The shutdown reactor: Optimizing spent fuel storage cost

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pennington, C.W.

1995-12-31

Several studies have indicated that the most prudent way to store fuel at a shutdown reactor site safely and economically is through the use of a dry storage facility licensed under 10CFR72. While such storage is certainly safe, is it true that the dry ISFSI represents the safest and most economical approach for the utility? While no one is really able to answer that question definitely, as yet, Holtec has studied this issue for some time and believes that both an economic and safety case can be made for an optimization strategy that calls for the use of both wetmore » and dry ISFSI storage of spent fuel at some plants. For the sake of brevity, this paper summarizes some of Holtec`s findings with respect to the economics of maintaining some fuel in wet storage at a shutdown reactor. The safety issue, or more importantly the perception of safety of spent fuel in wet storage, still varies too much with the eye of the beholder, and until a more rigorous presentation of safety analyses can be made in a regulatory setting, it is not practically useful to argue about how many angels can sit on the head of a safety-related pin. Holtec is prepared to present such analyses, but this does not appear to be the proper venue. Thus, this paper simply looks at certain economic elements of a wet ISFSI at a shutdown reactor to make a prima facie case that wet storage has some attractiveness at a shutdown reactor and should not be rejected out of hand. Indeed, an optimization study at certain plants may well show the economic vitality of keeping some fuel in the pool and converting the NRC licensing coverage from 10CFR50 to 10CFR72. If the economics look attractive, then the safety issue may be confronted with a compelling interest.« less

Experiments in DIII-D Toward Achieving Rapid Shutdown with Runaway Electron Suppression

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hollmann, E. M.

2009-11-01

For safe discharge shutdown in future large tokamaks in the event of an unavoidable disruption, it is important to develop rapid (˜ several ms)shutdown methods to avoid large runaway electron currents, which pose a serious threat to plasma facing components. Prevention of runaway current formation has been proposed by either increasing electron-electron collisionality with massive particle injection, or magnetically by using externally applied non-axisymmetric fields to increase radial diffusive losses of a runaway seed population. Experiments studying both approaches have been pursued in the DIII-D tokamak. For collisional suppression, three different rapid shutdown methods are being investigated: massive gas injection, massive shattered cryogenic pellet injection, and polystyrene shell pellet injection. First-of-kind demonstrations of fast shutdowns were produced by 3000 Torr-l (0.8-g) shattered D2 pellets and large, 10-mm diameter, 0.3-g polystyrene shell pellets filled with boron powder. The application of external magnetic perturbations shows promising preliminary results in suppressing seed runaway electrons, although lack of repeatability in the runaway seed term made these results challenging to interpret. Experiments have been performed to help understand how runaways form and are transported during rapid shutdown. These experiments confirm that the commonly used 0D loop voltage + Dreicer evaporation picture of runaway seed formation is not applicable here, with relativistic E > 0.5,MeV electrons forming before any external loop voltage appears. Present applications of 0D, 1D, and 2D models to the rapid shutdown and runaway confinement experiments, as well as preliminary extrapolations to ITER, will be discussed.

Shutdown-induced tensile stress in monolithic miniplates as a possible cause of plate pillowing at very high burnup

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Medvedev, Pavel G; Ozaltun, Hakan; Robinson, Adam Brady

2014-04-01

Post-irradiation examination of Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactors (RERTR)-12 miniplates showed that in-reactor pillowing occurred in at least 4 plates, rendering performance of these plates unacceptable. To address in-reactor failures, efforts are underway to define the mechanisms responsible for in-reactor pillowing, and to suggest improvements to the fuel plate design and operational conditions. To achieve these objectives, the mechanical response of monolithic fuel to fission and thermally-induced stresses was modeled using a commercial finite element analysis code. Calculations of stresses and deformations in monolithic miniplates during irradiation and after the shutdown revealed that the tensile stress generated inmore » the fuel increased from 2 MPa to 100 MPa at shutdown. The increase in tensile stress at shutdown possibly explains in-reactor pillowing of several RERTR-12 miniplates irradiated to the peak local burnup of up to 1.11x1022 fissions/cm3 . This paper presents the modeling approach and calculation results, and compares results with post-irradiation examinations and mechanical testing of irradiated fuel. The implications for the safe use of the monolithic fuel in research reactors are discussed, including the influence of fuel burnup and power on the magnitude of the shutdown-induced tensile stress.« less

Combustion stability analysis of preburners in liquid propellant rocket engines during shutdown

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lim, Kair-Chuan; George, Paul E., II

1987-01-01

A linearized one-dimensional lumped-parameter model capable of predicting the occurrence of the low frequency combustion instability (chugging) experienced during preburner shutdown in the Space Shuttle Main Engines is discussed, and predictions are compared with NASA experimental results. Results from a parametric study of parameters including chamber pressure, fuel and oxygen temperatures, and the effective bulk modulus of the liquid oxidizer suggest that chugging is probably affected by conditions at shutdown through the fuel and oxidizer temperatures. It is suggested that chugging is initiated when the fuel, oxidizer, and helium temperature and flow rates pass into an unstable region, and that chugging may be terminated by decaying pressures.

Gas-injection-start and shutdown characteristics of a 2-kilowatt to 15-kilowatt Brayton power system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cantoni, D. A.

1972-01-01

Two methods of starting the Brayton power system have been considered: (1) using the alternator as a motor to spin the Brayton rotating unit (BRU), and (2) spinning the BRU by forced gas injection. The first method requires the use of an auxiliary electrical power source. An alternating voltage is applied to the terminals of the alternator to drive it as an induction motor. Only gas-injection starts are discussed in this report. The gas-injection starting method requires high-pressure gas storage and valves to route the gas flow to provide correct BRU rotation. An analog computer simulation was used to size hardware and to determine safe start and shutdown procedures. The simulation was also used to define the range of conditions for successful startups. Experimental data were also obtained under various test conditions. These data verify the validity of the start and shutdown procedures.

75 FR 22868 - Withdrawal of Regulatory Guide

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-30

... Characterization of Seismic Sources and Determination of Safe Shutdown Earthquake Ground Motion.'' FOR FURTHER.... Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is withdrawing RG 1.165, ``Identification and Characterization of... alter the licensing basis of any currently operating reactor or any of the currently issued early site...

Volcanic ash hazards and aviation risk: Chapter 4

USGS Publications Warehouse

Guffanti, Marianne C.; Tupper, Andrew C.

2015-01-01

The risks to safe and efficient air travel from volcanic-ash hazards are well documented and widely recognized. Under the aegis of the International Civil Aviation Organization, globally coordinated mitigation procedures are in place to report explosive eruptions, detect airborne ash clouds and forecast their expected movement, and issue specialized messages to warn aircraft away from hazardous airspace. This mitigation framework is based on the integration of scientific and technical capabilities worldwide in volcanology, meteorology, and atmospheric physics and chemistry. The 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull volcano in Iceland, which led to a nearly week-long shutdown of air travel into and out of Europe, has prompted the aviation industry, regulators, and scientists to work more closely together to improve how hazardous airspace is defined and communicated. Volcanic ash will continue to threaten aviation and scientific research will continue to influence the risk-mitigation framework.

Vapor-Compression Heat Pumps for Operation Aboard Spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ruemmele, Warren; Ungar, Eugene; Cornwell, John

2006-01-01

Vapor-compression heat pumps (including both refrigerators and heat pumps) of a proposed type would be capable of operating in microgravity and would be safe to use in enclosed environments like those of spacecraft. The designs of these pumps would incorporate modifications of, and additions to, vapor-compression cycles of heat pumps now used in normal Earth gravitation, in order to ensure efficiency and reliability during all phases of operation, including startup, shutdown, nominal continuous operation, and peak operation. Features of such a design might include any or all of the following: (1) Configuring the compressor, condenser, evaporator, valves, capillary tubes (if any), and controls to function in microgravitation; (2) Selection of a working fluid that satisfies thermodynamic requirements and is safe to use in a closed crew compartment; (3) Incorporation of a solenoid valve and/or a check valve to prevent influx of liquid to the compressor upon startup (such influx could damage the compressor); (4) Use of a diode heat pipe between the cold volume and the evaporator to limit the influx of liquid to the compressor upon startup; and (5) Use of a heated block to vaporize any liquid that arrives at the compressor inlet.

Jet pump-drive system for heat removal

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

French, J. R. (Inventor)

1985-01-01

A jet pump, in combination with a TEMP, is employed to assure safe cooling of a nuclear reactor after shutdown. A TEMP, responsive to the heat from the coolant in the secondary flow path, automatically pumps the withdrawn coolant to a higher pressure and thus higher velocity compared to the main flow. The high velocity coolant is applied as a driver flow for the jet pump which has a main flow chamber located in the main flow circulation pump. Upon nuclear shutdown and loss of power for the main reactor pumping system, the TEMP/jet pump combination continues to boost the coolant flow in the direction it is already circulating. During the decay time for the nuclear reactor, the jet pump keeps running until the coolant temperature drops to a lower and safe temperature. At this lower temperature, the TEMP/jet jump combination ceases its circulation boosting operation. The TEMP/jet pump combination is automatic, self-regulating and provides an emergency pumping system free of moving parts.

Passive air cooling of liquid metal-cooled reactor with double vessel leak accommodation capability

DOEpatents

Hunsbedt, A.; Boardman, C.E.

1995-04-11

A passive and inherent shutdown heat removal method with a backup air flow path which allows decay heat removal following a postulated double vessel leak event in a liquid metal-cooled nuclear reactor is disclosed. The improved reactor design incorporates the following features: (1) isolation capability of the reactor cavity environment in the event that simultaneous leaks develop in both the reactor and containment vessels; (2) a reactor silo liner tank which insulates the concrete silo from the leaked sodium, thereby preserving the silo`s structural integrity; and (3) a second, independent air cooling flow path via tubes submerged in the leaked sodium which will maintain shutdown heat removal after the normal flow path has been isolated. 5 figures.

Passive air cooling of liquid metal-cooled reactor with double vessel leak accommodation capability

DOEpatents

Hunsbedt, Anstein; Boardman, Charles E.

1995-01-01

A passive and inherent shutdown heat removal method with a backup air flow path which allows decay heat removal following a postulated double vessel leak event in a liquid metal-cooled nuclear reactor. The improved reactor design incorporates the following features: (1) isolation capability of the reactor cavity environment in the event that simultaneous leaks develop in both the reactor and containment vessels; (2) a reactor silo liner tank which insulates the concrete silo from the leaked sodium, thereby preserving the silo's structural integrity; and (3) a second, independent air cooling flow path via tubes submerged in the leaked sodium which will maintain shutdown heat removal after the normal flow path has been isolated.

Self-actuated shutdown-system development: system response-analysis status

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Deane, N.A.; Gregoire, K.E.; Tatsumi, J.T.

1980-09-01

This report provides a preliminary evaluation of the SASS response time requirements for the safe shutdown earthquake (SSE), the flow coastdown (FCD), and two transient overpower (TOP) events. The driving functions for the SSE are a 20 cent step reactivity insertion with a +- 60 cent oscillation super imposed for 10 seconds combined with a flow coastdown defined by F/F/sub (0)/ = 1/(1+.2788t). The driving function of the FCD is just the relative flow curve defined above for the SSE. The TOP event driving function represents a control rod runout to a total of 60 cents at ramp rates ofmore » .76 cents/s and 6.1 cents/s. 3 figures.« less

78 FR 39571 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-02

... 2800, Aircraft Fuel System. (e) Unsafe Condition This AD was prompted by reports of two in-service... system, followed by loss of fuel system suction feed capability on one engine, and in-flight shutdown of... and correct loss of the engine fuel suction feed capability of the fuel system, which, in the event of...

78 FR 14722 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-07

... capability on one engine, and in-flight shutdown of the engine. This action revises that NPRM by proposing to... maintenance planning data (MPD) document. We are proposing this supplemental NPRM to detect and correct... feed system, followed by loss of fuel system suction feed capability on one engine, and in-flight...

MODFLOW 2.0: A program for predicting moderator flow patterns

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peterson, P. F.; Paik, I. K.

1991-07-01

Sudden changes in the temperature of flowing liquids can result in transient buoyancy forces which strongly impact the flow hydrodynamics via flow stratification. These effects have been studied for the case of potential flow of stratified liquids to line sinks, but not for moderator flow in SRS reactors. Standard codes, such as TRAC and COMMIX, do not have the capability to capture the stratification effect, due to strong numerical diffusion which smears away the hot/cold fluid interface. A related problem with standard codes is the inability to track plumes injected into the liquid flow, again due to numerical diffusion. The combined effects of buoyant stratification and plume dispersion have been identified as being important in the operation of the Supplementary Safety System which injects neutron-poison ink into SRS reactors to provide safe shutdown in the event of safety rod failure. The MODFLOW code discussed here provides transient moderator flow pattern information with stratification effects, and tracks the location of ink plumes in the reactor. The code, written in Fortran, is compiled for Macintosh II computers, and includes subroutines for interactive control and graphical output. Removing the graphics capabilities, the code can also be compiled on other computers. With graphics, in addition to the capability to perform safety related computations, MODFLOW also provides an easy tool for becoming familiar with flow distributions in SRS reactors.

33 CFR 154.812 - Facility requirements for vessel liquid overfill protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... intrinsically safe cargo tank level sensor system complying with 46 CFR 39.20-9(b) as its only means of overfill... shutdown signal from the cargo tank level sensor system that: (1) Closes the remotely operated cargo vapor...) Electrical continuity of the cargo tank level sensor system is lost; (2) Activates an alarm which is audible...

33 CFR 154.812 - Facility requirements for vessel liquid overfill protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... intrinsically safe cargo tank level sensor system complying with 46 CFR 39.20-9(b) as its only means of overfill... shutdown signal from the cargo tank level sensor system that: (1) Closes the remotely operated cargo vapor...) Electrical continuity of the cargo tank level sensor system is lost; (2) Activates an alarm which is audible...

33 CFR 154.812 - Facility requirements for vessel liquid overfill protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... intrinsically safe cargo tank level sensor system complying with 46 CFR 39.20-9(b) as its only means of overfill... shutdown signal from the cargo tank level sensor system that: (1) Closes the remotely operated cargo vapor...) Electrical continuity of the cargo tank level sensor system is lost; (2) Activates an alarm which is audible...

Shutdown characteristics of the Mod-O wind turbine with aileron controls

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, D. R.; Corrigan, R. D.

1984-01-01

Horizontal-axis wind turbines utilize partial or full variable blade pitch to regulate rotor speed. The weight and costs of these systems indicated a need for alternate methods of rotor control. Aileron control is an alternative which has potential to meet this need. The NASA Lewis Research Center has been experimentally testing aileron control rotors on the Mod-U wind turbine to determine their power regulation and shutdown characteristics. Experimental and analytical shutdown test results are presented for a 38 percent chord aileron-control rotor. These results indicated that the 38 percent chord ailerons provided overspeed protection over the entire Mod-O operational windspeed range, and had a no-load equilibrium tip speed ratio of 1.9. Thus, the 38 percent chord ailerons had much improved aerodynamic braking capability when compared with the first aileron-control rotor having 20 percent chord ailerons.

COS FUV Recovery after Anomalous Shutdown

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wheeler, Thomas

2013-10-01

This proposal consists of the steps for turning on and ramping up the COS FUV high voltage in a safe and conservative manner after a HV anomalous shutdown by executing a "reduced set" of visits from Cycle 19 Proposal 12810. The nature of the shutdown, i.e., over-light, HV current transient {"crackle"}, ion feedback {induced by a high energy particle}, or field emission {possibly caused by dust or other particulate on the QE grid or other close-by structure or hardware}, and the value of the commanded HV at the time of the shutdown will determine what visits are executed. Because of gain sag, commanded HV settings updates may be required. First, prior to execution of this proposal or selected visits from this proposal, all preliminary steps should be exercised to gather the necessary diagnostic data, e.g., science data evaluation {if a science exposure was in progress and the science data is available}, memory dumps {DCE, EXEC RAM, and possibly the CS BUFFER}, engineering telemetry, or other information that might provide insight as to the nature of the shutdown and estimated count rate. The complete step-by-step procedure is detailed in the Observing Description, but in summary, the following is done:Day 01 activities, visits 01-07, contain both QE grid off and on HV ramping to HVLow {100/100} with diagnostics {DCE dumps} and darks to exclude QE grid involvement in the shutdown. Subsequent to day 01, all HV ramping will be with the QE grid on with the same diagnostics and exposures. All days end with the setting of COS event flag 3 to prevent any FUV HV commanding.Time is allotted for cognizant detector and COS instrument scientist and engineers to examine data dumps, science exposures, and engineering telemetry. If all is well, the go-ahead will be given to clear flag 3 for the next day's visits.This proposal is modeled after the Cycle 20 Proposal 13129.

The analysis of ballistic capabilities for countering disturbances associated with temporary emergency electric propulsion shutdown

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Konstantinov, M. S.; Nguyen, D. N.

2016-12-01

The paper analyzes the possibility for countering ballistic perturbations of the interplanetary transfer trajectory of the spacecraft with electric propulsion (EP) associated with the temporary impossibility of the normal use of the EP in phases of the heliocentric transfer. The main result of the present study is the method for the determination of a new nominal trajectory, at any point of which the allowed duration of the emergency shutdown of electric propulsion is large enough. The numerical analysis is given for one of the possible scenarios of spacecraft injection into the operational heliocentric orbit for solar research.

Modeling of Electrical Cable Failure in a Dynamic Assessment of Fire Risk

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bucknor, Matthew D.

Fires at a nuclear power plant are a safety concern because of their potential to defeat the redundant safety features that provide a high level of assurance of the ability to safely shutdown the plant. One of the added complexities of providing protection against fires is the need to determine the likelihood of electrical cable failure which can lead to the loss of the ability to control or spurious actuation of equipment that is required for safe shutdown. A number of plants are now transitioning from their deterministic fire protection programs to a risk-informed, performance based fire protection program according to the requirements of National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 805. Within a risk-informed framework, credit can be taken for the analysis of fire progression within a fire zone that was not permissible within the deterministic framework of a 10 CFR 50.48 Appendix R safe shutdown analysis. To perform the analyses required for the transition, plants need to be able to demonstrate with some level of assurance that cables related to safe shutdown equipment will not be compromised during postulated fire scenarios. This research contains the development of new cable failure models that have the potential to more accurately predict electrical cable failure in common cable bundle configurations. Methods to determine the thermal properties of the new models from empirical data are presented along with comparisons between the new models and existing techniques used in the nuclear industry today. A Dynamic Event Tree (DET) methodology is also presented which allows for the proper treatment of uncertainties associated with fire brigade intervention and its effects on cable failure analysis. Finally a shielding analysis is performed to determine the effects on the temperature response of a cable bundle that is shielded from a fire source by an intervening object such as another cable tray. The results from the analyses demonstrate that models of similar complexity to existing cable failure techniques and tuned to empirical data can better approximate the temperature response of a cables located in tightly packed cable bundles. The new models also provide a way to determine the conditions insides a cable bundle which allows for separate treatment of cables on the interior of the bundle from cables on the exterior of the bundle. The results from the DET analysis show that the overall assessed probability of cable failure can be significantly reduced by more realistically accounting for the influence that the fire brigade has on a fire progression scenario. The shielding analysis results demonstrate a significant reduction in the temperature response of a shielded versus a non-shielded cable bundle; however the computational cost of using a fire progression model that can capture these effects may be prohibitive for performing DET analyses with currently available computational fluid dynamics models and computational resources.

Development status of solid polymer electrolyte water electrolysis for manned spacecraft life support systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nuttall, L. J.; Titterington, W. A.

1974-01-01

Details of the design and system verification test results are presented for a six-man-rated oxygen generation system. The system configuration incorporates components and instrumentation for computer-controlled operation with automatic start-up/shutdown sequencing, fault detection and isolation, and with self-contained sensors and controls for automatic safe emergency shutdown. All fluid and electrical components, sensors, and electronic controls are designed to be easily maintainable under zero-gravity conditions. On-board component spares are utilized in the system concept to sustain long-term operation (six months minimum) in a manned spacecraft application. The system is centered on a 27-cell solid polymer electrolyte water electrolysis module which, combined with the associated system components and controls, forms a total system envelope 40 in. high, 40 in. wide, and 30 in. deep.

Optimization of startup and shutdown operation of simulated moving bed chromatographic processes.

PubMed

Li, Suzhou; Kawajiri, Yoshiaki; Raisch, Jörg; Seidel-Morgenstern, Andreas

2011-06-24

This paper presents new multistage optimal startup and shutdown strategies for simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatographic processes. The proposed concept allows to adjust transient operating conditions stage-wise, and provides capability to improve transient performance and to fulfill product quality specifications simultaneously. A specially tailored decomposition algorithm is developed to ensure computational tractability of the resulting dynamic optimization problems. By examining the transient operation of a literature separation example characterized by nonlinear competitive isotherm, the feasibility of the solution approach is demonstrated, and the performance of the conventional and multistage optimal transient regimes is evaluated systematically. The quantitative results clearly show that the optimal operating policies not only allow to significantly reduce both duration of the transient phase and desorbent consumption, but also enable on-spec production even during startup and shutdown periods. With the aid of the developed transient procedures, short-term separation campaigns with small batch sizes can be performed more flexibly and efficiently by SMB chromatography. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Interpretations of de-orbit, deactivation, and shutdown guidelines applicable to GEO satellites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Honda, L.; Perkins, J.; Sun, Sheng

As the population of space debris in orbit around the Earth grows, the probability for catastrophic collisions increases. Many agencies such as the IADC, FCC, and UN have proposed space debris mitigation guidelines or recommendations. For example, a minimum increase in perigee altitude of 235km + (1000 Cr A / m) where Cr is the solar radiation pressure coefficient, A/m is the aspect area to dry mass ratio, and 235 km is the sum of the upper altitude of the geostationary orbit (GEO) protected region (200 km) and the maximum descent of a re-orbited spacecraft due to lunar-solar & geopotential perturbations (35 km) with an eccentricity less than or equal to 0.003. While this particular recommendation is reasonably straightforward, the assumptions an operator chooses may change the result by 25 km. Other recommendations are more ambiguous. For example, once the space vehicle has been de-orbited to the required altitude, all on-board stored energy sources must be discharged by venting propellants and pressurants, discharging batteries and disabling the ability to charge them, and performing other appropriate measures. “ Vented” is not usually defined. In addition, the broadcasting capability of the spacecraft must be disabled. Boeing and its customers are working together to devise de-orbit and deactivation sequences that meet the spirit of the recommendations. This paper derives and proposes a generic minimum deorbit altitude, appropriate depletion and venting pressures based on tank design, propellant and pressurant type, and an acceptable shutdown procedure and final configuration that avoid interference with those still in the GEO belt well into the future. The goal of this paper is to open a dialogue with the global community to establish reasonable guidelines that are straightforward, safe, and achievable before an absolute requirement is set.

75 FR 20868 - Notice of Issuance of Regulatory Guide

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-21

...: Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice of Issuance and Availability of Regulatory Guide 1.68.2... Water-Cooled Nuclear Power Plants.'' FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mark P. Orr, Regulatory Guide... Shutdown Capability for Water-Cooled Nuclear Power Plants,'' was issued with a temporary identification as...

Acquisition system environmental effects study. [for capillary-screen propellant retention devices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

The effects of vibration, warm gas exposure, and feed system startup/shutdown fluid dynamics on capillary-screen propellant retention capabilities are quantified. The existing technology is extended to the point where quantitative conlusions in terms of design criteria may be drawn.

The radiation asymmetry in MGI rapid shutdown on J-TEXT tokamak

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tong, Ruihai; Chen, Zhongyong; Huang, Duwei; Cheng, Zhifeng; Zhang, Xiaolong; Zhuang, Ge; J-TEXT Team

2017-10-01

Disruptions, the sudden termination of tokamak fusion plasmas by instabilities, have the potential to cause severe material wall damage to large tokamaks like ITER. The mitigation of disruption damage is an essential part of any fusion reactor system. Massive gas injection (MGI) rapid shutdown is a technique in which large amounts of noble gas are injected into the plasma in order to safely radiate the plasma energy evenly over the entire plasma-facing first wall. However, the radiated energy during the thermal quench (TQ) in massive gas injection (MGI) induced disruptions is found toroidal asymmetric, and the degrees of asymmetry correlate with the gas penetration and MGI induced magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) activities. A toroidal and poloidal array of ultraviolet photodiodes (AXUV) has been developed to investigate the radiation asymmetry on J-TEXT tokamak. Together with the upgraded mirnov probe arrays, the relation between MGI triggered MHD activities with radiation asymmetry is studied.

Thermal-hydraulic simulation of natural convection decay heat removal in the High Flux Isotope Reactor using RELAP5 and TEMPEST: Part 1, Models and simulation results

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Morris, D.G.; Wendel, M.W.; Chen, N.C.J.

A study was conducted to examine decay heat removal requirements in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) following shutdown from 85 MW. The objective of the study was to determine when forced flow through the core could be terminated without causing the fuel to melt. This question is particularly relevant when a station blackout caused by an external event is considered. Analysis of natural circulation in the core, vessel upper plenum, and reactor pool indicates that 12 h of forced flow will permit a safe shutdown with some margin. However, uncertainties in the analysis preclude conclusive proof that 12 hmore » is sufficient. As a result of the study, two seismically qualified diesel generators were installed in HFIR. 9 refs., 4 figs.« less

78 FR 52838 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-27

... Maintenance Planning Data (MPD) Document. Repeat the test thereafter at intervals not to exceed 7,500 flight... by loss of fuel system suction feed capability on one engine, and in-flight shutdown of the engine...-101, before further flight, perform all related testing and corrective actions, and repeat the...

78 FR 46532 - Airworthiness Directives; the Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-01

... capability on one engine, and in-flight shutdown of the engine. This action revises that NPRM by proposing to... maintenance planning data (MPD) document, and to remove airplanes from the applicability. We are proposing... Planning Data (MPD) Document. Among other things, Section 9 describes AWL No. 28-AWL-101, Engine Fuel...

Dynamics of heat-pipe reactors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Niederauer, G. F.

1971-01-01

A split-core heat pipe reactor, fueled with either U(233)C or U(235)C in a tungsten cermet and cooled by 7-Li-W heat pipes, was examined for the effects of the heat pipes on reactor while trying to safely absorb large reactivity inputs through inherent shutdown mechanisms. Limits on ramp reactivity inputs due to fuel melting temperature and heat pipe wall heat flux were mapped for the reactor in both startup and at-power operating modes.

Jet pump-drive system for heat removal

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

French, James R. (Inventor)

1987-01-01

The invention does away with the necessity of moving parts such as a check valve in a nuclear reactor cooling system. Instead, a jet pump, in combination with a TEMP, is employed to assure safe cooling of a nuclear reactor after shutdown. A main flow exists for a reactor coolant. A point of withdrawal is provided for a secondary flow. A TEMP, responsive to the heat from said coolant in the secondary flow path, automatically pumps said withdrawn coolant to a higher pressure and thus higher velocity compared to the main flow. The high velocity coolant is applied as a driver flow for the jet pump which has a main flow chamber located in the main flow circulation pump. Upon nuclear shutdown and loss of power for the main reactor pumping system, the TEMP/jet pump combination continues to boost the coolant flow in the direction it is already circulating. During the decay time for the nuclear reactor, the jet pump keeps running until the coolant temperature drops to a lower and safe temperature where the heat is no longer a problem. At this lower temperature, the TEMP/jet pump combination ceases its circulation boosting operation. When the nuclear reactor is restarted and the coolant again exceeds the lower temperature setting, the TEMP/jet pump automatically resumes operation. The TEMP/jet pump combination is thus automatic, self-regulating and provides an emergency pumping system free of moving parts.

ARE660 Wind Generator: Low Wind Speed Technology for Small Turbine Development

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Robert W. Preus; DOE Project Officer - Keith Bennett

2008-04-23

This project is for the design of a wind turbine that can generate most or all of the net energy required for homes and small businesses in moderately windy areas. The purpose is to expand the current market for residential wind generators by providing cost effective power in a lower wind regime than current technology has made available, as well as reduce noise and improve reliability and safety. Robert W. Preus’ experience designing and/or maintaining residential wind generators of many configurations helped identify the need for an improved experience of safety for the consumer. Current small wind products have unreliablemore » or no method of stopping the wind generator in fault or high wind conditions. Consumers and their neighbors do not want to hear their wind generators. In addition, with current technology, only sites with unusually high wind speeds provide payback times that are acceptable for the on-grid user. Abundant Renewable Energy’s (ARE) basic original concept for the ARE660 was a combination of a stall controlled variable speed small wind generator and automatic fail safe furling for shutdown. The stall control for a small wind generator is not novel, but has not been developed for a variable speed application with a permanent magnet alternator (PMA). The fail safe furling approach for shutdown has not been used to our knowledge.« less

Pinellas Plant annual site environmental report for calendar year 1995

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1996-05-01

Lockheed Martin Specialty Components, Inc., and the US Department of Energy are committed to successfully administering a high-quality Environmental, Safety and Health Program at the Pinellas Plant in Pinellas County, Florida. Part of this commitment includes accurately documenting and communicating to the Pinellas Plant stakeholders the results of the Pinellas Plant`s environmental compliance and monitoring activities. The Annual Site Environmental Report presents a comprehensive summary of the results of the Environmental Monitoring, Waste Management, and Environmental Restoration Programs at the Pinellas Plant for 1995. This report also includes the plant`s performance in the areas of compliance with applicable regulatory requirementsmore » and standards and identifies major Environmental, Safety and Health Program initiatives and accomplishments for 1995. As a result of the end of the Department of Energy`s Defense Programs mission (weapons production) on September 30, 1994, considerable changes at the Pinellas Plant are occurring. The Department of Energy`s Environmental Management is now the landlord of the Pinellas Plant to facilitate the plant`s new mission of transition to alternate use in support of economic development and safe shutdown. The Department of Energy sold the Pinellas Plant to the Pinellas County Industry Council in March 1995, and it is leasing back a portion of the plant through September 1997, to complete the safe shutdown and transition activities.« less

Flow reversal power limit for the HFBR

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cheng, L.Y.; Tichler, P.R.

