detected optical Kerr effect (OHD-OKE) experiments. During the grant, we performed the first 2D IR experiments on functionalized SiO2

Functionalized Ga2O3 nanowires as active material in room temperature capacitance-based gas sensors.

PubMed

Mazeina, Lena; Perkins, F Keith; Bermudez, Victor M; Arnold, Stephen P; Prokes, S M

2010-08-17

We report the first evidence for functionalization of Ga(2)O(3) nanowires (NWs), which have been incorporated as the active material in room temperature capacitance gas-sensing devices. An adsorbed layer of pyruvic acid (PA) was successfully formed on Ga(2)O(3) NWs by simple room temperature vapor transport, which was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effect of the adsorbed PA on the surface properties was demonstrated by the change in the response of the NW gas-sensing devices. Results indicate that the adsorption of PA reduced the sensitivity of the Ga(2)O(3) NW device to common hydrocarbons such as nitromethane and acetone while improving the response to triethylamine by an order of magnitude. Taking into account the simplicity of this functionalization together with the ease of producing these capacitance-based gas-sensing devices, this approach represents a viable technique for sensor development.

FRIB Cryogenic Distribution System and Status

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ganni, V.; Dixon, K.; Laverdure, N.; Yang, S.; Nellis, T.; Jones, S.; Casagrande, F.

2015-12-01

The MSU-FRIB cryogenic distribution system supports the 2 K primary, 4 K primary, and 35 - 55 K shield operation of more than 70 loads in the accelerator and the experimental areas. It is based on JLab and SNS experience with bayonet-type disconnects between the loads and the distribution system for phased commissioning and maintenance. The linac transfer line, which features three separate transfer line segments for additional independence during phased commissioning at 4 K and 2 K, connects the folded arrangement of 49 cryomodules and 4 superconducting dipole magnets and a fourth transfer line supports the separator area cryo loads. The pressure reliefs for the transfer line process lines, located in the refrigeration room outside the tunnel/accelerator area, are piped to be vented outdoors. The transfer line designs integrate supply and return flow paths into a combined vacuum space. The main linac distribution segments are produced in a small number of standard configurations; a prototype of one such configuration has been fabricated at Jefferson Lab and has been installed at MSU to support testing of a prototype FRIB cryomodule.

Quantifying MLI Thermal Conduction in Cryogenic Applications from Experimental Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ross, R. G., Jr.

2015-12-01

Multilayer Insulation (MLI) uses stacks of low-emittance metalized sheets combined with low-conduction spacer features to greatly reduce the heat transfer to cryogenic applications from higher temperature surrounds. However, as the hot-side temperature decreases from room temperature to cryogenic temperatures, the level of radiant heat transfer drops as the fourth power of the temperature, while the heat transfer by conduction only falls off linearly. This results in cryogenic MLI being dominated by conduction, a quantity that is extremely sensitive to MLI blanket construction and very poorly quantified in the literature. To develop useful quantitative data on cryogenic blanket conduction, multilayer nonlinear heat transfer models are used to analyze extensive heat transfer data measured by Lockheed Palo Alto on their cryogenic dewar MLI and measured by JPL on their spacecraft MLI. The data-fitting aspect of the modeling allows the radiative and conductive thermal properties of the tested blankets to be explicitly quantified. Results are presented showing that MLI conductance varies by a factor of 600 between spacecraft MLI and Lockheed's best cryogenic MLI.

Maximal near-field radiative heat transfer between two plates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nefzaoui, Elyes; Ezzahri, Younès; Drévillon, Jérémie; Joulain, Karl

2013-09-01

Near-field radiative transfer is a promising way to significantly and simultaneously enhance both thermo-photovoltaic (TPV) devices power densities and efficiencies. A parametric study of Drude and Lorentz models performances in maximizing near-field radiative heat transfer between two semi-infinite planes separated by nanometric distances at room temperature is presented in this paper. Optimal parameters of these models that provide optical properties maximizing the radiative heat flux are reported and compared to real materials usually considered in similar studies, silicon carbide and heavily doped silicon in this case. Results are obtained by exact and approximate (in the extreme near-field regime and the electrostatic limit hypothesis) calculations. The two methods are compared in terms of accuracy and CPU resources consumption. Their differences are explained according to a mesoscopic description of nearfield radiative heat transfer. Finally, the frequently assumed hypothesis which states a maximal radiative heat transfer when the two semi-infinite planes are of identical materials is numerically confirmed. Its subsequent practical constraints are then discussed. Presented results enlighten relevant paths to follow in order to choose or design materials maximizing nano-TPV devices performances.

Experimental research and numerical simulation on cryogenic line chill-down process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jin, Lingxue; Cho, Hyokjin; Lee, Cheonkyu; Jeong, Sangkwon

2018-01-01

The empirical heat transfer correlations are suggested for the fast cool down process of the cryogenic transfer line from room temperature to cryogenic temperature. The correlations include the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) correlations for single-phase gas convection and film boiling regimes, minimum heat flux (MHF) temperature, critical heat flux (CHF) temperature and CHF. The correlations are obtained from the experimental measurements. The experiments are conducted on a 12.7 mm outer diameter (OD), 1.25 mm wall thickness and 7 m long stainless steel horizontal pipe with liquid nitrogen (LN2). The effect of the lengthwise position is verified by measuring the temperature profiles in near the inlet and the outlet of the transfer line. The newly suggested heat transfer correlations are applied to the one-dimensional homogeneous transient model to simulate the cryogenic line chill-down process, and the chill-down time and the cryogen consumption are well predicted in the mass flux range from 26.0 kg/m2 s to 73.6 kg/m2 s through the correlations.

Virtual environment display for a 3D audio room simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chapin, William L.; Foster, Scott H.

1992-01-01

The development of a virtual environment simulation system integrating a 3D acoustic audio model with an immersive 3D visual scene is discussed. The system complements the acoustic model and is specified to: allow the listener to freely move about the space, a room of manipulable size, shape, and audio character, while interactively relocating the sound sources; reinforce the listener's feeling of telepresence in the acoustical environment with visual and proprioceptive sensations; enhance the audio with the graphic and interactive components, rather than overwhelm or reduce it; and serve as a research testbed and technology transfer demonstration. The hardware/software design of two demonstration systems, one installed and one portable, are discussed through the development of four iterative configurations.

Virtual reality in surgical skills training.

PubMed

Palter, Vanessa N; Grantcharov, Teodor P

2010-06-01

With recent concerns regarding patient safety, and legislation regarding resident work hours, it is accepted that a certain amount of surgical skills training will transition to the surgical skills laboratory. Virtual reality offers enormous potential to enhance technical and non-technical skills training outside the operating room. Virtual-reality systems range from basic low-fidelity devices to highly complex virtual environments. These systems can act as training and assessment tools, with the learned skills effectively transferring to an analogous clinical situation. Recent developments include expanding the role of virtual reality to allow for holistic, multidisciplinary team training in simulated operating rooms, and focusing on the role of virtual reality in evidence-based surgical curriculum design. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

STS-131 Launch from Firing Room 4

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-04-05

STS131-S-050 (5 April 2010) --- NASA commentator Mike Curie and astronaut Kathryn (Kay) Hire discuss the launch of space shuttle Discovery on the STS-131 mission in the Launch Control Center's Firing Room 4 at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The seven-member STS-131 crew will deliver the multi-purpose logistics module Leonardo, filled with supplies, a new crew sleeping quarters and science racks that will be transferred to the International Space Station's laboratories. The crew also will switch out a gyroscope on the station’s truss structure, install a spare ammonia storage tank and retrieve a Japanese experiment from the station’s exterior. STS-131 is the 33rd shuttle mission to the station and the 131st shuttle mission overall.

Photoinduced electron transfer in an imidazolium ionic liquid and in its binary mixtures with water, methanol, and 2-propanol: appearance of Marcus-type of inversion.

