Sample records for samoa

  1. 50 CFR 665.140 - American Samoa Crustacean Fisheries. [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 13 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false American Samoa Crustacean Fisheries. [Reserved] 665.140 Section 665.140 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL... PACIFIC American Samoa Fisheries § 665.140 American Samoa Crustacean Fisheries. [Reserved] ...

  2. 50 CFR 665.140 - American Samoa Crustacean Fisheries. [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 13 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false American Samoa Crustacean Fisheries. [Reserved] 665.140 Section 665.140 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL... PACIFIC American Samoa Fisheries § 665.140 American Samoa Crustacean Fisheries. [Reserved] ...

  3. 50 CFR 665.140 - American Samoa Crustacean Fisheries. [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 13 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false American Samoa Crustacean Fisheries. [Reserved] 665.140 Section 665.140 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL... PACIFIC American Samoa Fisheries § 665.140 American Samoa Crustacean Fisheries. [Reserved] ...

  4. 50 CFR 665.160 - American Samoa precious coral fisheries. [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 13 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false American Samoa precious coral fisheries. [Reserved] 665.160 Section 665.160 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL... PACIFIC American Samoa Fisheries § 665.160 American Samoa precious coral fisheries. [Reserved] ...

  5. 50 CFR 665.160 - American Samoa precious coral fisheries. [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false American Samoa precious coral fisheries. [Reserved] 665.160 Section 665.160 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL... PACIFIC American Samoa Fisheries § 665.160 American Samoa precious coral fisheries. [Reserved] ...

  6. 50 CFR 665.160 - American Samoa precious coral fisheries. [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 13 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false American Samoa precious coral fisheries. [Reserved] 665.160 Section 665.160 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL... PACIFIC American Samoa Fisheries § 665.160 American Samoa precious coral fisheries. [Reserved] ...

  7. 50 CFR 665.160 - American Samoa precious coral fisheries. [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false American Samoa precious coral fisheries. [Reserved] 665.160 Section 665.160 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL... PACIFIC American Samoa Fisheries § 665.160 American Samoa precious coral fisheries. [Reserved] ...

  8. 50 CFR 665.160 - American Samoa precious coral fisheries. [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 13 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false American Samoa precious coral fisheries. [Reserved] 665.160 Section 665.160 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL... PACIFIC American Samoa Fisheries § 665.160 American Samoa precious coral fisheries. [Reserved] ...

  9. 50 CFR 665.120 - American Samoa coral reef ecosystem fisheries. [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 13 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false American Samoa coral reef ecosystem fisheries. [Reserved] 665.120 Section 665.120 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT... WESTERN PACIFIC American Samoa Fisheries § 665.120 American Samoa coral reef ecosystem fisheries...

  10. 50 CFR 665.120 - American Samoa coral reef ecosystem fisheries. [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 13 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false American Samoa coral reef ecosystem fisheries. [Reserved] 665.120 Section 665.120 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT... WESTERN PACIFIC American Samoa Fisheries § 665.120 American Samoa coral reef ecosystem fisheries...

  11. 50 CFR 665.120 - American Samoa coral reef ecosystem fisheries. [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 13 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false American Samoa coral reef ecosystem fisheries. [Reserved] 665.120 Section 665.120 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT... WESTERN PACIFIC American Samoa Fisheries § 665.120 American Samoa coral reef ecosystem fisheries...

  12. 50 CFR 665.120 - American Samoa coral reef ecosystem fisheries. [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false American Samoa coral reef ecosystem fisheries. [Reserved] 665.120 Section 665.120 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT... WESTERN PACIFIC American Samoa Fisheries § 665.120 American Samoa coral reef ecosystem fisheries...

  13. 50 CFR 665.120 - American Samoa coral reef ecosystem fisheries. [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false American Samoa coral reef ecosystem fisheries. [Reserved] 665.120 Section 665.120 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT... WESTERN PACIFIC American Samoa Fisheries § 665.120 American Samoa coral reef ecosystem fisheries...

  14. 49 CFR 71.13 - Samoa zone.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Samoa zone. 71.13 Section 71.13 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation STANDARD TIME ZONE BOUNDARIES § 71.13 Samoa zone. The eighth zone, the Samoa standard time zone, includes that part of the United States that is between 169 degrees...

  15. A tour of forest nurseries in the Pacific Islands of Micronesia and American Samoa

    Treesearch

    Leonard A. Newell

    2002-01-01

    Forestry programs in the American-affiliated islands of Micronesia and American Samoa are relatively young, compared to those of mainland states. American Samoa and Guam have been American Flag Territories since 1899, but neither had a forestry program before 1970. American Samoa had no forestry program until 1987. After World War II, the United States was the de facta...

  16. Healthful food availability in stores and restaurants--American Samoa, 2014.

    PubMed

    Lee-Kwan, Seung Hee; Kumar, Gayathri; Ayscue, Patrick; Santos, Marjorie; McGuire, Lisa C; Blanck, Heidi M; Nua, Motusa Tuileama

    2015-03-20

    American Samoa, one of the U.S.-affiliated Pacific Islands, has documented the highest prevalence of adults with obesity (75%) in the world. The nutritionally poor food and beverage environment of food retail venues has been suspected to be a contributing factor, although an evaluation of these venues in American Samoa has not been conducted. In January 2014, American Samoa established an Obesity Task Force to develop policies and strategies to combat obesity. To inform the efforts of the task force, the American Samoa Department of Health and CDC conducted a baseline assessment of the availability, pricing, and promotion of healthful foods at retail food venues. Previously validated food environment assessment tools were modified to incorporate American Samoa foods and administered in a geographically representative sample of 70 stores (nine grocery stores and 61 convenience stores) and 20 restaurants. In convenience stores, healthful items were not found as available as less healthful counterparts, and some healthful items were more expensive than their less healthful counterparts. For restaurants, 70% offered at least one healthful entrée, whereas only 30% had healthful side dishes, such as vegetables. Actions to promote healthy eating, such as providing calorie information, were rare among restaurants. Improving availability, affordability, and the promotion of healthful foods in American Samoa stores and restaurants could support healthy eating among American Samoa residents.

  17. Defense.gov - Special Report - Disaster Strikes Philippines, American Samoa

    Science.gov Websites

    medical mission in American Samoa wrapped up over the weekend, but 14 Guardsmen with the state’s civil Relief Efforts Continue WASHINGTON, Oct. 2, 2009 – The medical support situation in American Samoa has

  18. Trade and health in Samoa: views from the insiders.

    PubMed

    Fa'alili-Fidow, Jacinta; McCool, Judith; Percival, Teuila

    2014-04-04

    The purpose of this paper is to portray the views of key stakeholders on the potential impacts of Samoa's free trade negotiations and agreements, on health and wellbeing in Samoa. A series of key informant interviews were undertaken with identified stakeholders during June and July, 2011. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview protocol. They were conducted in-person, in New Zealand and in Samoa. Despite potential health and wellbeing gains arising from trade activities (employment, increase in income, health innovations and empowerment of women), key stakeholders expressed a growing concern about the effect of trade on the population's health, nutrition and the rates of non-communicable diseases. Unease about compromising the national policies due to international regulations was also conveyed. Business and trade representatives however, believed that trade benefits outweighed any health and wellbeing risks to the population of Samoa. Further investigation, using new methodologies are required to determine both the opportunities and threats for trade as a mechanism to improve the health of Samoa's population.

  19. 50 CFR 665.816 - American Samoa longline limited entry program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... persons only: (i) A western Pacific community located in American Samoa that meets the criteria set forth...) A family member of the permit holder, (ii) A western Pacific community located in American Samoa... socioeconomic objectives, concerning gear conflict, overfishing, enforceability, compliance, and other issues. ...

  20. 50 CFR 665.816 - American Samoa longline limited entry program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... persons only: (i) A western Pacific community located in American Samoa that meets the criteria set forth...) A family member of the permit holder, (ii) A western Pacific community located in American Samoa... socioeconomic objectives, concerning gear conflict, overfishing, enforceability, compliance, and other issues. ...

  1. 50 CFR 665.816 - American Samoa longline limited entry program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... persons only: (i) A western Pacific community located in American Samoa that meets the criteria set forth...) A family member of the permit holder, (ii) A western Pacific community located in American Samoa... socioeconomic objectives, concerning gear conflict, overfishing, enforceability, compliance, and other issues. ...

  2. 50 CFR 665.816 - American Samoa longline limited entry program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... persons only: (i) A western Pacific community located in American Samoa that meets the criteria set forth...) A family member of the permit holder, (ii) A western Pacific community located in American Samoa... socioeconomic objectives, concerning gear conflict, overfishing, enforceability, compliance, and other issues. ...

  3. American Samoa: Energy Action Plan

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ness, J. Erik; Haase, Scott; Conrad, Misty

    2016-09-01

    This document outlines actions being taken to reduce American Samoa's petroleum consumption. It describes the four near-term strategies selected by the American Samoa Renewable Energy Committee during action-planning workshops conducted in May 2016, and describes the steps that will need to be taken to implement those strategies.

  4. 50 CFR 665.125 - Prohibitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., possess or land any American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS in any low-use MPA as defined in § 665.99... American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS possessed on board the vessel originated outside the management... documentation. (b) Fish for, take, or retain any American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS species: (1) That is...

  5. 50 CFR 665.125 - Prohibitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., possess or land any American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS in any low-use MPA as defined in § 665.99... American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS possessed on board the vessel originated outside the management... documentation. (b) Fish for, take, or retain any American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS species: (1) That is...

  6. 50 CFR 665.125 - Prohibitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., possess or land any American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS in any low-use MPA as defined in § 665.99... American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS possessed on board the vessel originated outside the management... documentation. (b) Fish for, take, or retain any American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS species: (1) That is...

  7. 50 CFR 665.125 - Prohibitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., possess or land any American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS in any low-use MPA as defined in § 665.99... American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS possessed on board the vessel originated outside the management... documentation. (b) Fish for, take, or retain any American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS species: (1) That is...

  8. 50 CFR 665.125 - Prohibitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., possess or land any American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS in any low-use MPA as defined in § 665.99... American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS possessed on board the vessel originated outside the management... documentation. (b) Fish for, take, or retain any American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS species: (1) That is...

  9. 78 FR 20297 - Availability of Seats for the National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa Advisory Council

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-04

    ... the National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa Advisory Council AGENCY: Office of National Marine Sanctuaries (ONMS), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA... applications for the following vacant seats on the National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa Advisory Council...

  10. 50 CFR 665.124 - Permits and fees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... retaining American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS must have a special permit if they, or a vessel which they operate, is used to fish for any: (i) American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS in low-use MPAs as defined in § 665.99; (ii) American Samoa Potentially Harvested Coral Reef Taxa in the coral reef ecosystem...

  11. 50 CFR 665.124 - Permits and fees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... retaining American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS must have a special permit if they, or a vessel which they operate, is used to fish for any: (i) American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS in low-use MPAs as defined in § 665.99; (ii) American Samoa Potentially Harvested Coral Reef Taxa in the coral reef ecosystem...

  12. 50 CFR 665.124 - Permits and fees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... retaining American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS must have a special permit if they, or a vessel which they operate, is used to fish for any: (i) American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS in low-use MPAs as defined in § 665.99; (ii) American Samoa Potentially Harvested Coral Reef Taxa in the coral reef ecosystem...

  13. 47 CFR 27.6 - Service areas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... the United States Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Gulf of Mexico, which have been assigned... states, Alaska, Hawaii, the Gulf of Mexico, and the U.S. territories. Maps of the EAs, MEAs, MSAs, RSAs... (American Samoa) 51 (American Samoa) 175. 12 (Gulf of Mexico) 52 (Gulf of Mexico) 176. (2) The Gulf of...

  14. 47 CFR 27.6 - Service areas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... the United States Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Gulf of Mexico, which have been assigned... states, Alaska, Hawaii, the Gulf of Mexico, and the U.S. territories. Maps of the EAs, MEAs, MSAs, RSAs... (American Samoa) 51 (American Samoa) 175. 12 (Gulf of Mexico) 52 (Gulf of Mexico) 176. (2) The Gulf of...

  15. 47 CFR 27.6 - Service areas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... the United States Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Gulf of Mexico, which have been assigned... states, Alaska, Hawaii, the Gulf of Mexico, and the U.S. territories. Maps of the EAs, MEAs, MSAs, RSAs... (American Samoa) 51 (American Samoa) 175. 12 (Gulf of Mexico) 52 (Gulf of Mexico) 176. (2) The Gulf of...

  16. 50 CFR 665.124 - Permits and fees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... retaining American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS must have a special permit if they, or a vessel which they operate, is used to fish for any: (i) American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS in low-use MPAs as defined in § 665.99; (ii) American Samoa Potentially Harvested Coral Reef Taxa in the coral reef ecosystem...

  17. 77 FR 58813 - Western Pacific Fisheries; Approval of a Marine Conservation Plan for American Samoa

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-24

    .... Determining genetic connectivity of coral reef ecosystems in the Samoa archipelago; 21. Surveying fish... quality of deep reef habitat through use of drop cameras; 32. Coral recruitment survey and monitoring; 33... scientific awareness of junior biologist; and 46. Monitoring of coral reefs in Independent Samoa. Objective 7...

  18. 50 CFR 665.124 - Permits and fees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... retaining American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS must have a special permit if they, or a vessel which they operate, is used to fish for any: (i) American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS in low-use MPAs as defined in § 665.99; (ii) American Samoa Potentially Harvested Coral Reef Taxa in the coral reef ecosystem...

  19. 75 FR 5907 - Safety Zone; Dive Platform, Pago Pago Harbor, American Samoa

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-05

    ... platform vessel in Pago Pago Harbor, American Samoa, while diving operations are under way in and around the CHEHALIS wreck. The safety zone is necessary to protect other vessels and the general public from... Pago, American Samoa. Today, the CHEHALIS wreck remains a potential pollution threat to the environment...

  20. 15 CFR Appendix to Subpart J of... - American Samoa National Marine Sanctuary Boundary Coordinates

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false American Samoa National Marine..., DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa Pt. 922, Subpt. J, App. Appendix to Subpart J of Part 922...

  1. 78 FR 23540 - Fisheries in the Western Pacific; American Samoa Pelagic Longline Limited Entry Program

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-19

    ... individual wage record, ownership title, vessel registration, or other official documents. The documents must show either ownership of a vessel that was used to fish in the EEZ around American Samoa, or evidence... the Western Pacific; American Samoa Pelagic Longline Limited Entry Program AGENCY: National Marine...

  2. 42 CFR 431.56 - Special waiver provisions applicable to American Samoa and the Northern Mariana Islands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... expenditure made by American Samoa or the Northern Mariana Islands for care and services that meet the section... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Special waiver provisions applicable to American Samoa and the Northern Mariana Islands. 431.56 Section 431.56 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE...

  3. 42 CFR 431.56 - Special waiver provisions applicable to American Samoa and the Northern Mariana Islands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... expenditure made by American Samoa or the Northern Mariana Islands for care and services that meet the section... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Special waiver provisions applicable to American Samoa and the Northern Mariana Islands. 431.56 Section 431.56 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE...

  4. 42 CFR 431.56 - Special waiver provisions applicable to American Samoa and the Northern Mariana Islands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... expenditure made by American Samoa or the Northern Mariana Islands for care and services that meet the section... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Special waiver provisions applicable to American Samoa and the Northern Mariana Islands. 431.56 Section 431.56 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE...

  5. 42 CFR 431.56 - Special waiver provisions applicable to American Samoa and the Northern Mariana Islands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... expenditure made by American Samoa or the Northern Mariana Islands for care and services that meet the section... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Special waiver provisions applicable to American Samoa and the Northern Mariana Islands. 431.56 Section 431.56 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE...

  6. 42 CFR 431.56 - Special waiver provisions applicable to American Samoa and the Northern Mariana Islands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... expenditure made by American Samoa or the Northern Mariana Islands for care and services that meet the section... 42 Public Health 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Special waiver provisions applicable to American Samoa and the Northern Mariana Islands. 431.56 Section 431.56 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE...

  7. Teacher Education at the American Samoa Community College

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kneubuhl, James; Fua, Tupua Roy

    2006-01-01

    A number of circumstances make it difficult for aspiring teachers in American Samoa to earn certification and/or advanced degrees. Young men and women who graduate from the territory's high schools have two options available to them if they plan to continue their education. They can pursue a two-year degree at the American Samoa Community College…

  8. 78 FR 70282 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Cost-Earnings Surveys of Hawaii and American...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-25

    ... Collection; Comment Request; Cost-Earnings Surveys of Hawaii and American Samoa Small Boat-Based Fisheries... as for sale, home consumption, and give-away, etc.) in the Hawaii and American Samoa small boat-based... boat fishers in Hawaii and American Samoa and their participation in the economic data collection will...

  9. 2009 Samoa tsunami: factors that exacerbated or reduced impacts in Samoa and American Samoa

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dengler, L. A.; Ewing, L.; Brandt, J.; Irish, J. L.; Jones, C.; Long, K.; Lazrus, H.; McCullough, N.

    2009-12-01

    An interdisciplinary team with expertise in coastal and port engineering, coastal management, environmental science, anthropology, emergency management, and mitigation visited Samoa and American Samoa in late October and November, 2009. The team, sponsored by ASCE/COPRI, EERI, and the NTHMP focused on identifying the factors which effected the impacts of the September 29, 2009 tsunami. The engineering group assessed the value of engineered coastal protection and natural protective features (reefs, mangroves, etc.) in reducing tsunami inundation by comparing protected and unprotected coastlines and examined possible correlations between damage to the built environment and hydrodynamic forcing, namely loading by runup and velocity. The EERI group looked at how coastal land use planning and management, emergency planning and response, and culture, education and awareness of tsunami hazards affected outcomes. The group also looked at public response to the natural warnings of September 29 and the official warnings following the October 7 Vanuatu tsunami warning.

  10. Household evacuation characteristics in American Samoa during the 2009 Samoa Islands tsunami

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Apatu, Emma J. I.; Gregg, Chris E.; Wood, Nathan J.; Wang, Liang

    2016-01-01

    Tsunamis represent significant threats to human life and development in coastal communities. This quantitative study examines the influence of household characteristics on evacuation actions taken by 211 respondents in American Samoa who were at their homes during the 29 September 2009 Mw 8.1 Samoa Islands earthquake and tsunami disaster. Multiple logistic regression analysis of survey data was used to examine the association between evacuation and various household factors. Findings show that increases in distance to shoreline were associated with a slightly decreased likelihood of evacuation, whereas households reporting higher income had an increased probability of evacuation. The response in American Samoa was an effective one, with only 34 fatalities in a tsunami that reached shore in as little as 15 minutes. Consequently, future research should implement more qualitative study designs to identify event and cultural specific determinants of household evacuation behaviour to local tsunamis.

  11. The influence of socioeconomic factors on cardiovascular disease risk factors in the context of economic development in the Samoan archipelago.

    PubMed

    Ezeamama, Amara E; Viali, Satupaitea; Tuitele, John; McGarvey, Stephen T

    2006-11-01

    Early in economic development there are positive associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and in the most developed market economy societies there are negative associations. The purpose of this report is to describe cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between indicators of SES and CVD risk factors in a genetically homogenous population of Samoans at different levels of economic development. At baseline 1289 participants 25-58yrs, and at 4-year follow-up, 963 participants were studied in less economically developed Samoa and in more developed American Samoa. SES was assessed by education, occupation, and material lifestyle at baseline. The CVD risk factors, obesity, type-2 diabetes and hypertension were measured at baseline and 4-year follow-up, and an index of any incident CVD risk factor at follow-up was calculated. Sex and location (Samoa and American Samoa) specific multivariable logistic regression models were used to test for relationships between SES and CVD risk factors at baseline after adjustment for age and the other SES indicators. In addition an ordinal SES index was constructed for each individual based on all three SES indicators, and used in a multivariable model to estimate the predicted probability of CVD risk factors across the SES index for the two locations. In both the models using specific SES measures and CVD risk factor outcomes, and the models using the ordinal SES index and predicted probabilities of CVD risk factors, we detected a pattern of high SES associated with: (1) elevated odds of CVD risk factors in less developed Samoa, and (2) decreased odds of CVD risk factors in more developed American Samoa. We conclude that the pattern of inverse associations between SES and CVD risk factors in Samoa and direct associations in American Samoa is attributable to the heterogeneity across the Samoas in specific exposures to social processes of economic development and the natural history of individual CVD risk factors. The findings suggest that interventions on non-communicable diseases in the Samoas must be devised based on the level of economic development, the socio-economic context of risk factor exposures, and individual characteristics such as age, sex and education level.