The High Flux Beam Reactor (HFBR) is a pressurized heavy water moderated and cooled research reactor that began operation at 40 MW. The reactor was subsequently upgraded to 60 MW and operated at that level for several years. The reactor undergoes a buoyancy-driven reversal of flow in the reactor core following certain postulated accidents. Questions which were raised about the afterheat removal capability during the flow reversal transition led to a reactor shutdown and subsequent resumption of operation at a reduced power of 30 MW. An experimental and analytical program to address these questions is described in this report. Themore » experiments were single channel flow reversal tests under a range of conditions. The analytical phase involved simulations of the tests to benchmark the physical models and development of a criterion for dryout. The criterion is then used in simulations of reactor accidents to determine a safe operating power level. It is concluded that the limit on the HFBR operating power with respect to the issue of flow reversal is in excess of 60 MW. Direct use of the experimental results and an understanding of the governing phenomenology supports this conclusion.« less

MyShake: A smartphone seismic network for earthquake early warning and beyond

PubMed Central

Kong, Qingkai; Allen, Richard M.; Schreier, Louis; Kwon, Young-Woo

2016-01-01

Large magnitude earthquakes in urban environments continue to kill and injure tens to hundreds of thousands of people, inflicting lasting societal and economic disasters. Earthquake early warning (EEW) provides seconds to minutes of warning, allowing people to move to safe zones and automated slowdown and shutdown of transit and other machinery. The handful of EEW systems operating around the world use traditional seismic and geodetic networks that exist only in a few nations. Smartphones are much more prevalent than traditional networks and contain accelerometers that can also be used to detect earthquakes. We report on the development of a new type of seismic system, MyShake, that harnesses personal/private smartphone sensors to collect data and analyze earthquakes. We show that smartphones can record magnitude 5 earthquakes at distances of 10 km or less and develop an on-phone detection capability to separate earthquakes from other everyday shakes. Our proof-of-concept system then collects earthquake data at a central site where a network detection algorithm confirms that an earthquake is under way and estimates the location and magnitude in real time. This information can then be used to issue an alert of forthcoming ground shaking. MyShake could be used to enhance EEW in regions with traditional networks and could provide the only EEW capability in regions without. In addition, the seismic waveforms recorded could be used to deliver rapid microseism maps, study impacts on buildings, and possibly image shallow earth structure and earthquake rupture kinematics. PMID:26933682

MyShake: A smartphone seismic network for earthquake early warning and beyond.

PubMed

Kong, Qingkai; Allen, Richard M; Schreier, Louis; Kwon, Young-Woo

2016-02-01

Large magnitude earthquakes in urban environments continue to kill and injure tens to hundreds of thousands of people, inflicting lasting societal and economic disasters. Earthquake early warning (EEW) provides seconds to minutes of warning, allowing people to move to safe zones and automated slowdown and shutdown of transit and other machinery. The handful of EEW systems operating around the world use traditional seismic and geodetic networks that exist only in a few nations. Smartphones are much more prevalent than traditional networks and contain accelerometers that can also be used to detect earthquakes. We report on the development of a new type of seismic system, MyShake, that harnesses personal/private smartphone sensors to collect data and analyze earthquakes. We show that smartphones can record magnitude 5 earthquakes at distances of 10 km or less and develop an on-phone detection capability to separate earthquakes from other everyday shakes. Our proof-of-concept system then collects earthquake data at a central site where a network detection algorithm confirms that an earthquake is under way and estimates the location and magnitude in real time. This information can then be used to issue an alert of forthcoming ground shaking. MyShake could be used to enhance EEW in regions with traditional networks and could provide the only EEW capability in regions without. In addition, the seismic waveforms recorded could be used to deliver rapid microseism maps, study impacts on buildings, and possibly image shallow earth structure and earthquake rupture kinematics.

Dynamic Detection of Malicious Code in COTS Software

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-04-01

run the following documented hostile applets or ActiveX of these tools work only on mobile code (Java, ActiveX , controls: 16-11 Hostile Applets Tiny...Killer App Exploder Runner ActiveX Check Spy eSafe Protect Desktop 9/9 blocked NB B NB 13/17 blocked NB Surfinshield Online 9/9 blocked NB B B 13/17...Exploder is an ActiveX control top (@). that performs a clean shutdown of your computer. The interface is attractive, although rather complex, as McLain’s

Pinellas Plant Environmental Baseline Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

The Pinellas Plant has been part of the Department of Energy`s (DOE) nuclear weapons complex since the plant opened in 1957. In March 1995, the DOE sold the Pinellas Plant to the Pinellas County Industry Council (PCIC). DOE has leased back a large portion of the plant site to facilitate transition to alternate use and safe shutdown. The current mission is to achieve a safe transition of the facility from defense production and prepare the site for alternative uses as a community resource for economic development. Toward that effort, the Pinellas Plant Environmental Baseline Report (EBR) discusses the current andmore » past environmental conditions of the plant site. Information for the EBR is obtained from plant records. Historical process and chemical usage information for each area is reviewed during area characterizations.« less

Fuel cell system logic for differentiating between rapid and normal shutdown commands

DOEpatents

Keskula, Donald H.; Doan, Tien M.; Clingerman, Bruce J.

2000-01-01

A method of controlling the operation of a fuel cell system wherein each shutdown command for the system is subjected to decision logic which determines whether the command should be a normal shutdown command or rapid shutdown command. If the logic determines that the shutdown command should be a normal shutdown command, then the system is shutdown in a normal step-by-step process in which the hydrogen stream is consumed within the system. If the logic determines that the shutdown command should be a rapid shutdown command, the hydrogen stream is removed from the system either by dumping to atmosphere or routing to storage.

Self-actuating reactor shutdown system

DOEpatents

Barrus, Donald M.; Brummond, Willian A; Peterson, Leslie F.

1988-01-01

A control system for the automatic or self-actuated shutdown or "scram" of a nuclear reactor. The system is capable of initiating scram insertion by a signal from the plant protection system or by independent action directly sensing reactor conditions of low-flow or over-power. Self-actuation due to a loss of reactor coolant flow results from a decrease of pressure differential between the upper and lower ends of an absorber element. When the force due to this differential falls below the weight of the element, the element will fall by gravitational force to scram the reactor. Self-actuation due to high neutron flux is accomplished via a valve controlled by an electromagnet and a thermionic diode. In a reactor over-power, the diode will be heated to a change of state causing the electromagnet to be shorted thereby actuating the valve which provides the changed flow and pressure conditions required for scramming the absorber element.

ESBWR response to an extended station blackout/loss of all AC power

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barrett, A. J.; Marquino, W.

2012-07-01

U.S. federal regulations require light water cooled nuclear power plants to cope with Station Blackouts for a predetermined amount of time based on design factors for the plant. U.S. regulations define Station Blackout (SBO) as a loss of the offsite electric power system concurrent with turbine trip and unavailability of the onsite emergency AC power system. According to U.S. regulations, typically the coping period for an SBO is 4 hours and can be as long as 16 hours for currently operating BWR plants. Being able to cope with an SBO and loss of all AC power is required by internationalmore » regulators as well. The U.S. licensing basis for the ESBWR is a coping period of 72 hours for an SBO based on U.S. NRC requirements for passive safety plants. In the event of an extended SBO (viz., greater than 72 hours), the ESBWR response shows that the design is able to cope with the event for at least 7 days without AC electrical power or operator action. ESBWR is a Generation III+ reactor design with an array of passive safety systems. The ESBWR primary success path for mitigation of an SBO event is the Isolation Condenser System (ICS). The ICS is a passive, closed loop, safety system that initiates automatically on a loss of power. Upon Station Blackout or loss of all AC power, the ICS begins removing decay heat from the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) by (i) condensing the steam into water in heat exchangers located in pools of water above the containment, and (ii) transferring the decay heat to the atmosphere. The condensed water is then returned by gravity to cool the reactor again. The ICS alone is capable of maintaining the ESBWR in a safe shutdown condition after an SBO for an extended period. The fuel remains covered throughout the SBO event. The ICS is able to remove decay heat from the RPV for at least 7 days and maintains the reactor in a safe shutdown condition. The water level in the RPV remains well above the top of active fuel for the duration of the SBO event. Beyond 7 days, only a few simple actions are needed to cope with the SBO for an indefinite amount of time. The operation of the ICS as the primary success path for mitigation of an SBO, allows for near immediate plant restart once power is restored. (authors)« less

Status of the Consolidation of the LHC Superconducting Magnets and Circuits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tock, J. Ph; Atieh, S.; Bodart, D.; Bordry, F.; Bourcey, N.; Cruikshank, P.; Dahlerup-Petersen, K.; Dalin, J. M.; Garion, C.; Musso, A.; Ostojic, R.; Perin, A.; Pojer, M.; Savary, F.; Scheuerlein, C.

2014-05-01

The first LHC long shutdown (LS1) started in February 2013. It was triggered by the need to consolidate the 13 kA splices between the superconducting magnets to allow the LHC to reach safely its design energy of 14 TeV center of mass. The final design of the consolidated splices is recalled. 1695 interconnections containing 10 170 splices have to be opened. In addition to the work on the 13 kA splices, the other interventions performed during the first long shut-down on all the superconducting circuits are described. All this work has been structured in a project, gathering about 280 persons. The opening of the interconnections started in April 2013 and consolidation works are planned to be completed by August 2014. This paper describes first the preparation phase with the building of the teams and the detailed planning of the operation. Then, it gives feedback from the worksite, namely lessons learnt and adaptations that were implemented, both from the technical and organizational points of view. Finally, perspectives for the completion of this consolidation campaign are given.

Advanced wind turbine with lift cancelling aileron for shutdown

DOEpatents

Coleman, Clint; Juengst, Theresa M.; Zuteck, Michael D.

1996-06-18

An advanced aileron configuration for wind turbine rotors featuring an independent, lift generating aileron connected to the rotor blade. The aileron has an airfoil profile which is inverted relative to the airfoil profile of the main section of the rotor blade. The inverted airfoil profile of the aileron allows the aileron to be used for strong positive control of the rotation of the rotor while deflected to angles within a control range of angles. The aileron functions as a separate, lift generating body when deflected to angles within a shutdown range of angles, generating lift with a component acting in the direction opposite the direction of rotation of the rotor. Thus, the aileron can be used to shut down rotation of the rotor. The profile of the aileron further allows the center of rotation to be located within the envelope of the aileron, at or near the centers of pressure and mass of the aileron. The location of the center of rotation optimizes aerodynamically and gyroscopically induced hinge moments and provides a fail safe configuration.

Advanced wind turbine with lift-destroying aileron for shutdown

DOEpatents

Coleman, Clint; Juengst, Theresa M.; Zuteck, Michael D.

1996-06-18

An advanced aileron configuration for wind turbine rotors featuring an aileron with a bottom surface that slopes upwardly at an angle toward the nose region of the aileron. The aileron rotates about a center of rotation which is located within the envelope of the aileron, but does not protrude substantially into the air flowing past the aileron while the aileron is deflected to angles within a control range of angles. This allows for strong positive control of the rotation of the rotor. When the aileron is rotated to angles within a shutdown range of deflection angles, lift-destroying, turbulence-producing cross-flow of air through a flow gap, and turbulence created by the aileron, create sufficient drag to stop rotation of the rotor assembly. The profile of the aileron further allows the center of rotation to be located within the envelope of the aileron, at or near the centers of pressure and mass of the aileron. The location of the center of rotation optimizes aerodynamically and gyroscopically induced hinge moments and provides a fail safe configuration.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Callahan, J.P.; Canonico, D.A.; Richardson, M.

The thermal cylinder experiment was designed both to provide information for evaluating the capability of analytical methods to predict the time-dependent stress-strain behavior of a /sup 1///sub 6/-scale model of the barrel section of a single-cavity prestressed concrete reactor vessel and to demonstrate the structural behavior under design and off-design thermal conditions. The model was a thick-walled cylinder having a height of 1.22 m, a thickness of 0.46 m, and an outer diameter of 2.06 m. It was prestressed both axially and circumferentially and subjected to 4.83 MPa internal pressure together with a thermal crossfall imposed by heating the innermore » surface to 338.8 K and cooling the outer surface to 297.1 K. The initial 460 days of testing were divided into time periods that simulated prestressing, heatup, reactor operation, and shutdown. At the conclusion of the simulated operating period, the model was repressurized and subjected to localized heating at 505.4 K for 84 days to produce an off-design hot-spot condition. Comparisons of experimental data with calculated values obtained using the SAFE-CRACK finite-element computer program showed that the program was capable of predicting time-dependent behavior in a vessel subjected to normal operating conditions, but that it was unable to accurately predict the behavior during off-design hot-spot heating. Readings made using a neutron and gamma-ray backscattering moisture probe showed little, if any, migration of moisture in the concrete cross section. Destructive examination indicated that the model maintained its basic structural integrity during localized hot-spot heating.« less

40 CFR 63.1111 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. 63... Control Technology Standards § 63.1111 Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (a) Startup, shutdown, and... develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan that describes, in detail, procedures for...

40 CFR 63.1111 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. 63... Control Technology Standards § 63.1111 Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (a) Startup, shutdown, and... develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan that describes, in detail, procedures for...

40 CFR 63.1111 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. 63... Control Technology Standards § 63.1111 Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (a) Startup, shutdown, and... develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan that describes, in detail, procedures for...

40 CFR 63.1111 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. 63... Control Technology Standards § 63.1111 Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (a) Startup, shutdown, and... develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan that describes, in detail, procedures for...

LMFBR system-wide transient analysis: the state of the art and US validation needs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Khatib-Rahbar, M.; Guppy, J.G.; Cerbone, R.J.

1982-01-01

This paper summarizes the computational capabilities in the area of liquid metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) system-wide transient analysis in the United States, identifies various numerical and physical approximations, the degree of empiricism, range of applicability, model verification and experimental needs for a wide class of protected transients, in particular, natural circulation shutdown heat removal for both loop- and pool-type plants.

PUREX/UO{sub 3} deactivation project management plan

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Washenfelder, D.J.

1993-12-01

From 1955 through 1990, the Plutonium-Uranium Extraction Plant (PUREX) provided the United States Department of Energy Hanford Site with nuclear fuel reprocessing capability. It operated in sequence with the Uranium Trioxide (UO{sub 3}) Plant, which converted the PUREX liquid uranium nitrate product to solid UO{sub 3} powder. Final UO{sub 3} Plant operation ended in 1993. In December 1992, planning was initiated for the deactivation of PUREX and UO{sub 3} Plant. The objective of deactivation planning was to identify the activities needed to establish a passively safe, environmentally secure configuration at both plants, and ensure that the configuration could be retainedmore » during the post-deactivation period. The PUREX/UO{sub 3} Deactivation Project management plan represents completion of the planning efforts. It presents the deactivation approach to be used for the two plants, and the supporting technical, cost, and schedule baselines. Deactivation activities concentrate on removal, reduction, and stabilization of the radioactive and chemical materials remaining at the plants, and the shutdown of the utilities and effluents. When deactivation is completed, the two plants will be left unoccupied and locked, pending eventual decontamination and decommissioning. Deactivation is expected to cost $233.8 million, require 5 years to complete, and yield $36 million in annual surveillance and maintenance cost savings.« less

Investigations of dc electrical discharges in low-pressure sodium vapor with implications for AMTEC converters

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barkan, A.; Hunt, T.K.

1998-07-01

Upcoming designs for AMTEC modules capable of delivering as much as 150 watts will see the introduction of higher voltages into sodium vapor at pressures spanning a wide range. In theory, with any value for two out of three parameters: voltage, pressure, and electrode geometry, a value exists for the third parameter where DC electrical breakdown can occur; due to its low ionization energy, sodium vapor may be particularly susceptible to breakdown. This destructive event is not desirable in AMTEC modules, and sets a limit on the maximum voltage that can be built-up within any single enclosed module. An experimentalmore » cell was fabricated with representative electrode configurations and a separately heated sodium reservoir to test conditions typically expected during start-up, operation, and shutdown of AMTEC cells. Breakdown voltages were investigated in both sodium vapor and, for comparison, argon gas. The dependence on electrode material and polarity was also investigated. Additional information about leakage currents and the insulating properties of {alpha}-alumina in the presence of sodium vapor was collected, revealing a reversible tendency for conductive sodium films to build up under certain conditions, electrically shorting-out previously isolated components. In conclusion, safe operating limits on voltages, temperatures, and pressures are discussed.« less

Transient Approximation of SAFE-100 Heat Pipe Operation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bragg-Sitton, Shannon M.; Reid, Robert S.

2005-01-01

Engineers at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) have designed several heat pipe cooled reactor concepts, ranging in power from 15 kWt to 800 kWt, for both surface power systems and nuclear electric propulsion systems. The Safe, Affordable Fission Engine (SAFE) is now being developed in a collaborative effort between LANL and NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (NASA/MSFC). NASA is responsible for fabrication and testing of non-nuclear, electrically heated modules in the Early Flight Fission Test Facility (EFF-TF) at MSFC. In-core heat pipes must be properly thawed as the reactor power starts. Computational models have been developed to assess the expected operation of a specific heat pipe design during start-up, steady state operation, and shutdown. While computationally intensive codes provide complete, detailed analyses of heat pipe thaw, a relatively simple. concise routine can also be applied to approximate the response of a heat pipe to changes in the evaporator heat transfer rate during start-up and power transients (e.g., modification of reactor power level) with reasonably accurate results. This paper describes a simplified model of heat pipe start-up that extends previous work and compares the results to experimental measurements for a SAFE-100 type heat pipe design.

40 CFR 62.15150 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15150 Section 62.15150 Protection of... § 62.15150 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.1220 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1220 Section 60.1220 Protection of Environment... Emission Limits § 60.1220 What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and... waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or malfunction must...

40 CFR 60.1220 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1220 Section 60.1220 Protection of Environment... Emission Limits § 60.1220 What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and... waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or malfunction must...

40 CFR 60.1220 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1220 Section 60.1220 Protection of Environment... Emission Limits § 60.1220 What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and... waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or malfunction must...

40 CFR 62.15150 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15150 Section 62.15150 Protection of... § 62.15150 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.1220 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1220 Section 60.1220 Protection of Environment... Emission Limits § 60.1220 What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and... waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or malfunction must...

40 CFR 60.1695 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1695 Section 60.1695 Protection of... Requirements § 60.1695 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 62.15150 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15150 Section 62.15150 Protection of... § 62.15150 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 62.15150 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15150 Section 62.15150 Protection of... § 62.15150 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.1695 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1695 Section 60.1695 Protection of... Requirements § 60.1695 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.1220 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1220 Section 60.1220 Protection of Environment... Emission Limits § 60.1220 What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and... waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or malfunction must...

40 CFR 60.1695 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1695 Section 60.1695 Protection of... Requirements § 60.1695 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.1695 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1695 Section 60.1695 Protection of... Requirements § 60.1695 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 62.15150 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15150 Section 62.15150 Protection of... § 62.15150 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.1695 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1695 Section 60.1695 Protection of... Requirements § 60.1695 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

A CFD Model for High Pressure Liquid Poison Injection for CANDU-6 Shutdown System No. 2

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bo Wook Rhee; Chang Jun Jeong; Hye Jeong Yun

2002-07-01

In CANDU reactor one of the two reactor shutdown systems is the liquid poison injection system which injects the highly pressurized liquid neutron poison into the moderator tank via small holes on the nozzle pipes. To ensure the safe shutdown of a reactor it is necessary for the poison curtains generated by jets provide quick, and enough negative reactivity to the reactor during the early stage of the accident. In order to produce the neutron cross section necessary to perform this work, the poison concentration distribution during the transient is necessary. In this study, a set of models for analyzingmore » the transient poison concentration induced by this high pressure poison injection jet activated upon the reactor trip in a CANDU-6 reactor moderator tank has been developed and used to generate the poison concentration distribution of the poison curtains induced by the high pressure jets injected into the vacant region between the pressure tube banks. The poison injection rate through the jet holes drilled on the nozzle pipes is obtained by a 1-D transient hydrodynamic code called, ALITRIG, and this injection rate is used to provide the inlet boundary condition to a 3-D CFD model of the moderator tank based on CFX4.3, a CFD code, to simulate the formation of the poison jet curtain inside the moderator tank. For validation, an attempt was made to validate this model against a poison injection experiment performed at BARC. As conclusion this set of models is judged to be appropriate. (authors)« less

The implementation of fail-operative functions in integrated digital avionics systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Osoer, S. S.

1976-01-01

System architectures which incorporate fail operative flight guidance functions within a total integrated avionics complex are described. It is shown that the mixture of flight critical and nonflight critical functions within a common computer complex is an efficient solution to the integration of navigation, guidance, flight control, display, and flight management. Interfacing subsystems retain autonomous capability to avoid vulnerability to total avionics system shutdown as a result of only a few failures.

High pressure water electrolysis for space station EMU recharge

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lance, Nick; Puskar, Michael; Moulthrop, Lawrence; Zagaja, John

1988-01-01

A high pressure oxygen recharge system (HPORS), is being developed for application on board the Space Station. This electrolytic system can provide oxygen at up to 6000 psia without a mechanical compressor. The Hamilton standard HPORS based on a solid polymer electrolyte system is an extension of the much larger and succesful 3000 psia system of the U.S. Navy. Cell modules have been successfully tested under conditions beyond which spacecraft may encounter during launch. The control system with double redundancy and mechanical backups for all electronically controlled components is designed to ensure a safe shutdown.

Core power and decay time limits for a disabled LOFT ECCS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Atkinson, S.A.

1978-01-09

An analysis was done to determine at what LOFT total core power (nuclear plus decay power) the ECCS could be inoperable. The criteria used for the analysis was that the maximum fuel clad temperature should not exceed 1650/sup 0/F given a loss of coolant. Calculations for natural convection cooling of the fuel by air with an inlet temperature of 580/sup 0/F determined that the limiting core power is 25 kW (discounted by 15 percent to 20 percent for potential uncertainties). Shutdown times are listed for when the LOFT ECCS can be safely bypassed or disabled.

Aileron controls for wind turbine applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, D. R.; Putoff, R. L.

1984-01-01

Horizontal axis wind turbines which utilize partial or full variable blade pitch to regulate rotor speed were examined. The weight and costs of these systems indicated a need for alternate methods of rotor control. Aileron control is an alternative which has potential to meet this need. Aileron control rotors were tested on the Mod-O wind turbine to determine their power regulation and shutdown characteristics. Test results for a 20 and 38% chord aileron control rotor are presented. Test is shown that aileron control is a viable method for safety for safely controlling rotor speed, following a loss of general load.

Aileron controls for wind turbine applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, D. R.; Puthoff, R. L.

1984-01-01

Horizontal axis wind turbines which utilize partial or full variable blade pitch to regulate rotor speed were examined. The weight and costs of these systems indicated a need for alternate methods of rotor control. Aileron control is an alternative which has potential to meet this need. Aileron control rotors were tested on the Mod-O wind turbine to determine their power regulation and shutdown characteristics. Test results for a 20 and 38 percent chord aileron control rotor are presented. Test is shown that aileron control is a viable method for safety for safely controlling rotor speed, following a loss of general load.

Hubble space telescope six-battery test bed

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pajak, J. A.; Bush, J. R., Jr.; Lanier, J. R., Jr.

1990-01-01

A test bed for a large space power system breadboard for the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) was designed and built to test the system under simulated orbital conditions. A discussion of the data acquisition and control subsystems designed to provide for continuous 24 hr per day operation and a general overview of the test bed is presented. The data acquisition and control subsystems provided the necessary monitoring and protection to assure safe shutdown with protection of test articles in case of loss of power or equipment failure over the life of the test (up to 5 years).

Evaluation and Improvement of Liquid Propellant Rocket Chugging Analysis Techniques. Part 1: A One-Dimensional Analysis of Low Frequency Combustion Instability in the Fuel Preburner of the Space Shuttle Main Engine. Final Report M.S. Thesis - Aug. 1986

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lim, Kair Chuan

1986-01-01

Low frequency combustion instability, known as chugging, is consistently experienced during shutdown in the fuel and oxidizer preburners of the Space Shuttle Main Engines. Such problems always occur during the helium purge of the residual oxidizer from the preburner manifolds during the shutdown sequence. Possible causes and triggering mechanisms are analyzed and details in modeling the fuel preburner chug are presented. A linearized chugging model, based on the foundation of previous models, capable of predicting the chug occurrence is discussed and the predicted results are presented and compared to experimental work performed by NASA. Sensitivity parameters such as chamber pressure, fuel and oxidizer temperatures, and the effective bulk modulus of the liquid oxidizer are considered in analyzing the fuel preburner chug. The computer program CHUGTEST is utilized to generate the stability boundary for each sensitivity study and the region for stable operation is identified.

A History of Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) Redline Limits Management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arnold, Thomas M.

2011-01-01

The Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) has several "redlines", which are operational limits designated to preclude a catastrophic shutdown of the SSME. The Space Shuttle Orbiter utilizes a combination of hardware and software to enable or disable the automated redline shutdown capability. The Space Shuttle is launched with the automated SSME redline limits enabled, but there are many scenarios which may result in the manual disabling of the software by the onboard crew. The operational philosophy for manually enabling and disabling the redline limits software has evolved continuously throughout the history of the Space Shuttle Program, due to events such as SSME hardware changes and updates to Space Shuttle contingency abort software. In this paper, the evolution of SSME redline limits management will be fully reviewed, including the operational scenarios which call for manual intervention, and the events that triggered changes to the philosophy. Following this review, improvements to the management of redline limits for future spacecraft will be proposed.

NASA Advanced Radiator Technology Development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koester, J. Kent; Juhasz, Albert J.

1994-07-01

A practical implementation of the two-phase working fluid of lithium and NaK has been developed experimentally for pumped loop radiator designs. The benefits of the high heat capacity and low mass of lithium have been integrated with the shutdown capability enabled by the low freezing temperature of NaK by mixing these liquid metals directly. The stable and reliable start up and shutdown of a lithium/NaK pumped loop has been demonstrated through the development of a novel lithium freeze-separation technique within the flowing header ducts. The results of a highly instrumented liquid metal test loop are presented in which both lithium fraction as well as loop gravitational effects were varied over a wide range of values. Diagnostics based on dual electric probes are presented in which the convective behavior of the lithium component is directly measured during loop operation. The uniform distribution of the lithium after a freeze separation is verified by neutron radiography. The operating regime for reliable freeze/thaw flow behavior is described in terms of correlations based on dimensional analysis.

Compliant Task Execution and Learning for Safe Mixed-Initiative Human-Robot Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dong, Shuonan; Conrad, Patrick R.; Shah, Julie A.; Williams, Brian C.; Mittman, David S.; Ingham, Michel D.; Verma, Vandana

2011-01-01

We introduce a novel task execution capability that enhances the ability of in-situ crew members to function independently from Earth by enabling safe and efficient interaction with automated systems. This task execution capability provides the ability to (1) map goal-directed commands from humans into safe, compliant, automated actions, (2) quickly and safely respond to human commands and actions during task execution, and (3) specify complex motions through teaching by demonstration. Our results are applicable to future surface robotic systems, and we have demonstrated these capabilities on JPL's All-Terrain Hex-Limbed Extra-Terrestrial Explorer (ATHLETE) robot.

40 CFR 63.1111 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. 63.1111 Section 63.1111 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS... Control Technology Standards § 63.1111 Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (a) Startup, shutdown, and...

Bipolar square-wave current source for transient electromagnetic systems based on constant shutdown time

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Shilong; Yin, Changchun; Lin, Jun; Yang, Yu; Hu, Xueyan

2016-03-01

Cooperative work of multiple magnetic transmitting sources is a new trend in the development of transient electromagnetic system. The key is the bipolar current waves shutdown, concurrently in the inductive load. In the past, it was difficult to use the constant clamping voltage technique to realize the synchronized shutdown of currents with different peak values. Based on clamping voltage technique, we introduce a new controlling method with constant shutdown time. We use the rising time to control shutdown time and use low voltage power source to control peak current. From the viewpoint of the circuit energy loss, by taking the high-voltage capacitor bypass resistance and the capacitor of the passive snubber circuit into account, we establish the relationship between the rising time and the shutdown time. Since the switch is not ideal, we propose a new method to test the shutdown time by the low voltage, the high voltage and the peak current. Experimental results show that adjustment of the current rising time can precisely control the value of the clamp voltage. When the rising time is fixed, the shutdown time is unchanged. The error for shutdown time deduced from the energy consumption is less than 6%. The new controlling method on current shutdown proposed in this paper can be used in the cooperative work of borehole and ground transmitting system.

Bipolar square-wave current source for transient electromagnetic systems based on constant shutdown time.

PubMed

Wang, Shilong; Yin, Changchun; Lin, Jun; Yang, Yu; Hu, Xueyan

2016-03-01

Cooperative work of multiple magnetic transmitting sources is a new trend in the development of transient electromagnetic system. The key is the bipolar current waves shutdown, concurrently in the inductive load. In the past, it was difficult to use the constant clamping voltage technique to realize the synchronized shutdown of currents with different peak values. Based on clamping voltage technique, we introduce a new controlling method with constant shutdown time. We use the rising time to control shutdown time and use low voltage power source to control peak current. From the viewpoint of the circuit energy loss, by taking the high-voltage capacitor bypass resistance and the capacitor of the passive snubber circuit into account, we establish the relationship between the rising time and the shutdown time. Since the switch is not ideal, we propose a new method to test the shutdown time by the low voltage, the high voltage and the peak current. Experimental results show that adjustment of the current rising time can precisely control the value of the clamp voltage. When the rising time is fixed, the shutdown time is unchanged. The error for shutdown time deduced from the energy consumption is less than 6%. The new controlling method on current shutdown proposed in this paper can be used in the cooperative work of borehole and ground transmitting system.

