Sample records for salo saska lindfors
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Ferreira, Viviana P.; Fazito Vale, Vladimir; Pangburn, Michael K.; Abdeladhim, Maha; Ferreira Mendes-Sousa, Antonio; Coutinho-Abreu, Iliano V.; Rasouli, Manoochehr; Brandt, Elizabeth A.; Meneses, Claudio; Lima, Kolyvan Ferreira; Nascimento Araújo, Ricardo; Horácio Pereira, Marcos; Kotsyfakis, Michalis; Oliveira, Fabiano; Kamhawi, Shaden; Ribeiro, Jose M. C.; Gontijo, Nelder F.; Collin, Nicolas; Valenzuela, Jesus G.
2016-01-01
Blood-feeding insects inject potent salivary components including complement inhibitors into their host’s skin to acquire a blood meal. Sand fly saliva was shown to inhibit the classical pathway of complement; however, the molecular identity of the inhibitor remains unknown. Here, we identified SALO as the classical pathway complement inhibitor. SALO, an 11 kDa protein, has no homology to proteins of any other organism apart from New World sand flies. rSALO anti-complement activity has the same chromatographic properties as the Lu. longipalpis salivary gland homogenate (SGH)counterparts and anti-rSALO antibodies blocked the classical pathway complement activity of rSALO and SGH. Both rSALO and SGH inhibited C4b deposition and cleavage of C4. rSALO, however, did not inhibit the protease activity of C1s nor the enzymatic activity of factor Xa, uPA, thrombin, kallikrein, trypsin and plasmin. Importantly, rSALO did not inhibit the alternative or the lectin pathway of complement. In conclusion our data shows that SALO is a specific classical pathway complement inhibitor present in the saliva of Lu. longipalpis. Importantly, due to its small size and specificity, SALO may offer a therapeutic alternative for complement classical pathway-mediated pathogenic effects in human diseases. PMID:26758086
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-01-22
... investigation resulting in-- (A) An affirmative determination of serious injury or threat thereof under section..., MN...... Inc., General Mills, Inc., Manpower, Certes, Salo, etc. The investigation revealed that the...
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Seeking Allergy Relief: When Breathing Becomes Bothersome
... person with allergies breathes in allergens—such as pollen, mold, pet dander, or dust mites—the resulting ... one allergen,” Salo explains. “Grass, weed, and tree pollens are the most common causes of outdoor allergies.” ...
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Exponential instability in the fractional Calderón problem
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Rüland, Angkana; Salo, Mikko
2018-04-01
In this paper we prove the exponential instability of the fractional Calderón problem and thus prove the optimality of the logarithmic stability estimate from Rüland and Salo (2017 arXiv:1708.06294). In order to infer this result, we follow the strategy introduced by Mandache in (2001 Inverse Problems 17 1435) for the standard Calderón problem. Here we exploit a close relation between the fractional Calderón problem and the classical Poisson operator. Moreover, using the construction of a suitable orthonormal basis, we also prove (almost) optimality of the Runge approximation result for the fractional Laplacian, which was derived in Rüland and Salo (2017 arXiv:1708.06294). Finally, in one dimension, we show a close relation between the fractional Calderón problem and the truncated Hilbert transform.
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
White, Hollie C.
2012-01-01
Background: According to Salo (2010), the metadata entered into repositories are "disorganized" and metadata schemes underlying repositories are "arcane". This creates a challenging repository environment in regards to personal information management (PIM) and knowledge organization systems (KOSs). This dissertation research is…
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The opposition and tilt effects of Saturn’s rings from HST observations
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Salo, Heikki; French, Richard G.
2010-12-01
The two major factors contributing to the opposition brightening of Saturn's rings are (i) the intrinsic brightening of particles due to coherent backscattering and/or shadow hiding on their surfaces, and (ii) the reduced interparticle shadowing when the solar phase angle α → 0°. We utilize the extensive set of Hubble Space Telescope observations (Cuzzi, J.N., French, R.G., Dones, L. [2002]. Icarus 158, 199-223) for different elevation angles B and wavelengths λ to disentangle these contributions. We assume that the intrinsic contribution is independent of B, so that any B dependence of the phase curves is due to interparticle shadowing, which must also act similarly for all λ's. Our study complements that of Poulet et al. (Poulet, F., Cuzzi, J.N., French, R.G., Dones, L. [2002]. Icarus 158, 224), who used a subset of data for a single B ˜ 10°, and the French et al. (French, R.G., Verbiscer, A., Salo, H., McGhee, C.A., Dones, L. [2007b] PASP 119, 623-642) study for the B ˜ 23° data set that included exact opposition. We construct a grid of dynamical/photometric simulation models, with the method of Salo and Karjalainen (Salo and Karjalainen [2003]. Icarus 164, 428-460), and use these simulations to fit the elevation-dependent part of opposition brightening. Eliminating the modeled interparticle component yields the intrinsic contribution to the opposition effect: for the B and A rings it is almost entirely due to coherent backscattering; for the C ring, an intraparticle shadow hiding contribution may also be present. Based on our simulations, the width of the interparticle shadowing effect is roughly proportional to B. This follows from the observation that as B decreases, the scattering is primarily from the rarefied low filling factor upper ring layers, whereas at larger B's the dense inner parts are visible. Vertical segregation of particle sizes further enhances this effect. The elevation angle dependence of interparticle shadowing also explains most
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Western Immunoblot Analysis of Twenty-One Snake Venoms from Three Snake Families
1989-05-01
with proteins in Crotalus basciliscus, C. durissus durissus, C. d . terrificus, C. horridis horridis, and C. viridis concolor venoms. Arumae et al, (2...fractions of Prairie Rattle- snake (Crotalus viridis viridis) venom", Toxicon, 25 (1987) pp. 1329 - 1342. 19. Rael, E.D., Salo, R.J. and Zepeda , H
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2007-01-01
Cognition, 19, 229–240. Salladay, S. A. (1982). In the event of death. Omega - Journal of Death & Dying, 13, 1–11. Salo, S., Krause , K...Psychoenergetic Systems, 1, 87–89. Wolfgang , A. (1973). A cross-cultural comparison of locus of control, optimism toward the future and time horizon
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1986-09-01
Brazilian-American Chamber of Commerce Mr. Frank J. Devine, Executive Director Embraer, Empresa Brasileira De Aeronautica Mr. Salo Roth Vice President...Throughout this study the following assumptions have been made. First, it is assumed that the reader has a basic familiarity with aircraft. Therefore...of the 5 1 weapons acquisition process. Third, the assumption is made that most readers are familiar with U.S. procedures involving the sale of
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Joint Services Electronics Program.
