18 CFR 385.506 - Examination of witnesses during hearing (Rule 506).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PROCEDURAL RULES RULES OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE Hearings § 385.506 Examination of witnesses during hearing (Rule 506). (a) Prepared written direct..., direct and rebuttal testimony of a witness in a hearing must be prepared and submitted in written form...

Universal "Imaginary Closed Circuit Method" and Formula for Determination of Direction of Induced EMF/Current

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Atram, Dattatraya Balaram

2011-01-01

Fleming's right-hand rule and the right-flat-hand rule are generally applied for determining the direction of flow of induced emf/current in straight conductors. The right-hand-fingers rule is applied for coils only. The right-hand-thumb rule can be applied for either straight conductors or coils. Different rules have to be applied for different…

77 FR 28785 - Revisions to Federal Implementation Plans To Reduce Interstate Transport of Fine Particulate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-16

... Ozone AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Withdrawal of direct final rule. SUMMARY... Particulate Matter and Ozone'' as a direct final rule on February 21, 2012. Because the EPA received adverse... Implementation Plans To Reduce Interstate Transport of Fine Particulate Matter and Ozone'' as a direct final rule...

The neural basis for novel semantic categorization.

PubMed

Koenig, Phyllis; Smith, Edward E; Glosser, Guila; DeVita, Chris; Moore, Peachie; McMillan, Corey; Gee, Jim; Grossman, Murray

2005-01-15

We monitored regional cerebral activity with BOLD fMRI during acquisition of a novel semantic category and subsequent categorization of test stimuli by a rule-based strategy or a similarity-based strategy. We observed different patterns of activation in direct comparisons of rule- and similarity-based categorization. During rule-based category acquisition, subjects recruited anterior cingulate, thalamic, and parietal regions to support selective attention to perceptual features, and left inferior frontal cortex to helps maintain rules in working memory. Subsequent rule-based categorization revealed anterior cingulate and parietal activation while judging stimuli whose conformity with the rules was readily apparent, and left inferior frontal recruitment during judgments of stimuli whose conformity was less apparent. By comparison, similarity-based category acquisition showed recruitment of anterior prefrontal and posterior cingulate regions, presumably to support successful retrieval of previously encountered exemplars from long-term memory, and bilateral temporal-parietal activation for perceptual feature integration. Subsequent similarity-based categorization revealed temporal-parietal, posterior cingulate, and anterior prefrontal activation. These findings suggest that large-scale networks support relatively distinct categorization processes during the acquisition and judgment of semantic category knowledge.

77 FR 41716 - Amendment Relating to Reasonable Contract or Arrangement Under Section 408(b)(2)-Fee Disclosure...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-16

...This proposed rule is a companion to the Department of Labor (Department) Employee Benefits Security Administration's direct final rule (published today in the ``Rules and Regulations'' section of the Federal Register) amending the Department's fiduciary-level fee disclosure regulation under section 408(b)(2) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) to revise the mailing address and enhance the web-based submission procedure for notices filed under the regulation's fiduciary class exemption provision. The Department is publishing this amendment as a direct final rule without prior proposal because the Department views this as highly technical and anticipates no significant adverse comment. The Department has explained its reasons in the preamble to the direct final rule. If the Department receives no significant adverse comment during the comment period, no further action on this proposed rule will be taken. If, however, the Department receives significant adverse comment, the Department will withdraw the direct final rule and it will not take effect. In that case, the Department will address all public comments in a subsequent final rule based on this proposed rule. The Department will not institute a second comment period on this rule. Any parties interested in commenting must do so during this comment period.

75 FR 1678 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; International Securities Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and Order...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-12

... Accelerated Approval to a Proposed Rule Change Relating to the Amounts That Direct Edge ECN, in Its Capacity... Substance of the Proposed Rule Change The Exchange proposes to modify the amounts that Direct Edge ECN... immediate effectiveness a proposed rule change to amend Direct Edge ECN's (``DECN'') fee schedule for ISE...

75 FR 32528 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; International Securities Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and Order...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-08

... to a Proposed Rule Change Relating to the Amounts That Direct Edge ECN, in Its Capacity as an... Rule Change The Exchange proposes to modify the amounts that Direct Edge ECN (``DECN''), in its... immediate effectiveness a proposed rule change to amend Direct Edge ECN's (``DECN'') fee schedule for ISE...

75 FR 6782 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; International Securities Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and Order...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-10

... to a Proposed Rule Change Relating to the Amounts That Direct Edge ECN, in Its Capacity as an... Rule Change The Exchange proposes to modify the amounts that Direct Edge ECN (``DECN''), in its... effectiveness a proposed rule change to amend Direct Edge ECN's (``DECN'') fee schedule for ISE Members \\3\\ to...

75 FR 6743 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; International Securities Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and Order...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-10

... to a Proposed Rule Change Relating to the Amounts That Direct Edge ECN, in Its Capacity as an... Rule Change The Exchange proposes to modify the amounts that Direct Edge ECN (``DECN''), in its... effectiveness a proposed rule change to amend Direct Edge ECN's (``DECN'') fee schedule for ISE Members \\3\\ to...

75 FR 19437 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; International Securities Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and Order...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-14

... to a Proposed Rule Change Relating to the Amounts That Direct Edge ECN, in Its Capacity as an... Rule Change The Exchange proposes to modify the amounts that Direct Edge ECN (``DECN''), in its... rule change to amend Direct Edge ECN's (``DECN'') fee schedule for ISE Members \\4\\ to: (i) Eliminate a...

75 FR 17983 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; International Securities Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and Order...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-08

... to a Proposed Rule Change Relating to the Amounts That Direct Edge ECN, in Its Capacity as an... Rule Change The Exchange proposes to modify the amounts that Direct Edge ECN (``DECN''), in its... effectiveness a proposed rule change to amend Direct Edge ECN's (``DECN'') fee schedule for ISE Members \\4\\ to...

Spike-timing dependent inhibitory plasticity to learn a selective gating of backpropagating action potentials.

PubMed

Wilmes, Katharina Anna; Schleimer, Jan-Hendrik; Schreiber, Susanne

2017-04-01

Inhibition is known to influence the forward-directed flow of information within neurons. However, also regulation of backward-directed signals, such as backpropagating action potentials (bAPs), can enrich the functional repertoire of local circuits. Inhibitory control of bAP spread, for example, can provide a switch for the plasticity of excitatory synapses. Although such a mechanism is possible, it requires a precise timing of inhibition to annihilate bAPs without impairment of forward-directed excitatory information flow. Here, we propose a specific learning rule for inhibitory synapses to automatically generate the correct timing to gate bAPs in pyramidal cells when embedded in a local circuit of feedforward inhibition. Based on computational modeling of multi-compartmental neurons with physiological properties, we demonstrate that a learning rule with anti-Hebbian shape can establish the required temporal precision. In contrast to classical spike-timing dependent plasticity of excitatory synapses, the proposed inhibitory learning mechanism does not necessarily require the definition of an upper bound of synaptic weights because of its tendency to self-terminate once annihilation of bAPs has been reached. Our study provides a functional context in which one of the many time-dependent learning rules that have been observed experimentally - specifically, a learning rule with anti-Hebbian shape - is assigned a relevant role for inhibitory synapses. Moreover, the described mechanism is compatible with an upregulation of excitatory plasticity by disinhibition. © 2016 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Motion direction discrimination training reduces perceived motion repulsion.

PubMed

Jia, Ke; Li, Sheng

2017-04-01

Participants often exaggerate the perceived angular separation between two simultaneously presented motion stimuli, which is referred to as motion repulsion. The overestimation helps participants differentiate between the two superimposed motion directions, yet it causes the impairment of direction perception. Since direction perception can be refined through perceptual training, we here attempted to investigate whether the training of a direction discrimination task changes the amount of motion repulsion. Our results showed a direction-specific learning effect, which was accompanied by a reduced amount of motion repulsion both for the trained and the untrained directions. The reduction of the motion repulsion disappeared when the participants were trained on a luminance discrimination task (control experiment 1) or a speed discrimination task (control experiment 2), ruling out any possible interpretation in terms of adaptation or training-induced attentional bias. Furthermore, training with a direction discrimination task along a direction 150° away from both directions in the transparent stimulus (control experiment 3) also had little effect on the amount of motion repulsion, ruling out the contribution of task learning. The changed motion repulsion observed in the main experiment was consistent with the prediction of the recurrent model of perceptual learning. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that training in direction discrimination can benefit the precise direction perception of the transparent stimulus and provide new evidence for the recurrent model of perceptual learning.

Electrically-induced polarization selection rules of a graphene quantum dot

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dong, Qing-Rui; Li, Yan; Jia, Chen; Wang, Fu-Li; Zhang, Ya-Ting; Liu, Chun-Xiang

2018-05-01

We study theoretically the single-electron triangular zigzag graphene quantum dot in uniform in-plane electric fields. The absorption spectra of the dot are calculated by the tight-binding method. The energy spectra and the distribution of wave functions are also presented to analyse the absorption spectra. The orthogonal zero-energy eigenstates are arranged along to the direction of the external field. The remarkable result is that all intraband transitions and some interband transitions are forbidden when the absorbed light is polarized along the direction of the electric field. With x-direction electric field, all intraband absorption is y polarized due to the electric-field-direction-polarization selection rule. Moreover, with y-direction electric field, all absorption is either x or y polarized due to the parity selection rule as well as to the electric-field-direction-polarization selection rule. Our calculation shows that the formation of the absorption spectra is co-decided by the polarization selection rules and the overlap between the eigenstates of the transition.

Withdrawal of the Direct Final Revisions Rule (77 FR 28785)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA issued ‘‘Revisions to Federal Implementation Plans To Reduce Interstate Transport of Fine Particulate Matter and Ozone’’ as a direct final rule on February 21, 2012. Because EPA received adverse comments on this action, EPA withdrew the rule.

Universal 'imaginary closed circuit method' and formula for determination of direction of induced emf/current

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balaram Atram, Dattatraya

2011-01-01

Fleming's right-hand rule and the right-flat-hand rule are generally applied for determining the direction of flow of induced emf/current in straight conductors. The right-hand-fingers rule is applied for coils only. The right-hand-thumb rule can be applied for either straight conductors or coils. Different rules have to be applied for different situations. Also, a formula for determining the direction of induced emf/current does not exist on the basis of these rules. In this article, based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction and Lenz's law, an 'imaginary closed circuit method' and a formula for determination of direction of induced emf/current has been proposed. The method is universal in the sense that it is applicable for conductors of any shape, for any kind of relative motion of the conductor with respect to the magnetic flux, and moreover it is applicable for the case of varying magnetic flux.

77 FR 22829 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-17

... displayed size of any protected bid or offer (as defined in Rule 600(b) of Regulation NMS under the Act). A... Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change 1. Purpose Rule 4751(f)(9) defines a ``Directed Order'' as an order... instructions. The proposed rule change, in essence, makes the Exchange's Directed Order similar to the BATS...

Loading Deformation Characteristic Simulation Study of Engineering Vehicle Refurbished Tire

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qiang, Wang; Xiaojie, Qi; Zhao, Yang; Yunlong, Wang; Guotian, Wang; Degang, Lv

2018-05-01

The paper constructed engineering vehicle refurbished tire computer geometry model, mechanics model, contact model, finite element analysis model, did simulation study on load-deformation property of engineering vehicle refurbished tire by comparing with that of the new and the same type tire, got load-deformation of engineering vehicle refurbished tire under the working condition of static state and ground contact. The analysis result shows that change rules of radial-direction deformation and side-direction deformation of engineering vehicle refurbished tire are close to that of the new tire, radial-direction and side-direction deformation value is a little less than that of the new tire. When air inflation pressure was certain, radial-direction deformation linear rule of engineer vehicle refurbished tire would increase with load adding, however, side-direction deformation showed linear change rule, when air inflation pressure was low; and it would show increase of non-linear change rule, when air inflation pressure was very high.

36 CFR 290.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... MANAGEMENT § 290.1 Purpose and scope. The rules of this part implement the requirements of the Federal Cave... management on National Forest System lands. These rules, in conjunction with rules in part 261 of this... outlined in the Forest Service Directive System and the management direction contained in the individual...

36 CFR 290.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... MANAGEMENT § 290.1 Purpose and scope. The rules of this part implement the requirements of the Federal Cave... management on National Forest System lands. These rules, in conjunction with rules in part 261 of this... outlined in the Forest Service Directive System and the management direction contained in the individual...

78 FR 65932 - Updating OSHA Standards Based on National Consensus Standards; Signage

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-04

...; Signage AGENCY: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Department of Labor. ACTION... accompanied its direct final rule revising its signage standards for general industry and construction. DATES... proposed rule (NPRM) along with the direct final rule (DFR) (see 78 FR 35585) updating its signage...

77 FR 15681 - Amendments to the HUD Acquisition Regulation (HUDAR)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-16

... final rule published on January 13, 2006 (71 FR 2432). II. This Proposed Rule This proposed rule would... publishing any rule that has federalism implications if the rule imposes substantial direct compliance costs...

Directionality theory and the evolution of body size.

PubMed

Demetrius, L

2000-12-07

Directionality theory, a dynamic theory of evolution that integrates population genetics with demography, is based on the concept of evolutionary entropy, a measure of the variability in the age of reproducing individuals in a population. The main tenets of the theory are three principles relating the response to the ecological constraints a population experiences, with trends in entropy as the population evolves under mutation and natural selection. (i) Stationary size or fluctuations around a stationary size (bounded growth): a unidirectional increase in entropy; (ii) prolonged episodes of exponential growth (unbounded growth), large population size: a unidirectional decrease in entropy; and (iii) prolonged episodes of exponential growth (unbounded growth), small population size: random, non-directional change in entropy. We invoke these principles, together with an allometric relationship between entropy, and the morphometric variable body size, to provide evolutionary explanations of three empirical patterns pertaining to trends in body size, namely (i) Cope's rule, the tendency towards size increase within phyletic lineages; (ii) the island rule, which pertains to changes in body size that occur as species migrate from mainland populations to colonize island habitats; and (iii) Bergmann's rule, the tendency towards size increase with increasing latitude. The observation that these ecotypic patterns can be explained in terms of the directionality principles for entropy underscores the significance of evolutionary entropy as a unifying concept in forging a link between micro-evolution, the dynamics of gene frequency change, and macro-evolution, dynamic changes in morphometric variables.

Current good manufacturing practice regulation and investigational new drugs. Direct final rule.

PubMed

2006-01-17

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is amending its current good manufacturing practice (CGMP) regulations for human drugs, including biological products, to exempt most investigational "Phase 1" drugs from complying with the requirements in FDA's regulations. FDA will instead exercise oversight of production of these drugs under the agency's general statutory CGMP authority and investigational new drug application (IND) authority. In addition, FDA is making available simultaneously with the publication of this direct final rule, a guidance document setting forth recommendations on approaches to CGMP compliance for the exempted Phase 1 drugs. Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, FDA is publishing a companion proposed rule, under FDA's usual procedure for notice-and-comment rulemaking, to provide a procedural framework to finalize the rule in the event the agency receives any significant adverse comments and withdraws this direct final rule. The companion proposed rule and direct final rule are substantively identical. Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, FDA is announcing the availability of a draft guidance for industry entitled "INDs--Approaches to Complying With CGMP During Phase 1" to provide further guidance on the subject.

Updating OSHA standards based on national consensus standards. Direct final rule.

PubMed

2007-12-14

In this direct final rule, the Agency is removing several references to consensus standards that have requirements that duplicate, or are comparable to, other OSHA rules; this action includes correcting a paragraph citation in one of these OSHA rules. The Agency also is removing a reference to American Welding Society standard A3.0-1969 ("Terms and Definitions") in its general-industry welding standards. This rulemaking is a continuation of OSHA's ongoing effort to update references to consensus and industry standards used throughout its rules.

Design of self-coded combinatorial libraries to facilitate direct analysis of ligands by mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Hughes, I

1998-09-24

The direct analysis of selected components from combinatorial libraries by sensitive methods such as mass spectrometry is potentially more efficient than deconvolution and tagging strategies since additional steps of resynthesis or introduction of molecular tags are avoided. A substituent selection procedure is described that eliminates the mass degeneracy commonly observed in libraries prepared by "split-and-mix" methods, without recourse to high-resolution mass measurements. A set of simple rules guides the choice of substituents such that all components of the library have unique nominal masses. Additional rules extend the scope by ensuring that characteristic isotopic mass patterns distinguish isobaric components. The method is applicable to libraries having from two to four varying substituent groups and can encode from a few hundred to several thousand components. No restrictions are imposed on the manner in which the "self-coded" library is synthesized or screened.

A multispecies exclusion model inspired by transcriptional interference

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghosh, Soumendu; Bameta, Tripti; Ghanti, Dipanwita; Chowdhury, Debashish

2016-12-01

We introduce exclusion models of two distinguishable species of hard rods with their distinct sites of entry and exit under open boundary conditions. In the first model both species of rods move in the same direction whereas in the other two models they move in the opposite direction. These models are motivated by the biological phenomenon known as transcriptional interference. Therefore, the rules for the kinetics of the models, particularly the rules for the outcome of the encounter of the rods, are also formulated to mimic those observed in transcriptional interference. By a combination of mean-field theory and computer simulation of these models we demonstrate how the flux of one species of rods is completely switched off by the other. Exploring the parameter space of the model we also establish the conditions under which switch-like regulation of two fluxes is possible; from the extensive analysis we discover more than one possible mechanism of this phenomenon.

Updated collider and direct detection constraints on Dark Matter models for the Galactic Center gamma-ray excess

DOE PAGES

Escudero, Miguel; Hooper, Dan; Witte, Samuel J.

2017-02-20

Utilizing an exhaustive set of simplified models, we revisit dark matter scenarios potentially capable of generating the observed Galactic Center gamma-ray excess, updating constraints from the LUX and PandaX-II experiments, as well as from the LHC and other colliders. We identify a variety of pseudoscalar mediated models that remain consistent with all constraints. In contrast, dark matter candidates which annihilate through a spin-1 mediator are ruled out by direct detection constraints unless the mass of the mediator is near an annihilation resonance, or the mediator has a purely vector coupling to the dark matter and a purely axial coupling tomore » Standard Model fermions. Furthermore, all scenarios in which the dark matter annihilates through t-channel processes are now ruled out by a combination of the constraints from LUX/PandaX-II and the LHC.« less

14 CFR 11.13 - What is a direct final rule?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false What is a direct final rule? 11.13 Section 11.13 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PROCEDURAL... adverse comment, we then withdraw the final rule before it becomes effective and may issue an NPRM. ...

14 CFR 11.13 - What is a direct final rule?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false What is a direct final rule? 11.13 Section 11.13 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PROCEDURAL... adverse comment, we then withdraw the final rule before it becomes effective and may issue an NPRM. ...

Interpreting Self-Directed Search Profiles: Validity of the "Rule of Eight"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glavin, Kevin W.; Savickas, Mark L.

2011-01-01

Based on the standard error of measurement, Holland (1985) suggested the "rule of eight" for determining the meaningfulness of differences between two summary scores on the Self Directed Search. The present study empirically examined the rule's validity for practice. The participants were 2397 (1497 females and 900 males) undergraduate…

Medicaid program; self-directed personal assistance services program State Plan option (cash and counseling). Final rule.

PubMed

2008-10-03

This final rule provides guidance to States that want to administer self-directed personal assistance services through their State Plans, as authorized by the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005. The State plan option allows beneficiaries, through an approved self-directed services plan and budget, to purchase personal assistance services. The rule also provides guidance to ensure beneficiary health and welfare and financial accountability of the State Plan option.

Validity of deterministic record linkage using multiple indirect personal identifiers: linking a large registry to claims data.

PubMed

Setoguchi, Soko; Zhu, Ying; Jalbert, Jessica J; Williams, Lauren A; Chen, Chih-Ying

2014-05-01

Linking patient registries with administrative databases can enhance the utility of the databases for epidemiological and comparative effectiveness research. However, registries often lack direct personal identifiers, and the validity of record linkage using multiple indirect personal identifiers is not well understood. Using a large contemporary national cardiovascular device registry and 100% Medicare inpatient data, we linked hospitalization-level records. The main outcomes were the validity measures of several deterministic linkage rules using multiple indirect personal identifiers compared with rules using both direct and indirect personal identifiers. Linkage rules using 2 or 3 indirect, patient-level identifiers (ie, date of birth, sex, admission date) and hospital ID produced linkages with sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 98% compared with a gold standard linkage rule using a combination of both direct and indirect identifiers. Ours is the first large-scale study to validate the performance of deterministic linkage rules without direct personal identifiers. When linking hospitalization-level records in the absence of direct personal identifiers, provider information is necessary for successful linkage. © 2014 American Heart Association, Inc.

77 FR 7558 - Withdrawal of Proposed Rule on Approval of Farm Credit System Lending Institutions in Federal...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-13

...-AI91 Withdrawal of Proposed Rule on Approval of Farm Credit System Lending Institutions in Federal... withdraws HUD's August 2011 rule that proposed to amend HUD's regulations to enable the direct lending... the direct lending institutions of the Farm Credit System to seek approval to participate in the FHA...

A detailed comparison of optimality and simplicity in perceptual decision-making

PubMed Central

Shen, Shan; Ma, Wei Ji

2017-01-01

Two prominent ideas in the study of decision-making have been that organisms behave near-optimally, and that they use simple heuristic rules. These principles might be operating in different types of tasks, but this possibility cannot be fully investigated without a direct, rigorous comparison within a single task. Such a comparison was lacking in most previous studies, because a) the optimal decision rule was simple; b) no simple suboptimal rules were considered; c) it was unclear what was optimal, or d) a simple rule could closely approximate the optimal rule. Here, we used a perceptual decision-making task in which the optimal decision rule is well-defined and complex, and makes qualitatively distinct predictions from many simple suboptimal rules. We find that all simple rules tested fail to describe human behavior, that the optimal rule accounts well for the data, and that several complex suboptimal rules are indistinguishable from the optimal one. Moreover, we found evidence that the optimal model is close to the true model: first, the better the trial-to-trial predictions of a suboptimal model agree with those of the optimal model, the better that suboptimal model fits; second, our estimate of the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the optimal model and the true model is not significantly different from zero. When observers receive no feedback, the optimal model still describes behavior best, suggesting that sensory uncertainty is implicitly represented and taken into account. Beyond the task and models studied here, our results have implications for best practices of model comparison. PMID:27177259

Patient safety and quality improvement: civil money penalty inflation adjustment. Direct final rule.

PubMed

2009-08-25

The Department of Health and Human Services amends the Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Rule by adjusting for inflation the maximum civil money penalty amount for violations of the confidentiality provisions of the Rule. We are amending the penalty amount to comply with the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990. We are using direct final rulemaking for this action because we expect that there will be no significant adverse comment on the rule.

Updating OSHA standards based on national consensus standards. final rule; confirmation of effective date.

PubMed

2008-03-14

OSHA is confirming the effective date of its direct final rule that revises a number of standards for general industry that refer to national consensus standards. The direct final rule states that it would become effective on March 13, 2008 unless OSHA receives significant adverse comment on these revisions by January 14, 2008. OSHA received no adverse comments by that date and, therefore, is confirming that the rule will become effective on March 13, 2008.

15 CFR 806.16 - Rules and regulations for BE-10, Benchmark Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad-2004.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., Benchmark Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad-2004. 806.16 Section 806.16 Commerce and Foreign Trade... COMMERCE DIRECT INVESTMENT SURVEYS § 806.16 Rules and regulations for BE-10, Benchmark Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad—2004. A BE-10, Benchmark Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad will be...

Spatio-temporal correlations in models of collective motion ruled by different dynamical laws.

PubMed

Cavagna, Andrea; Conti, Daniele; Giardina, Irene; Grigera, Tomas S; Melillo, Stefania; Viale, Massimiliano

2016-11-15

Information transfer is an essential factor in determining the robustness of biological systems with distributed control. The most direct way to study the mechanisms ruling information transfer is to experimentally observe the propagation across the system of a signal triggered by some perturbation. However, this method may be inefficient for experiments in the field, as the possibilities to perturb the system are limited and empirical observations must rely on natural events. An alternative approach is to use spatio-temporal correlations to probe the information transfer mechanism directly from the spontaneous fluctuations of the system, without the need to have an actual propagating signal on record. Here we test this method on models of collective behaviour in their deeply ordered phase by using ground truth data provided by numerical simulations in three dimensions. We compare two models characterized by very different dynamical equations and information transfer mechanisms: the classic Vicsek model, describing an overdamped noninertial dynamics and the inertial spin model, characterized by an underdamped inertial dynamics. By using dynamic finite-size scaling, we show that spatio-temporal correlations are able to distinguish unambiguously the diffusive information transfer mechanism of the Vicsek model from the linear mechanism of the inertial spin model.

Every look matters: appraisals of faces follow distinct rules of information integration under arousing versus non-arousing conditions.

PubMed

Kaufmann, Martina; Baumann, Nicola

2018-03-19

In this research, we investigated whether appraisals of faces follow distinct rules of information integration under arousing versus non-arousing conditions. Support for this prediction was found in four experiments in which participants observed angry (and fearful) faces that were presented with a direct versus an averted gaze (Experiments 1a, b), on a red versus a grey background (Experiment 2), and after performing a motor exercise versus no exercise (Experiment 3). Under arousing conditions, participants' appraisals of faces reflected summation (i.e. extremely negative encounters were strengthened by moderately negative encounters) whereas, under non-arousing conditions, appraisals did not reflect summation (i.e. extremely negative encounters were weakened by moderately negative encounters) and could instead be accounted for by three alternative rules of information integration based on averaging, mere exposure, or the number of strong stimuli.

Surface stability and the selection rules of substrate orientation for optimal growth of epitaxial II-VI semiconductors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yin, Wan-Jian; Department of Physics & Astronomy, and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606; Yang, Ji-Hui

2015-10-05

The surface structures of ionic zinc-blende CdTe (001), (110), (111), and (211) surfaces are systematically studied by first-principles density functional calculations. Based on the surface structures and surface energies, we identify the detrimental twinning appearing in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of II-VI compounds as the (111) lamellar twin boundaries. To avoid the appearance of twinning in MBE growth, we propose the following selection rules for choosing optimal substrate orientations: (1) the surface should be nonpolar so that there is no large surface reconstructions that could act as a nucleation center and promote the formation of twins; (2) the surfacemore » structure should have low symmetry so that there are no multiple equivalent directions for growth. These straightforward rules, in consistent with experimental observations, provide guidelines for selecting proper substrates for high-quality MBE growth of II-VI compounds.« less

CSAPR Direct Final Rule (77 FR 10342)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA takes direct final action on additional revisions to the final Transport Rule (Federal Implementation Plans: Interstate Transport of Fine Particulate Matter and Ozone and Correction of SIP Approvals published August 8, 2011).

77 FR 48460 - Transportation of Household Goods in Interstate Commerce; Consumer Protection Regulations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-14

..., direct final rule concerning household goods consumer protection. The direct final rule amended the... No. FMCSA-2012-0119] RIN 2126-AB52 Transportation of Household Goods in Interstate Commerce; Consumer Protection Regulations AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT. ACTION: Direct final...

Direct Final Rule: Nonroad Diesel Technical Amendments and Tier 3 Technical Relief Provision

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Rule making certain technical corrections to the rules establishing emission standards for nonroad diesel engines and amending those rules to provide manufacturers with a production technical relief provision for Tier 3 equipment.

Statistical inference of static analysis rules

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Engler, Dawson Richards (Inventor)

2009-01-01

Various apparatus and methods are disclosed for identifying errors in program code. Respective numbers of observances of at least one correctness rule by different code instances that relate to the at least one correctness rule are counted in the program code. Each code instance has an associated counted number of observances of the correctness rule by the code instance. Also counted are respective numbers of violations of the correctness rule by different code instances that relate to the correctness rule. Each code instance has an associated counted number of violations of the correctness rule by the code instance. A respective likelihood of the validity is determined for each code instance as a function of the counted number of observances and counted number of violations. The likelihood of validity indicates a relative likelihood that a related code instance is required to observe the correctness rule. The violations may be output in order of the likelihood of validity of a violated correctness rule.

Exotic looped trajectories of photons in three-slit interference

PubMed Central

Magaña-Loaiza, Omar S; De Leon, Israel; Mirhosseini, Mohammad; Fickler, Robert; Safari, Akbar; Mick, Uwe; McIntyre, Brian; Banzer, Peter; Rodenburg, Brandon; Leuchs, Gerd; Boyd, Robert W.

2016-01-01

The validity of the superposition principle and of Born's rule are well-accepted tenants of quantum mechanics. Surprisingly, it has been predicted that the intensity pattern formed in a three-slit experiment is seemingly in contradiction with the most conventional form of the superposition principle when exotic looped trajectories are taken into account. However, the probability of observing such paths is typically very small, thus rendering them extremely difficult to measure. Here we confirm the validity of Born's rule and present the first experimental observation of exotic trajectories as additional paths for the light by directly measuring their contribution to the formation of optical interference fringes. We accomplish this by enhancing the electromagnetic near-fields in the vicinity of the slits through the excitation of surface plasmons. This process increases the probability of occurrence of these exotic trajectories, demonstrating that they are related to the near-field component of the photon's wavefunction. PMID:28008907

Exotic looped trajectories of photons in three-slit interference.

PubMed

Magaña-Loaiza, Omar S; De Leon, Israel; Mirhosseini, Mohammad; Fickler, Robert; Safari, Akbar; Mick, Uwe; McIntyre, Brian; Banzer, Peter; Rodenburg, Brandon; Leuchs, Gerd; Boyd, Robert W

2016-12-23

The validity of the superposition principle and of Born's rule are well-accepted tenants of quantum mechanics. Surprisingly, it has been predicted that the intensity pattern formed in a three-slit experiment is seemingly in contradiction with the most conventional form of the superposition principle when exotic looped trajectories are taken into account. However, the probability of observing such paths is typically very small, thus rendering them extremely difficult to measure. Here we confirm the validity of Born's rule and present the first experimental observation of exotic trajectories as additional paths for the light by directly measuring their contribution to the formation of optical interference fringes. We accomplish this by enhancing the electromagnetic near-fields in the vicinity of the slits through the excitation of surface plasmons. This process increases the probability of occurrence of these exotic trajectories, demonstrating that they are related to the near-field component of the photon's wavefunction.

Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of indanes by a cation-directed 5-endo-trig cyclization.

PubMed

Johnston, Craig P; Kothari, Abhishek; Sergeieva, Tetiana; Okovytyy, Sergiy I; Jackson, Kelvin E; Paton, Robert S; Smith, Martin D

2014-02-01

5-Endo-trig cyclizations are generally considered to be kinetically unfavourable, as described by Baldwin's rules. Consequently, observation of this mode of reaction under kinetic control is rare. This is usually ascribed to challenges in achieving appropriate approach trajectories for orbital overlap in the transition state. Here, we describe a highly enantio- and diastereoselective route to complex indanes bearing all-carbon quaternary stereogenic centres via a 5-endo-trig cyclization catalysed by a chiral ammonium salt. Through computation, the preference for the formally disfavoured 5-endo-trig Michael reaction over the formally favoured 5-exo-trig Dieckmann reaction is shown to result from thermodynamic contributions to the innate selectivity of the nucleophilic group, which outweigh the importance of the approach trajectory as embodied by Baldwin's rules. Our experimental and theoretical findings demonstrate that geometric and stereoelectronic constraints may not be decisive in the observed outcome of irreversible ring-closing reactions.

75 FR 16891 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX BX, Inc.; Order Approving Proposed Rule Change, as...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-02

... the Directed Order to the PIP \\7\\ or send the Directed Order to the BOX Book. When the EP sends the Directed Order to the BOX Book and the EP's quotation on the opposite side of the market from the Directed... the Directed Order is being exposed on the BOX Book. \\7\\ See Chapter V, Section 18 of the BOX Rules...

Automatic Generation of Supervisory Control System Software Using Graph Composition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakata, Hideo; Sano, Tatsuro; Kojima, Taizo; Seo, Kazuo; Uchida, Tomoyuki; Nakamura, Yasuaki

This paper describes the automatic generation of system descriptions for SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) systems. The proposed method produces various types of data and programs for SCADA systems from equipment definitions using conversion rules. At first, this method makes directed graphs, which represent connections between the equipment, from equipment definitions. System descriptions are generated using the conversion rules, by analyzing these directed graphs, and finding the groups of equipment that involve similar operations. This method can make the conversion rules multi levels by using the composition of graphs, and can reduce the number of rules. The developer can define and manage these rules efficiently.

A Left-Hand Rule for Faraday's Law

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salu, Yehuda

2014-01-01

A left-hand rule for Faraday's law is presented here. This rule provides a simple and quick way of finding directional relationships between variables of Faraday's law without using Lenz's rule.

Cell division plane orientation based on tensile stress in Arabidopsis thaliana

PubMed Central

Louveaux, Marion; Julien, Jean-Daniel; Mirabet, Vincent; Boudaoud, Arezki; Hamant, Olivier

2016-01-01

Cell geometry has long been proposed to play a key role in the orientation of symmetric cell division planes. In particular, the recently proposed Besson–Dumais rule generalizes Errera’s rule and predicts that cells divide along one of the local minima of plane area. However, this rule has been tested only on tissues with rather local spherical shape and homogeneous growth. Here, we tested the application of the Besson–Dumais rule to the divisions occurring in the Arabidopsis shoot apex, which contains domains with anisotropic curvature and differential growth. We found that the Besson–Dumais rule works well in the central part of the apex, but fails to account for cell division planes in the saddle-shaped boundary region. Because curvature anisotropy and differential growth prescribe directional tensile stress in that region, we tested the putative contribution of anisotropic stress fields to cell division plane orientation at the shoot apex. To do so, we compared two division rules: geometrical (new plane along the shortest path) and mechanical (new plane along maximal tension). The mechanical division rule reproduced the enrichment of long planes observed in the boundary region. Experimental perturbation of mechanical stress pattern further supported a contribution of anisotropic tensile stress in division plane orientation. Importantly, simulations of tissues growing in an isotropic stress field, and dividing along maximal tension, provided division plane distributions comparable to those obtained with the geometrical rule. We thus propose that division plane orientation by tensile stress offers a general rule for symmetric cell division in plants. PMID:27436908

Guggenheim's rule and the enthalpy of vaporization of simple and polar fluids, molten salts, and room temperature ionic liquids.

PubMed

Weiss, Volker C

2010-07-22

One of Guggenheim's many corresponding-states rules for simple fluids implies that the molar enthalpy of vaporization (determined at the temperature at which the pressure reaches 1/50th of its critical value, which approximately coincides with the normal boiling point) divided by the critical temperature has a value of roughly 5.2R, where R is the universal gas constant. For more complex fluids, such as strongly polar and ionic fluids, one must expect deviations from Guggenheim's rule. Such a deviation has far-reaching consequences for other empirical rules related to the vaporization of fluids, namely Guldberg's rule and Trouton's rule. We evaluate these characteristic quantities for simple fluids, polar fluids, hydrogen-bonding fluids, simple inorganic molten salts, and room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). For the ionic fluids, the critical parameters are not accessible to direct experimental observation; therefore, suitable extrapolation schemes have to be applied. For the RTILs [1-n-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imides, where the alkyl chain is ethyl, butyl, hexyl, or octyl], the critical temperature is estimated by extrapolating the surface tension to zero using Guggenheim's and Eotvos' rules; the critical density is obtained using the linear-diameter rule. It is shown that the RTILs adhere to Guggenheim's master curve for the reduced surface tension of simple and moderately polar fluids, but that they deviate significantly from his rule for the reduced enthalpy of vaporization of simple fluids. Consequences for evaluating the Trouton constant of RTILs, the value of which has been discussed controversially in the literature, are indicated.

Promoting respect for the rules and injury prevention in ice hockey: evaluation of the fair-play program.

PubMed

Brunelle, J P; Goulet, C; Arguin, H

2005-09-01

To reduce the number of transgressions to the rule, the occurrence of violent acts and to prevent injuries, Hockey Québec adopted the Fair-Play Program (FPP). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the FPP. 52 Bantam (14-15 years) teams participated in this cohort study. In total, 49 games (13 with the FPP, 36 without FPP) were systematically assessed for transgressions to the rule. Body checking was allowed in all games. Transgressions to the rule data were obtained using a real time observation system in a natural setting, while injury data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using generalised linear models with generalised estimating equations accounting for potential team effect. The number of penalties per game was significantly lower (p < 0.01) for games played with the FPP. Overall, no difference was noted in the number of transgressions observed during games played with or without the FPP. Players in leagues where the FPP was used held their opponents more frequently (p < 0.0001). On the other hand, players in leagues without the FPP shoved and hit more (p = 0.05). No difference was noted in the injury rate for games played with or without the FPP. This study showed that the FPP is one of the tools available to help those in the hockey world promote fair play values. Moreover, this project clearly showed the importance of program evaluation and the value of direct observation in a natural setting.

Diverse strategy-learning styles promote cooperation in evolutionary spatial prisoner's dilemma game

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Run-Ran; Jia, Chun-Xiao; Rong, Zhihai

2015-11-01

Observational learning and practice learning are two important learning styles and play important roles in our information acquisition. In this paper, we study a spacial evolutionary prisoner's dilemma game, where players can choose the observational learning rule or the practice learning rule when updating their strategies. In the proposed model, we use a parameter p controlling the preference of players choosing the observational learning rule, and found that there exists an optimal value of p leading to the highest cooperation level, which indicates that the cooperation can be promoted by these two learning rules collaboratively and one single learning rule is not favor the promotion of cooperation. By analysing the dynamical behavior of the system, we find that the observational learning rule can make the players residing on cooperative clusters more easily realize the bad sequence of mutual defection. However, a too high observational learning probability suppresses the players to form compact cooperative clusters. Our results highlight the importance of a strategy-updating rule, more importantly, the observational learning rule in the evolutionary cooperation.

77 FR 72746 - Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives: Modifications to Renewable Fuel Standard and Diesel...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-06

...EPA published a direct final rule on October 9, 2012 to amend the definition of heating oil in 40 CFR 80.1401 in the Renewable Fuel Standard (``RFS'') program under section 211(o) of the Clean Air Act. The direct final rule also amended requirements under EPA's diesel sulfur program related to the sulfur content of locomotive and marine diesel fuel produced by transmix processors, and the fuel marker requirements for 500 ppm sulfur locomotive and marine (LM) diesel fuel to allow for solvent yellow 124 marker to transition out of the distribution system. Because EPA received adverse comments on the heating oil definition and transmix amendments, we are withdrawing those portions of the direct final rule. Because EPA did not receive adverse comments with respect to the yellow marker amendments, those amendments will become effective as indicated in the direct final rule.

New insight into the comparative power of quality-control rules that use control observations within a single analytical run.

PubMed

Parvin, C A

1993-03-01

The error detection characteristics of quality-control (QC) rules that use control observations within a single analytical run are investigated. Unlike the evaluation of QC rules that span multiple analytical runs, most of the fundamental results regarding the performance of QC rules applied within a single analytical run can be obtained from statistical theory, without the need for simulation studies. The case of two control observations per run is investigated for ease of graphical display, but the conclusions can be extended to more than two control observations per run. Results are summarized in a graphical format that offers many interesting insights into the relations among the various QC rules. The graphs provide heuristic support to the theoretical conclusions that no QC rule is best under all error conditions, but the multirule that combines the mean rule and a within-run standard deviation rule offers an attractive compromise.

Public Notification Rulemaking Documents

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

When EPA is directed to revise a regulation the Agency publishes a proposed rule. The proposed rule includes all the ideas the Agency has for how to improve the Rule. The publication of the proposed rule is also a way to ask the public for input.