40 CFR 63.762 - Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions... Facilities § 63.762 Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (a) The provisions set forth in this subpart shall apply at all times except during startups or shutdowns, during malfunctions, and during periods of non...

40 CFR 63.762 - Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions... Facilities § 63.762 Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (a) The provisions set forth in this subpart shall apply at all times except during startups or shutdowns, during malfunctions, and during periods of non...

40 CFR 63.1272 - Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions... Facilities § 63.1272 Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (a) The provisions set forth in this subpart shall apply at all times except during startups or shutdowns, during malfunctions, and during periods of...

40 CFR 63.1272 - Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2012-07-01 2011-07-01 true Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions... Facilities § 63.1272 Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (a) The provisions set forth in this subpart shall apply at all times except during startups or shutdowns, during malfunctions, and during periods of...

40 CFR 63.762 - Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions... Facilities § 63.762 Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (a) The provisions set forth in this subpart shall apply at all times except during startups or shutdowns, during malfunctions, and during periods of non...

40 CFR 63.1272 - Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions... Facilities § 63.1272 Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (a) The provisions set forth in this subpart shall apply at all times except during startups or shutdowns, during malfunctions, and during periods of...

Reactor shutdown experience

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cletcher, J.W.

1995-10-01

This is a regular report of summary statistics relating to recent reactor shutdown experience. The information includes both number of events and rates of occurence. It was compiled from data about operating events that were entered into the SCSS data system by the Nuclear Operations Analysis Center at the Oak ridge National Laboratory and covers the six mont period of July 1 to December 31, 1994. Cumulative information, starting from May 1, 1994, is also reported. Updates on shutdown events included in earlier reports is excluded. Information on shutdowns as a function of reactor power at the time of themore » shutdown for both BWR and PWR reactors is given. Data is also discerned by shutdown type and reactor age.« less

40 CFR 60.1710 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1710 Section 60.1710 Protection of Environment... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Aaaa of... - Applicability of NESHAP General Provisions to Subpart AAAA

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... constructed, and reconstructed sources 63.6(e) Operation and maintenance requirements, startup, shutdown and... taken during a startup, shutdown and malfunction plan are consistent with the procedures in the startup, shutdown and malfunction plan, this information shall be included in a semi-annual startup, shutdown and...

40 CFR 62.15165 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15165 Section 62.15165 Protection of Environment... emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Aaaa of... - Applicability of NESHAP General Provisions to Subpart AAAA

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... constructed, and reconstructed sources 63.6(e) Operation and maintenance requirements, startup, shutdown and... taken during a startup, shutdown and malfunction plan are consistent with the procedures in the startup, shutdown and malfunction plan, this information shall be included in a semi-annual startup, shutdown and...

40 CFR 60.1205 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1205 Section 60.1205 Protection of... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The operating requirements of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 62.15165 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15165 Section 62.15165 Protection of Environment... emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.1205 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1205 Section 60.1205 Protection of... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The operating requirements of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 62.15165 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15165 Section 62.15165 Protection of Environment... emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.1205 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1205 Section 60.1205 Protection of... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The operating requirements of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.1710 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1710 Section 60.1710 Protection of Environment... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction...

40 CFR 62.15165 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15165 Section 62.15165 Protection of Environment... emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.1205 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1205 Section 60.1205 Protection of... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The operating requirements of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Aaaa of... - Applicability of NESHAP General Provisions to Subpart AAAA

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... constructed, and reconstructed sources 63.6(e) Operation and maintenance requirements, startup, shutdown and... taken during a startup, shutdown and malfunction plan are consistent with the procedures in the startup, shutdown and malfunction plan, this information shall be included in a semi-annual startup, shutdown and...

40 CFR 62.15165 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15165 Section 62.15165 Protection of Environment... emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.1205 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1205 Section 60.1205 Protection of... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The operating requirements of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 60.1710 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1710 Section 60.1710 Protection of Environment... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction...

40 CFR 60.1710 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1710 Section 60.1710 Protection of Environment... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction...

40 CFR 60.1710 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1710 Section 60.1710 Protection of Environment... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction...

Characterization of On-Orbit U.S. Lab Condensate Vacuum Venting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schmidl, W. D.; Alred, J. A.; Mikatarian, R.; Soares, C.; Miles, E.

2002-01-01

The venting of liquid streams into a vacuum has been studied extensively for many years. An experiment was performed aboard the International Space Station (ISS) to video tape the U.S. Lab's condensate venting event with cameras located on the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS). Images of the vent plume were acquired close to both the port and starboard vent nozzles. The imaging started with a wider view and then zoomed in closer before the shutdown phase of the vent event occurred. The objective of this experiment was to extend our understanding of the properties of venting liquids into space. Data from the video images were analyzed to obtain the approximate cone angle encompassing the core of the vent plume. The condensate vent plume was characterized as having three phases, a startup phase, a nominal phase, and a shutdown phase. The startup phase consisted of the initial period when the vent first started and the liquid first entered the heated line. The nominal phase was the period when the majority of the liquid was vented. The shutdown phase occurs close to the end of the vent event. The shutdown phase was further divided into two parts, the shutdown initial phase, and a later shutdown sputtering phase. The shutdown initial phase occurs when gas becomes entrained in the condensate liquid being vented. The sputtering phase occurred after the vent valve was closed, and the liquid/ice in the line was removed by continuing to heat the line to bake it out. It was determined that the ice particles were ejected at higher angles, but lower velocities, during the startup and shutdown phases. The number and velocities of ice particles ejected outside of the core region, during the startup, initial shutdown and shutdown sputtering phases were determined. The core of liquid ejected during the startup and shutdown phases was contained within a half cone angle of less than 60 degrees. The startup phase took approximately 36 seconds, the shutdown initial phase took approximately 22 seconds, and the shutdown sputtering phase took approximately 32 seconds. Results from the experiment were correlated with the Boeing ISS vent plume model.

Results of using the NSTX-U Plasma Control System for scenario development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boyer, M. D.; Battaglia, D. J.; Gates, D. A.; Gerhardt, S.; Menard, J.; Mueller, D.; Myers, C. E.; Ferron, J.; Sabbagh, S.; NSTX-U Team

2016-10-01

To best use the new capabilities of NSTX-U (e.g., higher toroidal field and additional, more distributed heating and current drive sources) and to achieve the operational goals of the program, major upgrades to the Plasma Control System have been made. These include improvements to vertical control, real-time equilibrium reconstruction, and plasma boundary shape control and the addition of flexible algorithms for beam modulation and gas injection to control the upgraded actuators in real-time, enabling their use in algorithms for stored energy and profile control. Control system commissioning activities have so far focused on vertical position and shape control. The upgraded controllers have been used to explore the vertical stability limits in inner wall limited and diverted discharges, and control of X-point and strike point locations has been demonstrated and is routinely used. A method for controlling the mid-plane inner gap, a challenge for STs, has also been added to improve reproducible control of diverted discharges. A supervisory shutdown handling algorithm has also been commissioned to ramp the plasma down and safely turn off actuators after an event such as loss of vertical control. Use of the upgrades has contributed to achieving 1MA, 0.65T scenarios with greater than 1s pulse length. Work supported by U.S. D.O.E. Contract No. DE-AC02-09CH11466.

Subscale Validation of the Subsurface Active Filtration of Exhaust (SAFE) Approach to NTP Ground Testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marshall, William M.; Borowski, Stanley K.; Bulman, Mel; Joyner, Russell; Martin, Charles R.

2015-01-01

Brief History of NTP: Project Rover Began in 1950s by Los Alamos Scientific Labs (now Los Alamos National Labs) and ran until 1970s Tested a series of nuclear reactor engines of varying size at Nevada Test Site (now Nevada National Security Site) Ranged in scale from 111 kN (25 klbf) to 1.1 MN (250 klbf) Included Nuclear Furnace-1 tests Demonstrated the viability and capability of a nuclear rocket engine test program One of Kennedys 4 goals during famous moon speech to Congress Nuclear Engines for Rocket Vehicle Applications (NERVA) Atomic Energy Commission and NASA joint venture started in 1964 Parallel effort to Project Rover was focused on technology demonstration Tested XE engine, a 245-kN (55-klbf) engine to demonstrate startup shutdown sequencing. Hot-hydrogen stream is passed directly through fuel elements potential for radioactive material to be eroded into gaseous fuel flow as identified in previous programs NERVA and Project Rover (1950s-70s) were able to test in open atmosphere similar to conventional rocket engine test stands today Nuclear Furance-1 tests employed a full scrubber system Increased government and environmental regulations prohibit the modern testing in open atmosphere. Since the 1960s, there has been an increasing cessation on open air testing of nuclear material Political and national security concerns further compound the regulatory environment

Transient Three-Dimensional Analysis of Nozzle Side Load in Regeneratively Cooled Engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

ng, Ten-See

2005-01-01

Nozzle side loads are potentially detrimental to the integrity and life of almost all launch vehicles. the lack of a detailed prediction capability results in reducing life and increased weight for reusable nozzle systems. A clear understanding of the mechanism that contribute to side loads during engine startup, shutdown, and steady-state operations must be established. A CFD based predictive tool must be developed to aid the understanding of side load physics and development of future reusable engine.

Static feed water electrolysis module

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Powell, J. D.; Schubert, F. H.; Jensen, F. C.

1974-01-01

An advanced static feed water electrolysis module (SFWEM) and associated instrumentation for generating breathable O2 was developed. The system also generates a H2 byproduct for use in an air revitalization system for O2 recovery from metabolic CO2. Special attention was given to: (1) eliminating water feed compartment degassing, (2) eliminating need for zero gravity condenser/separators, (3) increasing current density capability, and (4) providing a self contained module so that operation is independent of laboratory instrumentation and complicated startup/shutdown procedures.

Malicious Hubs: Detecting Abnormally Malicious Autonomous Systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kalafut, Andrew J.; Shue, Craig A; Gupta, Prof. Minaxi

While many attacks are distributed across botnets, investigators and network operators have recently targeted malicious networks through high profile autonomous system (AS) de-peerings and network shut-downs. In this paper, we explore whether some ASes indeed are safe havens for malicious activity. We look for ISPs and ASes that exhibit disproportionately high malicious behavior using 12 popular blacklists. We find that some ASes have over 80% of their routable IP address space blacklisted and others account for large fractions of blacklisted IPs. Overall, we conclude that examining malicious activity at the AS granularity can unearth networks with lax security or thosemore » that harbor cybercrime.« less

Fast-acting nuclear reactor control device

DOEpatents

Kotlyar, Oleg M.; West, Phillip B.

1993-01-01

A fast-acting nuclear reactor control device for moving and positioning a fety control rod to desired positions within the core of the reactor between a run position in which the safety control rod is outside the reactor core, and a shutdown position in which the rod is fully inserted in the reactor core. The device employs a hydraulic pump/motor, an electric gear motor, and solenoid valve to drive the safety control rod into the reactor core through the entire stroke of the safety control rod. An overrunning clutch allows the safety control rod to freely travel toward a safe position in the event of a partial drive system failure.

Defense.gov Special Report: Government Shutdown

Science.gov Websites

reached. Government shutdown avoided. Business as usual for all DOD employees. Deal Averts Shutdown Continuing Resolution (PDF) Deputy Secretary Lynn Message OMB Director Memo to Agencies (PDF) DOD Contingency

46 CFR 111.33-7 - Alarms and shutdowns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... REQUIREMENTS Power Semiconductor Rectifier Systems § 111.33-7 Alarms and shutdowns. Each power semiconductor rectifier must have a high temperature alarm or shutdown, except as provided in § 111.33-11. ...

Inherently Safe Fission Power System for Lunar Outposts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schriener, Timothy M.; El-Genk, Mohamed S.

2013-09-01

This paper presents the Solid Core-Sectored Compact Reactor (SC-SCoRe) and power system for future lunar outposts. The power system nominally provides 38 kWe continuously for 21 years, employs static components and has no single point failures in reactor cooling or power generation. The reactor core has six sectors, each has a separate pair of primary and secondary loops with liquid NaK-56 working fluid, thermoelectric (TE) power conversion and heat-pipes radiator panels. The electromagnetic (EM) pumps in the primary and secondary loops, powered with separate TE power units, ensure operation reliability and passive decay heat removal from the reactor after shutdown. The reactor poses no radiological concerns during launch, and remains sufficiently subcritical, with the radial reflector dissembled, when submerged in wet sand and the core flooded with seawater, following a launch abort accident. After 300 years of storage below grade on the Moon, the total radioactivity in the post-operation reactor drops below 164 Ci, a low enough radioactivity for a recovery and safe handling of the reactor.

Flight-Tested Prototype of BEAM Software

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mackey, Ryan; Tikidjian, Raffi; James, Mark; Wang, David

2006-01-01

Researchers at JPL have completed a software prototype of BEAM (Beacon-based Exception Analysis for Multi-missions) and successfully tested its operation in flight onboard a NASA research aircraft. BEAM (see NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 26, No. 9; and Vol. 27, No. 3) is an ISHM (Integrated Systems Health Management) technology that automatically analyzes sensor data and classifies system behavior as either nominal or anomalous, and further characterizes anomalies according to strength, duration, and affected signals. BEAM (see figure) can be used to monitor a wide variety of physical systems and sensor types in real time. In this series of tests, BEAM monitored the engines of a Dryden Flight Research Center F-18 aircraft, and performed onboard, unattended analysis of 26 engine sensors from engine startup to shutdown. The BEAM algorithm can detect anomalies based solely on the sensor data, which includes but is not limited to sensor failure, performance degradation, incorrect operation such as unplanned engine shutdown or flameout in this example, and major system faults. BEAM was tested on an F-18 simulator, static engine tests, and 25 individual flights totaling approximately 60 hours of flight time. During these tests, BEAM successfully identified planned anomalies (in-flight shutdowns of one engine) as well as minor unplanned anomalies (e.g., transient oil- and fuel-pressure drops), with no false alarms or suspected false-negative results for the period tested. BEAM also detected previously unknown behavior in the F- 18 compressor section during several flights. This result, confirmed by direct analysis of the raw data, serves as a significant test of BEAM's capability.

The 2013 US Government Shutdown (#Shutdown) and health: an emerging role for social media.

PubMed

Merchant, Raina M; Ha, Yoonhee P; Wong, Charlene A; Schwartz, H Andrew; Sap, Maarten; Ungar, Lyle H; Asch, David A

2014-12-01

In October 2013, multiple United States (US) federal health departments and agencies posted on Twitter, "We're sorry, but we will not be tweeting or responding to @replies during the shutdown. We'll be back as soon as possible!" These "last tweets" and the millions of responses they generated revealed social media's role as a forum for sharing and discussing information rapidly. Social media are now among the few dominant communication channels used today. We used social media to characterize the public discourse and sentiment about the shutdown. The 2013 shutdown represented an opportunity to explore the role social media might play in events that could affect health.

Virtual sensors for robust on-line monitoring (OLM) and Diagnostics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tipireddy, Ramakrishna; Lerchen, Megan E.; Ramuhalli, Pradeep

Unscheduled shutdown of nuclear power facilities for recalibration and replacement of faulty sensors can be expensive and disruptive to grid management. In this work, we present virtual (software) sensors that can replace a faulty physical sensor for a short duration thus allowing recalibration to be safely deferred to a later time. The virtual sensor model uses a Gaussian process model to process input data from redundant and other nearby sensors. Predicted data includes uncertainty bounds including spatial association uncertainty and measurement noise and error. Using data from an instrumented cooling water flow loop testbed, the virtual sensor model has predictedmore » correct sensor measurements and the associated error corresponding to a faulty sensor.« less

Hybrid boosters for future launch vehicles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dargies, E.; Lo, R. E.

1987-10-01

Hybrid rocket propulsion systems furnish the advantages of much higher safety levels, due both to shut-down capability in case of ignition failure to one unit and the potential choice of nontoxic propellant combinations, such as LOX/polyethylene; they nevertheless yield performance levels comparable or superior to those of solid rocket boosters. Attention is presently given to the results of DFVLR analytical model studies of hybrid propulsion systems, with attention to solid fuel grain geometrical design and propellant grain surface ablation rate. The safety of hybrid rockets recommends them for use by manned spacecraft.

DOE/NASA Mod-0 100KW wind turbine test results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Glasgow, J. C.

1978-01-01

The Wind Turbine demonstrates the capability of automatic unattended operation, including startup, achieving synchronism, and shutdown as dictated by wind conditions. During the course of these operations, a wealth of engineering data was generated. Some of the data which is associated with rotor and machine dynamics problems encountered, and the machine modifications incorporated as a solution are presented. These include high blade loads due to tower shadow, excessive nacelle yawing motion, and power oscillations. The results of efforts to correlate measured wind velocity with power output and wind turbine loads are also discussed.

Design, integration and demonstration of a 50 W JP8/kerosene fueled portable SOFC power generator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheekatamarla, Praveen K.; Finnerty, Caine M.; Robinson, Charles R.; Andrews, Stanley M.; Brodie, Jonathan A.; Lu, Y.; DeWald, Paul G.

A man-portable solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system integrated with desulfurized JP8 partial oxidation (POX) reformer was demonstrated to supply a continuous power output of 50 W. This paper discusses some of the design paths chosen and challenges faced during the thermal integration of the stack and reformer in aiding the system startup and shutdown along with balance of plant and power management solutions. The package design, system capabilities, and test results of the prototype unit are presented.

A New Foil Air Bearing Test Rig for Use to 700 C and 70,000 rpm

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

DellaCorte, Chris

1997-01-01

A new test rig has been developed for evaluating foil air bearings at high temperatures and speeds. These bearings are self acting hydrodynamic air bearings which have been successfully applied to a variety of turbomachinery operating up to 650 C. This unique test rig is capable of measuring bearing torque during start-up, shut-down and high speed operation. Load capacity and general performance characteristics, such as durability, can be measured at temperatures to 700 C and speeds to 70,000 rpm. This paper describes the new test rig and demonstrates its capabilities through the preliminary characterization of several bearings. The bearing performance data from this facility can be used to develop advanced turbomachinery incorporating high temperature oil-free air bearing technology.

40 CFR 63.1354 - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... operator during a startup, shutdown, or malfunction of an affected source (including actions taken to correct a malfunction) are consistent with the procedures specified in the source's startup, shutdown, and... report. Reports shall only be required if a startup, shutdown, or malfunction occurred during the...

The 2013 US Government Shutdown (#Shutdown) and Health: An Emerging Role for Social Media

PubMed Central

Ha, Yoonhee P.; Wong, Charlene A.; Schwartz, H. Andrew; Sap, Maarten; Ungar, Lyle H.; Asch, David A.

2014-01-01

In October 2013, multiple United States (US) federal health departments and agencies posted on Twitter, “We’re sorry, but we will not be tweeting or responding to @replies during the shutdown. We’ll be back as soon as possible!” These “last tweets” and the millions of responses they generated revealed social media’s role as a forum for sharing and discussing information rapidly. Social media are now among the few dominant communication channels used today. We used social media to characterize the public discourse and sentiment about the shutdown. The 2013 shutdown represented an opportunity to explore the role social media might play in events that could affect health. PMID:25322303

40 CFR 68.52 - Operating procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) Initial startup; (2) Normal operations; (3) Temporary operations; (4) Emergency shutdown and operations; (5) Normal shutdown; (6) Startup following a normal or emergency shutdown or a major change that... are updated, if necessary, whenever a major change occurs and prior to startup of the changed process. ...

40 CFR 68.52 - Operating procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) Initial startup; (2) Normal operations; (3) Temporary operations; (4) Emergency shutdown and operations; (5) Normal shutdown; (6) Startup following a normal or emergency shutdown or a major change that... are updated, if necessary, whenever a major change occurs and prior to startup of the changed process. ...

40 CFR 68.52 - Operating procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) Initial startup; (2) Normal operations; (3) Temporary operations; (4) Emergency shutdown and operations; (5) Normal shutdown; (6) Startup following a normal or emergency shutdown or a major change that... are updated, if necessary, whenever a major change occurs and prior to startup of the changed process. ...

40 CFR 68.52 - Operating procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) Initial startup; (2) Normal operations; (3) Temporary operations; (4) Emergency shutdown and operations; (5) Normal shutdown; (6) Startup following a normal or emergency shutdown or a major change that... are updated, if necessary, whenever a major change occurs and prior to startup of the changed process. ...

40 CFR 52.1183 - Visibility protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... excess emissions that occurs during startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions of the unit, the nature and... that occurs during startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions of the unit, the nature and cause of any... startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (viii) All CEMS required by this section must meet the minimum data...

Computational Analyses in Support of Sub-scale Diffuser Testing for the A-3 Facility. Part 2; Unsteady Analyses and Risk Assessment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ahuja, Vineet; Hosangadi, Ashvin; Allgood, Daniel

2008-01-01

Simulation technology can play an important role in rocket engine test facility design and development by assessing risks, providing analysis of dynamic pressure and thermal loads, identifying failure modes and predicting anomalous behavior of critical systems. This is especially true for facilities such as the proposed A-3 facility at NASA SSC because of a challenging operating envelope linked to variable throttle conditions at relatively low chamber pressures. Design Support of the feasibility of operating conditions and procedures is critical in such cases due to the possibility of startup/shutdown transients, moving shock structures, unsteady shock-boundary layer interactions and engine and diffuser unstart modes that can result in catastrophic failure. Analyses of such systems is difficult due to resolution requirements needed to accurately capture moving shock structures, shock-boundary layer interactions, two-phase flow regimes and engine unstart modes. In a companion paper, we will demonstrate with the use of CFD, steady analyses advanced capability to evaluate supersonic diffuser and steam ejector performance in the sub-scale A-3 facility. In this paper we will address transient issues with the operation of the facility especially at startup and shutdown, and assess risks related to afterburning due to the interaction of a fuel rich plume with oxygen that is a by-product of the steam ejectors. The primary areas that will be addressed in this paper are: (1) analyses of unstart modes due to flow transients especially during startup/ignition, (2) engine safety during the shutdown process (3) interaction of steam ejectors with the primary plume i.e. flow transients as well as probability of afterburning. In this abstract we discuss unsteady analyses of the engine shutdown process. However, the final paper will include analyses of a staged startup, drawdown of the engine test cell pressure, and risk assessment of potential afterburning in the facility. Unsteady simulations have been carried out to study the engine shutdown process in the facility and understand the physics behind the interactions between the steam ejectors, the test cell and the supersonic diffuser. As a first approximation, to understand the dominant unsteady mechanisms in the engine test cell and the supersonic diffuser, the turning duct in the facility was removed. As the engine loses power a rarefaction wave travels downstream that disrupts the shock cell structure in the supersonic diffuser. Flow from the test cell is seen to expand into the supersonic diffuser section and re-pressurizes the area around the nozzle along with a upstream traveling compression wave that emanates from near the first stage ejectors. Flow from the first stage ejector expands to the center of the duct and a new shock train is formed between the first and second stage ejectors. Both stage ejectors keep the facility pressurized and prevent any large amplitude pressure fluctuations from affecting the engine nozzle. The resultant pressure loads the nozzle experiences in the shutdown process are small.

33 CFR 127.1205 - Emergency shutdown.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) WATERFRONT FACILITIES WATERFRONT FACILITIES HANDLING LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS AND LIQUEFIED HAZARDOUS GAS Waterfront Facilities Handling Liquefied Hazardous Gas Equipment § 127.1205 Emergency shutdown. (a) Each... elements that melt at less than 105 °C (221 °F) and activate the emergency shutdown, or have a sensor that...

33 CFR 127.1205 - Emergency shutdown.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) WATERFRONT FACILITIES WATERFRONT FACILITIES HANDLING LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS AND LIQUEFIED HAZARDOUS GAS Waterfront Facilities Handling Liquefied Hazardous Gas Equipment § 127.1205 Emergency shutdown. (a) Each... elements that melt at less than 105 °C (221 °F) and activate the emergency shutdown, or have a sensor that...

76 FR 81998 - Methodology for Low Power/Shutdown Fire PRA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-29

... NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION [NRC-2011-0295] Methodology for Low Power/Shutdown Fire PRA AGENCY..., ``Methodology for Low Power/Shutdown Fire PRA--Draft Report for Comment.'' DATES: Submit comments by March 01... risk assessment (PRA) method for quantitatively analyzing fire risk in commercial nuclear power plants...

40 CFR 63.1164 - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... written extension of compliance. (c) Periodic startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. Section 63.6(e... by the standard at all times, including during any period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction...)(3) of subpart A of this part, the owner or operator shall develop a written startup, shutdown, and...

40 CFR 63.2250 - What are the general requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... periods of process unit or control device startup, shutdown, and malfunction; prior to process unit initial startup; and during the routine control device maintenance exemption specified in § 63.2251. The... are not operating, or during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. Startup and shutdown...

40 CFR 63.2250 - What are the general requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... periods of process unit or control device startup, shutdown, and malfunction; prior to process unit initial startup; and during the routine control device maintenance exemption specified in § 63.2251. The... are not operating, or during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. Startup and shutdown...

40 CFR 63.1164 - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... written extension of compliance. (c) Periodic startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. Section 63.6(e... by the standard at all times, including during any period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction...)(3) of subpart A of this part, the owner or operator shall develop a written startup, shutdown, and...

40 CFR 63.1164 - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... written extension of compliance. (c) Periodic startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. Section 63.6(e... by the standard at all times, including during any period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction...)(3) of subpart A of this part, the owner or operator shall develop a written startup, shutdown, and...

STS-51 pad abort. OV103-engine 2033 (ME-2) fuel flowmeter sensor open circuit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

The STS-51 initial launch attempt of Discovery (OV-103) was terminated on KSC launch pad 39B on 12 Aug. 1993 at 9:12 AM E.S.T. due to a sensor redundancy failure in the liquid hydrogen system of ME-2 (Engine 2033). The event description and time line are summarized. Propellant loading was initiated on 12 Aug. 1993 at 12:00 AM EST. All space shuttle main engine (SSME) chill parameters and Launch Commit Criteria (LCC) were nominal. At engine start plus 1.34 seconds a Failure Identification (FID) was posted against Engine 2033 for exceeding the 1800 spin intra-channel (A1-A2) Fuel Flowrate sensor channel qualification limit. The engine was shut down at 1.50 seconds followed by Engines 2032 and 2030. All shut down sequences were nominal and the mission was safely aborted. SSME Avionics hardware and software performed nominally during the incident. A review of vehicle data table (VDT) data and controller software logic revealed no failure indications other than the single FID 111-101, Fuel Flowrate Intra-Channel Test Channel A disqualification. Software logic was executed according to requirements and there was no anomalous controller software operation. Immediately following the abort, a Rocketdyne/NASA failure investigation team was assembled. The team successfully isolated the failure cause to an open circuit in a Fuel Flowrate Sensor. This type of failure has occurred eight previous times in ground testing. The sensor had performed acceptably on three previous flights of the engine and SSME flight history shows 684 combined fuel flow rate sensor channel flights without failure. The disqualification of an Engine 2 (SSME No. 2033) Fuel Flowrate sensor channel was a result of an instrumentation failure and not engine performance. All other engine operations were nominal. This disqualification resulted in an engine shutdown and safe sequential shutdown of all three engines prior to ignition of the solid boosters.

40 CFR 270.235 - Options for incinerators, cement kilns, lightweight aggregate kilns, solid fuel boilers, liquid...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... to minimize emissions from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events. 270.235 Section 270.235... from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events. (a) Facilities with existing permits—(1) Revisions to... from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events under any of the following options when requesting...

40 CFR 270.235 - Options for incinerators, cement kilns, lightweight aggregate kilns, solid fuel boilers, liquid...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... to minimize emissions from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events. 270.235 Section 270.235... from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events. (a) Facilities with existing permits—(1) Revisions to... from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events under any of the following options when requesting...

40 CFR 270.235 - Options for incinerators, cement kilns, lightweight aggregate kilns, solid fuel boilers, liquid...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... to minimize emissions from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events. 270.235 Section 270.235... from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events. (a) Facilities with existing permits—(1) Revisions to... from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events under any of the following options when requesting...

40 CFR 270.235 - Options for incinerators, cement kilns, lightweight aggregate kilns, solid fuel boilers, liquid...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... to minimize emissions from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events. 270.235 Section 270.235... from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events. (a) Facilities with existing permits—(1) Revisions to... from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events under any of the following options when requesting...

46 CFR 111.33-7 - Alarms and shutdowns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Alarms and shutdowns. 111.33-7 Section 111.33-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Power Semiconductor Rectifier Systems § 111.33-7 Alarms and shutdowns. Each power semiconductor...

46 CFR 111.33-7 - Alarms and shutdowns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Alarms and shutdowns. 111.33-7 Section 111.33-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Power Semiconductor Rectifier Systems § 111.33-7 Alarms and shutdowns. Each power semiconductor...

46 CFR 111.33-7 - Alarms and shutdowns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Alarms and shutdowns. 111.33-7 Section 111.33-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Power Semiconductor Rectifier Systems § 111.33-7 Alarms and shutdowns. Each power semiconductor...

46 CFR 111.33-7 - Alarms and shutdowns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Alarms and shutdowns. 111.33-7 Section 111.33-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Power Semiconductor Rectifier Systems § 111.33-7 Alarms and shutdowns. Each power semiconductor...

40 CFR 52.271 - Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations. 52.271 Section 52.271 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS California § 52.271 Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations. (a)...

40 CFR 52.271 - Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations. 52.271 Section 52.271 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS California § 52.271 Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations. (a)...

40 CFR 52.271 - Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations. 52.271 Section 52.271 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS California § 52.271 Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations. (a)...

40 CFR 52.271 - Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations. 52.271 Section 52.271 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS California § 52.271 Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations. (a)...