1985-12-01
NavyOffice of Naval Research 800 Ouincy Street Arlington, Virginia -*i. I. This document has been approved I-- for pjiblic release and salo; its C=3...Type of Report & Period Covered.- Department of the Navy Annual Report - Office of Naval Research Oct. 1984- Sept. 1985 . 800 Quincy Street 14...TECHNOLOGY TRANSITION 1 III. RESEARCH SUMMARY 10 A. DIFFRACTION STUDIES/ 10 - - 4.4 1. Diffraction by Non-Conducting Surfaces 10 (a) Diffraction by a
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Distribution and Food Habits of Juvenile Salmonids in the Duwamish Estuary, Washington, 1980
1981-03-01
E.O. Salo, K. Garrison, and L. Matheson. 1979. Fish ecology studies in the Nisqually Reach area of southern Puget Sound , Washington. Univ. of Wash...Washington Department of Fisheries (WDF) indicate that Gteen River fall chinook are one of the largest naturally spawning stocks of this species in Puget Sound ...1977 Puget Sound summer-fall chinook methodology: Escapement estimates and goals, run size forecasts, and in-season run size updates. State of Wash
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Passive Acoustic Thermometry Using Low-Frequency Deep Water Noise
2014-09-30
M. Fowler, S. Salo, Antarctic icebergs : A significant natural ocean sound source in the Southern Hemisphere. Geochem. Geophys. DOI: 10.1002...1974). 24. J. Tournadre, F. Girard-Ardhuin, B. Legrésy, Antarctic icebergs distributions, 2002-2010. J. Geophys. Res: Oceans 117, C05004, (2012...surface in the Polar Regions (e.g. due to loud iceberg cracking events with levels up to 245 dB re 1 μPa at 1 m) can efficiently couple directly to the
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Ocean Simulation Model. Version 2. First Order Frontal Simulation
1991-05-01
REAL DEP(NXVS),TEMP(MXVS),SAL(MXVS),SIG(MXVS), DVF (MXVS), * DEP2(MXVS),TEMP2(MXVS),SAL2(MXVS),SIG2CMXVS),BVF2(MXVS), * DEPO(MXVS), TEMPO(MX)VS),SALO...processing parameters to desired values. Generating the Front Position Directive FRNT uses the current clock time as initial seed to call the intrinsic...potentially be very time consuming if the parameter ITER is set to a large number. Directive RES was designed to allow the user to resume the HELM
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Detection and Identification of Vipera Russelli Venom
1990-01-01
1257. (Unclassified). 26. Rael, E.D., Salo, R.J., and Zepeda , H. (1986). Monocvlonal antibodies to Majave toxin and use for isolation of cross-reacting...moccasin venom labelled with iodine 131. Nature (Lond.) 184: 1244-1245. 48. Labez, D ., Gubensek, F., Maretic, Z., (1968). Studies on labelled animal...UNCLASSIFIED SM 1291 3600" 2800 , I- Z 2400- D 0 U o 2000 Li o 1600- .-J 1200wu 800 400 25 5 10 20 40 80 HORSE ANTI-V. russelli ANTIBODY (pg mL1 Figure 1
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Singh, Dhruv K; Mishra, Shraddha
2009-06-30
Ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) were prepared for uranyl ion (imprint ion) by formation of binary (salicylaldoxime (SALO) or 4-vinylpyridine (VP)) or ternary (salicylaldoxime and 4-vinylpyridine) complex in 2-methoxy ethanol (porogen) following copolymerization with methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as crosslinking monomer using 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. Control polymers (CPs) were also prepared under identical experimental conditions without using imprint ion. The above synthesized polymers were characterized by surface area measurement, microanalysis and FT-IR analysis techniques. The imprinted polymer formed with ternary complex of UO(2)(2+)-SALO-VP (1:2:2, IIP3) showed quantitative enrichment of uranyl ion from dilute aqueous solution and hence was chosen for detailed studies. The optimal pH for quantitative enrichment is 3.5-6.5. The adsorbed UO(2)(2+) was completely eluted with 10 mL of 1.0 M HCl. The retention capacity of IIP3 was found to be 0.559 mmol g(-1). Further, the distribution ratio and selectivity coefficients of uranium and other selected inorganic ions were also evaluated. Five replicate determinations of 25 microg L(-1) of uranium(VI) gave a mean absorbance of 0.032 with a relative standard deviation of 2.20%. The detection limit corresponding to three times the standard deviation of the blank was found to be 5 microg L(-1). IIP3 was tested for preconcentration of uranium(VI) from ground, river and sea water samples.
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Summary of Results, Chief Joseph Dam Cultural Resources Project, Washington.
1985-01-01
Cmpbll, . R S*CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMUER(a) S. ambeled. with V.CazoR Dalai" P. Davis, D. Hibbert, S. Key, L.L. and L.A. Leeds, DACW67-78-C-0106 -: E ...Leopold, E . Lohse, S. Livingston, C. Miss, R. Nickmann. L. Salo, 0. Sammons-Lohse, (cont.) ~.s SPERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND0 ADDRESS 10...Dat Eneed V 7 •,- "Mop-, e ~~l . - , ., - . W~PY OF REStALTS. 041 EF JOSEPH DAN CUtlJRAL RESOURCES PROECT, WASHINGTON edited by Sarah K. Campbell
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Preetha, Chandrika Ravindran; Gladis, Joseph Mary; Rao, Talasila Prasada; Venkateswaran, Gopala
2006-05-01
Major quantities of uranium find use as nuclear fuel in nuclear power reactors. In view of the extreme toxicity of uranium and consequent stringent limits fixed by WHO and various national governments, it is essential to remove uranium from nuclear power reactor effluents before discharge into environment. Ion imprinted polymer (IIP) materials have traditionally been used for the recovery of uranium from dilute aqueous solutions prior to detection or from seawater. We now describe the use of IIP materials for selective removal of uranium from a typical synthetic nuclear power reactor effluent. The IIP materials were prepared for uranyl ion (imprint ion) by forming binary salicylaldoxime (SALO) or 4-vinylpyridine (VP) or ternary SALO-VP complexes in 2-methoxyethanol (porogen) and copolymerizing in the presence of styrene (monomer), divinylbenzene (cross-linking monomer), and 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (initiator). The resulting materials were then ground and sieved to obtain unleached polymer particles. Leached IIP particles were obtained by leaching the imprint ions with 6.0 M HCl. Control polymer particles were also prepared analogously without the imprint ion. The IIP particles obtained with ternary complex alone gave quantitative removal of uranyl ion in the pH range 3.5-5.0 with as low as 0.08 g. The retention capacity of uranyl IIP particles was found to be 98.50 mg/g of polymer. The present study successfully demonstrates the feasibility of removing uranyl ions selectively in the range 5 microg - 300 mg present in 500 mL of synthetic nuclear power reactor effluent containing a host of other inorganic species.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Rieder, H. E.; Staehelin, J.; Weihs, P.; Vuilleumier, L.; Blumthaler, M.; Holawe, F.; Lindfors, A.; Maeder, J. A.; Simic, S.; Wagner, J. E.; Walker, D.; Ribatet, M.