PubMed

Sarkar, Souravi; Mandal, Sarthak; Ghatak, Chiranjib; Rao, Vishal Govind; Ghosh, Surajit; Sarkar, Nilmoni

2012-02-02

The photoinduced electron transfer (PET) reaction has been investigated in a room temperature imidazolium ionic liquid (RTIL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate ([Emim][EtSO(4)]) and also in [Emim][EtSO(4)]-co-solvents mixtures from N,N-dimethyl aniline (DMA) to different Coumarin dyes using steady state and time-resolved fluorescence quenching measurements. We have used water and methanol and 2-propanol as the cosolvents of RTILs for the PET study. On going from neat ionic liquid to the RTIL-co-solvents mixtures the electron transfer rate has been largely enhanced. In neat RTIL as well as in [Emim][EtSO(4)]-co-solvents mixtures, a Marcus type of inversion in the PET rate have been observed.

The Mycobiota of Air Inside and Outside the Meju Fermentation Room and the Origin of Meju Fungi.

PubMed

Kim, Dae-Ho; Kim, Sun-Hwa; Kwon, Soon-Wo; Lee, Jong-Kyu; Hong, Seung-Beom

2015-09-01

The fungi on Meju are known to play an important role as degrader of macromolecule of soybeans. In order to elucidate the origin of fungi on traditional Meju, mycobiota of the air both inside and outside traditional Meju fermentation rooms was examined. From 11 samples of air collected from inside and outside of 7 Meju fermentation rooms, 37 genera and 90 species of fungi were identified. In outside air of the fermentation room, Cladosporium sp. and Cladosporium cladosporioides were the dominant species, followed by Cladosporium tenuissimum, Eurotium sp., Phoma sp., Sistotrema brinkmannii, Alternaria sp., Aspergillus fumigatus, Schizophyllum commune, and Penicillium glabrum. In inside air of the fermentation room, Cladosporium sp., Aspergillus oryzae, Penicillium chrysogenum, Asp. nidulans, Aspergillus sp., Cla. cladosporioides, Eurotium sp., Penicillium sp., Cla. tenuissimum, Asp. niger, Eur. herbariorum, Asp. sydowii, and Eur. repens were collected with high frequency. The concentrations of the genera Aspergillus, Eurotium, and Penicillium were significantly higher in inside air than outside air. From this result and those of previous reports, the origin of fungi present on Meju was inferred. Of the dominant fungal species present on Meju, Lichtheimia ramosa, Mucor circinelloides, Mucor racemosus, and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis are thought to be originated from outside air, because these species are not or are rarely isolated from rice straw and soybean; however, they were detected outside air of fermentation room and are species commonly found in indoor environments. However, Asp. oryzae, Pen. polonicum, Eur. repens, Pen. solitum, and Eur. chevalieri, which are frequently found on Meju, are common in rice straw and could be transferred from rice straw to Meju. The fungi grow and produce abundant spores during Meju fermentation, and after the spores accumulate in the air of fermentation room, they could influence mycobiota of Meju fermentation in the following year. This could explain why concentrations of the genera Aspergillus, Eurotium, and Penicillium are much higher inside than outside of the fermentation rooms.

The Mycobiota of Air Inside and Outside the Meju Fermentation Room and the Origin of Meju Fungi

PubMed Central

Kim, Dae-Ho; Kim, Sun-Hwa; Kwon, Soon-wo; Lee, Jong-Kyu

2015-01-01

The fungi on Meju are known to play an important role as degrader of macromolecule of soybeans. In order to elucidate the origin of fungi on traditional Meju, mycobiota of the air both inside and outside traditional Meju fermentation rooms was examined. From 11 samples of air collected from inside and outside of 7 Meju fermentation rooms, 37 genera and 90 species of fungi were identified. In outside air of the fermentation room, Cladosporium sp. and Cladosporium cladosporioides were the dominant species, followed by Cladosporium tenuissimum, Eurotium sp., Phoma sp., Sistotrema brinkmannii, Alternaria sp., Aspergillus fumigatus, Schizophyllum commune, and Penicillium glabrum. In inside air of the fermentation room, Cladosporium sp., Aspergillus oryzae, Penicillium chrysogenum, Asp. nidulans, Aspergillus sp., Cla. cladosporioides, Eurotium sp., Penicillium sp., Cla. tenuissimum, Asp. niger, Eur. herbariorum, Asp. sydowii, and Eur. repens were collected with high frequency. The concentrations of the genera Aspergillus, Eurotium, and Penicillium were significantly higher in inside air than outside air. From this result and those of previous reports, the origin of fungi present on Meju was inferred. Of the dominant fungal species present on Meju, Lichtheimia ramosa, Mucor circinelloides, Mucor racemosus, and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis are thought to be originated from outside air, because these species are not or are rarely isolated from rice straw and soybean; however, they were detected outside air of fermentation room and are species commonly found in indoor environments. However, Asp. oryzae, Pen. polonicum, Eur. repens, Pen. solitum, and Eur. chevalieri, which are frequently found on Meju, are common in rice straw and could be transferred from rice straw to Meju. The fungi grow and produce abundant spores during Meju fermentation, and after the spores accumulate in the air of fermentation room, they could influence mycobiota of Meju fermentation in the following year. This could explain why concentrations of the genera Aspergillus, Eurotium, and Penicillium are much higher inside than outside of the fermentation rooms. PMID:26539041

Unconstrained Respiration Measurement and Respiratory Arrest Detection Method by Dynamic Threshold in Transferring Patients by Stretchers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kurihara, Yosuke; Watanabe, Kajiro; Kobayashi, Kazuyuki; Tanaka, Hiroshi

General anesthesia used for surgical operations may cause unstable conditions of the patients after the operations, which could lead to respiratory arrests. Under such circumstances, nurses could fail in finding the change of the conditions, and other malpractices could also occur. It is highly possible that such malpractices may occur while transferring a patient from ICU to the room using a stretcher. Monitoring the change in the blood oxygen saturation concentration and other vital signs to detect a respiratory arrest is not easy when transferring a patient on a stretcher. Here we present several noise reduction system and algorithm to detect respiratory arrests in transferring a patient, based on the unconstrained air pressure method that the authors presented previously. As the result, when the acceleration level of the stretcher noise was 0.5G, the respiratory arrest detection ratio using this novel method was 65%, while that with the conventional method was 0%.

Thermal analysis of insulated north-wall greenhouse with solar collector under passive mode

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chauhan, Prashant Singh; Kumar, Anil

2018-04-01

An insulated north wall greenhouse dryer has been fabricated and tested for no-load condition under passive mode. Testing has been conducted in two different cases. Case-I is considered for solar collector kept inside the dryer and Case-II is dryer without solar collector. Convective heat transfer coefficient and various heat transfer dimensionless numbers with have been calculated for thermal analysis. The maximum convective heat transfer coefficient is found 52.18 W/m2°C at 14 h during the first day for Case-I. The difference of the highest convective heat transfer coefficient of both cases was 8.34 W/m2°C. Net heat gain inside room curves are uniform and smooth for Case-I, which shows the steady heat generation process due to presence of solar collector inside the dryer. Above results depicts the effectiveness of solar collector and insulated north wall. The selection of suitable crop for drying can be done by analysing article's result.

Spectrophotometric and spectroscopic studies of charge transfer complex of 1-Naphthylamine as an electron donor with picric acid as an electron acceptor in different polar solvents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, Neeti; Ahmad, Afaq

2010-08-01

The charge transfer complex of 1-Naphthylamine as a donor with π-acceptor picric acid has been studied spectrophotometrically in different solvents at room temperature. The results indicate that the formation of charge transfer complex is high in less polar solvent. The stoichiometry of the complex was found to be 1:1 by straight line method. The data are analysed in terms of formation constant ( KCT), molar extinction coefficient ( ɛCT), standard free energy (Δ G o), oscillator strength ( ƒ), transition dipole moment ( μ EN), resonance energy ( R N) and ionization potential ( I D). It is concluded that the formation constant ( KCT) of the complex is found to be depends upon the nature of both electron acceptor and donor and also on the polarity of solvents. Further the charge transfer molecular complex between picric acid and 1-Naphthylamine is stabilized by hydrogen bonding.

Transition Room Program, 1967 Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glassner, Leonard E.