  12. 42 CFR 407.43 - Buy-in groups available to Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, and American Samoa.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Virgin Islands, and American Samoa. (a) Categories included in buy-in groups. The buy-in groups that are..., Guam, the Virgin Islands, and American Samoa may choose any of the following coverage groups: (1) Group... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Buy-in groups available to Puerto Rico, Guam, the...

  13. Children in American Samoa: Results of the 2000 Census. A KIDS COUNT/PRB Report on Census 2000.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Annie E. Casey Foundation, Baltimore, MD.

    Using 2000 U.S. Census data, this report compares the situation of children in American Samoa to children's situations in neighboring territories and the nation overall. Between 1999-2000, the number of children in American Samoa increased 24 percent, while the increase was only 14 percent nationwide during the past decade. In 2000, 45 percent of…

  14. Household evacuation characteristics in American Samoa during the 2009 Samoa Islands tsunami.

    PubMed

    Apatu, Emma J I; Gregg, Chris E; Wood, Nathan J; Wang, Liang

    2016-10-01

    Tsunamis represent significant threats to human life and development in coastal communities. This quantitative study examines the influence of household characteristics on evacuation actions taken by 211 respondents in American Samoa who were at their homes during the 29 September 2009 Mw 8.1 Samoa Islands earthquake and tsunami disaster. Multiple logistic regression analysis of survey data was used to examine the association between evacuation and various household factors. Findings show that increases in distance to shoreline were associated with a slightly decreased likelihood of evacuation, whereas households reporting higher income had an increased probability of evacuation. The response in American Samoa was an effective one, with only 34 fatalities in a tsunami that reached shore in as little as 15 minutes. Consequently, future research should implement more qualitative study designs to identify event and cultural specific determinants of household evacuation behaviour to local tsunamis. © 2016 The Author(s). Disasters © Overseas Development Institute, 2016.

  15. 40 CFR 60.4215 - What requirements must I meet for engines used in Guam, American Samoa, or the Commonwealth of...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... CI ICE that are used in Guam, American Samoa, or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands are required to meet the applicable emission standards in § 60.4205. Non-emergency stationary CI ICE with a... § 60.4204(c). (b) Stationary CI ICE that are used in Guam, American Samoa, or the Commonwealth of the...

  16. Tourists' Perceptions of the Free-Roaming Dog Population in Samoa.

    PubMed

    Beckman, Magnus; Hill, Kate E; Farnworth, Mark J; Bolwell, Charlotte F; Bridges, Janis; Acke, Els

    2014-09-29

    A study was undertaken to establish how visiting tourists to Samoa perceived free-roaming dogs (Canis familiaris) and their management, additionally some factors that influence their perceptions were assessed. Questionnaires were administered to 281 tourists across Samoa over 5 weeks. Free-roaming dogs were seen by 98.2% (n = 269/274) of respondents, with 64.9% (n = 137/211) reporting that their presence had a negative effect on overall holiday experience. Respondents staying in the Apia (capital city) area were more likely to consider dogs a problem (p < 0.0001), and there was a significant association between whether the respondent owned a dog and if they thought dogs were a nuisance in Samoa (p < 0.003). Forty-four percent (20/89) of non-dog owners agreed that dogs were a nuisance compared to 22% (80/182) of dog owners. The majority felt that dogs required better control and management in Samoa (81%, n = 222) and that there were too many "stray" dogs (67.9%, n = 188). More respondents were negatively affected by the dogs' presence (64.9%, 137/211), and felt that the dogs made their holiday worse, than respondents that felt the dogs' presence improved their holiday experience (35.1%, 74/211). Most respondents stated that the dogs had a low impact (one to three; 68%, 187/275) on their stay in Samoa, whilst 24% (65/275) and 8% (23/275) stated they had a medium or high impact, respectively, on their stay. Respondents showed strong support for humane population management. Free-roaming dogs present a complex problem for Samoa and for its tourism industry in particular. The findings of this study further support the need for more discussion and action about the provision of veterinary services and population management for dogs in Samoa. It also provides information complementing an earlier study of the attitudes of local Samoans.

  17. Learning from the victims: New physical and social science information about tsunamis from victims of the September 29, 2009 event in Samoa and American Samoa

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dudley, Walter C.; Whitney, Rosy; Faasisila, Jackie; Fonolua, Sharon; Jowitt, Angela; Chan-Kau, Marie

    2011-07-01

    Thirty-one video interviews were carried out on the islands of Tutuila, American Samoa and Upolu, Samoa with survivors of, and responders to, the September 29, 2009 tsunami event. Those interviewed included local residents caught by the waves while attempting to flee to higher ground, those who intentionally ran into the water to save others, individuals who recognized the potential tsunami hazard due to the severity of the earthquake and attempted to warn others, aid workers, tourism managers, and others. The frank, often emotional, responses provide unfiltered insight into their level of understanding of the tsunami phenomenon, the level of preparedness of local residents, and challenges faced by aid workers.

  18. Notes from the Field: Outbreak of Zika Virus Disease - American Samoa, 2016.

    PubMed

    Healy, Jessica M; Burgess, M Catherine; Chen, Tai-Ho; Hancock, W Thane; Toews, Karrie-Ann E; Anesi, Magele Scott; Tulafono, Ray T; Mataia, Mary Aseta; Sili, Benjamin; Solaita, Jacqueline; Whelen, A Christian; Sciulli, Rebecca; Gose, Remedios B; Uluiviti, Vasiti; Hennessey, Morgan; Utu, Fara; Nua, Motusa Tuileama; Fischer, Marc

    2016-10-21

    During December 2015-January 2016, the American Samoa Department of Health (ASDoH) detected through surveillance an increase in the number of cases of acute febrile rash illness. Concurrently, a case of laboratory-confirmed Zika virus infection, a mosquito-borne flavivirus infection documented to cause microcephaly and other severe brain defects in some infants born to women infected during pregnancy (1,2) was reported in a traveler returning to New Zealand from American Samoa. In the absence of local laboratory capacity to test for Zika virus, ASDoH initiated arboviral disease control measures, including public education and vector source reduction campaigns. On February 1, CDC staff members were deployed to American Samoa to assist ASDoH with testing and surveillance efforts.

  19. Western Samoa.

    PubMed

    1985-12-01

    This discussion of Western Samoa, which lies 2575 km northeast of Auckland, New Zealand, focuses on the following: geography; the people; history; government; political conditions; the economy; foreign relations; and relations the US. The population of Western Samoa, as of 1985, totals 163,000 with an annual growth rate of 0.9%. The infant mortality rate is 13/1000; life expectancy is 65 years. The main islands are formed ranges of extinct volcanoes. Volcanic activity last occurred in 1911. More than 2000 years age, waves of Polynesians migrated from Southeast Asia to the Samoan Islands. Samoans are the 2nd largest Polynesian group, after the Maoris of New Zealand, and speak a Polynesian dialect. Samoans have tended to retain their traditional ways despite exposure to European influence for more than 150 years. Most Samoans live within the traditional social system based on an extended family group, headed by a chief. Western Samoans are Christian. Education is free but not compulsory. In 1967, 95% of the children of primary school age attended school. From 1947 to 1961, a series of constitutional advances, assisted by visits from UN missions, brought Western Samoa from dependent status to self-government and finally to independence. The 1960 constitution is based on the British pattern of parliamentary democracy, modified to take Samoan customs into account. The present head of state holds his position for life. Future heads of state will be elected by the Legislative Assembly for 5-year terms. The Parliament consists of the Legislative Assembly and the head of state. The Supreme Court is the superior court of record and has full jurisdiction in civil, criminal, and constitutional matters. The "matai" of chief system still dominates the politics of Western Samoa, although several political parties have been formed and seem to be taking root. The "matai" system is a predominantly conservative force but does provide for change. Western Samoa is predominantly agricultural, and the village communities maintain an economy based on farming and fishing. Stagnating or declining agricultural production has resulted in an increasing dependence on imports. The islands have few resources and no deposits of commercially valuable minerals. Western Samoa suffers from a persistent current accounts deficit. The government's primary goal is to improve agricultural production. Western Samoa has particularly close relations with its Pacific island neighbors and New Zealand. The US has taken a special interest in Western Samoa's economic development.

  20. Damages in American Samoa due to the 29 September 2009 Samoa Islands Region Earthquake Tsunami

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Okumura, Y.; Takahashi, T.; Suzuki, S.

    2009-12-01

    A large earthquake of Mw 8.0 occurred in Samoa Islands Region in the early morning on 29 September 2009 (local time). A Large Tsunami generated by the earthquake hit Samoa, American Samoa, Tonga. Total 192 people were died or missing in these three countries (22 October 2009). The authors surveyed in Tutuila Island, American Samoa from 6 to 8 in October 2009 with the aim to find out damages in the disaster. In American Samoa, death and missing toll was 35. The main findings are as follows; first, human damages were little for tsunami run-up height of about 4 to 6 meters and tsunami arrival time of about 20 minutes. We can suppose that residents evacuated quickly after feeling shaking or something. Secondly, houses were severely damaged in some low elevation coastal villages such as Amanave, Leone, Pago Pago, Tula and so on. Third, a power plant and an airport, which are important infrastructures in relief and recovery phase, were also severely damaged. Inundation depth at the power plant was 2.31 meters. A blackout in the daytime lasted when we surveyed. On the other hand, the airport could use already at that time. But it was closed on the first day in the disaster because of a lot of disaster debris on the runway carried by tsunami. Inundation depth at the airport fence was measured in 0.7 to 0.8 meters. Other countries in the south-western Pacific region may have power plants or airports with similar risk, so it should be assessed against future tsunami disasters. Inundated thermal power plant in Pago Pago Debris on runway in Tafuna Airport (Provided by Mr. Chris Soti, DPA)

  1. Zika Travel Information

    MedlinePlus

    ... The Pacific Islands: Fiji , Papua New Guinea , Samoa , Solomon Islands , Tonga South America: Argentina , Bolivia , Brazil , Colombia , ... travel plans. Area Date of interruption American Samoa 4/13/2017 The Bahamas 2/2/2018 Cayman ...

  2. Educational television, enculturation, and acculturation: A study of change in American Samoa

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Baldauf, Richard B., Jr.

    1981-09-01

    Unlike many other Polynesian societies which acculturated rapidly after contact with Western cultures, Samoa remained remarkably resistant to cultural change. This stability seems to have occurred because Samoan society was able to redefine and incorporate into the fa'a Samoa, the Samoan way, those aspects of the Western contact culture which it found desirable or necessary to adopt. The transplanted American educational system was one of the few institutions which remained alien and apart from traditional Samoan culture. It was through this alien institution that television was introduced to American Samoa in 1964. This paper reviews the historical and cultural place of education in Samoan Society and examines the acculturative effects of educational television focusing on the period to 1973 when television was phased out as the central medium of educational instruction.

  3. The Samoa tsunami of 29 September 2009: Field survey in Samoa and preliminary modeling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Borrero, J. C.; Fritz, H. M.; Synolakis, C. E.; Weiss, R.; Okal, E. A.

    2010-05-01

    The Samoa tsunami of 29 September 2009 caused considerable damage and 146 deaths in the country of [ex-Western] Samoa, where the last comparable event took place in 1917. Following the event, an International Tsunami Survey Team was deployed and surveyed the inundation one week after the tsunami. Our results revealed higher values of run-up and inundation on the Southern shore of Upolu, where run-up reached 14.5 m at Lepa and 11.4 m at Lalomanu, this latter village being eradicated, with a death toll of 61. By contrast, the Northern shore was largely spared. A similar pattern was observed on the island of Savaii, but with lower run-up values, and only 2 deaths. The higher death toll in Samoa, as compared to American Samoa probably results from the combination of terrain morphology (wider coastal plains leading to longer evacuation distances), the absence of a signage project, and an unfortunate reliance on motor vehicles leading to entrapment of victims along roads often parallel to the beach. A number of numerical simulations were conducted using several models of the seismic source; they correctly predict a concentration of tsunami energy at the Southeastern corner of the island of Upolu, but also at its Southwestern end, where surveyed run-up did not exceed 5 m. All models correctly indicate that the northern coast, with the capital Apia, is spared by the tsunami, even though it had reportedly been emphasized during mitigation exercises prior to the event.

  4. Climate Change and Interacting Stressors: Implications for ...

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    EPA announced the release of the final document, Climate Change and Interacting Stressors: Implications for Coral Reef Management in American Samoa. This report provides a synthesis of information on the interactive effects of climate change and other stressors on the reefs of American Samoa as well as an assessment of potential management responses. This report provides the coral reef managers of American Samoa, as well as other coral reef managers in the Pacific region, with some management options to help enhance the capacity of local coral reefs to resist the negative effects of climate change. This report was designed to take advantage of diverse research and monitoring efforts that are ongoing in American Samoa to: analyze and compile the results of multiple research projects that focus on understanding climate-related stressors and their effects on coral reef ecosystem degradation and recovery; and assess implications for coral reef managment of the combined information, including possible response options.

  5. Patient and health care provider views of depressive symptoms and diabetes in American Samoa.

    PubMed

    Held, Rachel Forster; DePue, Judith; Rosen, Rochelle; Bereolos, Nicole; Nu'usolia, Ofeira; Tuitele, John; Goldstein, Michael; House, Meaghan; McGarvey, Stephen

    2010-10-01

    High Type 2 diabetes prevalence, associated with recent cultural changes in diet and physical activity, characterizes the U.S. territory of American Samoa. Comorbid diabetes and depression rates are high worldwide and contribute to negative diabetes outcomes; these rates have not been assessed in American Samoa. In this study, 6 focus groups were conducted with 39 American Samoan adults with diabetes; questions on perceptions of diabetes and depressive symptoms were included. Thirteen health care staff interviews were conducted to gain insight into diabetes care in American Samoa. Focus groups and health care staff interviews were translated, transcribed, and entered into NVivo 8 to facilitate analysis. Thematic analysis showed that diabetes patients saw depressive symptoms as directly contributing to high blood sugar. However, these symptoms were rarely mentioned spontaneously, and providers reported they seldom assess them in patients. Many patients and health care staff believed the best ways to respond to feelings of depression involved relaxing, leaving difficult situations, or eating. Staff also discussed cultural stigma associated with depression and the importance of establishing rapport before discussing it. Health care providers in American Samoa need training to increase their awareness of depressive symptoms' negative impact on diabetes management in patients who screen positive for depression. All providers must approach the subject in a supportive context after establishing rapport. This information will be used for cultural translation of a community health worker and primary care-coordinated intervention for adults with diabetes in American Samoa, with the goal of creating an effective and sustainable intervention. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved.

  6. Men's preferences for women's breast morphology in New Zealand, Samoa, and Papua New Guinea.

    PubMed

    Dixson, Barnaby J; Vasey, Paul L; Sagata, Katayo; Sibanda, Nokuthaba; Linklater, Wayne L; Dixson, Alan F

    2011-12-01

    Sexual selection via mate choice may have influenced the evolution of women's breast morphology. We conducted an image-based questionnaire quantifying and comparing the preferences of men from Papua New Guinea (PNG), Samoa, and New Zealand (NZ) for images of women's breast size, breast symmetry, areola size, and areolar pigmentation. Results showed that men from PNG preferred larger breasts to a greater extent than men from Samoa and NZ, providing some support for the hypothesis that men from subsistence living cultures have a greater preference for morphological cues indicative of caloric reserves. Symmetrical breasts were most attractive to men in each culture. However, preferences were highest among NZ men, followed by men from Samoa, and were lowest among men from PNG. These results did not support the hypothesis that people living in higher pathogen environments have a greater preference for traits indicative of pathogen resistance and developmental stability. Large areolae were preferred among men from PNG, and to a lesser extent in Samoa, while in NZ men preferred medium-sized areolae. Thus, men's preferences for women's areolar size appear to be highly culturally specific. Darkly pigmented areolae were most attractive to men from Samoa and PNG, whereas men from NZ preferred areolae with medium pigmentation. These findings suggest that areolar pigmentation indicative of sexual maturity is preferred by men rather than lighter pigmentation, which may signal that a woman is in the early years of reproductive maturity. This study highlights the importance of cross-cultural research when testing the role of morphological cues in mate choice.

  7. An Analysis of the Logistics Requisition Process

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-06-01

    California, Hawaii, Oregon and Washington • U. S. West Territories - American Samoa, Commonwealth of the Northern, Guam, Johnston Atoll , Marianas...U.S. Pacific Territories - Includes American Samoa (supported by FISC Norfolk), Atoll , Commonwealth of Northern Marianas Islands, Guam, Johnston

  8. 48 CFR 52.225-23 - Required Use of American Iron, Steel, and Manufactured Goods-Buy American Act-Construction...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands..., Mauritania, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon...

  9. 48 CFR 52.225-23 - Required Use of American Iron, Steel, and Manufactured Goods-Buy American Act-Construction...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Sudan..., Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands...

  10. Developing a culturally appropriate mental health care service for Samoa.

    PubMed

    Enoka, Matamua Iokapeta Sina; Tenari, Aliilelei; Sili, Tupou; Peteru, Latama; Tago, Pisaina; Blignault, Ilse

    2013-06-01

    Mental Health Care Services are part of the National Health Services for Samoa. Their function is to provide mental health care services to the population of Samoa, which numbers 180,000 people. However, like many other countries in the Pacific region, mental health is considered a low priority. The mental health budget allocation barely covers the operation of mental health care services. More broadly, there is a lack of political awareness about mental health care services and mental health rarely becomes an issue of deliberation in the political arena. This article outlines the recent development of mental health care services in Samoa, including the Mental Health Policy 2006 and Mental Health Act 2007. It tells the story of the successful integration of aiga (family) as an active partner in the provision of care, and the development of the Aiga model utilizing Samoan cultural values to promote culturally appropriate family-focused community mental health care for Samoa. Mental Health Care Services today encompass both clinical and family-focused community mental health care services. The work is largely nurse-led. Much has been achieved over the past 25 years. Increased recognition by government and increased resourcing are necessary to meet the future health care needs of the Samoan people. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

  11. 50 CFR 665.100 - American Samoa bottomfish fisheries. [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false American Samoa bottomfish fisheries. [Reserved] 665.100 Section 665.100 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (CONTINUED) FISHERIES IN THE WESTERN...

  12. 50 CFR 665.140 - American Samoa Crustacean Fisheries. [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false American Samoa Crustacean Fisheries. [Reserved] 665.140 Section 665.140 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (CONTINUED) FISHERIES IN THE WESTERN...

  13. 50 CFR 665.100 - American Samoa bottomfish fisheries. [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false American Samoa bottomfish fisheries. [Reserved] 665.100 Section 665.100 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (CONTINUED) FISHERIES IN THE WESTERN...

  14. 50 CFR 665.140 - American Samoa Crustacean Fisheries. [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false American Samoa Crustacean Fisheries. [Reserved] 665.140 Section 665.140 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (CONTINUED) FISHERIES IN THE WESTERN...

  15. Dietary patterns are associated with metabolic syndrome in adult Samoans.

    PubMed

    DiBello, Julia R; McGarvey, Stephen T; Kraft, Peter; Goldberg, Robert; Campos, Hannia; Quested, Christine; Laumoli, Tuiasina Salamo; Baylin, Ana

    2009-10-01

    The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has reached epidemic levels in the Samoan Islands. In this cross-sectional study conducted in 2002-2003, dietary patterns were described among American Samoan (n = 723) and Samoan (n = 785) adults (> or =18 y) to identify neo-traditional and modern eating patterns and to relate these patterns to the presence of metabolic syndrome using Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. The neo-traditional dietary pattern, similar across both polities, was characterized by high intake of local foods, including crab/lobster, coconut products, and taro, and low intake of processed foods, including potato chips and soda. The modern pattern, also similar across both polities, was characterized by high intake of processed foods such as rice, potato chips, cake, and pancakes and low intake of local foods. The neo-traditional dietary pattern was associated with significantly higher serum HDL-cholesterol in American Samoa (P-trend = 0.05) and a decrease in abdominal circumference in American Samoa and Samoa (P-trend = 0.004 and 0.01, respectively). An inverse association was found with metabolic syndrome, although it did not reach significance (P = 0.23 in American Samoa; P = 0.13 in Samoa). The modern pattern was significantly positively associated with metabolic syndrome in Samoa (prevalence ratio = 1.21 for the fifth compared with first quintile; 95% CI: 0.93.1.57; P-trend = 0.05) and with increased serum triglyceride levels in both polities (P < 0.05). Reduced intake of processed foods high in refined grains and adherence to a neo-traditional eating pattern characterized by plant-based fiber, seafood, and coconut products may help to prevent growth in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Samoan islands.