75 FR 41264 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; International Securities Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-15

... Rule Change Relating To Amending the Direct Edge ECN Fee Schedule; Correction AGENCY: Securities and... Effectiveness of Proposed Rule Change Relating to Amending the Direct Edge ECN Fee Schedule by the International...

Federal Employees Health Benefits Program miscellaneous changes: Medically Underserved Areas. Direct final rule.

PubMed

2014-12-17

The U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) is issuing a direct final rule to discontinue the annual determination of the Medically Underserved Areas (MUAs) for the Federal Employees Health Benefits (FEHB) Program.

A generalization of Hamilton's rule--love others how much?

PubMed

Alger, Ingela; Weibull, Jörgen W

2012-04-21

According to Hamilton's (1964a, b) rule, a costly action will be undertaken if its fitness cost to the actor falls short of the discounted benefit to the recipient, where the discount factor is Wright's index of relatedness between the two. We propose a generalization of this rule, and show that if evolution operates at the level of behavior rules, rather than directly at the level of actions, evolution will select behavior rules that induce a degree of cooperation that may differ from that predicted by Hamilton's rule as applied to actions. In social dilemmas there will be less (more) cooperation than under Hamilton's rule if the actions are strategic substitutes (complements). Our approach is based on natural selection, defined in terms of personal (direct) fitness, and applies to a wide range of pairwise interactions. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

76 FR 76204 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-06

... Proposed Rule Change To Eliminate Exchange Direct Orders November 30, 2011. Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of... (``Commission'') a proposal for the NASDAQ Options Market (``NOM'') to eliminate Exchange Direct Orders... Direct Orders from its rules. The Exchange proposes to eliminate this order type, effective November 30...

75 FR 48390 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX BX, Inc.; Order Approving a Proposed Rule Change...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-10

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-62638; File No. SR-BX-2010-043] Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX BX, Inc.; Order Approving a Proposed Rule Change Relating to Pricing for Direct... establish pricing for 10Gb direct circuit connections and codify pricing for 1Gb direct circuit connections...

75 FR 19451 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; International Securities Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-14

... Rule Change Relating To Amending the Direct Edge ECN Fee Schedule April 7, 2010. Pursuant to Section 19... of the Proposed Rule Change The Exchange proposes to amend Direct Edge ECN's (``DECN'') fee schedule... EDGA Exchange, Inc. and EDGX Exchange, Inc. Direct Edge ECN LLC (EDGA and EDGX) will cease to operate...

75 FR 27034 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; International Securities Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and Order...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-13

... to a Proposed Rule Change Relating to the Amounts That Direct Edge ECN, in Its Capacity as an... Rule Change The Exchange proposes to modify the amounts that Direct Edge ECN (``DECN''), in its... change to amend Direct Edge ECN's (``DECN'') fee schedule for ISE Members \\4\\ to: (i) Change the rates...

75 FR 39311 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; International Securities Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and Order...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-08

... to a Proposed Rule Change Relating to the Amounts That Direct Edge ECN, in Its Capacity as an... Rule Change The Exchange proposes to modify the amounts that Direct Edge ECN (``DECN''), in its... Exchange, Inc. (``EDGA and EDGX Exchanges'') [sic] Direct Edge ECN will cease to operate in its capacity as...

Migration of cells in a social context.

PubMed

Vedel, Søren; Tay, Savaş; Johnston, Darius M; Bruus, Henrik; Quake, Stephen R

2013-01-02

In multicellular organisms and complex ecosystems, cells migrate in a social context. Whereas this is essential for the basic processes of life, the influence of neighboring cells on the individual remains poorly understood. Previous work on isolated cells has observed a stereotypical migratory behavior characterized by short-time directional persistence with long-time random movement. We discovered a much richer dynamic in the social context, with significant variations in directionality, displacement, and speed, which are all modulated by local cell density. We developed a mathematical model based on the experimentally identified "cellular traffic rules" and basic physics that revealed that these emergent behaviors are caused by the interplay of single-cell properties and intercellular interactions, the latter being dominated by a pseudopod formation bias mediated by secreted chemicals and pseudopod collapse following collisions. The model demonstrates how aspects of complex biology can be explained by simple rules of physics and constitutes a rapid test bed for future studies of collective migration of individual cells.

Student Understanding of Cross Product Direction and Use of Right-hand Rules: An Exploration of Representation and Context-dependence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kustusch, Mary Bridget

2011-12-01

Students in introductory physics struggle with vector algebra and with cross product direction in particular. Some have suggested that this may be due to misapplied right-hand rules, but there are few studies that have had the resolution to explore this. Additionally, previous research on student understanding has noted several kinds of representation-dependence of student performance with vector algebra in both physics and non-physics (or math) contexts (e.g. Hawkins et al., 2009; Van Deventer, 2008). Yet with few exceptions (e.g. Scaife and Heckler, 2010), these findings have not been applied to cross product direction questions or the use of right-hand rules. Also, the extensive work in spatial cognition is particularly applicable to cross product direction due to the spatial and kinesthetic nature of the right-hand rule. A synthesis of the literature from these various fields reveals four categories of problem features likely to impact the understanding of cross product direction: (1) the type of reasoning required, (2) the orientation of the vectors, (3) the need for parallel transport, and (4) the physics context and features (or lack thereof). These features formed the basis of the present effort to systematically explore the context-dependence and representation- dependence of student performance on cross product direction questions. This study used a mix of qualitative and quantitative techniques to analyze twenty-seven individual think-aloud interviews. During these interviews, second semester introductory physics students answered 80-100 cross product direction questions in different contexts and with varying problem features. These features were then used as the predictors in regression analyses for correctness and response time. In addition, each problem was coded for the methods used and the errors made to gain a deeper understanding of student behavior and the impact of these features. The results revealed a wide variety of methods (including six different right-hand rules), many different types of errors, and significant context-dependence and representation-dependence for the features mentioned above. Problems that required reasoning backward to find A⃗ (for C⃗=A⃗ xB⃗ ) presented the biggest challenge for students. Participants who recognized the non-commutativity of the cross product would often reverse the order ( B⃗xA⃗ ) on these problems. Also, this error occurred less frequently when a Guess and Check method was used in addition to the right-hand rule. Three different aspects of orientation had a significant impact on performance: (1) the physical discomfort of using a right-hand rule, (2) the plane of the given vectors, and to a lesser extent, (3) the angle between the vectors. One participant was more likely to switch the order of the vectors for the physically awkward orientations than for the physically easy orientations; and there was evidence that some of the difficulty with vector orientations that were not in the xy-plane was due to misinterpretations of the into and out of the page symbols. The impact of both physical discomfort and the plane of the vectors was reduced when participants rotated the paper. Unlike other problem features, the issue of parallel transport did not appear to be nearly as prevalent for cross product direction as it is for vector addition and subtraction. In addition to these findings, this study confirmed earlier findings regarding physics difficulties with magnetic field and magnetic force, such as differences in performance based on the representation of magnetic field (Scaife and Heckler, 2010) and confusion between electric and magnetic fields (Maloney et al., 2001). It also provided evidence of physics difficulties with magnetic field and magnetic force that have been suspected but never explored, specifically the impact of the sign of the charge and the observation location. This study demonstrated that student difficulty with cross product direction is not as simple as misapplied right-hand rules, although this is an issue. Student behavior on cross product direction questions is significantly dependent on both the context of the question and the representation of various problem features. Although more research is necessary, particularly in regard to individual differences, this study represents a significant step forward in our understanding of student difficulties with cross product direction.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Valkenburg, Wessel, E-mail: wessel.valkenburg@lapp.in2p3.fr

It has been argued that the Swiss-Cheese cosmology can mimic Dark Energy, when it comes to the observed luminosity distance-redshift relation. Besides the fact that this effect tends to disappear on average over random directions, we show in this work that based on the Rees-Sciama effect on the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the Swiss-Cheese model can be ruled out if all holes have a radius larger than about 35 Mpc. We also show that for smaller holes, the CMB is not observably affected, and that the small holes can still mimic Dark Energy, albeit in special directions, as opposed tomore » previous conclusions in the literature. However, in this limit, the probability of looking in a special direction where the luminosity of supernovae is sufficiently supressed becomes very small, at least in the case of a lattice of spherical holes considered in this paper.« less

18 CFR 385.1111 - Conferences (Rule 1111).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...). 385.1111 Section 385.1111 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PROCEDURAL RULES RULES OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE Petitions for Adjustments Under the NGPA § 385.1111 Conferences (Rule 1111). Staff may direct that a conference be convened. The...

78 FR 10573 - Used Motor Vehicle Trade Regulation Rule

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-14

... FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION 16 CFR Part 455 Used Motor Vehicle Trade Regulation Rule AGENCY: Federal... (``NPR'') concerning proposed changes to the Used Motor Vehicle Trade Regulation Rule (``Used Car Rule... the Buyers Guide encouraging consumers to seek vehicle history information and directing consumers to...

77 FR 57017 - Privacy Act; Implementation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-17

... Act; Implementation AGENCY: Defense Intelligence Agency, DoD. ACTION: Direct final rule with request for comments. SUMMARY: Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) is proposing to update the DIA Privacy Act... Records. This direct final rule makes nonsubstantive changes to the Defense Intelligence Agency Program...

Probing cosmic anisotropy with gravitational waves as standard sirens

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cai, Rong-Gen; Liu, Tong-Bo; Liu, Xue-Wen; Wang, Shao-Jiang; Yang, Tao

2018-05-01

The gravitational wave (GW) as a standard siren directly determines the luminosity distance from the gravitational waveform without reference to the specific cosmological model, of which the redshift can be obtained separately by means of the electromagnetic counterpart like GW events from binary neutron stars and massive black hole binaries (MBHBs). To see to what extent the standard siren can reproduce the presumed dipole anisotropy written in the simulated data of standard siren events from typical configurations of GW detectors, we find that (1) for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna with different MBHB models during five-year observations, the cosmic isotropy can be ruled out at 3 σ confidence level (C.L.) and the dipole direction can be constrained roughly around 20% at 2 σ C.L., as long as the dipole amplitude is larger than 0.04, 0.06 and 0.03 for MBHB models Q3d, pop III and Q3nod with increasing constraining ability, respectively; (2) for the Einstein telescope with no less than 200 standard siren events, the cosmic isotropy can be ruled out at 3 σ C.L. if the dipole amplitude is larger than 0.06, and the dipole direction can be constrained within 20% at 3 σ C.L. if the dipole amplitude is near 0.1; (3) for the Deci-Hertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory with no less than 100 standard siren events, the cosmic isotropy can be ruled out at 3 σ C.L. for dipole amplitude larger than 0.03, and the dipole direction can even be constrained within 10% at 3 σ C.L. if the dipole amplitude is larger than 0.07. Our work manifests the promising perspective of the constraint ability on the cosmic anisotropy from the standard siren approach.

Direct Final Rule for Technical Amendments for Marine Spark-Ignition Engines and Vessels

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Rule published September 16, 2010 to make technical amendments to the design standard for portable marine fuel tanks. This rule incorporates safe recommended practices, developed through industry consensus.

Unconventional Oil and Gas Extraction Effluent Guidelines

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Overview and documents for the Unconventional Oil and Gas Extraction Pretreatment Standards final rule (6/28/2016), direct final rule (Sept. 2016) and proposed rule (Sept. 2016). 40 CFR Part 435, Subpart C.

29 CFR 102.26 - Motions, rulings, and orders part of the record; rulings not to be appealed directly to the Board...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... regional director or by the administrative law judge on motions and/or by the administrative law judge on... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Motions, rulings, and orders part of the record; rulings... Unfair Labor Practices 1 Motions § 102.26 Motions, rulings, and orders part of the record; rulings not to...

Learning Problem-Solving Rules as Search Through a Hypothesis Space.

PubMed

Lee, Hee Seung; Betts, Shawn; Anderson, John R

2016-07-01

Learning to solve a class of problems can be characterized as a search through a space of hypotheses about the rules for solving these problems. A series of four experiments studied how different learning conditions affected the search among hypotheses about the solution rule for a simple computational problem. Experiment 1 showed that a problem property such as computational difficulty of the rules biased the search process and so affected learning. Experiment 2 examined the impact of examples as instructional tools and found that their effectiveness was determined by whether they uniquely pointed to the correct rule. Experiment 3 compared verbal directions with examples and found that both could guide search. The final experiment tried to improve learning by using more explicit verbal directions or by adding scaffolding to the example. While both manipulations improved learning, learning still took the form of a search through a hypothesis space of possible rules. We describe a model that embodies two assumptions: (1) the instruction can bias the rules participants hypothesize rather than directly be encoded into a rule; (2) participants do not have memory for past wrong hypotheses and are likely to retry them. These assumptions are realized in a Markov model that fits all the data by estimating two sets of probabilities. First, the learning condition induced one set of Start probabilities of trying various rules. Second, should this first hypothesis prove wrong, the learning condition induced a second set of Choice probabilities of considering various rules. These findings broaden our understanding of effective instruction and provide implications for instructional design. Copyright © 2015 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.

75 FR 17980 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; International Securities Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-08

... Rule Change Relating to Amending the Direct Edge ECN Fee Schedule April 1, 2010. Pursuant to Section 19... Statement of the Terms of Substance of the Proposed Rule Change The Exchange proposes to amend Direct Edge... EDGA Exchange, Inc. and EDGX Exchange, Inc. Direct Edge ECN LLC (EDGA and EDGX) will cease to operate...

Scalar mixtures in porous media

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kree, Mihkel; Villermaux, Emmanuel

2017-10-01

Using a technique allowing for in situ measurements of concentrations fields, the evolution of scalar mixtures flowing within a porous medium made of a three-dimensional random stack of solid spheres, is addressed. Two distinct fluorescent dyes are injected from separate sources. Their evolution as they disperse and mix through the medium is directly observed and quantified, which is made possible by matching the refractive indices of the spheres and the flowing interstitial liquid. We decipher the nature of the interaction rule between the scalar sources, explaining the phenomenon that alters the concentration distribution of the overall mixture as it decays toward uniformity. Any residual correlation of the initially merged sources is progressively hidden, leading to an effective fully random interaction rule of the two distinct subfields.

A Better Budget Rule

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dothan, Michael; Thompson, Fred

2009-01-01

Debt limits, interest coverage ratios, one-off balanced budget requirements, pay-as-you-go rules, and tax and expenditure limits are among the most important fiscal rules for constraining intertemporal transfers. There is considerable evidence that the least costly and most effective of such rules are those that focus directly on the rate of…

Binary translation using peephole translation rules

DOEpatents

Bansal, Sorav; Aiken, Alex

2010-05-04

An efficient binary translator uses peephole translation rules to directly translate executable code from one instruction set to another. In a preferred embodiment, the translation rules are generated using superoptimization techniques that enable the translator to automatically learn translation rules for translating code from the source to target instruction set architecture.

76 FR 19171 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; National Stock Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-06

... instant rule filing proposes to add an explanatory ``Interpretation and Policy'' to Rule 11.11(d) to... DirectEdge, the use of the Replace Message to adjust Tag 111 under the instant rule filing is proposed to... specification. The instant rule change also proposes to modify the language of NSX Rule 11.14 (Priority of...

Observation of the helicity-selection-rule suppressed decay of the χc 2 charmonium state

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ablikim, M.; Achasov, M. N.; Ahmed, S.; Ai, X. C.; Albayrak, O.; Albrecht, M.; Ambrose, D. J.; Amoroso, A.; An, F. F.; An, Q.; Bai, J. Z.; Bakina, O.; Baldini Ferroli, R.; Ban, Y.; Bennett, D. W.; Bennett, J. V.; Berger, N.; Bertani, M.; Bettoni, D.; Bian, J. M.; Bianchi, F.; Boger, E.; Boyko, I.; Briere, R. A.; Cai, H.; Cai, X.; Cakir, O.; Calcaterra, A.; Cao, G. F.; Cetin, S. A.; Chai, J.; Chang, J. F.; Chelkov, G.; Chen, G.; Chen, H. S.; Chen, J. C.; Chen, M. L.; Chen, S.; Chen, S. J.; Chen, X.; Chen, X. R.; Chen, Y. B.; Chu, X. K.; Cibinetto, G.; Dai, H. L.; Dai, J. P.; Dbeyssi, A.; Dedovich, D.; Deng, Z. Y.; Denig, A.; Denysenko, I.; Destefanis, M.; de Mori, F.; Ding, Y.; Dong, C.; Dong, J.; Dong, L. Y.; Dong, M. Y.; Dou, Z. L.; Du, S. X.; Duan, P. F.; Fan, J. Z.; Fang, J.; Fang, S. S.; Fang, X.; Fang, Y.; Farinelli, R.; Fava, L.; Feldbauer, F.; Felici, G.; Feng, C. Q.; Fioravanti, E.; Fritsch, M.; Fu, C. D.; Gao, Q.; Gao, X. L.; Gao, Y.; Gao, Z.; Garzia, I.; Goetzen, K.; Gong, L.; Gong, W. X.; Gradl, W.; Greco, M.; Gu, M. H.; Gu, Y. T.; Guan, Y. H.; Guo, A. Q.; Guo, L. B.; Guo, R. P.; Guo, Y.; Guo, Y. P.; Haddadi, Z.; Hafner, A.; Han, S.; Hao, X. Q.; Harris, F. A.; He, K. L.; Heinsius, F. H.; Held, T.; Heng, Y. K.; Holtmann, T.; Hou, Z. L.; Hu, C.; Hu, H. M.; Hu, T.; Hu, Y.; Huang, G. S.; Huang, J. S.; Huang, X. T.; Huang, X. Z.; Huang, Z. L.; Hussain, T.; Ikegami Andersson, W.; Ji, Q.; Ji, Q. P.; Ji, X. B.; Ji, X. L.; Jiang, L. W.; Jiang, X. S.; Jiang, X. Y.; Jiao, J. B.; Jiao, Z.; Jin, D. P.; Jin, S.; Johansson, T.; Julin, A.; Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N.; Kang, X. L.; Kang, X. S.; Kavatsyuk, M.; Ke, B. C.; Kiese, P.; Kliemt, R.; Kloss, B.; Kolcu, O. B.; Kopf, B.; Kornicer, M.; Kupsc, A.; Kühn, W.; Lange, J. S.; Lara, M.; Larin, P.; Leithoff, H.; Leng, C.; Li, C.; Li, Cheng; Li, D. M.; Li, F.; Li, F. Y.; Li, G.; Li, H. B.; Li, H. J.; Li, J. C.; Li, Jin; Li, K.; Li, K.; Li, Lei; Li, P. R.; Li, Q. Y.; Li, T.; Li, W. D.; Li, W. G.; Li, X. L.; Li, X. N.; Li, X. Q.; Li, Y. B.; Li, Z. B.; Liang, H.; Liang, Y. F.; Liang, Y. T.; Liao, G. R.; Lin, D. X.; Liu, B.; Liu, B. J.; Liu, C. X.; Liu, D.; Liu, F. H.; Liu, Fang; Liu, Feng; Liu, H. B.; Liu, H. H.; Liu, H. H.; Liu, H. M.; Liu, J.; Liu, J. B.; Liu, J. P.; Liu, J. Y.; Liu, K.; Liu, K. Y.; Liu, L. D.; Liu, P. L.; Liu, Q.; Liu, S. B.; Liu, X.; Liu, Y. B.; Liu, Y. Y.; Liu, Z. A.; Liu, Zhiqing; Loehner, H.; Long, Y. F.; Lou, X. C.; Lu, H. J.; Lu, J. G.; Lu, Y.; Lu, Y. P.; Luo, C. L.; Luo, M. X.; Luo, T.; Luo, X. L.; Lyu, X. R.; Ma, F. C.; Ma, H. L.; Ma, L. L.; Ma, M. M.; Ma, Q. M.; Ma, T.; Ma, X. N.; Ma, X. Y.; Ma, Y. M.; Maas, F. E.; Maggiora, M.; Malik, Q. A.; Mao, Y. J.; Mao, Z. P.; Marcello, S.; Messchendorp, J. G.; Mezzadri, G.; Min, J.; Min, T. J.; Mitchell, R. E.; Mo, X. H.; Mo, Y. J.; Morales Morales, C.; Muchnoi, N. Yu.; Muramatsu, H.; Musiol, P.; Nefedov, Y.; Nerling, F.; Nikolaev, I. B.; Ning, Z.; Nisar, S.; Niu, S. L.; Niu, X. Y.; Olsen, S. L.; Ouyang, Q.; Pacetti, S.; Pan, Y.; Patteri, P.; Pelizaeus, M.; Peng, H. P.; Peters, K.; Pettersson, J.; Ping, J. L.; Ping, R. G.; Poling, R.; Prasad, V.; Qi, H. R.; Qi, M.; Qian, S.; Qiao, C. F.; Qin, L. Q.; Qin, N.; Qin, X. S.; Qin, Z. H.; Qiu, J. F.; Rashid, K. H.; Redmer, C. F.; Ripka, M.; Rong, G.; Rosner, Ch.; Ruan, X. D.; Sarantsev, A.; Savrié, M.; Schnier, C.; Schoenning, K.; Shan, W.; Shao, M.; Shen, C. P.; Shen, P. X.; Shen, X. Y.; Sheng, H. Y.; Song, W. M.; Song, X. Y.; Sosio, S.; Spataro, S.; Sun, G. X.; Sun, J. F.; Sun, S. S.; Sun, X. H.; Sun, Y. J.; Sun, Y. Z.; Sun, Z. J.; Sun, Z. T.; Tang, C. J.; Tang, X.; Tapan, I.; Thorndike, E. H.; Tiemens, M.; Uman, I.; Varner, G. S.; Wang, B.; Wang, B. L.; Wang, D.; Wang, D. Y.; Wang, K.; Wang, L. L.; Wang, L. S.; Wang, M.; Wang, P.; Wang, P. L.; Wang, W.; Wang, W. P.; Wang, X. F.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y. D.; Wang, Y. F.; Wang, Y. Q.; Wang, Z.; Wang, Z. G.; Wang, Z. H.; Wang, Z. Y.; Wang, Z. Y.; Weber, T.; Wei, D. H.; Weidenkaff, P.; Wen, S. P.; Wiedner, U.; Wolke, M.; Wu, L. H.; Wu, L. J.; Wu, Z.; Xia, L.; Xia, L. G.; Xia, Y.; Xiao, D.; Xiao, H.; Xiao, Z. J.; Xie, Y. G.; Xie, Y. H.; Xiu, Q. L.; Xu, G. F.; Xu, J. J.; Xu, L.; Xu, Q. J.; Xu, Q. N.; Xu, X. P.; Yan, L.; Yan, W. B.; Yan, W. C.; Yan, Y. H.; Yang, H. J.; Yang, H. X.; Yang, L.; Yang, Y. X.; Ye, M.; Ye, M. H.; Yin, J. H.; You, Z. Y.; Yu, B. X.; Yu, C. X.; Yu, J. S.; Yuan, C. Z.; Yuan, Y.; Yuncu, A.; Zafar, A. A.; Zeng, Y.; Zeng, Z.; Zhang, B. X.; Zhang, B. Y.; Zhang, C. C.; Zhang, D. H.; Zhang, H. H.; Zhang, H. Y.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, J. J.; Zhang, J. L.; Zhang, J. Q.; Zhang, J. W.; Zhang, J. Y.; Zhang, J. Z.; Zhang, K.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, S. Q.; Zhang, X. Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Y. H.; Zhang, Y. N.; Zhang, Y. T.; Zhang, Yu; Zhang, Z. H.; Zhang, Z. P.; Zhang, Z. Y.; Zhao, G.; Zhao, J. W.; Zhao, J. Y.; Zhao, J. Z.; Zhao, Lei; Zhao, Ling; Zhao, M. G.; Zhao, Q.; Zhao, Q. W.; Zhao, S. J.; Zhao, T. C.; Zhao, Y. B.; Zhao, Z. G.; Zhemchugov, A.; Zheng, B.; Zheng, J. P.; Zheng, W. J.; Zheng, Y. H.; Zhong, B.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, X.; Zhou, X. K.; Zhou, X. R.; Zhou, X. Y.; Zhu, K.; Zhu, K. J.; Zhu, S.; Zhu, S. H.; Zhu, X. L.; Zhu, Y. C.; Zhu, Y. S.; Zhu, Z. A.; Zhuang, J.; Zotti, L.; Zou, B. S.; Zou, J. H.; Besiii Collaboration

2017-12-01

The decays of χc 2→K+K-π0, KSK±π∓, and π+π-π0 are studied with the ψ (3686 ) data samples collected with the Beijing Spectrometer (BESIII). For the first time, the branching fractions of χc 2→K*K ¯, χc 2→a2±(1320 )π∓/a20(1320 )π0 , and χc 2→ρ (770 )±π∓ are measured. Here, K*K ¯ denotes both K*±K∓ and its isospin-conjugated process K*0K¯ 0+c .c . , and K* denotes the resonances K*(892 ), K2*(1430 ), and K3*(1780 ). The observations indicate a strong violation of the helicity selection rule in χc 2 decays into vector and pseudoscalar meson pairs. The measured branching fractions of χc 2→K*(892 )K ¯ are more than ten times larger than the upper limit of χc 2→ρ (770 )±π∓, which is so far the first direct observation of a significant U -spin symmetry breaking effect in charmonium decays.

Extending Linear Models to Non-Linear Contexts: An In-Depth Study about Two University Students' Mathematical Productions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Esteley, Cristina; Villarreal, Monica; Alagia, Humberto

2004-01-01

This research report presents a study of the work of agronomy majors in which an extension of linear models to non-linear contexts can be observed. By linear models we mean the model y=a.x+b, some particular representations of direct proportionality and the diagram for the rule of three. Its presence and persistence in different types of problems…

75 FR 38857 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-06

... Pricing for Direct Circuit Connections June 28, 2010. Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities... proposed rule change to establish pricing for 10Gb direct circuit connections and codify pricing for 10Gb...

Railway Online Booking System Design and Implementation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zongjiang, Wang

In this paper, we define rule usefulness and introduce one approach to evaluate the rule usefulness in rough sets. And we raise one method to get most useful rules. This method is easy and effective in applications of prisoners' reform. Comparing with the method to get most interesting rules, ours is direct and objective. Rule interestingness must consider the predefined knowledge on what kind of information is interesting. Our method greatly reduces the rule numbers generated and provides a measure of rule usefulness at the same time.

75 FR 43 - Modification of Class E Airspace; Beckley, WV

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-04

... and management of the aircraft operations at Raleigh County Memorial Airport. DATES: Effective 0901... Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Direct final rule, confirmation of effective date. SUMMARY: This action confirms the effective date of a direct final rule published in the Federal Register that...

75 FR 43 - Modification of Class E Airspace; Sarasota, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-04

... Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Direct final rule, confirmation of effective date. SUMMARY: This action confirms the effective date of a direct final rule published in the Federal Register that... increases the safety and management of the aircraft operations at Sarasota/Bradenton International Airport...

77 FR 20727 - Seagoing Barges

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-06

... response to the direct final rule. In the first comment, the commenter stated that without a definition of... that without a definition of the term ``manned,'' the rule would be ineffective. In the direct final... are adverse comments. In the first comment, the commenter expressed concern that, without a definition...

76 FR 45184 - Revisions to Direct Fee Payment Rules

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-28

... application package. Education or Equivalent Qualifications For a non-attorney representative to receive... Act of 2010 (PRA). We are making permanent the direct fee payment rules for eligible non- attorney... also are revising some of our eligibility policies for non-attorney representatives under titles II and...

Mission Impossible: Learning How a Classroom Works before It's Too Late!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tattershall, Sandra

1987-01-01

The article looks at the implicit rules of classroom functioning and the importance of students learning these rules, either through osmosis or direct rule instruction, during the first few weeks of school. Speech language pathologists can help at risk students identify critical components of teacher behavior and classroom rules. (DB)

Electron-Phonon Coupling and Resonant Relaxation from 1D and 1P States in PbS Quantum Dots.

PubMed

Kennehan, Eric R; Doucette, Grayson S; Marshall, Ashley R; Grieco, Christopher; Munson, Kyle T; Beard, Matthew C; Asbury, John B

2018-05-31

Observations of the hot-phonon bottleneck, which is predicted to slow the rate of hot carrier cooling in quantum confined nanocrystals, have been limited to date for reasons that are not fully understood. We used time-resolved infrared spectroscopy to directly measure higher energy intraband transitions in PbS colloidal quantum dots. Direct measurements of these intraband transitions permitted detailed analysis of the electronic overlap of the quantum confined states that may influence their relaxation processes. In smaller PbS nanocrystals, where the hot-phonon bottleneck is expected to be most pronounced, we found that relaxation of parity selection rules combined with stronger electron-phonon coupling led to greater spectral overlap of transitions among the quantum confined states. This created pathways for fast energy transfer and relaxation that may bypass the predicted hot-phonon bottleneck. In contrast, larger, but still quantum confined nanocrystals did not exhibit such relaxation of the parity selection rules and possessed narrower intraband states. These observations were consistent with slower relaxation dynamics that have been measured in larger quantum confined systems. These findings indicated that, at small radii, electron-phonon interactions overcome the advantageous increase in energetic separation of the electronic states for PbS quantum dots. Selection of appropriately sized quantum dots, which minimize spectral broadening due to electron-phonon interactions while maximizing electronic state separation, is necessary to observe the hot-phonon bottleneck. Such optimization may provide a framework for achieving efficient hot carrier collection and multiple exciton generation.

A New Approach for Resolving Conflicts in Actionable Behavioral Rules

PubMed Central

Zhu, Dan; Zeng, Daniel

2014-01-01

Knowledge is considered actionable if users can take direct actions based on such knowledge to their advantage. Among the most important and distinctive actionable knowledge are actionable behavioral rules that can directly and explicitly suggest specific actions to take to influence (restrain or encourage) the behavior in the users' best interest. However, in mining such rules, it often occurs that different rules may suggest the same actions with different expected utilities, which we call conflicting rules. To resolve the conflicts, a previous valid method was proposed. However, inconsistency of the measure for rule evaluating may hinder its performance. To overcome this problem, we develop a new method that utilizes rule ranking procedure as the basis for selecting the rule with the highest utility prediction accuracy. More specifically, we propose an integrative measure, which combines the measures of the support and antecedent length, to evaluate the utility prediction accuracies of conflicting rules. We also introduce a tunable weight parameter to allow the flexibility of integration. We conduct several experiments to test our proposed approach and evaluate the sensitivity of the weight parameter. Empirical results indicate that our approach outperforms those from previous research. PMID:25162054

75 FR 72963 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Maryland; Control of Volatile...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-29

... Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Maryland; Control of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions From Industrial Solvent Cleaning Operations; Withdrawal of Direct Final Rule AGENCY: Environmental Protection... withdrawing the direct final rule to approve revisions to Maryland's State Implementation Plan (SIP). This SIP...

77 FR 53769 - Receipts-Based, Small Business Size Standard; Confirmation of Effective Date

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-04

...-Based, Small Business Size Standard; Confirmation of Effective Date AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Direct final rule; confirmation of effective date. SUMMARY: The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is confirming the effective date of August 22, 2012, for the direct final rule that appeared...

75 FR 42 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Spencer, WV

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-04

... Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Direct final rule; confirmation of effective date. SUMMARY: This action confirms the effective date of a direct final rule published in the Federal Register that establishes Class E Airspace at Spencer, WV. This action enhances the safety and airspace management of Boggs...

77 FR 65497 - Gross Combination Weight Rating (GCWR); Definition

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-29

... [Docket No. FMCSA-2012-0156] RIN 2126-AB53 Gross Combination Weight Rating (GCWR); Definition AGENCY...: FMCSA withdraws its August 27, 2012, direct final rule (DFR) amending the definition of ``gross... definition. DATES: The direct final rule published August 27, 2012 (77 FR 51706) is withdrawn effective...

78 FR 65582 - Single Family Housing Direct Loan Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-01

... contains notices to the public of #0;the proposed issuance of rules and regulations. The purpose of these... CFR Part 3550 RIN 0575-AC88 Single Family Housing Direct Loan Program AGENCY: Rural Housing Service, USDA. ACTION: Proposed rule and information collection; extension of public comment period. SUMMARY...

76 FR 17782 - Protection for Whistleblowers in the Coast Guard

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-31

... rule will go into effect as scheduled. DATES: The effective date of the direct final rule published... rule will go into effect as scheduled, on April 20, 2011. Dated: March 25, 2011. F.J. Kenney, Rear...

76 FR 37549 - Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Furnaces and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-27

...The Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (EPCA), as amended, prescribes energy conservation standards for various consumer products and certain commercial and industrial equipment, including residential furnaces and residential central air conditioners and heat pumps. EPCA also requires the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to determine whether more-stringent, amended standards for these products would be technologically feasible and economically justified, and would save a significant amount of energy. In this notice, DOE proposes energy conservation standards for residential furnaces and for residential central air conditioners and heat pumps identical to those set forth in a direct final rule published elsewhere in today's Federal Register. If DOE receives adverse comment and determines that such comment may provide a reasonable basis for withdrawing the direct final rule, DOE will publish a notice withdrawing the direct final rule and will proceed with this proposed rule.

Sum Rules of Charm CP Asymmetries beyond the SU(3)_{F} Limit.

PubMed

Müller, Sarah; Nierste, Ulrich; Schacht, Stefan

2015-12-18

We find new sum rules between direct CP asymmetries in D meson decays with coefficients that can be determined from a global fit to branching ratio data. Our sum rules eliminate the penguin topologies P and PA, which cannot be determined from branching ratios. In this way, we can make predictions about direct CP asymmetries in the standard model without ad hoc assumptions on the sizes of penguin diagrams. We consistently include first-order SU(3)_{F} breaking in the topological amplitudes extracted from the branching ratios. By confronting our sum rules with future precise data from LHCb and Belle II, one will identify or constrain new-physics contributions to P or PA. The first sum rule correlates the CP asymmetries a_{CP}^{dir} in D^{0}→K^{+}K^{-}, D^{0}→π^{+}π^{-}, and D^{0}→π^{0}π^{0}. We study the region of the a_{CP}^{dir}(D^{0}→π^{+}π^{-})-a_{CP}^{dir}(D^{0}→π^{0}π^{0}) plane allowed by current data and find that our sum rule excludes more than half of the allowed region at 95% C.L. Our second sum rule correlates the direct CP asymmetries in D^{+}→K[over ¯]^{0}K^{+}, D_{s}^{+}→K^{0}π^{+}, and D_{s}^{+}→K^{+}π^{0}.

Observation Care: Ethical and Legal Considerations for the Emergency Physician.

PubMed

Ali, Nissa J; Jesus, John; Smulowitz, Peter B

2016-03-01

The Medicare observation rules remain controversial despite Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services revisions and the new 2-midnight rule. The increased financial risks for patients and heightened awareness of the rule have placed emergency physicians (EPs) at the center of the controversy. This article reviews the primary ethical and legal (particularly with respect to the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act) implications of the existing observation rule for EPs and offers practical solutions for EPs faced with counseling patients on the meaning and ramifications of the observation rule. We conclude that while we believe it does not violate the intent of the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act to respond to patient questions about their admission status, the observation rules challenge the ethical principles of transparency related to the physician-patient relationship and justice as fairness. Guidance for physicians is offered to improve transparency and patient fairness. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

77 FR 15591 - Privacy Act; Implementation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-16

... Act; Implementation AGENCY: Defense Intelligence Agency, DoD. ACTION: Direct final rule with request for comments. SUMMARY: The Defense Intelligence Agency is deleting an exemption rule for LDIA 0275... Defense Intelligence Agency Privacy Program rules. These changes will allow the Department to transfer...

76 FR 49658 - Privacy Act; Implementation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-11

... Act; Implementation AGENCY: Defense Intelligence Agency, DoD. ACTION: Direct final rule with request for comments. SUMMARY: The Defense Intelligence Agency is deleting an exemption rule for LDIA 0275... Defense Intelligence Agency Privacy Program rules. These changes will allow the Department to transfer...

77 FR 15594 - Privacy Act; Implementation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-16

... Act; Implementation AGENCY: Defense Intelligence Agency, DoD. ACTION: Direct final rule with request for comments. SUMMARY: The Defense Intelligence Agency is deleting an exemption rule for LDIA 0800... Defense Intelligence Agency Privacy Program rules. These changes will allow the Department to transfer...

Creating a Culture: A Longitudinal Examination of the Influence of Management and Employee Values on Communication Rule Stability and Emergence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shockley-Zalabak, Pamela; Morley, Donald Dean

1994-01-01

Provides an examination of management and employee values as influential for organizational rule formation. Demonstrates that management values are directly related to employee values but indirectly influence the evolution of organization rules. Supports a view of rule emergence based on management and employee values. (HB)

76 FR 40457 - Administrative Simplification: Adoption of Operating Rules for Eligibility for a Health Plan and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-08

... Plan and Health Care Claim Status Transactions; Interim Final Rule #0;#0;Federal Register / Vol. 76, No... Simplification: Adoption of Operating Rules for Eligibility for a Health Plan and Health Care Claim Status... rules for the health care industry and directed the Secretary of Health and Human Services to ``adopt a...

76 FR 16534 - Hazardous Waste Management System Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste; Final Exclusion

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-24

... issued exclusion from taking effect in the State until the State approves the exclusion through a..., this final rule does not have federalism implications. It will not have substantial direct effects on... provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating the rule must submit a rule report...

Amendment to examination and investigation sample requirements--FDA. Direct final rule.

PubMed

1998-09-25

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is amending its regulations regarding the collection of twice the quantity of food, drug, or cosmetic estimated to be sufficient for analysis. This action increases the dollar amount that FDA will consider to determine whether to routinely collect a reserve sample of a food, drug, or cosmetic product in addition to the quantity sufficient for analysis. Experience has demonstrated that the current dollar amount does not adequately cover the cost of most quantities sufficient for analysis plus reserve samples. This direct final rule is part of FDA's continuing effort to achieve the objectives of the President's "Reinventing Government" initiative, and is intended to reduce the burden of unnecessary regulations on food, drugs, and cosmetics without diminishing the protection of the public health. Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, FDA is publishing a companion proposed rule under FDA's usual procedures for notice and comment to provide a procedural framework to finalize the rule in the event the agency receives any significant adverse comment and withdraws this direct final rule.

Enhanced image fusion using directional contrast rules in fuzzy transform domain.

PubMed

Nandal, Amita; Rosales, Hamurabi Gamboa

2016-01-01

In this paper a novel image fusion algorithm based on directional contrast in fuzzy transform (FTR) domain is proposed. Input images to be fused are first divided into several non-overlapping blocks. The components of these sub-blocks are fused using directional contrast based fuzzy fusion rule in FTR domain. The fused sub-blocks are then transformed into original size blocks using inverse-FTR. Further, these inverse transformed blocks are fused according to select maximum based fusion rule for reconstructing the final fused image. The proposed fusion algorithm is both visually and quantitatively compared with other standard and recent fusion algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method generates better results than the other methods.

75 FR 10855 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; New York Stock Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-09

... Proposed Rule Change Amending NYSE Rule 476 To Add a Provision for Violations Relating to Failing To... NYSE Rule 476 to add a provision for violations relating to failing to observe high standards of... ``Exchange'') proposes to amend Rule 476 to add a provision for violations relating to failing to observe...

Requiem for the max rule?