The Transition Room Program of the Pittsburgh Schools was defined and evaluated by the staff, the administration, and a program evaluator from the Office of Research. The definition included general objectives, anticipated outcomes, student criteria and characteristics, staff qualifications and functions, media, student activities, and staff…

Consistent Parameter and Transfer Function Estimation using Context Free Grammars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klotz, Daniel; Herrnegger, Mathew; Schulz, Karsten

2017-04-01

This contribution presents a method for the inference of transfer functions for rainfall-runoff models. Here, transfer functions are defined as parametrized (functional) relationships between a set of spatial predictors (e.g. elevation, slope or soil texture) and model parameters. They are ultimately used for estimation of consistent, spatially distributed model parameters from a limited amount of lumped global parameters. Additionally, they provide a straightforward method for parameter extrapolation from one set of basins to another and can even be used to derive parameterizations for multi-scale models [see: Samaniego et al., 2010]. Yet, currently an actual knowledge of the transfer functions is often implicitly assumed. As a matter of fact, for most cases these hypothesized transfer functions can rarely be measured and often remain unknown. Therefore, this contribution presents a general method for the concurrent estimation of the structure of transfer functions and their respective (global) parameters. Note, that by consequence an estimation of the distributed parameters of the rainfall-runoff model is also undertaken. The method combines two steps to achieve this. The first generates different possible transfer functions. The second then estimates the respective global transfer function parameters. The structural estimation of the transfer functions is based on the context free grammar concept. Chomsky first introduced context free grammars in linguistics [Chomsky, 1956]. Since then, they have been widely applied in computer science. But, to the knowledge of the authors, they have so far not been used in hydrology. Therefore, the contribution gives an introduction to context free grammars and shows how they can be constructed and used for the structural inference of transfer functions. This is enabled by new methods from evolutionary computation, such as grammatical evolution [O'Neill, 2001], which make it possible to exploit the constructed grammar as a search space for equations. The parametrization of the transfer functions is then achieved through a second optimization routine. The contribution explores different aspects of the described procedure through a set of experiments. These experiments can be divided into three categories: (1) The inference of transfer functions from directly measurable parameters; (2) The estimation of global parameters for given transfer functions from runoff data; and (3) The estimation of sets of completely unknown transfer functions from runoff data. The conducted tests reveal different potentials and limits of the procedure. In concrete it is shown that example (1) and (2) work remarkably well. Example (3) is much more dependent on the setup. In general, it can be said that in that case much more data is needed to derive transfer function estimations, even for simple models and setups. References: - Chomsky, N. (1956): Three Models for the Description of Language. IT IRETr. 2(3), p 113-124 - O'Neil, M. (2001): Grammatical Evolution. IEEE ToEC, Vol.5, No. 4 - Samaniego, L.; Kumar, R.; Attinger, S. (2010): Multiscale parameter regionalization of a grid-based hydrologic model at the mesoscale. WWR, Vol. 46, W05523, doi:10.1029/2008WR007327

Artificial Neural Network with Hardware Training and Hardware Refresh

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Duong, Tuan A. (Inventor)

2003-01-01

A neural network circuit is provided having a plurality of circuits capable of charge storage. Also provided is a plurality of circuits each coupled to at least one of the plurality of charge storage circuits and constructed to generate an output in accordance with a neuron transfer function. Each of a plurality of circuits is coupled to one of the plurality of neuron transfer function circuits and constructed to generate a derivative of the output. A weight update circuit updates the charge storage circuits based upon output from the plurality of transfer function circuits and output from the plurality of derivative circuits. In preferred embodiments, separate training and validation networks share the same set of charge storage circuits and may operate concurrently. The validation network has a separate transfer function circuits each being coupled to the charge storage circuits so as to replicate the training network s coupling of the plurality of charge storage to the plurality of transfer function circuits. The plurality of transfer function circuits may be constructed each having a transconductance amplifier providing differential currents combined to provide an output in accordance with a transfer function. The derivative circuits may have a circuit constructed to generate a biased differential currents combined so as to provide the derivative of the transfer function.

The acoustic response of rooms with open windows to airborne sounds.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vaidya, P. G.

1972-01-01

The objective of the work described in this and the companion paper was to establish a theory for predicting the sound field generated in a room by a sonic boom incident on an open window. In this paper, some basic theoretical results are presented. First, the case of a normally incident harmonic wave was considered. Expressions for the pressure field were obtained by viewing the room as a terminated duct and by using a Green function method. The concept of mode excitation distribution functions was formulated and used to match the boundary conditions. This concept has been extended for oblique incidence. A modified form of Laplace transform technique was used to obtain expressions in the time domain for transient signals.

Identification of boiler inlet transfer functions and estimation of system parameters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miles, J. H.

1972-01-01

An iterative computer method is described for identifying boiler transfer functions using frequency response data. An objective penalized performance measure and a nonlinear minimization technique are used to cause the locus of points generated by a transfer function to resemble the locus of points obtained from frequency response measurements. Different transfer functions can be tried until a satisfactory empirical transfer function of the system is found. To illustrate the method, some examples and some results from a study of a set of data consisting of measurements of the inlet impedance of a single tube forced flow boiler with inserts are given.

Rhodium-catalyzed C-H alkynylation of arenes at room temperature.

PubMed

Feng, Chao; Loh, Teck-Peng

2014-03-03

The rhodium(III)-catalyzed ortho C-H alkynylation of non-electronically activated arenes is disclosed. This process features a straightforward and highly effective protocol for the synthesis of functionalized alkynes and represents the first example of merging a hypervalent iodine reagent with rhodium(III) catalysis. Notably, this reaction proceeds at room temperature, tolerates a variety of functional groups, and more importantly, exhibits high selectivity for monoalkynylation. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Friendliness, functionality and freedom: Design characteristics that support midwifery practice in the hospital setting.

PubMed

Hammond, Athena; Homer, Caroline S E; Foureur, Maralyn

2017-07-01

to identify and describe the design characteristics of hospital birth rooms that support midwives and their practice. this study used a qualitative exploratory descriptive methodology underpinned by the theoretical approach of critical realism. Data was collected through 21 in-depth, face-to-face photo-elicitation interviews and a thematic analysis guided by study objectives and the aims of exploratory research was undertaken. the study was set at a recently renovated tertiary hospital in a large Australian city. participants were 16 registered midwives working in a tertiary hospital; seven in delivery suite and nine in birth centre settings. Experience as a midwife ranged from three to 39 years and the sample included midwives in diverse roles such as educator, student support and unit manager. three design characteristics were identified that supported midwifery practice. They were friendliness, functionality and freedom. Friendly rooms reduced stress and increased midwives' feelings of safety. Functional rooms enabled choice and provided options to better meet the needs of labouring women. And freedom allowed for flexible, spontaneous and responsive midwifery practice. hospital birth rooms that possess the characteristics of friendliness, functionality and freedom offer enhanced support for midwives and may therefore increase effective care provision. new and existing birth rooms can be designed or adapted to better support the wellbeing and effectiveness of midwives and may thereby enhance the quality of midwifery care delivered in the hospital. Quality midwifery care is associated with positive outcomes and experiences for labouring women. Further research is required to investigate the benefit that may be transmitted to women by implementing design intended to support and enhance midwifery practice. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Quiet Room: A Cyber-Free Haven in the Community Library.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacob, Bernard; Morphew, Carol

1997-01-01

Because community libraries are becoming centers of suburban and "exurban" activity, quiet study rooms are being constructed for customers intent on concentrated study. Discusses functional (size, location, furniture) and physical (acoustic, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, lighting, electronic support) considerations of quiet…

Computer method for identification of boiler transfer functions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miles, J. H.

1972-01-01

Iterative computer aided procedure was developed which provides for identification of boiler transfer functions using frequency response data. Method uses frequency response data to obtain satisfactory transfer function for both high and low vapor exit quality data.

Proceedings and findings of the 1976 Workshop on Ride Quality. [passenger acceptance of transportation systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kuhlthau, A. R. (Editor)

1976-01-01

The workshop was organized around the study of the three basic transfer functions required to evaluate and/or predict passenger acceptance of transportation systems: These are the vehicle, passenger, and value transfer functions. For the purpose of establishing working groups corresponding to the basic transfer functions, it was decided to split the vehicle transfer function into two distinct groups studying surface vehicles and air/marine vehicles, respectively.

Refrigeration and cryopreservation of platelets differentially affect platelet metabolism and function: a comparison with conventional platelet storage conditions.