  16. 40 CFR 147.2751 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2751... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS American Samoa § 147.2751 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for American Samoa, including all Indian...

  17. 40 CFR 147.2751 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2751... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS American Samoa § 147.2751 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for American Samoa, including all Indian...

  18. 40 CFR 147.2751 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2751... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS American Samoa § 147.2751 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for American Samoa, including all Indian...

  19. 40 CFR 147.2751 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2751... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS American Samoa § 147.2751 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for American Samoa, including all Indian...

  20. 40 CFR 147.2751 - EPA-administered program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA-administered program. 147.2751... (CONTINUED) STATE, TRIBAL, AND EPA-ADMINISTERED UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS American Samoa § 147.2751 EPA-administered program. (a) Contents. The UIC program for American Samoa, including all Indian...

  1. Sediment deposition rate in the Falefa River basin, Upolu Island, Samoa.

    PubMed

    Terry, James P; Kostaschuk, Ray A; Garimella, Sitaram

    2006-01-01

    The (137)Cs method was employed to investigate the recent historical rate of sediment deposition on a lowland alluvial floodplain in the Falefa River basin, Upolu Island, Samoa. Caesium stratigraphy in the floodplain sediment profile was clearly defined, with a broad peak at 145-175 cm depth. The measured rate of vertical accretion over the last 40 years is 4.0+/-0.4 cm per year. This rate exceeds observations in humid environments elsewhere, but is similar to that recorded on other tropical Pacific Islands. Available flow data for the Vaisigano River in Samoa give a 'near-catastrophic' index value of 0.6 for flood variability. This is associated with the occurrence of tropical cyclones and storms in the Samoa area. Large floods therefore probably contribute to the high rate of floodplain sedimentation on Upolu Island. A small but growing body of evidence suggests that fluvial sedimentation rates on tropical Pacific islands are some of the highest in the world.

  2. 40 CFR 81.352 - American Samoa.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... standards Cannot be classified Better than national standards Whole State 1 X 1 EPA designation only... be classified Better than national standards Whole State 1 X 1 EPA designation only. American Samoa... primary standards Cannot be classified or better than national standards Whole State 1 X 1 EPA designation...

  3. Trash to Treasure: NREL's High-Solids Digester Converts Wastes to Biogas and Compost

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1994-04-01

    This article describes a pilot high-solids digester (HSD) plant for use in : American Samoa. The American Samoa is highly dependent on imported fuel. At : the same time, the local tuna canneries produce large amounts of waste : materials. The HSD pro...

  4. Notification: Oversight of Guam, American Samoa and Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Support Grants

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Project #OA-FY14-0035, March 11, 2014. The EPA OIG plans to begin preliminary research on the EPA's assistance agreements with the South Pacific Territories of Guam, American Samoa and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI).

  5. Indigenous agroforestry in American Samoa

    Treesearch

    Malala (Mike) Misa; Agnes M. Vargo

    1993-01-01

    Agroforestry exists in American Samoa as a system where indigenous trees and natural vegetation used for food, fuelwood, crafts and medicine are incorporated with traditional staple crops and livestock on a set piece of land, usually a mountainous slope. Most agroforests are taro-based (Colocasia esculenta). While nutritional, cultural, social,...

  6. Tourists’ Perceptions of the Free-Roaming Dog Population in Samoa

    PubMed Central

    Beckman, Magnus; Hill, Kate E.; Farnworth, Mark J.; Bolwell, Charlotte F.; Bridges, Janis; Acke, Els

    2014-01-01

    Simple Summary For travelers, the way in which people in other nations interact with animals may be different to that in their home nation. This research explores how the treatment of dogs impacted upon the holiday experiences of tourists visiting a developing island nation. In general, and where tourists encountered dogs, their treatment was perceived as less positive than in their home country and had a negative impact upon the holiday experience. Although it is important to recognize that the local population will have a different worldview, tourists felt that the dog population required more effective management and were most supportive of techniques that were non-lethal and humane. Abstract A study was undertaken to establish how visiting tourists to Samoa perceived free-roaming dogs (Canis familiaris) and their management, additionally some factors that influence their perceptions were assessed. Questionnaires were administered to 281 tourists across Samoa over 5 weeks. Free-roaming dogs were seen by 98.2% (n = 269/274) of respondents, with 64.9% (n = 137/211) reporting that their presence had a negative effect on overall holiday experience. Respondents staying in the Apia (capital city) area were more likely to consider dogs a problem (p < 0.0001), and there was a significant association between whether the respondent owned a dog and if they thought dogs were a nuisance in Samoa (p < 0.003). Forty-four percent (20/89) of non-dog owners agreed that dogs were a nuisance compared to 22% (80/182) of dog owners. The majority felt that dogs required better control and management in Samoa (81%, n = 222) and that there were too many “stray” dogs (67.9%, n = 188). More respondents were negatively affected by the dogs’ presence (64.9%, 137/211), and felt that the dogs made their holiday worse, than respondents that felt the dogs’ presence improved their holiday experience (35.1%, 74/211). Most respondents stated that the dogs had a low impact (one to three; 68%, 187/275) on their stay in Samoa, whilst 24% (65/275) and 8% (23/275) stated they had a medium or high impact, respectively, on their stay. Respondents showed strong support for humane population management. Free-roaming dogs present a complex problem for Samoa and for its tourism industry in particular. The findings of this study further support the need for more discussion and action about the provision of veterinary services and population management for dogs in Samoa. It also provides information complementing an earlier study of the attitudes of local Samoans. PMID:26479002

  7. Trip report: pilot studies of factors linking watershed function and coastal ecosystem health in American Samoa

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Atkinson, Carter T.; Medeiros, Arthur C.

    2010-01-01

    Coral reef resources in the territory of American Samoa face significant problems from overfishing, non-point source pollution, global warming, and continuing population growth and development. The islands are still relatively isolated relative to other parts of the Pacific and have managed to avoid some of the more devastating invasive species that have reached other archipelagoes. As a result, there are opportunities for collaborative and integrative research and monitoring programs to help restore and maintain biodiversity and functioning natural ecosystem in the archipelago. We found that the 'Ridge to Reef' paradigm already exists in American Samoa, with a high degree of interagency cooperation and efficient use of limited resources already taking place in the Territory. USGS may be able to make contributions as a partner organization in the Coral Reef Advisory Group (CRAG) through deployment of sediment monitoring instrumentation to supplement stream monitoring by the American Samoa Environmental Protection Agency, by providing high resolution vegetation and land-use maps of main islands, by providing additional support to the American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources and the National Park Service for monitoring of invasive species, by working with members of CRAG to initiate sediment transport studies on Samoan reefs, and by developing new projects on the effects of bacterial contamination and pollutants on coral reef physiology and demography.

  8. 50 CFR 665.121 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Definitions. As used in §§ 665.120 through 665.139: American Samoa coral reef ecosystem management unit species (American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS) means all of the Currently Harvested Coral Reef Taxa and Potentially Harvested Coral Reef Taxa listed in this section and which spend the majority of their non-pelagic...

  9. 50 CFR 665.121 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Definitions. As used in §§ 665.120 through 665.139: American Samoa coral reef ecosystem management unit species (American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS) means all of the Currently Harvested Coral Reef Taxa and Potentially Harvested Coral Reef Taxa listed in this section and which spend the majority of their non-pelagic...

  10. The Coral Reef Alphabet Book for American Samoa.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Madrigal, Larry G.

    This book, produced for the American Samoa Department of Education Marine Enhancement Program, presents underwater color photography of coral reef life in an alphabetical resource. The specimens are described in English, and some are translated into the Samoan language. A picture-matching learning exercise and a glossary of scientific and oceanic…

  11. Climate Change and Interacting Stressors: Implications for Coral Reef Management in American Samoa (Final Report)

    EPA Science Inventory

    EPA announced the release of the final document, Climate Change and Interacting Stressors: Implications for Coral Reef Management in American Samoa. This report provides a synthesis of information on the interactive effects of climate change and other stressors on the reef...

  12. 1978 American Samoa Annual Report to the Secretary of the Department of the Interior.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    American Samoa Office of Samoan Information, Pago Pago.

    Submitted by American Samoa's first elected administration, this report presents tabular data and narrative descriptions of government activities in fiscal year 1978. The report covers the broad areas of legislative and judicial activity, government administrative functions, education, health services, transportation, economic development, public…

  13. American Samoa's forest resources, 2001.

    Treesearch

    Joseph A. Donnegan; Sheri S. Mann; Sarah L. Butler; Bruce A. Hiserote

    2004-01-01

    The Forest Inventory and Analysis Program of the Pacific Northwest Research Station collected, analyzed, and summarized data from field plots, and mapped land cover on four islands in American Samoa. This statistical sample provides estimates of forest area, stem volume, biomass, numbers of trees, damages to trees, and tree size distribution. The summary provides...

  14. 50 CFR 665.161 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Definitions. As used in §§ 665.160 through 665.169: American Samoa precious coral management unit species (American Samoa precious coral MUS) means any coral of the genus Corallium in addition to the following species of corals: Local name English common name Scientific name Amu piniki-mumu Pink coral (also known...

  15. 50 CFR 665.161 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Definitions. As used in §§ 665.160 through 665.169: American Samoa precious coral management unit species (American Samoa precious coral MUS) means any coral of the genus Corallium in addition to the following species of corals: Local name English common name Scientific name Amu piniki-mumu Pink coral (also known...

  16. 50 CFR 665.161 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Definitions. As used in §§ 665.160 through 665.169: American Samoa precious coral management unit species (American Samoa precious coral MUS) means any coral of the genus Corallium in addition to the following species of corals: Local name Englishcommon name Scientific name Amu piniki-mumu Pink coral (also known as...

  17. 50 CFR 665.161 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Definitions. As used in §§ 665.160 through 665.169: American Samoa precious coral management unit species (American Samoa precious coral MUS) means any coral of the genus Corallium in addition to the following species of corals: Local name Englishcommon name Scientific name Amu piniki-mumu Pink coral (also known as...

  18. 50 CFR 665.161 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Definitions. As used in §§ 665.160 through 665.169: American Samoa precious coral management unit species (American Samoa precious coral MUS) means any coral of the genus Corallium in addition to the following species of corals: Local name Englishcommon name Scientific name Amu piniki-mumu Pink coral (also known as...

  19. People of Samoa: Building Bridges of Understanding.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT. Language Research Center.

    The purpose of this communication learning aid is to help Americans become more effective in understanding and communicating with people of another culture. This publication discusses some differences encountered in Samoa in such things as food, laws, customs, religion, language, dress and basic attitudes. It is designed to prepare the traveller…

  20. 50 CFR 665.127 - Allowable gear and gear restrictions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Fisheries § 665.127 Allowable gear and gear restrictions. (a) American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS may be.../submersibles. (b) American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS may not be taken by means of poisons, explosives, or... established to be fishing for coral reef ecosystem MUS in the management area is prohibited. (c) Existing FEP...

  1. 50 CFR 665.127 - Allowable gear and gear restrictions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Fisheries § 665.127 Allowable gear and gear restrictions. (a) American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS may be.../submersibles. (b) American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS may not be taken by means of poisons, explosives, or... established to be fishing for coral reef ecosystem MUS in the management area is prohibited. (c) Existing FEP...

  2. 50 CFR 665.127 - Allowable gear and gear restrictions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Fisheries § 665.127 Allowable gear and gear restrictions. (a) American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS may be.../submersibles. (b) American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS may not be taken by means of poisons, explosives, or... established to be fishing for coral reef ecosystem MUS in the management area is prohibited. (c) Existing FEP...

  3. 50 CFR 665.127 - Allowable gear and gear restrictions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Fisheries § 665.127 Allowable gear and gear restrictions. (a) American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS may be.../submersibles. (b) American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS may not be taken by means of poisons, explosives, or... established to be fishing for coral reef ecosystem MUS in the management area is prohibited. (c) Existing FEP...

  4. 50 CFR 665.127 - Allowable gear and gear restrictions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Fisheries § 665.127 Allowable gear and gear restrictions. (a) American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS may be.../submersibles. (b) American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS may not be taken by means of poisons, explosives, or... established to be fishing for coral reef ecosystem MUS in the management area is prohibited. (c) Existing FEP...

  5. Gagana Samoa Mo Pisikoa. Peace Corps Samoan Language Handbook.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kaslano, Auimatagi S., Comp.

    This manual is designed for the language training of Peace Corps volunteers serving in Samoa, and focuses on daily communication skills needed in that context. It consists of 48 lessons, which include targeted competencies, phrase and vocabulary lists, cultural and usage notes, notes on grammar, and exercises. Lesson topics include: the Samoan…

  6. A resolution expressing support for the victims of the natural disasters in Indonesia, Samoa, American Samoa, Tonga, Vietnam, Cambodia, and the Philippines.

    THOMAS, 111th Congress

    Sen. Feinstein, Dianne [D-CA

    2009-10-06

    Senate - 10/06/2009 Submitted in the Senate, considered, and agreed to without amendment and with a preamble by Unanimous Consent. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Agreed to in SenateHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  7. 76 FR 2915 - Identification of Foreign Countries Whose Nationals Are Eligible To Participate in the H-2A and H...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-18

    .... This determination is made taking into account the four factors identified above. The Secretary of... Guinea, Samoa, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu as countries whose nationals are... Samoa Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa South Korea Tonga Turkey Tuvalu Ukraine...

  8. 19 CFR 7.2 - Insular possessions of the United States other than Puerto Rico.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... possessions are the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, Wake Island, Midway Islands, and Johnston Atoll...) Importations into Guam, American Samoa, Wake Island, Midway Islands, Johnston Atoll, and the Commonwealth of... no customs authority on Johnston Atoll, which is under the operational control of the Defense Nuclear...

  9. 19 CFR 7.2 - Insular possessions of the United States other than Puerto Rico.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... possessions are the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, Wake Island, Midway Islands, and Johnston Atoll...) Importations into Guam, American Samoa, Wake Island, Midway Islands, Johnston Atoll, and the Commonwealth of... no customs authority on Johnston Atoll, which is under the operational control of the Defense Nuclear...

  10. 19 CFR 7.2 - Insular possessions of the United States other than Puerto Rico.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... possessions are the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, Wake Island, Midway Islands, and Johnston Atoll...) Importations into Guam, American Samoa, Wake Island, Midway Islands, Johnston Atoll, and the Commonwealth of... no customs authority on Johnston Atoll, which is under the operational control of the Defense Nuclear...

  11. 19 CFR 7.2 - Insular possessions of the United States other than Puerto Rico.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... possessions are the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, Wake Island, Midway Islands, and Johnston Atoll...) Importations into Guam, American Samoa, Wake Island, Midway Islands, Johnston Atoll, and the Commonwealth of... no customs authority on Johnston Atoll, which is under the operational control of the Defense Nuclear...

  12. 19 CFR 7.2 - Insular possessions of the United States other than Puerto Rico.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... possessions are the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, Wake Island, Midway Islands, and Johnston Atoll...) Importations into Guam, American Samoa, Wake Island, Midway Islands, Johnston Atoll, and the Commonwealth of... no customs authority on Johnston Atoll, which is under the operational control of the Defense Nuclear...

  13. Annual Evaluation of Vocational-Technical Education in American Samoa. 1975.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    American Samoa Advisory Council on Vocational Education, Pago Pago.

    Activities of the American Samoa Advisory Council on Vocational Education upon which the annual report is based include observations, participation in conferences and workshops on education and training, review of reports from educational and manpower agencies, results of special studies, and review of the State plan for vocational education. The…

  14. 76 FR 10006 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Economic Surveys of American Samoa, Guam, and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-23

    ... Collection; Comment Request; Economic Surveys of American Samoa, Guam, and the Commonwealth of the Northern... economic data collected will allow quantitative assessment of the fisheries sector's social and economic... already being collected in this fishery as part of its creel survey program.\\1\\ Participation in the...

  15. 50 CFR 665.816 - American Samoa longline limited entry program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., retailer or wholesaler, an American Samoa tax record, an individual wage record, ownership title, vessel registration, or other official documents showing: (i) Ownership of a vessel that was used to fish in the EEZ... issue a request to PIRO to obtain such records from the appropriate agencies, if available. The...

  16. 50 CFR 665.817 - American Samoa pelagic fishery area management.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false American Samoa pelagic fishery area management. 665.817 Section 665.817 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (CONTINUED) FISHERIES IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC Western Pacific Pelagic Fisheries § 665.81...

  17. Trade and health in Samoa: views from the insiders

    PubMed Central

    2014-01-01

    Background The purpose of this paper is to portray the views of key stakeholders on the potential impacts of Samoa’s free trade negotiations and agreements, on health and wellbeing in Samoa. Methods A series of key informant interviews were undertaken with identified stakeholders during June and July, 2011. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview protocol. They were conducted in–person, in New Zealand and in Samoa. Results Despite potential health and wellbeing gains arising from trade activities (employment, increase in income, health innovations and empowerment of women), key stakeholders expressed a growing concern about the effect of trade on the population’s health, nutrition and the rates of non-communicable diseases. Unease about compromising the national policies due to international regulations was also conveyed. Business and trade representatives however, believed that trade benefits outweighed any health and wellbeing risks to the population of Samoa. Conclusion Further investigation, using new methodologies are required to determine both the opportunities and threats for trade as a mechanism to improve the health of Samoa’s population. PMID:24708596

  18. Art and mental health in Samoa.

    PubMed

    Ryan, Brigid; Goding, Margaret; Fenner, Patricia; Percival, Steven; Percival, Wendy; Latai, Leua; Petaia, Lisi; Pulotu-Endemann, Fuimaono Karl; Parkin, Ian; Tuitama, George; Ng, Chee

    2015-12-01

    To pilot an art and mental health project with Samoan and Australian stakeholders. The aim of this project was to provide a voice through the medium of art for people experiencing mental illness, and to improve the public understanding in Samoa of mental illness and trauma. Over 12 months, a series of innovative workshops were held with Samoan and Australian stakeholders, followed by an art exhibition. These workshops developed strategies to support the promotion and understanding of mental health in Samoa. Key stakeholders from both art making and mental health services were engaged in activities to explore the possibility of collaboration in the Apia community. The project was able to identify the existing resources and community support for the arts and mental health projects, to design a series of activities aimed to promote and maintain health in the community, and to pilot these programs with five key organizations. This project demonstrates the potential for art and mental health projects to contribute to both improving mental health and to lowering the personal and social costs of mental ill health for communities in Samoa. © The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists 2015.

  19. Field Observations Of The 29 September Tsunami In American Samoa: Spatial Variability And Indications Of Strong Return Flow

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jaffe, B. E.; Richmond, B. M.; Gelfenbaum, G. R.; Watt, S.; Apotsos, A. A.; Buckley, M. L.; Dudley, W. C.; Peck, B.

    2009-12-01

    The 29 September 2009 tsunami caused 181 fatalities and displaced more than 5000 people on the islands of Samoa, American Samoa, and Tonga. This is the first tsunami to cause significant damage and fatalities on U.S. soil in more than 30 years. Scientists from around the world quickly mobilized to help document the tsunami water levels before this ephemeral data was forever lost as recovery activities and natural processes overtook the effected area. A USGS team collected data in American Samoa from October 6-22 and November 5-12, 2009. The tsunami was large, reaching elevations of greater than 15 m, however wave heights and devastation varied from village to village in American Samoa. Even within villages, some structures were completely destroyed, some flooded and left standing, and others barely touched. Wave heights, flow depths, runup heights, inundation distances, and flow directions were collected for use in ground-truthing inundation models. The team also collected nearshore bathymetry, topography and reef flat elevation, sediment samples, and documented the distribution and characteristics of both sand and boulder deposits. Eyewitness accounts of the tsunami were also videotaped. One striking aspect of this tsunami was the abundance of indicators of strong return flow. For example at Poloa in the northwest of Tutuila, where the runup was greater than 11 m along a 300-m stretch of coast and flow depths exceeded 4 m, the coral reef flat was strewn with debris including chairs, desks, and books from a school. On land, River channels were excavated and new channels formed as return flow scoured sediment and transported it offshore. Possible causes for the strong return flow and the relation between the stength of the return flow, inundation distance, and runup in American Samoa are presented. These relationships and others based on data collected by field survey teams will ultimately reduce loss of life and destruction from tsunamis in the Pacific and elsewhere.