2009-04-01
Since the discovery of anthropogenic ozone depletion in the early 1970s (e.g. Molina and Rowland, 1974; Farman et al., 1985) the interest in stratospheric ozone trends and solar UV-B increased within the scientific community and the general public because of the link between reduced total column ozone and increased UV-radiation doses. Stratospheric ozone (e.g. Koch et al., 2005) and erythemal UV-radiation (e.g. Rieder et al., 2008) in the northern mid-latitudes are characterized by strong temporal variability. Long-term measurements of UV-B radiation are rare and datasets are only available for few locations and most of these measurements do not provide spectral information on the UV part of the spectra. During strong efforts in the reconstruction of erythemal UV, datasets of past UV-radiation doses became available for several measurement sites all over the globe. For Switzerland and Austria reconstructed UV datasets are available for 3 measurement sites (Davos, Sonnblick and Vienna) (Lindfors and Vuilleumier, 2005; Rieder et al., 2008). The world's longest ozone time series dating back to 1926 is available from Arosa, Switzerland, and is discussed in detail by Staehelin et al. (1998a,b). Recently new tools from extreme value theory have been applied to the Arosa time series to describe extreme events in low and high total ozone (Rieder et al., 2009). In our study we address the question of how much of the extremes in UV-radiation can be attributed to extremes in total ozone, high surface albedo and cloudiness. An analysis of the frequency distributions of such extreme events for the last decades is presented to gain a better understanding of the links between extreme erythemal UV-radiation, total ozone, surface albedo and clouds. References: Farman, J. C., Gardiner, B. G., and Shanklin, J. D.: Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx/NOx interaction, Nature, 315, 207-210, 1985. Koch, G., Wernli, H., Schwierz, C., Staehelin, J., and Peter, T
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H I in Arp 72 and similarities with M51-type systems
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sengupta, Chandreyee; Saikia, D. J.; Dwarakanath, K. S.
2012-02-01
We present neutral hydrogen (H I) observations with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) of the interacting galaxies NGC 5996 and 5994, which make up the Arp 72 system. Arp 72 is an M51-type system and shows a complex distribution of H I tails and a bridge due to tidal interactions. H I column densities ranging from 0.8-1.8 × 1020 atoms cm-2 in the eastern tidal tail to 1.7-2 × 1021 atoms cm-2 in the bridge connecting the two galaxies are seen to be associated with star-forming regions. We discuss the morphological and kinematic similarities of Arp 72 with M51, the archetypal example of the M51-type systems, and Arp 86, another M51-type system studied with the GMRT, and suggest that a multiple passage model of Salo & Laurikainen may be preferred over the classical single passage model of Toomre & Toomre to reproduce the H I features in Arp 72 as well as in other M-51 systems depicting similar optical and H I features.
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PACSIN2 accelerates nephrin trafficking and is up-regulated in diabetic kidney disease
Dumont, Vincent; Tolvanen, Tuomas A.; Kuusela, Sara; Wang, Hong; Nyman, Tuula A.; Lindfors, Sonja; Tienari, Jukka; Nisen, Harry; Suetsugu, Shiro; Plomann, Markus; Kawachi, Hiroshi; Lehtonen, Sanna
2017-01-01
Nephrin is a core component of podocyte (glomerular epithelial cell) slit diaphragm and is required for kidney ultrafiltration. Down-regulation or mislocalization of nephrin has been observed in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), characterized by albuminuria. Here, we investigate the role of protein kinase C and casein kinase 2 substrate in neurons 2 (PACSIN2), a regulator of endocytosis and recycling, in the trafficking of nephrin and development of DKD. We observe that PACSIN2 is up-regulated and nephrin mislocalized in podocytes of obese Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats that have altered renal function. In cultured podocytes, PACSIN2 and nephrin colocalize and interact. We show that nephrin is endocytosed in PACSIN2-positive membrane regions and that PACSIN2 overexpression increases both nephrin endocytosis and recycling. We identify rabenosyn-5, which is involved in early endosome maturation and endosomal sorting, as a novel interaction partner of PACSIN2. Interestingly, rabenosyn-5 expression is increased in podocytes in obese ZDF rats, and, in vitro, its overexpression enhances the association of PACSIN2 and nephrin. We also show that palmitate, which is elevated in diabetes, enhances this association. Collectively, PACSIN2 is up-regulated and nephrin is abnormally localized in podocytes of diabetic ZDF rats. In vitro, PACSIN2 enhances nephrin turnover apparently via a mechanism involving rabenosyn-5. The data suggest that elevated PACSIN2 expression accelerates nephrin trafficking and associates with albuminuria.—Dumont, V., Tolvanen, T. A., Kuusela, S., Wang, H., Nyman, T. A., Lindfors, S., Tienari, J., Nisen, H., Suetsugu, S., Plomann, M., Kawachi, H., Lehtonen, S. PACSIN2 accelerates nephrin trafficking and is up-regulated in diabetic kidney disease. PMID:28550045
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A closed recirculated sea-water system
1967-01-01
Study of a virus disease in the chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) necessitated the use of a marine environment to study the long range effects of the disease and to complete the life cycle of its etiologic agent. A closed recirculated sea-water system was designed for use under experimental laboratory conditions so that controlled studies of the disease could be made. As others may wish to do marine environment studies in the laboratory, the design and operation of our system are presented. Other systems currently in use have been described by Chin (1959), DeWitt and Salo (1960), McCrimmon and Berst (1966), and the authors of collected papers edited by Clark and Clark (1964). Preparatory to the design and construction of the system in use in this laboratory, visits were made to marine systems in use at the University of Washington's College of Fisheries, Seattle, -washington, and Friday Harbor Laboratory, San Juan Island, Washington; the Washington State Department of Fisheries' Point whitney Shellfish Laboratory, Brinnon, Washington; Humboldt State College, Arcata, California; and the Steinhart Aquarium of the California Academy of Science, San Francisco, California.