PubMed

Johnson, Lacey; Tan, Shereen; Wood, Ben; Davis, April; Marks, Denese C

2016-07-01

Alternatives to room temperature storage of platelets (PLTs) may be beneficial to extend the limited shelf life and support transfusion logistics in rural and military areas. The aim of this study was to assess the morphologic, metabolic, and functional aspects of PLTs stored at room temperature or in refrigerated conditions or cryopreserved. A three-arm pool-and-split study was carried out using buffy coat-derived PLTs stored in 30% plasma/70% SSP+. The three matched treatment arms were room temperature stored (20-24°C), cold-stored (2-6°C), and cryopreserved (-80°C with dimethyl sulfoxide). Liquid-stored PLTs were tested over a 21-day period, while cryopreserved PLTs were examined immediately after thawing and after 6 and 24 hours of storage at room temperature. Cold-stored and cryopreserved PLTs underwent a significant shape change, although the cryopreserved PLTs appeared to recover from this during subsequent storage. Glycolytic metabolism was reduced in cold-stored PLTs, but accelerated in cryopreserved PLTs, while oxidative phosphorylation was negatively affected by both storage conditions. PLT aggregation was potentiated by cold storage and diminished by cryopreservation in comparison to room temperature-stored PLTs. Cold storage and cryopreservation resulted in faster clot formation (R-time; thromboelastography), which was associated with an increase in microparticles. Cold storage and cryopreservation of PLTs led to morphologic and metabolic changes. However, storage under these conditions appears to maintain or even enhance certain aspects of in vitro PLT function. © 2016 AABB.

Status quo and current trends of operating room management in Germany.

PubMed

Baumgart, André; Schüpfer, Guido; Welker, Andreas; Bender, Hans-Joachim; Schleppers, Alexander

2010-04-01

Ongoing healthcare reforms in Germany have required strenuous efforts to adapt hospital and operating room organizations to the needs of patients, new technological developments, and social and economic demands. This review addresses the major developments in German operating room management research and current practice. The introduction of the diagnosis-related group system in 2003 has changed the incentive structure of German hospitals to redesign their operating room units. The role of operating room managers has been gradually changing in hospitals in response to the change in the reimbursement system. Operating room managers are today specifically qualified and increasingly externally hired staff. They are more and more empowered with authority to plan and control operating rooms as profit centers. For measuring performance, common perioperative performance indicators are still scarcely implemented in German hospitals. In 2008, a concerted time glossary was established to enable consistent monitoring of operating room performance with generally accepted process indicators. These key performance indicators are a consistent way to make a procedure or case - and also the effectiveness of the operating room management - more transparent. In the presence of increasing financial pressure, a hospital's executives need to empower an independent operating room management function to achieve the hospital's economic goals. Operating room managers need to adopt evidence-based methods also from other scientific fields, for example management science and information technology, to further sustain operating room performance.

Batch Fabrication of Ultrasensitive Carbon Nanotube Hydrogen Sensors with Sub-ppm Detection Limit.

PubMed

Xiao, Mengmeng; Liang, Shibo; Han, Jie; Zhong, Donglai; Liu, Jingxia; Zhang, Zhiyong; Peng, Lianmao

2018-04-27

Carbon nanotube (CNT) has been considered as an ideal channel material for building highly sensitive gas sensors. However, the reported H 2 sensors based on CNT always suffered from the low sensitivity or low production. We developed the technology to massively fabricate ultra-highly sensitive H 2 sensors based on solution derived CNT network through comprehensive optimization of the CNT material, device structure, and fabrication process. In the H 2 sensors, high semiconducting purity solution-derived CNT film sorted by poly[9-(1-octylonoyl)-9 H-carbazole-2,7-diyl](PCz) is used as the main channel, which is decorated with Pd nanoparticles as functionalization for capturing H 2 . Meanwhile, Ti contacts are used to form a Schottky barrier for enhancing transferred charge-induced resistance change, and then a response of resistance change by 3 orders of magnitude is achieved at room temperature under the concentration of ∼311 ppm with a very fast response time of approximately 7 s and a detection limit of 890 ppb, which is the highest response to date for CNT H 2 sensors and the very first time to show the sub-ppm detection for H 2 at room temperature. Furthermore, the detection limit concentration can be improved to 89 ppb at 100 °C. The batch fabrication of CNT film H 2 sensors with ultra-high sensitivity and high uniformity is ready to promote CNT devices to application for the first time in some specialized field.

5 CFR 351.302 - Transfer of employees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... is not identified with an operating function specifically authorized at the time of transfer to... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Transfer of employees. 351.302 Section... FORCE Transfer of Function § 351.302 Transfer of employees. (a) Before a reduction in force is made in...

5 CFR 351.302 - Transfer of employees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... is not identified with an operating function specifically authorized at the time of transfer to... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Transfer of employees. 351.302 Section... FORCE Transfer of Function § 351.302 Transfer of employees. (a) Before a reduction in force is made in...

5 CFR 351.302 - Transfer of employees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... is not identified with an operating function specifically authorized at the time of transfer to... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Transfer of employees. 351.302 Section... FORCE Transfer of Function § 351.302 Transfer of employees. (a) Before a reduction in force is made in...

5 CFR 351.302 - Transfer of employees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... is not identified with an operating function specifically authorized at the time of transfer to... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Transfer of employees. 351.302 Section... FORCE Transfer of Function § 351.302 Transfer of employees. (a) Before a reduction in force is made in...

5 CFR 351.302 - Transfer of employees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... is not identified with an operating function specifically authorized at the time of transfer to... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Transfer of employees. 351.302 Section... FORCE Transfer of Function § 351.302 Transfer of employees. (a) Before a reduction in force is made in...

Introducing the Use of a Semi-Structured Video Diary Room to Investigate Students' Learning Experiences during an Outdoor Adventure Education Groupwork Skills Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cooley, Sam J.; Holland, Mark J.; Cumming, Jennifer; Novakovic, Emily G.; Burns, Victoria E.

2014-01-01

Outdoor adventure education courses are used in higher education to develop transferable skills such as groupwork and problem-solving skills. There is a need for exploratory investigation into students' perceptions of this experience. This study aimed to develop an innovative qualitative data collection method, and to use it to explore…

Oral Interaction in Task-Based EFL Learning: The Use of the L1 as a Cognitive Tool

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

de la Colina, Ana Alegria; Mayo, Maria del Pilar Garcia

2009-01-01

The role of the first language (L1) in the learning of a second language (L2) has been widely studied as a source of cross-linguistic influence from the native system (Gass and Selinker, "Language Transfer in Language Learning," John Benjamins, 1992). Yet, this perspective provides no room for an understanding of language as a cognitive tool…

Local Displacements and Load Transfer of Shape Memory Alloys in Polymeric Matrices

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-01-01

plane displacements of room temperature cured SMA ribbon composites were obtained using moiré interferometry. Displacements due to thermal expansion ...141 Figure 6.10 Displacement profiles along SMA ribbon or different values of the coefficient of thermal expansion ...greater importance in polymer composites, which can have large coefficients of thermal expansion . Further, there is also a lack of experimental data

Radio Frequency Simulation System (RFSS) Capabilities Summary

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-04-01

rooms to facilitate data transfer 1977 Addition of radome boresight positioner. 1977 Target array real-time display. 1977 Two additional targets, two ECK ...tabLes on the Datacraft. 28 The RFSS ECK capability is extremely diverse. Either denial or deceptive jamming techniques can be simulated with prerent...DDC-TCA 2 Development Activity Cameron Station Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027 Alexandria, Virginia 22314 Commander Commander US Army Frankford

Disease model: a simplified approach for analysis and management of human error: a quality improvement study.