40 CFR 52.271 - Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations. 52.271 Section 52.271 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS California § 52.271 Malfunction, startup, and shutdown regulations. (a)...

77 FR 10576 - Methodology for Low Power/Shutdown Fire PRA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-22

... NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION [NRC-2011-0295] Methodology for Low Power/Shutdown Fire PRA AGENCY.../Shutdown Fire PRA.'' In response to request from members of the public, the NRC is extending the public... risk assessment (PRA) method for quantitatively analyzing fire risk in commercial nuclear power plants...

40 CFR 65.6 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONSOLIDATED FEDERAL AIR RULE General Provisions § 65.6 Startup... Group 2A or Group 2B process vents. (b) Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan—(1) Description and...

40 CFR 65.6 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONSOLIDATED FEDERAL AIR RULE General Provisions § 65.6 Startup... Group 2A or Group 2B process vents. (b) Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan—(1) Description and...

40 CFR 65.6 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONSOLIDATED FEDERAL AIR RULE General Provisions § 65.6 Startup... Group 2A or Group 2B process vents. (b) Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan—(1) Description and...

40 CFR 60.3025 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. Model Rule—Performance...

40 CFR 60.3025 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. Model Rule—Performance...

40 CFR Table 15 to Subpart Xxxx of... - Requirements for Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, the compliance report must include the information... requirements for annual reporting in § 63.6010(f). 2. Immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction report if...

78 FR 20855 - State Implementation Plans: Response to Petition for Rulemaking; Findings of Substantial...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-08

... SIP Calls To Amend Provisions Applying to Excess Emissions During Periods of Startup, Shutdown, and... SIP Calls to Amend Provisions Applying to Excess Emissions During Periods of Startup, Shutdown, and... Amend Provisions Applying to Excess Emissions During Periods of Startup, Shutdown, and Malfunction...

40 CFR 65.6 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONSOLIDATED FEDERAL AIR RULE General Provisions § 65.6 Startup... Group 2A or Group 2B process vents. (b) Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan—(1) Description and...

40 CFR 65.6 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONSOLIDATED FEDERAL AIR RULE General Provisions § 65.6 Startup... Group 2A or Group 2B process vents. (b) Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan—(1) Description and...

40 CFR 60.2918 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. Performance Testing ...

40 CFR 60.2918 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. Performance Testing ...

40 CFR 60.2918 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. Performance Testing ...

40 CFR 60.3025 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. Model Rule—Performance...

40 CFR 60.3025 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. Model Rule—Performance...

40 CFR 60.3025 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. Model Rule—Performance...

40 CFR 63.8635 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... of report and beginning and ending dates of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown... section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction, and routine control device maintenance... (e)(1) through (13) of this section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction, and...

40 CFR 63.10 - Recordkeeping and reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... relevant records for such source of— (i) The occurrence and duration of each startup or shutdown when the startup or shutdown causes the source to exceed any applicable emission limitation in the relevant... startup or shutdown when the source exceeded applicable emission limitations in a relevant standard and...

40 CFR 63.1367 - Recordkeeping requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) of subpart A of this part. (3) Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan. The owner or operator of an affected source shall develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan as specified in § 63.6(e)(3... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction and a program for corrective action for a...

40 CFR 63.10 - Recordkeeping and reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... relevant records for such source of— (i) The occurrence and duration of each startup or shutdown when the startup or shutdown causes the source to exceed any applicable emission limitation in the relevant... startup or shutdown when the source exceeded applicable emission limitations in a relevant standard and...

40 CFR 63.8635 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... of report and beginning and ending dates of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown... section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction, and routine control device maintenance... (e)(1) through (13) of this section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction, and...

40 CFR 63.1346 - Operating limits for kilns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., is not exceeded, except during periods of startup and shutdown when the temperature limit may be... not exceeded, except during periods of startup/shutdown when the temperature limit may be exceeded by... periods of startup/shutdown when the temperature limit may be exceeded by no more than 10 percent. (b) The...

40 CFR 63.10 - Recordkeeping and reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... relevant records for such source of— (i) The occurrence and duration of each startup or shutdown when the startup or shutdown causes the source to exceed any applicable emission limitation in the relevant... startup or shutdown when the source exceeded applicable emission limitations in a relevant standard and...

40 CFR 63.10 - Recordkeeping and reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... relevant records for such source of— (i) The occurrence and duration of each startup or shutdown when the startup or shutdown causes the source to exceed any applicable emission limitation in the relevant... startup or shutdown when the source exceeded applicable emission limitations in a relevant standard and...

40 CFR 63.8635 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... of report and beginning and ending dates of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown... section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction, and routine control device maintenance... (e)(1) through (13) of this section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction, and...

40 CFR 63.1346 - Operating limits for kilns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., is not exceeded, except during periods of startup and shutdown when the temperature limit may be... not exceeded, except during periods of startup/shutdown when the temperature limit may be exceeded by... periods of startup/shutdown when the temperature limit may be exceeded by no more than 10 percent. (b) The...

40 CFR 63.8635 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... of report and beginning and ending dates of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown... section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction, and routine control device maintenance... (e)(1) through (13) of this section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction, and...

Development of a model protection and dynamic response monitoring system for the national transonic facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Young, Clarence P., Jr.; Balakrishna, S.; Kilgore, W. Allen

1995-01-01

A state-of-the-art, computerized mode protection and dynamic response monitoring system has been developed for the NASA Langley Research Center National Transonic Facility (NTF). This report describes the development of the model protection and shutdown system (MPSS). A technical description of the system is given along with discussions on operation and capabilities of the system. Applications of the system to vibration problems are presented to demonstrate the system capabilities, typical applications, versatility, and investment research return derived from the system to date. The system was custom designed for the NTF but can be used at other facilities or for other dynamic measurement/diagnostic applications. Potential commercial uses of the system are described. System capability has been demonstrated for forced response testing and for characterizing and quantifying bias errors for onboard inertial model attitude measurement devices. The system is installed in the NTF control room and has been used successfully for monitoring, recording and analyzing the dynamic response of several model systems tested in the NTF.

Loss of DHR sequences at Browns Ferry Unit One - accident-sequence analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cook, D.H.; Grene, S.R.; Harrington, R.M.

1983-05-01

This study describes the predicted response of Unit One at the Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant to a postulated loss of decay heat removal (DHR) capability following scram from full power with the power conversion system unavailable. In accident sequences without DHR capability, the residual heat removal (RHR) system functions of pressure suppression pool cooling and reactor vessel shutdown cooling are unavailable. Consequently, all decay heat energy is stored in the pressure suppression pool with a concomitant increase in pool temperature and primary containment pressure. With the assumption that DHR capability is not regained during the lengthy course of this accidentmore » sequence, the containment ultimately fails by overpressurization. Although unlikely, this catastrophic failure might lead to loss of the ability to inject cooling water into the reactor vessel, causing subsequent core uncovery and meltdown. The timing of these events and the effective mitigating actions that might be taken by the operator are discussed in this report.« less

Burnable absorber arrangement for fuel bundle

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Crowther, R.L.; Townsend, D.B.

1986-12-16

This patent describes a boiling water reactor core whose operation is characterized by a substantial proportion of steam voids with concomitantly reduced moderation toward the top of the core when the reactor is in its hot operating condition. The reduced moderation leads to slower burnup and greater conversion ratio in an upper core region so that when the reactor is in its cold shut down condition the resulting relatively increased moderation in the upper core region is accompanied by a reactivity profile that peaks in the upper core region. A fuel assembly is described comprising; a component of fissile materialmore » distributed over a substantial axial extent of the fuel assembly; and a component of neutron absorbing material having an axial distribution characterized by an enhancement in an axial zone of the fuel assembly, designated the cold shutdown control zone, corresponding to at least a portion of the axial region of the core when the cold shutdown reactivity peaks. The aggregate amount of neutron absorbing material in the cold shutdown zone of the fuel assembly is greater than the aggregate amount of neutron absorbing material in the axial zones of the fuel assembly immediately above and immediately below the cold shutdown control zone whereby the cold shutdown reactivity peak is reduced relative to the cold shutdown reactivity in the zones immediately above and immediately below the cold shutdown control zone. The cold shutdown zone has an axial extent measured from the bottom of the fuel assembly in the range between 68-88 percent of the height of the fissile material in the fuel assembly.« less

30 CFR 57.8534 - Shutdown or failure of auxiliary fans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Shutdown or failure of auxiliary fans. 57.8534... Ventilation Underground Only § 57.8534 Shutdown or failure of auxiliary fans. (a) Auxiliary fans installed and... fan maintenance or fan adjustments where air quality is maintained in compliance with the applicable...

76 FR 20707 - Notice of Possible Shutdown of Investigative Activities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-13

... receives funding and the period of the shutdown ends, all schedules will resume starting with the day on... if the Commission resumes operations by April 14, 2011. Should the shutdown not end before April 14.... The Commission's World Wide Web site, at http://www.usitc.gov , will be updated to the extent...

40 CFR Table 14 to Subpart Wwww of... - Requirements for Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

....5910(b). c. The information in § 63.10(d)(5)(i) if you had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period, and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan Semiannually according to the requirements in § 63.5910(b). 2. An immediate startup, shutdown, and...

40 CFR Table 7 to Subpart Aaaaa of... - Requirements for Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.... If you had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions...) Semiannually according to the requirements in § 63.7131(b). 2. An immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction report if you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction during the reporting period that is not consistent...

40 CFR Table 7 to Subpart Aaaaa of... - Requirements for Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... If you had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions...) Semiannually according to the requirements in § 63.7131(b). 2. An immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction report if you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction during the reporting period that is not consistent...

40 CFR Table 7 to Subpart Aaaaa of... - Requirements for Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... If you had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions...) Semiannually according to the requirements in § 63.7131(b). 2. An immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction report if you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction during the reporting period that is not consistent...

40 CFR 60.2685 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during CISWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. (b) Each...

40 CFR 63.1570 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... control equipment. (d) You must develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan (SSMP) according... includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. You also must report each instance in which you did...), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you...

40 CFR 60.2685 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during CISWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. (b) Each...

40 CFR 63.5555 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limits, operating limits, and work...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... startup, shutdown, and malfunction. These instances are deviations from the emission limits, operating... during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you demonstrate to the... determine whether deviations that occur during a period you identify as a startup, shutdown, or malfunction...

40 CFR Table 14 to Subpart Wwww of... - Requirements for Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

....5910(b). c. The information in § 63.10(d)(5)(i) if you had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period, and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan Semiannually according to the requirements in § 63.5910(b). 2. An immediate startup, shutdown, and...

40 CFR 63.9040 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations and work practice...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... to you. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. These instances are deviations... during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you demonstrate to the... determine whether deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are violations...

40 CFR Table 7 to Subpart Aaaaa of... - Requirements for Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... If you had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions...) Semiannually according to the requirements in § 63.7131(b). 2. An immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction report if you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction during the reporting period that is not consistent...

40 CFR 63.5555 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limits, operating limits, and work...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... startup, shutdown, and malfunction. These instances are deviations from the emission limits, operating... during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you demonstrate to the... determine whether deviations that occur during a period you identify as a startup, shutdown, or malfunction...

40 CFR 63.1570 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... control equipment. (d) You must develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan (SSMP) according... includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. You also must report each instance in which you did...), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you...

40 CFR 63.1570 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... control equipment. (d) You must develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan (SSMP) according... includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. You also must report each instance in which you did...), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you...

40 CFR 60.2685 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup...-Emission Limitations and Operating Limits § 60.2685 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and... startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. (b) Each malfunction must last no longer than 3 hours. Effective Date...

40 CFR Table 7 to Subpart Aaaaa of... - Requirements for Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... If you had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions...) Semiannually according to the requirements in § 63.7131(b). 2. An immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction report if you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction during the reporting period that is not consistent...

40 CFR 63.1570 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... control equipment. (d) You must develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan (SSMP) according... includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. You also must report each instance in which you did...), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you...

40 CFR Table 15 to Subpart Xxxx of... - Requirements for Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

....6010(f). c. If you had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, the compliance report must include... you meet the requirements for annual reporting in § 63.6010(f). 2. Immediate startup, shutdown, and...

40 CFR 63.1570 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... control equipment. (d) You must develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan (SSMP) according... includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. You also must report each instance in which you did...), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you...

40 CFR 63.9641 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... and ending dates of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan... information in paragraphs (b)(7)(i) and (ii) of this section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and...

40 CFR 63.9814 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... beginning and ending dates of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction... (d)(1) and (2) of this section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (1) The... section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (1) The total operating time of each...

40 CFR 63.9814 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... beginning and ending dates of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction... (d)(1) and (2) of this section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (1) The... section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (1) The total operating time of each...

40 CFR 63.9641 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... and ending dates of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan... information in paragraphs (b)(7)(i) and (ii) of this section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and...

40 CFR 63.9814 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... beginning and ending dates of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction... (d)(1) and (2) of this section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (1) The... section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (1) The total operating time of each...

40 CFR 63.9641 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... and ending dates of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan... information in paragraphs (b)(7)(i) and (ii) of this section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and...

40 CFR 63.9641 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... and ending dates of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan... information in paragraphs (b)(7)(i) and (ii) of this section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and...

40 CFR 63.9814 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... beginning and ending dates of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction... (d)(1) and (2) of this section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (1) The... section. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (1) The total operating time of each...

77 FR 69507 - Proposed Model Safety Evaluation for Plant-Specific Adoption of Technical Specifications Task...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-19

..., ``Revise Shutdown Margin Definition To Address Advanced Fuel Designs'' AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory... Shutdown Margin Definition to Address Advanced Fuel Designs.'' DATES: Comment period expires on December 19... address newer BWR fuel designs, which may be more reactive at shutdown temperatures above 68[emsp14][deg]F...

Safe, Cost Effective Management of Inactive Facilities at the Savannah River Site

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Austin, W. E.; Yannitell, D. M.; Freeman, D. W.

The Savannah River Site is part of the U.S. Department of Energy complex. It was constructed during the early 1950s to produce basic materials (such as plutonium-239 and tritium) used in the production of nuclear weapons. The 310-square-mile site is located in South Carolina, about 12 miles south of Aiken, South Carolina, and about 15 miles southeast of Augusta, Georgia. Savannah River Site (SRS) has approximately 200 facilities identified as inactive. These facilities range in size and complexity from large nuclear reactors to small storage buildings. These facilities are located throughout the site including three reactor areas, the heavy watermore » plant area, the manufacturing area, and other research and support areas. Unlike DOE Closure Sites such as Hanford and Rocky Flats, SRS is a Project Completion Site with continuing missions. As facilities complete their defined mission, they are shutdown and transferred from operations to the facility disposition program. At the SRS, Facilities Decontamination and Decommissioning (FDD) personnel manage the disposition phase of a inactive facility's life cycle in a manner that minimizes life cycle cost without compromising (1) the health or safety of workers and the public or (2) the quality of the environment. The disposition phase begins upon completion of operations shutdown and extends through establishing the final end-state. FDD has developed innovative programs to manage their responsibilities within a constrained budget.« less

Upgrade of Irradiation Test Capability of the Experimental Fast Reactor Joyo

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sekine, Takashi; Aoyama, Takafumi; Suzuki, Soju; Yamashita, Yoshioki

2003-06-01

The JOYO MK-II core was operated from 1983 to 2000 as fast neutron irradiation bed. In order to meet various requirements for irradiation tests for development of FBRs, the JOYO upgrading project named MK-III program was initiated. The irradiation capability in the MK-III core will be about four times larger than that of the MK-II core. Advanced irradiation test subassemblies such as capsule type subassembly and on-line instrumentation rig are planned. As an innovative reactor safety system, the irradiation test of Self-Actuated Shutdown System (SASS) will be conducted. In order to improve the accuracy of neutron fluence, the core management code system was upgraded, and the Monte Carlo code and Helium Accumulation Fluence Monitor (HAFM) were applied. The MK-III core is planned to achieve initial criticality in July 2003.

Engine throat/nozzle optics for plume spectroscopy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bickford, R. L.; Duncan, D. B.

1991-01-01

The Task 2.0 Engine Throat/Nozzle Optics for Plume Spectroscopy, effort was performed under the NASA LeRC Development of Life Prediction Capabilities for Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines program. This Task produced the engineering design of an optical probe to enable spectroscopic measurements within the SSME main chamber. The probe mounts on the SSME nozzle aft manifold and collects light emitted from the throat plane and chamber. Light collected by the probe is transferred to a spectrometer through a fiber optic cable. The design analyses indicate that the probe will function throughout the engine operating cycle and is suitable for both test stand and flight operations. By detecting metallic emissions that are indicative of component degradation or incipient failure, engine shutdown can be initiated before catastrophic failure. This capability will protect valuable test stand hardware and provide enhanced mission safety.

Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network and Its Application in Fault Detection of Condenser Failure in Thermo Plant

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ismail, Firas B.; Thiruchelvam, Vinesh

2013-06-01

Steam condenser is one of the most important equipment in steam power plants. If the steam condenser trips it may lead to whole unit shutdown, which is economically burdensome. Early condenser trips monitoring is crucial to maintain normal and safe operational conditions. In the present work, artificial intelligent monitoring systems specialized in condenser outages has been proposed and coded within the MATLAB environment. The training and validation of the system has been performed using real operational measurements captured from the control system of selected steam power plant. An integrated plant data preparation scheme for condenser outages with related operational variables has been proposed. Condenser outages under consideration have been detected by developed system before the plant control system"

An assessment and validation study of nuclear reactors for low power space applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Klein, A. C.; Gedeon, S. R.; Morey, D. C.

1987-01-01

The feasibility and safety of six conceptual small, low power nuclear reactor designs was evaluated. Feasibility evaluations included the determination of sufficient reactivity margins for seven years of full power operation and safe shutdown as well as handling during pre-launch assembly phases. Safety evaluations were concerned with the potential for maintaining subcritical conditions in the event of launch or transportation accidents. These included water immersion accident scenarios both with and without water flooding the core. Results show that most of the concepts can potentially meet the feasibility and safety requirements; however, due to the preliminary nature of the designs considered, more detailed designs will be necessary to enable these concepts to fully meet the safety requirements.

An overview of ALARA considerations during Yankee Atomic`s Component Removal Project

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Granados, B.; Babineau, G.; Colby, B.

1995-03-01

In Februrary 1992, Yankee Atomic Electric Company (YAEC) permanently shutdown Yankee Nuclear Power Station in Rowe, Massachusetts, after thirty-two years of efficient operation. Yankee`s plan decommissioning is to defer dismantlement until a low level radioactive waste (LLRW) disposal facility is available. The plant will be maintained in a safe storage condition until a firm contract for the disposal of LLRW generated during decommissioning can be secured. Limited access to a LLRW disposal facility may occur during the safe storage period. Yankee intends to use these opportunities to remove components and structures. A Component Removal Project (CRP) was initiated in 1993more » to take advantage of one of these opportunities. A Componenet Removal Project (CRP) was initiated in 1993 to take advantage of one of these opportunities. The CRP includes removal of four steam generators, the pressurizer, and segmentation of reactor vessel internals and preparation of LLRW for shipment and disposal at Chem-Nuclear`s Barnwell, South Carolina facility. The CRP is projected to be completed by June 1994 at an estimated total worker exposure of less than 160 person-rem.« less

40 CFR 63.8248 - What other requirements must I meet?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (2) You must report each instance in which you did not meet each work practice standard in § 63.8192 that applies to you. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and... value was out of range. (b) Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (1) Consistent with §§ 63.6(e) and 63...

40 CFR 63.5555 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limits, operating limits, and work...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. These instances are deviations from the emission limits...), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you... Administrator will determine whether deviations that occur during a period you identify as a startup, shutdown...

40 CFR 63.8248 - What other requirements must I meet?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (2) You must report each instance in which you did not meet each work practice standard in § 63.8192 that applies to you. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and... value was out of range. (b) Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (1) Consistent with §§ 63.6(e) and 63...

40 CFR 63.5555 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limits, operating limits, and work...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. These instances are deviations from the emission limits...), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you... Administrator will determine whether deviations that occur during a period you identify as a startup, shutdown...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Aaaa of... - Applicability of NESHAP General Provisions to Subpart AAAA

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... reconstructed sources 63.6(e) Operation and maintenance requirements, startup, shutdown and malfunction plan...(b)(2)(i)-(b)(2)(v) General recordkeeping requirements 63.10(d)(5) If actions taken during a startup, shutdown and malfunction plan are consistent with the procedures in the startup, shutdown and malfunction...

40 CFR 62.14645 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... Limits § 62.14645 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during periods of CISWI unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 63.7835 - What other requirements must I meet to demonstrate continuous compliance?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... that applies to you. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. You also must report...) Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (1) Consistent with §§ 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you demonstrate to the...

40 CFR 62.14645 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... Limits § 62.14645 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during periods of CISWI unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 63.7835 - What other requirements must I meet to demonstrate continuous compliance?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... that applies to you. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. You also must report...) Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (1) Consistent with §§ 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you demonstrate to the...

40 CFR 63.8248 - What other requirements must I meet?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (2) You must report each instance in which you did not meet each work practice standard in § 63.8192 that applies to you. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and... value was out of range. (b) Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (1) Consistent with §§ 63.6(e) and 63...

40 CFR 62.14645 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... Limits § 62.14645 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during periods of CISWI unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 62.14645 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... Limits § 62.14645 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during periods of CISWI unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR Table 14 to Subpart Wwww of... - Requirements for Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... requirements in § 63.5910(b). c. The information in § 63.10(d)(5)(i) if you had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period, and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan Semiannually according to the requirements in § 63.5910(b). 2. An immediate startup, shutdown...

40 CFR Table 14 to Subpart Wwww of... - Requirements for Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... requirements in § 63.5910(b). c. The information in § 63.10(d)(5)(i) if you had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period, and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan Semiannually according to the requirements in § 63.5910(b). 2. An immediate startup, shutdown...

40 CFR 62.14645 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... Limits § 62.14645 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during periods of CISWI unit startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 63.7835 - What other requirements must I meet to demonstrate continuous compliance?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... that applies to you. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. You also must report...) Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (1) Consistent with §§ 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you demonstrate to the...

40 CFR Table 14 to Subpart Wwww of... - Requirements for Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... requirements in § 63.5910(b). c. The information in § 63.10(d)(5)(i) if you had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period, and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan Semiannually according to the requirements in § 63.5910(b). 2. An immediate startup, shutdown...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Aaaa of... - Applicability of NESHAP General Provisions to Subpart AAAA

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... reconstructed sources 63.6(e) Operation and maintenance requirements, startup, shutdown and malfunction plan...(b)(2)(i)-(b)(2)(v) General recordkeeping requirements 63.10(d)(5) If actions taken during a startup, shutdown and malfunction plan are consistent with the procedures in the startup, shutdown and malfunction...

40 CFR 63.5555 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limits, operating limits, and work...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. These instances are deviations from the emission limits...), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you... Administrator will determine whether deviations that occur during a period you identify as a startup, shutdown...

40 CFR 63.7835 - What other requirements must I meet to demonstrate continuous compliance?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... that applies to you. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. You also must report...) Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (1) Consistent with §§ 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you demonstrate to the...

40 CFR 63.7835 - What other requirements must I meet to demonstrate continuous compliance?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... that applies to you. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. You also must report...) Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (1) Consistent with §§ 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you demonstrate to the...

Defense.gov Special Report: Government Shutdown - What You Need to Know

Science.gov Websites

Department is taking to plan for a possible government shutdown. Document Plan for Agency Operations During agencies should plan for a potential shutdown. Document Guidance for Continuation of Operations in The Contingency Plan Guidance for Continuation of Essential Operations in the Absence of Available Appropriations

75 FR 48283 - Liability for Termination of Single-Employer Plans; Treatment of Substantial Cessation of Operations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-10

... self- reporting of events that PBGC now learns of only through its own investigations and may enable... to retire sooner upon learning of a shutdown that would eliminate her job, the separation would be the result of the shutdown; whereas if (before learning of the shutdown) she had been planning to...

Fuel cell system shutdown with anode pressure control

DOEpatents

Clingerman, Bruce J.; Doan, Tien M.; Keskula, Donald H.

2002-01-01

A venting methodology and pressure sensing and vent valving arrangement for monitoring anode bypass valve operating during the normal shutdown of a fuel cell apparatus of the type used in vehicle propulsion systems. During a normal shutdown routine, the pressure differential between the anode inlet and anode outlet is monitored in real time in a period corresponding to the normal closing speed of the anode bypass valve and the pressure differential at the end of the closing cycle of the anode bypass valve is compared to the pressure differential at the beginning of the closing cycle. If the difference in pressure differential at the beginning and end of the anode bypass closing cycle indicates that the anode bypass valve has not properly closed, a system controller switches from a normal shutdown mode to a rapid shutdown mode in which the anode inlet is instantaneously vented by rapid vents.

29 CFR 1910.179 - Overhead and gantry cranes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... adequately guarded or isolated. (40) Fail-safe means a provision designed to automatically stop or safely... shall be capable of maintaining safe lowering speeds of rated loads. (ii) The control braking means... the crane operator. (viii) Automatic cranes shall be so designed that all motions shall fail-safe if...

A fail-safe CMOS logic gate

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bobin, V.; Whitaker, S.

1990-01-01

This paper reports a design technique to make Complex CMOS Gates fail-safe for a class of faults. Two classes of faults are defined. The fail-safe design presented has limited fault-tolerance capability. Multiple faults are also covered.

78 FR 38739 - Standard Format and Content for Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-27

...The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is issuing Revision 1 of Regulatory Guide (RG) 1.185, ``Standard Format and Content for Post-shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report.'' This guide describes a method that the NRC staff considers acceptable for use in complying with the Commission's requirements regarding the submission of a post-shutdown decommissioning activities report (PSDAR).

77 FR 75198 - Standard Format and Content for Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-19

...The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is issuing for public comment draft regulatory guide (DG), DG-1272, ``Standard Format and Content for Post-shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report.'' This guide describes a method that the NRC staff considers acceptable for use in complying with the Commission's requirements regarding the submission of a post-shutdown decommissioning activities report (PSDAR).

46 CFR 32.50-35 - Remote manual shutdown for internal combustion engine driven cargo pump on tank vessels-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Remote manual shutdown for internal combustion engine... for Cargo Handling § 32.50-35 Remote manual shutdown for internal combustion engine driven cargo pump on tank vessels—TB/ALL. (a) Any tank vessel which is equipped with an internal combustion engine...

46 CFR 32.50-35 - Remote manual shutdown for internal combustion engine driven cargo pump on tank vessels-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Remote manual shutdown for internal combustion engine... for Cargo Handling § 32.50-35 Remote manual shutdown for internal combustion engine driven cargo pump on tank vessels—TB/ALL. (a) Any tank vessel which is equipped with an internal combustion engine...

46 CFR 32.50-35 - Remote manual shutdown for internal combustion engine driven cargo pump on tank vessels-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Remote manual shutdown for internal combustion engine... for Cargo Handling § 32.50-35 Remote manual shutdown for internal combustion engine driven cargo pump on tank vessels—TB/ALL. (a) Any tank vessel which is equipped with an internal combustion engine...

46 CFR 32.50-35 - Remote manual shutdown for internal combustion engine driven cargo pump on tank vessels-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Remote manual shutdown for internal combustion engine... for Cargo Handling § 32.50-35 Remote manual shutdown for internal combustion engine driven cargo pump on tank vessels—TB/ALL. (a) Any tank vessel which is equipped with an internal combustion engine...

46 CFR 32.50-35 - Remote manual shutdown for internal combustion engine driven cargo pump on tank vessels-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Remote manual shutdown for internal combustion engine... for Cargo Handling § 32.50-35 Remote manual shutdown for internal combustion engine driven cargo pump on tank vessels—TB/ALL. (a) Any tank vessel which is equipped with an internal combustion engine...

40 CFR 63.8691 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the operating limits?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... operating limit in Table 5 to this subpart that applies to you. This includes periods of startup, shutdown... §§ 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction... of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are violations, according to the provisions in § 63.6(e). [68 FR...

40 CFR 63.9925 - What other requirements must I meet to demonstrate continuous compliance?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. You must also report each instance in which you did... § 63.9931. (b) Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (1) Consistent with §§ 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you...

40 CFR 63.8691 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the operating limits?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... operating limit in Table 5 to this subpart that applies to you. This includes periods of startup, shutdown... §§ 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction... of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are violations, according to the provisions in § 63.6(e). [68 FR...

40 CFR 63.8691 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the operating limits?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... operating limit in Table 5 to this subpart that applies to you. This includes periods of startup, shutdown... §§ 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction... of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are violations, according to the provisions in § 63.6(e). [68 FR...

40 CFR 63.9925 - What other requirements must I meet to demonstrate continuous compliance?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. You must also report each instance in which you did... § 63.9931. (b) Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (1) Consistent with §§ 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you...

40 CFR 63.9925 - What other requirements must I meet to demonstrate continuous compliance?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. You must also report each instance in which you did... § 63.9931. (b) Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (1) Consistent with §§ 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you...

40 CFR 63.9925 - What other requirements must I meet to demonstrate continuous compliance?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. You must also report each instance in which you did... § 63.9931. (b) Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (1) Consistent with §§ 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you...

40 CFR 63.8691 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the operating limits?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... operating limit in Table 5 to this subpart that applies to you. This includes periods of startup, shutdown... §§ 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction... of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are violations, according to the provisions in § 63.6(e). [68 FR...

40 CFR 63.9925 - What other requirements must I meet to demonstrate continuous compliance?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. You must also report each instance in which you did... § 63.9931. (b) Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (1) Consistent with §§ 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you...

40 CFR 63.8691 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the operating limits?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... operating limit in Table 5 to this subpart that applies to you. This includes periods of startup, shutdown... §§ 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction... of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are violations, according to the provisions in § 63.6(e). [68 FR...