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VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of features in the S4G (Herrera-Endoqui+, 2015)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Herrera-Endoqui, M.; Diaz-Garcia, S.; Laurikainen, E.; Salo, H.
2015-08-01
Table 2 contains the properties of bars, ring- and lens-structures in the S4G. Data for bars contains the visual estimated barlength, the maximum ellipticity in the bar region, the visual estimated position angle, and the barlength obtained from the ellipticity maximum. They are given in both the sky plane and the disk plane, the conversion is made using P4 orientation parameters (Salo et al., 2015ApJS..219....4S; Table 1). For bars the disk plane values are given only when a reliable ellipticity maximum was found and the galaxy inclination i<65 deg. For other features the parameters are obtained from fitting ellipses to points tracing the structure. A quality flag for our measurement is also given: 1 indicates a good fit and unambiguously identified feature, 2 indicates a hard to trace feature, 3 indicates an uncertain feature identification (due to high inclination of host galaxy or incomplete feature). Table 3 contains the properties of spiral arms in the S4G. Type of spiral arms, the pitch angle, the inner and the outer radius are given for every spiral segment (see the catalogue web page). The type of spiral arms are taken from Buta et al. (2015ApJS..217...32B, Cat. J/ApJS/217/32): G for grand design, M for multiple, and F for flocculent spiral arms. Our estimation of the quality of the fit is also given (1.0 = good; 2.0 = acceptable). (2 data files).
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VizieR Online Data Catalog: S4G disk galaxies stellar mass distribution (Diaz-Garcia+, 2016)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Diaz-Garcia, S.; Salo, H.; Laurikainen, E.
2016-08-01
We provide the tabulated radial profiles of mean stellar mass density in bins of total stellar mass (M*, from Munoz-Mateos et al., 2015ApJS..219....3M) and Hubble stage (T, from Buta et al., 2015, Cat. J/ApJS/217/32). We used the 3.6um imaging for the non-highly inclined galaxies (i<65° in Salo et al., 2015, Cat. J/ApJS/219/4) in the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (Sheth et al., 2010, Cat. J/PASP/122/1397). We also provide the averaged stellar contribution to the circular velocity, computed from the radial force profiles of individual galaxies (from Diaz-Garcia et al., 2016A&A...587A.160D). Besides, we provide the FITS files of the bar synthetic images (2D) obtained by stacking images rescaled to a common frame determined by the bar parameters (from Herrera-Endoqui et al., 2015A&A...582A..86H) in bins of M*, T, and galaxy family (from Buta et al. 2015). For the bar stacks, we also tabulate the azimuthally averaged luminosity profiles, the tangential-to-radial forces (Qt), the m=2,4 Fourier amplitudes (A2,A4), and the radial profiles of ellipticity and b4 parameter. The fits files (.fit) of the bar stacks, in units of flux (MJy/sr). The pixel size is 0.02 x rbar, where rbar refers to the bar radius. The images are cut at a radius of 3 x rbar. In every folder, the terminology used to label the ".dat" and ".fit" files, in relation to their content, is the following: a) The term "starmass" is used when the binning of the sample was based on the total stellar mass of the galaxy, from Munoz-Mateos et al. (2015ApJS..219....3M). We indicate the common logarithm of the boundaries: (8.5,9.9.5,10,10.5,11). b) The term "ttype" is used when the binning of the sample was based on the Hubble stage of the galaxy (-3,0,3,5,8,11), from Buta et al. (2015, Cat. J/ApJS/217/32) c) The term "family" is used when the binning of the sample was based on the morphological family of the galaxy (AB,AB,AB,B), from Buta et al. (2015, Cat. J/ApJS/217/32). d) The term "hr" is
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An Instability in Narrow Planetary Rings
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Weiss, J. W.; Stewart, G. R.
2003-08-01
We will present our work investigating the behavior of narrow planetary rings with low dispersion velocities. Such narrow a ring will be initially unstable to self-gravitational collapse. After the collapse, the ring is collisionally very dense. At this stage, it is subject to a new instability. Waves appear on the inner and outer edges of the ring within half of an orbital period. The ring then breaks apart radially, taking approximately a quarter of an orbital period of do so. As clumps of ring particles expand radially away from the dense ring, Kepler shear causes these clumps to stretch out azimuthally, and eventually collapse into a new set of dense rings. Small-scale repetitions of the original instability in these new rings eventually leads to a stabilized broad ring with higher dispersion velocities than the initial ring. Preliminary results indicate that this instability may be operating on small scales in broad rings in the wake-like features seen by Salo and others. Some intriguing properties have been observed during this instability. The most significant is a coherence in the epicyclic phases of the particles. Both self-gravity and collisions in the ring operated to create and enforce this coherence. The coherence might also be responsible for the instability to radial expansion. We also observe that guiding centers of the particles do not migrate to the center of the ring during the collapse phase of the ring. In fact, guiding centers move radially away from the core of the ring during this phase, consistent with global conservation of angular momentum. We will show the results of our simulations to date, including movies of the evolution of various parameters. (Audiences members wanting popcorn are advised to bring their own.) This work is supported by a NASA Graduate Student Research Program grant and by the Cassini mission.