PubMed

Ahmad-Sabry, Mohammad H I

2015-04-01

During 6 weeks, we had 4 incidents of echocardiography machine malfunction. There were 3 in the operating room, which were damaged due to intravenous (IV) fluid spillage over the keyboard of the machine leading to burning of the keyboard electric connection, and 1 in the cardiology department, which was damagaed due to spillage of coffee on it. The malfunction had an economic impact on the hospital (about $ 20,000) in addition to the nonavailability of the ultrasound (US) machine for the cardiac patient after the incident till the end of the case and for consequent cases till the fixation of the machine. We undertook an analysis of the incidents using simplified approach. The first incident happened when changing an empty IV fluid bag for a full one led to spillage of some fluid onto the keyboard. The second incidence was due to the use of needle to depressurize a medication bottle for continuous IV drip, and the third event was due to disconnection of the IV set from the bottle during transfer of the patient from operation room to intensive care unit. The fundamental problem is of course that fluid is harmful to the US machine. In addition, the machines are in a position between the patient bed and anesthesia machine. This means that IV pulls are on each side of the patient bed, which makes the machine vulnerable to fluid spillage. We considered a machine modification, to create a protective cover, but this was hindered by complexity of keyboard of the US machine, technical and financial challenges, and the time it would take to achieve. Second, we considered the creation of a protocol, with putting the machine in a position where no IV pulls are around and transferring the machine out of the room when transferring the patient will endanger the machine by the IV fluid. Third, changing of human behavior; to do this, we announced the protocol in our anesthesia conference to make it known to each and every one. We taught residents, fellows, and staff about the new protocol.Our simplified approach was effective for the prevention of fluid spillage over the US machine.

Identifying Variability in Mental Models Within and Between Disciplines Caring for the Cardiac Surgical Patient.

PubMed

Brown, Evans K H; Harder, Kathleen A; Apostolidou, Ioanna; Wahr, Joyce A; Shook, Douglas C; Farivar, R Saeid; Perry, Tjorvi E; Konia, Mojca R

2017-07-01

The cardiac operating room is a complex environment requiring efficient and effective communication between multiple disciplines. The objectives of this study were to identify and rank critical time points during the perioperative care of cardiac surgical patients, and to assess variability in responses, as a correlate of a shared mental model, regarding the importance of these time points between and within disciplines. Using Delphi technique methodology, panelists from 3 institutions were tasked with developing a list of critical time points, which were subsequently assigned to pause point (PP) categories. Panelists then rated these PPs on a 100-point visual analog scale. Descriptive statistics were expressed as percentages, medians, and interquartile ranges (IQRs). We defined low response variability between panelists as an IQR ≤ 20, moderate response variability as an IQR > 20 and ≤ 40, and high response variability as an IQR > 40. Panelists identified a total of 12 PPs. The PPs identified by the highest number of panelists were (1) before surgical incision, (2) before aortic cannulation, (3) before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) initiation, (4) before CPB separation, and (5) at time of transfer of care from operating room (OR) to intensive care unit (ICU) staff. There was low variability among panelists' ratings of the PP "before surgical incision," moderate response variability for the PPs "before separation from CPB," "before transfer from OR table to bed," and "at time of transfer of care from OR to ICU staff," and high response variability for the remaining 8 PPs. In addition, the perceived importance of each of these PPs varies between disciplines and between institutions. Cardiac surgical providers recognize distinct critical time points during cardiac surgery. However, there is a high degree of variability within and between disciplines as to the importance of these times, suggesting an absence of a shared mental model among disciplines caring for cardiac surgical patients during the perioperative period. A lack of a shared mental model could be one of the factors contributing to preventable errors in cardiac operating rooms.

A Dedicated Satellite Trauma Orthopaedic Program Operating Room Safely Increases Capacity.

PubMed

Waters, Peter M; Yang, Brian W; White, Doreen; Barth, Ellen; Chiang, Vincent; Mizrahi-Arnaud, Arielle; Sparks, William

2018-05-16

Providing high-value care for urgent orthopaedic trauma patients requires effective and timely treatment. Herein, we describe the implementation of an innovative program utilizing the operating room (OR) capacity of a satellite campus to decrease stress on a pediatric tertiary care center without jeopardizing patient safety. In addition to the daily emergency surgical room on the main campus, a dedicated orthopaedic trauma surgery OR was established in a satellite hospital location for 3 days per week in the summer and for 2 days per week for the rest of the year. Nonemergency, non-multitrauma operative fracture cases presenting to our tertiary care facility emergency department or orthopaedic clinic were considered for satellite referral. Eligible patients required clearance for transfer via orthopaedic, emergency department, and anesthesia checklists. An opt-out policy was established for provider judgment or patient family concern to overrule transfer decisions. Selected patients were discharged home with satellite OR scheduling or approved for same-day satellite location admission. Short elective cases were performed when openings existed in the schedule. From June 1, 2016, through June 30, 2017, 480 cases (372 trauma, 108 elective) were completed in our satellite OR. The most common trauma cases that were treated in the satellite OR were type-II supracondylar humeral fractures (n = 76). Summer months averaged 41.75 trauma cases and 11.25 elective cases per month, with 3.15 trauma cases and 0.85 elective cases per day. Nonsummer months averaged 22.78 trauma cases and 7.00 elective cases per month, with 2.93 trauma and 0.90 elective cases per day. Of the 17 postoperative issues, the greatest number (n = 7 [41%]) involved symptomatic hardware. The remaining complications were not surgeon or geographic-site-specific. There were no intraoperative complications, compartment syndrome episodes, or patients who required transfer back to our tertiary care facility for unexpected or serious medical issues. With the proper screening protocols in place for appropriate patient selection, the use of a dedicated satellite orthopaedic trauma OR can increase capacity without compromising patient safety.

Heat transfer capability of solar radiation in colored roof and influence on room thermal comfort

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Syuhada, Ahmad; Maulana, Muhammad Ilham

2018-02-01

Colored zinc is the most widely used by people in Indonesia as the roof of the building. Each color has different heat absorption capability, the higher the absorption capacity of a roof will cause high room temperature. A high temperature in the room will cause the room is not thermally comfortable for activity. Lack of public knowledge about the ability of each color to absorb heat can cause errors in choosing the color of the roof of the building so that it becomes uncomfortable regarding thermal comfort. This study examined how big the ability of each color in influencing the heat absorption on the roof of the zinc. The purpose of this study is to examine which colors are the lowest to absorb radiation heat. This research used theexperimental method. Data collected by measuring the temperature of the environment above and below the colored tin roof, starting at 11:00 am until 15:00 pm. The zinc roofs tested in this study are zinc black, red zinc, green zinc, blue zinc, brown zinc, maroon zinc, orange zinc, zinc gray, zinc color chrome and zinc white color. The study results show that black and blackish colors will absorb more heat than other colors. While the color white or close to whitish color will absorb a slight heat.

Reverberant acoustic energy in auditoria that comprise systems of coupled rooms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Summers, Jason E.

2003-11-01

A frequency-dependent model for reverberant energy in coupled rooms is developed and compared with measurements for a 1:10 scale model and for Bass Hall, Ft. Worth, TX. At high frequencies, prior statistical-acoustics models are improved by geometrical-acoustics corrections for decay within sub-rooms and for energy transfer between sub-rooms. Comparisons of computational geometrical acoustics predictions based on beam-axis tracing with scale model measurements indicate errors resulting from tail-correction assuming constant quadratic growth of reflection density. Using ray tracing in the late part corrects this error. For mid-frequencies, the models are modified to account for wave effects at coupling apertures by including power transmission coefficients. Similarly, statical-acoustics models are improved through more accurate estimates of power transmission measurements. Scale model measurements are in accord with the predicted behavior. The edge-diffraction model is adapted to study transmission through apertures. Multiple-order scattering is theoretically and experimentally shown inaccurate due to neglect of slope diffraction. At low frequencies, perturbation models qualitatively explain scale model measurements. Measurements confirm relation of coupling strength to unperturbed pressure distribution on coupling surfaces. Measurements in Bass Hall exhibit effects of the coupled stage house. High frequency predictions of statistical acoustics and geometrical acoustics models and predictions of coupling apertures all agree with measurements.

Laparoscopic assistance by operating room nurses: Results of a virtual-reality study.