  20. Survivor Interviews from the Sept. 29, 2009 tsunami on Samoa and American Samoa

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Richmond, B. M.; Dudley, W. C.; Buckley, M. L.; Jaffe, B. E.; Fanolua, S.; Chan Kau, M.

    2009-12-01

    Thirty-one video interviews were carried out on the islands of Tutuila, American Samoa and Upolu, Samoa with survivors of, and responders to, the September 29, 2009 tsunami event. Those interviewed included local residents caught by the waves while attempting to flee to higher ground, those who intentionally ran into the water to save others, individuals who recognized the potential tsunami hazard due to the severity of the earthquake and attempted to warn others, first-responders, aid workers, tourism managers, and others. The frank, often emotional, responses provide unfiltered insight into the level of preparedness of local residents, level of training of first responders, and challenges faced by aid workers. Among the important observations voiced by interviewees were: (1) recent tsunami education briefings and school drills were critical in preventing greater loss of life; (2) those who had not received training about the tsunami hazard were unaware that a tsunami could follow a strong earthquake; (3) first responders were not adequately trained or prepared for the specific impacts of a tsunami; (4) initial medical procedures did not adequately address the levels of bacterial contamination; and (5) survivors, first responders and aid workers suffer from post traumatic stress disorder as a result of the event and its aftermath. Valuable scientific data can also be gained from first-hand accounts. Several interviews describe waves “bending,” “funneling,” and one spoke of the waves coming together as a “monster that jumped up from the channel spitting boulders.” In the village of Fagasa on the north coast of Tutuila, American Samoa, the assumed transport direction of large boulders by scientists was dramatically revised based on first-hand accounts of the original position of the boulders. The single most common message was that hazard education played a key role in saving lives in both Samoa and American Samoa. It is critically important to understand the reaction and response of individuals from different cultures to tsunami events in order to better design mitigation, education, response and recovery programs that best fit local communities. It is hoped that the analysis of these and other post-tsunami interviews will be used in that effort. Interviews were carried out in high-definition (1080i) video so as to capture the emotional impact of first-person, eye-witness accounts. Interviews will be translated in Samoa and English and transcribed with video time-code thus making them suitable for quality media production for use in local, regional, and international tsunami education programs. Additional observations gleaned from the interviews, as well as preliminary analysis based on specific location and demographic will also be presented.

  1. 77 FR 23654 - Western Pacific Pelagic Fisheries; Modification of American Samoa Large Vessel Prohibited Area

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-20

    ... certain boundaries of the large fishing vessel prohibited area around Tutuila, the Manua Islands, and Rose Atoll in American Samoa to align with the boundaries of the Rose Atoll Marine National Monument. The... around Tutuila, the Manua Islands, and Rose Atoll (67 FR 4369, January 30, 2002). The two areas prohibit...

  2. Lost in Translation: Transcending the Boundaries of Critical Literacy in American Samoa

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wellington, Yuriko C.

    2006-01-01

    This article describes how four Samoan teachers used critical literacy in their classrooms after they first encountered the idea in a children's literature course that the author taught over a five-week period in Samoa in 2005. The author explores the impact of multicultural pedagogical methods on teacher professional development and in-service…

  3. Recovery of native forest after removal of an invasive tree, Falcataria moluccana, in American Samoa

    Treesearch

    R. Flint Hughes; Amanda L. Uowolo; Tavita P. Togia

    2012-01-01

    Invasive species are among the greatest threats to global biodiversity. Unfortunately, meaningful control of invasive species is often difficult. Here, we present results concerning the effects of invasion by a non-native, N2-fixing tree, Falcataria moluccana, on native-dominated forests of American Samoa and the response of...

  4. Retention and Attrition of Pacific School Teachers and Administrators (RAPSTA) Study: American Samoa. Research Series.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Research and Development Cadre, Honolulu, HI.

    Pacific Resources for Education and Learning (PREL) works with 10 American-affiliated Pacific entities: American Samoa, the Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, Yap), Guam, Hawaii, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. This survey raises awareness of the…

  5. Samoa's Education Policy: Negotiating a Hybrid Space for Values

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Tuia, Tagataese Tupu; Iyer, Radha

    2015-01-01

    This paper analyses the education policy of Samoa to examine the values that are presented within as relevant to the education system. Drawing on the theory of postcolonialism and globalization, we illustrate how the global and local interact within the education policy to create a hybrid, heterogeneous mix of values and, while the policy…

  6. 20 CFR 404.1022 - American Samoa, Guam, or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Employment, Wages, Self-Employment, and Self-Employment Income Work Excluded from Employment § 404.1022 American Samoa, Guam, or the... for a private employer is covered as employment the same as in the 50 States. Work done by a resident...

  7. 20 CFR 404.1022 - American Samoa, Guam, or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Employment, Wages, Self-Employment, and Self-Employment Income Work Excluded from Employment § 404.1022 American Samoa, Guam, or the... for a private employer is covered as employment the same as in the 50 States. Work done by a resident...

  8. 20 CFR 404.1022 - American Samoa, Guam, or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Employment, Wages, Self-Employment, and Self-Employment Income Work Excluded from Employment § 404.1022 American Samoa, Guam, or the... for a private employer is covered as employment the same as in the 50 States. Work done by a resident...

  9. 20 CFR 404.1022 - American Samoa, Guam, or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Employment, Wages, Self-Employment, and Self-Employment Income Work Excluded from Employment § 404.1022 American Samoa, Guam, or the... for a private employer is covered as employment the same as in the 50 States. Work done by a resident...

  10. Upland forests of the American/Pacific Islands: research opportunities in Micronesia and American Samoa

    Treesearch

    Dean S. DeBell; Craig D. Whitesell

    1993-01-01

    Upland forests of Micronesia and American Samoa can provide many social, ecological, and esthetic benefits for island inhabitants. Substantial upland areas (the majority of acreage on some islands) are now occupied by secondary and grassland/savanna vegetation; such areas represent opportunities for restoration, with both native forest cover and plantations of...

  11. 77 FR 34260 - Western Pacific Pelagic Fisheries; Modification of American Samoa Large Vessel Prohibited Area

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-11

    ... large fishing vessel prohibited area around Tutuila, the Manua Islands, and Rose Atoll in American Samoa to align with the boundaries of the Rose Atoll Marine National Monument. This rule simplifies... Island and one around Tutuila, the Manua Islands, and Rose Atoll (67 FR 4369, January 30, 2002). In 2009...

  12. A Culturally Responsive, Transnational Middle Grades Teacher Education Program in American Samoa

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Zuercher, Deborah K.; Yoshioka, Jon; Deering, Paul D.; Martin, Katie; Curry, Kezia; O'Neill, Tara; Apisa, Sheila W.

    2012-01-01

    Since 1979, the American Samoa Department of Education and the University of Hawai'i have partnered to provide education and training for American Samoan teachers. Beginning in 2009, these efforts have focused on teachers in the middle grades. This article describes the context, program structure, and implementation of a graduate degree program in…

  13. Cultural Translation of Interventions: Diabetes Care in American Samoa

    PubMed Central

    Rosen, Rochelle K.; Batts-Turner, Marian; Bereolos, Nicole; House, Meaghan; Held, Rachel Forster; Nu'usolia, Ofeira; Tuitele, John; Goldstein, Michael G.; McGarvey, Stephen T.

    2010-01-01

    Translation of research advances into clinical practice for at-risk communities is important to eliminate disease disparities. Adult type 2 diabetes prevalence in the US territory of American Samoa is 21.5%, but little intervention research has been carried out there. We discuss our experience with cultural translation, drawing on an emerging implementation science, which aims to build a knowledge base on adapting interventions to real-world settings. We offer examples from our behavioral intervention study, Diabetes Care in American Samoa, which was adapted from Project Sugar 2, a nurse and community health worker intervention to support diabetes self-management among urban African Americans. The challenges we experienced and solutions we used may inform adaptations of interventions in other settings. PMID:20864729

  14. Supply chain and marketing of sea grapes, Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskål) J. Agardh (Chlorophyta: Caulerpaceae) in Fiji, Samoa and Tonga.

    PubMed

    Morris, C; Bala, S; South, G R; Lako, J; Lober, M; Simos, T

    2014-01-01

    This report describes for the first time the supply chain of Caulerpa racemosa in three Pacific Island countries. The harvesting and marketing of C. racemosa are important subsistence activities for villagers in Fiji and Samoa, less so in Tonga. At least 150 harvesters are involved in Fiji, some 100 in Samoa and only a handful in Tonga. The annual combined crop is of some 123 t valued at around US$266,492. In Fiji, it is projected that supply does not meet local demand and there is a potential export market that is currently operating at a pilot project level. In Samoa, the supply is considered adequate for the current market. In Tonga, harvesting is carried out by a few families and supplies a niche market in that country. The possibilities of field cultivation of Caulerpa have been explored but, at present, with only limited success in Samoa. The supply chain is simple in all three countries, and only in Fiji are middlemen involved in the distribution process. The limitations for marketing include the fact that only a few sites supply most of the crop in all the three countries, that all sites need to be conserved through sustainable harvesting methods, the short shelf life of the crop and a lack of information on the carrying capacity of harvest sites. Caulerpa remains a crop that fulfils a niche market but has the potential to be scaled up for additional livelihood development in the future.

  15. 26 CFR 1.876-1 - Alien residents of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, or the Northern Mariana Islands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Alien residents of Puerto Rico, Guam, American... Foreign Corporations § 1.876-1 Alien residents of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, or the Northern... a bona fide resident of Puerto Rico or of a section 931 possession during the entire taxable year...

  16. A look at the forests of American Samoa

    Treesearch

    Robert E. Nelson

    1964-01-01

    Management for timber crops is feasible on about 12,000 acres of forest land in American Samoa. Another 10,000 acres of forest land are on such steep topography that management for protection of watershed values should be paramount . Excluding such critical watersheds the forests hold 50 million board feet or more of sawtimber in a great variety of tree species. Some...

  17. 40 CFR 80.382 - What requirements apply to gasoline for use in American Samoa, Guam and the Commonwealth of the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What requirements apply to gasoline...) REGULATION OF FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES Gasoline Sulfur Exemptions § 80.382 What requirements apply to gasoline for use in American Samoa, Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands? The gasoline...

  18. [West and South West Pacific Ocean Islands: General Information and a Bibliography of English-Language Resources.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sperry, Robert

    This collection of 10 bibliographies covers islands located in the west and southwest region of the Pacific Ocean. The islands include American Samoa, Fiji, Guam, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Pohnpei, Tonga, Truk, Nauru and the New Hebrides (Vanuatu). All the bibliographies focus on education, and all except two (American Samoa and Fiji)…

  19. An Examination of Resource Allocation Strategies and Finance Adequacy: Case Studies of American Samoa Department of Education Secondary Schools

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nikolao-Mutini, Akenese Epifania

    2012-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to analyze American Samoa Department of Education (ASDE) and collect allocation of resources data and determine how the resources are used to increase student performance among a purposeful sample of three public high schools with similar demographics, challenges, fiscal constraints and funding sources located in the…

  20. Male sexual orientation in independent samoa: evidence for fraternal birth order and maternal fecundity effects.

    PubMed

    VanderLaan, Doug P; Vasey, Paul L

    2011-06-01

    In Western cultures, male androphiles tend to have greater numbers of older brothers than male gynephiles (i.e., the fraternal birth order effect). In the non-Western nation of Independent Samoa, androphilic males (known locally as fa'afafine) have been shown to have greater numbers of older brothers, older sisters, and younger brothers (Vasey & VanderLaan, 2007). It is unclear, however, whether the observed older brother effect, in the context of the additional sibling category effects, represented a genuine fraternal birth order effect or was simply associated with elevated maternal fecundity. To differentiate between these two possibilities, this study employed a larger, independent replication sample of fa'afafine and gynephilic males from Independent Samoa. Fa'afafine had greater numbers of older brothers and sisters. The replication sample and the sample from Vasey and VanderLaan were then combined, facilitating a comparison that showed the older brother effect was significantly greater in magnitude than the older sister effect. These results suggest that fraternal birth order and maternal fecundity effects both exist in Samoa. The existence of these effects cross-culturally is discussed in the context of biological theories for the development of male androphilia.

  1. 26 CFR 1.876-1 - Alien residents of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, or the Northern Mariana Islands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Alien residents of Puerto Rico, Guam, American...) Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Corporations § 1.876-1 Alien residents of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, or... individual who is a bona fide resident of Puerto Rico or of a section 931 possession during the entire...

  2. 26 CFR 1.876-1 - Alien residents of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, or the Northern Mariana Islands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Alien residents of Puerto Rico, Guam, American...) Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Corporations § 1.876-1 Alien residents of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, or... individual who is a bona fide resident of Puerto Rico or of a section 931 possession during the entire...

  3. 42 CFR 407.43 - Buy-in groups available to Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, and American Samoa.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Buy-in groups available to Puerto Rico, Guam, the...) ENROLLMENT AND ENTITLEMENT State Buy-In Agreements § 407.43 Buy-in groups available to Puerto Rico, Guam, the... available to Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, and American Samoa, which are not covered by the SSI...

  4. 26 CFR 1.876-1 - Alien residents of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, or the Northern Mariana Islands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Alien residents of Puerto Rico, Guam, American...) Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Corporations § 1.876-1 Alien residents of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, or... individual who is a bona fide resident of Puerto Rico or of a section 931 possession during the entire...

  5. 42 CFR 407.43 - Buy-in groups available to Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, and American Samoa.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Buy-in groups available to Puerto Rico, Guam, the...) ENROLLMENT AND ENTITLEMENT State Buy-In Agreements § 407.43 Buy-in groups available to Puerto Rico, Guam, the... available to Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, and American Samoa, which are not covered by the SSI...

  6. 42 CFR 407.43 - Buy-in groups available to Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, and American Samoa.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Buy-in groups available to Puerto Rico, Guam, the...) ENROLLMENT AND ENTITLEMENT State Buy-In Agreements § 407.43 Buy-in groups available to Puerto Rico, Guam, the... available to Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, and American Samoa, which are not covered by the SSI...

  7. 26 CFR 1.876-1 - Alien residents of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, or the Northern Mariana Islands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 9 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Alien residents of Puerto Rico, Guam, American...) Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Corporations § 1.876-1 Alien residents of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, or... individual who is a bona fide resident of Puerto Rico or of a section 931 possession during the entire...

  8. 42 CFR 407.43 - Buy-in groups available to Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, and American Samoa.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Buy-in groups available to Puerto Rico, Guam, the...) ENROLLMENT AND ENTITLEMENT State Buy-In Agreements § 407.43 Buy-in groups available to Puerto Rico, Guam, the... available to Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, and American Samoa, which are not covered by the SSI...

  9. 26 CFR 1.1441-1 - Requirement for the deduction and withholding of tax on payments to foreign persons.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ...)(3)(ii) or (iii) of this section (or has provided documentary evidence described in paragraph (b)(3... Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa as determined under § 301.7701(b)-1(d... Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa, is not treated as a foreign...

  10. Energy Transition Initiative: Island Energy Snapshot - American Samoa; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    None

    2015-06-01

    This profile provides a snapshot of the energy landscape of American Samoa, the southernmost territory of the United States. American Samoa’s residential electricity rates are approximately $0.29 U.S. dollars (USD) per kilowatt-hour (kWh), more than twice the average U.S. residential rate of $0.13 USD/kWh.

  11. Generation of the September 29, 2009 Samoa Tsunami: Examination of a Possible Non-Double Couple Component (Invited)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Geist, E. L.; Kirby, S. H.; Ross, S.; Dartnell, P.

    2009-12-01

    A non-double couple component associated with the Mw=8.0 September 29, 2009 Samoa earthquake is investigated to explain direct tsunami arrivals at deep-ocean pressure sensors (i.e., DART stations). In particular, we seek a tsunami generation model that correctly predicts the polarity of first motions: negative at the Apia station (#51425) NW of the epicenter and positive at the Tonga (#51426) and Aukland (#54401) stations south of the epicenter. Slip on a single, finite fault corresponding to either nodal plane of the best-fitting double couple fails to predict the positive first-motion polarity observed at the southerly (Tonga and Aukland) DART stations. The Samoa earthquake has a significant non-double component as measured by the compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD) ratio that ranges from |ɛ|=0.15 (USGS CMT) to |ɛ| =0.37 (Global CMT). To test what effect the non-double component has on tsunami generation, the static elastic displacement field at the sea floor is computed from the full moment tensor. This displacement field represents the initial conditions for tsunami propagation computed using a finite-difference approximation to the linear shallow-water wave equations. The tsunami waveforms calculated from the full moment tensor are consistent with the observed polarities at all of the DART stations. The static displacement field is then decomposed into double-couple and non-double couple components to determine the relative contribution of each to the tsunami wavefield. Although a point-source approximation to the tsunami source is typically inadequate at near-field and regional distances, finite-fault inversions of the 2009 Samoa earthquake indicate that peak slip is spatially concentrated near the hypocenter, suggesting that the point-source representation may be acceptable in this case. Generation of the 2009 Samoa tsunami may involve earthquake rupture on multiple faults and/or along curved faults, both of which are observed from multibeam bathymetry in the epicentral region. The exact rupture path of the earthquake is presently unclear. It is evident from seismological and tsunami observations of the 2009 Samoa event, however, that uniform slip on a single, planar fault cannot explain all aspects of the observed tsunami wavefield.

  12. Impacts of tropical cyclones on Fiji and Samoa

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kuleshov, Yuriy; Prakash, Bipendra; Atalifo, Terry; Waqaicelua, Alipate; Seuseu, Sunny; Ausetalia Titimaea, Mulipola

    2013-04-01

    Weather and climate hazards have significant impacts on Pacific Island Countries. Costs of hazards such as tropical cyclones can be astronomical making enormous negative economic impacts on developing countries. We highlight examples of extreme weather events which have occurred in Fiji and Samoa in the last few decades and have caused major economic and social disruption in the countries. Destructive winds and torrential rain associated with tropical cyclones can bring the most damaging weather conditions to the region causing economic and social hardship, affecting agricultural productivity, infrastructure and economic development which can persist for many years after the initial impact. Analysing historical data, we describe the impacts of tropical cyclones Bebe and Kina on Fiji. Cyclone Bebe (October 1972) affected the whole Fiji especially the Yasawa Islands, Viti Levu and Kadavu where hurricane force winds have been recorded. Nineteen deaths were reported and damage costs caused by cyclone Bebe were estimated as exceeding F20 million (F 1972). Tropical cyclone Kina passed between Fiji's two main islands of Viti Levu and Vanua Levu, and directly over Levuka on the night of 2 January 1993 with hurricane force winds causing extensive damage. Twenty three deaths have been reported making Kina one of the deadliest hurricanes in Fiji's recent history. Severe flooding on Viti Levu, combined with high tide and heavy seas led to destruction of the Sigatoka and Ba bridges, as well as almost complete loss of crops in Sigatoka and Navua deltas. Overall, damage caused by cyclone Kina was estimated as F170 million. In Samoa, we describe devastation to the country caused by tropical cyclones Ofa (February 1990) and Val (December 1991) which were considered to be the worst cyclones to affect the Samoan islands since the 1889 Apia cyclone. In Samoa, seven people were killed due to cyclone Ofa, thousands of people were left homeless and entire villages were destroyed. Damage on Samoa totalled to US130 million. Cyclone Val caused damage and destruction to 95% of houses in Samoa and severe crop damage; total damage was estimated as US200 million. Recently, severe tropical cyclone Evan affected Samoa and Fiji (December 2012). Significant progress in operational tropical cyclone forecasting has been achieved over the past few decades which resulted in improving early warning system but death toll attributed to cyclones is still high - at least 14 deaths in Samoa are related to cyclone Evan (luckily, no death reports in Fiji). Cyclone-related economic losses also remain very high making significant negative impact on economies of the countries. Preliminary assessment of damage caused by cyclone Evan in Fiji indicates loses of about 75.29 million. By the end of this century projections suggest decreasing numbers of tropical cyclones but a possible shift towards more intense categories. In addition, geographic shifts in distribution of tropical cyclone occurrences caused by warming of the atmospheric and oceanic environment are possible. This should be taken in consideration by authorities of the Pacific Island Countries when developing adaptation strategies to increasing tropical cyclone risk due to climate change.