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Onset of Impaired Sleep and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Longitudinal Study
Clark, Alice Jessie; Salo, Paula; Lange, Theis; Jennum, Poul; Virtanen, Marianna; Pentti, Jaana; Kivimäki, Mika; Rod, Naja Hulvej; Vahtera, Jussi
2016-01-01
Study Objectives: Impaired sleep has been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the underlying mechanisms are still unsettled. We sought to determine how onset of impaired sleep affects the risk of established physiological CVD risk factors (i.e., hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia). Methods: In a longitudinal cohort study with 3 survey waves (2000, 2004, 2008) from the Finnish Public Sector study we used repeated information on sleep duration and disturbances to determine onset of impaired sleep. Information on development of CVD risk factors, as indicated by initiation of medication for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia was derived from electronic medical records within 8 years of follow-up. Data on 45,647 participants was structured as two data-cycles to examine the effect of change in sleep (between two waves) on incident CVD events. We applied strict inclusion and exclusion criteria to determine temporality between changes in sleep and the outcomes. Results: While we did not find consistent effects of onset of short or long sleep, we found onset of disturbed sleep to predict subsequent risk of hypertension (hazard ratio = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.04–1.44) and dyslipidemia (HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07–1.29) in fully adjusted analyses. Conclusions: Results suggest that onset of sleep disturbances rather than short or long sleep mark an increase in physiological risk factors, which may partly explain the higher risk of CVD observed among impaired sleepers. Commentary: A commentary on this paper appears in this issue on page 1629. Citation: Clark AJ, Salo P, Lange T, Jennum P, Virtanen M, Pentti J, Kivimäki M, Rod NH, Vahtera J. Onset of impaired sleep and cardiovascular disease risk factors: a longitudinal study. SLEEP 2016;39(9):1709–1718. PMID:27397560
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Khomutova, T. E.; Demkina, T. S.; Borisov, A. V.; Shishlina, I. I.
2017-02-01
The size and structure of microbial pool in light chestnut paleosols and paleosolonetz buried under kurgans of the Middle Bronze Age 4600-4500 years ago (the burial mound heights are 45-173 cm), as well as in recent analogues in the desert-steppe zone (Western Ergeni, Salo-Manych Ridge), have been studied. In paleosol profiles, the living microbial biomass estimated from the content of phospholipids varies from 35 to 258% of the present-day value; the active biomass (responsive to glucose addition) in paleosols is 1‒3 orders of magnitude lower than in recent analogues. The content of soil phospholipids is recalculated to that of microbial carbon, and its share in the total soil organic carbon is determined: it is 4.5-7.0% in recent soils and up to three times higher in the remained organic carbon of paleosols. The stability of microbial communities in the B1 horizon of paleosols is 1.3-2.2 times higher than in the upper horizon; in recent soils, it has a tendency to a decrease. The share of microorganisms feeding on plant residues in the ecological-trophic structure of paleosol microbial communities is higher by 23-35% and their index of oligotrophy is 3-5 times lower than in recent analogues. The size of microbial pool and its structure indicate a significantly higher input of plant residues into soils 4600-4500 years ago than in the recent time, which is related to the increase in atmospheric humidity in the studied zone. However, the occurrence depths of salt accumulations in profiles of the studied soils contradict this supposition. A short-term trend of increase in climate humidity is supposed, as indicated by microbial parameters (the most sensitive soil characteristics) or changes in the annual variation of precipitation (its increase in the warm season) during the construction of the mounds under study.
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Salo, Paula; Ala-Mursula, Leena; Rod, Naja Hulvej; Tucker, Philip; Pentti, Jaana; Kivimäki, Mika; Vahtera, Jussi
2014-07-01
Employee control over work times has been associated with favorable psychosocial and health-related outcomes, but the evidence regarding sleep quality remains inconclusive. We examined cross-sectional and prospective associations between work time control and sleep disturbances in a large working population, taking into account total hours worked. The data were from a full-panel longitudinal cohort study of Finnish public sector employees who responded to questions on work time control and sleep disturbances in years 2000-2001, 2004-2005, 2008-2009, and 2012. The analysis of cross-sectional associations was based on 129,286 person measurements from 68,089 participants (77% women) aged 17-73 years (mean 43.1). Data from 16,503 participants were used in the longitudinal analysis. Log-binomial regression analysis with the generalized estimating equations method was used. Consistently in both cross-sectional and longitudinal models, less control over work time was associated with greater sleep disturbances in the total population and among those working normal 40-hour weeks. Among participants working more than 40 hours a week, work time that was both very high (cross-sectional prevalence ratio compared to intermediate work time control [PR] 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.65) and very low (PR 1.23, 95% CI 1.08-1.39) was associated with sleep disturbances, after adjustment for potential confounding factors. These data suggest that having few opportunities to influence the duration and positioning of work time may increase the risk of sleep disturbances among employees. For persons working long hours, very high levels of control over working times were also associated with increased risk of sleep disturbances. Salo P, Ala-Mursula L, Rod NH, Tucker P, Pentti J, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J. Work time control and sleep disturbances: prospective cohort study of Finnish public sector employees. SLEEP 2014;37(7):1217-1225.
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N-body modeling of barlens galaxies: Boxy/Peanut/X observed at different viewing geometries
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Salo, Heikki; Laurikainen, Eija
2017-06-01
We use stellar dynamical N-body simulations to explore barlens galaxies, i.e. galaxies with lens-like central structures embedded in their bars, with a size about one-half of the narrow bar component. Because of their roundish isophotes, barlenses are often confused with classical bulges. However, growing evidence indicates that barlenses form a part of the bar, corresponding to the face-on projection of the vertically extended Boxy/Peanut/X central structures seen in edge-on barred galaxies (see Laurikainen et al. 2014, 2016, Athanassoula et al. 2015). B/P/X/barlens structures appear mostly in galaxies with stellar masses above 1010 solar masses. It has been suggested by Bland-Hawthorn & Gerhard (2016) that in face-on view also our Milky Way is likely to be a barlens galaxy.Here we review the morphological appearance of B/P/X/barlens galaxies (aspect ratio, size compared to the narrow bar) as a function of viewing inclination, by comparing synthetic images from simulations with the 3.6 micron data from S4G (Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies). We demonstrate how the X/barlens morphology depends on the central mass concentration in galaxies; the pure barlens morphology requires steep inner rotation curves, while for shallower slopes the central structure still resembles a barlens, but shows boxy isophotes or X-signature even at low inclinations. This simulated behavior is confirmed with S4G data (Salo & Laurikainen 2017). We also use broadband SDSS colors and CALIFA DR3 data from literature, to analyze the ages and metallicities of the barlens components with respect to the narrow bar and the centralpeak of the galaxies. Finally, kinematic maps of the simulated galaxies are presented, illustrating the expected signatures of barlens component on the H3 and H4 Hermite-moments.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Geipele, I.; Staube, T.; Ciemleja, G.; Zeltins, N.; Ekmanis, Yu.