Rigorous-two-Steps scheme of TRIPOLI-4® Monte Carlo code validation for shutdown dose rate calculation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaboulay, Jean-Charles; Brun, Emeric; Hugot, François-Xavier; Huynh, Tan-Dat; Malouch, Fadhel; Mancusi, Davide; Tsilanizara, Aime

2017-09-01

After fission or fusion reactor shutdown the activated structure emits decay photons. For maintenance operations the radiation dose map must be established in the reactor building. Several calculation schemes have been developed to calculate the shutdown dose rate. These schemes are widely developed in fusion application and more precisely for the ITER tokamak. This paper presents the rigorous-two-steps scheme implemented at CEA. It is based on the TRIPOLI-4® Monte Carlo code and the inventory code MENDEL. The ITER shutdown dose rate benchmark has been carried out, results are in a good agreement with the other participant.

Impacts of flare emissions from an ethylene plant shutdown to regional air quality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Ziyuan; Wang, Sujing; Xu, Qiang; Ho, Thomas

2016-08-01

Critical operations of chemical process industry (CPI) plants such as ethylene plant shutdowns could emit a huge amount of VOCs and NOx, which may result in localized and transient ozone pollution events. In this paper, a general methodology for studying dynamic ozone impacts associated with flare emissions from ethylene plant shutdowns has been developed. This multi-scale simulation study integrates process knowledge of plant shutdown emissions in terms of flow rate and speciation together with regional air-quality modeling to quantitatively investigate the sensitivity of ground-level ozone change due to an ethylene plant shutdown. The study shows the maximum hourly ozone increments can vary significantly by different plant locations and temporal factors including background ozone data and solar radiation intensity. It helps provide a cost-effective air-quality control strategy for industries by choosing the optimal starting time of plant shutdown operations in terms of minimizing the induced ozone impact (reduced from 34.1 ppb to 1.2 ppb in the performed case studies). This study provides valuable technical supports for both CPI and environmental policy makers on cost-effective air-quality controls in the future.

Complex of technologies and prototype systems for eco-friendly shutdown of the power-generating, process, capacitive, and transport equipment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smorodin, A. I.; Red'kin, V. V.; Frolov, Y. D.; Korobkov, A. A.; Kemaev, O. V.; Kulik, M. V.; Shabalin, O. V.

2015-07-01

A set of technologies and prototype systems for eco-friendly shutdown of the power-generating, process, capacitive, and transport equipment is offered. The following technologies are regarded as core technologies for the complex: cryogenic technology nitrogen for displacement of hydrogen from the cooling circuit of turbine generators, cryo blasting of the power units by dioxide granules, preservation of the shutdown power units by dehydrated air, and dismantling and severing of equipment and structural materials of power units. Four prototype systems for eco-friendly shutdown of the power units may be built on the basis of selected technologies: Multimode nitrogen cryogenic system with four subsystems, cryo blasting system with CO2 granules for thermal-mechanical and electrical equipment of power units, and compressionless air-drainage systems for drying and storage of the shutdown power units and cryo-gas system for general severing of the steam-turbine power units. Results of the research and pilot and demonstration tests of the operational units of the considered technological systems allow applying the proposed technologies and systems in the prototype systems for shutdown of the power-generating, process, capacitive, and transport equipment.

Characteristics of dioxin emissions at startup and shutdown of MSW incinerators.

PubMed

Tejima, Hajime; Nishigaki, Masahide; Fujita, Yasuyuki; Matsumoto, Akihiro; Takeda, Nobuo; Takaoka, Masaki

2007-01-01

Dioxin concentrations from municipal waste incinerators in Japan and elsewhere often show low concentrations that comply with legal limits (in this paper, the term "dioxin" designates WHO-TEQ: PCDD/Fs+dioxin-like PCB). However, such data is usually generated under normal steady state operational conditions, and there has been little investigation of releases occurring during startup and shutdown. It is important, therefore, to ascertain quantitatively emissions in an unsteady state (startup and shutdown) in order to correctly evaluate the relationship between emissions from a facility and the surrounding environment. The present study aimed to examine dioxin emissions of a continuously operated incinerator at startup and shutdown, and estimating the time period of greatest emission, and the processes causing dioxin generation. The startup process was divided into five stages and the shutdown into two; at each stage, dioxins in the flue gas were measured at the boiler outlet and the stack. From the concentration of dioxins and the flue gas volume at each stage, the amount of dioxins at startup and shutdown were calculated, and these were compared with that under steady state conditions. Dioxin concentration at the stack under steady state conditions was a very low level, while those at startup and shutdown were higher. In the case where dioxin concentration under a steady state is a low level like in this study, it is indicated that the total annual dioxin emission from a facility could be attributed to the startup periods.

Microcapsule-based techniques for improving the safety of lithium-ion batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baginska, Marta

Lithium-ion batteries are vital energy storage devices due to their high specific energy density, lack of memory effect, and long cycle life. While they are predominantly used in small consumer electronics, new strategies for improving battery safety and lifetime are critical to the successful implementation of high-capacity, fast-charging materials required for advanced Li-ion battery applications. Currently, the presence of a volatile, combustible electrolyte and an oxidizing agent (Lithium oxide cathodes) make the Li-ion cell susceptible to fire and explosions. Thermal overheating, electrical overcharging, or mechanical damage can trigger thermal runaway, and if left unchecked, combustion of battery materials. To improve battery safety, autonomic, thermally-induced shutdown of Li-ion batteries is demonstrated by depositing thermoresponsive polymer microspheres onto battery anodes. When the internal temperature of the cell reaches a critical value, the microspheres melt and conformally coat the anode and/or separator with an ion insulating barrier, halting Li-ion transport and shutting down the cell permanently. Charge and discharge capacity is measured for Li-ion coin cells containing microsphere-coated anodes or separators as a function of capsule coverage. Scanning electron microscopy images of electrode surfaces from cells that have undergone autonomic shutdown provides evidence of melting, wetting, and re-solidification of polyethylene (PE) into the anode and polymer film formation at the anode/separator interface. As an extension of this autonomic shutdown approach, a particle-based separator capable of performing autonomic shutdown, but which reduces the shorting hazard posed by current bi- and tri-polymer commercial separators, is presented. This dual-particle separator is composed of hollow glass microspheres acting as a physical spacer between electrodes, and PE microspheres to impart autonomic shutdown functionality. An oil-immersion technique is developed to simulate an overheating condition while the cell is cycling. Experimental protocols are developed to assess the performance of the separator in terms of its ability to perform autonomic shutdown and examine tested battery materials using scanning electron microscopy. Another approach to improving battery functionality is via the microencapsulation of battery additives. Currently, additives are added directly into a battery electrolyte, and while they typically perform their function given a sufficient loading, these additives often do so at the expense of battery performance. Microencapsulation allows for a high loading of additives to be incorporated into the cell and their release triggered only when and where they are needed. In this work, microencapsulation techniques are developed to successfully encapsulate 3-hexylthiophene, a stabilizing agent for high-voltage cathodes in Li-ion batteries and conductive polymer precursor, as well as the flame retardant Tris(2-choloroethyl phosphate) (TCP). Microcapsules containing 3-hexylthiophene are coated onto model battery electrodes and immersed in electrolyte. The microcapsule shell wall insulates the 3-hexylthiophene until the microcapsules are mechanically crushed and electropolymerization of the released core to form poly(3-ht) occurs under cyclic voltammetry. In addition, TCP was encapsulated using in situ polymerization. TCP-containing microcapsules are stable in electrolyte at room temperature, but are thermally triggered to release their payload at elevated temperatures. Experimental protocols are developed to study the in situ triggering and release of microencapsulated additives.

ALHAT System Validation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brady, Tye; Bailey, Erik; Crain, Timothy; Paschall, Stephen

2011-01-01

NASA has embarked on a multiyear technology development effort to develop a safe and precise lunar landing capability. The Autonomous Landing and Hazard Avoidance Technology (ALHAT) Project is investigating a range of landing hazard detection methods while developing a hazard avoidance capability to best field test the proper set of relevant autonomous GNC technologies. Ultimately, the advancement of these technologies through the ALHAT Project will provide an ALHAT System capable of enabling next generation lunar lander vehicles to globally land precisely and safely regardless of lighting condition. This paper provides an overview of the ALHAT System and describes recent validation experiments that have advanced the highly capable GNC architecture.

Natural circulation decay heat removal from an SP-100, 550 kWe power system for a lunar outpost

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

El-Genk, Mohamed S.; Xue, Huimin

1992-01-01

This research investigated the decay heat removal from the SP-100 reactor core of a 550-kWe power system for a lunar outpost by natural circulation of lithium coolant. A transient model that simulates the decay heat removal loop (DHRL) of the power system was developed and used to assess the system's decay heat removal capability. The effects of the surface area of the decay heat rejection radiator, the dimensions of the decay heat exchanger (DHE) flow duct, the elevation of the DHE, and the diameter of the rise and down pipes in the DHRL on the decay heat removal capability were examined. Also, to determine the applicability of test results at earth gravity to actual system performance on the lunar surface, the effect of the gravity constant (1 g and 1/6 g) on the thermal behavior of the system after shutdown was investigated.

CONTROL RODS FOR NUCLEAR REACTORS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bell, F.R.

1963-01-16

A means for controlling the control rod in emergency, when it is desired to shutdown the reactor with the shortest possible delay, is described. When the emergency occurs the control rod is allowed to drop freely under gravity from the control rod support tube into the bore in the reactor core. A normal shutdown is reached almost at the lowest rod position. In the shut-down position and also below it, the control rod had its full effect of reducing the level of activity in the core. When the shut-down position was reached, a brake came into action to decelerate themore » rod and reduce shock and the likelihood of damage. (C.E.S.)« less

HiCAT Software Infrastructure: Safe hardware control with object oriented Python

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moriarty, Christopher; Brooks, Keira; Soummer, Remi

2018-01-01

High contrast imaging for Complex Aperture Telescopes (HiCAT) is a testbed designed to demonstrate coronagraphy and wavefront control for segmented on-axis space telescopes such as envisioned for LUVOIR. To limit the air movements in the testbed room, software interfaces for several different hardware components were developed to completely automate operations. When developing software interfaces for many different pieces of hardware, unhandled errors are commonplace and can prevent the software from properly closing a hardware resource. Some fragile components (e.g. deformable mirrors) can be permanently damaged because of this. We present an object oriented Python-based infrastructure to safely automate hardware control and optical experiments. Specifically, conducting high-contrast imaging experiments while monitoring humidity and power status along with graceful shutdown processes even for unexpected errors. Python contains a construct called a “context manager” that allows you define code to run when a resource is opened or closed. Context managers ensure that a resource is properly closed, even when unhandled errors occur. Harnessing the context manager design, we also use Python’s multiprocessing library to monitor humidity and power status without interrupting the experiment. Upon detecting a safety problem, the master process sends an event to the child process that triggers the context managers to gracefully close any open resources. This infrastructure allows us to queue up several experiments and safely operate the testbed without a human in the loop.

Inherently Safe and Long-Life Fission Power System for Lunar Outposts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schriener, T. M.; El-Genk, Mohamed S.

Power requirements for future lunar outposts, of 10's to 100's kWe, can be fulfilled using nuclear reactor power systems. In addition to the long life and operation reliability, safety is paramount in all phases, including fabrication and assembly, launch, emplacement below grade on the lunar surface, operation, post-operation decay heat removal and long-term storage and eventual retrieval. This paper introduces the Solid Core-Sectored Compact Reactor (SC-SCoRe) and power system with static components and no single point failures. They ensure reliable continuous operation for ~21 years and fulfill the safety requirements. The SC-SCoRe nominally generates 1.0 MWth at liquid NaK-56 coolant inlet and exit temperatures of 850 K and 900 K and the power system provides 38 kWe at high DC voltage using SiGe thermoelectric (TE) conversion assemblies. In case of a loss of coolant or cooling in a reactor core sector, the power system continues to operate; generating ~4 kWe to the outpost for emergency life support needs. The post-operation storage of the reactor below grade on the lunar surface is a safe and practical choice. The total radioactivity in the reactor drops from ~1 million Ci, immediately at shutdown, to below 164 Ci after 300 years of storage. At such time, the reactor is retrieved safely with no contamination or environmental concerns.

Quick release latch for reactor scram

DOEpatents

Johnson, Melvin L.; Shawver, Bruce M.

1976-01-01

A simple, reliable, and fast-acting means for releasing a control element and allowing it to be inserted rapidly into the core region of a nuclear reactor for scram purposes. A latch mechanism grips a coupling head on a nuclear control element to connect the control element to the control drive assembly. The latch mechanism is closed by tensioning a cable or rod with an actuator. The control element is released by de-energizing the actuator, providing fail-safe, rapid release of the control element to effect reactor shutdown. A sensing rod provides indication that the control element is properly positioned in the latch. Two embodiments are illustrated, one involving a collet-type latch mechanism, the other a pliers-type latch mechanism with the actuator located inside the reactor vessel.

Design and realization of a 300 W fuel cell generator on an electric bicycle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cardinali, Luciano; Santomassimo, Saverio; Stefanoni, Marco

At ENEA Casaccia Research Center (Rome, Italy) a 300 W NUVERA fuel cell stack has been utilized for the construction of a range extender generator on a commercial electric bicycle. The generator is fully automated with a programmable logic controller (PLC) safely operating start-up, shut-down and emergencies; a volumetric compressor supplies air to the cathode, a dc/dc converter transfers energy from the stack to the battery. All ancillary equipment are commercial; only the cell voltage sensors have been developed in order to obtain miniaturized and low consumption components. With this generator the bicycle nominal range of 25 km (utilizing only the Ni-Mh battery) is extended to over 120 km, by installing a 200 bar, 5 l bottle of hydrogen.

Quick release latch for reactor scram

DOEpatents

Johnson, M.L.; Shawver, B.M.

1975-09-16

A simple, reliable, and fast-acting means for releasing a control element and allowing it to be inserted rapidly into the core region of a nuclear reactor for scram purposes is described. A latch mechanism grips a coupling head on a nuclear control element to connect the control element to the control drive assembly. The latch mechanism is closed by tensioning a cable or rod with an actuator. The control element is released by de-energizing the actuator, providing fail-safe, rapid release of the control element to effect reactor shutdown. A sensing rod provides indication that the control element is properly positioned in the latch. Two embodiments are illustrated, one involving a collet- type latch mechanism, the other a pliers-type latch mechanism with the actuator located inside the reactor vessel. (auth)

Preliminary Evaluation of Removing Used Nuclear Fuel from Shutdown Sites

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maheras, Steven J.; Best, Ralph E.; Ross, Steven B.

A preliminary evaluation of removing spent nuclear fuel (SNF) from 13 shutdown nuclear power plant sites was performed. At these shutdown sites the nuclear power reactors have been permanently shut down and the sites have been decommissioned or are undergoing decommissioning. The shutdown sites were Maine Yankee, Yankee Rowe, Connecticut Yankee, Humboldt Bay, Big Rock Point, Rancho Seco, Trojan, La Crosse, Zion, Crystal River, Kewaunee, San Onofre, and Vermont Yankee. The evaluation was divided into four components: Characterization of the SNF and greater-than-Class C low-level radioactive waste (GTCC waste) inventory A description of the on-site infrastructure at the shutdown sitesmore » An evaluation of the near-site transportation infrastructure and transportation experience at the shutdown sites An evaluation of the actions necessary to prepare for and remove SNF and GTCC waste. The primary sources for the inventory of SNF and GTCC waste were the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) spent nuclear fuel inventory database, industry publications such as StoreFUEL, and government sources such as the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The primary sources for information on the conditions of on-site infrastructure and near-site transportation infrastructure and experience included information collected during site visits, information provided by managers at the shutdown sites, Facility Interface Data Sheets compiled for DOE in 2005, Services Planning Documents prepared for DOE in 1993 and 1994, industry publications such as Radwaste Solutions, and Google Earth. State staff, State Regional Group representatives, a Tribal representative, and a Federal Railroad Administration representative have participated in nine of the shutdown site visits. Every shutdown site was found to have at least one off-site transportation mode option for removing its SNF and GTCC waste; some have multiple options. Experience removing large components during reactor decommissioning provided an important source of information used to identify the transportation mode options for the sites. Especially important in conducting the evaluation were site visits, through which information was obtained that would not have been available otherwise. Extensive photographs taken during the site visits proved to be particularly useful in documenting the current conditions at or near the sites. Additional conclusions from this evaluation include: The 13 shutdown sites use designs from 4 different suppliers involving 11 different (horizontal and vertical) dry storage systems that would require the use of 9 different transportation cask designs to remove the SNF and GTCC waste from the shutdown sites. Although some changes to transportation certificates of compliance will be required, the SNF at the initial 9 shutdown sites (Maine Yankee, Yankee Rowe, Connecticut Yankee, Humboldt Bay, Big Rock Point, Rancho Seco, Trojan, La Crosse, and Zion) is in dual purpose dry storage canisters that can be transported, including a small amount of high-burnup fuel. Most sites indicated that 2-3 years of advance time would be required for its preparations before shipments could begin. Some sites could be ready in less time. As additional sites such as Fort Calhoun, Clinton, Quad Cities, Pilgrim, Oyster Creek, and Diablo Canyon shut down, these sites will be included in updates to the evaluation.« less

Simulation of Cold Flow in a Truncated Ideal Nozzle with Film Cooling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Braman, Kalen; Ruf, Joseph

2015-01-01

Flow transients during rocket start-up and shut-down can lead to significant side loads on rocket nozzles. The capability to estimate these side loads computationally can streamline the nozzle design process. Towards this goal, the flow in a truncated ideal contour (TIC) nozzle has been simulated for a range of nozzle pressure ratios (NPRs) aimed to match a series of cold flow experiments performed at the NASA MSFC Nozzle Test Facility. These simulations were performed with varying turbulence model choices and with four different versions of the TIC nozzle model geometry, each of which was created with a different simplification to the test article geometry.

Optimal shutdown management

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bottasso, C. L.; Croce, A.; Riboldi, C. E. D.

2014-06-01

The paper presents a novel approach for the synthesis of the open-loop pitch profile during emergency shutdowns. The problem is of interest in the design of wind turbines, as such maneuvers often generate design driving loads on some of the machine components. The pitch profile synthesis is formulated as a constrained optimal control problem, solved numerically using a direct single shooting approach. A cost function expressing a compromise between load reduction and rotor overspeed is minimized with respect to the unknown blade pitch profile. Constraints may include a load reduction not-to-exceed the next dominating loads, a not-to-be-exceeded maximum rotor speed, and a maximum achievable blade pitch rate. Cost function and constraints are computed over a possibly large number of operating conditions, defined so as to cover as well as possible the operating situations encountered in the lifetime of the machine. All such conditions are simulated by using a high-fidelity aeroservoelastic model of the wind turbine, ensuring the accuracy of the evaluation of all relevant parameters. The paper demonstrates the capabilities of the novel proposed formulation, by optimizing the pitch profile of a multi-MW wind turbine. Results show that the procedure can reliably identify optimal pitch profiles that reduce design-driving loads, in a fully automated way.

Transportation monitoring unit qualification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cook, M.

1990-01-01

Transportation monitoring unit (TMU) qualification testing was performed between 3 Mar. and 14 Dec. 1989. The purpose of the testing was to qualify the TMUs to monitor and store temperature and acceleration data on redesigned solid rocket motor segments and exit cones while they are being shipped from Utah's Thiokol Corporation, Space Operations, to Kennedy Space Center. TMUs were subjected to transportation tests that concerned the structural integrity of the TMUs only, and did not involve TMU measuring capability. This testing was terminated prior to completion due to mounting plate failures, high and low temperature shutdown failures, and data collection errors. Corrective actions taken by the vendor to eliminate high temperature shutdowns were ineffective. An evaluation was performed on the TMUs to determine the TMU vibration and temperature measuring accuracy at a variety of temperatures. This test demonstrated that TMU measured shock levels are high, and that TMUs are temperature sensitive because of decreased accuracy at high and low temperatures. It was determined that modifications to the current TMU system, such that it could be qualified for use, would require a complete redesign and remanufacture. Because the cost of redesigning and remanufacturing the present TMU system exceeds the cost of procuring a new system that could be qualified without modification, it is recommended that an alternate transportation monitoring system be qualified.

AP1000{sup R} design robustness against extreme external events - Seismic, flooding, and aircraft crash

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pfister, A.; Goossen, C.; Coogler, K.

2012-07-01

Both the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) require existing and new nuclear power plants to conduct plant assessments to demonstrate the unit's ability to withstand external hazards. The events that occurred at the Fukushima-Dai-ichi nuclear power station demonstrated the importance of designing a nuclear power plant with the ability to protect the plant against extreme external hazards. The innovative design of the AP1000{sup R} nuclear power plant provides unparalleled protection against catastrophic external events which can lead to extensive infrastructure damage and place the plant in an extended abnormal situation. The AP1000 plantmore » is an 1100-MWe pressurized water reactor with passive safety features and extensive plant simplifications that enhance construction, operation, maintenance and safety. The plant's compact safety related footprint and protection provided by its robust nuclear island structures prevent significant damage to systems, structures, and components required to safely shutdown the plant and maintain core and spent fuel pool cooling and containment integrity following extreme external events. The AP1000 nuclear power plant has been extensively analyzed and reviewed to demonstrate that it's nuclear island design and plant layout provide protection against both design basis and extreme beyond design basis external hazards such as extreme seismic events, external flooding that exceeds the maximum probable flood limit, and malicious aircraft impact. The AP1000 nuclear power plant uses fail safe passive features to mitigate design basis accidents. The passive safety systems are designed to function without safety-grade support systems (such as AC power, component cooling water, service water, compressed air or HVAC). The plant has been designed to protect systems, structures, and components critical to placing the reactor in a safe shutdown condition within the steel containment vessel which is further surrounded by a substantial 'steel concrete' composite shield building. The containment vessel is not affected by external flooding, and the shield building design provides hazard protection beyond that provided by a comparable reinforced concrete structure. The intent of this paper is to demonstrate the robustness of the AP1000 design against extreme events. The paper will focus on the plants ability to withstand extreme external events such as beyond design basis flooding, seismic events, and malicious aircraft impact. The paper will highlight the robustness of the AP1000 nuclear island design including the protection provided by the unique AP1000 composite shield building. (authors)« less

Static Stress Transfers Causes Delayed Seismicity Shutdown

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kroll, K.; Richards-Dinger, K. B.; Dieterich, J. H.; Cochran, E. S.

2015-12-01

It has been long debated what role static stress changes play in the enhancement and suppression of seismicity in the near-field region of large earthquakes. While numerous observations have correlated earthquake triggering and elevated seismicity rates with regions of increased Coulomb failure stress (CFS), observations of seismic quiescence in stress shadow regions are more controversial. When observed, seismicity shutdowns are often delayed by days to months following a negative stress perturbation. Some studies propose that the delay in the seismic shutdown can be caused by rupture promoting failure on one fault type while suppressing activity on another; thus the observed seismicity reflects the weighted contribution of the two faulting populations. For example, it was noted that in the 75 years following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, strike-slip faulting earthquakes were inhibited, while thrust faulting events were promoted. However, definitive observations supporting this delayed shutdown mechanism are rare. In this study, we report seismicity rate increases and decreases that correlate with regions of Coulomb stress transfer, and show observations of a delayed shutdown in the Yuha Desert, California. We use a Coulomb stress change model coupled with a rate-and state- earthquake model to show that the delay in the shutdown is due to the combined changes in the rates of normal and strike-slip faulting events following the 2010 M5.72 Ocotillo aftershock of the 2010 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake.

Multiple well-shutdown tests and site-scale flow simulation in fractured rocks

USGS Publications Warehouse

Tiedeman, Claire; Lacombe, Pierre J.; Goode, Daniel J.

2010-01-01

A new method was developed for conducting aquifer tests in fractured-rock flow systems that have a pump-and-treat (P&T) operation for containing and removing groundwater contaminants. The method involves temporary shutdown of individual pumps in wells of the P&T system. Conducting aquifer tests in this manner has several advantages, including (1) no additional contaminated water is withdrawn, and (2) hydraulic containment of contaminants remains largely intact because pumping continues at most wells. The well-shutdown test method was applied at the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), West Trenton, New Jersey, where a P&T operation is designed to contain and remove trichloroethene and its daughter products in the dipping fractured sedimentary rocks underlying the site. The detailed site-scale subsurface geologic stratigraphy, a three-dimensional MODFLOW model, and inverse methods in UCODE_2005 were used to analyze the shutdown tests. In the model, a deterministic method was used for representing the highly heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity distribution and simulations were conducted using an equivalent porous media method. This approach was very successful for simulating the shutdown tests, contrary to a common perception that flow in fractured rocks must be simulated using a stochastic or discrete fracture representation of heterogeneity. Use of inverse methods to simultaneously calibrate the model to the multiple shutdown tests was integral to the effectiveness of the approach.

STS-55 pad abort: Engine 2011 oxidizer preburner augmented spark igniter check valve leak

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

The STS-55 initial launch attempt of Columbia (OV102) was terminated on KSC launch pad A March 22, 1993 at 9:51 AM E.S.T. due to violation of an ME-3 (Engine 2011) Launch Commit Criteria (LCC) limit exceedance. The event description and timeline are summarized. Propellant loading was initiated on 22 March, 1993 at 1:15 AM EST. All SSME chill parameters and launch commit criteria (LCC) were nominal. At engine start plus 1.44 seconds, a Failure Identification (FID) was posted against Engine 2011 for exceeding the 50 psia Oxidizer Preburner (OPB) purge pressure redline. The engine was shut down at 1.50 seconds followed by Engines 2034 and 2030. All shut down sequences were nominal and the mission was safely aborted. The OPB purge pressure redline violation and the abort profile/overlay for all three engines are depicted. SSME Avionics hardware and software performed nominally during the incident. A review of vehicle data table (VDT) data and controller software logic revealed no failure indications other than the single FID 013-414, OPB purge pressure redline exceeded. Software logic was executed according to requirements and there was no anomalous controller software operation. Immediately following the abort, a Rocketdyne/NASA failure investigation team was assembled. The team successfully isolated the failure cause to the oxidizer preburner augmented spark igniter purge check valve not being fully closed due to contamination. The source of the contaminant was traced to a cut segment from a rubber O-ring which was used in a fine clean tool during valve production prior to 1992. The valve was apparently contaminated during its fabrication in 1985. The valve had performed acceptably on four previous flights of the engine, and SSME flight history shows 780 combined check valve flights without failure. The failure of an Engine 3 (SSME No. 2011) check valve to close was sensed by onboard engine instruments even though all other engine operations were normal. This resulted in an engine shutdown and safe sequential shutdown of all three engines prior to ignition of the solid boosters.

Startup, Shutdown, & Malfunction (SSM) Emissions

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA issued a final action to ensure states have plans in place that are fully consistent with the Clean Air Act and recent court decisions concerning startup, shutdown and malfunction (SSM) operations.

NUMBER AND TYPE OF OPERATING CYCLES FOR THE FFTF

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Boyd, D. C.

1969-05-15

The choice of materials and other vessel design decisions necessary to provide the desired life expectancy for the FTR vessel are partially dependent upon estimates of the number and type of reactor shutdowns and startups which may be anticipated. Current estimates of these so-called "cycles" are given, including scram frequency, experimental outage frequency, standard shutdowns and startups, and rapid controlled shutdowns. Also discussed are abnormal heatup or cooldown, and tentative goals for temperature controls. MTR, ETR, and typical PRTR operating histories are tabulated.

Task 4 completion report for 40 Kilowatt grid connected modification contract

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vogt, J. H.

1983-01-01

Startup, operation in grid connect mode, shutdown from grid connects, operation in isolated mode, shutdown from isolated mode, steady state operation, mode transfers, and voltage disconnects are addressed.

75 FR 33220 - Extension of Public Comment Period for Proposed Rule on the Approval and Promulgation of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-11

...; Excess Emissions During Startup, Shutdown, Maintenance, and Malfunction Activities AGENCY: Environmental...; Texas; Excess Emissions During Startup, Shutdown, Maintenance, and Malfunction Activities.'' As...

Startup, Shutdown, & Malfunction (SSM) Emissions at Industrial Facilities

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA issued a final action to ensure states have plans in place that are fully consistent with the Clean Air Act and recent court decisions concerning startup, shutdown and malfunction (SSM) operations.

Staged venting of fuel cell system during rapid shutdown

DOEpatents

Clingerman, Bruce J.; Doan, Tien M.; Keskula, Donald H.

2002-01-01

A venting methodology and system for rapid shutdown of a fuel cell apparatus of the type used in a vehicle propulsion system. H.sub.2 and air flows to the fuel cell stack are slowly bypassed to the combustor upon receipt of a rapid shutdown command. The bypass occurs over a period of time (for example one to five seconds) using conveniently-sized bypass valves. Upon receipt of the rapid shutdown command, the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack is instantaneously vented to a remote vent to remove all H.sub.2 from the stack. Airflow to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack gradually diminishes over the bypass period, and when the airflow bypass is complete the cathode inlet is also instantaneously vented to a remote vent to eliminate pressure differentials across the stack.

Staged venting of fuel cell system during rapid shutdown

DOEpatents

Keskula, Donald H.; Doan, Tien M.; Clingerman, Bruce J.

2004-09-14

A venting methodology and system for rapid shutdown of a fuel cell apparatus of the type used in a vehicle propulsion system. H.sub.2 and air flows to the fuel cell stack are slowly bypassed to the combustor upon receipt of a rapid shutdown command. The bypass occurs over a period of time (for example one to five seconds) using conveniently-sized bypass valves. Upon receipt of the rapid shutdown command, the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack is instantaneously vented to a remote vent to remove all H.sub.2 from the stack. Airflow to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack gradually diminishes over the bypass period, and when the airflow bypass is complete the cathode inlet is also instantaneously vented to a remote vent to eliminate pressure differentials across the stack.

Dioxins from medical waste incineration: Normal operation and transient conditions.