PubMed Central

Ma, Wei Ji; Shen, Shan; Dziugaite, Gintare; van den Berg, Ronald

2015-01-01

In tasks such as visual search and change detection, a key question is how observers integrate noisy measurements from multiple locations to make a decision. Decision rules proposed to model this process haven fallen into two categories: Bayes-optimal (ideal observer) rules and ad-hoc rules. Among the latter, the maximum-of-outputs (max) rule has been most prominent. Reviewing recent work and performing new model comparisons across a range of paradigms, we find that in all cases except for one, the optimal rule describes human data as well as or better than every max rule either previously proposed or newly introduced here. This casts doubt on the utility of the max rule for understanding perceptual decision-making. PMID:25584425

75 FR 16347 - Medical Devices; Pediatric Uses of Devices; Requirement for Submission of Information on...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-01

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration 21 CFR Part 814 [Docket No... Intended to Treat, Diagnose, or Cure; Direct Final Rule AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION: Direct final rule. SUMMARY: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is amending the regulations on...

77 FR 39180 - Withdrawal of Direct Final Rule Revising the California State Implementation Plan, South Coast...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-02

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 52 [EPA-R09-OAR-2012-0236; FRL-9690-9] Withdrawal of Direct Final Rule Revising the California State Implementation Plan, South Coast Air Quality Management... State Implementation Plan (SIP). This revision concerned South Coast Air Quality Management District...

77 FR 16923 - Agreements and Memoranda of Understanding Between the Food and Drug Administration and Other...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-23

...: Direct final rule. SUMMARY: This direct final rule makes technical changes that will update a requirement that many of our written agreements and memoranda of understanding (MOUs) with other departments..., accordingly, eliminates it. We are making these technical changes to conserve Agency time and resources...

77 FR 76952 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-31

... conventional cooking products, published on October 31, 2012, and DOE's direct final rule to amend energy... cooking products (77 FR 65942 (Oct. 31, 2012)) and its direct final rule to amend the energy conservation... Residential Dishwashers, Dehumidifiers, and Conventional Cooking Products and Docket No. EERE-2011-BT-STD-0060...

77 FR 57016 - Privacy Act; Implementation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-17

... Act; Implementation AGENCY: Defense Intelligence Agency, DoD. ACTION: Direct final rule with request for comments. SUMMARY: Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) is updating the DIA Privacy Act Program by... final rule makes non-substantive changes to the Defense Intelligence Agency Program rules. These changes...

77 FR 26474 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Maryland; Approval of 2011 Consent...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-04

...EPA proposes to approve State Implementation Plan (SIP) revisions submitted by the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE). These revisions approve specific provisions of a 2011 Consent Decree between MDE and GenOn to reduce particulate matter (PM), sulfur oxides (SOX), and nitrogen oxides (NOX) from the GenOn Chalk Point generating station (Chalk Point). These revisions also remove the 1978 and 1979 Consent Orders for the Chalk Point generating station from the Maryland SIP as those Consent Orders have been superseded by the 2011 Consent Decree. In the Final Rules section of this Federal Register, EPA is approving the State's SIP submittal as a direct final rule without prior proposal because the Agency views this as a noncontroversial submittal and anticipates no adverse comments. A detailed rationale for the approval is set forth in the direct final rule. If no adverse comments are received in response to this action, no further activity is contemplated. If EPA receives adverse comments, the direct final rule will be withdrawn and all public comments received will be addressed in a subsequent final rule based on this proposed rule. EPA will not institute a second comment period. Any parties interested in commenting on this action should do so at this time.

Diagnosing depression after stroke.

PubMed

Black, K J

1995-07-01

Neurobehavioral sequelae of strokes can limit a patient's ability to describe or express emotion, can cause him to give "yes" answers to the clinician who expects them, or can directly cause apathy or crying spells. Also, anosognosia for depressive signs can cause the patient to deny depressive signs that are objectively observable. These diagnostic confounders have not been adequately assessed in previous research on poststroke depression; thus many studies are of doubtful validity, as shown by studies of the dexamethasone suppression test for melancholia in stroke patients. Future studies on depression after stroke must prospectively rule out fluent aphasia, motor aprosody, and amnesia before relying on diagnostic information from the psychiatric interview, and the interview should always be supplemented by direct observation of vegetative signs and other behavior. With this extended information, major depression can and should be diagnosed using accepted symptom and duration criteria.

77 FR 68182 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; EDGX Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Withdrawal of Proposed Rule Change...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-15

... Rule 11.5(c) To Add the Edge Market Close\\SM\\ Order November 8, 2012. I. Introduction On July 27, 2012...-4 thereunder,\\2\\ a proposed rule change that would have introduced the Edge Market Close\\SM\\ (``EMC... Officer, DirectEdge, dated November 8, 2012. On November 6, 2012, the Exchange withdrew the proposed rule...

75 FR 10858 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of Proposed Rule...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-09

... LLC Amending NYSE Amex Rule 476 To Add a Provision for Violations Relating To Failing to Observe High... Rule 476 to add a provision for violations relating to failing to observe high standards of commercial... ``Exchange'') proposes to amend NYSE Amex Rule 476 to add a provision for violations relating to failing to...

77 FR 46298 - Phosphorus Water Quality Standards for Florida Everglades

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-03

... Phosphorus Water Quality Standards for Florida Everglades AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA... Quality Standards for Phosphorus in the Everglades Protection Area (Phosphorus Rule) and Florida's Amended... deficiencies in the Phosphorus Rule and EFA. EPA's disapproval, specific directions to the State, and this rule...

75 FR 5707 - Revising Standards Referenced in the Acetylene Standard

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-04

...: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Labor. ACTION: Proposed rule; withdrawal. SUMMARY: With this document, OSHA is withdrawing the proposed rule that accompanied its direct-final rule revising... and press inquiries: Contact Jennifer Ashley, Director, OSHA Office of Communications, Room N-3647, U...

Final Revisions Rule State Budgets and New Unit Set-Asides TSD

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This technical support document shows the underlying data and calculations used to quantify the state budget revisions and new unit set-aside revisions made in the final revisions rule, as well as those revisions included in the direct final revisions rule

77 FR 53873 - Defense Transportation Regulation, Part IV

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-04

...: The Department of Defense has published draft Direct Procurement Method (DPM) business rules for the....9R). These business rules will encompass Transportation Service Providers (TSP) participation and... Personal Property Program (DP3). The DPM business rules will replace the currently approved Domestic Small...

78 FR 3971 - Children's Online Privacy Protection Rule

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-17

...The Commission amends the Children's Online Privacy Protection Rule (``COPPA Rule'' or ``Rule''), consistent with the requirements of the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act, to clarify the scope of the Rule and strengthen its protections for children's personal information, in light of changes in online technology since the Rule went into effect in April 2000. The final amended Rule includes modifications to the definitions of operator, personal information, and Web site or online service directed to children. The amended Rule also updates the requirements set forth in the notice, parental consent, confidentiality and security, and safe harbor provisions, and adds a new provision addressing data retention and deletion.

Differential Contributions of Ventral and Dorsal Striatum to Early and Late Phases of Cognitive Set Reconfiguration

PubMed Central

Sleezer, Brianna J.; Hayden, Benjamin Y.

2017-01-01

Flexible decision-making, a defining feature of human cognition, is typically thought of as a canonical pFC function. Recent work suggests that the striatum may participate as well; however, its role in this process is not well understood. We recorded activity of neurons in both the ventral (VS) and dorsal (DS) striatum while rhesus macaques performed a version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, a classic test of flexibility. Our version of the task involved a trial-and-error phase before monkeys could identify the correct rule on each block. We observed changes in firing rate in both regions when monkeys switched rules. Specifically, VS neurons demonstrated switch-related activity early in the trial-and-error period when the rule needed to be updated, and a portion of these neurons signaled information about the switch context (i.e., whether the switch was intradimensional or extradimensional). Neurons in both VS and DS demonstrated switch-related activity at the end of the trial-and-error period, immediately before the rule was fully established and maintained, but these signals did not carry any information about switch context. We also observed associative learning signals (i.e., specific responses to options associated with rewards in the presentation period before choice) that followed the same pattern as switch signals (early in VS, later in DS). Taken together, these results endorse the idea that the striatum participates directly in cognitive set reconfiguration and suggest that single neurons in the striatum may contribute to a functional handoff from the VS to the DS during reconfiguration processes. PMID:27417204

Requiem for the max rule?

PubMed

Ma, Wei Ji; Shen, Shan; Dziugaite, Gintare; van den Berg, Ronald

2015-11-01

In tasks such as visual search and change detection, a key question is how observers integrate noisy measurements from multiple locations to make a decision. Decision rules proposed to model this process have fallen into two categories: Bayes-optimal (ideal observer) rules and ad-hoc rules. Among the latter, the maximum-of-outputs (max) rule has been the most prominent. Reviewing recent work and performing new model comparisons across a range of paradigms, we find that in all cases except for one, the optimal rule describes human data as well as or better than every max rule either previously proposed or newly introduced here. This casts doubt on the utility of the max rule for understanding perceptual decision-making. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

77 FR 9515 - List of Approved Spent Fuel Storage Casks: HI-STORM 100, Revision 8

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-17

... Storage Casks: HI-STORM 100, Revision 8 AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Direct final rule... regulations by revising the Holtec International HI-STORM 100 dry cask storage system listing within the... and safety will be adequately protected. This direct final rule revises the HI-STORM 100 listing in 10...

75 FR 74620 - Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA): Home Warranty Companies' Payments to Real Estate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-01

... interpretive rule concluded: (1) A payment by an HWC for marketing services performed by real estate brokers or... real estate broker or agent for marketing a home warranty product directly to particular homebuyers or... rule, payments for marketing services directed to particular homebuyers or sellers are considered to be...

76 FR 65765 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-24

... Proposed Rule Change Relating to the Establishment of a Direct Market Data Product, NASDAQ Options Trade... establish a direct market data product, NASDAQ Options Trade Outline (``NOTO''). The text of the proposed.... Purpose The purpose of the proposed rule change is to establish the NOTO market data product. NOTO is a...

75 FR 39313 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; International Securities Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-08

... Rule Change Relating to Amending the Direct Edge ECN Fee Schedule July 1, 2010. Pursuant to Section 19... Statement of the Terms of Substance of the Proposed Rule Change The Exchange proposes to amend Direct Edge... Edge ECN LLC (EDGA and EDGX) will cease to operate in its capacity as an electronic communications...

12 CFR 3.3 - Transitional rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Transitional rules. 3.3 Section 3.3 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY MINIMUM CAPITAL RATIOS; ISSUANCE OF DIRECTIVES Authority and Definitions § 3.3 Transitional rules. Intangible assets, other than mortgage...

12 CFR 3.3 - Transitional rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Transitional rules. 3.3 Section 3.3 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY MINIMUM CAPITAL RATIOS; ISSUANCE OF DIRECTIVES Authority and Definitions § 3.3 Transitional rules. Intangible assets, other than mortgage...

12 CFR 3.3 - Transitional rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Transitional rules. 3.3 Section 3.3 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY MINIMUM CAPITAL RATIOS; ISSUANCE OF DIRECTIVES Authority and Definitions § 3.3 Transitional rules. Intangible assets, other than mortgage...

42 CFR 408.80 - Basic rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Basic rules. 408.80 Section 408.80 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES MEDICARE PROGRAM PREMIUMS FOR SUPPLEMENTARY MEDICAL INSURANCE Direct Remittance: Group Payment § 408.80 Basic rules. (a...

Confocal imaging to quantify passive transport across biomimetic lipid membranes.

PubMed

Li, Su; Hu, Peichi; Malmstadt, Noah

2010-09-15

The ability of a molecule to pass through the plasma membrane without the aid of any active cellular mechanisms is central to that molecule's pharmaceutical characteristics. Passive transport has been understood in the context of Overton's rule, which states that more lipophilic molecules cross membrane lipid bilayers more readily. Existing techniques for measuring passive transport lack reproducibility and are hampered by the presence of an unstirred layer (USL) that dominates transport across the bilayer. This report describes assays based on spinning-disk confocal microscopy (SDCM) of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) that allow for the detailed investigation of passive transport processes and mechanisms. This approach allows the concentration field to be directly observed, allowing membrane permeability to be determined easily from the transient concentration profile data. A series of molecules of increasing hydrophilicity was constructed, and the transport of these molecules into GUVs was observed. The observed permeability trend is consistent with Overton's rule. However, the values measured depart from the simple partition-diffusion proportionality model of passive transport. This technique is easy to implement and has great promise as an approach to measure membrane transport. It is optimally suited to precise quantitative measurements of the dependence of passive transport on membrane properties.

Observation of the helicity-selection-rule suppressed decay of the χ c 2 charmonium state

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ablikim, M.; Achasov, M. N.; Ahmed, S.

Tmore » he decays of χ c 2 → K +K -π 0, K SK ±π ∓, and π +π -π 0 are studied with the ψ ( 3686 ) data samples collected with the Beijing Spectrometer (BESIII). For the first time, the branching fractions of χ c 2 → K*$$\\bar{K}$$ , χ c 2 → $$a_2^±$$(1320)π ∓/$$a_2^0$$(1320)π 0, and χ c 2 → ρ( 770 ) ±π ∓ are measured. Here, K*$$\\bar{K}$$ denotes both K* ±K ∓ and its isospin-conjugated process K* 0$$\\bar{K}$$ 0+c.c., and K* denotes the resonances K*(892), $$K_2^*$$(1430), and $$K_3^*$$(1780). he observations indicate a strong violation of the helicity selection rule in χ c 2 decays into vector and pseudoscalar meson pairs. he measured branching fractions of χ c 2 → K*(892)$$\\bar{K}$$ are more than ten times larger than the upper limit of χ c 2 → ρ ( 770 ) ±π ∓, which is so far the first direct observation of a significant U -spin symmetry breaking effect in charmonium decays.« less

Observation of the helicity-selection-rule suppressed decay of the χ c 2 charmonium state

DOE PAGES

Ablikim, M.; Achasov, M. N.; Ahmed, S.; ...

2017-12-01

Tmore » he decays of χ c 2 → K +K -π 0, K SK ±π ∓, and π +π -π 0 are studied with the ψ ( 3686 ) data samples collected with the Beijing Spectrometer (BESIII). For the first time, the branching fractions of χ c 2 → K*$$\\bar{K}$$ , χ c 2 → $$a_2^±$$(1320)π ∓/$$a_2^0$$(1320)π 0, and χ c 2 → ρ( 770 ) ±π ∓ are measured. Here, K*$$\\bar{K}$$ denotes both K* ±K ∓ and its isospin-conjugated process K* 0$$\\bar{K}$$ 0+c.c., and K* denotes the resonances K*(892), $$K_2^*$$(1430), and $$K_3^*$$(1780). he observations indicate a strong violation of the helicity selection rule in χ c 2 decays into vector and pseudoscalar meson pairs. he measured branching fractions of χ c 2 → K*(892)$$\\bar{K}$$ are more than ten times larger than the upper limit of χ c 2 → ρ ( 770 ) ±π ∓, which is so far the first direct observation of a significant U -spin symmetry breaking effect in charmonium decays.« less

Aspects of QCD current algebra on a null plane

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beane, S. R.; Hobbs, T. J.

2016-09-01

Consequences of QCD current algebra formulated on a light-like hyperplane are derived for the forward scattering of vector and axial-vector currents on an arbitrary hadronic target. It is shown that current algebra gives rise to a special class of sum rules that are direct consequences of the independent chiral symmetry that exists at every point on the two-dimensional transverse plane orthogonal to the lightlike direction. These sum rules are obtained by exploiting the closed, infinite-dimensional algebra satisfied by the transverse moments of null-plane axial-vector and vector charge distributions. In the special case of a nucleon target, this procedure leads to the Adler-Weisberger, Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn, Cabibbo-Radicati and Fubini-Furlan-Rossetti sum rules. Matching to the dispersion-theoretic language which is usually invoked in deriving these sum rules, the moment sum rules are shown to be equivalent to algebraic constraints on forward S-matrix elements in the Regge limit.

Infrared, Submillimeter, and RadioAstronomy Program Astophysics Division

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Oka, Takeshi

1996-01-01

The object of my research for the NASA grant NAGW-4769 was to observe infrared spectra of molecular ions with special astrophysical interest in plasmas both in the laboratory and in space. Progress made during the period from September 1995 to September 1996 is summarized in the following: 1. Detection of Interstellar H3(+) The discovery of interstellar H3(+) through its mid-infrared absorption spectrum was by far the most inspiring development during this fiscal year. H3(+), the simplest stable polyatomic system, has been postulated to play the central role in the ion-neutral reaction scheme of interstellar chemistry, but its presence had not been directly observed in spite of intensive searches by several groups. 2. Observation of High Revibrational States of H3(+). The initial discovery of H3(+) in the Jovian aurora region was made through the identification of the 2(nu)(sub 2)(sup 2) approaches O overtone band indicating the population of H3(+) in high revibration state. 3. Observation of Ortho-Para H3(+) selection rules in plasma chemistry. Celection rules that relate quantum states before and ufter various processes are fascinating subject based on the symmetry argument. 4. Spectroscopy of other ions. Spectroscopy of carbocations ch3(+), CH2(+), C2H3(+) and C2H2(+) has been continued.

75 FR 36132 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX PHLX, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-24

... Change The Exchange proposes to clarify the definition of ``Directed Order'' in Rule 1080(l)(i)(A) by... ``Order Flow Provider'' is proposed to be made in Rule 1080(l)(i)(B). Second, amendments to Rule 1080(b)(i... opening orders to the list of eligible orders in Rule 1080(b)(i), as order types eligible for entry into...

The optimum decision rules for the oddity task.

PubMed

Versfeld, N J; Dai, H; Green, D M

1996-01-01

This paper presents the optimum decision rule for an m-interval oddity task in which m-1 intervals contain the same signal and one is different or odd. The optimum decision rule depends on the degree of correlation among observations. The present approach unifies the different strategies that occur with "roved" or "fixed" experiments (Macmillan & Creelman, 1991, p. 147). It is shown that the commonly used decision rule for an m-interval oddity task corresponds to the special case of highly correlated observations. However, as is also true for the same-different paradigm, there exists a different optimum decision rule when the observations are independent. The relation between the probability of a correct response and d' is derived for the three-interval oddity task. Tables are presented of this relation for the three-, four-, and five-interval oddity task. Finally, an experimental method is proposed that allows one to determine the decision rule used by the observer in an oddity experiment.

Fractals and the irreducibility of consciousness in plants and animals

PubMed Central

Gardiner, John

2013-01-01

In both plants and animals consciousness is fractal. Since fractals can only pass information in one direction it is impossible to extrapolate backward to find the rule that governs the fractal. Thus, similarly, it will be impossible to completely determine the rule or rules that govern consciousness. PMID:23759545

76 FR 22616 - Privacy Act of 1974; Implementation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-22

... proposed rule is unnecessary. DATES: The rule will be effective on July 1, 2011 unless comments are... submitting comments. Mail: Federal Docket Management System Office, Room 3C843, 1160 Defense Pentagon... for a direct final rule because it involves nonsubstantive changes dealing with DoD's management of...

76 FR 22807 - Privacy Act of 1974; Implementation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-25

... proposed rule is unnecessary. DATES: The rule will be effective on July 5, 2011 unless comments are... submitting comments. Mail: Federal Docket Management System Office, Room 3C843, 1160 Defense Pentagon... for a direct final rule because it involves nonsubstantive changes dealing with DoD's management of...

76 FR 72328 - Miscellaneous Administrative Changes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-23

... rule. SUMMARY: This direct final rule amends the NASA FAR Supplement (NFS) to make miscellaneous non... changes in the functions or authority of the NFS. NASA expects no opposition to the changes and no.... Background This final rule makes several administrative changes to the NFS. The numbering in NASA FAR...

76 FR 36480 - Hazardous Waste Manifest Printing Specifications Correction Rule

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-22

...: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing a minor change to the... preamble to the Direct Final rule. If we receive no adverse comment on this minor change we are publishing... number of small entities. This action proposes only a minor change to the manifest printing...

76 FR 5055 - Loan Servicing; Farm Loan Programs

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-28

..., Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (the 2008 Farm Bill). This rule implements four amendments to the direct...). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Background This final rule implements multiple provisions of the 2008 Farm Bill (Pub... loan servicing proposed rule (74 FR 39565-39569). As discussed below, FSA proposed three substantive...

Fractals and the irreducibility of consciousness in plants and animals.

PubMed

Gardiner, John

2013-08-01

In both plants and animals consciousness is fractal. Since fractals can only pass information in one direction it is impossible to extrapolate backward to find the rule that governs the fractal. Thus, similarly, it will be impossible to completely determine the rule or rules that govern consciousness.

76 FR 50425 - Service Rules and Policies for the Broadcasting Satellite Service (BSS)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-15

... poles of the Earth, with the positive direction pointing south; and the Z axis passes through the... and Policies for the Broadcasting Satellite Service (BSS) AGENCY: Federal Communications Commission. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: In this document, the Federal Communications Commission adopts rules to...

77 FR 75390 - Significant New Use Rules on Certain Chemical Substances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-20

... Agency (EPA). ACTION: Direct final rule. SUMMARY: EPA is promulgating significant new use rules (SNURs... subject of premanufacture notices (PMNs). This action requires persons who intend to manufacture, import... this action apply to me? You may be potentially affected by this action if you manufacture, import...

How do walkers behave when crossing the way of a mobile robot that replicates human interaction rules?

PubMed

Vassallo, Christian; Olivier, Anne-Hélène; Souères, Philippe; Crétual, Armel; Stasse, Olivier; Pettré, Julien

2018-02-01

Previous studies showed the existence of implicit interaction rules shared by human walkers when crossing each other. Especially, each walker contributes to the collision avoidance task and the crossing order, as set at the beginning, is preserved along the interaction. This order determines the adaptation strategy: the first arrived increases his/her advance by slightly accelerating and changing his/her heading, whereas the second one slows down and moves in the opposite direction. In this study, we analyzed the behavior of human walkers crossing the trajectory of a mobile robot that was programmed to reproduce this human avoidance strategy. In contrast with a previous study, which showed that humans mostly prefer to give the way to a non-reactive robot, we observed similar behaviors between human-human avoidance and human-robot avoidance when the robot replicates the human interaction rules. We discuss this result in relation with the importance of controlling robots in a human-like way in order to ease their cohabitation with humans. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Motif formation and industry specific topologies in the Japanese business firm network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maluck, Julian; Donner, Reik V.; Takayasu, Hideki; Takayasu, Misako

2017-05-01

Motifs and roles are basic quantities for the characterization of interactions among 3-node subsets in complex networks. In this work, we investigate how the distribution of 3-node motifs can be influenced by modifying the rules of an evolving network model while keeping the statistics of simpler network characteristics, such as the link density and the degree distribution, invariant. We exemplify this problem for the special case of the Japanese Business Firm Network, where a well-studied and relatively simple yet realistic evolving network model is available, and compare the resulting motif distribution in the real-world and simulated networks. To better approximate the motif distribution of the real-world network in the model, we introduce both subgraph dependent and global additional rules. We find that a specific rule that allows only for the merging process between nodes with similar link directionality patterns reduces the observed excess of densely connected motifs with bidirectional links. Our study improves the mechanistic understanding of motif formation in evolving network models to better describe the characteristic features of real-world networks with a scale-free topology.

Bayesian population decoding of spiking neurons.

PubMed

Gerwinn, Sebastian; Macke, Jakob; Bethge, Matthias

2009-01-01

The timing of action potentials in spiking neurons depends on the temporal dynamics of their inputs and contains information about temporal fluctuations in the stimulus. Leaky integrate-and-fire neurons constitute a popular class of encoding models, in which spike times depend directly on the temporal structure of the inputs. However, optimal decoding rules for these models have only been studied explicitly in the noiseless case. Here, we study decoding rules for probabilistic inference of a continuous stimulus from the spike times of a population of leaky integrate-and-fire neurons with threshold noise. We derive three algorithms for approximating the posterior distribution over stimuli as a function of the observed spike trains. In addition to a reconstruction of the stimulus we thus obtain an estimate of the uncertainty as well. Furthermore, we derive a 'spike-by-spike' online decoding scheme that recursively updates the posterior with the arrival of each new spike. We use these decoding rules to reconstruct time-varying stimuli represented by a Gaussian process from spike trains of single neurons as well as neural populations.

Computable visually observed phenotype ontological framework for plants

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background The ability to search for and precisely compare similar phenotypic appearances within and across species has vast potential in plant science and genetic research. The difficulty in doing so lies in the fact that many visual phenotypic data, especially visually observed phenotypes that often times cannot be directly measured quantitatively, are in the form of text annotations, and these descriptions are plagued by semantic ambiguity, heterogeneity, and low granularity. Though several bio-ontologies have been developed to standardize phenotypic (and genotypic) information and permit comparisons across species, these semantic issues persist and prevent precise analysis and retrieval of information. A framework suitable for the modeling and analysis of precise computable representations of such phenotypic appearances is needed. Results We have developed a new framework called the Computable Visually Observed Phenotype Ontological Framework for plants. This work provides a novel quantitative view of descriptions of plant phenotypes that leverages existing bio-ontologies and utilizes a computational approach to capture and represent domain knowledge in a machine-interpretable form. This is accomplished by means of a robust and accurate semantic mapping module that automatically maps high-level semantics to low-level measurements computed from phenotype imagery. The framework was applied to two different plant species with semantic rules mined and an ontology constructed. Rule quality was evaluated and showed high quality rules for most semantics. This framework also facilitates automatic annotation of phenotype images and can be adopted by different plant communities to aid in their research. Conclusions The Computable Visually Observed Phenotype Ontological Framework for plants has been developed for more efficient and accurate management of visually observed phenotypes, which play a significant role in plant genomics research. The uniqueness of this framework is its ability to bridge the knowledge of informaticians and plant science researchers by translating descriptions of visually observed phenotypes into standardized, machine-understandable representations, thus enabling the development of advanced information retrieval and phenotype annotation analysis tools for the plant science community. PMID:21702966

41 CFR 105-64.111 - What is GSA's policy on directives that may conflict with this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Regional Offices-General Services Administration 64-GSA PRIVACY ACT RULES 64.1-Policies and Responsibilities § 105-64.111 What is GSA's policy on directives that may conflict with this part? These rules take... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What is GSA's policy on...

41 CFR 105-64.111 - What is GSA's policy on directives that may conflict with this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Regional Offices-General Services Administration 64-GSA PRIVACY ACT RULES 64.1-Policies and Responsibilities § 105-64.111 What is GSA's policy on directives that may conflict with this part? These rules take... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false What is GSA's policy on...

75 FR 27029 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; International Securities Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-13

... Rule Change Relating to Amending the Direct Edge ECN Fee Schedule May 6, 2010. Pursuant to Section 19(b... Statement of the Terms of Substance of the Proposed Rule Change The Exchange proposes to amend Direct Edge... Edge ECN LLC (EDGA and EDGX) will cease to operate in its capacity as an electronic communications...

A stoichiometry driven universal spatial organization of backbones of folded proteins: are there Chargaff's rules for protein folding?

PubMed

Mittal, A; Jayaram, B; Shenoy, Sandhya; Bawa, Tejdeep Singh

2010-10-01

Protein folding is at least a six decade old problem, since the times of Pauling and Anfinsen. However, rules of protein folding remain elusive till date. In this work, rigorous analyses of several thousand crystal structures of folded proteins reveal a surprisingly simple unifying principle of backbone organization in protein folding. We find that protein folding is a direct consequence of a narrow band of stoichiometric occurrences of amino-acids in primary sequences, regardless of the size and the fold of a protein. We observe that "preferential interactions" between amino-acids do not drive protein folding, contrary to all prevalent views. We dedicate our discovery to the seminal contribution of Chargaff which was one of the major keys to elucidation of the stoichiometry-driven spatially organized double helical structure of DNA.

Breaking the rules of the game: Ethical implications for nursing practice and education.

PubMed

Milton, Constance L

2006-07-01

Rules in games are fundamental to the ethics of practice. Rules provide a context or space where a game is defined and played. Throughout human life, games may be formalized with written and unwritten rules. Imaginations may be sparked in the creative structuring of new, informal games. Formal and informal rules can serve to provide direction for what may be viewed as decorum and appropriate behavior with professional groups. In this column, the author illuminates possible ethical meanings for rule-making and breaking with implications for nursing practice and education from a nursing theoretical perspective.

Technique for direct measurement of magnetic entropy of solids: Results for dysprosium titanium oxide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Flood, D. J.

1974-01-01

A measurement technique was devised which permits direct observation of the magnetic entropy of solids as a function of applied magnetic field. Measurements were made of the magnetic entropy, in the temperature range 2 to 20 K, of polycrystalline samples of dysprosium titanium oxide (Dy2Ti2O7) to determine its suitability for use as the working substance of a magnetic refrigerator. Magnetization measurements were also made at 4.2 K and below to provide additional information on the nature of the compound. The measurements indicated that crystalline electric fields perturbed the ground state of the dysprosium ions, removed the 16-fold degeneracy predicted by Hund's rules, and left only a twofold degeneracy in its place. A positive, temperature independent contribution to the magnetization was observed in the saturation region, which indicated that the doublet ground-state wave function was perturbed by a nearby unpopulated upper energy level.

Single and double photoemission and generalizations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pavlyukh, Yaroslav

2016-03-01

A unified diagrammatic treatment of single and double electron photoemission currents is presented. The irreducible lesser density-density response function is the starting point of these derivations. Diagrams for higher order processes in which several electrons are observed in coincidence can likewise be obtained. For physically relevant situations, in which the photoemission cross-section can be written as the Fermi Golden rule, the diagrams from the nonequilibrium Green's function approach can be put in direct correspondence with the diagrams of the scattering theory.

Discovery of interstellar circular polarization in the direction of the Crab Nebula.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, P. G.; Illing, R.; Angel, J. R. P.

1972-01-01

A search in many small regions of the Crab Nebula has resulted in the detection of a small component of circular polarization. The variation of the sign and magnitude with position in the Nebula indicates that the polarization is of interstellar origin. On the basis of the polarity, strength, and colour dependence, it is concluded that the composition of the aligned grains causing this polarization is dielectric. Metallic particles are clearly ruled out. Some stars have also been observed with negative results.

A Short Note on Rules and Higher Order Rules.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scandura, Joseph M.

This brief paper argues that structural analysis--an extended form of cognitive task analysis--demonstrates that both domain dependent and domain independent knowledge can be derived from specific content domains. It is noted that the major difference between the two is that lower order rules (specific knowledge) are derived directly from specific…

78 FR 8550 - Relocation of Regulations and Rulings, Office of International Trade

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-06

... Rulings, Office of International Trade AGENCY: U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Department of Homeland... International Trade, of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is relocating its office from the U.S. Mint... correspondence directed to the Regulations and Rulings, Office of International Trade, including mailed comments...

75 FR 11503 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Texas; Revisions to Chapter 116 Which Relate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-11

... direct final rule located in the rules section of this Federal Register. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: If you have questions concerning today's proposal, please contact Ms. Melanie Magee (6PD-R), Air... Application and Permit Renewal Submittal AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Proposed rule...

77 FR 15432 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The Options Clearing Corporation; Order Approving Proposed Rule...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-15

... directs the Commission to approve a proposed rule change of a self-regulatory organization if it finds... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-66560; File No. SR-OCC-2012-01] Self-Regulatory Organizations; The Options Clearing Corporation; Order Approving Proposed Rule Change Relating to Public...

78 FR 59401 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; ICE Clear Europe Limited; Order Approving Proposed Rule Change...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-26

...\\ directs the Commission to approve a proposed rule change of a self-regulatory organization if it finds... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-70464; File No. SR-ICEEU-2013-11] Self-Regulatory Organizations; ICE Clear Europe Limited; Order Approving Proposed Rule Change Related To Enhanced...

77 FR 35917 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Revisions to the Georgia State Implementation...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-15

... (SIP) revision submitted by the State of Georgia, through the Department of Natural Resources... SIP revision as a direct final rule without prior proposal because the Agency views this as a... public comments received will be addressed in a subsequent final rule based on this proposed rule. EPA...

78 FR 22840 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Delaware; State Board Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-17

... (SIP) revision submitted by the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control... as a direct final rule without prior proposal because EPA views this as a noncontroversial submittal... received will be addressed in a subsequent final rule based on this proposed rule. EPA will not institute a...

76 FR 36363 - Hazardous Waste Manifest Printing Specifications Correction Rule

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-22

... rule will not take effect. ADDRESSES: Submit your comments identified by Docket ID No. EPA-HQ- RCRA... the public that the amendment in this Direct Final rule that will not take effect. For further... that had the desired effect of setting off the copy distribution notations from the other printed...

Direct observation of the ferroelectric polarization in the layered perovskite Bi{sub 4}Ti{sub 3}O{sub 12}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Urushihara, Daisuke; Asaka, Toru, E-mail: asaka.toru@nitech.ac.jp; Frontier Research Institute for Materials Science, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555

We investigated the crystal structure and ferroelectric domains of Bi{sub 4}Ti{sub 3}O{sub 12} (BTO) by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. From the extinction rule, we determined that the space group in the ferroelectric phase of BTO is P1a1 rather than B2cb and B1a1 which have been proposed previously. We successfully refined the crystal structure based on the space group P1a1. The 180° and 90° ferroelectric domain structures were observed by the [001]-zone dark-field TEM imaging. In the 180° domain structure, we determined that one component of the polarization vector is parallel to the a-axis. Anmore » annular bright-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ABF-STEM) was performed for the direct observation of the crystal structures. The ABF-STEM images displayed the contrasts with respect to every atomic position in spite of the highly distorted structure of BTO. We could evaluate the tilting and distortion of the [TiO{sub 6}] octahedra relatively. Therefore, we directly observed the ferroelectric displacements of Bi and Ti ions.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Esposito, A.; Pilloni, A.; Polosa, Antonio D.

Multiquark resonances are undoubtedly experimentally observed. The number of states and the amount of details on their properties have been growing over the years. It is very recent the discovery of two pentaquarks and the confirmation of four tetraquarks, two of which had not been observed before. We mainly review the theoretical understanding of this sector of particle physics phenomenology and present some considerations attempting a coherent description of the so called X and Z resonances. The prominent problems plaguing theoretical models, like the absence of selection rules limiting the number of states predicted, motivate new directions in model building.more » Lastly, data are reviewed going through all of the observed resonances with particular attention to their common features and the purpose of providing a starting point to further research.« less

Growth & Governance in Asia

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-01-01

boundaries and limits of reform than immediate circumstances of economic crisis. As well, they impinge more directly on elite strategies of economic...to the ruling elites . By the time of the regime change brought about by the direct presidential elections in December 1987, this newfound strength...devoted to the fundamental aspect of democratic rule that separates it from most authoritarian regimes: the simultaneous securing of both elite and mass

GraDit: graph-based data repair algorithm for multiple data edits rule violations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ode Zuhayeni Madjida, Wa; Gusti Bagus Baskara Nugraha, I.

2018-03-01

Constraint-based data cleaning captures data violation to a set of rule called data quality rules. The rules consist of integrity constraint and data edits. Structurally, they are similar, where the rule contain left hand side and right hand side. Previous research proposed a data repair algorithm for integrity constraint violation. The algorithm uses undirected hypergraph as rule violation representation. Nevertheless, this algorithm can not be applied for data edits because of different rule characteristics. This study proposed GraDit, a repair algorithm for data edits rule. First, we use bipartite-directed hypergraph as model representation of overall defined rules. These representation is used for getting interaction between violation rules and clean rules. On the other hand, we proposed undirected graph as violation representation. Our experimental study showed that algorithm with undirected graph as violation representation model gave better data quality than algorithm with undirected hypergraph as representation model.

[New italian law about end of life: self-determination and shared care pathway.

PubMed

Ciliberti, Rosagemma; Gulino, Matteo; Gorini, Ilaria

2018-05-01

The Italian Parliament has recently approved the Law n. 219/2017 concerning "Rules on informed consent and advance directives". The manuscript points out the main key points of the new law, in order to clarify the role of the advance directives and to provide clear operational guidelines for healthcare personnel. Taking into consideration the Italian deontological and juridical context, along with the main jurisprudential judgements, the law has been analysed. The Authors discussed the new rules and the bioethical issues also in relation to the provisions stated by the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine (Convention of Oviedo). The new law deals with relevant issues that were confined to jurisprudential rulings so far, such as the informed consent, the withdrawal/withholding of medical treatment (including artificial nutrition and hydration), the content of medical information, including the modalities, the medical responsibility and, finally, the value of advance directives. In the Authors' opinion this law provides essential rules to expressly strengthen the patients' autonomy, eliminating the juridical uncertainty on many central issues (such us, for example, the refusal of life-sustainment treatments) that have been the subject of contradictory judgments ruled by the Italian Courts. Nevertheless, advance directives should be regarded as a dynamic tools of relationship between physicians and assisted person and, thus, as an essential integrant part of the advance care planning. The education of health professionals and citizens about end of life issues is the basis for the successful implementation of this legislation.

78 FR 70499 - An Inquiry Into the Commission's Policies and Rules Regarding AM Radio Service Directional...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-26

... Antenna Performance Verification AGENCY: Federal Communications Commission. ACTION: Final rule; correction... as follows: Subpart BB--Disturbance of AM Broadcast Station Antenna Patterns * * * * * Federal...

General administrative rulings and decisions; amendment to the examination and investigation sample requirements; companion document to direct final rule--FDA. Proposed rule.

PubMed

1998-09-25

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is proposing to amend its regulations regarding the collection of twice the quantity of food, drug, or cosmetic estimated to be sufficient for analysis. This action increases the dollar amount that FDA will consider to determine whether to routinely collect a reserve sample of a food, drug, or cosmetic product in addition to the quantity sufficient for analysis. Experience has demonstrated that the current dollar amount does not adequately cover the cost of most quantities sufficient for analysis plus reserve samples. This proposed rule is a companion to the direct final rule published elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register. This action is part of FDA's continuing effort to achieve the objectives of the President's "Reinventing Government" initiative, and it is intended to reduce the burden of unnecessary regulations on food, drugs, and cosmetics without diminishing the protection of the public health.

76 FR 25590 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Reissuance of Final Rule To Identify the Northern...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-05

...; Reissuance of Final Rule To Identify the Northern Rocky Mountain Population of Gray Wolf as a Distinct..., that identified the Northern Rocky Mountain population of gray wolf (Canis lupus) as a distinct... gray wolves in the DPS. This rule complies with that directive. DATES: This action is effective May 5...

75 FR 48391 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX PHLX, Inc.; Order Approving a Proposed Rule Change...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-10

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-62639; File No. SR-Phlx-2010-89] Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX PHLX, Inc.; Order Approving a Proposed Rule Change Relating to Pricing... proposed rule change to establish pricing for 10Gb direct circuit connections and codify pricing for 10Gb...

5 CFR 1320.10 - Clearance of collections of information, other than those contained in proposed rules or in...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Clearance of collections of information, other than those contained in proposed rules or in current rules. 1320.10 Section 1320.10 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET OMB DIRECTIVES CONTROLLING PAPERWORK BURDENS ON THE PUBLIC § 1320...

75 FR 11002 - Hazardous Waste Management System; Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste; Final Rule

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-10

... effect in the State. A dual system (that is, both Federal (RCRA) and State (non-RCRA) programs) may... does not have federalism implications. It will not have substantial direct effects on the States, on... Act of 1996, generally provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating the rule...

14 CFR 431.39 - Mission rules, procedures, contingency plans, and checklists.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... mission rules, procedures, checklists, emergency plans, and contingency abort plans, if any, that ensure..., procedures, checklists, emergency plans, and contingency abort plans must be contained in a safety directive...