2015-08-01
The publication comprises the results from the practical scientific investigation to define the profile and distinctions of the Latvian innovative multifunctional material manufacturing industry. The research is carried out by a holistic approach, including expert interviews, qualitative analysis of the official register data, practical survey, and financial data analysis. The paper seeks to give the detailed data on a technological profile of the mentioned representative companies, if there is a synergy or tough competition in the Latvian market. The current research is topical, because it is unique and does not have analogues in Latvia, and the research is timely due to correspondence with recently stated Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation in Latvia. The main findings are associated with recognition of the factors that make impact on commercialisation of the finished goods, obtained financial results and planned directions of development of the respondent companies. Publikācija sniedz veiktā zinātniski praktiskā pētījuma rezultātus, kura ietvaros tika noteikts Latvijas inovatīvu daudzfunkcionālo materiālu ražotāju darbības profils un identitāte. Pētījumā tika izmantota kompleksās analīzes metode, kas ietvēra ekspertu intervijas, uzņēmumu oficiāli reģistrēto datu kvalitatīvo analīzi, zinātniski praktisko aptauju, kā arī pētāmo uzņēmumu finanšu darbības rezultātu analīzi. Zinātniskais darbs sniedz izsmeļošu informāciju par mērķa uzņēmumu tehnoloģisko profilu un pēta, vai Latvijas mērķa ražošanas nozarē ir sinerģijas vai sīvās konkurences pazīmes. Šim zinātniskajam pētījumam ir noteikta aktualitāte saskaņā ar tā unikalitāti Latvijas valsts mērogā un atbilstība Viedās specializācijas stratēģijai. Pētījuma galvenie secinājumi ir saistīti ar uzņēmumu produkcijas komercializācijas ietekmējošo faktoru apzināšanu, sasniegtajiem finansiālajiem rezultātiem un pl
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Salo, Paula; Vahtera, Jussi; Hall, Martica; Rod, Naja Hulvej; Virtanen, Marianna; Pentti, Jaana; Sjösten, Noora; Oksanen, Tuula; Kivimäki, Mika
2012-01-01
Context: It is unknown whether or not measuring sleep disturbances repeatedly, rather than at only one point in time, improves prediction of work disability. Study Objective: o examine sleep disturbance patterns over time as a risk marker for diagnosis-specific work disability. Design: rospective cohort study linking repeatedly measured self-reported sleep disturbances with records of physician-certified work disability (sickness absence) from a national register. Participants responded to surveys in 2000–2002, and 2004, and were followed up for 12 mo. Setting: Public sector employees in Finland. Participants: 25,639 participants (mean age 45.6 yr, 82% female). Main Outcome Measure: Incident diagnosis-specific sickness absence of > 9 days. Results: During a mean follow-up of 323 days, 4,975 employees (19%) had a new episode of sickness absence. In multivariable-adjusted models corrected for multiple testing, stable severe sleep disturbances, in comparison with no sleep disturbances, were associated with an increased risk of sickness absence due to diseases of the musculoskeletal system (hazard ratio (HR) 1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45–1.95), and injuries and poisonings (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.23–2.18). Increases in sleep disturbances predicted subsequent sickness absence due to mental disorders (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.32–1.91), and diseases of the musculoskeletal system (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.27–1.64) According to net reclassification improvement analyses, measurement of sleep disturbance patterns rather than the level of sleep disturbances at one point in time improved prediction of all-cause sickness absence by 14%, and diagnosis-specific sickness absences up to 17% (P for improvement < 0.001). Conclusions: Increasing and severe chronic sleep disturbances mark an increased risk of diagnosis-specific work disability. Citation: Salo P; Vahtera J; Hall M; Rod NH; Virtanen M; Pentti J; Sjösten N; Oksanen T; Kivimäki M. Using repeated measures of sleep
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Dental research productivity in Argentina (1993 to 2003).
Collet, Ana M; Jara-Tracchia, Lilian; Palacios, Silvia B; Itoiz, Maria E
2006-01-01
The scientific presentations at the annual meetings of the Argentine Division of the I.A.D.R. (S.A.I.O.) are proof of the scientific production of this country in dental research. Our annual meetings provide a forum for the rapid communication and discussion of research. However, only peer-reviewed articles, published in journals indexed in worldwide-accepted databases such as MEDLINE are permanent records of the research work and can reach out to a global audience. A useful indicator of quality and publication efficiency of research work is the rate of publication (RP), i.e. relationship between the quantity of presentations and subsequent publications in peer-reviewed journals. Previous works analyzed the two periods: 1980-1989 and 1990-1995 (Acta Odont. Latinoamer 7(2):39-46,1993 and Acta Odont. Latinoamer. 10(1):63-69, 1997). The aim of this work was to update the informatiod and study the publication rate of national Dental research works. The 1669 works produced by national research centers presented at the Annual Meetings of the S.A.LO. from 1993 to 2003 were evaluated. Employing the authors' index of the programs of the Annual Meetings of the S.A.I.O. we searched for possible publications in MEDLINE. The references obtained were compared with the presentations (title and authors) disregarding those that had not been communicated previously at our Division meeting. Presentations and the corresponding publications were grouped according to research center and within each center according to subject area. The following parameters were obtained: PR, time between Presentation and publication and language of publication. PR increased in 1993-2003 (1/4.8, 20.79%) when compared to the periods studied previously (1/8, 12%). Most of the publications were in English and had been published within 4 years after presentation. The increase in the number of S.A.I.O. presentations published in peer-reviewed journals shows an improvement in terms of research productivity in
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Viscous Overstability in Saturn's B-Ring. II. Hydrodynamic Theory and Comparison to Simulations
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Schmidt, Jürgen; Salo, Heikki; Spahn, Frank; Petzschmann, Olaf
2001-10-01
We investigate the viscous oscillatory instability (overstability) of an unperturbed dense planetary ring, an instability that might play a role in the formation of radial structure in Saturn's B-ring. We generalize existing hydrodynamic models by including the heat flow equation in the analysis and compare our results to the development of overstable modes in local particle simulations. With the heat flow, in addition to the balance equations for mass and momentum, we take into account the balance law for the energy of the random motion; i.e., we allow for a thermal mode in a stability analysis of the stationary Keplerian flow. We also incorporate the effects of nonlocal transport of momentum and energy on the stability of the ring. In a companion paper (Salo, H., J. Schmidt, and F. Spahn 2001. Icarus, doi:10.1006/icar.2001.6680) we describe the determination of the local and nonlocal parts of the viscosity, the heat conductivity, the pressure, as well as the collisional cooling, together with their dependences on temperature and density, in local event-driven simulations of a planetary ring. The ring's self-gravity is taken into account in these simulations by an enhancement of the frequency of vertical oscillations Ω z>Ω. We use these values as parameters in our hydrodynamic model for the comparison to overstability in simulated rings of meter-sized inelastic particles of large optical depth with Ω z/Ω=3.6. We find that the inclusion of the energy-balance equation has a stabilizing influence on the overstable modes, shifting the stability boundary to higher optical depths, and moderating the growth rates of the instability, as compared to a purely isothermal treatment. The non-isothermal model predicts correctly the growth rates and oscillation frequencies of overstable modes in the simulations, as well as the phase shifts and relative amplitudes of the perturbations in density and radial and tangential velocity.