PubMed

Chen, Tong; Zhan, Ming-xiu; Yan, Mi; Fu, Jian-ying; Lu, Sheng-yong; Li, Xiao-dong; Yan, Jian-hua; Buekens, Alfons

2015-07-01

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are key pollutants in waste incineration. At present, incinerator managers and official supervisors focus only on emissions evolving during steady-state operation. Yet, these emissions may considerably be raised during periods of poor combustion, plant shutdown, and especially when starting-up from cold. Until now there were no data on transient emissions from medical (or hospital) waste incineration (MWI). However, MWI is reputed to engender higher emissions than those from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI). The emission levels in this study recorded for shutdown and start-up, however, were significantly higher: 483 ± 184 ng Nm(-3) (1.47 ± 0.17 ng I-TEQ Nm(-3)) for shutdown and 735 ng Nm(-3) (7.73 ng I-TEQ Nm(-3)) for start-up conditions, respectively. Thus, the average (I-TEQ) concentration during shutdown is 2.6 (3.8) times higher than the average concentration during normal operation, and the average (I-TEQ) concentration during start-up is 4.0 (almost 20) times higher. So monitoring should cover the entire incineration cycle, including start-up, operation and shutdown, rather than optimised operation only. This suggestion is important for medical waste incinerators, as these facilities frequently start up and shut down, because of their small size, or of lacking waste supply. Forthcoming operation should shift towards much longer operating cycles, i.e., a single weekly start-up and shutdown. © The Author(s) 2015.

Crew Exploration Vehicle Service Module Ascent Abort Coverage

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tedesco, Mark B.; Evans, Bryan M.; Merritt, Deborah S.; Falck, Robert D.

2007-01-01

The Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) is required to maintain continuous abort capability from lift off through destination arrival. This requirement is driven by the desire to provide the capability to safely return the crew to Earth after failure scenarios during the various phases of the mission. This paper addresses abort trajectory design considerations, concept of operations and guidance algorithm prototypes for the portion of the ascent trajectory following nominal jettison of the Launch Abort System (LAS) until safe orbit insertion. Factors such as abort system performance, crew load limits, natural environments, crew recovery, and vehicle element disposal were investigated to determine how to achieve continuous vehicle abort capability.

Improved refractory performance through partnership

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Linck, F.E.; Peters, D.

1995-12-31

From the early designs and construction of Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) boilers, many improvements have been made based upon observations of performance. Included in these improvements have been the refractory linings. The early refractory linings were subjected to extreme fluctuations in temperatures as the units experienced up and down conditions. As the designs were improved refractory failures were mostly due to the operating conditions and other mechanical stresses rather than continual shutdowns and startups. More recent problems observed with refractory linings are localized areas of high erosion, corrosion and cracking which result in hot spots and eventual shutdowns for repair.more » Today the objective of refractory suppliers and installers is to strive towards planned shutdowns rather than emergency shutdowns. This can be accomplished through partnerships between operations, material suppliers and installers. In essence, the concept is a cooperative effort between these groups to solve the variety of refractory problems in order to achieve longer refractory lining performance and less chance for emergency shutdowns. The reliability of the refractory lining is dependent on the successful combination of the material selected, proper design and the installation of the refractory material. Where these three elements combine, the lining has the best chance of performing its intended purpose.« less

40 CFR 63.6105 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... to you at all times except during startup, shutdown, and malfunctions. (b) If you must comply with... times including during startup, shutdown, and malfunction. Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements ...

Users guide for guidance and control Launch and Abort Simulation for Spacecraft (LASS), volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Havig, T. F.; Backman, H. D.

1972-01-01

The mathematical models and computer program which are used to implement LASS are described. The computer program provides for a simulation of boost to orbit and abort capability from boost trajectories to a prescribed target. The abort target provides a decision point for engine shutdown from which the vehicle coasts to the vicinity of the selected abort recovery site. The simulation is a six degree of freedom simulation describing a rigid body. The vehicle is influenced by forces and moments from nondistributed aerodynamics. An adaptive autopilot is provided to control vehicle attitudes during powered and unpowered flight. A conventional autopilot is provided for study of vehicle during powered flight.

Verification of voltage/frequency requirement for emergency diesel generator in nuclear power plant using dynamic modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hur, Jin-Suk; Roh, Myung-Sub

2014-02-01

One major cause of the plant shutdown is the loss of electrical power. The study is to comprehend the coping action against station blackout including emergency diesel generator, sequential loading of safety system and to ensure that the emergency diesel generator should meet requirements, especially voltage and frequency criteria using modeling tool. This paper also considered the change of the sequencing time and load capacity only for finding electrical design margin. However, the revision of load list must be verified with safety analysis. From this study, it is discovered that new load calculation is a key factor in EDG localization and in-house capability increase.

A Self Contained Method for Safe and Precise Lunar Landing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Paschall, Stephen C., II; Brady, Tye; Cohanim, Babak; Sostaric, Ronald

2008-01-01

The return of humans to the Moon will require increased capability beyond that of the previous Apollo missions. Longer stay times and a greater flexibility with regards to landing locations are among the many improvements planned. A descent and landing system that can land the vehicle more accurately than Apollo with a greater ability to detect and avoid hazards is essential to the development of a Lunar Outpost, and also for increasing the number of potentially reachable Lunar Sortie locations. This descent and landing system should allow landings in more challenging terrain and provide more flexibility with regards to mission timing and lighting considerations, while maintaining safety as the top priority. The lunar landing system under development by the ALHAT (Autonomous precision Landing and Hazard detection Avoidance Technology) project is addressing this by providing terrain-relative navigation measurements to enhance global-scale precision, an onboard hazard-detection system to select safe landing locations, and an Autonomous GNC (Guidance, Navigation, and Control) capability to process these measurements and safely direct the vehicle to this landing location. This ALHAT landing system will enable safe and precise lunar landings without requiring lunar infrastructure in the form of navigation aids or a priori identified hazard-free landing locations. The safe landing capability provided by ALHAT uses onboard active sensing to detect hazards that are large enough to be a danger to the vehicle but too small to be detected from orbit, given currently planned orbital terrain resolution limits. Algorithms to interpret raw active sensor terrain data and generate hazard maps as well as identify safe sites and recalculate new trajectories to those sites are included as part of the ALHAT System. These improvements to descent and landing will help contribute to repeated safe and precise landings for a wide variety of terrain on the Moon.

40 CFR 62.14413 - When do the emission limits and stack opacity requirements apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... all times except during periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction, provided that no hospital waste or medical/infectious waste is charged to your HMIWI during periods of startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 62.14413 - When do the emission limits and stack opacity requirements apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... all times except during periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction, provided that no hospital waste or medical/infectious waste is charged to your HMIWI during periods of startup, shutdown, or...

40 CFR 62.14413 - When do the emission limits and stack opacity requirements apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... all times except during periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction, provided that no hospital waste or medical/infectious waste is charged to your HMIWI during periods of startup, shutdown, or...

Telematics Options and Capabilities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hodge, Cabell

This presentation describes the data tracking and analytical capabilities of telematics devices. Federal fleet managers can use the systems to keep their drivers safe, maintain a fuel efficient fleet, ease their reporting burden, and save money. The presentation includes an example of how much these capabilities can save fleets.

Design Report for the ½ Scale Air-Cooled RCCS Tests in the Natural convection Shutdown heat removal Test Facility (NSTF)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lisowski, D. D.; Farmer, M. T.; Lomperski, S.

The Natural convection Shutdown heat removal Test Facility (NSTF) is a large scale thermal hydraulics test facility that has been built at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). The facility was constructed in order to carry out highly instrumented experiments that can be used to validate the performance of passive safety systems for advanced reactor designs. The facility has principally been designed for testing of Reactor Cavity Cooling System (RCCS) concepts that rely on natural convection cooling for either air or water-based systems. Standing 25-m in height, the facility is able to supply up to 220 kW at 21 kW/m 2 tomore » accurately simulate the heat fluxes at the walls of a reactor pressure vessel. A suite of nearly 400 data acquisition channels, including a sophisticated fiber optic system for high density temperature measurements, guides test operations and provides data to support scaling analysis and modeling efforts. Measurements of system mass flow rate, air and surface temperatures, heat flux, humidity, and pressure differentials, among others; are part of this total generated data set. The following report provides an introduction to the top level-objectives of the program related to passively safe decay heat removal, a detailed description of the engineering specifications, design features, and dimensions of the test facility at Argonne. Specifications of the sensors and their placement on the test facility will be provided, along with a complete channel listing of the data acquisition system.« less

Viking 1975 Orbiter Development Test Model/Lander Dynamic Test Model dynamic environmental testing - An overview

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Milder, G.

1975-01-01

The current work presents an overview of the Viking 1975 environmental testing from an engineering standpoint. An extremely large vibration test fixture had to be designed, analyzed, and integrated into a test setup that employed hydrostatic bearings in a new fashion. A vibration control system was also required that would allow for thirty-six channels of sine-wave peak select control from acceleration, force-of-strain transducers. In addition, some 68 channels of peak limiting shutdown capability were needed for backup and monitoring of other data during the forced vibration test. Pretesting included analyses of the fixture design, overturning moment, control system capabilities, and response of the entire spacecraft/fixture/exciter system to the test environment. Closed-loop control for acoustic testing was a necessity due to the fact that the Viking spacecraft took up a major portion of the volume of the 10,000 cu ft chamber. The spacecraft emerged from testing undamaged.

Shuttle avionics software trials, tribulations and success

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Henderson, O. L.

1985-01-01

The early problems and the solutions developed to provide the required quality software needed to support the space shuttle engine development program are described. The decision to use a programmable digital control system on the space shuttle engine was primarily based upon the need for a flexible control system capable of supporting the total engine mission on a large complex pump fed engine. The mission definition included all control phases from ground checkout through post shutdown propellant dumping. The flexibility of the controller through reprogrammable software allowed the system to respond to the technical challenges and innovation required to develop both the engine and controller hardware. This same flexibility, however, placed a severe strain on the capability of the software development and verification organization. The overall development program required that the software facility accommodate significant growth in both the software requirements and the number of software packages delivered. This challenge was met by reorganization and evolution in the process of developing and verifying software.

Control Strategies for Drug Product Continuous Direct Compression-State of Control, Product Collection Strategies, and Startup/Shutdown Operations for the Production of Clinical Trial Materials and Commercial Products.

PubMed

Almaya, Ahmad; De Belder, Lawrence; Meyer, Robert; Nagapudi, Karthik; Lin, Hung-Ren Homer; Leavesley, Ian; Jayanth, Jayanthy; Bajwa, Gurjit; DiNunzio, James; Tantuccio, Anthony; Blackwood, Dan; Abebe, Admassu

2017-04-01

Continuous manufacturing (CM) has emerged in the pharmaceutical industry as a paradigm shift with significant advantages related to cost, efficiency, flexibility, and higher assurance of quality. The inherent differences from batch processes justify examining the CM control strategy more holistically. This article describes the current thinking for the control and implementation of CM, using the example of a direct compression process and taking into consideration the ICH Q10 definition of "state of control" and process validation requirements. Statistical process control using control charts, sources of variation, process capability, and process performance is explained as a useful concept that can help assess the impact of variation within a batch and indicates if a process is in state of control. The potential for time-variant nature of startup and shutdown with CM is discussed to assure product quality while minimizing waste as well as different options for detection and isolation of non-conforming materials due to process upsets. While different levels of control are possible with CM, an appropriate balance between process control and end product testing is needed depending on the level of process understanding at the different stages of development from the production of clinical supplies through commercialization. Copyright © 2017 American Pharmacists Association®. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Hybrid boosters for future launch vehicles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dargies, E.; Lo, R. E.

There is a striking similarity in the design of the US Space Transportation System, the European ARI-ANE 5P and the Japanese II-II: they all use a high energy cryogenic core stage along with two large solid propellant rocket boosters (SRB's) in order to provide for a high lift-off thrust level. Prior to last years disasters with Challenger and Titan it was widely held that SRB's were cheap, uncomplicated and safe. Even before the revelation by these accidents of severe safety hazards, shuttle operations demonstrated that the SRB's were by no means as cheap as reusable systems ought to be. In addition, they became known as sources of considerable environmental pollution. In contrast, hybrid rocket propulsion systems offer the following potential advantages: • much higher savety level (TNT equivalent almost zero, shut-down capability in case of ignition failure of one unit, inert against unbonding) • choice of non-toxic propellant combinations • equal or higher specific performance For these reasons, system analysis were carried out to examine hybrids as potential alternative to SRB's. Various analytical tools (mass- and performance models, trajectory simulation etc.) were developed for parametrical studies of hybrid propulsion systems. Special attention was devoted to the well-known primary concern of hybrids: geometrical design of the solid fuel grain and regression rate of the ablating surface. Experimental data were used as input wherever possible. In 1985 first studies were carried out to find possible fields of application for hybrid rocket engines. A mass model and a performance model for hybrid rocket motors were developed, taking into account the peculiarities of hybrid combustion as there are i.e. low regression rate and shifting mixture ratio during operation. After some analytical work was done, hybrids proved to be a promising alternative to SRB's. Compared with solids, hybrids offer many advantages.

Advanced Health Management System for the Space Shuttle Main Engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davidson, Matt; Stephens, John

2004-01-01

Boeing-Canoga Park (BCP) and NASA-Marshall Space Flight Center (NASA-MSFC) are developing an Advanced Health Management System (AHMS) for use on the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) that will improve Shuttle safety by reducing the probability of catastrophic engine failures during the powered ascent phase of a Shuttle mission. This is a phased approach that consists of an upgrade to the current Space Shuttle Main Engine Controller (SSMEC) to add turbomachinery synchronous vibration protection and addition of a separate Health Management Computer (HMC) that will utilize advanced algorithms to detect and mitigate predefined engine anomalies. The purpose of the Shuttle AHMS is twofold; one is to increase the probability of successfully placing the Orbiter into the intended orbit, and the other is to increase the probability of being able to safely execute an abort of a Space Transportation System (STS) launch. Both objectives are achieved by increasing the useful work envelope of a Space Shuttle Main Engine after it has developed anomalous performance during launch and the ascent phase of the mission. This increase in work envelope will be the result of two new anomaly mitigation options, in addition to existing engine shutdown, that were previously unavailable. The added anomaly mitigation options include engine throttle-down and performance correction (adjustment of engine oxidizer to fuel ratio), as well as enhanced sensor disqualification capability. The HMC is intended to provide the computing power necessary to diagnose selected anomalous engine behaviors and for making recommendations to the engine controller for anomaly mitigation. Independent auditors have assessed the reduction in Shuttle ascent risk to be on the order of 40% with the combined system and a three times improvement in mission success.

Improvement of In Vivo Expression of Genes Delivered by Self-Amplifying RNA Using Vaccinia Virus Immune Evasion Proteins

PubMed Central

Beissert, Tim; Koste, Lars; Perkovic, Mario; Walzer, Kerstin C.; Erbar, Stephanie; Selmi, Abderraouf; Diken, Mustafa; Kreiter, Sebastian; Türeci, Özlem; Sahin, Ugur

2017-01-01

Among nucleic acid–based delivery platforms, self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vectors are of increasing interest for applications such as transient expression of recombinant proteins and vaccination. saRNA is safe and, due to its capability to amplify intracellularly, high protein levels can be produced from even minute amounts of transfected templates. However, it is an obstacle to full exploitation of this platform that saRNA induces a strong innate host immune response. In transfected cells, pattern recognition receptors sense double-stranded RNA intermediates and via activation of protein kinase R (PKR) and interferon signaling initiate host defense measures including a translational shutdown. To reduce pattern recognition receptor stimulation and unleash suppressed saRNA translation, this study co-delivered non-replicating mRNA encoding vaccinia virus immune evasion proteins E3, K3, and B18. It was shown that E3 is far superior to K3 or B18 as a highly potent blocker of PKR activation and of interferon (IFN)-β upregulation. B18, in contrast, is superior in controlling OAS1, a key IFN-inducible gene involved in viral RNA degradation. By combining all three vaccinia proteins, the study achieved significant suppression of PKR and IFN pathway activation in vitro and enhanced expression of saRNA-encoded genes of interest both in vitro and in vivo. This approach promises to overcome key hurdles of saRNA gene delivery. Its application may improve the bioavailability of the encoded protein, and reduce the effective dose and correspondingly the cost of goods of manufacture in the various fields where saRNA utilization is envisioned. PMID:28877647

Improvement of In Vivo Expression of Genes Delivered by Self-Amplifying RNA Using Vaccinia Virus Immune Evasion Proteins.

PubMed

Beissert, Tim; Koste, Lars; Perkovic, Mario; Walzer, Kerstin C; Erbar, Stephanie; Selmi, Abderraouf; Diken, Mustafa; Kreiter, Sebastian; Türeci, Özlem; Sahin, Ugur

2017-12-01

Among nucleic acid-based delivery platforms, self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vectors are of increasing interest for applications such as transient expression of recombinant proteins and vaccination. saRNA is safe and, due to its capability to amplify intracellularly, high protein levels can be produced from even minute amounts of transfected templates. However, it is an obstacle to full exploitation of this platform that saRNA induces a strong innate host immune response. In transfected cells, pattern recognition receptors sense double-stranded RNA intermediates and via activation of protein kinase R (PKR) and interferon signaling initiate host defense measures including a translational shutdown. To reduce pattern recognition receptor stimulation and unleash suppressed saRNA translation, this study co-delivered non-replicating mRNA encoding vaccinia virus immune evasion proteins E3, K3, and B18. It was shown that E3 is far superior to K3 or B18 as a highly potent blocker of PKR activation and of interferon (IFN)-β upregulation. B18, in contrast, is superior in controlling OAS1, a key IFN-inducible gene involved in viral RNA degradation. By combining all three vaccinia proteins, the study achieved significant suppression of PKR and IFN pathway activation in vitro and enhanced expression of saRNA-encoded genes of interest both in vitro and in vivo. This approach promises to overcome key hurdles of saRNA gene delivery. Its application may improve the bioavailability of the encoded protein, and reduce the effective dose and correspondingly the cost of goods of manufacture in the various fields where saRNA utilization is envisioned.

Experimental critical loadings and control rod worths in LWR-PROTEUS configurations compared with MCNPX results

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Plaschy, M.; Murphy, M.; Jatuff, F.

2006-07-01

The PROTEUS research reactor at the Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI) has been operating since the sixties and has already permitted, due to its high flexibility, investigation of a large range of very different nuclear systems. Currently, the ongoing experimental programme is called LWR-PROTEUS. This programme was started in 1997 and concerns large-scale investigations of advanced light water reactors (LWR) fuels. Until now, the different LWR-PROTEUS phases have permitted to study more than fifteen different configurations, each of them having to be demonstrated to be operationally safe, in particular, for the Swiss safety authorities. In this context, recent developments of themore » PSI computer capabilities have made possible the use of full-scale SD-heterogeneous MCNPX models to calculate accurately different safety related parameters (e.g. the critical driver loading and the shutdown rod worth). The current paper presents the MCNPX predictions of these operational characteristics for seven different LWR-PROTEUS configurations using a large number of nuclear data libraries. More specifically, this significant benchmarking exercise is based on the ENDF/B6v2, ENDF/B6v8, JEF2.2, JEFF3.0, JENDL3.2, and JENDL3.3 libraries. The results highlight certain library specific trends in the prediction of the multiplication factor k{sub eff} (e.g. the systematically larger reactivity calculated with JEF2.2 and the smaller reactivity associated with JEFF3.0). They also confirm the satisfactory determination of reactivity variations by all calculational schemes, for instance, due to the introduction of a safety rod pair, these calculations having been compared with experiments. (authors)« less

Display-And-Alarm Circuit For Accelerometer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bozeman, Richard J., Jr.

1995-01-01

Compact accelerometer assembly consists of commercial accelerometer retrofit with display-and-alarm circuit. Provides simple means for technician attending machine to monitor vibrations. Also simpifies automatic safety shutdown by providing local alarm or shutdown signal when vibration exceeds preset level.

78 FR 18564 - Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB); Notice of Cancellation and Rescheduling of Federal Advisory...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-27

....m. in the Pentagon. Due to weather conditions and a federal government shutdown, the scheduled March... weather conditions and a federal government shutdown, the scheduled March 6, 2013 Board meeting is...

40 CFR 63.6105 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... limitations which apply to you at all times except during startup, shutdown, and malfunctions. (b) If you must... emissions at all times including during startup, shutdown, and malfunction. Testing and Initial Compliance...

40 CFR 63.6105 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... limitations which apply to you at all times except during startup, shutdown, and malfunctions. (b) If you must... emissions at all times including during startup, shutdown, and malfunction. Testing and Initial Compliance...

40 CFR 63.6105 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... limitations which apply to you at all times except during startup, shutdown, and malfunctions. (b) If you must... emissions at all times including during startup, shutdown, and malfunction. Testing and Initial Compliance...

40 CFR 63.11496 - What are the standards and compliance requirements for process vents?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) Startup, shutdown, malfunction (SSM). Section 63.998(b)(2)(iii),(b)(6)(i)(A), and (d)(3) do not apply for.... (i) Startup, shutdown, and malfunction (SSM). References to SSM provisions in subparts that are...

40 CFR 63.11496 - What are the standards and compliance requirements for process vents?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) Startup, shutdown, malfunction (SSM). Section 63.998(b)(2)(iii),(b)(6)(i)(A), and (d)(3) do not apply for.... (i) Startup, shutdown, and malfunction (SSM). References to SSM provisions in subparts that are...

40 CFR 63.11496 - What are the standards and compliance requirements for process vents?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) Startup, shutdown, malfunction (SSM). Section 63.998(b)(2)(iii),(b)(6)(i)(A), and (d)(3) do not apply for.... (i) Startup, shutdown, and malfunction (SSM). References to SSM provisions in subparts that are...

40 CFR 63.9610 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... section at all times, except during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. The terms startup... develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan according to the provisions in § 63.6(e)(3). [68...

The Role of Schools and their Capabilities to Ensure Safe Sheltering During a Storm

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-01

and security aspects include establishing a safe environment in a confined space. While absent from Florida’s 2016 Statewide Emergency Shelter Plan...offer a safe environment for sheltering, and new building codes have been created for this purpose. The northern school districts in Texas sit in...Special Feature 2: Building a Safe and Secure Educational Environment ,” accessed January 15, 2017, http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/html/hpab201201

Buffer thermal energy storage for a solar Brayton engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Strumpf, H. J.; Barr, K. P.

1981-01-01

A study has been completed on the application of latent-heat buffer thermal energy storage to a point-focusing solar receiver equipped with an air Brayton engine. To aid in the study, a computer program was written for complete transient/stead-state Brayton cycle performance. The results indicated that thermal storage can afford a significant decrease in the number of engine shutdowns as compared to operating without thermal storage. However, the number of shutdowns does not continuously decrease as the storage material weight increases. In fact, there appears to be an optimum weight for minimizing the number of shutdowns.

Confirmation of shutdown cooling effects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sato, Kotaro; Tabuchi, Masato; Sugimura, Naoki; Tatsumi, Masahiro

2015-12-01

After the Fukushima accidents, all nuclear power plants in Japan have gradually stopped their operations and have long periods of shutdown. During those periods, reactivity of fuels continues to change significantly especially for high-burnup UO2 fuels and MOX fuels due to radioactive decays. It is necessary to consider these isotopic changes precisely, to predict neutronics characteristics accurately. In this paper, shutdown cooling (SDC) effects of UO2 and MOX fuels that have unusual operation histories are confirmed by the advanced lattice code, AEGIS. The calculation results show that the effects need to be considered even after nuclear power plants come back to normal operation.

Study on regional air quality impact from a chemical plant emergency shutdown.

PubMed

Ge, Sijie; Wang, Sujing; Xu, Qiang; Ho, Thomas

2018-06-01

Emergency shutdowns of chemical plants (ESCP) inevitably generate intensive and huge amounts of VOCs and NO x emissions through flaring that can cause highly localized and transient air pollution events with elevated ozone concentrations. However, quantitative studies of regional ozone impact due to ESCP, in terms of how ESCP would affect and to what extent ESCP could impact, are still lacking. This paper reports a systematic study on regional air quality impact from an olefin plant emergency shutdown due to the sudden failure of its cracked gas compressor (CGC). It demonstrates that emergency shutdown may cause significant ozone increment subject to different factors such as the starting time of emergency shutdown, flare destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) and plant location. In our studied case, the 8-hr ozone increment ranges from 0.4 to 3.3 ppb under different starting time, from 3.3 to 24.8 ppb under different DRE, and from 1.6 to 3.3 ppb under different locations. The results enable us to understand how and to what extent emergency operating activities of the chemical process will affect local air quality, which might be beneficial for decision makings on emergency air-quality response and control in the future. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

N Reactor Deactivation Program Plan. Revision 4

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Walsh, J.L.

1993-12-01

This N Reactor Deactivation Program Plan is structured to provide the basic methodology required to place N Reactor and supporting facilities {center_dot} in a radiologically and environmentally safe condition such that they can be decommissioned at a later date. Deactivation will be in accordance with facility transfer criteria specified in Department of Energy (DOE) and Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC) guidance. Transition activities primarily involve shutdown and isolation of operational systems and buildings, radiological/hazardous waste cleanup, N Fuel Basin stabilization and environmental stabilization of the facilities. The N Reactor Deactivation Program covers the period FY 1992 through FY 1997. The directivemore » to cease N Reactor preservation and prepare for decommissioning was issued by DOE to WHC on September 20, 1991. The work year and budget data supporting the Work Breakdown Structure in this document are found in the Activity Data Sheets (ADS) and the Environmental Restoration Program Baseline, that are prepared annually.« less

Ranking of sabotage/tampering avoidance technology alternatives

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Andrews, W.B.; Tabatabai, A.S.; Powers, T.B.

1986-01-01

Pacific Northwest Laboratory conducted a study to evaluate alternatives to the design and operation of nuclear power plants, emphasizing a reduction of their vulnerability to sabotage. Estimates of core melt accident frequency during normal operations and from sabotage/tampering events were used to rank the alternatives. Core melt frequency for normal operations was estimated using sensitivity analysis of results of probabilistic risk assessments. Core melt frequency for sabotage/tampering was estimated by developing a model based on probabilistic risk analyses, historic data, engineering judgment, and safeguards analyses of plant locations where core melt events could be initiated. Results indicate the most effectivemore » alternatives focus on large areas of the plant, increase safety system redundancy, and reduce reliance on single locations for mitigation of transients. Less effective options focus on specific areas of the plant, reduce reliance on some plant areas for safe shutdown, and focus on less vulnerable targets.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaSalle, F.R.; Golbeg, P.R.; Chenault, D.M.

For reactor and nuclear facilities, both Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 50, and US Department of Energy Order 6430.1A require assessments of the interaction of non-Safety Class 1 piping and equipment with Safety Class 1 piping and equipment during a seismic event to maintain the safety function. The safety class systems of nuclear reactors or nuclear facilities are designed to the applicable American Society of Mechanical Engineers standards and Seismic Category 1 criteria that require rigorous analysis, construction, and quality assurance. Because non-safety class systems are generally designed to lesser standards and seismic criteria, they may become missilesmore » during a safe shutdown earthquake. The resistance of piping, tubing, and equipment to seismically generated missiles is addressed in the paper. Gross plastic and local penetration failures are considered with applicable test verification. Missile types and seismic zones of influence are discussed. Field qualification data are also developed for missile evaluation.« less

Systems and methods for harvesting and storing materials produced in a nuclear reactor

DOEpatents

Heinold, Mark R.; Dayal, Yogeshwar; Brittingham, Martin W.

2016-04-05

Systems produce desired isotopes through irradiation in nuclear reactor instrumentation tubes and deposit the same in a robust facility for immediate shipping, handling, and/or consumption. Irradiation targets are inserted and removed through inaccessible areas without plant shutdown and placed in the harvesting facility, such as a plurality of sealable and shipping-safe casks and/or canisters. Systems may connect various structures in a sealed manner to avoid release of dangerous or unwanted matter throughout the nuclear plant, and/or systems may also automatically decontaminate materials to be released. Useable casks or canisters can include plural barriers for containment that are temporarily and selectively removable with specially-configured paths inserted therein. Penetrations in the facilities may limit waste or pneumatic gas escape and allow the same to be removed from the systems without over-pressurization or leakage. Methods include processing irradiation targets through such systems and securely delivering them in such harvesting facilities.

33 CFR 127.205 - Emergency shutdown.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) WATERFRONT FACILITIES WATERFRONT FACILITIES HANDLING LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS AND LIQUEFIED HAZARDOUS GAS Waterfront Facilities Handling Liquefied Natural Gas Equipment § 127.205 Emergency shutdown. Each transfer... automatically when the fixed sensors under § 127.201(b) measure LNG concentrations exceeding 40% of the lower...

33 CFR 127.205 - Emergency shutdown.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) WATERFRONT FACILITIES WATERFRONT FACILITIES HANDLING LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS AND LIQUEFIED HAZARDOUS GAS Waterfront Facilities Handling Liquefied Natural Gas Equipment § 127.205 Emergency shutdown. Each transfer... automatically when the fixed sensors under § 127.201(b) measure LNG concentrations exceeding 40% of the lower...

Despite the Shutdown, Rescheduled NIH Research Festival Brings Science to the Forefront | Poster

Cancer.gov

By Andrea Frydl, Contributing Writer Although it was delayed by almost a month because of the federal shutdown, the NIH Research Festival still took place at the NIH Clinical Center in Bethesda, Md., and attendance was high.

Effect of the Online Game Shutdown Policy on Internet Use, Internet Addiction, and Sleeping Hours in Korean Adolescents.