14 CFR 431.39 - Mission rules, procedures, contingency plans, and checklists.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... mission rules, procedures, checklists, emergency plans, and contingency abort plans, if any, that ensure..., procedures, checklists, emergency plans, and contingency abort plans must be contained in a safety directive...

14 CFR 431.39 - Mission rules, procedures, contingency plans, and checklists.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... mission rules, procedures, checklists, emergency plans, and contingency abort plans, if any, that ensure..., procedures, checklists, emergency plans, and contingency abort plans must be contained in a safety directive...

Decision net, directed graph, and neural net processing of imaging spectrometer data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Casasent, David; Liu, Shiaw-Dong; Yoneyama, Hideyuki; Barnard, Etienne

1989-01-01

A decision-net solution involving a novel hierarchical classifier and a set of multiple directed graphs, as well as a neural-net solution, are respectively presented for large-class problem and mixture problem treatments of imaging spectrometer data. The clustering method for hierarchical classifier design, when used with multiple directed graphs, yields an efficient decision net. New directed-graph rules for reducing local maxima as well as the number of perturbations required, and the new starting-node rules for extending the reachability and reducing the search time of the graphs, are noted to yield superior results, as indicated by an illustrative 500-class imaging spectrometer problem.

Interaction rules underlying group decisions in homing pigeons

PubMed Central

Pettit, Benjamin; Perna, Andrea; Biro, Dora; Sumpter, David J. T.

2013-01-01

Travelling in groups gives animals opportunities to share route information by following cues from each other's movement. The outcome of group navigation will depend on how individuals respond to each other within a flock, school, swarm or herd. Despite the abundance of modelling studies, only recently have researchers developed techniques to determine the interaction rules among real animals. Here, we use high-resolution GPS (global positioning system) tracking to study these interactions in pairs of pigeons flying home from a familiar site. Momentary changes in velocity indicate alignment with the neighbour's direction, as well as attraction or avoidance depending on distance. Responses were stronger when the neighbour was in front. From the flocking behaviour, we develop a model to predict features of group navigation. Specifically, we show that the interactions between pigeons stabilize a side-by-side configuration, promoting bidirectional information transfer and reducing the risk of separation. However, if one bird gets in front it will lead directional choices. Our model further predicts, and observations confirm, that a faster bird (as measured from solo flights) will fly slightly in front and thus dominate the choice of homing route. Our results explain how group decisions emerge from individual differences in homing flight behaviour. PMID:24068173

Efficient mutagenesis by Cas9 protein-mediated oligonucleotide insertion and large-scale assessment of single-guide RNAs.

PubMed

Gagnon, James A; Valen, Eivind; Thyme, Summer B; Huang, Peng; Akhmetova, Laila; Ahkmetova, Laila; Pauli, Andrea; Montague, Tessa G; Zimmerman, Steven; Richter, Constance; Schier, Alexander F

2014-01-01

The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been implemented in a variety of model organisms to mediate site-directed mutagenesis. A wide range of mutation rates has been reported, but at a limited number of genomic target sites. To uncover the rules that govern effective Cas9-mediated mutagenesis in zebrafish, we targeted over a hundred genomic loci for mutagenesis using a streamlined and cloning-free method. We generated mutations in 85% of target genes with mutation rates varying across several orders of magnitude, and identified sequence composition rules that influence mutagenesis. We increased rates of mutagenesis by implementing several novel approaches. The activities of poor or unsuccessful single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) initiating with a 5' adenine were improved by rescuing 5' end homogeneity of the sgRNA. In some cases, direct injection of Cas9 protein/sgRNA complex further increased mutagenic activity. We also observed that low diversity of mutant alleles led to repeated failure to obtain frame-shift mutations. This limitation was overcome by knock-in of a stop codon cassette that ensured coding frame truncation. Our improved methods and detailed protocols make Cas9-mediated mutagenesis an attractive approach for labs of all sizes.

31 CFR 363.100 - What are the rules for purchasing and delivering gift savings bonds to minors?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... TreasuryDirect Gifts § 363.100 What are the rules for purchasing and delivering gift savings bonds to minors? (a) A TreasuryDirect ® account owner can purchase a savings bond as a gift with a minor as the recipient. (b) An account owner can deliver a bond purchased as a gift to a minor. The account owner must...

A hybrid agent-based approach for modeling microbiological systems.

PubMed

Guo, Zaiyi; Sloot, Peter M A; Tay, Joc Cing

2008-11-21

Models for systems biology commonly adopt Differential Equations or Agent-Based modeling approaches for simulating the processes as a whole. Models based on differential equations presuppose phenomenological intracellular behavioral mechanisms, while models based on Multi-Agent approach often use directly translated, and quantitatively less precise if-then logical rule constructs. We propose an extendible systems model based on a hybrid agent-based approach where biological cells are modeled as individuals (agents) while molecules are represented by quantities. This hybridization in entity representation entails a combined modeling strategy with agent-based behavioral rules and differential equations, thereby balancing the requirements of extendible model granularity with computational tractability. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach with models of chemotaxis involving an assay of 10(3) cells and 1.2x10(6) molecules. The model produces cell migration patterns that are comparable to laboratory observations.

Expert systems for automated maintenance of a Mars oxygen production system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Jen-Kuang; Ho, Ming-Tsang; Ash, Robert L.

1992-08-01

Application of expert system concepts to a breadboard Mars oxygen processor unit have been studied and tested. The research was directed toward developing the methodology required to enable autonomous operation and control of these simple chemical processors at Mars. Failure detection and isolation was the key area of concern, and schemes using forward chaining, backward chaining, knowledge-based expert systems, and rule-based expert systems were examined. Tests and simulations were conducted that investigated self-health checkout, emergency shutdown, and fault detection, in addition to normal control activities. A dynamic system model was developed using the Bond-Graph technique. The dynamic model agreed well with tests involving sudden reductions in throughput. However, nonlinear effects were observed during tests that incorporated step function increases in flow variables. Computer simulations and experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of expert systems utilizing rule-based diagnosis and decision-making algorithms.

Construction of living cellular automata using the Physarum plasmodium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shirakawa, Tomohiro; Sato, Hiroshi; Ishiguro, Shinji

2015-04-01

The plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum is a unicellular and multinuclear giant amoeba that has an amorphous cell body. To clearly observe how the plasmodium makes decisions in its motile and exploratory behaviours, we developed a new experimental system to pseudo-discretize the motility of the organism. In our experimental space that has agar surfaces arranged in a two-dimensional lattice, the continuous and omnidirectional movement of the plasmodium was limited to the stepwise one, and the direction of the locomotion was also limited to four neighbours. In such an experimental system, a cellular automata-like system was constructed using the living cell. We further analysed the exploratory behaviours of the plasmodium by duplicating the experimental results in the simulation models of cellular automata. As a result, it was revealed that the behaviours of the plasmodium are not reproduced by only local state transition rules; and for the reproduction, a kind of historical rule setting is needed.

Dynamics and Removal Pathway of Edge Dislocations in Imperfectly Attached PbTe Nanocrystal Pairs: Toward Design Rules for Oriented Attachment.

PubMed

Ondry, Justin C; Hauwiller, Matthew R; Alivisatos, A Paul

2018-04-24

Using in situ high-resolution TEM, we study the structure and dynamics of well-defined edge dislocations in imperfectly attached PbTe nanocrystals. We identify that attachment of PbTe nanocrystals on both {100} and {110} facets gives rise to b = a/2⟨110⟩ edge dislocations. Based on the Burgers vector of individual dislocations, we can identify the glide plane of the dislocations. We observe that defects in particles attached on {100} facets have glide planes that quickly intersect the surface, and HRTEM movies show that the defects follow the glide plane to the surface. For {110} attached particles, the glide plane is collinear with the attachment direction, which does not provide an easy path for the dislocation to reach the surface. Indeed, HRTEM movies of dislocations for {110} attached particles show that defect removal is much slower. Further, we observe conversion from pure edge dislocations in imperfectly attached particles to dislocations with mixed edge and screw character, which has important implications for crystal growth. Finally, we observe that dislocations initially closer to the surface have a higher speed of removal, consistent with the strong dislocation free surface attractive force. Our results provide important design rules for defect-free attachment of preformed nanocrystals into epitaxial assemblies.

12 CFR 796.6 - What other definitions and rules of construction apply for purposes of this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false What other definitions and rules of... RESTRICTIONS FOR CERTAIN NCUA EXAMINERS § 796.6 What other definitions and rules of construction apply for... federally insured credit union or other company only if the person works directly on matters for, or on...

12 CFR 796.6 - What other definitions and rules of construction apply for purposes of this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false What other definitions and rules of... RESTRICTIONS FOR CERTAIN NCUA EXAMINERS § 796.6 What other definitions and rules of construction apply for... federally insured credit union or other company only if the person works directly on matters for, or on...

12 CFR 796.6 - What other definitions and rules of construction apply for purposes of this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false What other definitions and rules of... RESTRICTIONS FOR CERTAIN NCUA EXAMINERS § 796.6 What other definitions and rules of construction apply for... federally insured credit union or other company only if the person works directly on matters for, or on...

12 CFR 796.6 - What other definitions and rules of construction apply for purposes of this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false What other definitions and rules of... RESTRICTIONS FOR CERTAIN NCUA EXAMINERS § 796.6 What other definitions and rules of construction apply for... federally insured credit union or other company only if the person works directly on matters for, or on...

12 CFR 796.6 - What other definitions and rules of construction apply for purposes of this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false What other definitions and rules of... RESTRICTIONS FOR CERTAIN NCUA EXAMINERS § 796.6 What other definitions and rules of construction apply for... federally insured credit union or other company only if the person works directly on matters for, or on...

77 FR 53957 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-04

... Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (``Act''),\\1\\ notice is hereby given that on... prepared primarily by Nasdaq. Nasdaq filed the proposed rule change pursuant to Section 19(b)(3)(A) of the... Rule Change Nasdaq proposes to modify Rule 5210(c) related to the Direct Registration System (``DRS...

Defining a Rule for the Use of Infinitive and Gerund Complements

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Conti, Gregory

2011-01-01

This essay formulates a rule for the use of the to+verb and verb+ing finite complements designed to help students and teachers of English as a foreign language. The rule results from an analysis of the distinction between the directional function and inceptive aspect of the to+verb form, rooted in the prepositional origins of to, and the…

The Management of Policy and Direction in the Forest Service

Treesearch

Daina Dravnieks; Ernst Valfer; Russel Stolins

1982-01-01

Since Hamrnurabi, King of Babylon, established his famous code of rules in the 13th Century B.C., (and possibly even before then), institutions from kingdoms to businesses have instutionalized their code of behavior in more or less elaborate sets of written laws, rules, and regulations. This is so in spite of the fact that rules reduce flexibility and hence...

75 FR 31716 - Hazardous Waste Technical Corrections and Clarifications Rule

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-04

... the table at 40 CFR 261.32(a). DATES: On June 16, 2010, all amendments go into effect that were... affected amendments in the Direct Final rule would not take effect and we would publish a timely withdrawal... Clarifications Rule (75 FR 12989) which are not being withdrawn and which go into effect on June 16, 2010, EPA is...

Hamilton's rule and the causes of social evolution

PubMed Central

Bourke, Andrew F. G.

2014-01-01

Hamilton's rule is a central theorem of inclusive fitness (kin selection) theory and predicts that social behaviour evolves under specific combinations of relatedness, benefit and cost. This review provides evidence for Hamilton's rule by presenting novel syntheses of results from two kinds of study in diverse taxa, including cooperatively breeding birds and mammals and eusocial insects. These are, first, studies that empirically parametrize Hamilton's rule in natural populations and, second, comparative phylogenetic analyses of the genetic, life-history and ecological correlates of sociality. Studies parametrizing Hamilton's rule are not rare and demonstrate quantitatively that (i) altruism (net loss of direct fitness) occurs even when sociality is facultative, (ii) in most cases, altruism is under positive selection via indirect fitness benefits that exceed direct fitness costs and (iii) social behaviour commonly generates indirect benefits by enhancing the productivity or survivorship of kin. Comparative phylogenetic analyses show that cooperative breeding and eusociality are promoted by (i) high relatedness and monogamy and, potentially, by (ii) life-history factors facilitating family structure and high benefits of helping and (iii) ecological factors generating low costs of social behaviour. Overall, the focal studies strongly confirm the predictions of Hamilton's rule regarding conditions for social evolution and their causes. PMID:24686934

Hamilton's rule and the causes of social evolution.

PubMed

Bourke, Andrew F G

2014-05-19

Hamilton's rule is a central theorem of inclusive fitness (kin selection) theory and predicts that social behaviour evolves under specific combinations of relatedness, benefit and cost. This review provides evidence for Hamilton's rule by presenting novel syntheses of results from two kinds of study in diverse taxa, including cooperatively breeding birds and mammals and eusocial insects. These are, first, studies that empirically parametrize Hamilton's rule in natural populations and, second, comparative phylogenetic analyses of the genetic, life-history and ecological correlates of sociality. Studies parametrizing Hamilton's rule are not rare and demonstrate quantitatively that (i) altruism (net loss of direct fitness) occurs even when sociality is facultative, (ii) in most cases, altruism is under positive selection via indirect fitness benefits that exceed direct fitness costs and (iii) social behaviour commonly generates indirect benefits by enhancing the productivity or survivorship of kin. Comparative phylogenetic analyses show that cooperative breeding and eusociality are promoted by (i) high relatedness and monogamy and, potentially, by (ii) life-history factors facilitating family structure and high benefits of helping and (iii) ecological factors generating low costs of social behaviour. Overall, the focal studies strongly confirm the predictions of Hamilton's rule regarding conditions for social evolution and their causes.

Evaluation of Decision Rules in a Tiered Assessment of Inhalation Exposure to Nanomaterials.

PubMed

Brouwer, Derk; Boessen, Ruud; van Duuren-Stuurman, Birgit; Bard, Delphine; Moehlmann, Carsten; Bekker, Cindy; Fransman, Wouter; Klein Entink, Rinke

2016-10-01

Tiered or stepwise approaches to assess occupational exposure to nano-objects, and their agglomerates and aggregates have been proposed, which require decision rules (DRs) to move to a next tier, or terminate the assessment. In a desk study the performance of a number of DRs based on the evaluation of results from direct reading instruments was investigated by both statistical simulations and the application of the DRs to real workplace data sets. A statistical model that accounts for autocorrelation patterns in time-series, i.e. autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), was used as 'gold' standard. The simulations showed that none of the proposed DRs covered the entire range of simulated scenarios with respect to the ARIMA model parameters, however, a combined DR showed a slightly better agreement. Application of the DRs to real workplace datasets (n = 117) revealed sensitivity up to 0.72, whereas the lowest observed specificity was 0.95. The selection of the most appropriate DR is very much dependent on the consequences of the decision, i.e. ruling in or ruling out of scenarios for further evaluation. Since a basic assessment may also comprise of other type of measurements and information, an evaluation logic was proposed which embeds the DRs, but furthermore supports decision making in view of a tiered-approach exposure assessment. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society.

Multiquark resonances

DOE PAGES

Esposito, A.; Pilloni, A.; Polosa, Antonio D.

2016-12-02

Multiquark resonances are undoubtedly experimentally observed. The number of states and the amount of details on their properties have been growing over the years. It is very recent the discovery of two pentaquarks and the confirmation of four tetraquarks, two of which had not been observed before. We mainly review the theoretical understanding of this sector of particle physics phenomenology and present some considerations attempting a coherent description of the so called X and Z resonances. The prominent problems plaguing theoretical models, like the absence of selection rules limiting the number of states predicted, motivate new directions in model building.more » Lastly, data are reviewed going through all of the observed resonances with particular attention to their common features and the purpose of providing a starting point to further research.« less

Rules of performance in the nursing home: A grounded theory of nurse-CNA communication.

PubMed

Madden, Connie; Clayton, Margaret; Canary, Heather E; Towsley, Gail; Cloyes, Kristin; Lund, Dale

This study offers an initial theoretical understanding of nurse-CNA communication processes from the perspectives of nurses and CNAs who are providing direct care to residents in nursing homes. A grounded theory approach provided an understanding of nurse-CNA communication process within the complexities of the nursing home setting. Four themes (maintaining information flow, following procedure, fostering collegiality, and showing respect) describe the "rules of performance" that intertwine in nuanced relationships to guide nurse-CNA communication processes. Understanding how these rules of performance guide nurse-CNA communication processes, and how they are positively and negatively influenced, suggests that nurse-CNA communication during direct care of nursing home residents could be improved through policy and education that is specifically designed to be relevant and applicable to direct care providers in the nursing home environment. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

76 FR 37407 - Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Furnaces and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-27

...The Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (EPCA), as amended, prescribes energy conservation standards for various consumer products and certain commercial and industrial equipment, including residential furnaces and residential central air conditioners and heat pumps. EPCA also requires the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to determine whether more-stringent, amended standards for these products would be technologically feasible and economically justified, and would save a significant amount of energy. In this direct final rule, DOE adopts amended energy conservation standards for residential furnaces and for residential central air conditioners and heat pumps. A notice of proposed rulemaking that proposes identical energy efficiency standards is published elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register. If DOE receives adverse comment and determines that such comment may provide a reasonable basis for withdrawing the direct final rule, this final rule will be withdrawn, and DOE will proceed with the proposed rule.

[A new contraceptive method: breast feeding].

PubMed

Townsend, S

1993-08-01

Even though women have known for centuries that breast feeding has a contraceptive effect, family planning agents have only recently promoted it. Family planning specialists at a meeting in Bellagio, Italy, on breast feeding developed directives referred to as the Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM). Adherence to these directives assure effective protection against pregnancy until resumption of menstruation, expansion of infant feeding to foods other than breast milk, or until 6 months postpartum. Nipple stimulation during suckling is sufficient to suppress ovulation. Frequent suckling or more intense suckling maintains the contraceptive effect, so the directives insist that mothers exclusively or almost exclusively breast feed their infants. LAM provides 98% effective protection against pregnancy for 6 months if women observe it as directed. After 6 months, they should use another family planning method. Scientists are trying to see whether they can make the directives more simple. They will discuss this possibility at their next international meeting in 1993 or 1994. Research indicates that the most crucial rule is amenorrhea and use of this rule will make LAM more easy to learn and use, thereby increasing its use. It is difficult to motivate hospital and family planning clinic staff to promote LAM. Information and education are needed to support LAM. for example, a project in Honduras is using peer counseling to promote LAM. Family Health International is following 1000 women for 1 year postpartum in Pakistan and the Philippines. This study's 6-month LAM efficacy rate was around 95%. Little research has looked at the cost effectiveness of LAM. Optimally, LAM is a temporary contraceptive method which must be followed immediately by another contraceptive method. Indeed, LAM counseling should often pregnancy. LAM supporters do not intend for LAM to be a substitute for family planning, but want LAM to be another method in the contraceptive method mix.

Statistical Learning of Origin-Specific Statically Optimal Individualized Treatment Rules

PubMed Central

van der Laan, Mark J.; Petersen, Maya L.

2008-01-01

Consider a longitudinal observational or controlled study in which one collects chronological data over time on a random sample of subjects. The time-dependent process one observes on each subject contains time-dependent covariates, time-dependent treatment actions, and an outcome process or single final outcome of interest. A statically optimal individualized treatment rule (as introduced in van der Laan et. al. (2005), Petersen et. al. (2007)) is a treatment rule which at any point in time conditions on a user-supplied subset of the past, computes the future static treatment regimen that maximizes a (conditional) mean future outcome of interest, and applies the first treatment action of the latter regimen. In particular, Petersen et. al. (2007) clarified that, in order to be statically optimal, an individualized treatment rule should not depend on the observed treatment mechanism. Petersen et. al. (2007) further developed estimators of statically optimal individualized treatment rules based on a past capturing all confounding of past treatment history on outcome. In practice, however, one typically wishes to find individualized treatment rules responding to a user-supplied subset of the complete observed history, which may not be sufficient to capture all confounding. The current article provides an important advance on Petersen et. al. (2007) by developing locally efficient double robust estimators of statically optimal individualized treatment rules responding to such a user-supplied subset of the past. However, failure to capture all confounding comes at a price; the static optimality of the resulting rules becomes origin-specific. We explain origin-specific static optimality, and discuss the practical importance of the proposed methodology. We further present the results of a data analysis in which we estimate a statically optimal rule for switching antiretroviral therapy among patients infected with resistant HIV virus. PMID:19122792

Constructing Agent Model for Virtual Training Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murakami, Yohei; Sugimoto, Yuki; Ishida, Toru

Constructing highly realistic agents is essential if agents are to be employed in virtual training systems. In training for collaboration based on face-to-face interaction, the generation of emotional expressions is one key. In training for guidance based on one-to-many interaction such as direction giving for evacuations, emotional expressions must be supplemented by diverse agent behaviors to make the training realistic. To reproduce diverse behavior, we characterize agents by using a various combinations of operation rules instantiated by the user operating the agent. To accomplish this goal, we introduce a user modeling method based on participatory simulations. These simulations enable us to acquire information observed by each user in the simulation and the operating history. Using these data and the domain knowledge including known operation rules, we can generate an explanation for each behavior. Moreover, the application of hypothetical reasoning, which offers consistent selection of hypotheses, to the generation of explanations allows us to use otherwise incompatible operation rules as domain knowledge. In order to validate the proposed modeling method, we apply it to the acquisition of an evacuee's model in a fire-drill experiment. We successfully acquire a subject's model corresponding to the results of an interview with the subject.

Emergence of a coherent and cohesive swarm based on mutual anticipation

PubMed Central

Murakami, Hisashi; Niizato, Takayuki; Gunji, Yukio-Pegio

2017-01-01

Collective behavior emerging out of self-organization is one of the most striking properties of an animal group. Typically, it is hypothesized that each individual in an animal group tends to align its direction of motion with those of its neighbors. Most previous models for collective behavior assume an explicit alignment rule, by which an agent matches its velocity with that of neighbors in a certain neighborhood, to reproduce a collective order pattern by simple interactions. Recent empirical studies, however, suggest that there is no evidence for explicit matching of velocity, and that collective polarization arises from interactions other than those that follow the explicit alignment rule. We here propose a new lattice-based computational model that does not incorporate the explicit alignment rule but is based instead on mutual anticipation and asynchronous updating. Moreover, we show that this model can realize densely collective motion with high polarity. Furthermore, we focus on the behavior of a pair of individuals, and find that the turning response is drastically changed depending on the distance between two individuals rather than the relative heading, and is consistent with the empirical observations. Therefore, the present results suggest that our approach provides an alternative model for collective behavior. PMID:28406173

Impact of heavy hole-light hole coupling on optical selection rules in GaAs quantum dots

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Belhadj, T.; Amand, T.; Kunz, S.

2010-08-02

We report strong heavy hole-light hole mixing in GaAs quantum dots grown by droplet epitaxy. Using the neutral and charged exciton emission as a monitor we observe the direct consequence of quantum dot symmetry reduction in this strain free system. By fitting the polar diagram of the emission with simple analytical expressions obtained from k{center_dot}p theory we are able to extract the mixing that arises from the heavy-light hole coupling due to the geometrical asymmetry of the quantum dot.

78 FR 59994 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The Options Clearing Corporation; Order Approving Proposed Rule...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-30

... to avoid any erroneous inference that those are the only provisions of OCC's By-Laws and Rules that... its By-Laws and Rules as well. III. Discussion Section 19(b)(2)(C) of the Act \\5\\ directs the... of participants or among participants in the use of the clearing agency. \\5\\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2)(C...

75 FR 47051 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-04

... Change Amending Rule 7.31(x) July 29, 2010. Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) \\1\\ of the Securities Exchange... Exchange proposes to amend Rule 7.31(x). The text of the proposed rule change is available on the Exchange....31(x) defines the Primary Only (``PO'') Order, which allows ETP Holders to direct an order to the...

C4ISR Architecture Working Group (AWG), Architecture Framework Version 2.0.

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-12-18

Vision Name Name/identifier of document that contains doctrine, goals, or vision Type Doctrine, goals, or vision Description Text summary description...e.g., organization, directive, order) Description Text summary of tasking •Rules, Criteria, or Conventions Name Name/identifier of document that...contains rules, criteria, or conventions Type One of: rules, criteria, or conventions Description Text summary description of contents or

76 FR 39015 - Contractor Performance Information

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-05

...] Contractor Performance Information AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), ACTION: Direct final rule... contractor performance information. EPA is issuing a final rule because the changes are procedural in nature... Institutes of Health's Contractor Performance System (CPS) to the Department of Defense's Contractor...

Visual artificial grammar learning: comparative research on humans, kea (Nestor notabilis) and pigeons (Columba livia)

PubMed Central

Stobbe, Nina; Westphal-Fitch, Gesche; Aust, Ulrike; Fitch, W. Tecumseh

2012-01-01

Artificial grammar learning (AGL) provides a useful tool for exploring rule learning strategies linked to general purpose pattern perception. To be able to directly compare performance of humans with other species with different memory capacities, we developed an AGL task in the visual domain. Presenting entire visual patterns simultaneously instead of sequentially minimizes the amount of required working memory. This approach allowed us to evaluate performance levels of two bird species, kea (Nestor notabilis) and pigeons (Columba livia), in direct comparison to human participants. After being trained to discriminate between two types of visual patterns generated by rules at different levels of computational complexity and presented on a computer screen, birds and humans received further training with a series of novel stimuli that followed the same rules, but differed in various visual features from the training stimuli. Most avian and all human subjects continued to perform well above chance during this initial generalization phase, suggesting that they were able to generalize learned rules to novel stimuli. However, detailed testing with stimuli that violated the intended rules regarding the exact number of stimulus elements indicates that neither bird species was able to successfully acquire the intended pattern rule. Our data suggest that, in contrast to humans, these birds were unable to master a simple rule above the finite-state level, even with simultaneous item presentation and despite intensive training. PMID:22688635

[Comment on the ruling about the appeal against the Directive on biotechnological inventions].

PubMed

Fernando Magarzo, M R

2001-01-01

The author examines the content of the European Court of Justice ruling which dismisses the appeal lodged by the Netherlands against Directive 98/44 concerning the legal protection of biotechnological inventions. The main grounds for the appeal were as follows: inappropriate choice of points of law; breach of the principle of subsidiarity; violation of the principle of legal certainty; breach of International Law obligations; undermining of human dignity; breach of the principle of collegiality.

Quality Managment Program (QMP) report: A review of quality management programs developed in response to Title 10, Section 35.32 of the Code of Federal Regulations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Witte, M.C.

1994-10-01

In July of 1991, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission published a Final Rule in the Federal Register amending regulations governing medical therapeutic administrations of byproduct material and certain uses of radioactive sodium iodide. These amendments required implementation of a Quality Management Program (QMP) to provide high confidence that the byproduct material -- or radiation from byproduct material -- will be administered as directed by an authorized user physician. Herein, this rule is referred to as the QM rule. The Final Rule was published after two proposed rules had been published in the Federal Register.

Optically programmable encoder based on light propagation in two-dimensional regular nanoplates.

PubMed

Li, Ya; Zhao, Fangyin; Guo, Shuai; Zhang, Yongyou; Niu, Chunhui; Zeng, Ruosheng; Zou, Bingsuo; Zhang, Wensheng; Ding, Kang; Bukhtiar, Arfan; Liu, Ruibin

2017-04-07

We design an efficient optically controlled microdevice based on CdSe nanoplates. Two-dimensional CdSe nanoplates exhibit lighting patterns around the edges and can be realized as a new type of optically controlled programmable encoder. The light source is used to excite the nanoplates and control the logical position under vertical pumping mode by the objective lens. At each excitation point in the nanoplates, the preferred light-propagation routes are along the normal direction and perpendicular to the edges, which then emit out from the edges to form a localized lighting section. The intensity distribution around the edges of different nanoplates demonstrates that the lighting part with a small scale is much stronger, defined as '1', than the dark section, defined as '0', along the edge. These '0' and '1' are the basic logic elements needed to compose logically functional devices. The observed propagation rules are consistent with theoretical simulations, meaning that the guided-light route in two-dimensional semiconductor nanoplates is regular and predictable. The same situation was also observed in regular CdS nanoplates. Basic theoretical analysis and experiments prove that the guided light and exit position follow rules mainly originating from the shape rather than material itself.

Generalizing Gillespie’s Direct Method to Enable Network-Free Simulations

DOE PAGES

Suderman, Ryan T.; Mitra, Eshan David; Lin, Yen Ting; ...

2018-03-28

Gillespie’s direct method for stochastic simulation of chemical kinetics is a staple of computational systems biology research. However, the algorithm requires explicit enumeration of all reactions and all chemical species that may arise in the system. In many cases, this is not feasible due to the combinatorial explosion of reactions and species in biological networks. Rule-based modeling frameworks provide a way to exactly represent networks containing such combinatorial complexity, and generalizations of Gillespie’s direct method have been developed as simulation engines for rule-based modeling languages. Here, we provide both a high-level description of the algorithms underlying the simulation engines, termedmore » network-free simulation algorithms, and how they have been applied in systems biology research. We also define a generic rule-based modeling framework and describe a number of technical details required for adapting Gillespie’s direct method for network-free simulation. Lastly, we briefly discuss potential avenues for advancing network-free simulation and the role they continue to play in modeling dynamical systems in biology.« less

Generalizing Gillespie’s Direct Method to Enable Network-Free Simulations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Suderman, Ryan T.; Mitra, Eshan David; Lin, Yen Ting

Gillespie’s direct method for stochastic simulation of chemical kinetics is a staple of computational systems biology research. However, the algorithm requires explicit enumeration of all reactions and all chemical species that may arise in the system. In many cases, this is not feasible due to the combinatorial explosion of reactions and species in biological networks. Rule-based modeling frameworks provide a way to exactly represent networks containing such combinatorial complexity, and generalizations of Gillespie’s direct method have been developed as simulation engines for rule-based modeling languages. Here, we provide both a high-level description of the algorithms underlying the simulation engines, termedmore » network-free simulation algorithms, and how they have been applied in systems biology research. We also define a generic rule-based modeling framework and describe a number of technical details required for adapting Gillespie’s direct method for network-free simulation. Lastly, we briefly discuss potential avenues for advancing network-free simulation and the role they continue to play in modeling dynamical systems in biology.« less

75 FR 1566 - National Industrial Security Program Directive No. 1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-12

... NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION Information Security Oversight Office 32 CFR Part...: Information Security Oversight Office, NARA. ACTION: Proposed rule; correction. SUMMARY: This document... Management System (FDMS) number to the proposed rule for Information Security Oversight Office (ISOO...

Boosting association rule mining in large datasets via Gibbs sampling.

PubMed

Qian, Guoqi; Rao, Calyampudi Radhakrishna; Sun, Xiaoying; Wu, Yuehua

2016-05-03

Current algorithms for association rule mining from transaction data are mostly deterministic and enumerative. They can be computationally intractable even for mining a dataset containing just a few hundred transaction items, if no action is taken to constrain the search space. In this paper, we develop a Gibbs-sampling-induced stochastic search procedure to randomly sample association rules from the itemset space, and perform rule mining from the reduced transaction dataset generated by the sample. Also a general rule importance measure is proposed to direct the stochastic search so that, as a result of the randomly generated association rules constituting an ergodic Markov chain, the overall most important rules in the itemset space can be uncovered from the reduced dataset with probability 1 in the limit. In the simulation study and a real genomic data example, we show how to boost association rule mining by an integrated use of the stochastic search and the Apriori algorithm.

78 FR 79654 - Vermont: Proposed Authorization of State Hazardous Waste Management Program Revisions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-31

...EPA proposes to grant final authorization to the State of Vermont for changes to its hazardous waste program. In the ``Rules and Regulations'' section of this Federal Register we are authorizing the changes to the Vermont hazardous waste program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) as a direct final rule without prior proposed rule. EPA has determined that these changes satisfy all requirements needed to qualify for final authorization. If we receive no adverse comment, we will not take further action on this proposed rule.

The DarkSide veto: muon and neutron detectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pagani, L.; Agnes, P.; Alexander, T.; Alton, A.; Arisaka, K.; O. Back, H.; Baldin, B.; Biery, K.; Bonfini, G.; Bossa, M.; Brigatti, A.; Brodsky, J.; Budano, F.; Cadonati, L.; Calaprice, F.; Canci, N.; Candela, A.; Cao, H.; Cariello, M.; Cavalcante, P.; Chavarria, A.; Chepurnov, A.; Cocco, A. G.; D'Angelo, D.; D'Incecco, M.; Davini, S.; De Deo, M.; Derbin, A.; Devoto, A.; Di Eusanio, F.; Di Pietro, G.; Edkins, E.; Empl, A.; Fan, A.; Fiorillo, G.; Fomenko, K.; Forster, G.; Franco, D.; Gabriele, F.; Galbiati, C.; Goretti, A.; Grandi, L.; Gromov, M.; Y. Guan, M.; Guardincerri, Y.; Hackett, B.; Herner, K.; Humble, P.; Hungerford, E. V.; Ianni, Al.; Ianni, An.; Jollet, C.; Keeter, K.; Kendziora, C.; Kidner, S.; Kobychev, V.; Koh, G.; Korablev, D.; Korga, G.; Kurlej, A.; X. Li, P.; Lombardi, P.; Love, C.; Ludhova, L.; Luitz, S.; Ma, Y. Q.; Machulin, I.; Mandarano, A.; Mari, S.; Maricic, J.; Marini, L.; Martoff, C. J.; Meregaglia, A.; Meroni, E.; Meyers, P. D.; Milincic, R.; Montanari, D.; Montuschi, M.; Monzani, M. E.; Mosteiro, P.; Mount, B.; Muratova, V.; Musico, P.; Nelson, A.; Odrowski, S.; Okounkova, M.; Orsini, M.; Ortica, F.; Pallavicini, M.; Pantic, E.; Papp, L.; Parmeggiano, S.; Parsells, R.; Pelczar, K.; Pelliccia, N.; Perasso, S.; Pocar, A.; Pordes, S.; Pugachev, D.; Qian, H.; Randle, K.; Ranucci, G.; Razeto, A.; Reinhold, B.; Renshaw, A.; Romani, A.; Rossi, B.; Rossi, N.; D. Rountree, S.; Sablone, D.; Saggese, P.; Saldanha, R.; Sands, W.; Sangiorgio, S.; Segreto, E.; Semenov, D.; Shields, E.; Skorokhvatov, M.; Smirnov, O.; Sotnikov, A.; Stanford, C.; Suvorov, Y.; Tartaglia, R.; Tatarowicz, J.; Testera, G.; Tonazzo, A.; Unzhakov, E.; Vogelaar, R. B.; Wada, M.; Walker, S.; Wang, H.; Wang, Y.; Watson, A.; Westerdale, S.; Wojcik, M.; Wright, A.; Xiang, X.; Xu, J.; G. Yang, C.; Yoo, J.; Zavatarelli, S.; Zec, A.; Zhu, C.; Zuzel, G.; DarkSide Collaboration

2015-01-01

The existence of dark matter is known because of its gravitational effects, and although its nature remains undisclosed, there is a growing indication that the galactic halo could be permeated by weakly interactive massive particles (WIMPs) with mass of the order of 100GeV. Direct observation of WIMP-nuclear collisions in a laboratory detector plays a key role in dark matter searches. However, it also poses significant challenges, as the expected signals are low in energy and very rare. DarkSide is a project for direct observation of WIMPs in a liquid argon time-projection chamber specifically designed to overtake the difficulties of these challenges. A limiting background for all dark matter detectors is the production in their active volumes of nuclear recoils from the elastic scattering of radiogenic and cosmogenic neutrons. To rule out this background, DarkSide-50 is surrounded by a water tank serving as a Cherenkov detector for muons, and a boron-doped liquid scintillator acting as an active, high-efficiency neutron detector.

77 FR 74745 - Used Motor Vehicle Trade Regulation Rule

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-17

...Except as specifically described below, the FTC has completed its regulatory review of its Used Motor Vehicle Trade Regulation Rule (``Used Car Rule'' or ``Rule'') as part of the FTC's systematic review of all current Commission regulations and guides. The Commission has decided to retain the Rule and, in a separate Federal Register document, to amend it by changing the Spanish translation of the Buyers Guide. In addition, the Commission also has decided to issue a notice of proposed rulemaking (``NPR'') soliciting comments on proposed changes to the Rule. In this NPR, the Commission addresses the comments received during its review and invites public comment on the following four proposed changes to the Buyers Guide: adding boxes to the back of the Buyers Guide where dealers would have the option to indicate manufacturers' and other third-party warranties; adding a statement to the Buyers Guide encouraging consumers to seek vehicle history information and directing consumers to an FTC Web site for more information about vehicle histories; adding catalytic converters and airbags to the List of Systems on the back of the Buyers Guide; and adding a statement in Spanish to the English Buyers Guide directing consumers who cannot read the Buyers Guide in English to ask for a copy of it in Spanish.

77 FR 57996 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-19

... Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Helicopters AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for Eurocopter France... directive (AD): 2012-18-08 EUROCOPTER FRANCE: Amendment 39-17184; Docket No. FAA- 2011-1408; Directorate...

Federal Register Notice for the Mining Waste Exclusion Final Rule, September 1, 1989

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Final rule responding to a federal Appeals Court directive to narrow the exclusion of solid waste from the extraction, beneficiation, and processing of ores and minerals from regulation as hazardous waste as it applies to mineral processing wastes.

77 FR 15590 - Privacy Act; Implementation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-16

... Act; Implementation AGENCY: Defense Intelligence Agency, DoD. ACTION: Direct final rule with request for comments. SUMMARY: Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) is proposing to update the DIA Privacy Act... nonsubstantive changes to the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) Privacy Program rules. These changes will allow...

Direct Final Rule for Control of Air Pollution From Aircraft and Aircraft Engines; Emission Standards and Test Procedures

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This rule will adopt the current voluntary NOx and CO emissions standards of the United Nations International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), bringing the United States aircraft standards into alignment with the international standards.

78 FR 69551 - Privacy Act; Implementation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-20

... Privacy Act; Implementation AGENCY: Defense Intelligence Agency, DoD. ACTION: Direct final rule with request for comments. SUMMARY: Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) is proposing to update the DIA Privacy... Privacy Program rules that will exempt applicable Department records and/or material from certain portions...

40 CFR 791.45 - Processors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) When a test rule or subsequent Federal Register notice pertaining to a test rule expressly obligates processors as well as manufacturers to assume direct testing and data reimbursement responsibilities. (2... processors voluntarily agree to reimburse manufacturers for a portion of test costs. Only those processors...

Mistakes or deliberate violations? A study into the origins of rule breaking at pedestrian train crossings.

PubMed

Freeman, James; Rakotonirainy, Andry

2015-04-01

Train pedestrian collisions are the most likely to result in severe injuries and fatalities when compared to other types of rail crossing accidents. However, there is currently scant research that has examined the origins of pedestrians' rule breaking at level crossings. As a result, this study examined the origins of pedestrians' rule breaking behaviour at crossings, with particular emphasis directed towards examining the factors associated with making errors versus deliberation violations. A total of 636 individuals volunteered to participate in the study and completed either an online or paper version of the questionnaire. Quantitative analysis of the data revealed that knowledge regarding crossing rules was high, although up to 18% of level crossing users were either unsure or did not know (in some circumstances) when it was legal to cross at a level crossing. Furthermore, 156 participants (24.52%) reported having intentionally violated the rules at level crossings and 3.46% (n=22) of the sample had previously made a mistake at a crossing. In regards to rule violators, males (particularly minors) were more likely to report breaking rules, and the most frequent occurrence was after the train had passed rather than before it arrives. Regression analysis revealed that males who frequently use pedestrian crossings and report higher sensation seeking traits are most likely to break the rules. This research provides evidence that pedestrians are more likely to deliberately violate rules (rather than make errors) at crossings and it illuminates high risk groups. This paper will further outline the study findings in regards to the development of countermeasures as well as provide direction for future research efforts in this area. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The cold-water connection: Bergmann's rule in North American freshwater fishes.