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Salo, Paula; Ala-Mursula, Leena; Rod, Naja Hulvej; Tucker, Philip; Pentti, Jaana; Kivimäki, Mika; Vahtera, Jussi
2014-01-01
Objectives: Employee control over work times has been associated with favorable psychosocial and health-related outcomes, but the evidence regarding sleep quality remains inconclusive. We examined cross-sectional and prospective associations between work time control and sleep disturbances in a large working population, taking into account total hours worked. Methods: The data were from a full-panel longitudinal cohort study of Finnish public sector employees who responded to questions on work time control and sleep disturbances in years 2000-2001, 2004-2005, 2008-2009, and 2012. The analysis of cross-sectional associations was based on 129,286 person measurements from 68,089 participants (77% women) aged 17-73 years (mean 43.1). Data from 16,503 participants were used in the longitudinal analysis. Log-binomial regression analysis with the generalized estimating equations method was used. Results: Consistently in both cross-sectional and longitudinal models, less control over work time was associated with greater sleep disturbances in the total population and among those working normal 40-hour weeks. Among participants working more than 40 hours a week, work time that was both very high (cross-sectional prevalence ratio compared to intermediate work time control [PR] 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.65) and very low (PR 1.23, 95% CI 1.08-1.39) was associated with sleep disturbances, after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Conclusions: These data suggest that having few opportunities to influence the duration and positioning of work time may increase the risk of sleep disturbances among employees. For persons working long hours, very high levels of control over working times were also associated with increased risk of sleep disturbances. Citation: Salo P, Ala-Mursula L, Rod NH, Tucker P, Pentti J, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J. Work time control and sleep disturbances: prospective cohort study of Finnish public sector employees. SLEEP 2014
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VizieR Online Data Catalog: 3.6um S4G Galactic bars characterization (Diaz-Garcia+, 2016)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Diaz-Garcia, S.; Salo, H.; Laurikainen, E.; Herrera-Endoqui, M.
2015-11-01
Here, we provide the bar strength measurements of a sample of ~600 barred galaxies drawn from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (Sheth et al., 2010, Cat. J/PASP/122/1397). Bars were identified based on the morphological classifications by Buta et al. (2015, Cat. J/ApJS/217/32). Besides, we provide a parameterization of the stellar contribution to the rotation curve and an estimate to the stellar-to-halo mass ratio within the optical radius for a sample of 1345 non-highly inclined galaxies (i<65°). The radial force profiles and rotation curve decomposition models of each of these galaxies are also given. Table A1 contains fundamental parameters of the galaxies such as the total stellar mass and distances (values for all the S4G sample are calculated in Munoz-Mateos et al., 2015ApJS..219....3M). Besides, we provide an estimate of the scale-heights and optical radii. We also list the inclination-corrected HI maximum velocities, the parameters of the stellar and halo components of the rotation curves, and the estimates of the halo-to-stellar mass ratios within the optical disk. In Table A2 it is given the gravitational torque parameters and radii, with and without spiral arms and halo correction. In Table A3 it is provided the maximum normalized Fourier amplitudes and radii (for the m = 2, 4, 6 and 8 components) and the bar ellipticities (from Herrera-Endoqui et al., 2015A&A...582A..86H) deprojected to the disk plane using the orientation parameters from S4G Pipeline 4 (Salo et al., 2015, Cat. J/ApJS/219/4). The evaluation of the gravitational torques and m=2 Fourier amplitude at the bar radius is also listed in both tables. In the directory "rfp" we provide the gravitational torque radial profiles, with and without spiral arms and halo correction, even Fourier amplitudes and m=2 phase of 1345 non-highly inclined disk S4G galaxies ("radialforce_profiles.dat"). Likewise, for the same sample, in the directory "rcdm" we tabulate the rotation curve
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Observational and research progress of the M51 galaxy
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chen, Zhu; Williams, Peter
2006-12-01
The M51 system consists of a grand-design spiral galaxy and a relatively large close companion, NGC 5195. Because M51 (=NGC 5194) is nearby and nearly face-on to us, its structure can be observed in great detail and with a minimum of obscuration from dust. As a result, this galaxy has been thoroughly observed at wavelengths from radio to X-ray. Due to the rich archive of observational data, its structure, dynamical process, star formation mechanism and some other important properties have been analyzed by many authors. In the center of M51, there is a Seyfert 2 or LINER type AGN which radius is 100 pc. The mass within 70 pc in the center is (4~7)×106 Msun, this indicates there may be a black hole there. The disk of M51 can be divided into two parts, the inner disk around the nucleus cuts off at 1350 pc, from this radius to 10 kpc is the outer disk. In contrast, the companion, NGC 5195 is small and faint, and heavy dust from the arm of M51 in the foreground obscures its optical radiation. M51 has many interesting properties different from other normal galaxies, such as the wide open spiral arm, the long HI tidal tail and the huge distorted gas ring around the outer disk, these may be related to the interaction effects. Actually, the dynamical modeling history of M51 is long, in the early stage of astronomical numerical simulation, Toomre & Toomre have given a simple simulation of M51 to study its tidal effect. In 1990, the discovery of M51's long HI tidal tail made the astrophysicists shift the preferred collision time of M51 and NGC 5195 to somewhat later times in order to give the tail more time to develop. More recently, Salo and Laurikainen suggested that a multiple-passage model might be more appropriate for the system, such a scenario appears to do a better job of explaining NGC 5194's HI velocity field, but the predicted structure of the HI tidal tail is more complex than its observation. In this paper, the authers review literature of multi
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lehmann, M.; Schmidt, J.; Salo, H.