PubMed

Paschold, M; Huber, T; Maedge, S; Zeissig, S R; Lang, H; Kneist, W

2017-04-01

Laparoscopic assistance is often entrusted to a less experienced resident, medical student, or operating room nurse. Data regarding laparoscopic training for operating room nurses are not available. The aim of the study was to analyse the initial performance level and learning curves of operating room nurses in basic laparoscopic surgery compared with medical students and surgical residents to determine their ability to assist with this type of procedure. The study was designed to compare the initial virtual reality performance level and learning curves of user groups to analyse competence in laparoscopic assistance. The study subjects were operating room nurses, medical students, and first year residents. Participants performed three validated tasks (camera navigation, peg transfer, fine dissection) on a virtual reality laparoscopic simulator three times in 3 consecutive days. Laparoscopic experts were enrolled as a control group. Participants filled out questionnaires before and after the course. Nurses and students were comparable in their initial performance (p>0.05). Residents performed better in camera navigation than students and nurses and reached the expert level for this task. Residents, students, and nurses had comparable bimanual skills throughout the study; while, experts performed significantly better in bimanual manoeuvres at all times (p<0.05). The included user groups had comparable skills for bimanual tasks. Residents with limited experience reached the expert level in camera navigation. With training, nurses, students, and first year residents are equally capable of assisting in basic laparoscopic procedures. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) in the emergency room. Is it suitable as an SOP?].

PubMed

Shafizadeh, S; Tjardes, T; Steinhausen, E; Balke, M; Paffrath, T; Bouillon, B; Bäthis, H

2010-08-01

There is clinical evidence that a standardized management of trauma patients in the emergency room improves outcome. ATLS is a training course that teaches a systematic approach to the trauma patient in the emergency room. The aims are a rapid and accurate assessment of the patient's physiologic status, treatment according to priorities, and making decisions on whether the local resources are sufficient for adequate definitive treatment of the patient or if transfer to a trauma center is necessary. Above all it is important to prevent secondary injury, to realize timing as a relevant factor in the initial treatment, and to assure a high standard of care. A standard operating procedure (SOP) exactly regulates the approach to trauma patients and determines the responsibilities of the involved faculties. An SOP moreover incorporates the organizational structure in the treatment of trauma patients as well as the necessary technical equipment and staff requirements. To optimize process and result quality, priorities are in the fields of medical fundamentals of trauma care, education, and fault management. SOPs and training courses increase the process and result quality in the treatment of the trauma patient in the emergency room. These programs should be based on the special demands of the physiology of the trauma as well as the structural specifics of the hospital. ATLS does not equal an SOP but it qualifies as a standardized concept for management of trauma patients in the emergency room.

Effect of interior door position on room-to-room differences in residential pollutant concentrations after short-term releases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferro, Andrea R.; Klepeis, Neil E.; Ott, Wayne R.; Nazaroff, William W.; Hildemann, Lynn M.; Switzer, Paul

Residential interior door positions influence the pollutant concentrations that result from short-term indoor sources, such as cigarettes, candles, and incense. To elucidate this influence, we reviewed past studies and conducted new experiments in three residences: a single-story 714 m 3 ranch-style house, a 510 m 3 two-story split-level house, and a 200 m 3 two-story house. During the experiments, we released sulfur hexafluoride or carbon monoxide tracer gas over short periods (≤30 min) and measured concentrations in the source room and at least one other (receptor) room for various interior door opening positions. We found that closing a door between rooms effectively prevented transport of air pollutants, reducing the average concentration in the receptor room relative to the source room by 57-100% over exposure periods of 1-8 h. When intervening doors were partially or fully open, the reduction in average concentrations ranged from 3% to 99%, varying as a function of door opening width and the distance between source and receptor rooms.

Nerve transfers in tetraplegia I: Background and technique

PubMed Central

Brown, Justin M.

2011-01-01

Background: The recovery of hand function is consistently rated as the highest priority for persons with tetraplegia. Recovering even partial arm and hand function can have an enormous impact on independence and quality of life of an individual. Currently, tendon transfers are the accepted modality for improving hand function. In this procedure, the distal end of a functional muscle is cut and reattached at the insertion site of a nonfunctional muscle. The tendon transfer sacrifices the function at a lesser location to provide function at a more important location. Nerve transfers are conceptually similar to tendon transfers and involve cutting and connecting a healthy but less critical nerve to a more important but paralyzed nerve to restore its function. Methods: We present a case of a 28-year-old patient with a C5-level ASIA B (international classification level 1) injury who underwent nerve transfers to restore arm and hand function. Intact peripheral innervation was confirmed in the paralyzed muscle groups corresponding to finger flexors and extensors, wrist flexors and extensors, and triceps bilaterally. Volitional control and good strength were present in the biceps and brachialis muscles, the deltoid, and the trapezius. The patient underwent nerve transfers to restore finger flexion and extension, wrist flexion and extension, and elbow extension. Intraoperative motor-evoked potentials and direct nerve stimulation were used to identify donor and recipient nerve branches. Results: The patient tolerated the procedure well, with a preserved function in both elbow flexion and shoulder abduction. Conclusions: Nerve transfers are a technically feasible means of restoring the upper extremity function in tetraplegia in cases that may not be amenable to tendon transfers. PMID:21918736

Experience using radio frequency laptops to access the electronic medical record in exam rooms.

PubMed Central

Dworkin, L. A.; Krall, M.; Chin, H.; Robertson, N.; Harris, J.; Hughes, J.

1999-01-01

Kaiser Permanente, Northwest, evaluated the use of laptop computers to access our existing comprehensive Electronic Medical Record in exam rooms via a wireless radiofrequency (RF) network. Eleven of 22 clinicians who were offered the laptops successfully adopted their use in the exam room. These clinicians were able to increase their exam room time with the patient by almost 4 minutes (25%), apparently without lengthening their overall work day. Patient response to exam room computing was overwhelmingly positive. The RF network response time was similar to the hardwired network. Problems cited by some laptop users and many of the eleven non-adopters included battery issues, different equipment layout and function, and inadequate training. IT support needs for the RF laptops were two to four times greater than for hardwired desktops. Addressing the reliability and training issues should increase clinician acceptance, making a successful general roll-out for exam room computing more likely. PMID:10566458

Transfer function concept for ultrasonic characterization of material microstructures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vary, A.; Kautz, H. E.

1986-01-01

The approach given depends on treating material microstructures as elastomechanical filters that have analytically definable transfer functions. These transfer functions can be defined in terms of the frequency dependence of the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient. The transfer function concept provides a basis for synthesizing expressions that characterize polycrystalline materials relative to microstructural factors such as mean grain size, grain-size distribution functions, and grain boundary energy transmission. Although the approach is nonrigorous, it leads to a rational basis for combining the previously mentioned diverse and fragmented equations for ultrasonic attenuation coefficients.

INTERIOR DETAIL, DINING ROOM PASSAGE AND SERVICE STAIR. THE VISIBLE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

INTERIOR DETAIL, DINING ROOM PASSAGE AND SERVICE STAIR. THE VISIBLE RETRACTABLE DOOR PANEL AND ITS OPPOSING MATE, NOT VISIBLE IN THE PHOTOGRAPH, COULD BE CLOSED IN ORDER TO CREATE A DISCRETE STAGING AREA FOR SERVICE FUNCTIONS - The Woodlands, 4000 Woodlands Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

VALIDATION OF BENEFIT-TRANSFER FUNCTIONS

EPA Science Inventory

1. Identification of benefit-transfer functions that are the most credible. 2. Identification of benefit-transfer issues that are related to transfer method and those related to data limitations. 3. Clarification of issues t...

Excitonic enhancement of nonradiative energy transfer to bulk silicon with the hybridization of cascaded quantum dots

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yeltik, Aydan; Guzelturk, Burak; Akhavan, Shahab

2013-12-23

We report enhanced sensitization of silicon through nonradiative energy transfer (NRET) of the excitons in an energy-gradient structure composed of a cascaded bilayer of green- and red-emitting CdTe quantum dots (QDs) on bulk silicon. Here NRET dynamics were systematically investigated comparatively for the cascaded energy-gradient and mono-dispersed QD structures at room temperature. We show experimentally that NRET from the QD layer into silicon is enhanced by 40% in the case of an energy-gradient cascaded structure as compared to the mono-dispersed structures, which is in agreement with the theoretical analysis based on the excited state population-depopulation dynamics of the QDs.