PubMed

Rypel, Andrew L

2014-01-01

Understanding general rules governing macroecological body size variations is one of the oldest pursuits in ecology. However, this science has been dominated by studies of terrestrial vertebrates, spurring debate over the validity of such rules in other taxonomic groups. Here, relationships between maximum body size and latitude, temperature, and elevation were evaluated for 29 North American freshwater fish species. Bergmann's rule (i.e., that body size correlates positively with latitude and negatively with temperature) was observed in 38% of species, converse Bergmann's rule (that body size correlates negatively with latitude and positively with temperature) was observed in 34% of species, and 28% of species showed no macroecological body size relationships. Most notably, every species that expressed Bergmann's rule was a cool- or cold-water species while every species that expressed converse Bergmann's rule was a warm-water species, highlighting how these patterns are likely connected to species thermal niches. This study contradicts previous research suggesting Bergmann's rule does not apply to freshwater fishes, and is congruent with an emerging paradigm of variable macroecological body size patterns in poikilotherms.

Direct Observation of the Biaxial Stress Effect on Efficiency Droop in GaN-based Light-emitting Diode under Electrical Injection.

PubMed

Zheng, Jinjian; Li, Shuiqing; Chou, Chilun; Lin, Wei; Xun, Feilin; Guo, Fei; Zheng, Tongchang; Li, Shuping; Kang, Junyong

2015-12-04

Light-emitting diode (LED) efficiency has attracted considerable interest because of the extended use of solid-state lighting. Owing to lack of direct measurement, identification of the reasons for efficiency droop has been restricted. A direct measurement technique is developed in this work for characterization of biaxial stress in GaN-based blue LEDs under electrical injection. The Raman shift of the GaN E2 mode evidently decreases by 4.4 cm(-1) as the driving current on GaN-based LEDs increases to 700 mA. Biaxial compressive stress is released initially and biaxial tensile stress builds up as the current increases with respect to the value of stress-free GaN. First-principles calculations reveal that electron accumulation is responsible for the stress variation in InxGa1-xN/GaN quantum wells, and then reduces the transition probability among quantum levels. This behavior is consistent with the measured current-dependent external quantum efficiency. The rule of biaxial stress-dependent efficiency is further validated by controlling the biaxial stress of GaN-based LEDs with different sapphire substrate thicknesses. This work provides a method for direct observation of the biaxial stress effect on efficiency droop in LEDs under electrical injection.

Direct Observation of the Biaxial Stress Effect on Efficiency Droop in GaN-based Light-emitting Diode under Electrical Injection

PubMed Central

Zheng, Jinjian; Li, Shuiqing; Chou, Chilun; Lin, Wei; Xun, Feilin; Guo, Fei; Zheng, Tongchang; Li, Shuping; Kang, Junyong

2015-01-01

Light-emitting diode (LED) efficiency has attracted considerable interest because of the extended use of solid-state lighting. Owing to lack of direct measurement, identification of the reasons for efficiency droop has been restricted. A direct measurement technique is developed in this work for characterization of biaxial stress in GaN-based blue LEDs under electrical injection. The Raman shift of the GaN E2 mode evidently decreases by 4.4 cm−1 as the driving current on GaN-based LEDs increases to 700 mA. Biaxial compressive stress is released initially and biaxial tensile stress builds up as the current increases with respect to the value of stress-free GaN. First-principles calculations reveal that electron accumulation is responsible for the stress variation in InxGa1−xN/GaN quantum wells, and then reduces the transition probability among quantum levels. This behavior is consistent with the measured current-dependent external quantum efficiency. The rule of biaxial stress-dependent efficiency is further validated by controlling the biaxial stress of GaN-based LEDs with different sapphire substrate thicknesses. This work provides a method for direct observation of the biaxial stress effect on efficiency droop in LEDs under electrical injection. PMID:26634816

Transformations of visual memory induced by implied motions of pattern elements.

PubMed

Finke, R A; Freyd, J J

1985-10-01

Four experiments measured distortions in short-term visual memory induced by displays depicting independent translations of the elements of a pattern. In each experiment, observers saw a sequence of 4 dot patterns and were instructed to remember the third pattern and to compare it with the fourth. The first three patterns depicted translations of the dots in consistent, but separate directions. Error rates and reaction times for rejecting the fourth pattern as different from the third were substantially higher when the dots in that pattern were displaced slightly forward, in the same directions as the implied motions, compared with when the dots were displaced in the opposite, backward directions. These effects showed little variation across interstimulus intervals ranging from 250 to 2,000 ms, and did not depend on whether the displays gave rise to visual apparent motion. However, they were eliminated when the dots in the fourth pattern were displaced by larger amounts in each direction, corresponding to the dot positions in the next and previous patterns in the same inducing sequence. These findings extend our initial report of the phenomenon of "representational momentum" (Freyd & Finke, 1984a), and help to rule out alternatives to the proposal that visual memories tend to undergo, at least to some extent, the transformations implied by a prior sequence of observed events.

INWARD MOTIONS IN THE OUTER SOLAR CORONA BETWEEN 7 AND 12 R {sub ⊙}: EVIDENCE FOR WAVES OR MAGNETIC RECONNECTION JETS?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tenerani, Anna; Velli, Marco; DeForest, Craig, E-mail: annatenerani@epss.ucla.edu

DeForest et al. used synoptic visible-light image sequences from the COR2 coronagraph on board the STEREO-A spacecraft to identify inbound wave motions in the outer corona beyond 7 solar radii and inferred, from the observation, that the Alfvén surface separating the magnetically dominated corona from the flow dominated wind must be located beyond at least 12 solar radii from the Sun over polar coronal holes and beyond 15 solar radii in the streamer belt. Here, we attempt identification of the observed inward signal by theoretically reconstructing height-speed diagrams and comparing them to the observed profiles. Interpretation in terms of Alfvénmore » waves or Alfvénic turbulence appears to be ruled out by the fact that the observed signal shows a deceleration of inward motion when approaching the Sun. Fast magnetoacoustic waves are not directly ruled out in this way, as it is possible for inward waves observed in quadrature, but not propagating exactly radially, to suffer total reflection as the Alfvén speed rises close to the Sun. However, the reconstructed signal in the height-speed diagram has the wrong concavity. A final possibility is decelerating reconnection jets, most probably from component reconnection, in the accelerating wind: the profile in this case appears to match the observations very well. This interpretation does not alter the conclusion that the Alfvén surface must be at least 12 solar radii from the photosphere. Further observations should help constrain this process, never identified previously in this way, in the distance range from 7 to 12 solar radii.« less

78 FR 64153 - Direct Certification and Certification of Homeless, Migrant and Runaway Children for Free School...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-28

...-0001] RIN 0584-AD60 Direct Certification and Certification of Homeless, Migrant and Runaway Children... interim rule entitled Direct Certification and Certification of Homeless, Migrant and Runaway Children for...

Early effects of resident work-hour restrictions on patient safety: a systematic review and plea for improved studies.

PubMed

Baldwin, Keith; Namdari, Surena; Donegan, Derek; Kamath, Atul F; Mehta, Samir

2011-01-19

since the inception of the eighty-hour work week, work hour restrictions have incited considerable debate. Work hour policies were designed to prevent medical errors and to reduce patient morbidity and mortality. It is unclear whether work hour restrictions have been helpful in medicine in general and in orthopaedic surgery specifically. This systematic review of the literature was designed to determine the success of these restrictions in terms of patient mortality, medical errors, and complications. a systematic review of the literature was performed to determine if work hour rules have improved patient and systems-based outcomes and reduced physician errors as measured by mortality, medical errors, and complications. A random effects model was utilized to determine whether patient mortality rates were improved under the new rules. the odds of patient death before implementation of the work hour rules were 1.12 (95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 1.17) times those after implementation. These differences were consistent across disciplines. The data concerning medical or surgical complications before and after the institution of the work hour rules were mixed. There was little information in these studies concerning direct medical errors. The odds of death in nonteaching cohorts were not significantly different from that in teaching cohorts. there appears to be a decrease in mortality following the institution of work hour rules. The difference seen in teaching cohorts is not significantly different from that in nonteaching cohorts. It is unclear whether this difference would have been observed even without work hour restrictions. No study has shown a reduction in mortality for orthopaedic patients in teaching cohorts that was greater than that observed in nonteaching cohorts. Because of methodological concerns and the lack of current literature linking physician fatigue and physician underperformance with patient mortality, it is unclear whether the goals of the work hour reductions have been achieved. Furthermore, because of a lack of a so-called dose-response relationship between work hour reduction and patient mortality, it is uncertain whether further reductions would be beneficial. therapeutic Level III. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

77 FR 16137 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Model Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-20

... Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Model Helicopters AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for the Eurocopter France... directive (AD): 2012-05-01 Eurocopter France: Amendment 39-16973; Docket No. FAA- 2011-0454; Directorate...

Simple Rules, Not So Simple: The Use of International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) Terminology and Simple Rules in Inexperienced Hands in a Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study.

PubMed

Meys, Evelyne; Rutten, Iris; Kruitwagen, Roy; Slangen, Brigitte; Lambrechts, Sandrina; Mertens, Helen; Nolting, Ernst; Boskamp, Dieuwke; Van Gorp, Toon

2017-12-01

 To analyze how well untrained examiners - without experience in the use of International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) terminology or simple ultrasound-based rules (simple rules) - are able to apply IOTA terminology and simple rules and to assess the level of agreement between non-experts and an expert.  This prospective multicenter cohort study enrolled women with ovarian masses. Ultrasound was performed by non-expert examiners and an expert. Ultrasound features were recorded using IOTA nomenclature, and used for classifying the mass by simple rules. Interobserver agreement was evaluated with Fleiss' kappa and percentage agreement between observers.  50 consecutive women were included. We observed 46 discrepancies in the description of ovarian masses when non-experts utilized IOTA terminology. Tumor type was misclassified often (n = 22), resulting in poor interobserver agreement between the non-experts and the expert (kappa = 0.39, 95 %-CI 0.244 - 0.529, percentage of agreement = 52.0 %). Misinterpretation of simple rules by non-experts was observed 57 times, resulting in an erroneous diagnosis in 15 patients (30 %). The agreement for classifying the mass as benign, malignant or inconclusive by simple rules was only moderate between the non-experts and the expert (kappa = 0.50, 95 %-CI 0.300 - 0.704, percentage of agreement = 70.0 %). The level of agreement for all 10 simple rules features varied greatly (kappa index range: -0.08 - 0.74, percentage of agreement 66 - 94 %).  Although simple rules are useful to distinguish benign from malignant adnexal masses, they are not that simple for untrained examiners. Training with both IOTA terminology and simple rules is necessary before simple rules can be introduced into guidelines and daily clinical practice. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

49 CFR 220.309 - Permitted uses; exceptions to other restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RAILROAD COMMUNICATIONS Electronic Devices... an electronic device to refer to a railroad rule, special instruction, timetable, or other directive, if such use is authorized under a railroad operating rule or instruction. (b) An electronic device as...

18 CFR 281.305 - General rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Section 281.305 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OTHER REGULATIONS UNDER THE NATURAL GAS POLICY ACT OF 1978 AND RELATED AUTHORITIES NATURAL... General rule. Any essential agricultural user subject to this subpart that has requested from any direct...

Teaching "Filing Rules"--Via Computer-Aided Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Agneberg, Craig

A computer software package has been developed to teach and test students on the Rules for Alphabetical Filing of the Association of Records Managers and Administrators (ARMA). The following computer assisted instruction principles were used in developing the program: gaining attention, stating objectives, providing direction, reviewing…

17 CFR 300.503 - Voidable securities transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... (CONTINUED) Schedule A to Part 285 RULES OF THE SECURITIES INVESTOR PROTECTION CORPORATION Rules Relating to... right of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation, in a direct payment procedure under section 10... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Voidable securities...

78 FR 26255 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Texas; Approval of Texas Low...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-06

...EPA is granting direct final approval of a revision to the Texas State Implementation Plan (SIP) concerning the Texas Low Emission Diesel fuel rules. The revisions clarify existing definitions and provisions, revise the approval procedures for alternative diesel fuel formulations, add new registration requirements, and update the rule to reflect the current program status because the rule is now fully implemented. This SIP revision meets statutory requirements.

Semantic Web Research Trends and Directions

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-01

workflow templates. Workflow templates are used for various different tasks such as en- coding business rules in a B2B application, specifying domain...recently suggest that rules are desirable in this space, both in terms of their expressivity, and in some cases, due to their attractive computational...of OWL documents. However, in most cases, a more attractive solution is to simply write a rule that captures the inference needed, as it is reusable

Antecedents and consequences of emotional display rule perceptions.

PubMed

Diefendorff, James M; Richard, Erin M

2003-04-01

Central to all theories of emotional labor is the idea that individuals follow emotional display rules that specify the appropriate expression of emotions on the job. This investigation examined antecedents and consequences of emotional display rule perceptions. Full-time working adults (N = 152) from a variety of occupations provided self-report data, and supervisors and coworkers completed measures pertaining to the focal employees. Results using structural equation modeling revealed that job-based interpersonal requirements, supervisor display rule perceptions, and employee extraversion and neuroticism were predictive of employee display rule perceptions. Employee display rule perceptions, in turn, were related to self-reported job satisfaction and coworker ratings of employees' emotional displays on the job. Finally, neuroticism had direct negative relationships with job satisfaction and coworker ratings of employees' emotional displays.

Information management strategies within conversations about cigarette smoking: parenting correlates and longitudinal associations with teen smoking.

PubMed

Metzger, Aaron; Wakschlag, Lauren S; Anderson, Ryan; Darfler, Anne; Price, Juliette; Flores, Zujeil; Mermelstein, Robin

2013-08-01

The present study examined smoking-specific and general parenting predictors of in vivo observed patterns of parent-adolescent discussion concerning adolescents' cigarette smoking experiences and associations between these observed patterns and 24-month longitudinal trajectories of teen cigarette smoking behavior (nonsmokers, current experimenters, escalators). Parental solicitation, adolescent disclosure, and adolescent information management were coded from direct observations of 528 video-recorded parent-adolescent discussions about cigarette smoking with 344 teens (M age = 15.62 years) with a history of smoking experimentation (321 interactions with mothers, 207 interactions with fathers). Adolescent initiation of discussions concerning their own smoking behavior (21% of interactions) was predicted by lower levels of maternal observed disapproval of cigarette smoking and fewer teen-reported communication problems with mothers. Maternal initiation in discussions (35% of interactions) was associated with higher levels of family rules about illicit substance use. Three categories of adolescent information management (full disclosure, active secrecy, incomplete strategies) were coded by matching adolescents' confidential self-reported smoking status with their observed spontaneous disclosures and responses to parental solicitations. Fully disclosing teens reported higher quality communication with their mothers (more open, less problematic). Teens engaged in active secrecy with their mothers when families had high levels of parental rules about illicit substance use and when mothers expressed lower levels of expectancies that their teen would smoke in the future. Adolescents were more likely to escalate their smoking over 2 years if their parents initiated the discussion of adolescent smoking behavior (solicited) and if adolescents engaged in active secrecy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved).

Information Management Strategies Within Conversations About Cigarette Smoking: Parenting Correlates and Longitudinal Associations With Teen Smoking

PubMed Central

Metzger, Aaron; Wakschlag, Lauren S.; Anderson, Ryan; Darfler, Anne; Price, Juliette; Flores, Zujeil; Mermelstein, Robin

2013-01-01

The present study examined smoking-specific and general parenting predictors of in vivo observed patterns of parent–adolescent discussion concerning adolescents’ cigarette smoking experiences and associations between these observed patterns and 24-month longitudinal trajectories of teen cigarette smoking behavior (nonsmokers, current experimenters, escalators). Parental solicitation, adolescent disclosure, and adolescent information management were coded from direct observations of 528 video-recorded parent–adolescent discussions about cigarette smoking with 344 teens (M age = 15.62 years) with a history of smoking experimentation (321 interactions with mothers, 207 interactions with fathers). Adolescent initiation of discussions concerning their own smoking behavior (21% of interactions) was predicted by lower levels of maternal observed disapproval of cigarette smoking and fewer teen-reported communication problems with mothers. Maternal initiation in discussions (35% of interactions) was associated with higher levels of family rules about illicit substance use. Three categories of adolescent information management (full disclosure, active secrecy, incomplete strategies) were coded by matching adolescents’ confidential self-reported smoking status with their observed spontaneous disclosures and responses to parental solicitations. Fully disclosing teens reported higher quality communication with their mothers (more open, less problematic). Teens engaged in active secrecy with their mothers when families had high levels of parental rules about illicit substance use and when mothers expressed lower levels of expectancies that their teen would smoke in the future. Adolescents were more likely to escalate their smoking over 2 years if their parents initiated the discussion of adolescent smoking behavior (solicited) and if adolescents engaged in active secrecy. PMID:23148939

On the existence of low-mass dark matter and its direct detection.

PubMed

Bateman, James; McHardy, Ian; Merle, Alexander; Morris, Tim R; Ulbricht, Hendrik

2015-01-27

Dark Matter (DM) is an elusive form of matter which has been postulated to explain astronomical observations through its gravitational effects on stars and galaxies, gravitational lensing of light around these, and through its imprint on the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). This indirect evidence implies that DM accounts for as much as 84.5% of all matter in our Universe, yet it has so far evaded all attempts at direct detection, leaving such confirmation and the consequent discovery of its nature as one of the biggest challenges in modern physics. Here we present a novel form of low-mass DM χ that would have been missed by all experiments so far. While its large interaction strength might at first seem unlikely, neither constraints from particle physics nor cosmological/astronomical observations are sufficient to rule out this type of DM, and it motivates our proposal for direct detection by optomechanics technology which should soon be within reach, namely, through the precise position measurement of a levitated mesoscopic particle which will be perturbed by elastic collisions with χ particles. We show that a recently proposed nanoparticle matter-wave interferometer, originally conceived for tests of the quantum superposition principle, is sensitive to these collisions, too.

On the Existence of Low-Mass Dark Matter and its Direct Detection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bateman, James; McHardy, Ian; Merle, Alexander; Morris, Tim R.; Ulbricht, Hendrik

2015-01-01

Dark Matter (DM) is an elusive form of matter which has been postulated to explain astronomical observations through its gravitational effects on stars and galaxies, gravitational lensing of light around these, and through its imprint on the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). This indirect evidence implies that DM accounts for as much as 84.5% of all matter in our Universe, yet it has so far evaded all attempts at direct detection, leaving such confirmation and the consequent discovery of its nature as one of the biggest challenges in modern physics. Here we present a novel form of low-mass DM χ that would have been missed by all experiments so far. While its large interaction strength might at first seem unlikely, neither constraints from particle physics nor cosmological/astronomical observations are sufficient to rule out this type of DM, and it motivates our proposal for direct detection by optomechanics technology which should soon be within reach, namely, through the precise position measurement of a levitated mesoscopic particle which will be perturbed by elastic collisions with χ particles. We show that a recently proposed nanoparticle matter-wave interferometer, originally conceived for tests of the quantum superposition principle, is sensitive to these collisions, too.

A proposed technique for vehicle tracking, direction, and speed determination

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fisher, Paul S.; Angaye, Cleopas O.; Fisher, Howard P.

2004-12-01

A technique for recognition of vehicles in terms of direction, distance, and rate of change is presented. This represents very early work on this problem with significant hurdles still to be addressed. These are discussed in the paper. However, preliminary results also show promise for this technique for use in security and defense environments where the penetration of a perimeter is of concern. The material described herein indicates a process whereby the protection of a barrier could be augmented by computers and installed cameras assisting the individuals charged with this responsibility. The technique we employ is called Finite Inductive Sequences (FI) and is proposed as a means for eliminating data requiring storage and recognition where conventional mathematical models don"t eliminate enough and statistical models eliminate too much. FI is a simple idea and is based upon a symbol push-out technique that allows the order (inductive base) of the model to be set to an a priori value for all derived rules. The rules are obtained from exemplar data sets, and are derived by a technique called Factoring, yielding a table of rules called a Ruling. These rules can then be used in pattern recognition applications such as described in this paper.

76 FR 27090 - Meeting of the Judicial Conference Advisory Committee on Rules of Civil Procedure

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-10

... Rules of Civil Procedure AGENCY: Judicial Conference of the United States Advisory Committee on Rules of Civil Procedure. ACTION: Notice of open meeting. SUMMARY: The Advisory Committee on Rules of Civil Procedure will hold a two-day meeting. The meeting will be open to public observation but not participation...

75 FR 32816 - Meeting of the Judicial Conference Advisory Committee on Rules of Civil Procedure

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-09

... Rules of Civil Procedure AGENCY: Judicial Conference of the United States Advisory Committee on Rules of Civil Procedure. ACTION: Notice of open meeting. SUMMARY: The Advisory Committee on Rules of Civil Procedure will hold a two-day meeting. The meeting will be open to public observation but not participation...

78 FR 53635 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-30

... Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Airplanes AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for certain Airbus Model A330-200 and... Sec. 39.13 by adding the following new airworthiness directive (AD): 2013-17-03 Airbus: Amendment 39...

Nearest Neighbor Algorithms for Pattern Classification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barrios, J. O.

1972-01-01

A solution of the discrimination problem is considered by means of the minimum distance classifier, commonly referred to as the nearest neighbor (NN) rule. The NN rule is nonparametric, or distribution free, in the sense that it does not depend on any assumptions about the underlying statistics for its application. The k-NN rule is a procedure that assigns an observation vector z to a category F if most of the k nearby observations x sub i are elements of F. The condensed nearest neighbor (CNN) rule may be used to reduce the size of the training set required categorize The Bayes risk serves merely as a reference-the limit of excellence beyond which it is not possible to go. The NN rule is bounded below by the Bayes risk and above by twice the Bayes risk.

75 FR 80294 - Direct Investment Surveys: BE-11, Annual Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-22

...] RIN 0691-AA74 Direct Investment Surveys: BE-11, Annual Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad AGENCY... for the BE-11, Annual Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad. BEA conducts the survey annually and.... Direct Investment Abroad. DATES: This final rule will be effective January 21, 2011. FOR FURTHER...

A novel way of integrating rule-based knowledge into a web ontology language framework.

PubMed

Gamberger, Dragan; Krstaçić, Goran; Jović, Alan

2013-01-01

Web ontology language (OWL), used in combination with the Protégé visual interface, is a modern standard for development and maintenance of ontologies and a powerful tool for knowledge presentation. In this work, we describe a novel possibility to use OWL also for the conceptualization of knowledge presented by a set of rules. In this approach, rules are represented as a hierarchy of actionable classes with necessary and sufficient conditions defined by the description logic formalism. The advantages are that: the set of the rules is not an unordered set anymore, the concepts defined in descriptive ontologies can be used directly in the bodies of rules, and Protégé presents an intuitive tool for editing the set of rules. Standard ontology reasoning processes are not applicable in this framework, but experiments conducted on the rule sets have demonstrated that the reasoning problems can be successfully solved.

Patient protection and Affordable Care Act; data collection to support standards related to essential health benefits; recognition of entities for the accreditation of qualified health plans. Final rule.

PubMed

2012-07-20

This final rule establishes data collection standards necessary to implement aspects of section 1302 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Affordable Care Act), which directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services to define essential health benefits. This final rule outlines the data on applicable plans to be collected from certain issuers to support the definition of essential health benefits. This final rule also establishes a process for the recognition of accrediting entities for purposes of certification of qualified health plans.

Personalization of Rule-based Web Services.

PubMed

Choi, Okkyung; Han, Sang Yong

2008-04-04

Nowadays Web users have clearly expressed their wishes to receive personalized services directly. Personalization is the way to tailor services directly to the immediate requirements of the user. However, the current Web Services System does not provide any features supporting this such as consideration of personalization of services and intelligent matchmaking. In this research a flexible, personalized Rule-based Web Services System to address these problems and to enable efficient search, discovery and construction across general Web documents and Semantic Web documents in a Web Services System is proposed. This system utilizes matchmaking among service requesters', service providers' and users' preferences using a Rule-based Search Method, and subsequently ranks search results. A prototype of efficient Web Services search and construction for the suggested system is developed based on the current work.

10 CFR 2.807 - Effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Effective date. 2.807 Section 2.807 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION RULES OF PRACTICE FOR DOMESTIC LICENSING PROCEEDINGS AND ISSUANCE OF ORDERS Rulemaking... the Commission directs otherwise on good cause found and published in the notice of rule making. ...

76 FR 38592 - Phosphorus Water Quality Standards for Florida Everglades

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 131 [EPA-HQ-OW-2011-0515; FRL-9428-3] Phosphorus Water... Standards for Phosphorus in the Everglades Protection Area (Phosphorus Rule) and Florida's Amended... the Phosphorus Rule and EFA. EPA's disapproval, specific directions to the State, and today's proposed...

75 FR 81679 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-28

... entitled ``Accounting of Segregated Trust Account.'' Rule 27d-1 requires the depositor or principal... investment companies. Rule 27d-1(j) directs depositors and principal underwriters to make an accounting of... certain financial criteria; and (iii) the depositor or principal underwriter must file as an exhibit to...

75 FR 68215 - Direct Final Rule Staying Numeric Limitation for the Construction and Development Point Source...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-05

... required to obtain NPDES permit coverage and performing the following activities: Construction of buildings, including building, developing and general contracting. Heavy and civil 237 engineering construction... Rule Staying Numeric Limitation for the Construction and Development Point Source Category AGENCY...

Female mate choice in convict cichlids is transitive and consistent with a self-referent directional preference

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Introduction One of the most important decisions that an animal has to make in its life is choosing a mate. Although most studies in sexual selection assume that mate choice is rational, this assumption has not been tested seriously. A crucial component of rationality is that animals exhibit transitive choices: if an individual prefers option A over B, and B over C, then it also prefers A over C. Results We assessed transitivity in mate choice: 40 female convict cichlids had to make a series of binary choices between males of varying size. Ninety percent of females showed transitive choices. The mean preference index was significantly higher when a female chose between their most preferred and least preferred male (male 1 vs. male 3) compared to when they chose between males of adjacent ranks (1 vs. 2 or 2 vs. 3). The results are consistent with a simple underlying preference function leading to transitive choice: females preferred males about one third larger than themselves. This rule of thumb correctly predicted which male was preferred in 67% of the cases and the ordering in binary choices in 78% of cases. Conclusions This study provides the first evidence for strong stochastic transitivity in a context of mate choice. The females exhibited ordinal preferences and the direction and magnitude of these preferences could be predicted from a simple rule. The females do not necessarily compare two males to choose the best; it is sufficient to use a self-referent evaluation. Such a simple decision rule has important implications for the evolution of the mating strategies and it is consistent with patterns of assortative mating repeatedly observed at population level. PMID:24216003

Adaptation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis to daily repeated stress does not follow the rules of habituation: A new perspective.

PubMed

Rabasa, Cristina; Gagliano, Humberto; Pastor-Ciurana, Jordi; Fuentes, Silvia; Belda, Xavier; Nadal, Roser; Armario, Antonio

2015-09-01

Repeated exposure to a wide range of stressors differing in nature and intensity results in a reduced response of prototypical stress markers (i.e. plasma levels of ACTH and adrenaline) after an acute challenge with the same (homotypic) stressor. This reduction has been considered to be a habituation-like phenomenon. However, direct experimental evidence for this assumption is scarce. In the present work we demonstrate in adult male rats that adaptation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to repeated stress does not follow some of the critical rules of habituation. Briefly, adaptation was stronger and faster with more severe stressors, maximally observed even with a single exposure to severe stressors, extremely long-lasting, negatively related to the interval between the exposures and positively related to the length of daily exposure. We offer a new theoretical view to explain adaptation to daily repeated stress. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The political economy of the introduction of Western medicine in India and preexisting health practices.

PubMed

Banerji, Debabar

2009-01-01

In India, by the second century B.C., Ayurvedic medicine had already taken the momentous step of becoming rational therapeutics. Physicians created a methodology based on the supreme importance of direct observation of natural phenomena and the technique of rational processing of empirical data. However, over the long history of the country, Ayurvedic medicine underwent severe erosion of its knowledge and practice because of profound political, cultural, social, and economic changes. Nevertheless, it was used by the poor because access to Western medicine was denied by the ruling classes. Alarm bells started to ring with the declaration of self-reliance and self-determination by the poor at Alma-Ata in 1978. A syndicate of the rich countries, with active support of India's ruling elite, mobilized the enormous influence and resources of organizations such as the International Monetary Fund, World Health Organization, UNICEF, and World Bank to promote their unconcealed agenda of promoting the private health sector and further decimating the public sector.

The first scientific description of aurora borealis: the 10 September 1580 event in Transylvania, recorded by Marcello Squarcialupi

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kázmér, Miklós; Timár, Gábor

2016-12-01

The first scientific treatise on aurora borealis was published by Marcello Squarcialupi, an Italian medical doctor working in the court of the Hungarian Prince of Transylvania. His book, De coelo ardore, described the aurora of 10 September 1580 in great detail, providing exact data from his personal observations on the time, direction, shape, colour, and variability. He invoked a rational explanation, bringing up only natural causes, and confronted these with the ruling Aristotelian view. The original Latin text describing the aurora is provided, with an English translation.

78 FR 1723 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-09

... Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Airplanes AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule; request for comments. SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for all Airbus... Friday, except Federal holidays. For service information identified in this AD, contact Airbus...

78 FR 25365 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-01

... Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Helicopters AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for Eurocopter France... applies. FAA's Determination These helicopters have been approved by the aviation authority of France and...

78 FR 60185 - Airworthiness Directives; Robinson Helicopter Company (Robinson)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-01

... Airworthiness Directives; Robinson Helicopter Company (Robinson) AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for Robinson... effective November 5, 2013. ADDRESSES: For service information identified in this AD, contact Robinson...

10 CFR 820.13 - Direction to NNSA contractors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Direction to NNSA contractors. 820.13 Section 820.13 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PROCEDURAL RULES FOR DOE NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES General § 820.13 Direction to..., issues and serves the following actions that direct NNSA contractors: (1) Subpoenas; (2) Orders to compel...

47 CFR 101.115 - Directional antennas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Directional antennas. 101.115 Section 101.115... SERVICES Technical Standards § 101.115 Directional antennas. Link to an amendment published at 76 FR 59572... authorized under the rules of this part must employ a directional antenna adjusted with the center of the...

47 CFR 101.115 - Directional antennas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Directional antennas. 101.115 Section 101.115... SERVICES Technical Standards § 101.115 Directional antennas. Link to an amendment published at 77 FR 54432... authorized under the rules of this part must employ a directional antenna adjusted with the center of the...

JPRS Report, Near East & South Asia.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-21

provisional self -rule period and because the self -rule program must be given a chance. We hope that the Israeli public will be the judge on this issue...Party plans to project as its platform for the coming elections? [Answer] The program of self -rule, plus direct negotia- tions through a "regional...should have the right to return." Self -Confidence The head of the national committee does not hide his pride in the body that he heads. According to

Diagonalizing Tensor Covariants, Light-Cone Commutators, and Sum Rules

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lo, C. Y.

We derive fixed-mass sum rules for virtual Compton scattering the forward direction. We use the methods of both Dicus, Jackiw, and Teplitz (for the absorptive parts) and Heimann, Hey, and Mandula (for the real parts). We find a set of tensor covariansa such that the corresponding scalar amplitudes are proportional to simple t-channel parity-conserving helicity amplitudes. We give a relatively complete discussion of the convergence of the sum rules in a Regge model. (auth)

77 FR 12077 - Meeting of the Judicial Conference Advisory Committee on Rules of Appellate Procedure

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-28

... Rules of Appellate Procedure. ACTION: Notice of open meeting. SUMMARY: The Advisory Committee on Rules of Appellate Procedure will hold a two-day meeting. The meeting will be open to public observation.... Robinson, Deputy Rules Officer and Counsel. [FR Doc. 2012-4636 Filed 2-27-12; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 2210-55...

32 CFR 2004.11 - Agency Implementing Regulations, Internal Rules, or Guidelines [102(b)(3)].

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., or Guidelines [102(b)(3)]. 2004.11 Section 2004.11 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to... NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL SECURITY PROGRAM DIRECTIVE NO. 1 Implementation and Oversight § 2004.11 Agency Implementing Regulations, Internal Rules, or Guidelines [102(b)(3)]. (a) Reviews and Updates. All implementing...

32 CFR 2004.11 - Agency Implementing Regulations, Internal Rules, or Guidelines [102(b)(3)].

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., or Guidelines [102(b)(3)]. 2004.11 Section 2004.11 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to... NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL SECURITY PROGRAM DIRECTIVE NO. 1 Implementation and Oversight § 2004.11 Agency Implementing Regulations, Internal Rules, or Guidelines [102(b)(3)]. (a) Reviews and Updates. All implementing...

32 CFR 2004.11 - Agency Implementing Regulations, Internal Rules, or Guidelines [102(b)(3)].

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., or Guidelines [102(b)(3)]. 2004.11 Section 2004.11 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to... NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL SECURITY PROGRAM DIRECTIVE NO. 1 Implementation and Oversight § 2004.11 Agency Implementing Regulations, Internal Rules, or Guidelines [102(b)(3)]. (a) Reviews and Updates. All implementing...

32 CFR 2004.11 - Agency Implementing Regulations, Internal Rules, or Guidelines [102(b)(3)].

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., or Guidelines [102(b)(3)]. 2004.11 Section 2004.11 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to... NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL SECURITY PROGRAM DIRECTIVE NO. 1 Implementation and Oversight § 2004.11 Agency Implementing Regulations, Internal Rules, or Guidelines [102(b)(3)]. (a) Reviews and Updates. All implementing...

14 CFR 302.703 - Order to show cause or instituting a hearing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... TRANSPORTATION (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) PROCEDURAL REGULATIONS RULES OF PRACTICE IN PROCEEDINGS Rules Applicable to...'s own initiative, the DOT decisionmaker may issue an order directing the respondent to show cause... order to show cause, or may issue an order setting the matter for hearing before an administrative law...

14 CFR 302.703 - Order to show cause or instituting a hearing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... TRANSPORTATION (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) PROCEDURAL REGULATIONS RULES OF PRACTICE IN PROCEEDINGS Rules Applicable to...'s own initiative, the DOT decisionmaker may issue an order directing the respondent to show cause... order to show cause, or may issue an order setting the matter for hearing before an administrative law...

14 CFR 302.703 - Order to show cause or instituting a hearing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... TRANSPORTATION (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) PROCEDURAL REGULATIONS RULES OF PRACTICE IN PROCEEDINGS Rules Applicable to...'s own initiative, the DOT decisionmaker may issue an order directing the respondent to show cause... order to show cause, or may issue an order setting the matter for hearing before an administrative law...

14 CFR 302.703 - Order to show cause or instituting a hearing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... TRANSPORTATION (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) PROCEDURAL REGULATIONS RULES OF PRACTICE IN PROCEEDINGS Rules Applicable to...'s own initiative, the DOT decisionmaker may issue an order directing the respondent to show cause... order to show cause, or may issue an order setting the matter for hearing before an administrative law...

77 FR 2497 - Great Lakes Steamship Repower Incentive Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-18

... allow the use of residual fuel in the replacement diesel engines that exceeds the global and ECA sulfur... changes, see the direct final rule EPA has published in the ``Rules and Regulations'' section of today's... substantial number of small entities. Small entities include small businesses, small organizations, and small...

75 FR 67634 - Compliance With Interstate Motor Carrier Noise Emission Standards: Exhaust Systems

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-03

... No. FMCSA-2006-24065] RIN-2126-AB31 Compliance With Interstate Motor Carrier Noise Emission Standards... effective date of the direct final rule, titled ``Compliance with Interstate Motor Carrier Noise Emission... rule eliminates turbochargers from the list of equipment considered to be noise dissipative devices...

Opacity and Transparency in Phonological Change

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gress-Wright, Jonathan

2010-01-01

Final obstruent devoicing is attested in both Middle and Modern High German, and the modern rule is usually assumed to have been directly inherited from the medieval rule without any chronological break (Reichmann & Wegera 1993), despite the fact that the graphic representation of final devoicing ceased in the Early Modern period. However, an…

5 CFR 1320.11 - Clearance of collections of information in proposed rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Clearance of collections of information in proposed rules. 1320.11 Section 1320.11 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET OMB DIRECTIVES CONTROLLING PAPERWORK BURDENS ON THE PUBLIC § 1320.11 Clearance of collections of...

5 CFR 1320.12 - Clearance of collections of information in current rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Clearance of collections of information in current rules. 1320.12 Section 1320.12 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET OMB DIRECTIVES CONTROLLING PAPERWORK BURDENS ON THE PUBLIC § 1320.12 Clearance of collections of...

75 FR 61356 - Hazardous Waste Management System; Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste; Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-05

... implications. It will not have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship between the... Act of 1996, generally provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating the rule... protection, Hazardous waste, Recycling, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. Authority: Sec. 3001(f...

77 FR 13969 - Revising Standards Referenced in the Acetylene Standard

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-08

.... OSHA-2011-0183] RIN 1218-AC64 Revising Standards Referenced in the Acetylene Standard AGENCY: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Department of Labor. ACTION: Final rule; confirmation of effective date. SUMMARY: OSHA is confirming the effective date of its direct final rule that revises the...

26 CFR 1.148-0 - Scope and table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... method. (b) Allocation of gross proceeds to an issue. (1) One-issue rule and general ordering rules. (2... for which the bonds were issued. To accomplish these purposes, section 148 restricts the direct and... substance. (4) Reasonable charge. (5) Guarantee of purpose investments. (6) Allocation of qualified...

Mathematical interpretation of Brownian motor model: Limit cycles and directed transport phenomena

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Jianqiang; Ma, Hong; Zhong, Suchuang

2018-03-01

In this article, we first suggest that the attractor of Brownian motor model is one of the reasons for the directed transport phenomenon of Brownian particle. We take the classical Smoluchowski-Feynman (SF) ratchet model as an example to investigate the relationship between limit cycles and directed transport phenomenon of the Brownian particle. We study the existence and variation rule of limit cycles of SF ratchet model at changing parameters through mathematical methods. The influences of these parameters on the directed transport phenomenon of a Brownian particle are then analyzed through numerical simulations. Reasonable mathematical explanations for the directed transport phenomenon of Brownian particle in SF ratchet model are also formulated on the basis of the existence and variation rule of the limit cycles and numerical simulations. These mathematical explanations provide a theoretical basis for applying these theories in physics, biology, chemistry, and engineering.

A rule-based shell to hierarchically organize HST observations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bose, Ashim; Gerb, Andrew

1995-01-01

An observing program on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is described in terms of exposures that are obtained by one or more of the instruments onboard the HST. These exposures are organized into a hierarchy of structures for purposes of efficient scheduling of observations. The process by which exposures get organized into the higher-level structures is called merging. This process relies on rules to determine which observations can be 'merged' into the same higher level structure, and which cannot. The TRANSformation expert system converts proposals for astronomical observations with HST into detailed observing plans. The conversion process includes the task of merging. Within TRANS, we have implemented a declarative shell to facilitate merging. This shell offers the following features: (1) an easy way of specifying rules on when to merge and when not to merge, (2) a straightforward priority mechanism for resolving conflicts among rules, (3) an explanation facility for recording the merging history, (4) a report generating mechanism to help users understand the reasons for merging, and (5) a self-documenting mechanism that documents all the merging rules that have been defined in the shell, ordered by priority. The merging shell is implemented using an object-oriented paradigm in CLOS. It has been a part of operational TRANS (after extensive testing) since July 1993. It has fulfilled all performance expectations, and has considerably simplified the process of implementing new or changed requirements for merging. The users are pleased with its report-generating and self-documenting features.