PubMed

Choi, Jiyun; Cho, Hyunseok; Lee, Seungmin; Kim, Juyeong; Park, Eun-Cheol

2018-05-01

Internet addiction has emerged as a major public health problem worldwide. In November 2011, the South Korean government implemented an online game shutdown policy, lasting from 12:00 to 6:00 am, as a means of preventing Internet addiction in adolescents aged 15 or below. This study analyzed the effect of this shutdown policy on adolescent Internet use, addiction, and sleeping hours. We analyzed data collected from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey from 2011 to 2015. Respondents were divided into two groups by age: aged 15 or below (male = 76,048, female = 66,281) and aged 16 or above (male = 52,568, female = 49,060). A difference-in-difference analysis was used to evaluate the effect of this shutdown policy. In 2012, which is immediately following policy enforcement, daily amount of Internet use (in minutes) decreased more in adolescents affected by the policy (i.e., the aged 15 or below group). However, it steadily increased in 2013, 2014, 2015, and showed no meaningful long-term improvements 4 years after policy implementation (-3.648 minutes in 2012 [p = .001], -3.204 minutes in 2013 [p = .011], -1.140 minutes in 2014 [p = .384], and 2.190 minutes in 2015 [p = .107]). The shutdown policy did not alter Internet addiction or sleeping hours. Interestingly, female adolescents, adolescents with low academic performance, and adolescents with low exercise levels exhibited comparatively stronger and longer lasting initial declines in Internet usage. The shutdown policy had practically insignificant effects in reducing Internet use for target adolescents. Thus, policymakers aiming to reduce or prevent Internet addiction should use different strategies. Copyright © 2017 The Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

46 CFR 63.15-7 - Alarms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING AUTOMATIC AUXILIARY BOILERS General Requirements § 63.15-7 Alarms. (a) An audible alarm must automatically sound when a flame safety system shutdown occurs. A visible indicator must indicate that the shutdown was caused by the flame safety system...

46 CFR 63.15-7 - Alarms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING AUTOMATIC AUXILIARY BOILERS General Requirements § 63.15-7 Alarms. (a) An audible alarm must automatically sound when a flame safety system shutdown occurs. A visible indicator must indicate that the shutdown was caused by the flame safety system...

46 CFR 63.15-7 - Alarms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING AUTOMATIC AUXILIARY BOILERS General Requirements § 63.15-7 Alarms. (a) An audible alarm must automatically sound when a flame safety system shutdown occurs. A visible indicator must indicate that the shutdown was caused by the flame safety system...

46 CFR 63.15-7 - Alarms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING AUTOMATIC AUXILIARY BOILERS General Requirements § 63.15-7 Alarms. (a) An audible alarm must automatically sound when a flame safety system shutdown occurs. A visible indicator must indicate that the shutdown was caused by the flame safety system...

46 CFR 63.15-7 - Alarms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING AUTOMATIC AUXILIARY BOILERS General Requirements § 63.15-7 Alarms. (a) An audible alarm must automatically sound when a flame safety system shutdown occurs. A visible indicator must indicate that the shutdown was caused by the flame safety system...

30 CFR 7.103 - Safety system control test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... sensors which will automatically activate the safety shutdown system and stop the engine before the... the temperature sensor in the exhaust gas stream which will automatically activate the safety shutdown... using a wet exhaust conditioner, determine the effectiveness of the temperature sensor in the exhaust...

30 CFR 7.103 - Safety system control test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... sensors which will automatically activate the safety shutdown system and stop the engine before the... the temperature sensor in the exhaust gas stream which will automatically activate the safety shutdown... using a wet exhaust conditioner, determine the effectiveness of the temperature sensor in the exhaust...

30 CFR 7.103 - Safety system control test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... sensors which will automatically activate the safety shutdown system and stop the engine before the... the temperature sensor in the exhaust gas stream which will automatically activate the safety shutdown... using a wet exhaust conditioner, determine the effectiveness of the temperature sensor in the exhaust...

40 CFR 63.310 - Requirements for startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... plan, the owner or operator may use the standard operating procedures manual for the battery, provided... startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan that describes procedures for operating the battery, including... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE...

40 CFR 63.310 - Requirements for startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... plan, the owner or operator may use the standard operating procedures manual for the battery, provided... startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan that describes procedures for operating the battery, including... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE...

40 CFR 63.310 - Requirements for startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... plan, the owner or operator may use the standard operating procedures manual for the battery, provided... startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan that describes procedures for operating the battery, including... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE...

40 CFR 63.310 - Requirements for startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... plan, the owner or operator may use the standard operating procedures manual for the battery, provided... startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan that describes procedures for operating the battery, including... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE...

Fermilab | Science

Science.gov Websites

Book Newsroom Newsroom News and features Press releases Photo gallery Fact sheets and brochures Media Tevatron experiments Tevatron operation Shutdown process For the media Video of shutdown event Guest book Quick Links Home Contact Phone Book Fermilab at Work For Industry Jobs Interact Facebook Twitter

40 CFR 63.2250 - What are the general requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., except during periods of process unit or control device startup, shutdown, and malfunction; prior to process unit initial startup; and during the routine control device maintenance exemption specified in... practice requirements are not operating, or during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. Startup...

40 CFR 63.2250 - What are the general requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., except during periods of process unit or control device startup, shutdown, and malfunction; prior to process unit initial startup; and during the routine control device maintenance exemption specified in... practice requirements are not operating, or during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. Startup...

40 CFR 63.2250 - What are the general requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., except during periods of process unit or control device startup, shutdown, and malfunction; prior to process unit initial startup; and during the routine control device maintenance exemption specified in... practice requirements are not operating, or during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. Startup...

40 CFR 63.1354 - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... owner or operator during a startup, shutdown, or malfunction of an affected source (including actions taken to correct a malfunction) are consistent with the procedures specified in the source's startup... information in a semiannual report. Reports shall only be required if a startup, shutdown, or malfunction...

40 CFR 60.51Da - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... excluded from the calculation of average emission rates because of startup, shutdown, malfunction (NOX only... than startup, shutdown, malfunction, or emergency conditions. (6) Identification of “F” factor used for calculations, method of determination, and type of fuel combusted. (7) Identification of times when hourly...

49 CFR 192.167 - Compressor stations: Emergency shutdown.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Components § 192.167 Compressor stations: Emergency shutdown. (a) Except for unattended field compressor... fires, and electrical facilities in the vicinity of gas headers and in the compressor building, except that: (i) Electrical circuits that supply emergency lighting required to assist station personnel in...

49 CFR 192.167 - Compressor stations: Emergency shutdown.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Components § 192.167 Compressor stations: Emergency shutdown. (a) Except for unattended field compressor... fires, and electrical facilities in the vicinity of gas headers and in the compressor building, except that: (i) Electrical circuits that supply emergency lighting required to assist station personnel in...

The cochaperone shutdown defines a group of biogenesis factors essential for all piRNA populations in Drosophila.

PubMed

Olivieri, Daniel; Senti, Kirsten-André; Subramanian, Sailakshmi; Sachidanandam, Ravi; Brennecke, Julius

2012-09-28

In animal gonads, PIWI proteins and their bound 23-30 nt piRNAs guard genome integrity by the sequence specific silencing of transposons. Two branches of piRNA biogenesis, namely primary processing and ping-pong amplification, have been proposed. Despite an overall conceptual understanding of piRNA biogenesis, identity and/or function of the involved players are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate an essential role for the female sterility gene shutdown in piRNA biology. Shutdown, an evolutionarily conserved cochaperone collaborates with Hsp90 during piRNA biogenesis, potentially at the loading step of RNAs into PIWI proteins. We demonstrate that Shutdown is essential for both primary and secondary piRNA populations in Drosophila. An extension of our study to previously described piRNA pathway members revealed three distinct groups of biogenesis factors. Together with data on how PIWI proteins are wired into primary and secondary processing, we propose a unified model for piRNA biogenesis. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Result from, and status of, EXO-200

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Daniels, Tim; EXO-200 Collaboration

2017-01-01

EXO-200 has provided one of the most sensitive searches for neutrinoless double-beta decay utilizing 175 kg of enriched liquid xenon in an ultra-low background time projection chamber. This detector has demonstrated excellent energy resolution and background rejection capabilities. Using the first two years of data, EXO-200 has set a limit of 1 . 1 ×1025 y at 90 double-beta decay half-life of 136Xe. The experiment has experienced a brief hiatus in data taking during a temporary shutdown of its host facility: the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. EXO-200 has resumed data taking in earnest with upgraded detector electronics. Results from the analysis of EXO-200 data and an update on the current status of EXO-200 will be presented.

Proposed fast-response oxygen monitoring and control system for the Langley 8-foot high-temperature tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Singh, J. J.; Davis, W. T.; Puster, R. L.

1983-01-01

A fast-response oxygen monitoring and control system, based on a Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 sensor, was developed and tested in the laboratory. The system is capable of maintaining oxygen concentration in the CH4-O2-air combustion product gases at 20.9 + or - 1.0 percent. If the oxygen concentration in the exhaust stream differs from that in normal air by 25 percent or more, an alarm signal is provided for automatic tunnel shutdown. The overall prototype system response time was reduced from about 1 sec in the original configuration to about 0.2 sec. The basis of operation and the results of laboratory tests of the system are described.

Antarctic Projects Stymied by the Shutdown

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Showstack, Randy

2013-10-01

The U.S. federal government shutdown coincided with the beginning of the Antarctic austral summer research window, and many scientists told Eos they are deeply concerned about the impacts on research there. John Priscu, a lead principal investigator with the Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (WISSARD) project in West Antarctica, said the government shutdown "threw us a curve that I did not anticipate or plan for." Pricsu, who has spent 30 seasons working in Antarctica under federal funding, said that a hole in the project's long-term data set "will have a major impact on the models we are developing to examine climate-induced changes" in Antarctic ecosystems.

Safety shutdown separators

DOEpatents

Carlson, Steven Allen; Anakor, Ifenna Kingsley; Farrell, Greg Robert

2015-06-30

The present invention pertains to electrochemical cells which comprise (a) an anode; (b) a cathode; (c) a solid porous separator, such as a polyolefin, xerogel, or inorganic oxide separator; and (d) a nonaqueous electrolyte, wherein the separator comprises a porous membrane having a microporous coating comprising polymer particles which have not coalesced to form a continuous film. This microporous coating on the separator acts as a safety shutdown layer that rapidly increases the internal resistivity and shuts the cell down upon heating to an elevated temperature, such as 110.degree. C. Also provided are methods for increasing the safety of an electrochemical cell by utilizing such separators with a safety shutdown layer.

Space Launch System (SLS) Safety, Mission Assurance, and Risk Mitigation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

May, Todd

2013-01-01

SLS Driving Objectives: I. Safe: a) Human-rated to provide safe and reliable systems for human missions. b) Protecting the public, NASA workforce, high-value equipment and property, and the environment from potential harm. II. Affordable: a) Maximum use of common elements and existing assets, infrastructure, and workforce. b) Constrained budget environment. c) Competitive opportunities for affordability on-ramps. III. Sustainable: a) Initial capability: 70 metric tons (t), 2017-2021. 1) Serves as primary transportation for Orion and exploration missions. 2) Provides back-up capability for crew/cargo to ISS. b) Evolved capability: 105 t and 130 t, post-2021. 1) Offers large volume for science missions and payloads. 2) Modular and flexible, right-sized for mission requirements.

47 CFR 95.628 - MedRadio transmitters in the 413-419 MHz, 426-432 MHz, 438-444 MHz, and 451-457 MHz bands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... transmitters shall incorporate a programmable means to implement a system shutdown process in the event of... transmitters shall incorporate a programmable means to implement a system shutdown process in the event of...

40 CFR 63.1101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... operation. A unit operation may have more than one batch emission episode per batch cycle. For example, a... shutdowns and during periods not associated with a shutdown. Examples of activities that can generate... management units such as an air flotation unit, clarifier, or biological treatment unit. Examples of an oil...

40 CFR 63.1101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... operation. A unit operation may have more than one batch emission episode per batch cycle. For example, a... shutdowns and during periods not associated with a shutdown. Examples of activities that can generate... management units such as an air flotation unit, clarifier, or biological treatment unit. Examples of an oil...

40 CFR 63.1101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... operation. A unit operation may have more than one batch emission episode per batch cycle. For example, a... shutdowns and during periods not associated with a shutdown. Examples of activities that can generate... management units such as an air flotation unit, clarifier, or biological treatment unit. Examples of an oil...

40 CFR 63.1101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... operation. A unit operation may have more than one batch emission episode per batch cycle. For example, a... shutdowns and during periods not associated with a shutdown. Examples of activities that can generate... management units such as an air flotation unit, clarifier, or biological treatment unit. Examples of an oil...

40 CFR 63.1101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... operation. A unit operation may have more than one batch emission episode per batch cycle. For example, a... shutdowns and during periods not associated with a shutdown. Examples of activities that can generate... management units such as an air flotation unit, clarifier, or biological treatment unit. Examples of an oil...

Fermilab | Contact Fermilab

Science.gov Websites

Book Newsroom Newsroom News and features Press releases Photo gallery Fact sheets and brochures Media Tevatron experiments Tevatron operation Shutdown process For the media Video of shutdown event Guest book Cookies Quick Links Home Contact Phone Book Fermilab at Work For Industry Jobs Interact Facebook Twitter

Fermilab | About Fermilab

Science.gov Websites

Book Newsroom Newsroom News and features Press releases Photo gallery Fact sheets and brochures Media Tevatron experiments Tevatron operation Shutdown process For the media Video of shutdown event Guest book Links Home Contact Phone Book Fermilab at Work For Industry Jobs Interact Facebook Twitter Instagram

The AP1000{sup R} nuclear power plant innovative features for extended station blackout mitigation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vereb, F.; Winters, J.; Schulz, T.

2012-07-01

Station Blackout (SBO) is defined as 'a condition wherein a nuclear power plant sustains a loss of all offsite electric power system concurrent with turbine trip and unavailability of all onsite emergency alternating current (AC) power system. Station blackout does not include the loss of available AC power to buses fed by station batteries through inverters or by alternate AC sources as defined in this section, nor does it assume a concurrent single failure or design basis accident...' in accordance with Reference 1. In this paper, the innovative features of the AP1000 plant design are described with their operation inmore » the scenario of an extended station blackout event. General operation of the passive safety systems are described as well as the unique features which allow the AP1000 plant to cope for at least 7 days during station blackout. Points of emphasis will include: - Passive safety system operation during SBO - 'Fail-safe' nature of key passive safety system valves; automatically places the valve in a conservatively safe alignment even in case of multiple failures in all power supply systems, including normal AC and battery backup - Passive Spent Fuel Pool cooling and makeup water supply during SBO - Robustness of AP1000 plant due to the location of key systems, structures and components required for Safe Shutdown - Diverse means of supplying makeup water to the Passive Containment Cooling System (PCS) and the Spent Fuel Pool (SFP) through use of an engineered, safety-related piping interface and portable equipment, as well as with permanently installed onsite ancillary equipment. (authors)« less

A multi-physics analysis for the actuation of the SSS in opal reactor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferraro, Diego; Alberto, Patricio; Villarino, Eduardo; Doval, Alicia

2018-05-01

OPAL is a 20 MWth multi-purpose open-pool type Research Reactor located at Lucas Heights, Australia. It was designed, built and commissioned by INVAP between 2000 and 2006 and it has been operated by the Australia Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO) showing a very good overall performance. On November 2016, OPAL reached 10 years of continuous operation, becoming one of the most reliable and available in its kind worldwide, with an unbeaten record of being fully operational 307 days a year. One of the enhanced safety features present in this state-of-art reactor is the availability of an independent, diverse and redundant Second Shutdown System (SSS), which consists in the drainage of the heavy water reflector contained in the Reflector Vessel. As far as high quality experimental data is available from reactor commissioning and operation stages and even from early component design validation stages, several models both regarding neutronic and thermo-hydraulic approaches have been developed during recent years using advanced calculations tools and the novel capabilities to couple them. These advanced models were developed in order to assess the capability of such codes to simulate and predict complex behaviours and develop highly detail analysis. In this framework, INVAP developed a three-dimensional CFD model that represents the detailed hydraulic behaviour of the Second Shutdown System for an actuation scenario, where the heavy water drainage 3D temporal profiles inside the Reflector Vessel can be obtained. This model was validated, comparing the computational results with experimental measurements performed in a real-size physical model built by INVAP during early OPAL design engineering stages. Furthermore, detailed 3D Serpent Monte Carlo models are also available, which have been already validated with experimental data from reactor commissioning and operating cycles. In the present work the neutronic and thermohydraulic models, available for OPAL reactor, are coupled by means of a shared unstructured mesh geometry definition of relevant zones inside the Reflector Vessel. Several scenarios, both regarding coupled and uncoupled neutronic & thermohydraulic behavior, are presented and analyzed, showing the capabilities to develop and manage advanced modelling that allows to predict multi-physics variables observed when an in-depth performance analysis of a Research Reactor like OPAL is carried out.

Submerged passively-safe power plant

DOEpatents

Herring, J. Stephen

1993-01-01

The invention as presented consists of a submerged passively-safe power station including a pressurized water reactor capable of generating at least 600 MW of electricity, encased in a double hull vessel, and provides fresh water by using the spent thermal energy in a multistage flash desalination process.

50 CFR 216.274 - Mitigation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... safe speed. Release of ordnance through cloud cover is prohibited: aircraft must be able to actually... would be used. These aircraft would be capable of flying at the slow safe speeds necessary to enable... patrol aircraft aircrews, and Anti-submarine Warfare (ASW)/Mine Warfare (MIW) helicopter crews shall...

50 CFR 216.274 - Mitigation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... safe speed. Release of ordnance through cloud cover is prohibited: aircraft must be able to actually... would be used. These aircraft would be capable of flying at the slow safe speeds necessary to enable... patrol aircraft aircrews, and Anti-submarine Warfare (ASW)/Mine Warfare (MIW) helicopter crews shall...

50 CFR 216.274 - Mitigation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... safe speed. Release of ordnance through cloud cover is prohibited: aircraft must be able to actually... would be used. These aircraft would be capable of flying at the slow safe speeds necessary to enable... patrol aircraft aircrews, and Anti-submarine Warfare (ASW)/Mine Warfare (MIW) helicopter crews shall...

Investigation of safe-life fail-safe criteria for the space shuttle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

An investigation was made to determine the effects of a safe-life design approach and a fail-safe design approach on the space shuttle booster vehicle structure, and to recommend any changes to the structural design criteria. Two configurations of the booster vehicle were considered, one incorporating a delta wing (B-9U configuration) and the other a swept wing (B-16B configuration). Several major structural components of the booster were studied to determine the fatigue life, safe-life, and fail-safe capabilities of the baseline design. Each component was investigated to determine the practicability of applying a safe-life or fail-safe design philosophy, the changes such design approaches might require, and the impact of these changes on weight, cost, development plans, and performance.

Fermilab | About Fermilab

Science.gov Websites

news For the media Particle Physics Neutrinos Fermilab and the LHC Dark matter and dark energy ADMX discoveries Questions for the universe Ask a scientist Tevatron Tevatron Timeline Tevatron accelerator Tevatron experiments Tevatron operation Shutdown process For the media Video of shutdown event Guest book

Fermilab | Tevatron | Interactive Timeline

Science.gov Websites

Process Looking Ahead For the Media Video of Shutdown Event Guest Book TevatronImpact June 11, 2012 About the Symposium Symposium Agenda Travel & Lodging List of Registrants Organizing Committee Follow in the News Quantum Diaries Tevatron Home Looking Ahead For the Media Shutdown Event Previous Next

40 CFR 63.310 - Requirements for startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Coke Oven Batteries § 63.310 Requirements for startups, shutdowns... or operator shall operate and maintain the coke oven battery and its pollution control equipment... operator of a coke oven battery shall develop, according to paragraph (c) of this section, a written...

46 CFR 153.296 - Emergency shutdown stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... shutdown station must contain a single remote actuator for all quick closing shutoff valves required by... on the tankship. (f) Any remote emergency actuator, such as that for a quick closing shut-off valve... remote emergency actuators. The emergency action must occur whether one or several actuators are operated...

Fermilab | Visit Fermilab

Science.gov Websites

Book Newsroom Newsroom News and features Press releases Photo gallery Fact sheets and brochures Media Tevatron experiments Tevatron operation Shutdown process For the media Video of shutdown event Guest book check on holiday hours or check the Lederman Science Center website. Groups of six or more must book a

Fermilab | Resources for

Science.gov Websites

Book Newsroom Newsroom News and features Press releases Photo gallery Fact sheets and brochures Media Tevatron experiments Tevatron operation Shutdown process For the media Video of shutdown event Guest book Science Security, Privacy, Legal Use of Cookies Quick Links Home Contact Phone Book Fermilab at Work For

Fermilab | Contact Fermilab | Email Fermilab

Science.gov Websites

Book Newsroom Newsroom News and features Press releases Photo gallery Fact sheets and brochures Media Tevatron experiments Tevatron operation Shutdown process For the media Video of shutdown event Guest book , Legal Use of Cookies Quick Links Home Contact Phone Book Fermilab at Work For Industry Jobs Interact

Fermilab | Tevatron | Shutdown Process

Science.gov Websites

Book Newsroom Newsroom News and features Press releases Photo gallery Fact sheets and brochures Media media Video of shutdown event Guest book Tevatron Impact June 11, 2012 About the symposium Symposium Science Security, Privacy, Legal Use of Cookies Quick Links Home Contact Phone Book Fermilab at Work For

40 CFR 63.1590 - What reports must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... continuing compliance; (iv) The type and quantity of HAP emitted by your POTW treatment plant; (v) A... notification of performance tests; a performance test report; a startup, shutdown, and malfunction report; and... prior to beginning operation of your new or reconstructed POTW. You must also submit a startup, shutdown...

40 CFR 60.11 - Compliance with standards and maintenance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (meaning those fugitive-type emission sources subject only to an opacity standard). (c) The opacity standards set forth in this part shall apply at all times except during periods of startup, shutdown... startup, shutdown, and malfunction, owners and operators shall, to the extent practicable, maintain and...

40 CFR 63.7555 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (v) related to startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (3) Records of performance tests, fuel analyses... the deviation occurred during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction or during another period... monthly fuel use by each boiler or process heater, including the type(s) of fuel and amount(s) used. (2...

40 CFR 63.7555 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (v) related to startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (3) Records of performance tests, fuel analyses... the deviation occurred during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction or during another period... monthly fuel use by each boiler or process heater, including the type(s) of fuel and amount(s) used. (2...

40 CFR 63.9050 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, the compliance... period. This description shall include the type of maintenance performed and the total number of hours...

40 CFR 63.7555 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (v) related to startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (3) Records of performance tests, fuel analyses... the deviation occurred during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction or during another period... monthly fuel use by each boiler or process heater, including the type(s) of fuel and amount(s) used. (2...

40 CFR 63.1590 - What reports must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... continuing compliance; (iv) The type and quantity of HAP emitted by your POTW treatment plant; (v) A... notification of performance tests; a performance test report; a startup, shutdown, and malfunction report; and... prior to beginning operation of your new or reconstructed POTW. You must also submit a startup, shutdown...

40 CFR 63.9050 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, the compliance... period. This description shall include the type of maintenance performed and the total number of hours...

40 CFR 63.9050 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, the compliance... period. This description shall include the type of maintenance performed and the total number of hours...

40 CFR 63.9050 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... of the reporting period. (4) If you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, the compliance... period. This description shall include the type of maintenance performed and the total number of hours...

40 CFR 63.1346 - Operating limits for kilns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... not exceeded, except during periods of startup/shutdown when the temperature limit may be exceeded by..., except during periods of startup/shutdown when the temperature limit may be exceeded by no more than 10... performance test, with or without the raw mill operating, is not exceeded, except during periods of startup...

40 CFR 63.1346 - Operating limits for kilns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... not exceeded, except during periods of startup/shutdown when the temperature limit may be exceeded by..., except during periods of startup/shutdown when the temperature limit may be exceeded by no more than 10... performance test, with or without the raw mill operating, is not exceeded, except during periods of startup...

40 CFR 63.102 - General standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... in § 63.101 of this subpart), malfunction, or non-operation of the chemical manufacturing process... subpart G of this part apply. However, if a start-up, shutdown, malfunction or period of non-operation of... part during the start-up, shutdown, malfunction or period of non-operation. For example, if there is an...

Submerged passively-safe power plant

DOEpatents

Herring, J.S.

1993-09-21

The invention as presented consists of a submerged passively-safe power station including a pressurized water reactor capable of generating at least 600 MW of electricity, encased in a double hull vessel, and provides fresh water by using the spent thermal energy in a multistage flash desalination process. 8 figures.

Fungal biofilters for toluene biofiltration: evaluation of the performance with four packing materials under different operating conditions.

PubMed

Maestre, Juan P; Gamisans, Xavier; Gabriel, David; Lafuente, Javier

2007-03-01

Packing materials play a key role in the performance of bioreactors for waste gas treatment and particularly in biofilter applications. In this work, the performance of four differently packed biofilters operated in parallel for the treatment of relatively high inlet concentration of toluene was studied. The reactors were compared for determining the suitability of coconut fiber, digested sludge compost from a waste water treatment plant, peat and pine leaves as packing materials for biofiltration of toluene. A deep characterisation of materials was carried out. Biological activity and packing capabilities related to toluene removal were determined throughout 240 days of operation under different conditions of nutrients addition and watering regime. Also, biofilters recovering after a short shutdown was investigated. Nutrient addition resulted in improved removal efficiencies (RE) and elimination capacities (EC) of biofilters reaching maximum ECs between 75 and 95 g m(-3)h(-1) of toluene. In the first 80 days, the pH decreased progressively within the reactors, causing a population change from bacteria to fungi, which were the predominant decontaminant microorganisms thereafter. All reactors were found to recover the RE rapidly after a 5 days shutdown and, in a maximum of 7 days, all reactors had been completely recuperated. These results point out that fungal biofilters are a suitable choice to treat high loads of toluene. In general, coconut fiber and compost biofilters exhibited a better performance in terms of elimination capacity and long-term stability.

78 FR 23696 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter Deutschland GmbH (ECD) Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-22

... longitudinal main rotor actuator piston after shut-down of the external pump drive, during rigging of the main... rotor controls, of movement of the longitudinal main rotor actuator piston after shut-down of the external pump drive. Such movement could cause incorrect rigging results. The proposed actions are intended...

40 CFR 74.46 - Opt-in source permanent shutdown, reconstruction, or change in affected status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Opt-in source permanent shutdown, reconstruction, or change in affected status. 74.46 Section 74.46 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) SULFUR DIOXIDE OPT-INS Allowance Tracking and Transfer...

25 CFR 226.28 - Shutdown, abandonment, and plugging of wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... OSAGE RESERVATION LANDS FOR OIL AND GAS MINING Cessation of Operations § 226.28 Shutdown, abandonment... production of oil and/or gas has been demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Superintendent. Lessee shall... the means by which the well bore is to be protected, and the contemplated eventual disposition of the...

A 100 kW experimental wind turbine: Simulation of starting, overspeed, and shutdown characteristics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gilbert, L. J.

1976-01-01

The ERDA/NASA 100 kW experimental wind turbine is modeled on a digital computer in order to study the performance of a wind turbine under operating conditions. Simulation studies of starting, overspeed, and shutdown performance were made. From these studies operating procedures, precautions, and limitations are prescribed.

46 CFR 153.408 - Tank overflow control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... automatic shutdown system must: (1) Be independent of one-another; and (2) Operate on loss of power. (c) The... lettering as specified for the warning sign in § 153.955. (e) A tank overflow alarm must be audible and... loading is controlled on the tankship. (f) The automatic shutdown system or tank overflow alarm must be...

46 CFR 153.408 - Tank overflow control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... automatic shutdown system must: (1) Be independent of one-another; and (2) Operate on loss of power. (c) The... lettering as specified for the warning sign in § 153.955. (e) A tank overflow alarm must be audible and... loading is controlled on the tankship. (f) The automatic shutdown system or tank overflow alarm must be...

78 FR 49553 - Three Mile Island, Unit 2; Post Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-14

...On June 28, 2013, the GPU Nuclear Inc. (GPUN) submitted its Post Shutdown Decommissioning Activity Report (PSDAR) for Three Mile Island, Unit 2 (TMI-2). The PSDAR provides an overview of GPUN's proposed decommissioning activities, schedule, and costs for TMI-2. The NRC is requesting public comments on the PSDAR.

Application of a Self-Actuating Shutdown System (SASS) to a Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor (GCFR)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Germer, J.H.; Peterson, L.F.; Kluck, A.L.

1980-09-01

The application of a SASS (Self-Actuated Shutdown System) to a GCFR (Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor) is compared with similar systems designed for an LMFBR (Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor). A comparison of three basic SASS concepts is given: hydrostatic holdup, fluidic control, and magnetic holdup.

78 FR 19540 - Dominion Energy Kewaunee, Inc., Kewaunee Power Station Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-01

... (KPS) Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report (PSDAR), Revision 0, on Wednesday, April 24, 2013... Management System (ADAMS) Accession No. ML13058A065. In a prior communication on November 2, 2012 (ADAMS... at KPS pending completion of a grid stability review by the Midwest Independent Transmission System...

Impact of Government Shutdown on Child Care and Early Education Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Center for Law and Social Policy, Inc. (CLASP), 2013

2013-01-01

Congress did not enact a continuing resolution bill by midnight September 30, 2013, thereby triggering a partial government shutdown effective October 1, 2013. October 1 began the federal fiscal year 2014. Most discretionary programs, those that are subject to the annual Congressional appropriations process, will not receive 2014 funding. Most,…

76 FR 57900 - Airworthiness Directives; WYTWORNIA SPRZETU KOMUNIKACYJNEGO (WSK) “PZL-RZESZOW”-SPOLKA AKCYJNA...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-19

... Turboshaft Engines AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule; request for... describes the unsafe condition as: An uncommanded engine in-flight shutdown of a PZL-10W has been recently reported. The investigation has shown that the uncommanded engine in-flight shutdown was due to excessive...