  13. Anaerobic digestion as a waste disposal option for American Samoa

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Rivard, C

    1993-01-01

    Tuna sludge and municipal solid waste (MSW) generated on Tutuila Island, American Samoa, represent an ongoing disposal problem as well as an emerging opportunity for use in renewable fuel production. This research project focuses on the biological conversion of the organic fraction of these wastes to useful products including methane and fertilizer-grade residue through anaerobic high solids digestion. In this preliminary study, the anaerobic bioconversion of tuna sludge with MSW appears promising.

  14. American Samoa Analysis Brief

    EIA Publications

    2016-01-01

    American Samoa, the southernmost territory of the United States, is part of a tropical island chain located about halfway between Hawaii and New Zealand. It consists of the adjacent islands of Tutuila and Aunu'u; the Manu'a group of Ta'u, Ofu, and Olosega; and two coral atolls, Swains and Rose islands. The total land area, 76 square miles, is slightly larger than that of Washington, DC. Following Polynesian tradition, most land is communally owned by extended families.

  15. A new approach to UNESCO-IOC Post-Tsunami Field Surveys

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kong, L. S.; Steffen, J.; Dominey-Howes, D.; Biukoto, L.; Titimaea, A.; Thaman, R.; Vaa, R.

    2009-12-01

    The International Tsunami Survey Team (ITST-Samoa, Oct 14-23, 2009), and the Report presented to the Government of Samoa (GoS) immediately upon conclusion, was an unprecedented science effort, setting a benchmark for future coordinated international post-tsunami science surveys that will support national early recovery efforts, and through tsunami research, improve tsunami mitigation and preparedness and so build a stronger resilience of coastal communities. By working together, we achieved outcomes much stronger and more valuable than any one of us could produce alone. For the first time, strong principles of professional conduct, mutual respect, collaboration, partnership, and concern for the welfare of the affected communities, were explictly embeded in the work plan. The 29 September 2009 regional tsunami resulted in loss of life and damage to human infrastructure and environmental systems. Common to many tsunamis, international scientists expressed the intent to undertake science assessments. Traditionally, these surveys, sometimes under UNESCO-IOC auspices, have been single-discipline, and conducted individually with moderate government coordination, so that afterward, the country was left with a large integration task to produce a single coherent study. This changed in Samoa, where an integrated and coordinated approach emerged. The ITST-Samoa was comprised of more than 60 scientists (seismologists, geologists, engineers, social scientists, modellers) from Australia, Fiji, French-Polynesia, Italy, Japan, New Zealand and USA who volunteered to work in collaboration with the GoS, Samoa Red Cross Society, Samoa scientists, and non-government representatives. They worked as one survey team to collect data and assist the GoS to prioritise short- and long-term risk reduction strategies. Their novel work (1) partnered with a regional university to include South Pacific expertise and with the GoS to ensure that (a) international scientists worked in a culturally-sensitive and appropriate way and, (b) outputs achieved were relevant to both GoS and ITST scientists; (2) was interdisciplinary and multisectoral to capture a thorough understanding; and (3) used a ‘coupled human-environment systems framework’ to examine vulnerability and resilience before, during and after the tsunami. ITST succeeded because of (1) the scientists’ strong desire to share their knowledge; (2) GoS’s belief that science will improve disaster risk reduction practices; (3) immediate engagement of UN and regional organizations to provide an umbrella framework for working together; (4) local support to provide the ITST’s command center and; (5) dedicated Science Coordinators to manage the scientific planning, logistics, information sharing, and Report preparation. In 2010, UNESCO/IOC will revise its Post-Tsunami Field Survey Guide to document ITST-Samoa best practices and so provide guidance for future International Tsunami Survey Teams.

  16. Tobacco smoking trends in Samoa over four decades: can continued globalization rectify that which it has wrought?

    PubMed

    Linhart, Christine; Naseri, Take; Lin, Sophia; Taylor, Richard; Morrell, Stephen; McGarvey, Stephen T; Magliano, Dianna J; Zimmet, Paul

    2017-06-12

    The island country of Samoa (population 188,000 in 2011) forms part of Polynesia in the South Pacific. Over the past several decades Samoa has experienced exceptional modernization and globalization of many sectors of society, with noncommunicable diseases (NCD) now the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The evolution of risk factor prevalence underpinning the increase in NCDs, however, has not been well described, including tobacco smoking which is related to cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The present study examines tobacco smoking in relation to different forms and effects of globalization in Samoa using 7 population-based surveys (n = 9223) over 1978-2013. The prevalence of daily tobacco smoking steadily decreased over 1978-2013 from 76% to 36% in men, and from 27% to 15% in women (p < 0.0001 both sexes). During 1991-2013, current tobacco smoking also steadily decreased from 64% to 40% in men (p < 0.0001), and from 21% to 17% in women (p < 0.05). Declines were similar in younger (25-44 years) and older (45-64 years) men and women. Colonial globalization facilitated the introduction and prolific spread of tobacco trade and consumption in the Pacific Islands from the sixteenth century, with many populations inexorably pulled into trade relations and links to the global economy. It has also been a different globalization which may have led to the decline in smoking prevalence in Samoa in recent decades, through global dissemination since the 1950s of information on the harmful effects of tobacco smoking derived from research studies in the USA and Europe. Over the past 35 years tobacco smoking has steadily declined among Samoan adults; the only NCD risk factor to demonstrate marked declines during this period. By 2013 tobacco smoking in women had decreased to levels similar to Australia and New Zealand (ANZ), however in men smoking prevalence remained more than three times higher than ANZ. The impact on smoking prevalence of the variety of tobacco control interventions that have been implemented so far in Samoa need to be evaluated in order to determine the most effective initiatives that should be prioritized and strengthened.

  17. A revision of the Australian species of Trimma (Actinopterygii, Gobiidae), with descriptions of six new species and redescriptions of twenty-three valid species.

    PubMed

    Winterbottom, Richard; Hoese, Douglass F

    2015-03-17

    The gobiid genus Trimma currently contains 75 valid species, with another 20-30 known but undescribed species. There are 29 species in Australian waters (six undescribed). This paper describes the six new species, and provides redescriptions of most of the 23 previously described species known from the region, as well as a key for all the species. The six new species are: T. insularum (endemic to Cocos (Keeling) Islands), T. kitrinum (Fiji to Great Barrier Reef), T. meristum (Cape York to the Bismark Archipelago and Fiji), T. pentherum (Great Barrier Reef to Fiji and the South-West Islands of Palau), T. readerae (Australia to Japan), and T. xanthum (Palau to Fiji, Great Barrier Reef to Christmas Island). The following 23 species have been recorded from Australian waters, and most are redescribed here: T. anaima (Comores to Fiji), T. annosum (Maldives to the Phoenix Islands, Taiwan to the southern Great Barrier Reef), T. benjamini (southern Vietnam to the Marshall Islands, Samoa and southern Barrier Reef), T. caesiura (Ryukyus through the Marshall Islands to Samoa and Elizabeth Reef on the Lord Howe Rise), T. capostriatum (New Caledonia to eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea), T. maiandros (Java to the Ryukyus, Marshalls to Great Barrier Reef), T. emeryi (Comores to Ryukyus and Samoa), T. fangi (western South China Sea through to the Solomons), T. flavatrum (Ryukyu Islands to Western Australia and Samoa), T. hoesei (Chagos Archipelago, central Indian Ocean to Palau and Solomons), T. lantana (Australia, Solomons, northern New Guinea, South-West Islands of Palau), T. macrophthalmus (Ryukyu Islands to Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Samoa), T. milta (Taiwan to Western Australia, Society Islands and Hawaii), T. nasa (Sumbawa, Indonesia to Fiji), T. necopinum (northern tip of Cape York to Sydney), T. nomurai (Japan to northern Australia and New Caledonia), T. okinawae (western Thailand to Japan and the Phoenix Islands, north-west Australia to the Great Barrier Reef), T. preclarum (Palau to Fiji, Great Barrier Reef), T. stobbsi (Maldives to New Caledonia), T. striatum (Maldives to Palau, to northern Australia), T. taylori (Red Sea to Hawaii and Society Islands), T. tevegae (Red Sea to Ryukyu Islands, Marshall Islands to Samoa), and T. unisquame (Comores to Hawaii and Easter Island).

  18. Land-based sources of marine pollution: Pesticides, PAHs and phthalates in coastal stream water, and heavy metals in coastal stream sediments in American Samoa.

    PubMed

    Polidoro, Beth A; Comeros-Raynal, Mia T; Cahill, Thomas; Clement, Cassandra

    2017-03-15

    The island nations and territories of the South Pacific are facing a number of pressing environmental concerns, including solid waste management and coastal pollution. Here we provide baseline information on the presence and concentration of heavy metals and selected organic contaminants (pesticides, PAHs, phthalates) in 7 coastal streams and in surface waters adjacent to the Futiga landfill in American Samoa. All sampled stream sediments contained high concentrations of lead, and some of mercury. Several coastal stream waters showed relatively high concentrations of diethyl phthalate and of organophosphate pesticides, above chronic toxicity values for fish and other aquatic organisms. Parathion, which has been banned by the US Environmental Protection Agency since 2006, was detected in several stream sites. Increased monitoring and initiatives to limit non-point source land-based pollution will greatly improve the state of freshwater and coastal resources, as well as reduce risks to human health in American Samoa. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  19. Understanding the South Pacific Convergence Zone and Its Impacts

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Power, Scott

    2011-02-01

    International Workshop on the South Pacific Convergence Zone; Apia, Samoa, 24-26 August 2010 ; During the Southern Hemisphere summer the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) in the southwestern Pacific Ocean produces the largest rainfall band in the world. The SPCZ tends to move northeast during southern winter and El Niño and move southwest during southern summer and La Niña. These changes in position have a profound influence on climate (e.g., rainfall, winds, and tropical cyclone frequencies) and life in most of the nations in the southwestern Pacific. Despite the importance of the SPCZ to the region and its prominence in the general circulation of the Southern Hemisphere, the SPCZ has been studied relatively little compared with convergence zones in the Northern Hemisphere. An international workshop on the SPCZ was held in Samoa and brought together 30 experts from Australia, the Cook Islands, Fiji, France, India, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Vanuatu.

  20. Leptospirosis in American Samoa 2010: Epidemiology, Environmental Drivers, and the Management of Emergence

    PubMed Central

    Lau, Colleen L.; Dobson, Annette J.; Smythe, Lee D.; Fearnley, Emily J.; Skelly, Chris; Clements, Archie C. A.; Craig, Scott B.; Fuimaono, Saipale D.; Weinstein, Philip

    2012-01-01

    Leptospirosis has recently been reported as an emerging disease worldwide, and a seroprevalence study was undertaken in American Samoa to better understand the drivers of transmission. Antibodies indicative of previous exposure to leptospirosis were found in 15.5% of 807 participants, predominantly against three serovars that were not previously known to occur in American Samoa. Questionnaires and geographic information systems data were used to assess behavioral factors and environmental determinants of disease transmission, and logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with infection. Many statistically significant factors were consistent with previous studies, but we also showed a significant association with living at lower altitudes (odds ratio [OR] = 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–2.28), and having higher numbers of piggeries around the home (OR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.52–4.40). Our findings support a multifaceted approach to combating the emergence of leptospirosis, including modification of individual behavior, but importantly also managing the evolving environmental drivers of risk. PMID:22302868

  1. Shifting patterns of ENSO variability from a 492-year South Pacific coral core

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tangri, N.; Linsley, B. K.; Mucciarone, D.; Dunbar, R. B.

    2017-12-01

    Anticipating the impacts of ENSO in a changing climate requires detailed reconstructions of changes in its timing, amplitude, and spatial pattern, as well as attempts to attribute those changes to external forcing or internal variability. A continuous coral δ18O record from American Samoa, in the tropical South Pacific, sheds light on almost five centuries of these changes. We find evidence of internally-driven 50-100 year cycles with broad peaks of high variability punctuated by short transitions of low variability. We see a long, slow trend towards more frequent ENSO events, punctuated by sharp decreases in frequency; the 20th century in particular shows a strong trend towards higher-frequency ENSO. Due to the unique location of American Samoa with respect to ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, we infer changes in the spatial pattern of ENSO. American Samoa currently lies on the ENSO 3.4 nodal line - the boomerang shape that separates waters warmed by El Niño from those that cool. Closer examination reveals that SST around American Samoa displays opposing responses to Eastern and Central Pacific ENSO events. However, this has not always been the case; in the late 19th and early 20th century, SST responded similarly to both flavors of ENSO. We interpret this to mean a geographic narrowing towards the equator of the eastern Pacific El Niño SST anomaly pattern in the first half of the 20th century.

  2. The September 29, 2009 Earthquake and Tsunami in American Samoa: A Case Study of Household Evacuation Behavior and the Protective Action Decision Model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Apatu, E. J. I.; Gregg, C. E.; Lindell, M. K.; Sorensen, J.; Hillhouse, J.; Sorensen, B.

    2012-04-01

    In 2009, the islands of Samoa, American Samoa, and Tonga were struck by an 8.1 magnitude earthquake that triggered a tsunami. The latter claimed an estimated 149, 34, and nine lives, respectively. Preparing persons to take protective action during an earthquake and tsunami is important to help save lives, but evacuation behavior is a dynamic process, which involves many factors such as recognition and interpretation of environmental cues, characteristics of the receiver, characteristics of official and informal warnings and a person's social context during the event. Compared to individualistic cultures like that in the USA, little is known about what factors affect household evacuation behavior in collectivist cultures. The Protective Action Decision Model (PADM) of Lindell and Perry (2004) is a theoretical framework that purports to explain human response to natural hazards. This broad behavioral hazard model has been tested in several settings in the United States. However, to date, the PADM has never been tested in a collectivist culture. Thus, this study will summarize interview findings from 300 American Samoan survivors to understand household evacuation behavior in response to the 2009 tsunami and earthquake that hit American Samoa. In addition, an investigation of how well the PADM explains evacuation action behavior will be reported. Findings from this study will be useful for public health emergency professionals in planning efforts for local tsunamis in coastal communities in the Pacific and around the world.

  3. Ants of the national park of American Samoa

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Banko, Paul C.; Peck, Robert W.

    2015-01-01

    American Samoa makes up the eastern end of the Samoan Archipelago. On the islands of Tutuila, Taʽū and Ofu, the National Park of American Samoa (NPSA) protects about 4,000 ha of coastal, mid-slope and ridge-top forest. While the ant fauna of the Samoan Archipelago is considered relatively well documented, much of NPSA has never been surveyed for ants, leaving the fauna and its distribution poorly known. To address this shortfall, we systematically surveyed ants within the Tutuila and Taʽū units of NPSA using standard methods (hand collecting, litter sifting, and baits) at 39 sites within six vegetation types ranging from 8 to 945 m elevation. Forty-four ant species were identified, 19 of which are exotic to the Samoan Archipelago. Two notoriously aggressive species, Anoplolepis gracilipes and Pheidole megacephala were detected at two and seven sites, respectively. Both of these species largely excluded all other ants from bait, although their impact on ant community composition is unclear. A suite of habitat variables measured at each site was assessed to explain park-wide ant distributions. Of eight variables evaluated, only elevation was associated with ant community structure, as the ratio of native to exotic ant species increased significantly with elevation on Tutuila. Our survey documented two species not previously reported from American Samoa. Strumigenys eggersi, detected at 12 sites, appears to be a new immigrant to the Pacific Basin. A species of Pheidole was collected that likely represents an undescribed species. Solenopsis geminata, an aggressive species first reported on Tutuila in 2002, was not detected during our survey.

  4. Apollo 14 crewmembers sealed inside a Mobile Quarantine Facility

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1971-02-12

    S71-19508 (12 Feb. 1971) --- Separated by aluminum and glass of their Mobile Quarantine Facility (MQF), the Apollo 14 crew members visit with their families and friends upon arriving at Ellington Air Force Base in the early morning hours of Feb. 12, 1971. Looking through the MQF window are astronauts Alan B. Shepard Jr. (left), commander; Stuart A. Roosa (right), command module pilot; and Edgar D. Mitchell, lunar module pilot. The crew men were brought to Houston aboard a C-141 transport plane from Pago Pago, American Samoa. The USS New Orleans had transported the crew to American Samoa from the recovery site in the South Pacific.

  5. Detection of avian malaria (Plasmodium spp.) in native land birds of American Samoa

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Jarvi, S.I.; Farias, M.E.M.; Baker, H.; Freifeld, H.B.; Baker, P.E.; Van Gelder, E.; Massey, J.G.; Atkinson, C.T.

    2003-01-01

    This study documents the presence of Plasmodium spp. in landbirds of central Polynesia. Blood samples collected from eight native and introduced species from the island of Tutuila, American Samoa were evaluated for the presence of Plasmodium spp. by nested rDNA PCR, serology and/or microscopy. A total of 111/188 birds (59%) screened by nested PCR were positive. Detection of Plasmodium spp. was verified by nucleotide sequence comparisons of partial 18S ribosomal RNA and TRAP (thrombospondin-related anonymous protein) genes using phylogenetic analyses. All samples screened by immunoblot to detect antibodies that cross-react with Hawaiian isolates of Plasmodium relictum (153) were negative. Lack of cross-reactivity is probably due to antigenic differences between the Hawaiian and Samoan Plasmodium isolates. Similarly, all samples examined by microscopy (214) were negative. The fact that malaria is present, but not detectable by blood smear evaluation is consistent with low peripheral parasitemia characteristic of chronic infections. High prevalence of apparently chronic infections, the relative stability of the native land bird communities, and the presence of mosquito vectors which are considered endemic and capable of transmitting avian Plasmodia, suggest that these parasites are indigenous to Samoa and have a long coevolutionary history with their hosts.

  6. Seismic hazard of American Samoa and neighboring South Pacific Islands--methods, data, parameters, and results

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Petersen, Mark D.; Harmsen, Stephen C.; Rukstales, Kenneth S.; Mueller, Charles S.; McNamara, Daniel E.; Luco, Nicolas; Walling, Melanie

    2012-01-01

    American Samoa and the neighboring islands of the South Pacific lie near active tectonic-plate boundaries that host many large earthquakes which can result in strong earthquake shaking and tsunamis. To mitigate earthquake risks from future ground shaking, the Federal Emergency Management Agency requested that the U.S. Geological Survey prepare seismic hazard maps that can be applied in building-design criteria. This Open-File Report describes the data, methods, and parameters used to calculate the seismic shaking hazard as well as the output hazard maps, curves, and deaggregation (disaggregation) information needed for building design. Spectral acceleration hazard for 1 Hertz having a 2-percent probability of exceedance on a firm rock site condition (Vs30=760 meters per second) is 0.12 acceleration of gravity (1 second, 1 Hertz) and 0.32 acceleration of gravity (0.2 seconds, 5 Hertz) on American Samoa, 0.72 acceleration of gravity (1 Hertz) and 2.54 acceleration of gravity (5 Hertz) on Tonga, 0.15 acceleration of gravity (1 Hertz) and 0.55 acceleration of gravity (5 Hertz) on Fiji, and 0.89 acceleration of gravity (1 Hertz) and 2.77 acceleration of gravity (5 Hertz) on the Vanuatu Islands.

  7. Preliminary assessment of the impacts and effects of the South Pacific tsunami of September 2009 in Samoa

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dominey-Howes, D.