12 CFR 311.3 - Meetings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Meetings. 311.3 Section 311.3 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION PROCEDURE AND RULES OF PRACTICE RULES GOVERNING PUBLIC OBSERVATION... be open to public observation. Board members will not jointly conduct or dispose of Corporation...

Global fits of GUT-scale SUSY models with GAMBIT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Athron, Peter; Balázs, Csaba; Bringmann, Torsten; Buckley, Andy; Chrząszcz, Marcin; Conrad, Jan; Cornell, Jonathan M.; Dal, Lars A.; Edsjö, Joakim; Farmer, Ben; Jackson, Paul; Krislock, Abram; Kvellestad, Anders; Mahmoudi, Farvah; Martinez, Gregory D.; Putze, Antje; Raklev, Are; Rogan, Christopher; de Austri, Roberto Ruiz; Saavedra, Aldo; Savage, Christopher; Scott, Pat; Serra, Nicola; Weniger, Christoph; White, Martin

2017-12-01

We present the most comprehensive global fits to date of three supersymmetric models motivated by grand unification: the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model (CMSSM), and its Non-Universal Higgs Mass generalisations NUHM1 and NUHM2. We include likelihoods from a number of direct and indirect dark matter searches, a large collection of electroweak precision and flavour observables, direct searches for supersymmetry at LEP and Runs I and II of the LHC, and constraints from Higgs observables. Our analysis improves on existing results not only in terms of the number of included observables, but also in the level of detail with which we treat them, our sampling techniques for scanning the parameter space, and our treatment of nuisance parameters. We show that stau co-annihilation is now ruled out in the CMSSM at more than 95% confidence. Stop co-annihilation turns out to be one of the most promising mechanisms for achieving an appropriate relic density of dark matter in all three models, whilst avoiding all other constraints. We find high-likelihood regions of parameter space featuring light stops and charginos, making them potentially detectable in the near future at the LHC. We also show that tonne-scale direct detection will play a largely complementary role, probing large parts of the remaining viable parameter space, including essentially all models with multi-TeV neutralinos.

78 FR 49908 - Airworthiness Directives; Eclipse Aerospace, Inc. Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-16

... Airworthiness Directives; Eclipse Aerospace, Inc. Airplanes AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for all Eclipse Aerospace... Eclipse Aerospace, Inc., 26 East Palatine Road, Wheeling, Illinois 60090; telephone: (877) 373-7978...

76 FR 78524 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-19

... Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Airplanes AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Department of Transportation (DOT). ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for Airbus... an aeroplane from the Airbus production line, a fault message was triggered on FDU1 [fire detection...

78 FR 23105 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-18

... Directives; Airbus Airplanes AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Department of Transportation (DOT). ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for certain Airbus Model... Agency] has received a report via Airbus and Messier-Bugatti-Dowty Ltd, from a Maintenance repair...

76 FR 60367 - Airworthiness Directives; Piper Aircraft, Inc. Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-29

... Airworthiness Directives; Piper Aircraft, Inc. Airplanes AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are revising an existing airworthiness directive (AD) for certain Piper...). ADDRESSES: For service information identified in this AD, contact Piper Aircraft, Inc., 2926 Piper Drive...

78 FR 18230 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-26

... Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Helicopters AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for Eurocopter France... approved by the aviation authority of France and is approved for operation in the United States. Pursuant...

78 FR 65871 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-04

... Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Helicopters AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for Eurocopter France... aviation authority of France and are approved for operation in the United States. Pursuant to our bilateral...

78 FR 25380 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-01

... Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Helicopters AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for Eurocopter France... Determination These helicopters have been approved by the aviation authority of France and are approved for...

77 FR 70360 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-26

... Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Helicopters AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for all Eurocopter France... France and are approved for operation in the United States. Pursuant to our bilateral agreement with...

78 FR 857 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-07

... Directives; Eurocopter France Helicopters AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for Eurocopter France (Eurocopter... been approved by the aviation authority of France and are approved for operation in the United States...

Choosing the Rules: Distinct and Overlapping Frontoparietal Representations of Task Rules for Perceptual Decisions

PubMed Central

Kriegeskorte, Nikolaus; Carlin, Johan D.; Rowe, James B.

2013-01-01

Behavior is governed by rules that associate stimuli with responses and outcomes. Human and monkey studies have shown that rule-specific information is widely represented in the frontoparietal cortex. However, it is not known how establishing a rule under different contexts affects its neural representation. Here, we use event-related functional MRI (fMRI) and multivoxel pattern classification methods to investigate the human brain's mechanisms of establishing and maintaining rules for multiple perceptual decision tasks. Rules were either chosen by participants or specifically instructed to them, and the fMRI activation patterns representing rule-specific information were compared between these contexts. We show that frontoparietal regions differ in the properties of their rule representations during active maintenance before execution. First, rule-specific information maintained in the dorsolateral and medial frontal cortex depends on the context in which it was established (chosen vs specified). Second, rule representations maintained in the ventrolateral frontal and parietal cortex are independent of the context in which they were established. Furthermore, we found that the rule-specific coding maintained in anticipation of stimuli may change with execution of the rule: representations in context-independent regions remain invariant from maintenance to execution stages, whereas rule representations in context-dependent regions do not generalize to execution stage. The identification of distinct frontoparietal systems with context-independent and context-dependent task rule representations, and the distinction between anticipatory and executive rule representations, provide new insights into the functional architecture of goal-directed behavior. PMID:23864675

Dipole Excitation of Soft and Giant Resonances in 132Sn and neighboring unstable nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boretzky, Konstanze

2006-04-01

The evolution of dipole-strength distributions above the one-neutron threshold was investigated for exotic neutron-rich nuclei in a series of experiments using the electromagnetic projectile excitation at beam energies around 500 MeV/u. For halo nuclei, the large observed dipole strength (shown here for 11Be) is explained within the direct-breakup model to be of non-collective character. For neutron-rich oxygen isotopes, the origin of the observed low-lying strength is concluded to be due to single-particle transitions on theoretical grounds. The dipole strength spectra for 130,132Sn exhibit resonance-like structures observed at energies around 10 MeV exhausting a few percent of the Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn (TRK) sum rule, separated clearly from the dominant Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR). The data agree with predictions for a new dipole mode related to the oscillation of excess neutrons versus the core nucleons ("pygmy resonance").

[Good drug distribution practice and its implementation in drug distribution companies].

PubMed

Draksiene, Gailute

2002-01-01

Good Distribution Practice is based on the Directive of the Board of the European Community 92/25/EEC regarding the wholesale distribution of drugs for human consumption. It is stated in the Directive that the whole drug distribution channel is to be controlled from the point of drug production or import down to the supplies to the end user. In order to reach the goal, the drug distribution company must create the quality assurance system and facilitate its correct functioning. This aim requires development of the rules of the Good Distribution Practice. Those rules set the general requirements of the Good Distribution Practice for distribution companies that they must conduct. The article explains main requirements postulated in the rules of the Good Distribution Practice and implementation of the Good Distribution Practice requirements in drug distribution companies.

Enhancing Scheduling Performance for a Wafer Fabrication Factory: The Biobjective Slack-Diversifying Nonlinear Fluctuation-Smoothing Rule

PubMed Central

Chen, Toly; Wang, Yu Cheng

2012-01-01

A biobjective slack-diversifying nonlinear fluctuation-smoothing rule (biSDNFS) is proposed in the present work to improve the scheduling performance of a wafer fabrication factory. This rule was derived from a one-factor bi-objective nonlinear fluctuation-smoothing rule (1f-biNFS) by dynamically maximizing the standard deviation of the slack, which has been shown to benefit scheduling performance by several previous studies. The efficacy of the biSDNFS was validated with a simulated case; evidence was found to support its effectiveness. We also suggested several directions in which it can be exploited in the future. PMID:23509446

Discrimination theory of rule-governed behavior

PubMed Central

Cerutti, Daniel T.

1989-01-01

In rule-governed behavior, previously established elementary discriminations are combined in complex instructions and thus result in complex behavior. Discriminative combining and recombining of responses produce behavior with characteristics differing from those of behavior that is established through the effects of its direct consequences. For example, responding in instructed discrimination may be occasioned by discriminative stimuli that are temporally and situationally removed from the circumstances under which the discrimination is instructed. The present account illustrates properties of rule-governed behavior with examples from research in instructional control and imitation learning. Units of instructed behavior, circumstances controlling compliance with instructions, and rule-governed problem solving are considered. PMID:16812579

14 CFR 212.7 - Direct sales.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Direct sales. 212.7 Section 212.7... REGULATIONS CHARTER RULES FOR U.S. AND FOREIGN DIRECT AIR CARRIERS § 212.7 Direct sales. (a) Certificated and foreign air carriers may sell or offer for sale, and operate, as principal, Public Charter flights under...

14 CFR 212.7 - Direct sales.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Direct sales. 212.7 Section 212.7... REGULATIONS CHARTER RULES FOR U.S. AND FOREIGN DIRECT AIR CARRIERS § 212.7 Direct sales. (a) Certificated and foreign air carriers may sell or offer for sale, and operate, as principal, Public Charter flights under...

14 CFR 212.7 - Direct sales.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Direct sales. 212.7 Section 212.7... REGULATIONS CHARTER RULES FOR U.S. AND FOREIGN DIRECT AIR CARRIERS § 212.7 Direct sales. (a) Certificated and foreign air carriers may sell or offer for sale, and operate, as principal, Public Charter flights under...

14 CFR 212.7 - Direct sales.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Direct sales. 212.7 Section 212.7... REGULATIONS CHARTER RULES FOR U.S. AND FOREIGN DIRECT AIR CARRIERS § 212.7 Direct sales. (a) Certificated and foreign air carriers may sell or offer for sale, and operate, as principal, Public Charter flights under...

14 CFR 212.7 - Direct sales.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Direct sales. 212.7 Section 212.7... REGULATIONS CHARTER RULES FOR U.S. AND FOREIGN DIRECT AIR CARRIERS § 212.7 Direct sales. (a) Certificated and foreign air carriers may sell or offer for sale, and operate, as principal, Public Charter flights under...

77 FR 13162 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of Proposed Rule...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-05

... (``PFOF'') program that helps its Specialists \\5\\ and Directed Registered Options Traders [[Page 13163... flow provider directing some or all of its order flow to that Specialist or Directed ROT. This program is funded through fees paid by Registered Options Traders (``ROTs''), Specialists and Directed ROTs...

Large, valley-exclusive Bloch-Siegert shift in monolayer WS2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sie, Edbert J.; Lui, Chun Hung; Lee, Yi-Hsien; Fu, Liang; Kong, Jing; Gedik, Nuh

2017-03-01

Coherent interaction with off-resonance light can be used to shift the energy levels of atoms, molecules, and solids. The dominant effect is the optical Stark shift, but there is an additional contribution from the so-called Bloch-Siegert shift that has eluded direct and exclusive observation in solids. We observed an exceptionally large Bloch-Siegert shift in monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) under infrared optical driving. By controlling the light helicity, we could confine the Bloch-Siegert shift to occur only at one valley, and the optical Stark shift at the other valley, because the two effects obey opposite selection rules at different valleys. Such a large and valley-exclusive Bloch-Siegert shift allows for enhanced control over the valleytronic properties of two-dimensional materials.

Gestalt factors modulate basic spatial vision.

PubMed

Sayim, B; Westheimer, G; Herzog, M H

2010-05-01

Human perception of a stimulus varies depending on the context in which the stimulus is presented. Such contextual modulation has often been explained by two basic neural mechanisms: lateral inhibition and spatial pooling. In the present study, we presented observers with a vernier stimulus flanked by single lines; observers' ability to discriminate the offset direction of the vernier stimulus deteriorated in accordance with both explanations. However, when the flanking lines were part of a geometric shape (i.e., a good Gestalt), this deterioration strongly diminished. These findings cannot be explained by lateral inhibition or spatial pooling. It seems that Gestalt factors play an important role in contextual modulation. We propose that contextual modulation can be used as a quantitative measure to investigate the rules governing the grouping of elements into meaningful wholes.

Use of Yohkoh SXT in Measuring the Net Current and CME Productivity of Active Regions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Falconer, D. A.; Moore, R. L.; Gary, G. A.; Six, N. Frank (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

In our investigation of the correlation of global nonpotentiality of active regions to their CME productivity (Falconer, D.A. 2001, JGR, in press, and Falconer, Moore, & Gary, 2000, EOS 82, 20 S323), we use Yohkoh SXT images for two purposes. The first use is to help resolve the 180 degree ambiguity in the direction of the observed transverse magnetic field. Resolution of the 180 degree ambiguity is important, since the net current, one of our measures of global nonpotentiality, is derived from integrating the dot product of the transverse field around a contour (I(sub N)=(integral)BT(raised dot)dl). The ambiguity results from the observed transverse field being determined from the linear polarization, which gives the plane of the direction, but leaves a 180 degrees ambiguity. Automated methods to resolve the ambiguity ranging from the simple acute angle rule (Falconer, D.A. 2001) to the more sophisticated annealing method (Metcalf T.R. 1994). For many active regions, especially ones that are nearly potential these methods work well. But for very nonpotential active regions where the shear angle (the angle between the observed and potential transverse field) is near 90 degrees throughout large swaths along the main neutral line, both methods can resolve the ambiguity incorrectly for long segments of the neutral line. By determining from coronal images, such as those from Yohkoh/SXT, the sense of shear along the main neutral line in the active region, these cases can be identified and corrected by a modification of the acute angle rule described here. The second use of Yohkoh/SXT in this study is to check for the cusped coronal arcades of long-duration eruptive flares. This signature is an excellent proxy for CMEs, and was used by Canfield, Hudson, and McKenzie (1999 GRL V26, 6, 627-630). This work is funded by NSF through the Space Weather Program and by NASA through the Solar Physics Supporting Research and Technology Program.

42 CFR 415.110 - Conditions for payment: Medically directed anesthesia services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... anesthesia services. 415.110 Section 415.110 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES... directed anesthesia services. (a) General payment rule. Medicare pays for the physician's medical direction of anesthesia services for one service or two through four concurrent anesthesia services furnished...

42 CFR 415.110 - Conditions for payment: Medically directed anesthesia services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... anesthesia services. 415.110 Section 415.110 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES... directed anesthesia services. (a) General payment rule. Medicare pays for the physician's medical direction of anesthesia services for one service or two through four concurrent anesthesia services furnished...

78 FR 1739 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-09

... Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Helicopters AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for all Eurocopter France... Directorate General for Civil Aviation (DGAC France) AD F-2008-04, dated June 4, 2008, for the Eurocopter...

78 FR 21233 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-10

... Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Helicopters AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for Eurocopter France... (NPRM), which proposed to amend 14 CFR part 39 to include an AD that would apply to Eurocopter France...

49 CFR 389.39 - Direct final rulemaking procedures

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Direct final rulemaking procedures 389.39 Section 389.39 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL MOTOR CARRIER... PROCEDURES-FEDERAL MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY REGULATIONS Procedures for Adoption of Rules § 389.39 Direct final...

49 CFR 389.39 - Direct final rulemaking procedures

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Direct final rulemaking procedures 389.39 Section 389.39 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL MOTOR CARRIER... PROCEDURES-FEDERAL MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY REGULATIONS Procedures for Adoption of Rules § 389.39 Direct final...

42 CFR 415.110 - Conditions for payment: Medically directed anesthesia services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... anesthesia services. 415.110 Section 415.110 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES... payment: Medically directed anesthesia services. (a) General payment rule. Medicare pays for the physician's medical direction of anesthesia services for one service or two through four concurrent anesthesia...

42 CFR 415.110 - Conditions for payment: Medically directed anesthesia services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... anesthesia services. 415.110 Section 415.110 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES... payment: Medically directed anesthesia services. (a) General payment rule. Medicare pays for the physician's medical direction of anesthesia services for one service or two through four concurrent anesthesia...

42 CFR 415.110 - Conditions for payment: Medically directed anesthesia services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... anesthesia services. 415.110 Section 415.110 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES... payment: Medically directed anesthesia services. (a) General payment rule. Medicare pays for the physician's medical direction of anesthesia services for one service or two through four concurrent anesthesia...

Beam-Energy Dependence of Directed Flow of Λ , Λ ¯, K±, Ks0, and ϕ in Au +Au Collisions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adamczyk, L.; Adams, J. R.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Ajitanand, N. N.; Alekseev, I.; Anderson, D. M.; Aoyama, R.; Aparin, A.; Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Ashraf, M. U.; Attri, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bai, X.; Bairathi, V.; Barish, K.; Behera, A.; Bellwied, R.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bhattarai, P.; Bielcik, J.; Bielcikova, J.; Bland, L. C.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Bouchet, J.; Brandenburg, J. D.; Brandin, A. V.; Brown, D.; Bunzarov, I.; Butterworth, J.; Caines, H.; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M.; Campbell, J. M.; Cebra, D.; Chakaberia, I.; Chaloupka, P.; Chang, Z.; Chankova-Bunzarova, N.; Chatterjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chen, X.; Chen, J. H.; Chen, X.; Cheng, J.; Cherney, M.; Christie, W.; Contin, G.; Crawford, H. J.; Das, S.; De Silva, L. C.; Dedovich, T. G.; Deng, J.; Derevschikov, A. A.; Didenko, L.; Dilks, C.; Dong, X.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Draper, J. E.; Dunkelberger, L. E.; Dunlop, J. C.; Efimov, L. G.; Elsey, N.; Engelage, J.; Eppley, G.; Esha, R.; Esumi, S.; Evdokimov, O.; Ewigleben, J.; Eyser, O.; Fatemi, R.; Fazio, S.; Federic, P.; Federicova, P.; Fedorisin, J.; Feng, Z.; Filip, P.; Finch, E.; Fisyak, Y.; Flores, C. E.; Fujita, J.; Fulek, L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Garand, D.; Geurts, F.; Gibson, A.; Girard, M.; Grosnick, D.; Gunarathne, D. S.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, S.; Guryn, W.; Hamad, A. I.; Hamed, A.; Harlenderova, A.; Harris, J. W.; He, L.; Heppelmann, S.; Heppelmann, S.; Hirsch, A.; Horvat, S.; Huang, X.; Huang, B.; Huang, T.; Huang, H. Z.; Humanic, T. J.; Huo, P.; Igo, G.; Jacobs, W. W.; Jentsch, A.; Jia, J.; Jiang, K.; Jowzaee, S.; Judd, E. G.; Kabana, S.; Kalinkin, D.; Kang, K.; Kapukchyan, D.; Kauder, K.; Ke, H. W.; Keane, D.; Kechechyan, A.; Khan, Z.; Kikoła, D. P.; Kim, C.; Kisel, I.; Kisiel, A.; Kochenda, L.; Kocmanek, M.; Kollegger, T.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Kraishan, A. F.; Krauth, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Krueger, K.; Kulathunga, N.; Kumar, L.; Kvapil, J.; Kwasizur, J. H.; Lacey, R.; Landgraf, J. M.; Landry, K. D.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lednicky, R.; Lee, J. H.; Li, C.; Li, X.; Li, Y.; Li, W.; Lidrych, J.; Lin, T.; Lisa, M. A.; Liu, P.; Liu, H.; Liu, Y.; Liu, F.; Ljubicic, T.; Llope, W. J.; Lomnitz, M.; Longacre, R. S.; Luo, S.; Luo, X.; Ma, Y. G.; Ma, L.; Ma, R.; Ma, G. L.; Magdy, N.; Majka, R.; Mallick, D.; Margetis, S.; Markert, C.; Matis, H. S.; Meehan, K.; Mei, J. C.; Miller, Z. W.; Minaev, N. G.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mishra, D.; Mizuno, S.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Morozov, D. A.; Mustafa, M. K.; Nasim, Md.; Nayak, T. K.; Nelson, J. M.; Nie, M.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Niida, T.; Nogach, L. V.; Nonaka, T.; Nurushev, S. B.; Odyniec, G.; Ogawa, A.; Oh, K.; Okorokov, V. A.; Olvitt, D.; Page, B. S.; Pak, R.; Pandit, Y.; Panebratsev, Y.; Pawlik, B.; Pei, H.; Perkins, C.; Pile, P.; Pluta, J.; Poniatowska, K.; Porter, J.; Posik, M.; Pruthi, N. K.; Przybycien, M.; Putschke, J.; Qiu, H.; Quintero, A.; Ramachandran, S.; Ray, R. L.; Reed, R.; Rehbein, M. J.; Ritter, H. G.; Roberts, J. B.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Romero, J. L.; Roth, J. D.; Ruan, L.; Rusnak, J.; Rusnakova, O.; Sahoo, N. R.; Sahu, P. K.; Salur, S.; Sandweiss, J.; Saur, M.; Schambach, J.; Schmah, A. M.; Schmidke, W. B.; Schmitz, N.; Schweid, B. R.; Seger, J.; Sergeeva, M.; Seto, R.; Seyboth, P.; Shah, N.; Shahaliev, E.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.; Shao, M.; Sharma, A.; Sharma, M. K.; Shen, W. Q.; Shi, S. S.; Shi, Z.; Shou, Q. Y.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sikora, R.; Simko, M.; Singha, S.; Skoby, M. J.; Smirnov, N.; Smirnov, D.; Solyst, W.; Song, L.; Sorensen, P.; Spinka, H. M.; Srivastava, B.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Strikhanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Suaide, A. A. P.; Sugiura, T.; Sumbera, M.; Summa, B.; Sun, Y.; Sun, X. M.; Sun, X.; Surrow, B.; Svirida, D. N.; Tang, Z.; Tang, A. H.; Taranenko, A.; Tarnowsky, T.; Tawfik, A.; Thäder, J.; Thomas, J. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Tlusty, D.; Todoroki, T.; Tokarev, M.; Trentalange, S.; Tribble, R. E.; Tribedy, P.; Tripathy, S. K.; Trzeciak, B. A.; Tsai, O. D.; Ullrich, T.; Underwood, D. G.; Upsal, I.; Van Buren, G.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Vasiliev, A. N.; Videbæk, F.; Vokal, S.; Voloshin, S. A.; Vossen, A.; Wang, G.; Wang, Y.; Wang, F.; Wang, Y.; Webb, J. C.; Webb, G.; Wen, L.; Westfall, G. D.; Wieman, H.; Wissink, S. W.; Witt, R.; Wu, Y.; Xiao, Z. G.; Xie, G.; Xie, W.; Xu, J.; Xu, Z.; Xu, Q. H.; Xu, Y. F.; Xu, N.; Yang, S.; Yang, Y.; Yang, C.; Yang, Q.; Ye, Z.; Ye, Z.; Yi, L.; Yip, K.; Yoo, I.-K.; Yu, N.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhou, C.; Zhou, L.; Zhu, X.; Zhu, Z.; Zyzak, M.; STAR Collaboration

2018-02-01

Rapidity-odd directed-flow measurements at midrapidity are presented for Λ , Λ ¯, K±, Ks0, and ϕ at √{sN N }=7.7 , 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV in Au +Au collisions recorded by the Solenoidal Tracker detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. These measurements greatly expand the scope of data available to constrain models with differing prescriptions for the equation of state of quantum chromodynamics. Results show good sensitivity for testing a picture where flow is assumed to be imposed before hadron formation and the observed particles are assumed to form via coalescence of constituent quarks. The pattern of departure from a coalescence-inspired sum rule can be a valuable new tool for probing the collision dynamics.

Robust constraints and novel gamma-ray signatures of dark matter that interacts strongly with nucleons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hooper, Dan; McDermott, Samuel D.

2018-06-01

Due to shielding, direct detection experiments are in some cases insensitive to dark matter candidates with very large scattering cross sections with nucleons. In this paper, we revisit this class of models and derive a simple analytic criterion for conservative but robust direct detection limits. While large spin-independent cross sections seem to be ruled out, we identify potentially viable parameter space for dark matter with a spin-dependent cross section with nucleons in the range of 10-27 cm2≲σDM -p≲10-24 cm2 . With these parameters, cosmic-ray scattering with dark matter in the extended halo of the Milky Way could generate a novel and distinctive gamma-ray signal at high galactic latitudes. Such a signal could be observable by Fermi or future space-based gamma-ray telescopes.

Learning Parsimonious Classification Rules from Gene Expression Data Using Bayesian Networks with Local Structure.

PubMed

Lustgarten, Jonathan Lyle; Balasubramanian, Jeya Balaji; Visweswaran, Shyam; Gopalakrishnan, Vanathi

2017-03-01

The comprehensibility of good predictive models learned from high-dimensional gene expression data is attractive because it can lead to biomarker discovery. Several good classifiers provide comparable predictive performance but differ in their abilities to summarize the observed data. We extend a Bayesian Rule Learning (BRL-GSS) algorithm, previously shown to be a significantly better predictor than other classical approaches in this domain. It searches a space of Bayesian networks using a decision tree representation of its parameters with global constraints, and infers a set of IF-THEN rules. The number of parameters and therefore the number of rules are combinatorial to the number of predictor variables in the model. We relax these global constraints to a more generalizable local structure (BRL-LSS). BRL-LSS entails more parsimonious set of rules because it does not have to generate all combinatorial rules. The search space of local structures is much richer than the space of global structures. We design the BRL-LSS with the same worst-case time-complexity as BRL-GSS while exploring a richer and more complex model space. We measure predictive performance using Area Under the ROC curve (AUC) and Accuracy. We measure model parsimony performance by noting the average number of rules and variables needed to describe the observed data. We evaluate the predictive and parsimony performance of BRL-GSS, BRL-LSS and the state-of-the-art C4.5 decision tree algorithm, across 10-fold cross-validation using ten microarray gene-expression diagnostic datasets. In these experiments, we observe that BRL-LSS is similar to BRL-GSS in terms of predictive performance, while generating a much more parsimonious set of rules to explain the same observed data. BRL-LSS also needs fewer variables than C4.5 to explain the data with similar predictive performance. We also conduct a feasibility study to demonstrate the general applicability of our BRL methods on the newer RNA sequencing gene-expression data.

Accuracy of the Canadian C-spine rule and NEXUS to screen for clinically important cervical spine injury in patients following blunt trauma: a systematic review

PubMed Central

Michaleff, Zoe A.; Maher, Chris G.; Verhagen, Arianne P.; Rebbeck, Trudy; Lin, Chung-Wei Christine

2012-01-01

Background: There is uncertainty about the optimal approach to screen for clinically important cervical spine (C-spine) injury following blunt trauma. We conducted a systematic review to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the Canadian C-spine rule and the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) criteria, 2 rules that are available to assist emergency physicians to assess the need for cervical spine imaging. Methods: We identified studies by an electronic search of CINAHL, Embase and MEDLINE. We included articles that reported on a cohort of patients who experienced blunt trauma and for whom clinically important cervical spine injury detectable by diagnostic imaging was the differential diagnosis; evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the Canadian C-spine rule or NEXUS or both; and used an adequate reference standard. We assessed the methodologic quality using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies criteria. We used the extracted data to calculate sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios and post-test probabilities. Results: We included 15 studies of modest methodologic quality. For the Canadian C-spine rule, sensitivity ranged from 0.90 to 1.00 and specificity ranged from 0.01 to 0.77. For NEXUS, sensitivity ranged from 0.83 to 1.00 and specificity ranged from 0.02 to 0.46. One study directly compared the accuracy of these 2 rules using the same cohort and found that the Canadian C-spine rule had better accuracy. For both rules, a negative test was more informative for reducing the probability of a clinically important cervical spine injury. Interpretation: Based on studies with modest methodologic quality and only one direct comparison, we found that the Canadian C-spine rule appears to have better diagnostic accuracy than the NEXUS criteria. Future studies need to follow rigorous methodologic procedures to ensure that the findings are as free of bias as possible. PMID:23048086

76 FR 34020 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Pennsylvania; Revisions to...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-10

... Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP). This change to Allegheny County's Air Pollution Control Rules... Rules section of this Federal Register, EPA is approving the State's SIP submittal as a direct final.... http://www.regulations.gov . Follow the online instructions for submitting comments. B. E-mail: cox...

75 FR 14070 - Redelegation of Authority of Assistant Attorney General, Civil Division, to Branch Directors...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-24

... Attorney General, Civil Division, to Branch Directors, Heads of Offices and United States Attorneys in Civil Division Cases AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Attorney General, Civil Division, Department of Justice. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This final rule amends Civil Directive 14-95, published in the...

76 FR 54384 - California State Implementation Plan, South Coast Air Quality Management District; Withdrawal of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 52 [EPA-R09-OAR-2011-0537; FRL-9457-6] California State Implementation Plan, South Coast Air Quality Management District; Withdrawal of Direct Final Rule... Implementation Plan (SIP). This revision concerned South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 1143...

Ruling by California Judge Casts a Cloud over All University Agricultural Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

London, Herbert

1988-01-01

A court ruling that the University of California must ensure that all federal Hatch Act agricultural research funds go to projects benefiting primarily small family farms is seen as promoting special-interest politics, selective interpretation of federal legislation, and a romanticized view of farmers and may unduly influence research directions.…

75 FR 27188 - Revising the Notification Requirements in the Exposure Determination Provisions of the Hexavalent...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-14

... Health Administration (OSHA); Department of Labor. ACTION: Final rule; confirmation of effective date. SUMMARY: OSHA is confirming the effective date of its direct final rule (DFR) revising the employee...(VI)). In the March 17, 2010, DFR document, OSHA stated that the DFR would become effective on June 15...

Instructional Material for Forestry Judging. Revised 1984. Bulletin 1697.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Louisiana State Dept. of Education, Baton Rouge. Div. of Vocational Education.

This document serves as a study guide for Louisiana's Future Farmers of America (FFA) is preparing for area and state forestry contests. General contest rules and competition section sub-rules are provided for the participants. Information and directives are outlined on specific topics. They include: (1) tree identification (with an index of…

76 FR 56982 - Announcement of Federal Underground Injection Control (UIC) Class VI Program for Carbon Dioxide (CO2

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-15

... and Administration priorities for developing and deploying CCS projects in the next few years as... VI rule finalized on December 10, 2010. Direct Federal implementation of the final Class VI... on the final Class VI rule, visit the Underground Injection Control Geologic Sequestration Web site...

78 FR 8222 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Regulation Project

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-05

... Minimum Tax--Tax Benefit Rule. DATES: Written comments should be received on or before April 8, 2013 to be assured of consideration. ADDRESSES: Direct all written comments to Yvette Lawrence, Internal Revenue... Tax--Tax Benefit Rule. OMB Number: 1545-1093. Regulation Project Number: IA-56-87 and IA- 53-87 (TD...

77 FR 31727 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Illinois; Small Container...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-30

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 52 [EPA-R05-OAR-2012-0073; FRL 9677-3] Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Illinois; Small Container Exemption From VOC Coating Rules...), direct final rule approving a revision to the Illinois SIP that added a ``small container exemption'' for...

78 FR 54173 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Indiana; Maintenance Plan Update...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-03

... direct final rule in the Federal Register informing the public that the rule will not take effect... maintenance period, a commitment to maintain the existing monitoring network, factors and procedures to be... Network Indiana currently operates two SO 2 monitors in Lake County, Indiana. Indiana has committed to...

31 CFR Appendix A to Part 357 - Discussion of Final Rule

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... as used in TRADES have been adopted. Section-By-Section Analysis Section 357.21Registration. The... final rules have adopted some of the existing practices applicable to commercial ACH payments, but it is... entities that are a part of the Government direct deposit network. See the discussion under paragraph (b)(2...

31 CFR Appendix A to Part 357 - Discussion of Final Rule

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... as used in TRADES have been adopted. Section-By-Section Analysis Section 357.21Registration. The... final rules have adopted some of the existing practices applicable to commercial ACH payments, but it is... entities that are a part of the Government direct deposit network. See the discussion under paragraph (b)(2...

31 CFR Appendix A to Part 357 - Discussion of Final Rule

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... as used in TRADES have been adopted. Section-By-Section Analysis Section 357.21Registration. The... final rules have adopted some of the existing practices applicable to commercial ACH payments, but it is... entities that are a part of the Government direct deposit network. See the discussion under paragraph (b)(2...

31 CFR Appendix A to Part 357 - Discussion of Final Rule

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... as used in TRADES have been adopted. Section-By-Section Analysis Section 357.21Registration. The... final rules have adopted some of the existing practices applicable to commercial ACH payments, but it is... entities that are a part of the Government direct deposit network. See the discussion under paragraph (b)(2...

75 FR 43584 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; EDGX Exchange, Inc; Order Approving a Proposed Rule Change...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-26

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-62515; File No. SR-EDGX-2010-02] Self-Regulatory Organizations; EDGX Exchange, Inc; Order Approving a Proposed Rule Change Relating to Direct Edge... DE Holdings, and DE Holdings will be the sole stockholder of DEI. The self-regulatory functions of...

75 FR 43582 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; EDGA Exchange, Inc.; Order Approving a Proposed Rule Change...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-26

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-62514; File No. SR-EDGA-2010-02] Self-Regulatory Organizations; EDGA Exchange, Inc.; Order Approving a Proposed Rule Change Relating to Direct Edge... Holdings will be the sole stockholder of DEI. The self-regulatory functions of the Exchange will remain...

47 CFR 76.1004 - Applicability of program access rules to common carriers and affiliates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Cable Programming § 76.1004 Applicability of program access rules to common carriers and affiliates. (a... common carrier or its affiliate that provides video programming by any means directly to subscribers. Any such provision that applies to a satellite cable programming vendor in which a cable operator has an...

47 CFR 76.1004 - Applicability of program access rules to common carriers and affiliates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Cable Programming § 76.1004 Applicability of program access rules to common carriers and affiliates. (a... common carrier or its affiliate that provides video programming by any means directly to subscribers. Any such provision that applies to a satellite cable programming vendor in which a cable operator has an...

47 CFR 76.1004 - Applicability of program access rules to common carriers and affiliates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Cable Programming § 76.1004 Applicability of program access rules to common carriers and affiliates. (a... common carrier or its affiliate that provides video programming by any means directly to subscribers. Any such provision that applies to a satellite cable programming vendor in which a cable operator has an...

77 FR 35273 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; New Mexico; Minor New Source Review (NSR...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-13

... Permitting Rule for Cotton Gins AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Direct final rule... particulate matter emissions from cotton ginning facilities. The submitted Cotton Gin regulation provides an alternative preconstruction process for cotton ginning facilities that will emit no more than 50 tons per year...

Optimal Test Design with Rule-Based Item Generation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Geerlings, Hanneke; van der Linden, Wim J.; Glas, Cees A. W.

2013-01-01

Optimal test-design methods are applied to rule-based item generation. Three different cases of automated test design are presented: (a) test assembly from a pool of pregenerated, calibrated items; (b) test generation on the fly from a pool of calibrated item families; and (c) test generation on the fly directly from calibrated features defining…

75 FR 10413 - New Animal Drug Applications; Confirmation of Effective Date

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-08

.... FDA-2009-N-0436] New Animal Drug Applications; Confirmation of Effective Date AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION: Direct final rule; confirmation of effective date. SUMMARY: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is confirming the effective date of March 8, 2010, for the final rule that appeared in the...

76 FR 74649 - Harmonization of Various Airworthiness Standards for Transport Category Airplanes-Flight Rules

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-01

...-directional stability, speed increase and recovery characteristics, and the stall warning margin for the... which the onset of natural or artificial stall warning occurs. VSR reference stall speed. VSR1 reference.... Lastly, this rule adds a requirement that the non-icing stall warning requirements prescribing the speed...

The Utility of Implicit Learning in the Teaching of Rules

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saetrevik, Bjorn; Reber, Rolf; Sannum, Petter

2006-01-01

The potential impact of implicit learning on education has been repeatedly stressed, though little research has examined this connection directly. The current paper describes two experiments that, inspired by artificial grammar learning experiments, examine the utility of implicit learning as a method for teaching atomic bonding rules to 11-12…

47 CFR 76.1004 - Applicability of program access rules to common carriers and affiliates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Cable Programming § 76.1004 Applicability of program access rules to common carriers and affiliates. (a... common carrier or its affiliate that provides video programming by any means directly to subscribers. Any such provision that applies to a satellite cable programming vendor in which a cable operator has an...

Parental Alcohol-Specific Rules and Alcohol Use from Early Adolescence to Young Adulthood

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mares, Suzanne H. W.; Lichtwarck-Aschoff, Anna; Burk, William J.; van der Vorst, Haske; Engels, Rutger C. M. E.

2012-01-01

Background: Several studies stress the importance of alcohol-specific rules during adolescence to prevent them from drinking early and heavily. However, most studies have short follow-up periods and do not cover the relevant developmental period in which direct parental control diminishes and adolescent alcohol use increases. The current study…

47 CFR 76.1004 - Applicability of program access rules to common carriers and affiliates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Cable Programming § 76.1004 Applicability of program access rules to common carriers and affiliates. (a... common carrier or its affiliate that provides video programming by any means directly to subscribers. Any such provision that applies to a satellite cable programming vendor in which a cable operator has an...

12 CFR 308.4 - Authority of Board of Directors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Authority of Board of Directors. 308.4 Section 308.4 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION PROCEDURE AND RULES OF PRACTICE RULES OF... Board of Directors may, at any time during the pendency of a proceeding, perform, direct the performance...

Alcohol-specific parenting, adolescents' self-control, and alcohol use: a moderated mediation model.

PubMed

Koning, Ina M; van den Eijnden, Regina J J M; Vollebergh, Wilma A M

2014-01-01

There is convincing evidence that parental rules about alcohol are important in curbing adolescents' alcohol use. However, little is known about the mechanisms through which the direct link between alcohol-specific parenting and alcohol use is obtained. In this study, we investigated the mediating effect of adolescent self-control on the relationship between alcohol-specific rules and adolescents' drinking behavior and whether this mediation effect depends on the level of quality of communication. A total of 883 adolescents participated in this longitudinal study at ages 13, 14, and 15 years. Strict rules predicted lower rates of drinking, but no direct effect of the quality of communication on adolescents' alcohol use was found. A higher level of self-control was related to lower rates of drinking in adolescents. The indirect effect of rules about alcohol through adolescents' self-control was statistically significant, yet only in adolescents with high qualitative parent-child communication about alcohol. In adolescents with low quality of parent-child communication, self-control was not related to drinking. These findings imply that strict rule setting in combination with qualitative parent-child communication is an important target for prevention. In addition, findings point at the importance of high qualitative parent-child communication for adolescents' motivation to engage in self-control to avoid drinking.

Ultrafast dynamics of exciton fission in polycrystalline pentacene.

PubMed

Wilson, Mark W B; Rao, Akshay; Clark, Jenny; Kumar, R Sai Santosh; Brida, Daniele; Cerullo, Giulio; Friend, Richard H

2011-08-10

We use ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy with sub-20 fs time resolution and broad spectral coverage to directly probe the process of exciton fission in polycrystalline thin films of pentacene. We observe that the overwhelming majority of initially photogenerated singlet excitons evolve into triplet excitons on an ∼80 fs time scale independent of the excitation wavelength. This implies that exciton fission occurs at a rate comparable to phonon-mediated exciton localization processes and may proceed directly from the initial, delocalized, state. The singlet population is identified due to the brief presence of stimulated emission, which is emitted at wavelengths which vary with the photon energy of the excitation pulse, a violation of Kasha's Rule that confirms that the lowest-lying singlet state is extremely short-lived. This direct demonstration that triplet generation is both rapid and efficient establishes multiple exciton generation by exciton fission as an attractive route to increased efficiency in organic solar cells. © 2011 American Chemical Society

15 CFR 806.17 - Rules and regulations for BE-12, 2007 Benchmark Survey of Foreign Direct Investment in the United...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Benchmark Survey of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States. 806.17 Section 806.17 Commerce and... Survey of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States. A BE-12, Benchmark Survey of Foreign Direct... of the BE-12, 2007 Benchmark Survey of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States, contained in...