Acoustically assisted spin-transfer-torque switching of nanomagnets: An energy-efficient hybrid writing scheme for non-volatile memory

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Biswas, Ayan K.; Bandyopadhyay, Supriyo; Atulasimha, Jayasimha

We show that the energy dissipated to write bits in spin-transfer-torque random access memory can be reduced by an order of magnitude if a surface acoustic wave (SAW) is launched underneath the magneto-tunneling junctions (MTJs) storing the bits. The SAW-generated strain rotates the magnetization of every MTJs' soft magnet from the easy towards the hard axis, whereupon passage of a small spin-polarized current through a target MTJ selectively switches it to the desired state with > 99.99% probability at room temperature, thereby writing the bit. The other MTJs return to their original states at the completion of the SAW cycle.

Transferable self-welding silver nanowire network as high performance transparent flexible electrode.

PubMed

Zhu, Siwei; Gao, Yuan; Hu, Bin; Li, Jia; Su, Jun; Fan, Zhiyong; Zhou, Jun

2013-08-23

High performance transparent electrodes (TEs) with figures-of-merit as high as 471 were assembled using ultralong silver nanowires (Ag NWs). A room-temperature plasma was employed to enhance the conductivity of the Ag NW TEs by simultaneously removing the insulating PVP layer coating on the NWs and welding the junctions tightly. Furthermore, we developed a general way to fabricate TEs regardless of substrate limitations by transferring the as-fabricated Ag NW network onto various substrates directly, and the transmittance can remain as high as 91% with a sheet resistivity of 13 Ω/sq. The highly robust and stable flexible TEs will have broad applications in flexible optoelectronic and electronic devices.

High-Operating Temperature HgCdTe: A Vision for the Near Future

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, D.; Carmody, M.; Piquette, E.; Dreiske, P.; Chen, A.; Yulius, A.; Edwall, D.; Bhargava, S.; Zandian, M.; Tennant, W. E.

2016-09-01

We review recent advances in the HgCdTe material quality and detector performance achieved at Teledyne using molecular beam epitaxy growth and the double-layer planar hetero-junction (DLPH) detector architecture. By using an un-doped, fully depleted absorber, Teledyne's DLPH architecture can be extended for use in high operating temperatures and other applications. We assess the potential achievable performance for long wavelength infrared (LWIR) hetero-junction p-lightly-doped n or p-intrinsic- n (p-i-n) detectors based on recently reported results for 10.7 μm cutoff 1 K × 1 K focal plane arrays (FPAs) tested at temperatures down to 30 K. Variable temperature dark current measurements show that any Shockley-Read-Hall currents in the depletion region of these devices have lifetimes that are reproducibly greater than 100 ms. Under the assumption of comparable lifetimes at higher temperatures, it is predicted that fully-depleted background radiation-limited performance can be expected for 10- μm cutoff detectors from room temperature to well below liquid nitrogen temperatures, with room-temperature dark current nearly 400 times lower than predicted by Rule 07. The hetero-junction p-i-n diode is shown to have numerous other significant potential advantages including minimal or no passivation requirements for pBn-like processing, low 1/ f noise, compatibility with small pixel pitch while maintaining high modulation transfer function, low crosstalk and good quantum efficiency. By appropriate design of the FPA dewar shielding, analysis shows that dark current can theoretically be further reduced below the thermal equilibrium radiative limit. Modeling shows that background radiation-limited LWIR HgCdTe operating with f/1 optics has the potential to operate within √2 of background-limited performance at 215 K. By reducing the background radiation by 2/3 using novel shielding methods, operation with a single-stage thermo-electric-cooler may be possible. If the background radiation can be reduced by 90%, then room-temperature operation is possible.

Ordered hydroxyls on Ca 3Ru 2O 7(001)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Halwidl, Daniel; Mayr-Schmölzer, Wernfried; Fobes, David

As complex ternary perovskite-type oxides are increasingly used in solid oxide fuel cells, electrolysis and catalysis, it is necessary to obtain a better understanding of their surface chemical properties. Here we report a pronounced ordering of hydroxyls on the cleaved (001) surface of the Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite Ca 3Ru 2O 7 upon water adsorption at 105 K and subsequent annealing to room temperature. Density functional theory calculations predict the dissociative adsorption of a single water molecule (E ads = 1.64 eV), forming an (OH) ads group adsorbed in a Ca-Ca bridge site, with an H transferred to a neighboring surface oxygenmore » atom, O surf. Scanning tunneling microscopy images show a pronounced ordering of the hydroxyls with (2 × 1), c(2 × 6), (1 × 3), and (1 × 1) periodicity. The present work demonstrates the importance of octahedral rotation and tilt in perovskites, for influencing surface reactivity, which here induces the ordering of the observed OH overlayers.« less

Ordered hydroxyls on Ca 3Ru 2O 7(001)

DOE PAGES

Halwidl, Daniel; Mayr-Schmölzer, Wernfried; Fobes, David; ...

2017-06-20

As complex ternary perovskite-type oxides are increasingly used in solid oxide fuel cells, electrolysis and catalysis, it is necessary to obtain a better understanding of their surface chemical properties. Here we report a pronounced ordering of hydroxyls on the cleaved (001) surface of the Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite Ca 3Ru 2O 7 upon water adsorption at 105 K and subsequent annealing to room temperature. Density functional theory calculations predict the dissociative adsorption of a single water molecule (E ads = 1.64 eV), forming an (OH) ads group adsorbed in a Ca-Ca bridge site, with an H transferred to a neighboring surface oxygenmore » atom, O surf. Scanning tunneling microscopy images show a pronounced ordering of the hydroxyls with (2 × 1), c(2 × 6), (1 × 3), and (1 × 1) periodicity. The present work demonstrates the importance of octahedral rotation and tilt in perovskites, for influencing surface reactivity, which here induces the ordering of the observed OH overlayers.« less

Fluorescence Imaging Topography Scanning System for intraoperative multimodal imaging

PubMed Central

Quang, Tri T.; Kim, Hye-Yeong; Bao, Forrest Sheng; Papay, Francis A.; Edwards, W. Barry; Liu, Yang

2017-01-01

Fluorescence imaging is a powerful technique with diverse applications in intraoperative settings. Visualization of three dimensional (3D) structures and depth assessment of lesions, however, are oftentimes limited in planar fluorescence imaging systems. In this study, a novel Fluorescence Imaging Topography Scanning (FITS) system has been developed, which offers color reflectance imaging, fluorescence imaging and surface topography scanning capabilities. The system is compact and portable, and thus suitable for deployment in the operating room without disturbing the surgical flow. For system performance, parameters including near infrared fluorescence detection limit, contrast transfer functions and topography depth resolution were characterized. The developed system was tested in chicken tissues ex vivo with simulated tumors for intraoperative imaging. We subsequently conducted in vivo multimodal imaging of sentinel lymph nodes in mice using FITS and PET/CT. The PET/CT/optical multimodal images were co-registered and conveniently presented to users to guide surgeries. Our results show that the developed system can facilitate multimodal intraoperative imaging. PMID:28437441

Enzyme electrokinetics: hydrogen evolution and oxidation by Allochromatium vinosum [NiFe]-hydrogenase.

PubMed

Léger, Christophe; Jones, Anne K; Roseboom, Winfried; Albracht, Simon P J; Armstrong, Fraser A

2002-12-31

The mechanism of catalytic hydrogen evolution and oxidation by Allochromatium vinosum [NiFe]-hydrogenase has been studied by protein film voltammetry (PFV) with the enzyme adsorbed at a pyrolytic graphite edge electrode. By analyzing the entire shapes of catalytic voltammograms, the energetics of the catalytic cycles (reduction potentials and acidity constants of the active states), including the detailed profiles of activity against pH and the sequences of proton and electron transfers, have been determined, and these are discussed with respect to the mechanism. PFV, which probes rates as a continuous function of the electrochemical potential (i.e., in the "potential domain"), is proven to be an invaluable tool for determining the redox properties of an active site in the presence of its substrate, at room temperature, and during turnover. This is especially relevant in the case of the active states of hydrogenase, since one of its substrates (the proton) is always present at significant levels in the titration medium at physiological pH values.

Production, purification and detergent exchange of isotopically labeled Bacillussubtilis cytochrome b₅₅₈ (SdhC).