    2009-12-01

    The September 2009 tsunami was a regional South Pacific event of enormous significance. Our UNESCO-IOC ITST Samoa survey used a simplified version of a ‘coupled human-environment systems framework’ (Turner et al., 2003) to investigate the impacts and effects of the tsunami in Samoa. Further, the framework allowed us to identify those factors that affected the vulnerability and resilience of the human-environment system before, during and after the tsunami - a global first. Key findings (unprocessed) include: Maximum run-up exceeded 14 metres above sea level Maximum inundation (at right angles to the shore) was approximately 400 metres Maximum inundation with the wave running parallel with the shore (but inland), exceeded 700 metres Buildings sustained varying degrees of damage Damage was correlated with depth of tsunami flow, velocity, condition of foundations, quality of building materials used, quality of workmanship, adherence to the building code and so on Buildings raised even one metre above the surrounding land surface suffered much less damage Plants, trees and mangroves reduced flow velocity and flow depth - leading to greater chances of human survival and lower levels of building damage The tsunami has left a clear and distinguishable geological record in terms of sediments deposited in the coastal landscape The clear sediment layer associated with this tsunami suggests that older (and prehistoric) tsunamis can be identified, helping to answer questions about frequency and magnitude of tsunamis The tsunami caused widespread erosion of the coastal and beach zones but this damage will repair itself naturally and quickly The tsunami has had clear impacts on ecosystems and these are highly variable Ecosystems will repair themselves naturally and are unlikely to preserve long-term impacts It is clear that some plant (tree) species are highly resilient and provided immediate places for safety during the tsunami and resources post-tsunami People of Samoa are forgetting their knowledge of the value and uses of indigenous plant and animal species and efforts are needed to increase the understanding of the value of these plants and animals (thus increasing community resilience) Video recording survivor stories is important Sadly, there is no tradition of story telling or memory of past tsunamis so the capturing of survivor accounts means that such stories can be introduced to the cultural memory Permitting survivors to tell their stories allows them to heal emotionally, and also provides valuable information for future education and community outreach The people of Samoa are hurting after the tsunami Impacts and effects are highly variable socially and spatially Where lives have been lost, the impacts and associated fear are much higher Communities require practical and long-term emotional care A complex picture is emerging about community experiences of warning and response behaviour that presents challenges to the Government of Samoa in terms of education and outreach for hazard reduction

  8. Discordant association of the CREBRF rs373863828 A allele with increased BMI and protection from type 2 diabetes in Māori and Pacific (Polynesian) people living in Aotearoa/New Zealand.

    PubMed

    Krishnan, Mohanraj; Major, Tanya J; Topless, Ruth K; Dewes, Ofa; Yu, Lennex; Thompson, John M D; McCowan, Lesley; de Zoysa, Janak; Stamp, Lisa K; Dalbeth, Nicola; Harré Hindmarsh, Jennie; Rapana, Nuku; Deka, Ranjan; Eng, Winston W H; Weeks, Daniel E; Minster, Ryan L; McGarvey, Stephen T; Viali, Satupa'itea; Naseri, Take; Sefuiva Reupena, Muagututi'a; Wilcox, Phillip; Grattan, David; Shepherd, Peter R; Shelling, Andrew N; Murphy, Rinki; Merriman, Tony R

    2018-07-01

    The A (minor) allele of CREBRF rs373863828 has been associated with increased BMI and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in the Samoan populations of Samoa and American Samoa. Our aim was to test rs373863828 for associations with BMI and the odds of type 2 diabetes, gout and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Māori and Pacific (Polynesian) people living in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Linear and logistic regression models were used to analyse the association of the A allele of CREBRF rs373863828 with BMI, log-transformed BMI, waist circumference, type 2 diabetes, gout and CKD in 2286 adults. The primary analyses were adjusted for age, sex, the first four genome-wide principal components and (where appropriate) BMI, waist circumference and type 2 diabetes. The primary analysis was conducted in ancestrally defined groups and association effects were combined using meta-analysis. For the A allele of rs373863828, the effect size was 0.038 (95% CI 0.022, 0.055, p = 4.8 × 10 -6 ) for log-transformed BMI, with OR 0.59 (95% CI 0.47, 0.73, p = 1.9 × 10 -6 ) for type 2 diabetes. There was no evidence for an association of genotype with variance in BMI (p = 0.13), and nor was there evidence for associations with serum urate (β = 0.012 mmol/l, p corrected  = 0.10), gout (OR 1.00, p = 0.98) or CKD (OR 0.91, p = 0.59). Our results in New Zealand Polynesian adults replicate, with very similar effect sizes, the association of the A allele of rs373863828 with higher BMI but lower odds of type 2 diabetes among Samoan adults living in Samoa and American Samoa.

  9. Establishing a Timeline to Discontinue Routine Testing of Asymptomatic Pregnant Women for Zika Virus Infection - American Samoa, 2016-2017.

    PubMed

    Hancock, W Thane; Soeters, Heidi M; Hills, Susan L; Link-Gelles, Ruth; Evans, Mary E; Daley, W Randolph; Piercefield, Emily; Anesi, Magele Scott; Mataia, Mary Aseta; Uso, Anaise M; Sili, Benjamin; Tufa, Aifili John; Solaita, Jacqueline; Irvin-Barnwell, Elizabeth; Meaney-Delman, Dana; Wilken, Jason; Weidle, Paul; Toews, Karrie-Ann E; Walker, William; Talboy, Phillip M; Gallo, William K; Krishna, Nevin; Laws, Rebecca L; Reynolds, Megan R; Koneru, Alaya; Gould, Carolyn V

    2017-03-24

    The first patients with laboratory-confirmed cases of Zika virus disease in American Samoa had symptom onset in January 2016 (1). In response, the American Samoa Department of Health (ASDoH) implemented mosquito control measures (1), strategies to protect pregnant women (1), syndromic surveillance based on electronic health record (EHR) reports (1), Zika virus testing of persons with one or more signs or symptoms of Zika virus disease (fever, rash, arthralgia, or conjunctivitis) (1-3), and routine testing of all asymptomatic pregnant women in accordance with CDC guidance (2,3) . All collected blood and urine specimens were shipped to the Hawaii Department of Health Laboratory for Zika virus testing and to CDC for confirmatory testing. Early in the response, collection and testing of specimens from pregnant women was prioritized over the collection from symptomatic nonpregnant patients because of limited testing and shipping capacity. The weekly numbers of suspected Zika virus disease cases declined from an average of six per week in January-February 2016 to one per week in May 2016. By August, the EHR-based syndromic surveillance (1) indicated a return to pre-outbreak levels. The last Zika virus disease case detected by real-time, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) occurred in a patient who had symptom onset on June 19, 2016. In August 2016, ASDoH requested CDC support in assessing whether local transmission had been reduced or interrupted and in proposing a timeline for discontinuation of routine testing of asymptomatic pregnant women. An end date (October 15, 2016) was determined for active mosquito-borne transmission of Zika virus and a timeline was developed for discontinuation of routine screening of asymptomatic pregnant women in American Samoa (conception after December 10, 2016, with permissive testing for asymptomatic women who conceive through April 15, 2017).

  10. Connecting Hydrologic Research and Management in American Samoa through Collaboration and Capacity Building

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shuler, C. K.; El-Kadi, A. I.; Dulai, H.; Glenn, C. R.; Mariner, M. K. E.; DeWees, R.; Schmaedick, M.; Gurr, I.; Comeros, M.; Bodell, T.

    2017-12-01

    In small-island developing communities, effective communication and collaboration with local stakeholders is imperative for successful implementation of hydrologic or other socially pertinent research. American Samoa's isolated location highlights the need for water resource sustainability, and effective scientific research is a key component to addressing critical challenges in water storage and management. Currently, aquifer degradation from salt-water-intrusion or surface-water contaminated groundwater adversely affects much of the islands' municipal water supply, necessitating an almost decade long Boil-Water-Advisory. This presentation will share the approach our research group, based at the University of Hawaii Water Resources Research Center, has taken for successfully implementing a collaboration-focused water research program in American Samoa. Instead of viewing research as a one-sided activity, our program seeks opportunities to build local capacity, develop relationships with key on-island stakeholders, and involve local community through forward-looking projects. This presentation will highlight three applications of collaborative research with water policy and management, water supply and sustainability, and science education stakeholders. Projects include: 1) working with the island's water utility to establish a long-term hydrological monitoring network, motivated by a need for data to parameterize numerical groundwater models, 2) collaboration with the American Samoa Environmental Protection Agency to better understand groundwater discharge and watershed scale land-use impacts for management of nearshore coral reef ecosystems, and 3) participation of local community college and high school students as research interns to increase involvement in, and exposure to socially pertinent water focused research. Through these innovative collaborative approaches we have utilized resources more effectively, and focused research efforts on more pertinent locally-driven research questions. Additionally, this approach has enhanced our ability to provide technical support and knowledge transfer for on-island scientific needs, and helped overcome data availability barriers faced by water managers, planners, and future investigators.

  11. 48 CFR 25.003 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Tanzania, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Yemen..., Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Tanzania, Togo...

  12. 48 CFR 25.003 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., Mauritania, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon... Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Tanzania, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Yemen, or Zambia. Least...

  13. 48 CFR 25.003 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., Mauritania, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon... Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Tanzania, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Yemen, or Zambia. Least...

  14. The Limit of Inundation of the September 29, 2009, Tsunami on Tutuila, American Samoa

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Jaffe, Bruce E.; Gelfenbaum, Guy; Buckley, Mark L.; Watt, Steve; Apotsos, Alex; Stevens, Andrew W.; Richmond, Bruce M.

    2010-01-01

    U.S. Geological Survey scientists investigated the coastal impacts of the September 29, 2009, South Pacific tsunami in Tutuila, American Samoa in October and November 2009, including mapping the alongshore variation in the limit of inundation. Knowing the inundation limit is useful for planning safer coastal development and evacuation routes for future tsunamis and for improving models of tsunami hazards. This report presents field data documenting the limit of inundation at 18 sites around Tutuila collected in the weeks following the tsunami using Differential GPS (DGPS). In total, 15,703 points along inundation lines were mapped. Estimates of DGPS error and uncertainty in interpretation of the inundation line are provided as electronic files that accompany this report.

  15. 48 CFR 25.003 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu..., Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia...

  16. 36 CFR 230.31 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... individual, group, association, corporation, Indian Tribe, or other legal private entity owning nonindustrial... Virgin Islands of the United States, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana...

  17. 47 CFR 52.5 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... telecommunications networks located in American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, British Virgin... commission. The term “state commission” means the commission, board, or official (by whatever name designated...

  18. 47 CFR 52.5 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... telecommunications networks located in American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, British Virgin... commission. The term “state commission” means the commission, board, or official (by whatever name designated...

  19. 47 CFR 52.5 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... telecommunications networks located in American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, British Virgin... commission. The term “state commission” means the commission, board, or official (by whatever name designated...

  20. 47 CFR 52.5 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... telecommunications networks located in American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, British Virgin... commission. The term “state commission” means the commission, board, or official (by whatever name designated...

  1. 47 CFR 52.5 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... telecommunications networks located in American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, British Virgin... commission. The term “state commission” means the commission, board, or official (by whatever name designated...

  2. The 2009 Samoa-Tonga great earthquake triggered doublet

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Lay, T.; Ammon, C.J.; Kanamori, H.; Rivera, L.; Koper, K.D.; Hutko, Alexander R.

    2010-01-01

    Great earthquakes (having seismic magnitudes of at least 8) usually involve abrupt sliding of rock masses at a boundary between tectonic plates. Such interplate ruptures produce dynamic and static stress changes that can activate nearby intraplate aftershocks, as is commonly observed in the trench-slope region seaward of a great subduction zone thrust event1-4. The earthquake sequence addressed here involves a rare instance in which a great trench-slope intraplate earthquake triggered extensive interplate faulting, reversing the typical pattern and broadly expanding the seismic and tsunami hazard. On 29 September 2009, within two minutes of the initiation of a normal faulting event with moment magnitude 8.1 in the outer trench-slope at the northern end of the Tonga subduction zone, two major interplate underthrusting subevents (both with moment magnitude 7.8), with total moment equal to a second great earthquake of moment magnitude 8.0, ruptured the nearby subduction zone megathrust. The collective faulting produced tsunami waves with localized regions of about 12metres run-up that claimed 192 lives in Samoa, American Samoa and Tonga. Overlap of the seismic signals obscured the fact that distinct faults separated by more than 50km had ruptured with different geometries, with the triggered thrust faulting only being revealed by detailed seismic wave analyses. Extensive interplate and intraplate aftershock activity was activated over a large region of the northern Tonga subduction zone. ?? 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.

  3. Factors Affecting Household Adoption of an Evacuation Plan in American Samoa after the 2009 Earthquake and Tsunami

    PubMed Central

    Gregg, Chris E; Richards, Kasie; Sorensen, Barbara Vogt; Wang, Liang

    2013-01-01

    American Samoa is still recovering from the debilitating consequences of the September 29, 2009 tsunami. Little is known about current household preparedness in American Samoa for future earthquakes and tsunamis. Thus, this study sought to enumerate the number of households with an earthquake and tsunami evacuation plan and to identify predictors of having a household evacuation plan through a post-tsunami survey conducted in July 2011. Members of 300 households were interviewed in twelve villages spread across regions of the principle island of Tutuila. Multiple logistic regression showed that being male, having lived in one's home for < 30 years, and having a friend who suffered damage to his or her home during the 2009 tsunami event increased the likelihood of having a household evacuation plan. The prevalence of tsunami evacuation planning was 35% indicating that survivors might feel that preparation is not necessary given effective adaptive responses during the 2009 event. Results suggest that emergency planners and public health officials should continue with educational outreach to families to spread awareness around the importance of developing plans for future earthquakes and tsunamis to help mitigate human and structural loss from such natural disasters. Additional research is needed to better understand the linkages between pre-event planning and effective evacuation responses as were observed in the 2009 events. PMID:24349889

  4. Factors affecting household adoption of an evacuation plan in American Samoa after the 2009 earthquake and tsunami.

    PubMed

    Apatu, Emma J I; Gregg, Chris E; Richards, Kasie; Sorensen, Barbara Vogt; Wang, Liang

    2013-08-01

    American Samoa is still recovering from the debilitating consequences of the September 29, 2009 tsunami. Little is known about current household preparedness in American Samoa for future earthquakes and tsunamis. Thus, this study sought to enumerate the number of households with an earthquake and tsunami evacuation plan and to identify predictors of having a household evacuation plan through a post-tsunami survey conducted in July 2011. Members of 300 households were interviewed in twelve villages spread across regions of the principle island of Tutuila. Multiple logistic regression showed that being male, having lived in one's home for < 30 years, and having a friend who suffered damage to his or her home during the 2009 tsunami event increased the likelihood of having a household evacuation plan. The prevalence of tsunami evacuation planning was 35% indicating that survivors might feel that preparation is not necessary given effective adaptive responses during the 2009 event. Results suggest that emergency planners and public health officials should continue with educational outreach to families to spread awareness around the importance of developing plans for future earthquakes and tsunamis to help mitigate human and structural loss from such natural disasters. Additional research is needed to better understand the linkages between pre-event planning and effective evacuation responses as were observed in the 2009 events.

  5. The 2009 Samoa-Tonga great earthquake triggered doublet.

    PubMed

    Lay, Thorne; Ammon, Charles J; Kanamori, Hiroo; Rivera, Luis; Koper, Keith D; Hutko, Alexander R

    2010-08-19

    Great earthquakes (having seismic magnitudes of at least 8) usually involve abrupt sliding of rock masses at a boundary between tectonic plates. Such interplate ruptures produce dynamic and static stress changes that can activate nearby intraplate aftershocks, as is commonly observed in the trench-slope region seaward of a great subduction zone thrust event. The earthquake sequence addressed here involves a rare instance in which a great trench-slope intraplate earthquake triggered extensive interplate faulting, reversing the typical pattern and broadly expanding the seismic and tsunami hazard. On 29 September 2009, within two minutes of the initiation of a normal faulting event with moment magnitude 8.1 in the outer trench-slope at the northern end of the Tonga subduction zone, two major interplate underthrusting subevents (both with moment magnitude 7.8), with total moment equal to a second great earthquake of moment magnitude 8.0, ruptured the nearby subduction zone megathrust. The collective faulting produced tsunami waves with localized regions of about 12 metres run-up that claimed 192 lives in Samoa, American Samoa and Tonga. Overlap of the seismic signals obscured the fact that distinct faults separated by more than 50 km had ruptured with different geometries, with the triggered thrust faulting only being revealed by detailed seismic wave analyses. Extensive interplate and intraplate aftershock activity was activated over a large region of the northern Tonga subduction zone.

  6. 40 CFR 81.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... organized group or community, including any Alaska Native village, which is federally recognized as eligible... Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa and includes the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands...

  7. 41 CFR 105-56.003 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana... pay, other authorized pay. (o) Pre-offset hearing means a review of the documentary evidence...

  8. 41 CFR 105-56.003 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana... pay, other authorized pay. (o) Pre-offset hearing means a review of the documentary evidence...

  9. 45 CFR 1080.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... any tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or community of Indians, including any Alaska Native... District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the...

  10. 23 CFR 1345.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa or the Commonwealth of... fiscal year beginning after September 30, 2003. Targeted population means a specific group of people...

  11. 29 CFR 100.602 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern... more Federal agencies or a unit or sub-agency thereof. Debtor means an individual, organization, group...

  12. 28 CFR 90.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... other organized group or community of Indians, including any Alaska Native village or regional or... District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the...

  13. 45 CFR 2550.20 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... tribe. (1) An Indian tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or community, including— (i) Any... States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. (l...

  14. 50 CFR 665.1 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Kingman Reef, Jarvis Island, Baker Island, Howland Island, Johnston Atoll, and Wake Island. (b) General regulations governing fishing by all...

  15. 50 CFR 665.1 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Kingman Reef, Jarvis Island, Baker Island, Howland Island, Johnston Atoll, and Wake Island. (b) General regulations governing fishing by all...

  16. 50 CFR 665.1 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Kingman Reef, Jarvis Island, Baker Island, Howland Island, Johnston Atoll, and Wake Island. (b) General regulations governing fishing by all...

  17. 50 CFR 665.1 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Kingman Reef, Jarvis Island, Baker Island, Howland Island, Johnston Atoll, and Wake Island. (b) General regulations governing fishing by all...

  18. 50 CFR 665.1 - Purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Kingman Reef, Jarvis Island, Baker Island, Howland Island, Johnston Atoll, and Wake Island. (b) General regulations governing fishing by all...

  19. 15 CFR 922.100 - Scope of regulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... MANAGEMENT NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary § 922.100... American Samoa within the boundary of the Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary (Sanctuary). Neither the...

  20. 50 CFR 665.626 - Notifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (CONTINUED) FISHERIES IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC Pacific Remote Island Area Fisheries... contact the appropriate NMFS enforcement agent in American Samoa, Guam, or Hawaii at least 24 hours before...

  1. Preferences for female body size in Britain and the South Pacific.

    PubMed

    Swami, Viren; Knight, Daniel; Tovée, Martin J; Davies, Patrick; Furnham, Adrian

    2007-06-01

    To assess current attitudes to body weight and shape in the South Pacific, a region characterised by relatively high levels of obesity and traditionally positive views of large bodies, 38 high socio-economic status (SES) adolescent males and 38 low SES adolescent males in Independent Samoa were asked to rate a set of images of real women for physical attractiveness. Participants in both SES settings preferred women with a slender figure, as did a comparison group in Britain, suggesting that the traditional veneration of large bodies is no longer apparent in Samoa. However, the results also showed that low SES adolescents were more likely to view overweight figures as attractive, which suggests that the veneration of slim figures may be associated with increasing SES. Implications of this finding are discussed in conclusion.

  2. Tungsten-182 heterogeneity in modern ocean island basalts

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mundl, Andrea; Touboul, Mathieu; Jackson, Matthew G.; Day, James M. D.; Kurz, Mark D.; Lekic, Vedran; Helz, Rosalind T.; Walker, Richard J.

    2017-04-01

    New tungsten isotope data for modern ocean island basalts (OIB) from Hawaii, Samoa, and Iceland reveal variable 182W/184W, ranging from that of the ambient upper mantle to ratios as much as 18 parts per million lower. The tungsten isotopic data negatively correlate with 3He/4He. These data indicate that each OIB system accesses domains within Earth that formed within the first 60 million years of solar system history. Combined isotopic and chemical characteristics projected for these ancient domains indicate that they contain metal and are repositories of noble gases. We suggest that the most likely source candidates are mega-ultralow-velocity zones, which lie beneath Hawaii, Samoa, and Iceland but not beneath hot spots whose OIB yield normal 182W and homogeneously low 3He/4He.