Profitability of simple stationary technical trading rules with high-frequency data of Chinese Index Futures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Jing-Chao; Zhou, Yu; Wang, Xi

2018-02-01

Technical trading rules have been widely used by practitioners in financial markets for a long time. The profitability remains controversial and few consider the stationarity of technical indicators used in trading rules. We convert MA, KDJ and Bollinger bands into stationary processes and investigate the profitability of these trading rules by using 3 high-frequency data(15s,30s and 60s) of CSI300 Stock Index Futures from January 4th 2012 to December 31st 2016. Several performance and risk measures are adopted to assess the practical value of all trading rules directly while ADF-test is used to verify the stationarity and SPA test to check whether trading rules perform well due to intrinsic superiority or pure luck. The results show that there are several significant combinations of parameters for each indicator when transaction costs are not taken into consideration. Once transaction costs are included, trading profits will be eliminated completely. We also propose a method to reduce the risk of technical trading rules.

Asbestos worker protection. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Final rule.

PubMed

2000-11-15

In this Final Rule, EPA is amending both the Asbestos Worker Protection Rule (WPR) and the Asbestos-in-Schools Rule. The WPR amendment protects State and local government employees from the health risks of exposure to asbestos to the same extent as private sector workers by adopting for these employees the Asbestos Standards of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The WPR's coverage is extended to State and local government employees who are performing construction work, custodial work, and automotive brake and clutch repair work. This final rule cross-references the OSHA Asbestos Standards for Construction and for General Industry, so that future amendments to these OSHA standards are directly and equally effective for employees covered by the WPR. EPA also amends the Asbestos-in-Schools Rule to provide coverage under the WPR for employees of public local education agencies who perform operations, maintenance, and repair activities. EPA is issuing this final rule under section 6 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).

32 CFR 552.62 - Advertising rules and educational programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2012-07-01 2009-07-01 true Advertising rules and educational programs. 552... Reservations § 552.62 Advertising rules and educational programs. (a) The Department of the Army expects that... military publication will request the advertiser to observe them. The advertising of credit will conform to...

77 FR 12078 - Meeting of the Judicial Conference Advisory Committee on Rules of Appellate Procedure

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-28

... Rules of Appellate Procedure. ACTION: Notice of open meeting. SUMMARY: The Advisory Committee on Rules of Appellate Procedure will hold a two-day meeting. The meeting will be open to public observation...-12; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 2210-55-P ...

76 FR 45741 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Pennsylvania; Diesel-Powered Motor...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-01

...EPA proposes to approve the State Implementation Plan (SIP) revision submitted by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for the purpose of incorporating the Commonwealth's Diesel-Powered Motor Vehicle Idling Act (Act 124 of 2008, or simply Act 124) into the Pennsylvania SIP. Act 124, passed by the Pennsylvania General Assembly and signed into state law by Governor Rendell in October 2008 (and effective at the state level in February 2009), reduces the allowable time that heavy-duty, commercial highway diesel vehicles of over 10,000 pounds gross vehicle weight can idle their main propulsion engines. The law restricts idling of these commercial diesel vehicles (mostly heavy trucks and buses) to a period of 5 minutes per continuous 60 minute period (with certain allowable exemptions and exclusions). Act 124 applies statewide in the Commonwealth, and is estimated by Pennsylvania to significantly reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOX), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and fine particulate matter (PM). While idle time emissions limits are not mandatory under the Clean Air Act (CAA), incorporation of Act 124 into the SIP does strengthen the SIP, makes the state law federally enforceable by EPA, and allows the Commonwealth to take credit for emissions benefits from the rule as part of future Pennsylvania SIP revisions to demonstrate compliance with CAA National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). This action is being taken under the CAA. In the Final Rules section of this Federal Register, EPA is approving the Commonwealth's SIP submittal as a direct final rule without prior proposal because EPA views this as a noncontroversial submittal and anticipates no adverse comments. A detailed rationale for the approval is set forth in the direct final rule. If no adverse comments are received in response to this action, no further activity is contemplated. If EPA receives adverse comments, the direct final rule will be withdrawn and all public comments received will be addressed in a subsequent final rule based on this proposed rule. EPA will not institute a second comment period. Any parties interested in commenting on this action should do so at this time.

18 CFR 381.107 - Direct billing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Direct billing. 381.107 Section 381.107 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY REVISED GENERAL RULES FEES General Provisions § 381.107 Direct billing. (a) Applicability...

10 CFR 824.16 - Direction to NNSA contractors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Direction to NNSA contractors. 824.16 Section 824.16 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PROCEDURAL RULES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF CIVIL PENALTIES FOR CLASSIFIED... the following actions that direct NNSA contractors or subcontractors. (1) Subpoenas; (2) Orders to...

78 FR 17071 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-20

... Directives; Airbus Airplanes AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Department of Transportation (DOT). ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for certain Airbus Model A330-200, -300, and -200 Freighter series airplanes; and all Airbus Model A340-200 and -300 series...

77 FR 9837 - Airworthiness Directives; Lycoming Engines Reciprocating Engines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-21

... Directives; Lycoming Engines Reciprocating Engines AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for certain Lycoming Engines reciprocating engines. This AD was prompted by a report of a ``machined-from-billet'' HA-6 carburetor having a...

77 FR 56755 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-14

... Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Helicopters AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for Eurocopter France... proposed to amend 14 CFR part 39 to include an AD that would apply to Eurocopter France Model SA341G...

Knowledge-guided mutation in classification rules for autism treatment efficacy.

PubMed

Engle, Kelley; Rada, Roy

2017-03-01

Data mining methods in biomedical research might benefit by combining genetic algorithms with domain-specific knowledge. The objective of this research is to show how the evolution of treatment rules for autism might be guided. The semantic distance between two concepts in the taxonomy is measured by the number of relationships separating the concepts in the taxonomy. The hypothesis is that replacing a concept in a treatment rule will change the accuracy of the rule in direct proportion to the semantic distance between the concepts. The method uses a patient database and autism taxonomies. Treatment rules are developed with an algorithm that exploits the taxonomies. The results support the hypothesis. This research should both advance the understanding of autism data mining in particular and of knowledge-guided evolutionary search in biomedicine in general.

Developmental changes in automatic rule-learning mechanisms across early childhood.

PubMed

Mueller, Jutta L; Friederici, Angela D; Männel, Claudia

2018-06-27

Infants' ability to learn complex linguistic regularities from early on has been revealed by electrophysiological studies indicating that 3-month-olds, but not adults, can automatically detect non-adjacent dependencies between syllables. While different ERP responses in adults and infants suggest that both linguistic rule learning and its link to basic auditory processing undergo developmental changes, systematic investigations of the developmental trajectories are scarce. In the present study, we assessed 2- and 4-year-olds' ERP indicators of pitch discrimination and linguistic rule learning in a syllable-based oddball design. To test for the relation between auditory discrimination and rule learning, ERP responses to pitch changes were used as predictor for potential linguistic rule-learning effects. Results revealed that 2-year-olds, but not 4-year-olds, showed ERP markers of rule learning. Although, 2-year-olds' rule learning was not dependent on differences in pitch perception, 4-year-old children demonstrated a dependency, such that those children who showed more pronounced responses to pitch changes still showed an effect of rule learning. These results narrow down the developmental decline of the ability for automatic linguistic rule learning to the age between 2 and 4 years, and, moreover, point towards a strong modification of this change by auditory processes. At an age when the ability of automatic linguistic rule learning phases out, rule learning can still be observed in children with enhanced auditory responses. The observed interrelations are plausible causes for age-of-acquisition effects and inter-individual differences in language learning. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

A Simple Derivation of Chemically Important Classical Observables and Superselection Rules.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Muller-Herold, U.

1985-01-01

Explores the question "Why are so many stationary states allowed by traditional quantum mechanics not realized in nature?" through discussion of classical observables and superselection rules. Three examples are given that can be used in introductory courses (including the fermion/boson property and the mass of a "nonrelativistic" particle). (JN)

2013 Cellulosic Biofuel Standard: Direct Final Rule

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The direct final action is to revise the 2013 cellulosic biofuel standard. This action follows from EPA having granted API's and AFPM's petitions for reconsideration of the 2013 cellulosic biofuel standard published on August 15, 2013.

Automated Job Controller for Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Production Processing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gleason, J. L.; Hillyer, T. N.

2011-12-01

Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) is one of NASA's highest priority Earth Observing System (EOS) scientific instruments. The CERES science team will integrate data from the CERES Flight Model 5 (FM5) on the NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) in addition to the four CERES scanning instrument on Terra and Aqua. The CERES production system consists of over 75 Product Generation Executives (PGEs) maintained by twelve subsystem groups. The processing chain fuses CERES instrument observations with data from 19 other unique sources. The addition of FM5 to over 22 instrument years of data to be reprocessed from flight models 1-4 creates a need for an optimized production processing approach. This poster discusses a new approach, using JBoss and Perl to manage job scheduling and interdependencies between PGEs and external data sources. The new optimized approach uses JBoss to serve handler servlets which regulate PGE-level job interdependencies and job completion notifications. Additional servlets are used to regulate all job submissions from the handlers and to interact with the operator. Perl submission scripts are used to build Process Control Files and to interact directly with the operating system and cluster scheduler. The result is a reduced burden on the operator by algorithmically enforcing a set of rules that determine the optimal time to produce data products with the highest integrity. These rules are designed on a per PGE basis and periodically change. This design provides the means to dynamically update PGE rules at run time and increases the processing throughput by using an event driven controller. The immediate notification of a PGE's completion (an event) allows successor PGEs to launch at the proper time with minimal start up latency, thereby increasing computer system utilization.

Different propagation speeds of recalled sequences in plastic spiking neural networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Xuhui; Zheng, Zhigang; Hu, Gang; Wu, Si; Rasch, Malte J.

2015-03-01

Neural networks can generate spatiotemporal patterns of spike activity. Sequential activity learning and retrieval have been observed in many brain areas, and e.g. is crucial for coding of episodic memory in the hippocampus or generating temporal patterns during song production in birds. In a recent study, a sequential activity pattern was directly entrained onto the neural activity of the primary visual cortex (V1) of rats and subsequently successfully recalled by a local and transient trigger. It was observed that the speed of activity propagation in coordinates of the retinotopically organized neural tissue was constant during retrieval regardless how the speed of light stimulation sweeping across the visual field during training was varied. It is well known that spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) is a potential mechanism for embedding temporal sequences into neural network activity. How training and retrieval speeds relate to each other and how network and learning parameters influence retrieval speeds, however, is not well described. We here theoretically analyze sequential activity learning and retrieval in a recurrent neural network with realistic synaptic short-term dynamics and STDP. Testing multiple STDP rules, we confirm that sequence learning can be achieved by STDP. However, we found that a multiplicative nearest-neighbor (NN) weight update rule generated weight distributions and recall activities that best matched the experiments in V1. Using network simulations and mean-field analysis, we further investigated the learning mechanisms and the influence of network parameters on recall speeds. Our analysis suggests that a multiplicative STDP rule with dominant NN spike interaction might be implemented in V1 since recall speed was almost constant in an NMDA-dominant regime. Interestingly, in an AMPA-dominant regime, neural circuits might exhibit recall speeds that instead follow the change in stimulus speeds. This prediction could be tested in experiments.

A comparative study on the forming limit diagram prediction between Marciniak-Kuczynski model and modified maximum force criterion by using the evolving non-associated Hill48 plasticity model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shen, Fuhui; Lian, Junhe; Münstermann, Sebastian

2018-05-01

Experimental and numerical investigations on the forming limit diagram (FLD) of a ferritic stainless steel were performed in this study. The FLD of this material was obtained by Nakajima tests. Both the Marciniak-Kuczynski (MK) model and the modified maximum force criterion (MMFC) were used for the theoretical prediction of the FLD. From the results of uniaxial tensile tests along different loading directions with respect to the rolling direction, strong anisotropic plastic behaviour was observed in the investigated steel. A recently proposed anisotropic evolving non-associated Hill48 (enHill48) plasticity model, which was developed from the conventional Hill48 model based on the non-associated flow rule with evolving anisotropic parameters, was adopted to describe the anisotropic hardening behaviour of the investigated material. In the previous study, the model was coupled with the MMFC for FLD prediction. In the current study, the enHill48 was further coupled with the MK model. By comparing the predicted forming limit curves with the experimental results, the influences of anisotropy in terms of flow rule and evolving features on the forming limit prediction were revealed and analysed. In addition, the forming limit predictive performances of the MK and the MMFC models in conjunction with the enHill48 plasticity model were compared and evaluated.

Smooth criminal: convicted rule-breakers show reduced cognitive conflict during deliberate rule violations.

PubMed

Jusyte, Aiste; Pfister, Roland; Mayer, Sarah V; Schwarz, Katharina A; Wirth, Robert; Kunde, Wilfried; Schönenberg, Michael

2017-09-01

Classic findings on conformity and obedience document a strong and automatic drive of human agents to follow any type of rule or social norm. At the same time, most individuals tend to violate rules on occasion, and such deliberate rule violations have recently been shown to yield cognitive conflict for the rule-breaker. These findings indicate persistent difficulty to suppress the rule representation, even though rule violations were studied in a controlled experimental setting with neither gains nor possible sanctions for violators. In the current study, we validate these findings by showing that convicted criminals, i.e., individuals with a history of habitual and severe forms of rule violations, can free themselves from such cognitive conflict in a similarly controlled laboratory task. These findings support an emerging view that aims at understanding rule violations from the perspective of the violating agent rather than from the perspective of outside observer.

75 FR 76630 - Direct Investment Surveys: BE-577, Quarterly Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad-Direct...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-09

... between U.S.-owned foreign business enterprises and their U.S. parents. Through this rule, BEA will modify... other investment, for which statistics are collected by the Treasury Department through the Treasury... statistics for income and direct investment position--will drop out of the sample and will be estimated based...

Role of Utility and Inference in the Evolution of Functional Information

PubMed Central

Sharov, Alexei A.

2009-01-01

Functional information means an encoded network of functions in living organisms from molecular signaling pathways to an organism’s behavior. It is represented by two components: code and an interpretation system, which together form a self-sustaining semantic closure. Semantic closure allows some freedom between components because small variations of the code are still interpretable. The interpretation system consists of inference rules that control the correspondence between the code and the function (phenotype) and determines the shape of the fitness landscape. The utility factor operates at multiple time scales: short-term selection drives evolution towards higher survival and reproduction rate within a given fitness landscape, and long-term selection favors those fitness landscapes that support adaptability and lead to evolutionary expansion of certain lineages. Inference rules make short-term selection possible by shaping the fitness landscape and defining possible directions of evolution, but they are under control of the long-term selection of lineages. Communication normally occurs within a set of agents with compatible interpretation systems, which I call communication system. Functional information cannot be directly transferred between communication systems with incompatible inference rules. Each biological species is a genetic communication system that carries unique functional information together with inference rules that determine evolutionary directions and constraints. This view of the relation between utility and inference can resolve the conflict between realism/positivism and pragmatism. Realism overemphasizes the role of inference in evolution of human knowledge because it assumes that logic is embedded in reality. Pragmatism substitutes usefulness for truth and therefore ignores the advantage of inference. The proposed concept of evolutionary pragmatism rejects the idea that logic is embedded in reality; instead, inference rules are constructed within each communication system to represent reality and they evolve towards higher adaptability on a long time scale. PMID:20160960

78 FR 34550 - Airworthiness Directives; Rolls-Royce plc Turbojet Engines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-10

... Airworthiness Directives; Rolls-Royce plc Turbojet Engines AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for all Rolls-Royce plc..., contact Defence Aerospace Communications at Rolls-Royce plc, P.O. Box 3, Gypsy Patch Lane, Filton, Bristol...

78 FR 32345 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-30

... Directives; Airbus Airplanes AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Department of Transportation (DOT). ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for all Airbus Model A300... FedEx requested that copies of Airbus Service Bulletin A300-53- 6170, dated May 16, 2011, be provided...

75 FR 59933 - Specifications and Drawings for Construction of Direct Buried Plant

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-29

... for Construction of Direct Buried Plant AGENCY: Rural Utilities Service, USDA. ACTION: Final rule..., Specifications and Drawings for Construction of Direct Buried Plant (Form 515a). The revised specifications will include new construction units for Fiber-to-the-Home, remove redundant or outdated requirements, and...

37 CFR 351.4 - Written direct statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Written direct statements... COPYRIGHT ROYALTY JUDGES RULES AND PROCEDURES PROCEEDINGS § 351.4 Written direct statements. (a) Required filing; deadline. All parties who have filed a petition to participate in the hearing must file a written...

77 FR 50582 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-22

... Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Helicopters AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for Eurocopter France... 39 to include an AD that would apply to Eurocopter France Model EC155B and EC155B1 helicopters with a...

INDEXABILITY AND OPTIMAL INDEX POLICIES FOR A CLASS OF REINITIALISING RESTLESS BANDITS.

PubMed

Villar, Sofía S

2016-01-01

Motivated by a class of Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes with application in surveillance systems in which a set of imperfectly observed state processes is to be inferred from a subset of available observations through a Bayesian approach, we formulate and analyze a special family of multi-armed restless bandit problems. We consider the problem of finding an optimal policy for observing the processes that maximizes the total expected net rewards over an infinite time horizon subject to the resource availability. From the Lagrangian relaxation of the original problem, an index policy can be derived, as long as the existence of the Whittle index is ensured. We demonstrate that such a class of reinitializing bandits in which the projects' state deteriorates while active and resets to its initial state when passive until its completion possesses the structural property of indexability and we further show how to compute the index in closed form. In general, the Whittle index rule for restless bandit problems does not achieve optimality. However, we show that the proposed Whittle index rule is optimal for the problem under study in the case of stochastically heterogenous arms under the expected total criterion, and it is further recovered by a simple tractable rule referred to as the 1-limited Round Robin rule. Moreover, we illustrate the significant suboptimality of other widely used heuristic: the Myopic index rule, by computing in closed form its suboptimality gap. We present numerical studies which illustrate for the more general instances the performance advantages of the Whittle index rule over other simple heuristics.

INDEXABILITY AND OPTIMAL INDEX POLICIES FOR A CLASS OF REINITIALISING RESTLESS BANDITS

PubMed Central

Villar, Sofía S.

2016-01-01

Motivated by a class of Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes with application in surveillance systems in which a set of imperfectly observed state processes is to be inferred from a subset of available observations through a Bayesian approach, we formulate and analyze a special family of multi-armed restless bandit problems. We consider the problem of finding an optimal policy for observing the processes that maximizes the total expected net rewards over an infinite time horizon subject to the resource availability. From the Lagrangian relaxation of the original problem, an index policy can be derived, as long as the existence of the Whittle index is ensured. We demonstrate that such a class of reinitializing bandits in which the projects’ state deteriorates while active and resets to its initial state when passive until its completion possesses the structural property of indexability and we further show how to compute the index in closed form. In general, the Whittle index rule for restless bandit problems does not achieve optimality. However, we show that the proposed Whittle index rule is optimal for the problem under study in the case of stochastically heterogenous arms under the expected total criterion, and it is further recovered by a simple tractable rule referred to as the 1-limited Round Robin rule. Moreover, we illustrate the significant suboptimality of other widely used heuristic: the Myopic index rule, by computing in closed form its suboptimality gap. We present numerical studies which illustrate for the more general instances the performance advantages of the Whittle index rule over other simple heuristics. PMID:27212781

Performance of technical trading rules: evidence from Southeast Asian stock markets.

PubMed

Tharavanij, Piyapas; Siraprapasiri, Vasan; Rajchamaha, Kittichai

2015-01-01

This paper examines the profitability of technical trading rules in the five Southeast Asian stock markets. The data cover a period of 14 years from January 2000 to December 2013. The instruments investigated are five Southeast Asian stock market indices: SET index (Thailand), FTSE Bursa Malaysia KLC index (Malaysia), FTSE Straits Times index (Singapore), JSX Composite index (Indonesia), and PSE composite index (the Philippines). Trading strategies investigated include Relative Strength Index, Stochastic oscillator, Moving Average Convergence-Divergence, Directional Movement Indicator and On Balance Volume. Performances are compared to a simple Buy-and-Hold. Statistical tests are also performed. Our empirical results show a strong performance of technical trading rules in an emerging stock market of Thailand but not in a more mature stock market of Singapore. The technical trading rules also generate statistical significant returns in the Malaysian, Indonesian and the Philippine markets. However, after taking transaction costs into account, most technical trading rules do not generate net returns. This fact suggests different levels of market efficiency among Southeast Asian stock markets. This paper finds three new insights. Firstly, technical indicators does not help much in terms of market timing. Basically, traders cannot expect to buy at a relative low price and sell at a relative high price by just using technical trading rules. Secondly, technical trading rules can be beneficial to individual investors as they help them to counter the behavioral bias called disposition effects which is the tendency to sell winning stocks too soon and holding on to losing stocks too long. Thirdly, even profitable strategies could not reliably predict subsequent market directions. They make money from having a higher average profit from profitable trades than an average loss from unprofitable ones.

75 FR 75641 - Advance Notification to Native American Tribes of Transportation of Certain Types of Nuclear Waste

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-06

... State licensees. This action would not include shipments made by the Department of Energy or the Department of Defense. B. What is the purpose of the proposed rule? The purpose of the proposed rule is to... Executive Departments and Agencies, directing Cabinet agencies to take steps to develop regular and...

76 FR 60572 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The Options Clearing Corporation; Order Approving Proposed Rule...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-29

..., 2008), 73 FR 42646 (July 22, 2008) (SR-OCC-2007-20)); give itself time to prepare updated comparative...\\ Proposed Interpretation and Policy .01 to OCC Rule 1001. The new formula is designed to more directly take...\\ \\10\\ Note the comparative data described in this paragraph was obtained using confidence levels set at...

77 FR 34897 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Maryland; Permit to Construct...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-12

...-0394, Ms. Kathleen Cox, Associate Director, Office of Permits and Air Toxics, Mailcode 3AP10, U.S... preconstruction permitting requirements under Maryland's New Source Review (NSR) program. In the Final Rules section of this Federal Register, EPA is approving the State's SIP submittal as a direct final rule...

77 FR 28543 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Maryland; Permit To Construct...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-15

...-0292, Ms. Kathleen Cox, Associate Director, Office of Permits and Air Toxics, Mailcode 3AP10, U.S... preconstruction permitting requirements under Maryland's New Source Review (NSR) program. In the Final Rules section of this Federal Register, EPA is approving the State's SIP submittal as a direct final rule...

10 CFR 1040.87 - Exceptions to the rules against age discrimination. Reasonable factors other than age.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Exceptions to the rules against age discrimination. Reasonable factors other than age. 1040.87 Section 1040.87 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (GENERAL PROVISIONS... factor other than age only if the factor bears a direct and substantial relationship to the normal...

76 FR 79267 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Order Approving a Proposed Rule Change Expanding...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-21

... Potential ``Users'' of Its Co-Location Services To Include Any Market Participant That Requests To Receive Co-Location Services Directly From the Exchange and Amending Its Fee Schedule To Establish a Fee for... ``Users'' of its co-location services, and to amend its Fee Schedule. The proposed rule change was...

76 FR 79233 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Amex LLC; Order Approving a Proposed Rule Change Expanding...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-21

... Potential ``Users'' of Its Co-Location Services To Include Any Market Participant that Requests To Receive Co-Location Services Directly from the Exchange and Amending Its Fee Schedule To Establish a Fee for... co-location services, and to amend its Fee Schedule. The proposed rule change was published for...

75 FR 10438 - Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Construction and Development Point Source...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-08

... CONTACT: Mr. Jesse W. Pritts at 202-566-1038 ( [email protected] ). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION... Executive Order 13084. 63 FR 27655 (May 10, 1998). This rule will not have substantial direct effects on the.... 64 FR 43255 (August 10, 1999). This rule also is not subject to Executive Order 13045, 62 FR 19885...

77 FR 58889 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change To List...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-24

... rising or falling markets that are not directly correlated to broad equity or fixed income market returns... quantitative, rules-based strategy designed to provide returns that correspond to the performance of the S&P..., ``VIX Index Related Instruments''), money market instruments, cash, cash equivalents and futures...

One-and-Done: An Academic Tragedy in Three Acts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weber, Jerome C.

2009-01-01

What creates the "one-and-done" scenario is the National Basketball Association (NBA) rule that prohibits a player from graduating from high school and going directly to the NBA. The league's obviously cynical and self-interested rule prohibits a prospect from signing to play before at least one year has elapsed. In contrast, Major League…

Assessing the Impact of Representational and Contextual Problem Features on Student Use of Right-Hand Rules

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kustusch, Mary Bridget

2016-01-01

Students in introductory physics struggle with vector algebra and these challenges are often associated with contextual and representational features of the problems. Performance on problems about cross product direction is particularly poor and some research suggests that this may be primarily due to misapplied right-hand rules. However, few…

78 FR 78319 - Media Bureau Seeks Comment on Application of the IP Closed Captioning Rules to Video Clips

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-26

... Seeks Comment on Application of the IP Closed Captioning Rules to Video Clips AGENCY: Federal... captioning of video clips delivered by Internet protocol (``IP''), including the extent to which industry has voluntarily captioned IP- delivered video clips. The Commission directed the Media Bureau to issue this...

On the Existence of Low-Mass Dark Matter and its Direct Detection

PubMed Central

Bateman, James; McHardy, Ian; Merle, Alexander; Morris, Tim R.; Ulbricht, Hendrik

2015-01-01

Dark Matter (DM) is an elusive form of matter which has been postulated to explain astronomical observations through its gravitational effects on stars and galaxies, gravitational lensing of light around these, and through its imprint on the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). This indirect evidence implies that DM accounts for as much as 84.5% of all matter in our Universe, yet it has so far evaded all attempts at direct detection, leaving such confirmation and the consequent discovery of its nature as one of the biggest challenges in modern physics. Here we present a novel form of low-mass DM χ that would have been missed by all experiments so far. While its large interaction strength might at first seem unlikely, neither constraints from particle physics nor cosmological/astronomical observations are sufficient to rule out this type of DM, and it motivates our proposal for direct detection by optomechanics technology which should soon be within reach, namely, through the precise position measurement of a levitated mesoscopic particle which will be perturbed by elastic collisions with χ particles. We show that a recently proposed nanoparticle matter-wave interferometer, originally conceived for tests of the quantum superposition principle, is sensitive to these collisions, too. PMID:25622565

Trends in reactivity of electrodeposited 3d transition metals on gold revealed by operando soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy during water splitting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Velasco-Vélez, J. J.; Jones, Travis E.; Pfeifer, Verena; Dong, Chung-Li; Chen, Yu-Xun; Chen, Chieh-Ming; Chen, Hsin-Yu; Lu, Ying-Rui; Chen, Jin-Ming; Schlögl, R.; Knop-Gericke, A.; Chuang, C.-H.

2017-01-01

We activated gold electrodes for their use as electrocatalyst for water splitting by electrodepositing Cu, Ni and Co. A combination of operando x-ray absorption spectroscopy and potentiometric control under aqueous conditions revealed the trends in reactivity yielded by these electrodes, which are directly associated with the cross- and overpotentials as well as the occupancy of the 3d orbitals. It was found that under anodic polarization the materials electrodeposited on gold suffer from a lack of stability, while under cathodic polarization they exhibit stable behavior. The observed activity is strongly related to the lack of stability shown by these composites under anodic polarization revealing a dynamic process ruled by corrosion. By operando x-ray absorption, we established that the overall enhancement of the activity for the oxygen evolution reaction is directly attributable to the cross-potential and corrosion process of the electrodeposited materials. It is associated with the high potential deposition, which is the origin of the incipient oxidation-corrosion resistance of the lattice. We conclude that the observed trends in the total current are directly associated with the loss of oxygen in the metal-oxide lattice and the subsequent dissolution of metallic ions in the electrolyte under anodic polarization.

Display Rule Application in a Disappointing Situation and Children's Emotional Reactivity: Relations with Social Competence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McDowell, David J.; O'Neil, Robin; Parke, Ross D.

2000-01-01

Examined associations among emotion display rule use, negative emotional reactivity, and fourth-graders' social competence. Found negative relation between self-reported negative emotional coping strategies and observed measures of display rule use. Found children who reported using more effective coping strategies for managing negative emotions…

Cellulosic Waiver Credit Price and Minor Amendments: Direct Final Rule

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA's direct final fuel follows from EPA having granted the American Petroleum Institute’s and the American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers’ petitions for reconsideration of the 2013 cellulosic biofuel standard published on August 15, 2013.

Petroleum Refineries New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) Direct Final Amendments Fact Sheet

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This page contains a December 2013 fact sheet with information regarding the direct final rule for the NSPS for Petroleum Refineries. This document provides a summary of the information for this NSPS.

Non-enzymatic oxidation of NADH by quinones

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scherbak, Nikolai; Strid, Åke; Eriksson, Leif A.

2005-10-01

Non-enzymatic oxidation of NADH by a large number of different quinones has been explored both theoretically and experimentally. It is concluded that the smaller benzo- and naphtho-quinones are capable of oxidising NADH in aqueous solution, whereas the larger anthraquinone is not. The mechanisms of stepwise electron and proton transfers are explored, and ruled out in favour of direct hydride transfer. For menadione (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone), no reaction is observed experimentally; theoretically we find that there is a very close balance between the energetic cost of hydride removal from NADH and the energy gain of formation of the menadione semiquinone radical anion.

Phase space quantum mechanics - Direct

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nasiri, S.; Sobouti, Y.; Taati, F.

2006-09-15

Conventional approach to quantum mechanics in phase space (q,p), is to take the operator based quantum mechanics of Schroedinger, or an equivalent, and assign a c-number function in phase space to it. We propose to begin with a higher level of abstraction, in which the independence and the symmetric role of q and p is maintained throughout, and at once arrive at phase space state functions. Upon reduction to the q- or p-space the proposed formalism gives the conventional quantum mechanics, however, with a definite rule for ordering of factors of noncommuting observables. Further conceptual and practical merits of themore » formalism are demonstrated throughout the text.« less

Harmonizing the MSSM with the Galactic Center excess

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Butter, Anja; Murgia, Simona; Plehn, Tilman; Tait, Tim M. P.

2017-08-01

The minimal supersymmetric setup offers a comprehensive framework to interpret the Fermi-LAT Galactic Center excess. Taking into account experimental, theoretical, and astrophysical uncertainties we can identify valid parameter regions linked to different annihilation channels. They extend to dark matter masses above 250 GeV. There exists a very mild tension between the observed relic density and the annihilation rate in the center of our Galaxy for specific channels. The strongest additional constraints come from the new generation of direct detection experiments, ruling out much of the light and intermediate dark matter mass regime and giving preference to heavier dark matter annihilating into a pair of top quarks.

SKOLAR MD: A Model for Self-Directed, In-Context Continuing Medical Education

PubMed Central

Strasberg, Howard R.; Rindfleisch, Thomas C.; Hardy, Steven

2003-01-01

INTRODUCTION SKOLAR has implemented a web-based CME program with which physicians can earn AMA Category 1 credit for self-directed learning. METHODS Physicians researched their questions in SKOLAR and applied for CME. Physician auditors reviewed all requests across two phases of the project. A selection rule set was derived from phase one and used in phase two to flag a subset of requests for detailed review. The selection rule set is described. RESULTS In phase one, SKOLAR received 1039 CME applications. Applicants frequently found their answer (94%) and would apply it clinically (93%). A linear regression analysis comparing time awarded to time requested (capped at actual time spent) had R2=0.79. DISCUSSION We believe that hat this self-directed approach to CME is effective and an important complement to traditional CME programs. However, selective audit of self-directed CME requests is necessary to ensure validity of credits awarded. PMID:14728250

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; program integrity: Exchange, SHOP, and eligibility appeals. Final rule.

PubMed

2013-08-30

This final rule implements provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively referred to as the Affordable Care Act). Specifically, this final rule outlines Exchange standards with respect to eligibility appeals, agents and brokers, privacy and security, issuer direct enrollment, and the handling of consumer cases. It also sets forth standards with respect to a State's operation of the Exchange and Small Business Health Options Program (SHOP). It generally is finalizing previously proposed policies without change.

On the inherent competition between valid and spurious inductive inferences in Boolean data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andrecut, M.

Inductive inference is the process of extracting general rules from specific observations. This problem also arises in the analysis of biological networks, such as genetic regulatory networks, where the interactions are complex and the observations are incomplete. A typical task in these problems is to extract general interaction rules as combinations of Boolean covariates, that explain a measured response variable. The inductive inference process can be considered as an incompletely specified Boolean function synthesis problem. This incompleteness of the problem will also generate spurious inferences, which are a serious threat to valid inductive inference rules. Using random Boolean data as a null model, here we attempt to measure the competition between valid and spurious inductive inference rules from a given data set. We formulate two greedy search algorithms, which synthesize a given Boolean response variable in a sparse disjunct normal form, and respectively a sparse generalized algebraic normal form of the variables from the observation data, and we evaluate numerically their performance.

The best friendships of aggressive boys: relationship quality, conflict management, and rule-breaking behavior.

PubMed

Bagwell, Catherine L; Coie, John D

2004-05-01

The current study examined the best friendships of aggressive and nonaggressive boys (N = 96 boys, 48 dyads, mean age = 10.6 years). Friends completed self-report measures of friendship quality, and their interactions were observed in situations that required conflict management and provided opportunities for rule-breaking behavior. Although there were no differences in boys' self-reports of friendship quality, observers rated nonaggressive boys and their friends as showing greater positive engagement, on-task behavior, and reciprocity in their interactions compared with aggressive boys and their friends. Aggressive boys and their friends provided more enticement for rule violations and engaged in more rule-breaking behavior than did nonaggressive boys and their friends. Also, the intensity of negative affect in observed conflicts between aggressive boys and their friends was greater than that between nonaggressive boys and their friends. The findings suggest that friendships may provide different developmental contexts for aggressive and nonaggressive boys. Copyright 2003 Elsevier, Inc.

Research directed toward improved echelles for the ultraviolet. [large space teslescope spectrographs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1977-01-01

Low frequency gratings obtainable with present technology, can meet the grating-efficiency design goals for potential space telescope spectrographs. Gratings made with changes in the three specific parameters: the ruling tool profile, the coating material, and the lubricants used during the ruling process were compared. A series of coatings and test gratings were fabricated and were examined for surface smoothness with a Nomarski differential interference microscope and an electron microsocope. Photomicrographs were obtained to show the difference in smoothness of the various coatings and rulings. Efficiency measurements were made for those test rulings that showed good groove characteristics: smoothness, proper ruling depth, and absence of defects (e.g., streaks, feathered edges and rough sides). Higher grating efficiency should be correlated with the degree of smoothness of both the coating and the grating groove.

Rule Extracting based on MCG with its Application in Helicopter Power Train Fault Diagnosis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, M.; Hu, N. Q.; Qin, G. J.

2011-07-01

In order to extract decision rules for fault diagnosis from incomplete historical test records for knowledge-based damage assessment of helicopter power train structure. A method that can directly extract the optimal generalized decision rules from incomplete information based on GrC was proposed. Based on semantic analysis of unknown attribute value, the granule was extended to handle incomplete information. Maximum characteristic granule (MCG) was defined based on characteristic relation, and MCG was used to construct the resolution function matrix. The optimal general decision rule was introduced, with the basic equivalent forms of propositional logic, the rules were extracted and reduction from incomplete information table. Combined with a fault diagnosis example of power train, the application approach of the method was present, and the validity of this method in knowledge acquisition was proved.

Mechanisms for Rapid Adaptive Control of Motion Processing in Macaque Visual Cortex.

PubMed

McLelland, Douglas; Baker, Pamela M; Ahmed, Bashir; Kohn, Adam; Bair, Wyeth

2015-07-15

A key feature of neural networks is their ability to rapidly adjust their function, including signal gain and temporal dynamics, in response to changes in sensory inputs. These adjustments are thought to be important for optimizing the sensitivity of the system, yet their mechanisms remain poorly understood. We studied adaptive changes in temporal integration in direction-selective cells in macaque primary visual cortex, where specific hypotheses have been proposed to account for rapid adaptation. By independently stimulating direction-specific channels, we found that the control of temporal integration of motion at one direction was independent of motion signals driven at the orthogonal direction. We also found that individual neurons can simultaneously support two different profiles of temporal integration for motion in orthogonal directions. These findings rule out a broad range of adaptive mechanisms as being key to the control of temporal integration, including untuned normalization and nonlinearities of spike generation and somatic adaptation in the recorded direction-selective cells. Such mechanisms are too broadly tuned, or occur too far downstream, to explain the channel-specific and multiplexed temporal integration that we observe in single neurons. Instead, we are compelled to conclude that parallel processing pathways are involved, and we demonstrate one such circuit using a computer model. This solution allows processing in different direction/orientation channels to be separately optimized and is sensible given that, under typical motion conditions (e.g., translation or looming), speed on the retina is a function of the orientation of image components. Many neurons in visual cortex are understood in terms of their spatial and temporal receptive fields. It is now known that the spatiotemporal integration underlying visual responses is not fixed but depends on the visual input. For example, neurons that respond selectively to motion direction integrate signals over a shorter time window when visual motion is fast and a longer window when motion is slow. We investigated the mechanisms underlying this useful adaptation by recording from neurons as they responded to stimuli moving in two different directions at different speeds. Computer simulations of our results enabled us to rule out several candidate theories in favor of a model that integrates across multiple parallel channels that operate at different time scales. Copyright © 2015 the authors 0270-6474/15/3510268-13$15.00/0.

IOTA Simple Rules in Differentiating between Benign and Malignant Adnexal Masses by Non-expert Examiners.

PubMed

Tinnangwattana, Dangcheewan; Vichak-Ururote, Linlada; Tontivuthikul, Paponrad; Charoenratana, Cholaros; Lerthiranwong, Thitikarn; Tongsong, Theera

2015-01-01

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of IOTA simple rules in predicting malignant adnexal tumors by non-expert examiners. Five obstetric/gynecologic residents, who had never performed gynecologic ultrasound examination by themselves before, were trained for IOTA simple rules by an experienced examiner. One trained resident performed ultrasound examinations including IOTA simple rules on 100 women, who were scheduled for surgery due to ovarian masses, within 24 hours of surgery. The gold standard diagnosis was based on pathological or operative findings. The five-trained residents performed IOTA simple rules on 30 patients for evaluation of inter-observer variability. A total of 100 patients underwent ultrasound examination for the IOTA simple rules. Of them, IOTA simple rules could be applied in 94 (94%) masses including 71 (71.0%) benign masses and 29 (29.0%) malignant masses. The diagnostic performance of IOTA simple rules showed sensitivity of 89.3% (95%CI, 77.8%; 100.7%), specificity 83.3% (95%CI, 74.3%; 92.3%). Inter-observer variability was analyzed using Cohen's kappa coefficient. Kappa indices of the four pairs of raters are 0.713-0.884 (0.722, 0.827, 0.713, and 0.884). IOTA simple rules have high diagnostic performance in discriminating adnexal masses even when are applied by non-expert sonographers, though a training course may be required. Nevertheless, they should be further tested by a greater number of general practitioners before widely use.