PubMed

Baureder, Michael; Hederstedt, Lars

2011-11-01

Cytochrome b₅₅₈ of the gram-positive bacterium Bacillussubtilis is the membrane anchor subunit of the succinate:quinone oxidoreductase of the citric acid cycle. The cytochrome consists of the SdhC polypeptide (202 residues) and two protoheme IX groups that function in transmembrane electron transfer to menaquinone. The general structure of the cytochrome is known from extensive experimental studies and by comparison to Wolinellasuccinogenes fumarate reductase for which the X-ray crystal structure has been determined. Solution state NMR can potentially be used to identify the quinone binding site(s) and study, e.g. redox-linked, dynamics of cytochrome b₅₅₈. In this work we present an efficient procedure for the isolation of preparative amounts of isotopically labeled B. subtilis cytochrome b₅₅₈ produced in Escherichia coli. We have also evaluated several detergents suitable for NMR for their effectiveness in maintaining the cytochrome solubilized and intact for days at room temperature. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Experimental and theoretical investigation of vibrational spectra of coordination polymers based on TCE-TTF.

PubMed

Olejniczak, Iwona; Lapiński, Andrzej; Swietlik, Roman; Olivier, Jean; Golhen, Stéphane; Ouahab, Lahcène

2011-08-01

The room-temperature infrared and Raman spectra of a series of four isostructural polymeric salts of 2,3,6,7-tetrakis(2-cyanoethylthio)-tetrathiafulvalene (TCE-TTF) with paramagnetic (Co(II), Mn(II)) and diamagnetic (Zn(II), Cd(II)) ions, together with BF(4)(-) or ClO(4)(-) anions are reported. Infrared and Raman-active modes are identified and assigned based on theoretical calculations for neutral and ionized TCE-TTF using density functional theory (DFT) methods. It is confirmed that the TCE-TTF molecules in all the materials investigated are fully ionized and interact in the crystal structure through cyanoethylthio groups. The vibrational modes related to the C=C stretching vibrations of TCE-TTF are analyzed assuming the occurrence of electron-molecular vibration coupling (EMV). The presence of the antisymmetric C=C dimeric mode provides evidence that charge transfer takes place between TCE-TTF molecules belonging to neighboring polymeric networks. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Optical spectroscopy of BaY2F8:Dy3+

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parisi, Daniela; Toncelli, Alessandra; Tonelli, Mauro; Cavalli, Enrico; Bovero, Enrico; Belletti, Alessandro

2005-05-01

The optical spectra of the BaY2F8:Dy3+ laser crystal have been investigated in the 5000-30 000 cm-1 range. The Judd-Ofelt parametrization scheme has been applied to the analysis of the room temperature absorption spectra. The calculated radiative lifetime of the 4F9/2 state is 1.48 ms. Decay curves of the visible emission have been measured as a function of the temperature for two different Dy3+ concentrations (0.5 and 4.4%). In the case of the diluted crystal the emission profiles are single exponential with decay times consistent with the radiative lifetime. The decay curves of the concentrated crystal are not exponential and they obey the Inokuti-Hirayama model for energy transfer for an electric dipole-dipole interaction in the absence of diffusion among the donors. The emission cross section at 575 nm has been estimated using the integral β-τ method in order to assess the potentialities of this compound as a solid state laser material in the yellow region.

Response of pMOS dosemeters on gamma-ray irradiation during its re-use.

PubMed

Pejovic, Milic M; Pejovic, Momcilo M; Jaksic, Aleksandar B

2013-08-01

Response of pMOS dosemeters during two successive irradiations with gamma-ray irradiation to a dose of 35 Gy and annealing at room and elevated temperature has been studied. The response was followed on the basis of threshold voltage shift, determined from transfer characteristics, as a function of absorbed dose or annealing time. It was shown that the threshold voltage shifts during first and second irradiation for the gate bias during irradiation of 5 and 2.5 V insignificantly differ although complete fading was not achieved after the first cycle of annealing. In order to analyse the defects formed in oxide and at the interface during irradiation and annealing, which are responsible for threshold voltage shift, midgap and charge-pumping techniques were used. It was shown that during first irradiation and annealing a dominant influence to threshold voltage shift is made by fixed oxide traps, while at the beginning of the second annealing cycle, threshold voltage shift is a consequence of both fixed oxide traps and slow switching traps.

Nano-graphene induced positive effects on methanogenesis in anaerobic digestion.

PubMed

Tian, Tian; Qiao, Sen; Li, Xue; Zhang, Meijiao; Zhou, Jiti

2017-01-01

The effects of nano-graphene on methanogenesis in anaerobic digestion was investigated. Short-term results showed that graphene (30 and 120mg/L) had significantly positive effects on methane production rate, which increased by 17.0% and 51.4%. Further investigation indicated that acetate-consuming methanogenesis was enhanced. The failure of quinones to replicate graphene stimulation effects on methanogenesis suggested that graphene did not function as electron shuttles. After 55 day's operation at room temperature (from 20 to 10°C, the methane production rate with 30mg/L graphene was 14.3% higher than that of the control, while 120mg/L graphene showed a slight inhibition on methane yield. Illumina sequencing data showed that the archaeal community structure remained fairly constant as the incubated sludge with graphene at low temperature, in which Methanoregula, Methanosaeta and Methanospirillum were the dominant species. Besides, Geobacter enrichment was observed with graphene, suggesting that the direct interspecies electron transfer might be promoted. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Single-Crystalline SrRuO 3 Nanomembranes: A Platform for Flexible Oxide Electronics

DOE PAGES

Paskiewicz, Deborah M.; Sichel-Tissot, Rebecca; Karapetrova, Evguenia; ...

2016-12-11

The field of oxide electronics has benefited from the wide spectrum of functionalities available to the ABO 3 perovskites, and researchers are now employing defect engineering in single crystalline heterostructures to tailor properties. However, bulk oxide single crystals are not conducive to many types of applications, particularly those requiring mechanical flexibility. Here, we demonstrate the realization of an all-oxide, single-crystalline nanomembrane heterostructure. With a surface-to-volume ratio of 2 × 10 7 , the nanomembranes are fully flexible and can be readily transferred to other materials for handling purposes or for new materials integration schemes. Using in situ synchrotron X-ray scattering,more » we find that the nanomembranes can bond to other host substrates near room temperature and demonstrate coupling between surface reactivity and electromechanical properties in ferroelectric nanomembrane systems. Finally, the synthesis technique described here represents a significant advancement in materials integration and provides a new platform for the development of flexible oxide electronics.« less

Measurement of Heat Transfer in Unbonded Silica Fibrous Insulation and Comparison with Theory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Daryabeigi, Kamran; Knutson, Jeffrey R.; Cunnington, George R.

2007-01-01

Effective thermal conductivity of a high porosity unbonded silica fibrous insulation specimen was measured over a pressure range of 0.001 to 750 torr (0.1 to 101.3 x 10(exp 3) Pa), and with large temperature gradients maintained across the sample thickness: hot side temperature range of 360 to 1360 K, with the cold side at room temperature. The measurements were compared with the theoretical solution of combined radiation/conduction heat transfer. The previously developed radiation heat transfer model used in this study is based on a modified diffusion approximation, and uses deterministic parameters that define the composition and morphology of the medium: distributions of fiber size and orientation, fiber volume fractions, and the spectral complex refractive index of the fibers. The close agreement between experimental and theoretical data further verifies the theoretical model over a wide range of temperatures and pressures.

Transferable Reactive Force Fields: Extensions of ReaxFF-lg to Nitromethane.

PubMed

Larentzos, James P; Rice, Betsy M

2017-03-09

Transferable ReaxFF-lg models of nitromethane that predict a variety of material properties over a wide range of thermodynamic states are obtained by screening a library of ∼6600 potentials that were previously optimized through the Multiple Objective Evolutionary Strategies (MOES) approach using a training set that included information for other energetic materials composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. Models that best match experimental nitromethane lattice constants at 4.2 K and 1 atm are evaluated for transferability to high-pressure states at room temperature and are shown to better predict various liquid- and solid-phase structural, thermodynamic, and transport properties as compared to the existing ReaxFF and ReaxFF-lg parametrizations. Although demonstrated for an energetic material, the library of ReaxFF-lg models is supplied to the scientific community to enable new research explorations of complex reactive phenomena in a variety of materials research applications.