2017-09-01
Observational evidence for the presence of axisymmetric periodic micro-structure on length scales of 100m - 200m in Saturn's A and B rings was revealed by several instruments onboard the Cassini mission to Saturn. The structure was seen in radio occultations performed by the Radio Science Subsystem (RSS) (Thomson et al. (2007)) and stellar occultations carried out with the Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) (Colwell et al. (2007)), and the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) (Hedman et al. (2014)). Up to date, this micro-structure is best explained by the viscous overstability, which arises as a spontaneous oscillatory instability in a dense ring, if certain conditions are met, leading to the formation of axisymmetric density waves with wavelengths on the order of 100m. We investigate the influence of collective self-gravity forces on the nonlinear, large scale evolution of the viscous overstability in Saturn's rings. To this end we numerically solve the nonlinear hydrodynamic model equations for a dense ring, including radial self-gravity and employing values for the transport coefficients (such as the ring's viscosity and heat conductivity) derived by salo et al. (2001). We concentrate on ring optical depths of order unity, which are appropriate to model Saturn's dense rings. Furthermore, local N-body simulations, incorporating vertical and radial collective self-gravity forces are performed. Direct particle-particle forces are omitted, which prevents small scale gravitational instabilities (self-gravity wakes) from forming, an approximation that allows us to study long radial scales of some 10 kilometers and to compare directly the hydrodynamic model and the N-body simulations. Our hydrodynamic model results, in the limit of vanishing self-gravity, compare very well with the studies of Latter & Ogilvie (2010) and Rein & Latter (2013). In contrast, for rings with non-vanishing radial self-gravity we find that the wavelengths of saturated
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Modelling of Resonantly Forced Density Waves in Dense Planetary Rings
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lehmann, M.; Schmidt, J.; Salo, H.
2014-04-01
Density wave theory, originally proposed to explain the spiral structure of galactic disks, has been applied to explain parts of the complex sub-structure in Saturn's rings, such as the wavetrains excited at the inner Lindblad resonances (ILR) of various satellites. The linear theory for the excitation and damping of density waves in Saturn's rings is fairly well developed (e.g. Goldreich & Tremaine [1979]; Shu [1984]). However, it fails to describe certain aspects of the observed waves. The non-applicability of the linear theory is already indicated by the "cusplike" shape of many of the observed wave profiles. This is a typical nonlinear feature which is also present in overstability wavetrains (Schmidt & Salo [2003]; Latter & Ogilvie [2010]). In particular, it turns out that the detailed damping mechanism, as well as the role of different nonlinear effects on the propagation of density waves remain intransparent. First attemps are being made to investigate the excitation and propagation of nonlinear density waves within a hydrodynamical formalism, which is also the natural formalism for describing linear density waves. A simple weakly nonlinear model, derived from a multiple-scale expansion of the hydrodynamic equations, is presented. This model describes the damping of "free" spiral density waves in a vertically integrated fluid disk with density dependent transport coefficients, where the effects of the hydrodynamic nonlinearities are included. The model predicts that density waves are linearly unstable in a ring region where the conditions for viscous overstability are met, which translates to a steep dependence of the shear viscosity with respect to the disk's surface density. The possibility that this dependence could lead to a growth of density waves with increasing distance from the resonance, was already mentioned in Goldreich & Tremaine [1978]. Sufficiently far away from the ILR, the surface density perturbation caused by the wave, is predicted to
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Rings Research in the Next Decade
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Burns, J. A.; Tiscareno, M. S.
2009-12-01
-based observations. Members of the Rings White Paper Team include: Matthew S. Tiscareno (Cornell U), Nicole Albers (U of Colorado), Todd Bradley (U of Central Florida), André Brahic (U of Paris, France), Shawn Brooks (JPL), Joseph Burns (Cornell U), Carlos Chavez (UNAM, Mexico), Joshua Colwell (U of Central Florida), Jeff Cuzzi (NASA Ames), Imke de Pater (U of California), Luke Dones (SwRI), Richard Durisen (Indiana U), Michael Evans (Cornell U), Cecile Ferrari (CEA Saclay, France), Gianrico Filacchione (INAF-IASF, Italy), Silvia Giuliatti Winter (UNESP, Brazil), Mitch Gordon (SETI), Amara Graps (SwRI), Eberhard Gruen (MPI, Germany), Douglas Hamilton (U of Maryland), Matthew Hedman (Cornell U), Mihaly Horanyi (U of Colorado), Sascha Kempf (MPI, Germany), Harald Krueger (MPI, Germany), Steve Larson (U of Arizona), Mark Lewis (Trinity U), Jack Lissauer (NASA Ames), Colin Mitchell (CICLOPS/SSI), Carl Murray (QMUL, England), Philip Nicholson (Cornell U), Cathy Olkin (SwRI), Robert Pappalardo (JPL), Frank Postberg (MPI, Germany), Heikki Salo (U of Oulu, Finland), Juergen Schmidt (U of Potsdam, Germany), David Seal (JPL), Mark Showalter (SETI), Frank Spahn (U of Potsdam, Germany), Linda Spilker (JPL), Joseph Spitale (CICLOPS/SSI), Ralf Srama (MPI, Germany), Miodrag Sremcevic (U of Colorado), Glen Stewart (U of Colorado), John Weiss (Carleton College), Padma Yanamandra-Fisher (JPL)
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Springtime atmospheric transport controls Arctic summer sea-ice extent
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kapsch, Marie; Graversen, Rune; Tjernström, Michael
2013-04-01
anomaly becomes positive. The net shortwave radiation contributes during the rest of the melting season to an enhanced energy flux towards the surface. These findings lead to the conclusion that enhanced longwave radiation associated with positive humidity and cloud anomalies during spring plays a significant role in initiating the summer ice melt, whereas shortwave-radiation anomalies act as an amplifying feedback once the melt has started. References: Lindsay, R. and J. Zhang. The thinning of Arctic Sea Ice, 19882003: Have We Passed a Tipping Point?. J. Clim. 18, 48794894 (2005). Overland, J. E., M. Wang and S. Salo. The recent Arctic warm period. Tellus 60A, 589-597 (2008). Comiso, J. C., C. L. Parkinson, R. Gersten and L. Stock. Accelerated Decline in the Arctic sea ice cover. Geophys. Res. Lett. 35, L01703 (2008). Francis, J. A. and E. Hunter. New Insight Into the Disappearing Arctic Sea Ice. EOS T. Am. Geophys. Un. 87, 509511 (2006). Maksimovich, E. and T. Vihma. The effect of heat fluxes on interannual variability in the spring onset of snow melt in the central Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 117, C07012 (2012). Serreze, M. C., M. M. Holland and J. Stroeve. Perspectives on the Arctic's Shrinking Sea-Ice Cover. Science 315, 1533-1536 (2007).