  3. 41 CFR 105-56.003 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana... authorized pay. (o) Pre-offset hearing means a review of the documentary evidence concerning the existence...

  4. 41 CFR 105-56.003 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana... authorized pay. (o) Pre-offset hearing means a review of the documentary evidence concerning the existence...

  5. 28 CFR 33.100 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., the United States Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands; (e) The term...)) which defines Indian tribe as meaning any Indian tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or...

  6. 40 CFR 85.1502 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. (15) Useful... are open for normal business. Saturdays, Sundays, and official Federal holidays are not working days...

  7. 50 CFR 665.104 - Gear restrictions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... bottom set gillnet within the American Samoa fishery management area is prohibited. (c) Poisons and explosives. The possession or use of any poisons, explosives, or intoxicating substances for the purpose of...

  8. 15 CFR 990.30 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa... Comp., p. 22), including the ocean waters of the areas referred to as “eastern special areas” in...

  9. 15 CFR 990.30 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa... Comp., p. 22), including the ocean waters of the areas referred to as “eastern special areas” in...

  10. 15 CFR 990.30 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa... Comp., p. 22), including the ocean waters of the areas referred to as “eastern special areas” in...

  11. 15 CFR 990.30 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa... Comp., p. 22), including the ocean waters of the areas referred to as “eastern special areas” in...

  12. 41 CFR 105-55.002 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern... corporations. (k) Hearing means a review of the documentary evidence concerning the existence and/or amount of...

  13. 41 CFR 105-55.002 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern... corporations. (k) Hearing means a review of the documentary evidence concerning the existence and/or amount of...

  14. 41 CFR 105-55.002 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern... corporations. (k) Hearing means a review of the documentary evidence concerning the existence and/or amount of...

  15. 41 CFR 105-55.002 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern... corporations. (k) Hearing means a review of the documentary evidence concerning the existence and/or amount of...

  16. 41 CFR 105-55.002 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern... corporations. (k) Hearing means a review of the documentary evidence concerning the existence and/or amount of...

  17. 7 CFR 110.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., band, or group of Indians subject to the jurisdiction of the United States and recognized by the United..., the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, and any other territory or...

  18. 34 CFR 280.4 - What definitions apply to this program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... North America, and who maintains cultural identification through tribal affiliation or community..., China, India, Japan, Korea, the Philippine Islands, and Samoa. (3) Black (Not of Hispanic Origin). A...

  19. 34 CFR 280.4 - What definitions apply to this program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... North America, and who maintains cultural identification through tribal affiliation or community..., China, India, Japan, Korea, the Philippine Islands, and Samoa. (3) Black (Not of Hispanic Origin). A...

  20. 34 CFR 280.4 - What definitions apply to this program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... North America, and who maintains cultural identification through tribal affiliation or community..., China, India, Japan, Korea, the Philippine Islands, and Samoa. (3) Black (Not of Hispanic Origin). A...

  1. Trends in diabetes and obesity in Samoa over 35 years, 1978-2013.

    PubMed

    Lin, S; Naseri, T; Linhart, C; Morrell, S; Taylor, R; McGarvey, S T; Magliano, D J; Zimmet, P

    2017-05-01

    Population surveys of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity conducted in Samoa over three decades have used varying methodologies and definitions. This study standardizes measures, and trends of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity for 1978-2013 are projected to 2020 for adults aged 25-64 years. Unit records from eight surveys (n = 12 516) were adjusted to the previous census for Division of residence, sex and age to improve national representativeness. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is defined as a fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/l and/or on medication. Obesity is defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 . Random effects meta-regression was employed to assess time trends following logit transformation. Poisson regression from strata was used to assess the effects of mean BMI changes on Type 2 diabetes mellitus period trends. Over 1978-2013, Type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence increased from 1.2% to 19.6% in men (2.3% per 5 years), and from 2.2% to 19.5% in women (2.2% per 5 years). Obesity prevalence increased from 27.7% to 53.1% in men (3.6% per 5 years) and from 44.4% to 76.7% (4.5% per 5 years) in women. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity prevalences increased in all age groups. From period trends, Type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence in 2020 is projected to be 26% in men and women. Projected obesity prevalence is projected to be 59% in men and 81% in women. Type 2 diabetes mellitus period trends attributable to BMI increase are estimated as 31% (men) and 16% (women), after adjusting for age. This is the first study to produce trends of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in Samoa based on standardized data from population surveys. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is equally prevalent in both sexes, and obesity is widespread. Type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence in Samoa is likely to continue to increase in the near future. © 2016 The Authors. Diabetic Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Diabetes UK.

  2. Support vector machines for TEC seismo-ionospheric anomalies detection

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Akhoondzadeh, M.

    2013-02-01

    Using time series prediction methods, it is possible to pursue the behaviors of earthquake precursors in the future and to announce early warnings when the differences between the predicted value and the observed value exceed the predefined threshold value. Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are widely used due to their many advantages for classification and regression tasks. This study is concerned with investigating the Total Electron Content (TEC) time series by using a SVM to detect seismo-ionospheric anomalous variations induced by the three powerful earthquakes of Tohoku (11 March 2011), Haiti (12 January 2010) and Samoa (29 September 2009). The duration of TEC time series dataset is 49, 46 and 71 days, for Tohoku, Haiti and Samoa earthquakes, respectively, with each at time resolution of 2 h. In the case of Tohoku earthquake, the results show that the difference between the predicted value obtained from the SVM method and the observed value reaches the maximum value (i.e., 129.31 TECU) at earthquake time in a period of high geomagnetic activities. The SVM method detected a considerable number of anomalous occurrences 1 and 2 days prior to the Haiti earthquake and also 1 and 5 days before the Samoa earthquake in a period of low geomagnetic activities. In order to show that the method is acting sensibly with regard to the results extracted during nonevent and event TEC data, i.e., to perform some null-hypothesis tests in which the methods would also be calibrated, the same period of data from the previous year of the Samoa earthquake date has been taken into the account. Further to this, in this study, the detected TEC anomalies using the SVM method were compared to the previous results (Akhoondzadeh and Saradjian, 2011; Akhoondzadeh, 2012) obtained from the mean, median, wavelet and Kalman filter methods. The SVM detected anomalies are similar to those detected using the previous methods. It can be concluded that SVM can be a suitable learning method to detect the novelty changes of a nonlinear time series such as variations of earthquake precursors.

  3. 47 CFR 101.64 - Service areas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Commerce. The Commerce Department organizes the 50 States and the District of Columbia into 172 EAs... Islands; American Samoa and the Gulf of Mexico. A total of 175 authorizations (excluding the Gulf of...

  4. 47 CFR 101.64 - Service areas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Commerce. The Commerce Department organizes the 50 States and the District of Columbia into 172 EAs... Islands; American Samoa and the Gulf of Mexico. A total of 175 authorizations (excluding the Gulf of...

  5. 47 CFR 101.64 - Service areas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Commerce. The Commerce Department organizes the 50 States and the District of Columbia into 172 EAs... Islands; American Samoa and the Gulf of Mexico. A total of 175 authorizations (excluding the Gulf of...

  6. 47 CFR 101.64 - Service areas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Commerce. The Commerce Department organizes the 50 States and the District of Columbia into 172 EAs... Islands; American Samoa and the Gulf of Mexico. A total of 175 authorizations (excluding the Gulf of...

  7. 41 CFR 105-57.002 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... support being enforced by a State), the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the United States... amounts to GSA in satisfaction of a withholding order. (o) Hearing means a review of the documentary...

  8. 41 CFR 105-57.002 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... support being enforced by a State), the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the United States... amounts to GSA in satisfaction of a withholding order. (o) Hearing means a review of the documentary...

  9. 41 CFR 105-57.002 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... support being enforced by a State), the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the United States... amounts to GSA in satisfaction of a withholding order. (o) Hearing means a review of the documentary...

  10. 41 CFR 105-57.002 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... support being enforced by a State), the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the United States... amounts to GSA in satisfaction of a withholding order. (o) Hearing means a review of the documentary...

  11. 41 CFR 60-300.5 - Equal opportunity clause.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... hiring of any particular job applicants or from any particular group of job applicants, and nothing... Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands...

  12. 42 CFR 51d.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... government means the governing body of any Indian tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or community... Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Trust...

  13. 47 CFR 101.1401 - Service areas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES FIXED MICROWAVE... Estimates, September 2002, plus four FCC-defined DMA-like service areas. (a) Alaska—Balance of State (all...; and (d) American Samoa. ...

  14. 47 CFR 101.1401 - Service areas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES FIXED MICROWAVE... Estimates, September 2002, plus four FCC-defined DMA-like service areas. (a) Alaska—Balance of State (all...; and (d) American Samoa. ...

  15. 47 CFR 101.1401 - Service areas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES FIXED MICROWAVE... Estimates, September 2002, plus four FCC-defined DMA-like service areas. (a) Alaska—Balance of State (all...; and (d) American Samoa. ...

  16. 47 CFR 101.1401 - Service areas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES FIXED MICROWAVE... Estimates, September 2002, plus four FCC-defined DMA-like service areas. (a) Alaska—Balance of State (all...; and (d) American Samoa. ...

  17. 8 CFR 329.2 - Eligibility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... geographical territory of the United States, the Canal Zone, American Samoa, Midway Island (prior to August 21, 1959), or Swain's Island, or in the ports, harbors, bays, enclosed sea areas, or the three-mile...

  18. 8 CFR 329.2 - Eligibility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... States, the Canal Zone, American Samoa, Midway Island (prior to August 21, 1959), or Swain's Island, or in the ports, harbors, bays, enclosed sea areas, or the three-mile territorial sea along the coasts...

  19. 8 CFR 329.2 - Eligibility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... geographical territory of the United States, the Canal Zone, American Samoa, Midway Island (prior to August 21, 1959), or Swain's Island, or in the ports, harbors, bays, enclosed sea areas, or the three-mile...

  20. 8 CFR 329.2 - Eligibility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... geographical territory of the United States, the Canal Zone, American Samoa, Midway Island (prior to August 21, 1959), or Swain's Island, or in the ports, harbors, bays, enclosed sea areas, or the three-mile...

  1. 8 CFR 329.2 - Eligibility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... geographical territory of the United States, the Canal Zone, American Samoa, Midway Island (prior to August 21, 1959), or Swain's Island, or in the ports, harbors, bays, enclosed sea areas, or the three-mile...

  2. 50 CFR 216.93 - Tracking and verification program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... canning company in the 50 states, Puerto Rico, or American Samoa receives a domestic or imported shipment... short tons to the fourth decimal, ocean area of capture (ETP, western Pacific, Indian, eastern and...

  3. 50 CFR 216.93 - Tracking and verification program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... canning company in the 50 states, Puerto Rico, or American Samoa receives a domestic or imported shipment... short tons to the fourth decimal, ocean area of capture (ETP, western Pacific, Indian, eastern and...

  4. 40 CFR 62.1104 - Identification of sources.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., Contra Costa County Pulp Mill. (b) Louisiana Pacific Corp., Samoa Complex. (c) Crown Simpson Pulp Company, Fairhaven. (d) Simpson Paper Company, Shasta County Pulp Mill. [47 FR 47385, Oct. 26, 1982] Landfill Gas...

  5. 40 CFR 62.1104 - Identification of sources.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., Contra Costa County Pulp Mill. (b) Louisiana Pacific Corp., Samoa Complex. (c) Crown Simpson Pulp Company, Fairhaven. (d) Simpson Paper Company, Shasta County Pulp Mill. [47 FR 47385, Oct. 26, 1982] Landfill Gas...

  6. 50 CFR 665.13 - Permits and fees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... service incurred in processing the permit. The fee may not exceed such costs and is specified with each.... (ii) Mau Zone limited access permit. (iii) Coral reef ecosystem special permit. (iv) American Samoa...

  7. 50 CFR 665.13 - Permits and fees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... service incurred in processing the permit. The fee may not exceed such costs and is specified with each.... (ii) Mau Zone limited access permit. (iii) Coral reef ecosystem special permit. (iv) American Samoa...

  8. 50 CFR 665.13 - Permits and fees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... service incurred in processing the permit. The fee may not exceed such costs and is specified with each.... (ii) Mau Zone limited access permit. (iii) Coral reef ecosystem special permit. (iv) American Samoa...

  9. 75 FR 65647 - National Register of Historic Places; Notification of Pending Nominations and Related Actions

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-26

    .... Paul Loether, National Register of Historic Places/National Historic Landmarks Program. AMERICAN SAMOA...., Maiden's Alley, Cherry Alley, Mulberry Alley, Bardstown, 10000905 Todd County Woodstock, 6338 Clarksville...

  10. 75 FR 61816 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of Request for Extension of Currently Approved...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-06

    ... Friday, except Federal holidays. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Voucher for Federal-aid Reimbursements..., American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands. Frequency: Annually. Estimated Average Burden per Response: The...

  11. 75 FR 61816 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of Request for Extension of Currently Approved...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-06

    ... through Friday, except Federal holidays. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Preparation and Execution of... Mariana Islands, the Territories of Guam, the Virgin Islands and American Samoa. Frequency: Annually...

  12. 77 FR 3279 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Recovery Permit Applications

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-23

    ... with monitoring and population studies on Pacific islands nesting beaches (Midway Atoll, Johnston Atoll, Palmyra Atoll, Kingman Reef, Howland Island, Baker Island, Jarvis Island, Wake Island, American Samoa...

  13. 48 CFR 1426.7101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Americans are persons having origins in any of the original peoples of North America or the Hawaiian Islands...—persons having origins from Japan, China, the Philippines, Vietnam, Korea, Samoa, Guam, the U.S. Trust...

  14. 48 CFR 1426.7101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Americans are persons having origins in any of the original peoples of North America or the Hawaiian Islands...—persons having origins from Japan, China, the Philippines, Vietnam, Korea, Samoa, Guam, the U.S. Trust...

  15. 48 CFR 1426.7101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Americans are persons having origins in any of the original peoples of North America or the Hawaiian Islands...—persons having origins from Japan, China, the Philippines, Vietnam, Korea, Samoa, Guam, the U.S. Trust...

  16. 48 CFR 1426.7101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Americans are persons having origins in any of the original peoples of North America or the Hawaiian Islands...—persons having origins from Japan, China, the Philippines, Vietnam, Korea, Samoa, Guam, the U.S. Trust...

  17. 48 CFR 1426.7101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Americans are persons having origins in any of the original peoples of North America or the Hawaiian Islands...—persons having origins from Japan, China, the Philippines, Vietnam, Korea, Samoa, Guam, the U.S. Trust...

  18. Breastfeeding in Samoa: A Study to Explore Women's Knowledge and the Factors which Influence Infant Feeding Practices.

    PubMed

    Archer, Lucy E; Dunne, Thomas F; Lock, Lauren J; Price, Lucy A; Ahmed, Zubair

    2017-01-01

    A decline in breastfeeding rates in Samoa has been reported over the last century. To assess the length of time women breastfeed, their knowledge of both the advantages of and recommendations for breastfeeding, and the factors that influence their decisions to continue or discontinue breastfeeding, a questionnaire was distributed at Tupua Tamasese Meaole Hospital. One hundred and twenty-one eligible participants were included aged 18-50 years (mean age 28.2). Ninety percent of participants initiated breastfeeding, and the majority (78%) of babies were exclusively breastfed for at least the recommended 6 months. Many mothers introduced complementary (solid) foods later than World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nation's International Children's Fund (UNICEF) recommendations of 6 months. Awareness of the advantages of breastfeeding was mixed. The most widely known advantage was "the development of an emotional bond between mother and baby" (67%). Other advantages were less widely known. Only a small minority were aware that breastfeeding reduces risk of maternal diabetes and aids weight loss post partum. Doctors and healthcare workers were listed as the top factors encouraging breastfeeding. Participants' comments revealed a generally positive attitude towards breastfeeding, a very encouraging finding. Participants identified that the number of breastfeeding breaks available at work and the length of their maternity leave were factors discouraging breastfeeding. Future studies are necessary to determine if problems identified in this study are applicable on a national level. These could be important to determine measures to improve breastfeeding practices in Samoa.

  19. Assessing the vulnerability of infrastructure to climate change on the Islands of Samoa

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fakhruddin, S. H. M.

    2015-03-01

    Pacific Islanders have been exposed to risks associated with climate change. Samoa as one of the Pacific Islands are prone to climatic hazards that will likely increase in coming decades, affecting coastal communities and infrastructure around the islands. Climate models do not predict a reduction of such disaster events in the future in Samoa; indeed, most predict an increase in such events. This paper identifies key infrastructure and their functions and status in order to provide an overall picture of relative vulnerability to climate-related stresses of such infrastructure on the island. By reviewing existing reports as well as holding a series of consultation meetings, a list of critical infrastructures were developed and shared with stakeholders for their consideration. An indicator-based vulnerability model (SIVM) was developed in collaboration with stakeholders to assess the vulnerability of selected infrastructure systems on the Samoan Islands. Damage costs were extracted from the Evan cyclone recovery needs document. On the other hand, criticality and capacity to repair data were collected from stakeholders. Having stakeholder perspectives on these two issues was important because (a) criticality of a given infrastructure could be viewed differently among different stakeholders, and (b) stakeholders were the best available source (in this study) to estimate the capacity to repair non-physical damage to such infrastructure. Analysis of the results suggested rankings from most vulnerable to least vulnerable sectors are the transportation sector, the power sector, the water supply sector and the sewerage system.

  20. Assessing the vulnerability of infrastructure to climate change on the Islands of Samoa

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fakhruddin, S. H. M.; Babel, M. S.; Kawasaki, A.

    2015-06-01

    Pacific Islanders have been exposed to risks associated with climate change. Samoa, as one of the Pacific Islands, is prone to climatic hazards that will likely increase in the coming decades, affecting coastal communities and infrastructure around the islands. Climate models do not predict a reduction of such disaster events in the future in Samoa; indeed, most predict an increase. This paper identifies key infrastructure and their functions and status in order to provide an overall picture of relative vulnerability to climate-related stresses of such infrastructure on the island. By reviewing existing reports as well as holding a series of consultation meetings, a list of critical infrastructure was developed and shared with stakeholders for their consideration. An indicator-based vulnerability model (SIVM) was developed in collaboration with stakeholders to assess the vulnerability of selected infrastructure systems on the Samoan Islands. Damage costs were extracted from the Cyclone Evan recovery needs document. Additionally, data on criticality and capacity to repair damage were collected from stakeholders. Having stakeholder perspectives on these two issues was important because (a) criticality of a given infrastructure could be viewed differently among different stakeholders, and (b) stakeholders were the best available source (in this study) to estimate the capacity to repair non-physical damage to such infrastructure. Analysis of the results suggested a ranking of sectors from the most vulnerable to least vulnerable are: the transportation sector, the power sector, the water supply sector and the sewerage system.

  1. Enhanced surveillance for the Third United Nations Conference on Small Island Developing States, Apia, Samoa, September 2014.

    PubMed

    White, Paul; Saketa, Salanieta; Durand, Alexis; Vaai-Nielsen, Saine; Leong-Lui, Tile Ah; Naseri, Take; Matalima, Ailuai; Amosa, Filipina; Mercier, Alize; Lepers, Christelle; Lal, Vjesh; Wojcik, Richard; Lewis, Sheri; Roth, Adam; Souares, Yvan; Merilles, Onofre Edwin; Hoy, Damian

    2017-01-01

    The Ministry of Health in Samoa, in partnership with the Pacific Community, successfully implemented enhanced surveillance for the high-profile Third United Nations Conference on Small Island Developing States held concurrently with the popular local Teuila festival during a widespread chikungunya outbreak in September 2014. Samoa's weekly syndromic surveillance system was expanded to 12 syndromes and 10 sentinel sites from four syndromes and seven sentinel sites; sites included the national hospital, four private health clinics and three national health service clinics. Daily situation reports were produced and were disseminated through PacNet (the e-mail alert and communication tool of the Pacific Public Health Surveillance Network) together with daily prioritized line lists of syndrome activity to facilitate rapid response and investigation by the Samoan EpiNet team. Standard operating procedures for surveillance and response were introduced, together with a sustainability plan, including a monitoring and evaluation framework, to facilitate the transition of the mass gathering surveillance improvements to routine surveillance. The enhanced surveillance performed well, providing vital disease early warning and health security assurance. A total of 2386 encounters and 708 syndrome cases were reported. Influenza-like illness was the most frequently seen syndrome (17%). No new infectious disease outbreaks were recorded. The experience emphasized: (1) the need for a long lead time to pilot the surveillance enhancements and to maximize their sustainability; (2) the importance of good communication between key stakeholders; and (3) having sufficient staff dedicated to both surveillance and response.