Strike-Slip Fault Patterns on Europa: Obliquity or Polar Wander?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rhoden, Alyssa Rose; Hurford, Terry A.; Manga, Michael

2011-01-01

Variations in diurnal tidal stress due to Europa's eccentric orbit have been considered as the driver of strike-slip motion along pre-existing faults, but obliquity and physical libration have not been taken into account. The first objective of this work is to examine the effects of obliquity on the predicted global pattern of fault slip directions based on a tidal-tectonic formation model. Our second objective is to test the hypothesis that incorporating obliquity can reconcile theory and observations without requiring polar wander, which was previously invoked to explain the mismatch found between the slip directions of 192 faults on Europa and the global pattern predicted using the eccentricity-only model. We compute predictions for individual, observed faults at their current latitude, longitude, and azimuth with four different tidal models: eccentricity only, eccentricity plus obliquity, eccentricity plus physical libration, and a combination of all three effects. We then determine whether longitude migration, presumably due to non-synchronous rotation, is indicated in observed faults by repeating the comparisons with and without obliquity, this time also allowing longitude translation. We find that a tidal model including an obliquity of 1.2?, along with longitude migration, can predict the slip directions of all observed features in the survey. However, all but four faults can be fit with only 1? of obliquity so the value we find may represent the maximum departure from a lower time-averaged obliquity value. Adding physical libration to the obliquity model improves the accuracy of predictions at the current locations of the faults, but fails to predict the slip directions of six faults and requires additional degrees of freedom. The obliquity model with longitude migration is therefore our preferred model. Although the polar wander interpretation cannot be ruled out from these results alone, the obliquity model accounts for all observations with a value consistent with theoretical expectations and cycloid modeling.

Determination of the ground state of an Au-supported FePc film based on the interpretation of Fe K - and L -edge x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Natoli, Calogero R.; Krüger, Peter; Bartolomé, Juan; Bartolomé, Fernando

2018-04-01

We determine the magnetic ground state of the FePc molecule on Au-supported thin films based on the observed values of orbital anisotropy and spectroscopic x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements at the Fe K and L edges. Starting from ab initio molecular orbital multiplet calculations for the isolated molecule, we diagonalize the spin-orbit interaction in the subspace spanned by the three lowest spin triplet states of 3A2 g and 3Eg symmetry in the presence of a saturating magnetic field at a polar angle θ with respect to the normal to the plane of the film, plus an external perturbation representing the effect of the molecules in the stack on the FePc molecule under consideration. We find that the orbital moment of the ground state strongly depends on the magnetic field direction in agreement with the sum rule analysis of the L23-edge XMCD data. We calculate integrals over the XMCD spectra at the Fe K and L23 edges as used in the sum rules and explicitly show that they agree with the expectation values of the orbital moment and effective spin moment of the ground state. On the basis of this analysis, we can rule out alternative candidates proposed in the literature.

The influence of work characteristics, emotional display rules and affectivity on burnout and job satisfaction: A survey among geriatric care workers.

PubMed

Rouxel, Géraldine; Michinov, Estelle; Dodeler, Virginie

2016-10-01

Previous studies have demonstrated that geriatric care employees are exposed to a large number of factors that can affect their levels of job satisfaction and occupational stress. Although working with elderly people is emotionally demanding, little research has been done on the role played by perceptions of emotional display rules, alongside more traditional work characteristics and individual factors, in the prediction of geriatric care employees' wellbeing. The aim of the present study was to examine the role played by work characteristics (job demands, job control, emotional display rules) and individual (affectivity) factors to predict job satisfaction and burnout among French geriatric care nurses. Questionnaires were sent to 891 employees working in 32 geriatric care centers in France. A total of 371 valid questionnaires (response rate: 41.60%) were analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques. Results revealed two main processes of burnout and job satisfaction among women geriatric care workers, namely a salutogenic process and a pathogenic process. As expected, negative affectivity, low job status, perceived negative display rules and job demands are involved in the pathogenic process; while positive affectivity, perceived positive display rules and job control are implied in the salutogenic one. More specifically, as expected, negative affectivity is a positive predictor of burnout, both directly and indirectly through its impact on perceived negative display rules and job demands. Moreover, negative affectivity was negatively related to job satisfaction. Simultaneously, positive affectivity can predict job satisfaction, both directly and indirectly through its impact on perceived positive display rules and job control. Positive affectivity is also a negative predictor of burnout. Practical implications are discussed to support intervention programs that develop healthy workplaces, and also to inform nurses about how to manage emotional display rules in retirement homes. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Basic Strategies for Mainstream Integration.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lawrence, Patrick A.

1988-01-01

Guidelines for effectively integrating learning-disabled or behavior problem students into regular classrooms are discussed. They include meetings between regular and special education teachers, class rules, discipline, clear directions, individualized instruction, direct instruction for skill acquisition, peer tutoring, structured activities,…

Beam-Energy Dependence of Directed Flow of Λ , Λ ¯ , K ± , K s 0 , and φ in Au + Au Collisions

DOE PAGES

Adamczyk, L.; Adams, J. R.; Adkins, J. K.; ...

2018-02-06

Rmore » apidity-odd directed-flow measurements at midrapidity are presented for Λ , Λ ¯ , K ± , K s 0 , and φ at √ sNN = 7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV in Au + Au collisions recorded by the Solenoidal Tracker detector at the elativistic Heavy Ion Collider. These measurements greatly expand the scope of data available to constrain models with differing prescriptions for the equation of state of quantum chromodynamics. esults show good sensitivity for testing a picture where flow is assumed to be imposed before hadron formation and the observed particles are assumed to form via coalescence of constituent quarks. The pattern of departure from a coalescence-inspired sum rule can be a valuable new tool for probing the collision dynamics.« less

Beam-Energy Dependence of Directed Flow of Λ , Λ ¯ , K ± , K s 0 , and φ in Au + Au Collisions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Adamczyk, L.; Adams, J. R.; Adkins, J. K.

Rmore » apidity-odd directed-flow measurements at midrapidity are presented for Λ , Λ ¯ , K ± , K s 0 , and φ at √ sNN = 7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV in Au + Au collisions recorded by the Solenoidal Tracker detector at the elativistic Heavy Ion Collider. These measurements greatly expand the scope of data available to constrain models with differing prescriptions for the equation of state of quantum chromodynamics. esults show good sensitivity for testing a picture where flow is assumed to be imposed before hadron formation and the observed particles are assumed to form via coalescence of constituent quarks. The pattern of departure from a coalescence-inspired sum rule can be a valuable new tool for probing the collision dynamics.« less

Dark matter self-interactions from a general spin-0 mediator

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kahlhoefer, Felix; Schmidt-Hoberg, Kai; Wild, Sebastian, E-mail: felix.kahlhoefer@desy.de, E-mail: kai.schmidt-hoberg@desy.de, E-mail: sebastian.wild@desy.de

2017-08-01

Dark matter particles interacting via the exchange of very light spin-0 mediators can have large self-interaction rates and obtain their relic abundance from thermal freeze-out. At the same time, these models face strong bounds from direct and indirect probes of dark matter as well as a number of constraints on the properties of the mediator. We investigate whether these constraints can be consistent with having observable effects from dark matter self-interactions in astrophysical systems. For the case of a mediator with purely scalar couplings we point out the highly relevant impact of low-threshold direct detection experiments like CRESST-II, which essentiallymore » rule out the simplest realization of this model. These constraints can be significantly relaxed if the mediator has CP-violating couplings, but then the model faces strong constraints from CMB measurements, which can only be avoided in special regions of parameter space.« less

Experimental manipulation of avian social structure reveals segregation is carried over across contexts

PubMed Central

Firth, Josh A.; Sheldon, Ben C.

2015-01-01

Our current understanding of animal social networks is largely based on observations or experiments that do not directly manipulate associations between individuals. Consequently, evidence relating to the causal processes underlying such networks is limited. By imposing specified rules controlling individual access to feeding stations, we directly manipulated the foraging social network of a wild bird community, thus demonstrating how external factors can shape social structure. We show that experimentally imposed constraints were carried over into patterns of association at unrestricted, ephemeral food patches, as well as at nesting sites during breeding territory prospecting. Hence, different social contexts can be causally linked, and constraints at one level may have consequences that extend into other aspects of sociality. Finally, the imposed assortment was lost following the cessation of the experimental manipulation, indicating the potential for previously perturbed social networks of wild animals to recover from segregation driven by external constraints. PMID:25652839

Robust Constraints and Novel Gamma-Ray Signatures of Dark Matter That Interacts Strongly With Nucleons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hooper, Dan; McDermott, Samuel D.

Due to shielding, direct detection experiments are in some cases insensitive to dark matter candidates with very large scattering cross sections with nucleons. In this paper, we revisit this class of models, and derive a simple analytic criterion for conservative but robust direct detection limits. While large spin-independent cross sections seem to be ruled out, we identify potentially viable parameter space for dark matter with a spin-dependent cross section with nucleons in the range ofmore » $$10^{-27} {\\rm cm}^2 < \\sigma_{{\\rm DM}-p} < 10^{-24} \\, {\\rm cm}^{2}$$. With these parameters, cosmic-ray scattering with dark matter in the extended halo of the Milky Way could generate a novel and distinctive gamma-ray signal at high galactic latitudes. Such a signal could be observable by Fermi or future space-based gamma-ray telescopes.« less

Synoptic Observations of The Terrestrial Polar Wind

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pollock, C. J.; Jahn, J.-M.; Moore, T. E.; Valek, P.; Wiig, J.

High altitude passes of NASA"s Polar spacecraft, during intevals when the Plasma Source Investigation (PSI) was operating to neutralize the spacecraft charge, are uti- lized to study the relatively low energy outflow of plasma from Earth's polar iono- sphere into the magnetosphere. Four years (1996 - 2000) of data from the Themal Ion Dynamics Experiment (TIDE) are analyzed to determine typical polar wind outflow parameters and their variability. These outflows, which are typically but not always present, are usually of high mach number, are strongly collimated along the outgoing field aligned direction and display significant temporal variability. Multi-species out- flows are distinguished from those of a single-species based on the energy signature. Preliminary results show that single species outflow is the rule and that observation of multi-species outflow is often associated with geomagnetic storms.

(Meta)communication strategies in inclusive classes for deaf students.

PubMed

Kelman, Celeste Azulay; Branco, Angela Uchôa

2009-01-01

How can an inclusive classroom for deaf students be successful? The use of metacommunication strategies by teachers and hearing peers seems promising. Schools that promote this approach tend to improve deaf students' psychosocial development and academic achievement. However, this is not a general rule. The present study identifies the elements of success, with the investigators basing their analysis on extensive observation of 4 bilingual classes conducted by regular education and specialized teachers. The study was conducted in 3 public elementary schools in Brasilia, Brazil. Data were collected through direct observation (156 hours) and video recording (34 hours). Results were qualitatively analyzed from a microgenetic perspective. The investigators devised 14 categories of social interaction, e.g., visual contact and responsivity, multimodal communication, co-construction of meanings, flexible use of space, and sign language instruction for hearing students.

Representational momentum and Michotte's (1946/1963) "launching effect" paradigm.

PubMed

Hubbard, T L; Blessum, J A; Ruppel, S E

2001-01-01

In A. Michotte's (1946/1963) launching effect, a moving launcher contacts a stationary target, and then the launcher becomes stationary and the target begins to move. In this experiment, observers viewed modifications of a launching effect display, and displacement in memory for the location of targets was measured. Forward displacement of targets in launching effect displays was decreased relative to that of targets (a) that were presented in isolation and either moved at a constant fast or slow velocity or decelerated or (b) that moved in a direction orthogonal to previous motion of the launcher. Possible explanations involving a deceleration of motion or landmark attraction effects were ruled out. Displacement patterns were consistent with naive impetus theory and the hypothesis that observers believed impetus from the launcher was imparted to the target and then dissipated.

Directed Forgetting and Directed Remembering in Visual Working Memory

PubMed Central

Williams, Melonie; Woodman, Geoffrey F.

2013-01-01

A defining characteristic of visual working memory is its limited capacity. This means that it is crucial to maintain only the most relevant information in visual working memory. However, empirical research is mixed as to whether it is possible to selectively maintain a subset of the information previously encoded into visual working memory. Here we examined the ability of subjects to use cues to either forget or remember a subset of the information already stored in visual working memory. In Experiment 1, participants were cued to either forget or remember one of two groups of colored squares during a change-detection task. We found that both types of cues aided performance in the visual working memory task, but that observers benefited more from a cue to remember than a cue to forget a subset of the objects. In Experiment 2, we show that the previous findings, which indicated that directed-forgetting cues are ineffective, were likely due to the presence of invalid cues that appear to cause observers to disregard such cues as unreliable. In Experiment 3, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) and show that an electrophysiological index of focused maintenance is elicited by cues that indicate which subset of information in visual working memory needs to be remembered, ruling out alternative explanations of the behavioral effects of retention-interval cues. The present findings demonstrate that observers can focus maintenance mechanisms on specific objects in visual working memory based on cues indicating future task relevance. PMID:22409182

The polarization compass dominates over idiothetic cues in path integration of desert ants.

PubMed

Lebhardt, Fleur; Koch, Julja; Ronacher, Bernhard

2012-02-01

Desert ants, Cataglyphis, use the sky's pattern of polarized light as a compass reference for navigation. However, they do not fully exploit the complexity of this pattern, rather - as proposed previously - they assess their walking direction by means of an approximate solution based on a simplified internal template. Approximate rules are error-prone. We therefore asked whether the ants use additional cues to improve the accuracy of directional decisions, and focused on 'idiothetic' cues, i.e. cues based on information from proprioceptors. We trained ants in a channel system that was covered with a polarization filter, providing only a single e-vector direction as a directional 'celestial' cue. Then we observed their homebound runs on a test field, allowing full view of the sky. In crucial experiments, the ants were exposed to a cue conflict, in which sky compass and idiothetic information disagreed, by training them in a straight channel that provided a change in e-vector direction. The results indicated that the polarization information completely dominates over idiothetic cues. Two path segments with different e-vector orientations are combined linearly to a summed home vector. Our data provide additional evidence that Cataglyphis uses a simplified internal template to derive directional information from the sky's polarization pattern.

Spectroscopy and Direct Products: Simpler yet Deeper

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kettle, Sidney F. A.

2010-01-01

When irreducible representations are given in diagrammatic form, it is possible to show direct products pictorially. By giving a similar description of the electric vector associated with a light wave, group-theoretical selection rules (the requirement of a totally symmetric direct product) can also be shown in pictorial form. The [upsilon](CO)…

78 FR 38544 - Airworthiness Directives; B-N Group Ltd. Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-27

... Airworthiness Directives; B-N Group Ltd. Airplanes AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Department of Transportation (DOT). ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for all B-N... adding the following new AD: 2013-13-02 B-N Group Ltd.: Amendment 39-17490; Docket No. FAA-2013- 0314...

78 FR 41199 - Telemarketing Sales Rule

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-09

... telemarketing acts or practices.''). The Telemarketing Act directs the Commission to include in the TSR... amendments to the general media and direct mail exemptions in sections 310.6(b)(5) and (6)). \\31\\ 16 CFR 310... begin with a paper item. However, they are similar to RCCs in that they . . . bear no direct evidence of...

76 FR 8607 - Airworthiness Directives; The Cessna Aircraft Company Model 750 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-15

... Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for... auxiliary power unit (APU) generator and the left and right engine direct current (DC) generators, and... Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590. FOR FURTHER...

77 FR 12077 - Meeting of the Judicial Conference Advisory Committee on Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-28

... Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure. ACTION: Notice of open meeting. SUMMARY: The Advisory Committee on Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure will hold a two-day meeting. The meeting will be open to public observation... Officer and Counsel. [FR Doc. 2012-4637 Filed 2-27-12; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 2210-55-P ...

78 FR 52785 - Meeting of the Judicial Conference Committee on Rules of Practice and Procedure

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-26

... Evidence. ACTION: Notice of Open Meeting. SUMMARY: The Advisory Committee on Rules of Evidence will hold a one- day meeting. The meeting will be open to public observation but not participation. DATES: October... Chief Rules Officer. [FR Doc. 2013-20669 Filed 8-23-13; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 2210-55-P ...

77 FR 12077 - Meeting of the Judicial Conference Advisory Committee on Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-28

... Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure. ACTION: Notice of open meeting. SUMMARY: The Advisory Committee on Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure will hold a two-day meeting. The meeting will be open to public observation... Committee Deputy and Counsel. [FR Doc. 2012-4668 Filed 2-27-12; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 2210-55-P ...

77 FR 12078 - Meeting of the Judicial Conference Advisory Committee on Rules of Criminal Procedure

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-28

... of Criminal Procedure. ACTION: Notice of open meeting. SUMMARY: The Advisory Committee on Rules of Criminal Procedure will hold a two-day meeting. The meeting will be open to public observation but not... J. Robinson, Deputy Rules Officer and Counsel. [FR Doc. 2012-4632 Filed 2-27-12; 8:45 am] BILLING...

Parental Control and Affect as Predictors of Children's Display Rule Use and Social Competence with Peers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McDowell, David J.; Parke, Ross D.

2005-01-01

Seventy-six fourth-grade children and their parents participated in a study of the linkages among parental control and positive affect, children's display rule use, and children's social competence with peers. Using observational measures of parental behavior and children's display rule use, it was found that parental positive affect and control…

Temperature regulates limb length in homeotherms by directly modulating cartilage growth

PubMed Central

Serrat, Maria A.; King, Donna; Lovejoy, C. Owen

2008-01-01

Allen's Rule documents a century-old biological observation that strong positive correlations exist among latitude, ambient temperature, and limb length in mammals. Although genetic selection for thermoregulatory adaptation is frequently presumed to be the primary basis of this phenomenon, important but frequently overlooked research has shown that appendage outgrowth is also markedly influenced by environmental temperature. Alteration of limb blood flow via vasoconstriction/vasodilation is the current default hypothesis for this growth plasticity, but here we show that tissue perfusion does not fully account for differences in extremity elongation in mice. We show that peripheral tissue temperature closely reflects housing temperature in vivo, and we demonstrate that chondrocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix volume strongly correlate with tissue temperature in metatarsals cultured without vasculature in vitro. Taken together, these data suggest that vasomotor changes likely modulate extremity growth indirectly, via their effects on appendage temperature, rather than vascular nutrient delivery. When combined with classic evolutionary theory, especially genetic assimilation, these results provide a potentially comprehensive explanation of Allen's Rule, and may substantially impact our understanding of phenotypic variation in living and extinct mammals, including humans. PMID:19047632

Association mining of mutated cancer genes in different clinical stages across 11 cancer types.

PubMed

Hu, Wangxiong; Li, Xiaofen; Wang, Tingzhang; Zheng, Shu

2016-10-18

Many studies have demonstrated that some genes (e.g. APC, BRAF, KRAS, PTEN, TP53) are frequently mutated in cancer, however, underlying mechanism that contributes to their high mutation frequency remains unclear. Here we used Apriori algorithm to find the frequent mutational gene sets (FMGSs) from 4,904 tumors across 11 cancer types as part of the TCGA Pan-Cancer effort and then mined the hidden association rules (ARs) within these FMGSs. Intriguingly, we found that well-known cancer driver genes such as BRAF, KRAS, PTEN, and TP53 were often co-occurred with other driver genes and FMGSs size peaked at an itemset size of 3~4 genes. Besides, the number and constitution of FMGS and ARs differed greatly among different cancers and stages. In addition, FMGS and ARs were rare in endocrine-related cancers such as breast carcinoma, ovarian cystadenocarcinoma, and thyroid carcinoma, but abundant in cancers contact directly with external environments such as skin melanoma and stomach adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, we observed more rules in stage IV than in other stages, indicating that distant metastasis needed more sophisticated gene regulatory network.

76 FR 55585 - Video Description: Implementation of the Twenty-First Century Communications and Video...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-08

... Title II, sec. 202(a), 713(f)(1) (requiring reinstatement of the rules one year after the date of... programming directed at children 16 years of age and younger. See infra para. 51 and Appendix A, Final Rules... responsible for ensuring that it carries one to two hundred hours of newly described programming each year...

75 FR 14409 - Amendment of Certain of the Commission's Ex Parte Rules and Other Procedural Rules

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-25

... matter or proceeding covered by this subchapter.'' 5 U.S.C. 551(14). Consistent with that definition, the... arguments directed to the outcome of a proceeding. The definition excludes certain types of communications... such as blogs, Facebook, and IdeaScale. Some of the issues on which the public provides input are the...

76 FR 66339 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Order Approving a Proposed Rule Change To List...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-26

... the United States Metals Index Fund, the United States Agriculture Index Fund and the United States...-4 thereunder,\\2\\ a proposed rule change to list and trade shares of the United States Metals Index... directly, using the trading advisory services of SummerHaven for guidance with respect to the Metals Index...

Rules of the New York State Board of Regents Relating to Definitions of Unprofessional Conduct, with Amendments Adopted through November 1984.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York State Education Dept., Albany.

Rules concerning unprofessional conduct are offered by the New York State Board of Regents. Attention is directed to: general provisions for all professions, health professions, and design professions (e.g., architecture and engineering), as well as special provisions for: the medical profession, the dentistry and dental hygiene professions, the…

78 FR 42875 - Community Right-to-Know; Adoption of 2012 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-18

....regulations.gov or email. The www.regulations.gov Web site is an ``anonymous access'' system, which means EPA.../ . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Why is EPA using a direct final rule? EPA is publishing this rule without a prior... entity, consult the person listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section. III. What should I...

76 FR 11828 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-03

... businesses''). Rule 12d3-1 (``Exemption of acquisitions of securities issued by persons engaged in securities... businesses, but a fund may not rely on rule 12d3-1 to acquire securities of its own investment adviser or any... ability to take advantage of the fund, because it is not in a position to direct the fund's securities...

78 FR 1886 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX PHLX LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-09

... amend its fee schedule for the four direct data feed products. While changes to the Pricing Schedule... account, for the purpose of executing a particular investment strategy. See Exchange Rule 1080.08(a)(i... TOPO, PHLX Orders, or PHLX Depth of Market.\\7\\ \\7\\ PHLX proposes to move the definitions in the rule...

75 FR 14094 - Order to Deny Petitions for Reconsideration of MVDDS Technical and Licensing Rules in the 12 GHz...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-24

... Petitions for Reconsideration of MVDDS Technical and Licensing Rules in the 12 GHz Band AGENCY: Federal... Commission announces that the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has approved, for a period of three years... Authorize Subsidiary Terrestrial Use of the 12.2- 12.7 GHz Band by Direct Broadcast Satellite Licensees and...

75 FR 49543 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Order Approving a Proposed Rule...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-13

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-62663; File No. SR-NASDAQ-2010-077] Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Order Approving a Proposed Rule Change Relating to Pricing for Direct Circuit Connections August 9, 2010. On June 21, 2010, The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (``NASDAQ'' or the ``Exchange'') filed with the...

77 FR 15608 - Revisions to Final Response to Petition From New Jersey Regarding SO2 Emissions From the Portland...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-16

... Revisions to Final Response to Petition From New Jersey Regarding SO[bdi2] Emissions From the Portland... final rule. SUMMARY: The EPA issued ``Revisions to Final Response to Petition From New Jersey Regarding... December 22, 2011, we are withdrawing the direct final rule amendments to ``Revisions to Final Response to...

Predicting Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Clades Using Knowledge-Based Bayesian Networks

PubMed Central

Bennett, Kristin P.

2014-01-01

We develop a novel approach for incorporating expert rules into Bayesian networks for classification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) clades. The proposed knowledge-based Bayesian network (KBBN) treats sets of expert rules as prior distributions on the classes. Unlike prior knowledge-based support vector machine approaches which require rules expressed as polyhedral sets, KBBN directly incorporates the rules without any modification. KBBN uses data to refine rule-based classifiers when the rule set is incomplete or ambiguous. We develop a predictive KBBN model for 69 MTBC clades found in the SITVIT international collection. We validate the approach using two testbeds that model knowledge of the MTBC obtained from two different experts and large DNA fingerprint databases to predict MTBC genetic clades and sublineages. These models represent strains of MTBC using high-throughput biomarkers called spacer oligonucleotide types (spoligotypes), since these are routinely gathered from MTBC isolates of tuberculosis (TB) patients. Results show that incorporating rules into problems can drastically increase classification accuracy if data alone are insufficient. The SITVIT KBBN is publicly available for use on the World Wide Web. PMID:24864238

Working dogs cooperate among one another by generalised reciprocity.

PubMed

Gfrerer, Nastassja; Taborsky, Michael

2017-03-06

Cooperation by generalised reciprocity implies that individuals apply the decision rule "help anyone if helped by someone". This mechanism has been shown to generate evolutionarily stable levels of cooperation, but as yet it is unclear how widely this cooperation mechanism is applied among animals. Dogs (Canis familiaris) are highly social animals with considerable cognitive potential and the ability to differentiate between individual social partners. But although dogs can solve complex problems, they may use simple rules for behavioural decisions. Here we show that dogs trained in an instrumental cooperative task to provide food to a social partner help conspecifics more often after receiving help from a dog before. Remarkably, in so doing they show no distinction between partners that had helped them before and completely unfamiliar conspecifics. Apparently, dogs use the simple decision rule characterizing generalised reciprocity, although they are probably capable of using the more complex decision rule of direct reciprocity: "help someone who has helped you". However, generalized reciprocity involves lower information processing costs and is therefore a cheaper cooperation strategy. Our results imply that generalised reciprocity might be applied more commonly than direct reciprocity also in other mutually cooperating animals.

Working dogs cooperate among one another by generalised reciprocity

PubMed Central

Gfrerer, Nastassja; Taborsky, Michael

2017-01-01

Cooperation by generalised reciprocity implies that individuals apply the decision rule “help anyone if helped by someone”. This mechanism has been shown to generate evolutionarily stable levels of cooperation, but as yet it is unclear how widely this cooperation mechanism is applied among animals. Dogs (Canis familiaris) are highly social animals with considerable cognitive potential and the ability to differentiate between individual social partners. But although dogs can solve complex problems, they may use simple rules for behavioural decisions. Here we show that dogs trained in an instrumental cooperative task to provide food to a social partner help conspecifics more often after receiving help from a dog before. Remarkably, in so doing they show no distinction between partners that had helped them before and completely unfamiliar conspecifics. Apparently, dogs use the simple decision rule characterizing generalised reciprocity, although they are probably capable of using the more complex decision rule of direct reciprocity: “help someone who has helped you”. However, generalized reciprocity involves lower information processing costs and is therefore a cheaper cooperation strategy. Our results imply that generalised reciprocity might be applied more commonly than direct reciprocity also in other mutually cooperating animals. PMID:28262722

Display rules versus display autonomy: emotion regulation, emotional exhaustion, and task performance in a call center simulation.

PubMed

Goldberg, Lori Sideman; Grandey, Alicia A

2007-07-01

"Service with a smile" is satisfying for the customer, but such display rules may be costly to the employee and the organization. Most previous research on such costs has used self-reported and cross-sectional designs. The authors use an experimental approach to test tenets of resource depletion theories; specifically, whether the self-regulation of emotions required by display rules depletes energy and attentional resources during a service encounter. Using a call center simulation with three "customer" interactions, the authors found that participants given positive display rules (e.g., be enthusiastic and hide frustration) reported more postsimulation exhaustion and made more errors on the order form compared to those with display autonomy. Customer hostility during one of the calls also increased exhaustion overall and the number of errors during that specific call, though proposed interactions with display rules were not supported. Surface-level emotion regulation, but not deep-level, was the mechanism for the energy depletion effect of display rules, while display rules had a direct effect on performance decrements. Theoretical and practical implications for display rules as part of job requirements are discussed. Copyright 2007 APA

75 FR 6767 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; International Securities Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-10

... Rule Change Relating To Amending the Direct Edge ECN Fee Schedule February 4, 2010. Pursuant to Section... Direct Edge ECN's (``DECN'') fee schedule for ISE Members \\3\\ to amend its fee schedule by (i) re...

75 FR 1674 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; International Securities Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-12

... Effectiveness of Proposed Rule Change Relating To Amending the Direct Edge ECN Fee Schedule January 5, 2010... proposes to amend Direct Edge ECN's (``DECN'') fee schedule for ISE Members \\3\\ to simplify its fee...

75 FR 6760 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; International Securities Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-10

... Rule Change Relating To Amending the Direct Edge ECN Fee Schedule February 4, 2010. Pursuant to Section... Direct Edge ECN's (``DECN'') fee schedule for ISE Members \\3\\ to amend its fee schedule by (i) re...

[Technology and notion of human life].

PubMed

Kakimoto, Yoshimi

2013-12-01

This article aims to examine the rules of robotics whose sense is modified in society and which change the notion of human body. Asimov proposed three rules of robotics in his novel of science fiction, which become the basis of the rules concerning the study of the development of robotics. These rules are created in order to avoid harming human beings and to mitigate the variant difficulties of being human being. As for latter, robotics has functioned as a meaning of extension of the physical faculty. Thus, technology develops in the direction of the enhancement of the capability of human body beyond the necessities of life. Robotics doesn't only suggest a rethinking of the notion of a human being but also changes our understanding of the human body.

A Physical Interpretation of the Titius-Bode Rule and Its Connection to the Closed Orbits of Bertrand's Theorem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Christodoulou, Dimitris M.; Kazanas, Demosthenes

2017-01-01

We consider the geometric Titius-Bode rule for the semimajor axes of planetary orbits. We derive an equivalent rule for the midpoints of the segments between consecutive orbits along the radial direction and we interpret it physically in terms of the work done in the gravitational field of the Sun by particles whose orbits are perturbed around each planetary orbit. On such energetic grounds, it is not surprising that some exoplanets in multiple-planet extrasolar systems obey the same relation. However, it is surprising that this simple interpretation of the Titius-Bode rule also reveals new properties of the bound closed orbits predicted by Bertrand's theorem, which has been known since 1873.

A physical interpretation of the Titius-Bode rule and its connection to the closed orbits of Bertrandʼs theorem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Christodoulou, Dimitris M.; Kazanas, Demosthenes

2017-12-01

We consider the geometric Titius-Bode rule for the semimajor axes of planetary orbits. We derive an equivalent rule for the midpoints of the segments between consecutive orbits along the radial direction and we interpret it physically in terms of the work done in the gravitational field of the Sun by particles whose orbits are perturbed around each planetary orbit. On such energetic grounds, it is not surprising that some exoplanets in multiple-planet extrasolar systems obey the same relation. However, it is surprising that this simple interpretation of the Titius-Bode rule also reveals new properties of the bound closed orbits predicted by Bertrand’s theorem, which has been known since 1873.

A Neurocomputational Model of Goal-Directed Navigation in Insect-Inspired Artificial Agents

PubMed Central

Goldschmidt, Dennis; Manoonpong, Poramate; Dasgupta, Sakyasingha

2017-01-01

Despite their small size, insect brains are able to produce robust and efficient navigation in complex environments. Specifically in social insects, such as ants and bees, these navigational capabilities are guided by orientation directing vectors generated by a process called path integration. During this process, they integrate compass and odometric cues to estimate their current location as a vector, called the home vector for guiding them back home on a straight path. They further acquire and retrieve path integration-based vector memories globally to the nest or based on visual landmarks. Although existing computational models reproduced similar behaviors, a neurocomputational model of vector navigation including the acquisition of vector representations has not been described before. Here we present a model of neural mechanisms in a modular closed-loop control—enabling vector navigation in artificial agents. The model consists of a path integration mechanism, reward-modulated global learning, random search, and action selection. The path integration mechanism integrates compass and odometric cues to compute a vectorial representation of the agent's current location as neural activity patterns in circular arrays. A reward-modulated learning rule enables the acquisition of vector memories by associating the local food reward with the path integration state. A motor output is computed based on the combination of vector memories and random exploration. In simulation, we show that the neural mechanisms enable robust homing and localization, even in the presence of external sensory noise. The proposed learning rules lead to goal-directed navigation and route formation performed under realistic conditions. Consequently, we provide a novel approach for vector learning and navigation in a simulated, situated agent linking behavioral observations to their possible underlying neural substrates. PMID:28446872

A Neurocomputational Model of Goal-Directed Navigation in Insect-Inspired Artificial Agents.

PubMed

Goldschmidt, Dennis; Manoonpong, Poramate; Dasgupta, Sakyasingha

2017-01-01

Despite their small size, insect brains are able to produce robust and efficient navigation in complex environments. Specifically in social insects, such as ants and bees, these navigational capabilities are guided by orientation directing vectors generated by a process called path integration. During this process, they integrate compass and odometric cues to estimate their current location as a vector, called the home vector for guiding them back home on a straight path. They further acquire and retrieve path integration-based vector memories globally to the nest or based on visual landmarks. Although existing computational models reproduced similar behaviors, a neurocomputational model of vector navigation including the acquisition of vector representations has not been described before. Here we present a model of neural mechanisms in a modular closed-loop control-enabling vector navigation in artificial agents. The model consists of a path integration mechanism, reward-modulated global learning, random search, and action selection. The path integration mechanism integrates compass and odometric cues to compute a vectorial representation of the agent's current location as neural activity patterns in circular arrays. A reward-modulated learning rule enables the acquisition of vector memories by associating the local food reward with the path integration state. A motor output is computed based on the combination of vector memories and random exploration. In simulation, we show that the neural mechanisms enable robust homing and localization, even in the presence of external sensory noise. The proposed learning rules lead to goal-directed navigation and route formation performed under realistic conditions. Consequently, we provide a novel approach for vector learning and navigation in a simulated, situated agent linking behavioral observations to their possible underlying neural substrates.

A Spitzer search for transits of radial velocity detected super-Earths

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kammer, J. A.; Knutson, H. A.; Desert, J.-M.

2014-02-01

Unlike hot Jupiters or other gas giants, super-Earths are expected to have a wide variety of compositions, ranging from terrestrial bodies like our own to more gaseous planets like Neptune. Observations of transiting systems, which allow us to directly measure planet masses and radii and constrain atmospheric properties, are key to understanding the compositional diversity of the planets in this mass range. Although Kepler has discovered hundreds of transiting super-Earth candidates over the past 4 yr, the majority of these planets orbit stars that are too far away and too faint to allow for detailed atmospheric characterization and reliable massmore » estimates. Ground-based transit surveys focus on much brighter stars, but most lack the sensitivity to detect planets in this size range. One way to get around the difficulty of finding these smaller planets in transit is to start by choosing targets that are already known to host super-Earth sized bodies detected using the radial velocity (RV) technique. Here we present results from a Spitzer program to observe six of the most favorable RV-detected super-Earth systems, including HD 1461, HD 7924, HD 156668, HIP 57274, and GJ 876. We find no evidence for transits in any of their 4.5 μm flux light curves, and place limits on the allowed transit depths and corresponding planet radii that rule out even the most dense and iron-rich compositions for these objects. We also observed HD 97658, but the observation window was based on a possible ground-based transit detection that was later ruled out; thus the window did not include the predicted time for the transit detection recently made by the Microvariability and Oscillations of Stars space telescope.« less

Hidden electronic rule in the “cluster-plus-glue-atom” model

PubMed Central

Du, Jinglian; Dong, Chuang; Melnik, Roderick; Kawazoe, Yoshiyuki; Wen, Bin

2016-01-01

Electrons and their interactions are intrinsic factors to affect the structure and properties of materials. Based on the “cluster-cluster-plus-glue-atom” model, an electron counting rule for complex metallic alloys (CMAs) has been revealed in this work (i. e. the CPGAMEC rule). Our results on the cluster structure and electron concentration of CMAs with apparent cluster features, indicate that the valence electrons’ number per unit cluster formula for these CMAs are specific constants of eight-multiples and twelve-multiples. It is thus termed as specific electrons cluster formula. This CPGAMEC rule has been demonstrated as a useful guidance to direct the design of CMAs with desired properties, while its practical applications and underlying mechanism have been illustrated on the basis of CMAs’ cluster structural features. Our investigation provides an aggregate picture with intriguing electronic rule and atomic structural features of CMAs. PMID:27642002

Creating an ontology driven rules base for an expert system for medical diagnosis.

PubMed

Bertaud Gounot, Valérie; Donfack, Valéry; Lasbleiz, Jérémy; Bourde, Annabel; Duvauferrier, Régis

2011-01-01

Expert systems of the 1980s have failed on the difficulties of maintaining large rule bases. The current work proposes a method to achieve and maintain rule bases grounded on ontologies (like NCIT). The process described here for an expert system on plasma cell disorder encompasses extraction of a sub-ontology and automatic and comprehensive generation of production rules. The creation of rules is not based directly on classes, but on individuals (instances). Instances can be considered as prototypes of diseases formally defined by "destrictions" in the ontology. Thus, it is possible to use this process to make diagnoses of diseases. The perspectives of this work are considered: the process described with an ontology formalized in OWL1 can be extended by using an ontology in OWL2 and allow reasoning about numerical data in addition to symbolic data.

A Role Calculus for ORM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Curland, Matthew; Halpin, Terry; Stirewalt, Kurt

A conceptual schema of an information system specifies the fact structures of interest as well as related business rules that are either constraints or derivation rules. Constraints restrict the possible or permitted states or state transitions, while derivation rules enable some facts to be derived from others. Graphical languages are commonly used to specify conceptual schemas, but often need to be supplemented by more expressive textual languages to capture additional business rules, as well as conceptual queries that enable conceptual models to be queried directly. This paper describes research to provide a role calculus to underpin textual languages for Object-Role Modeling (ORM), to enable business rules and queries to be formulated in a language intelligible to business users. The role-based nature of this calculus, which exploits the attribute-free nature of ORM, appears to offer significant advantages over other proposed approaches, especially in the area of semantic stability.

78 FR 52785 - Meeting of the Judicial Conference Committee on Rules of Practice and Procedure

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-26

... Appellate Procedure. ACTION: Notice of Open Meeting. SUMMARY: The Advisory Committee on Rules of Appellate Procedure will hold a two-day meeting. The meeting will be open to public observation but not participation..., Secretary and Chief Rules Officer. [FR Doc. 2013-20670 Filed 8-23-13; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 2210-55-P ...

78 FR 76177 - Meeting of the Judicial Conference Committee on Rules of Practice and Procedure

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-16

... Procedure. ACTION: Notice of open meeting. SUMMARY: The Committee on Rules of Practice and Procedure will hold a two-day meeting. The meeting will be open to public observation but not participation. DATES...: December 11, 2013. Jonathan C. Rose, Rules Committee Secretary. [FR Doc. 2013-29841 Filed 12-13-13; 8:45 am...

77 FR 12078 - Meeting of the Judicial Conference Advisory Committee on Rules of Practice and Procedure

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-28

... Practice and Procedure. ACTION: Notice of open meeting. SUMMARY: The Committee on Rules of Practice and Procedure will hold a two-day meeting. The meeting will be open to public observation but not participation.... Robinson, Deputy Rules Officer and Counsel. [FR Doc. 2012-4650 Filed 2-27-12; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 2210-55...

78 FR 53159 - Meeting of the Judicial Conference Committee on Rules of Practice and Procedure

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-28

... Criminal Procedure. ACTION: Notice of open meeting. SUMMARY: The Advisory Committee on Rules of Criminal Procedure will hold a one-day meeting. The meeting will be open to public observation but not participation.... Rose, Secretary and Chief Rules Officer . [FR Doc. 2013-20980 Filed 8-27-13; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 2210...