Fermilab | Science | Questions for the Universe | Einstein's Dream of

Science.gov Websites

Navbar Toggle Search Search Home About Science Jobs Contact Phone Book Newsroom Newsroom News and Tevatron experiments Tevatron operation Shutdown process For the media Video of shutdown event Guest book Home Contact Phone Book Fermilab at Work For Industry Jobs Interact Facebook Twitter Instagram Google

40 CFR 74.46 - Opt-in source permanent shutdown, reconstruction, or change in affected status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Opt-in source permanent shutdown, reconstruction, or change in affected status. 74.46 Section 74.46 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) SULFUR DIOXIDE OPT-INS Allowance Tracking and Transfer...

40 CFR Table 15 to Subpart Xxxx of... - Requirements for Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... reporting in § 63.6010(f). c. If you had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, the compliance report....6010(b), unless you meet the requirements for annual reporting in § 63.6010(f). 2. Immediate startup...

40 CFR 63.7720 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... operation and maintenance requirements in this subpart at all times, except during periods of startup... process and emissions control equipment. (c) You must develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan according to the provisions in § 63.6(e)(3). The startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan also must...

40 CFR 60.2120 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... 1, 2001 Emission Limitations and Operating Limits § 60.2120 What happens during periods of startup... during CISWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. (b) Each malfunction must last no longer than 3...

40 CFR 63.7720 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... operation and maintenance requirements in this subpart at all times, except during periods of startup... process and emissions control equipment. (c) You must develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan according to the provisions in § 63.6(e)(3). The startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan also must...

40 CFR 60.2918 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... Emission Limitations and Operating Limits § 60.2918 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups...

40 CFR 63.7720 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... operation and maintenance requirements in this subpart at all times, except during periods of startup... process and emissions control equipment. (c) You must develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan according to the provisions in § 63.6(e)(3). The startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan also must...

40 CFR Table 15 to Subpart Xxxx of... - Requirements for Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... reporting in § 63.6010(f). c. If you had a startup, shutdown or malfunction during the reporting period and you took actions consistent with your startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, the compliance report....6010(b), unless you meet the requirements for annual reporting in § 63.6010(f). 2. Immediate startup...

40 CFR 63.7720 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... operation and maintenance requirements in this subpart at all times, except during periods of startup... process and emissions control equipment. (c) You must develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan according to the provisions in § 63.6(e)(3). The startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan also must...

40 CFR 60.2120 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... 1, 2001 Emission Limitations and Operating Limits § 60.2120 What happens during periods of startup... during CISWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. (b) Each malfunction must last no longer than 3...

40 CFR 60.2120 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... 1, 2001 Emission Limitations and Operating Limits § 60.2120 What happens during periods of startup... during CISWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. (b) Each malfunction must last no longer than 3...

40 CFR 63.7720 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... operation and maintenance requirements in this subpart at all times, except during periods of startup... process and emissions control equipment. (c) You must develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan according to the provisions in § 63.6(e)(3). The startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan also must...

40 CFR 60.2918 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... Emission Limitations and Operating Limits § 60.2918 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups...

40 CFR 63.1211 - What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... compliance date granted under § 63.6(i). 63.10(d)(5)(i) Periodic startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. 63.10(d)(5)(ii) Immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. 63.10(e)(3) Excessive emissions and continuous monitoring system performance report and summary report. 63.1206(c)(2)(ii)(B) Startup...

40 CFR 63.1211 - What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... compliance date granted under § 63.6(i). 63.10(d)(5)(i) Periodic startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. 63.10(d)(5)(ii) Immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. 63.10(e)(3) Excessive emissions and continuous monitoring system performance report and summary report. 63.1206(c)(2)(ii)(B) Startup...

40 CFR 63.1211 - What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... compliance date granted under § 63.6(i). 63.10(d)(5)(i) Periodic startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. 63.10(d)(5)(ii) Immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. 63.10(e)(3) Excessive emissions and continuous monitoring system performance report and summary report. 63.1206(c)(2)(ii)(B) Startup...

40 CFR 63.3542 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... applicable emission limit in § 63.3490. Alternatively, if you calculate an OSEL for all coating type segments... of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the emission capture system, add-on control device, or... Administrator will determine whether deviations that occur during a period you identify as a startup, shutdown...

40 CFR 63.1211 - What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... compliance date granted under § 63.6(i). 63.10(d)(5)(i) Periodic startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. 63.10(d)(5)(ii) Immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. 63.10(e)(3) Excessive emissions and continuous monitoring system performance report and summary report. 63.1206(c)(2)(ii)(B) Startup...

40 CFR 63.1211 - What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... compliance date granted under § 63.6(i). 63.10(d)(5)(i) Periodic startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. 63.10(d)(5)(ii) Immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. 63.10(e)(3) Excessive emissions and continuous monitoring system performance report and summary report. 63.1206(c)(2)(ii)(B) Startup...

40 CFR 63.3542 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... limit in § 63.3490. Alternatively, if you calculate an OSEL for all coating type segments within a... of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the emission capture system, add-on control device, or... Administrator will determine whether deviations that occur during a period you identify as a startup, shutdown...

40 CFR 63.3542 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... applicable emission limit in § 63.3490. Alternatively, if you calculate an OSEL for all coating type segments... of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the emission capture system, add-on control device, or... Administrator will determine whether deviations that occur during a period you identify as a startup, shutdown...

40 CFR 63.3542 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... limit in § 63.3490. Alternatively, if you calculate an OSEL for all coating type segments within a... of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the emission capture system, add-on control device, or... Administrator will determine whether deviations that occur during a period you identify as a startup, shutdown...

Preventing the Shut-Down: Embodied Critical Care in a Teacher Educator's Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trout, Muffet; Basford, Letitia

2016-01-01

This article explores the practice of one teacher educator to understand how she mitigates student resistance to prevent what we call "the shut-down" when teaching mostly White students about systemic forms of oppression. Engaging students in conversations about oppression does not in itself disrupt systems of power and privilege in…

46 CFR 38.15-20 - Remote shutdowns-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Remote shutdowns-TB/ALL. 38.15-20 Section 38.15-20 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS LIQUEFIED FLAMMABLE GASES Special Requirements § 38.15-20 Remote shutdowns—TB/ALL. (a) All machinery associated with cargo loading, unloading, or...

46 CFR 38.15-20 - Remote shutdowns-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Remote shutdowns-TB/ALL. 38.15-20 Section 38.15-20 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS LIQUEFIED FLAMMABLE GASES Special Requirements § 38.15-20 Remote shutdowns—TB/ALL. (a) All machinery associated with cargo loading, unloading, or...

46 CFR 38.15-20 - Remote shutdowns-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Remote shutdowns-TB/ALL. 38.15-20 Section 38.15-20 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS LIQUEFIED FLAMMABLE GASES Special Requirements § 38.15-20 Remote shutdowns—TB/ALL. (a) All machinery associated with cargo loading, unloading, or...

46 CFR 38.15-20 - Remote shutdowns-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Remote shutdowns-TB/ALL. 38.15-20 Section 38.15-20 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS LIQUEFIED FLAMMABLE GASES Special Requirements § 38.15-20 Remote shutdowns—TB/ALL. (a) All machinery associated with cargo loading, unloading, or...

46 CFR 38.15-20 - Remote shutdowns-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Remote shutdowns-TB/ALL. 38.15-20 Section 38.15-20 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS LIQUEFIED FLAMMABLE GASES Special Requirements § 38.15-20 Remote shutdowns—TB/ALL. (a) All machinery associated with cargo loading, unloading, or...

Monitoring blood flow and photobleaching during topical ALA PDT treatment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sands, Theresa L.; Sunar, Ulas; Foster, Thomas H.; Oseroff, Allan R.

2009-02-01

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using topical aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is currently used as a clinical treatment for nonmelanoma skin cancers. In order to optimize PDT treatment, vascular shutdown early in treatment must be identified and prevented. This is especially important for topical ALA PDT where vascular shutdown is only temporary and is not a primary method of cell death. Shutdown in vasculature would limit the delivery of oxygen which is necessary for effective PDT treatment. Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) was used to monitor relative blood flow changes in Balb/C mice undergoing PDT at fluence rates of 10mW/cm2 and 75mW/cm2 for colon-26 tumors implanted intradermally. DCS is a preferable method to monitor the blood flow during PDT of lesions due to its ability to be used noninvasively throughout treatment, returning data from differing depths of tissue. Photobleaching of the photosensitizer was also monitored during treatment as an indirect manner of monitoring singlet oxygen production. In this paper, we show the conditions that cause vascular shutdown in our tumor model and its effects on the photobleaching rate.

Self-actuated shutdown system for a commercial size LMFBR. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dupen, C.F.G.

1978-08-01

A Self-Actuated Shutdown System (SASS) is defined as a reactor shutdown system in which sensors, release mechanisms and neutron absorbers are contained entirely within the reactor core structure, where they respond inherently to abnormal local process conditions, by shutting down the reactor, independently of the plant protection system (PPS). It is argued that a SASS, having a response time similar to that of the PPS, would so reduce the already very low probability of a failure-to-scram event that costly design features, derived from core disruptive accident analysis, could be eliminated. However, the thrust of the report is the feasibility andmore » reliability of the in-core SASS hardware to achieve sufficiently rapid shutdown. A number of transient overpower and transient undercooling-responsive systems were investigated leading to the selection of a primary candidate and a backup concept. During a transient undercooling event, the recommended device is triggered by the associated rate of change of pressure, whereas the alternate concept responds to the reduction in core pressure drop and requires calibration and adjustment by the operators to accommodate changes in reactor power.« less

Enhanced autonomic shutdown of Li-ion batteries by polydopamine coated polyethylene microspheres

DOE PAGES

Baginska, Marta; Blaiszik, Benjamin J.; Rajh, Tijana; ...

2014-07-17

Thermally triggered autonomic shutdown of a Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is demonstrated using polydopamine (PDA)-coated polyethylene microspheres applied onto a battery anode. The microspheres are dispersed in a buffered 10 mM dopamine salt solution and the pH is raised to initiate the polymerization and coat the microspheres. Coated microspheres are then mixed with an aqueous binder, applied onto a battery anode surface, dried, and incorporated into Li-ion coin cells. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy are used to verify the presence of the polydopamine on the surface of the microspheres. Scanning electron microscopy is used to examine microsphere surface morphology and resulting anodemore » coating quality. Charge and discharge capacity, as well as impedance, are measured for Li-ion coin cells as a function of microsphere content. Autonomous shutdown is achieved by applying 1.7 mg cm –2 of PDA-coated microspheres to the electrode. Furthermore, the PDA coating significantly reduces the mass of microspheres for effective shutdown compared to our prior work with uncoated microspheres.« less

Emission characteristics and vapour/particulate phase distributions of PCDD/F in a hazardous waste incinerator under transient conditions

PubMed Central

Wang, Chao; Cen, Kefa; Ni, Mingjiang; Li, Xiaodong

2018-01-01

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emission characteristics and vapour/particulate phase partitions under three continued operation conditions, i.e. shut-down, start-up and after start-up, were investigated by sampling stack gas. The results indicated that the PCDD/F emission levels were 0.40–18.03 ng I-TEQ Nm−3, much higher than the annual monitoring level (0.016 ng I-TEQ Nm−3). Additionally, the PCDD/F emission levels in start-up were higher than the other two conditions. Furthermore, the PCDD/F congener profiles differed markedly between shut-down and start-up, and the chlorination degree of PCDD/F increased in shut-down and decreased evidently in start-up. Moreover, PCDD/F vapour/particulate phase distributions varied significantly under three transient conditions. The PCDD/F vapour phase proportion decreased as the shut-down process continued, then increased as the start-up process proceeded, finally more than 98% of the PCDD/F congeners were distributed in the vapour phase after start-up. The correlations between log(Cv/Cs) versus log pL0 of each PCDD/F congener in stack gas were disorganized in shut-down, and trend to a linear distribution after start-up. Besides, polychlorinated biphenyl emissions show behaviour similar to that of PCDD/F, and the lower chlorinated congeners have a stronger relationship with 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs, such as M1CB and D2CB. PMID:29410821

Type and timing of childhood maltreatment and severity of shutdown dissociation in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder.

PubMed

Schalinski, Inga; Teicher, Martin H

2015-01-01

Dissociation, particularly the shutting down of sensory, motor and speech systems, has been proposed to emerge in susceptible individuals as a defensive response to traumatic stress. In contrast, other individuals show signs of hyperarousal to acute threat. A key question is whether exposure to particular types of stressful events during specific stages of development can program an individual to have a strong dissociative response to subsequent stressors. Vulnerability to ongoing shutdown dissociation was assessed in 75 inpatients (46 M/29 F, M = 31 ± 10 years old) with schizophrenia spectrum disorder and related to number of traumatic events experienced or witnessed during childhood or adulthood. The Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure (MACE) scale was used to collect retrospective recall of exposure to ten types of maltreatment during each year of childhood. Severity of shutdown dissociation was related to number of childhood but not adult traumatic events. Random forest regression with conditional trees indicated that type and timing of childhood maltreatment could predictably account for 31% of the variance (p < 0.003) in shutdown dissociation, with peak vulnerability occurring at 13-14 years of age and with exposure to emotional neglect followed by various forms of emotional abuse. These findings suggest that there may be windows of vulnerability to the development of shutdown dissociation. Results support the hypothesis that experienced events are more important than witnessed events, but challenge the hypothesis that "life-threatening" events are a critical determinant.

Merits of flywheels for spacecraft energy storage

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gross, S.

1984-01-01

Flywheel energy storage systems which have a very good potential for use in spacecraft are discussed. This system can be superior to alkaline secondary batteries and regenerable fuel cells in most of the areas that are important in spacecraft applications. Of special importance, relative to batteries, are lighter weight, longer cycle and operating life, and high efficiency which minimizes solar array size and the amount of orbital makeup fuel required. Flywheel systems have a long shelf life, give a precise state of charge indication, have modest thermal control needs, are capable of multiple discharges per orbit, have simple ground handling needs, and have characteristics which would be useful for military applications. The major disadvantages of flywheel energy storage systems are that: power is not available during the launch phase without special provisions; and in flight failure of units may force shutdown of good counter rotating units, amplifying the effects of failure and limiting power distribution system options; no inherent emergency power capability unless specifically designed for, and a high level of complexity compared with batteries. The potential advantages of the flywheel energy storage system far outweigh the disadvantages.

Construction and test of new precision drift-tube chambers for the ATLAS muon spectrometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kroha, H.; Kortner, O.; Schmidt-Sommerfeld, K.; Takasugi, E.

2017-02-01

ATLAS muon detector upgrades aim for increased acceptance for muon triggering and precision tracking and for improved rate capability of the muon chambers in the high-background regions of the detector with increasing LHC luminosity. The small-diameter Muon Drift Tube (sMDT) chambers have been developed for these purposes. With half of the drift-tube diameter of the MDT chambers and otherwise unchanged operating parameters, sMDT chambers share the advantages of the MDTs, but have an order of magnitude higher rate capability and can be installed in detector regions where MDT chambers do not fit in. The chamber assembly methods have been optimized for mass production, minimizing construction time and personnel. Sense wire positioning accuracies of 5 μm have been achieved in serial production for large-size chambers comprising several hundred drift tubes. The construction of new sMDT chambers for installation in the 2016/17 winter shutdown of the LHC and the design of sMDT chambers in combination with new RPC trigger chambers for replacement of the inner layer of the barrel muon spectrometer are in progress.

Downstream passage and impact of turbine shutdowns on survival of silver American Eels at five hydroelectric dams on the Shenandoah River

USGS Publications Warehouse

Eyler, Sheila; Welsh, Stuart A.; Smith, David R.; Rockey, Mary

2016-01-01

Hydroelectric dams impact the downstream migrations of silver American Eels Anguilla rostrata via migratory delays and turbine mortality. A radiotelemetry study of American Eels was conducted to determine the impacts of five run-of-the-river hydroelectric dams located over a 195-km stretch of the Shenandoah River, Virginia–West Virginia, during fall 2007–summer 2010. Overall, 96 radio-tagged individuals (mean TL = 85.4 cm) migrated downstream past at least one dam during the study. Most American Eels passed dams relatively quickly; over half (57.9%) of the dam passage events occurred within 1 h of reaching a dam, and most (81.3%) occurred within 24 h of reaching the dam. Two-thirds of the dam passage events occurred via spill, and the remaining passage events were through turbines. Migratory delays at dams were shorter and American Eels were more likely to pass via spill over the dam during periods of high river discharge than during low river discharge. The extent of delay in migration did not differ between the passage routes (spill versus turbine). Twenty-eight American Eels suffered turbine-related mortality, which occurred at all five dams. Mortality rates for eels passing through turbines ranged from 15.8% to 40.7% at individual dams. Overall project-specific mortality rates (with all passage routes combined) ranged from 3.0% to 14.3%. To protect downstream-migrating American Eels, nighttime turbine shutdowns (1800–0600 hours) were implemented during September 15–December 15. Fifty percent of all downstream passage events in the study occurred during the turbine shutdown period. Implementation of the seasonal turbine shutdown period reduced cumulative mortality from 63.3% to 37.3% for American Eels passing all five dams. Modifying the turbine shutdown period to encompass more dates in the spring and linking the shutdowns to environmental conditions could provide greater protection to downstream-migrating American Eels.

COS FUV Recovery after Anomalous Shutdown

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wheeler, Thomas

2012-10-01

This proposal consists of the steps for turning on and ramping up the COS FUV high voltage in a conservative manner after a HV anomalous shutdown by executing a "reduced set" of visits from Cycle 19 Proposal 12810. The nature of the shutdown, i.e., over-light, HV current transient {"crackle"}, ion feedback {induced by a high energy particle}, or field emission {possibly caused by dust or other particulate on the QE grid or other close-by structure or hardware}, and the value of the commanded HV at the time of the shutdown will determine what visits are executed. Because of gain sag, commanded HV settings updates may be required. First, prior to execution of this proposal or selected visits from this proposal, all preliminary steps should be exercised to gather the necessary diagnostic data, e.g., science data evaluation {if a science exposure was in progress and the science data is available}, memory dumps {DCE, EXEC RAM, and possibly the CS BUFFER}, engineering telemetry, or other information that might provide insight as to the nature of the shutdown and estimated count rate. The complete step-by-step procedure is detailed in the Observing Description, but in summary, the following is done:Day 01 activities, visits 01-07, contain both QE grid off and on HV ramping to HVLow {100/100} with diagnostics {DCE dumps} and darks to exclude QE grid involvement in the shutdown. Subsequent to day 01, all HV ramping will be with the QE grid on with the same diagnostics and exposures. All days end with the setting of COS event flag 3 to prevent any FUV HV commanding.Time is allotted for cognizant detector and COS instrument scientist and engineers to examine data dumps, science exposures, and engineering telemetry. If all is well, the go-ahead will be given to clear flag 3 for the next day's visits.This proposal is modeled after the Cycle 19 Proposal 12718.

A Stochastic Model for the Landing Dispersion of Hazard Detection and Avoidance Capable Flight Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Witte, L.

2014-06-01

To support landing site assessments for HDA-capable flight systems and to facilitate trade studies between the potential HDA architectures versus the yielded probability of safe landing a stochastic landing dispersion model has been developed.

RHIC BPM SYSTEM MODIFICATIONS AND PERFORMANCE.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

SATOGATA, T.; CALAGA, R.; CAMERON, P.

2005-05-16

The RHIC beam position monitor (BPM) system provides independent average orbit and turn-by-turn (TBT) position measurements. In each ring, there are 162 measurement locations per plane (horizontal and vertical) for a total of 648 BPM planes in the RHIC machine. During 2003 and 2004 shutdowns, BPM processing electronics were moved from the RHIC tunnel to controls alcoves to reduce radiation impact, and the analog signal paths of several dozen modules were modified to eliminate gain-switching relays and improve signal stability. This paper presents results of improved system performance, including stability for interaction region beam-based alignment efforts. We also summarize performancemore » of recently-added DSP profile scan capability, and improved million-turn TBT acquisition channels for 10 Hz triplet vibration, nonlinear dynamics, and echo studies.« less

Cellulosic Biomass-Reinforced Polyvinylidene Fluoride Separators with Enhanced Dielectric Properties and Thermal Tolerance.

PubMed

Li, Lei; Yu, Miao; Jia, Chao; Liu, Jianxin; Lv, Yanyan; Liu, Yanhua; Zhou, Yi; Liu, Chuanting; Shao, Ziqiang

2017-06-21

Safety issues are critical barriers to large-scale energy storage applications of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Using an ameliorated, thermally stable, shutdown separator is an effective method to overcome the safety issues. Herein, we demonstrate a novel, cellulosic biomass-material-blended polyvinylidene fluoride separator that was prepared using a simple nonsolvent-induced phase separation technique. This process formed a microporous composite separator with reduced crystallinity, uniform pore size distribution, superior thermal tolerance, and enhanced electrolyte wettability and dielectric and mechanical properties. In addition, the separator has a superior capacity retention and a better rate capability compared to the commercialized microporous polypropylene membrane. This fascinating membrane was fabricated via a relatively eco-friendly and cost-effective method and is an alternative, promising separator for high-power LIBs.

40 CFR Table 8 to Subpart Kkkkk of... - Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart KKKKK

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., Shutdown, and Malfunction Plan (SSMP) Requirement for startup, shutdown, and malfunction (SSM) and SSMP; content of SSMP Yes. § 63.6(f)(1) Compliance Except During SSM You must comply with emission standards at all times except during SSM Yes. § 63.6(f)(2)-(3) Methods for Determining Compliance Compliance based...

40 CFR Table 7 to Subpart Jjjjj of... - Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart JJJJJ

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., Shutdown, and Malfunction Plan (SSMP) Requirement for startup, shutdown, and malfunction (SSM) and SSMP; content of SSMP Yes. § 63.6(f)(1) Compliance Except During SSM You must comply with emission standards at all times except during SSM Yes. § 63.6(f)(2)-(3) Methods for Determining Compliance Compliance based...

40 CFR Table 7 to Subpart Jjjjj of... - Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart JJJJJ

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., Shutdown, and Malfunction Plan (SSMP) Requirement for startup, shutdown, and malfunction (SSM) and SSMP; content of SSMP Yes. § 63.6(f)(1) Compliance Except During SSM You must comply with emission standards at all times except during SSM Yes. § 63.6(f)(2)-(3) Methods for Determining Compliance Compliance based...

40 CFR Table 7 to Subpart Jjjjj of... - Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart JJJJJ

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., Shutdown, and Malfunction Plan (SSMP) Requirement for startup, shutdown, and malfunction (SSM) and SSMP; content of SSMP Yes. § 63.6(f)(1) Compliance Except During SSM You must comply with emission standards at all times except during SSM Yes. § 63.6(f)(2)-(3) Methods for Determining Compliance Compliance based...

40 CFR Table 10 to Subpart Ddddd... - Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart DDDDD

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., Shutdown, and Malfunction Plan (SSMP) Requirement for SSM and startup, shutdown, malfunction plan; and content of SSMP Yes. § 63.6(f)(1) Compliance Except During SSM Comply with emission standards at all times except during SSM Yes. § 63.6(f)(2)-(3) Methods for Determining Compliance Compliance based on...

40 CFR Table 8 to Subpart Kkkkk of... - Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart KKKKK

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., Shutdown, and Malfunction Plan (SSMP) Requirement for startup, shutdown, and malfunction (SSM) and SSMP; content of SSMP Yes. § 63.6(f)(1) Compliance Except During SSM You must comply with emission standards at all times except during SSM Yes. § 63.6(f)(2)-(3) Methods for Determining Compliance Compliance based...

40 CFR Table 8 to Subpart Kkkkk of... - Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart KKKKK

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., Shutdown, and Malfunction Plan (SSMP) Requirement for startup, shutdown, and malfunction (SSM) and SSMP; content of SSMP Yes. § 63.6(f)(1) Compliance Except During SSM You must comply with emission standards at all times except during SSM Yes. § 63.6(f)(2)-(3) Methods for Determining Compliance Compliance based...

40 CFR Table 10 to Subpart Ddddd... - Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart DDDDD

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., Shutdown, and Malfunction Plan (SSMP) Requirement for SSM and startup, shutdown, malfunction plan; and content of SSMP Yes. § 63.6(f)(1) Compliance Except During SSM Comply with emission standards at all times except during SSM Yes. § 63.6(f)(2)-(3) Methods for Determining Compliance Compliance based on...

40 CFR Table 8 to Subpart Kkkkk of... - Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart KKKKK

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., Shutdown, and Malfunction Plan (SSMP) Requirement for startup, shutdown, and malfunction (SSM) and SSMP; content of SSMP Yes. § 63.6(f)(1) Compliance Except During SSM You must comply with emission standards at all times except during SSM Yes. § 63.6(f)(2)-(3) Methods for Determining Compliance Compliance based...

40 CFR Table 7 to Subpart Jjjjj of... - Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart JJJJJ

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., Shutdown, and Malfunction Plan (SSMP) Requirement for startup, shutdown, and malfunction (SSM) and SSMP; content of SSMP Yes. § 63.6(f)(1) Compliance Except During SSM You must comply with emission standards at all times except during SSM Yes. § 63.6(f)(2)-(3) Methods for Determining Compliance Compliance based...

40 CFR 63.3930 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... record of whether the deviation occurred during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (2) The records in § 63.6(e)(3)(iii) through (v) related to startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (3) The records... part 51 for a PTE and has a capture efficiency of 100 percent, as specified in § 63.3965(a). (5) For...

40 CFR 63.4130 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (2) The records in § 63.6(e)(3)(iii) through (v) related to startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (3) The records required to show continuous compliance with each... of 100 percent, as specified in § 63.4165(a). (5) For each capture system that is not a PTE, the data...

40 CFR 63.4930 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... record of whether the deviation occurred during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (2) The records in § 63.6(e)(3)(iii) through (v) related to startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (3) The records... part 51 for a PTE and has a capture efficiency of 100 percent, as specified in § 63.4964(a). (5) For...

46 CFR 154.540 - Quick-closing shut-off valves: Emergency shut-down system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SAFETY STANDARDS FOR SELF-PROPELLED VESSELS CARRYING BULK LIQUEFIED GASES Design... emergency shut-down system that: (a) Closes all the valves; (b) Is actuated by a single control in at least two locations remote from the quick-closing valves; (c) Is actuated by a single control in each cargo...

46 CFR 154.540 - Quick-closing shut-off valves: Emergency shut-down system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SAFETY STANDARDS FOR SELF-PROPELLED VESSELS CARRYING BULK LIQUEFIED GASES Design... emergency shut-down system that: (a) Closes all the valves; (b) Is actuated by a single control in at least two locations remote from the quick-closing valves; (c) Is actuated by a single control in each cargo...

78 FR 79709 - Duke Energy Florida, Inc., Crystal River Unit 3 Nuclear Generating Plant Post-Shutdown...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-31

...., Crystal River Unit 3 Nuclear Generating Plant Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report AGENCY...) Accession No. ML13340A009), for the Crystal River Unit 3 Nuclear Generating Plant (CR-3). The PSDAR provides.... until 9 p.m., EST, at the Crystal River Nuclear Plant Training Center/Emergency Operations Facility...

Fermilab | Tritium at Fermilab | Tritium released into the air and disposed

Science.gov Websites

Science Jobs Contact Phone Book Newsroom Newsroom News and features Press releases Photo gallery Fact Tevatron experiments Tevatron operation Shutdown process For the media Video of shutdown event Guest book Security, Privacy, Legal Use of Cookies Quick Links Home Contact Phone Book Fermilab at Work For Industry

40 CFR 63.9637 - What other requirements must I meet to demonstrate continuous compliance?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... limitation in Table 1 to this subpart that applies to you. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and... subpart. These deviations must be reported in accordance with the requirements in § 63.9641. (b) Startups... period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you demonstrate to the Administrator's...

40 CFR 60.4860 - Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.4860 Section... emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and...

40 CFR 63.9637 - What other requirements must I meet to demonstrate continuous compliance?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... limitation in Table 1 to this subpart that applies to you. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and... subpart. These deviations must be reported in accordance with the requirements in § 63.9641. (b) Startups... period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you demonstrate to the Administrator's...

40 CFR 63.9637 - What other requirements must I meet to demonstrate continuous compliance?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... limitation in Table 1 to this subpart that applies to you. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and... subpart. These deviations must be reported in accordance with the requirements in § 63.9641. (b) Startups... period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you demonstrate to the Administrator's...

40 CFR 60.4860 - Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.4860 Section... emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and...

40 CFR 60.5180 - Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.5180 Section... startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limits and standards apply at all times and during... concentration limit using CO CEMS, the correction to 7 percent oxygen does not apply during periods of startup...

40 CFR 60.4860 - Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.4860 Section... emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and...

40 CFR 60.4860 - Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.4860 Section... emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and...

40 CFR 60.5180 - Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.5180 Section... startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limits and standards apply at all times and during... concentration limit using CO CEMS, the correction to 7 percent oxygen does not apply during periods of startup...

40 CFR 63.9637 - What other requirements must I meet to demonstrate continuous compliance?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... limitation in Table 1 to this subpart that applies to you. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and... subpart. These deviations must be reported in accordance with the requirements in § 63.9641. (b) Startups... period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction are not violations if you demonstrate to the Administrator's...

40 CFR 60.5180 - Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.5180 Section... startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limits and standards apply at all times and during... concentration limit using CO CEMS, the correction to 7 percent oxygen does not apply during periods of startup...

40 CFR 60.5180 - Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.5180 Section... startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limits and standards apply at all times and during... concentration limit using CO CEMS, the correction to 7 percent oxygen does not apply during periods of startup...

40 CFR 63.8248 - What other requirements must I meet?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... meet each emission limitation in § 63.8190 that applies to you. This includes periods of startup... standard in § 63.8192 that applies to you. This includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (3... range. (b) Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (1) Consistent with §§ 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1...