  2. Risk and Protective Factors Affecting Sexual Risk Behavior Among School-Aged Adolescents in Fiji, Kiribati, Samoa, and Vanuatu.

    PubMed

    Peltzer, Karl; Pengpid, Supa

    2016-07-01

    There are limited studies on the prevalence and correlates of sexual risk behavior among adolescents in Pacific Island countries. In order to inform public sexual and reproductive health interventions, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and correlates of various sexual risk behaviors among in-school adolescents in 4 Pacific Island countries using data from the Global School-Based Health Survey. In a cross-sectional study, 6792 school-going adolescents (49.7% boys and 50.3% girls; 13-16 years old) from Fiji, Kiribati, Samoa, and Vanuatu were surveyed with a self-administered questionnaire. Overall, 18.9% of students reported to ever had sex (ranging from 12.9% in Vanuatu to 57.5% in Samoa), and of those sexually active, 38.0% had an early sexual debut (<14 years), 38.1% had 2 or more sexual partners during their lifetime, 39.5% had not used a condom at last sex, 50.9% had not used birth control at last sex, and 77.8% engaged in sexually risky behavior using a composite measure. Multivariate logistic regression found that male sex, older age, tobacco use, alcohol use, mental distress, having no close friends, and truancy were associated with several of 5 or all 5 sexual risk behaviors. Sexual and reproductive health promotion programs are indicated to address the high risk of sexually transmitted infection, HIV, and pregnancy in this adolescent population. © 2016 APJPH.

  3. Echocardiographic Screening of Rheumatic Heart Disease in American Samoa.

    PubMed

    Huang, Jennifer H; Favazza, Michael; Legg, Arthur; Holmes, Kathryn W; Armsby, Laurie; Eliapo-Unutoa, Ipuniuesea; Pilgrim, Thomas; Madriago, Erin J

    2018-01-01

    While rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a treatable disease nearly eradicated in the United States, it remains the most common form of acquired heart disease in the developing world. This study used echocardiographic screening to determine the prevalence of RHD in children in American Samoa. Screening took place at a subset of local schools. Private schools were recruited and public schools underwent cluster randomization based on population density. We collected survey information and performed a limited physical examination and echocardiogram using the World Heart Federation protocol for consented school children aged 5-18 years old. Of 2200 students from two private high schools and two public primary schools, 1058 subjects consented and were screened. Overall, 133 (12.9%) children were identified as having either definite (3.5%) or borderline (9.4%) RHD. Of the patients with definitive RHD, 28 subjects had abnormal mitral valves with pathologic regurgitation, three mitral stenosis, three abnormal aortic valves with pathologic regurgitation, and seven borderline mitral and aortic valve disease. Of the subjects with borderline disease, 77 had pathologic mitral regurgitation, 12 pathologic aortic regurgitation, and 7 at least two features of mitral valve disease without pathologic regurgitation or stenosis. Rheumatic heart disease remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The prevalence of RHD in American Samoa (12.9%) is to date the highest reported in the world literature. Echocardiographic screening of school children is feasible, while reliance on murmur and Jones criteria is not helpful in identifying children with RHD.

  4. Global health diplomacy, national integration, and regional development through the monitoring and evaluation of HIV/AIDS programs in Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, and Samoa.

    PubMed

    Kevany, Sebastian; Gildea, Amy; Garae, Caleb; Moa, Serafi; Lautusi, Avaia

    2015-04-27

    The South Pacific countries of Vanuatu, Samoa, and Papua New Guinea have ascended rapidly up the development spectrum in recent years, refining an independent and post-colonial economic and political identity that enhances their recognition on the world stage. All three countries have overcome economic, political and public health challenges in order to stake their claim to sovereignty. In this regard, the contributions of national and international programs for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS, with specific reference to their monitoring and evaluation (M&E) aspects, have contributed not just to public health, but also to broader political and diplomatic goals such as 'nation-building'. This perspective describes the specific contributions of global health programs to the pursuit of national integration, development, and regional international relations, in Vanuatu, Samoa and Papua New Guinea, respectively, based on in-country M&E activities on behalf of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis (TB) and Malaria and the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) during 2014 and 2015. Key findings include: (1) that global health programs contribute to non-health goals; (2) that HIV/AIDS programs promote international relations, decentralized development, and internal unity; (3) that arguments in favour of the maintenance and augmentation of global health funding may be enhanced on this basis; and (4) that "smart" global health approaches have been successful in South Pacific countries. © 2015 by Kerman University of Medical Sciences.

  5. 40 CFR 81.352 - American Samoa.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... noted. American Samoa—PM2.5 (Annual NAAQS) Designated area Designationa Date 1 Type Statewide: Eastern.../Attainment. Swains Island Unclassifiable/Attainment. Western District Unclassifiable/Attainment. a Includes...: Eastern District Unclassifiable/Attainment Unclassifiable/Attainment. Manu`a District Unclassifiable...

  6. 50 CFR 216.93 - Tracking and verification program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... in the 50 states, Puerto Rico, or American Samoa receives a domestic or imported shipment of ETP..., dressed, gilled and gutted, other), weight in short tons to the fourth decimal, ocean area of capture (ETP...

  7. 50 CFR 216.93 - Tracking and verification program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... in the 50 states, Puerto Rico, or American Samoa receives a domestic or imported shipment of ETP..., dressed, gilled and gutted, other), weight in short tons to the fourth decimal, ocean area of capture (ETP...

  8. 48 CFR 52.222-35 - Equal Opportunity for Veterans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... particular group of job applicants and is not intended to relieve the Contractor from any requirements of... of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands...

  9. 5 CFR 591.205 - Which areas are nonforeign areas?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... islands of the Samoa group east of longitude 171 degrees west of Greenwich, together with Swains Island...) Palmyra Atoll; (12) Territory of Guam; (13) United States Virgin Islands; (14) Wake Atoll; (15) Any small...

  10. 33 CFR 169.5 - How are terms used in this part defined?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Center means a center established by a SOLAS Contracting Government or a group of Contracting Governments... District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands...

  11. 50 CFR 665.99 - Area restrictions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (CONTINUED) FISHERIES IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC American Samoa Fisheries § 665.99 Area... are no-take MPAs: Landward of the 50 fm (91.5 m) curve around Rose Atoll, as depicted on National...

  12. 77 FR 27797 - Request for Certification of Compliance-Rural Industrialization Loan and Grant Program

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-11

    ... 4279-2) for the following: Applicant/Location: Samoa Tuna Processors, Inc. Principal Product/Purpose... improvements, replace machinery and equipment and utilities repairs and other upgrades. The plant will be...

  13. 77 FR 27798 - Request for Certification of Compliance-Rural Industrialization Loan and Grant Program

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-11

    ... 4279-2) for the following: Applicant/Location: Tri Marine Samoa, Inc. Principal Product/Purpose: The..., which includes building renovations and improvements, repairs and upgrades, construction of a processing...

  14. 5 CFR 591.205 - Which areas are nonforeign areas?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... islands of the Samoa group east of longitude 171 degrees west of Greenwich, together with Swains Island... guano islands, rocks, or keys that, in pursuance of action taken under the Act of Congress, August 18...

  15. 5 CFR 591.205 - Which areas are nonforeign areas?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... islands of the Samoa group east of longitude 171 degrees west of Greenwich, together with Swains Island... guano islands, rocks, or keys that, in pursuance of action taken under the Act of Congress, August 18...

  16. 5 CFR 591.205 - Which areas are nonforeign areas?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... islands of the Samoa group east of longitude 171 degrees west of Greenwich, together with Swains Island... guano islands, rocks, or keys that, in pursuance of action taken under the Act of Congress, August 18...

  17. 5 CFR 591.205 - Which areas are nonforeign areas?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... islands of the Samoa group east of longitude 171 degrees west of Greenwich, together with Swains Island... guano islands, rocks, or keys that, in pursuance of action taken under the Act of Congress, August 18...

  18. 77 FR 26734 - Notice of Intent To Extend a Currently Approved Information Collection

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-07

    ... American Samoa, Guam, Micronesia, Northern Marianas, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. The objectives of... practices; (2) youth group participants; and (3) staff. NEERS consists of separate software sub-systems for...

  19. 45 CFR 1150.1 - What definitions apply to the regulations in this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., a Sunday, or a Federal legal holiday. (f) Debt and claim are deemed synonymous and interchangeable... Samoa, Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Marina Islands, or the...

  20. 78 FR 63280 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Extension of an Approved Information Collection Request...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-23

    ... holidays. Instructions: All submissions must include the Agency name and docket number. For detailed..., Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and the U.S. Virgin...

  1. 36 CFR 1201.3 - What definitions apply to the regulations in this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Sunday, or a Federal legal holiday. Debt collection center means the Treasury or any other agency or... State); the District of Columbia; American Samoa; Guam; the United States Virgin Islands; the...

  2. 48 CFR 52.225-23 - Required Use of American Iron, Steel, and Manufactured Goods-Buy American Act-Construction...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Tanzania, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Yemen..., Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Tanzania, Togo...

  3. 48 CFR 52.225-23 - Required Use of American Iron, Steel, and Manufactured Goods-Buy American Act-Construction...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Tanzania, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Yemen..., Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Tanzania, Togo...

  4. 48 CFR 52.225-23 - Required Use of American Iron, Steel, and Manufactured Goods-Buy American Statute-Construction...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands... Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu...

  5. Community-driven Environmental Solutions in EPA’s Pacific Southwest Region

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This fact sheet describes accomplishments in community-driven environmental Solutions in EPA’s Pacific Southwest Region, including Imperial Valley (CA), American Samoa, Las Vegas Valley (NV), Gila River Indian Community (AZ) and Gilroy (CA).

  6. 77 FR 61426 - Rose Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, American Samoa; Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-09

    ... remote sensing system would be set up to monitor nesting seabirds, turtles, and other wildlife... for improved law enforcement oversight and compliance, and remote sensing would also provide better...

  7. 47 CFR 101.64 - Service areas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Islands; American Samoa and the Gulf of Mexico. A total of 175 authorizations (excluding the Gulf of Mexico EA-like area) will be issued for each channel block in the 39 GHz band. [64 FR 45893, Aug. 23...

  8. 32 CFR Appendix D to Part 45 - State Directors of Veterans Affairs

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., Department of Military & Veterans Affairs, 3601 C Street, suite 620, Anchorage, AK 99503. American Samoa..., Bureau for Veterans Affairs, Fort Indiantown Gap, Bldg 5-0-47, Annville, PA 17003-5002. Puerto Rico...

  9. 32 CFR Appendix D to Part 45 - State Directors of Veterans Affairs

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., Department of Military & Veterans Affairs, 3601 C Street, suite 620, Anchorage, AK 99503. American Samoa..., Bureau for Veterans Affairs, Fort Indiantown Gap, Bldg 5-0-47, Annville, PA 17003-5002. Puerto Rico...

  10. 32 CFR Appendix D to Part 45 - State Directors of Veterans Affairs

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., Department of Military & Veterans Affairs, 3601 C Street, suite 620, Anchorage, AK 99503. American Samoa..., Bureau for Veterans Affairs, Fort Indiantown Gap, Bldg 5-0-47, Annville, PA 17003-5002. Puerto Rico...

  11. 32 CFR Appendix D to Part 45 - State Directors of Veterans Affairs

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ..., Department of Military & Veterans Affairs, 3601 C Street, suite 620, Anchorage, AK 99503. American Samoa..., Bureau for Veterans Affairs, Fort Indiantown Gap, Bldg 5-0-47, Annville, PA 17003-5002. Puerto Rico...

  12. 20 CFR 625.30 - Appeal Procedures for Guam, American Samoa, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR DISASTER UNEMPLOYMENT ASSISTANCE § 625.30 Appeal... of referee. The Director of the Unemployment Insurance Service shall designate a referee of a State...

  13. 20 CFR 625.30 - Appeal Procedures for Guam, American Samoa, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR DISASTER UNEMPLOYMENT ASSISTANCE § 625.30 Appeal... of referee. The Director of the Unemployment Insurance Service shall designate a referee of a State...

  14. 77 FR 27797 - Request for Certification of Compliance-Rural Industrialization Loan and Grant Program

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-11

    ... 4279-2) for the following: Applicant/Location: Samoa Cold Storage, Inc. Principal Product/Purpose: The... demolition of the interior of the existing facility, renovations and improvements, repairs and upgrades and...

  15. Map showing locations and statistical parameters of beach and offshore sand samples, Tutuila Island, American Samoa

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Dingler, J.R.; Carlson, D.V.; Sallenger, A.H.

    1987-01-01

    In April 1985, sand samples were collected from many of the beaches on Tutuila Island, American Samoa, and in July 1985, three bays were surveyed using side-scan sonar and shallow seismic profiling. During that second trip, scuba divers collected sand samples from the surveyed areas. Dingler and others (1986) describes the study; this report presents the grain-size and composition data for the onshore and offshore sand samples. Locations of the onshore samples are plotted on the map of the island, which is reproduced from Normark and others (1985); locations of most of the offshore samples and side-scan sonar interpretations made during the study are plotted on enlargements (A and B, respectively) of Fagaitua and Nua-seetaga Bays. Lam Yuen (1981), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1980), and Sea Engineering Services Inc. (1980) provide additional information pertaining to the island's beaches.

  16. Atmospheric Baseline Monitoring Data Losses Due to the Samoa Earthquake

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Schnell, R. C.; Cunningham, M. C.; Vasel, B. A.; Butler, J. H.

    2009-12-01

    The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) operates an Atmospheric Baseline Observatory at Cape Matatula on the north-eastern point of American Samoa, opened in 1973. The manned observatory conducts continuous measurements of a wide range of climate forcing and atmospheric composition data including greenhouse gas concentrations, solar radiation, CFC and HFC concentrations, aerosols and ozone as well as less frequent measurements of many other parameters. The onset of September 29, 2009 earthquake is clearly visible in the continuous data streams in a variety of ways. The station electrical generator came online when the Samoa power grid failed so instruments were powered during and subsequent to the earthquake. Some instruments ceased operation in a spurt of spurious data followed by silence. Other instruments just stopped sending data abruptly when the shaking from the earthquake broke a data or power links, or an integral part of the instrument was damaged. Others survived the shaking but were put out of calibration. Still others suffered damage after the earthquake as heaters ran uncontrolled or rotating shafts continued operating in a damaged environment grinding away until they seized up or chewed a new operating space. Some instruments operated as if there was no earthquake, others were brought back online within a few days. Many of the more complex (and in most cases, most expensive) instruments will be out of service, some for at least 6 months or more. This presentation will show these results and discuss the impact of the earthquake on long-term measurements of climate forcing agents and other critical climate measurements.

  17. Stone tools from the ancient Tongan state reveal prehistoric interaction centers in the Central Pacific

    PubMed Central

    Clark, Geoffrey R.; Reepmeyer, Christian; Melekiola, Nivaleti; Woodhead, Jon; Dickinson, William R.; Martinsson-Wallin, Helene

    2014-01-01

    Tonga was unique in the prehistoric Pacific for developing a maritime state that integrated the archipelago under a centralized authority and for undertaking long-distance economic and political exchanges in the second millennium A.D. To establish the extent of Tonga’s maritime polity, we geochemically analyzed stone tools excavated from the central places of the ruling paramounts, particularly lithic artifacts associated with stone-faced chiefly tombs. The lithic networks of the Tongan state focused on Samoa and Fiji, with one adze sourced to the Society Islands 2,500 km from Tongatapu. To test the hypothesis that nonlocal lithics were especially valued by Tongan elites and were an important source of political capital, we analyzed prestate lithics from Tongatapu and stone artifacts from Samoa. In the Tongan state, 66% of worked stone tools were long-distance imports, indicating that interarchipelago connections intensified with the development of the Tongan polity after A.D. 1200. In contrast, stone tools found in Samoa were from local sources, including tools associated with a monumental structure contemporary with the Tongan state. Network analysis of lithics entering the Tongan state and of the distribution of Samoan adzes in the Pacific identified a centralized polity and the products of specialized lithic workshops, respectively. These results indicate that a significant consequence of social complexity was the establishment of new types of specialized sites in distant geographic areas. Specialized sites were loci of long-distance interaction and formed important centers for the transmission of information, people, and materials in prehistoric Oceania. PMID:25002481

  18. A Comparison of the Reproductive Output Among the Relatives of Samoan Androphilic Fa'afafine and Gynephilic Men.

    PubMed

    Semenyna, Scott W; Petterson, Lanna J; VanderLaan, Doug P; Vasey, Paul L

    2017-01-01

    The sexually antagonistic gene hypothesis (SAGH) for male androphilia posits that genes associated with androphilia (i.e., sexual attraction to adult males) will result in lowered reproduction when present in males, but increased reproduction when present in females. Findings derived from some Western European samples furnish support for the SAGH; however, results from studies conducted in other regions of the world have been more equivocal. Our previous research in Samoa indicated that the mothers as well as the maternal and paternal grandmothers of androphilic males (known locally as fa'afafine) exhibit elevated reproductive output when compared to the relatives of gynephilic men (i.e., males that are sexually attracted to adult females). The present replication study tested the SAGH in Samoa using a sample that was 122 % larger than the one previously studied by our group (VanderLaan, Forrester, Petterson, & Vasey, 2012). In line with the predictions of the SAGH, we hypothesized that the grandmothers, aunts, and mothers of fa'afafine would show elevated reproductive output compared to those of Samoan gynephilic men. Data were collected from 191 fa'afafine and 191 gynephilic men on the reproductive output of their paternal and maternal biological relatives (i.e., mothers, grandmothers, aunts, uncles). The mothers and maternal grandmothers of fa'afafine showed elevated reproductive output compared to those of gynephilic men. The paternal grandmother effect was not replicated. Although these results are consistent with the SAGH, a lack of difference in the reproductive output of aunts renders support for the SAGH in Samoa equivocal.

  19. Stone tools from the ancient Tongan state reveal prehistoric interaction centers in the Central Pacific

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Clark, Geoffrey R.; Reepmeyer, Christian; Melekiola, Nivaleti; Woodhead, Jon; Dickinson, William R.; Martinsson-Wallin, Helene

    2014-07-01

    Tonga was unique in the prehistoric Pacific for developing a maritime state that integrated the archipelago under a centralized authority and for undertaking long-distance economic and political exchanges in the second millennium A.D. To establish the extent of Tonga's maritime polity, we geochemically analyzed stone tools excavated from the central places of the ruling paramounts, particularly lithic artifacts associated with stone-faced chiefly tombs. The lithic networks of the Tongan state focused on Samoa and Fiji, with one adze sourced to the Society Islands 2,500 km from Tongatapu. To test the hypothesis that nonlocal lithics were especially valued by Tongan elites and were an important source of political capital, we analyzed prestate lithics from Tongatapu and stone artifacts from Samoa. In the Tongan state, 66% of worked stone tools were long-distance imports, indicating that interarchipelago connections intensified with the development of the Tongan polity after A.D. 1200. In contrast, stone tools found in Samoa were from local sources, including tools associated with a monumental structure contemporary with the Tongan state. Network analysis of lithics entering the Tongan state and of the distribution of Samoan adzes in the Pacific identified a centralized polity and the products of specialized lithic workshops, respectively. These results indicate that a significant consequence of social complexity was the establishment of new types of specialized sites in distant geographic areas. Specialized sites were loci of long-distance interaction and formed important centers for the transmission of information, people, and materials in prehistoric Oceania.

  20. Hematozoa of forest birds in American Samoa - Evidence for a diverse, indigenous parasite fauna from the South Pacific

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Atkinson, C.T.; Utzurrum, R.C.; Seamon, J.O.; Savage, Amy F.; Lapointe, D.A.

    2006-01-01

    Introduced avian diseases pose a significant threat to forest birds on isolated island archipelagos, especially where most passerines are endemic and many groups of blood-sucking arthropods are either absent or only recently introduced. We conducted a blood parasite survey of forest birds from the main islands of American Samoa to obtain baseline information about the identity, distribution and prevalence of hematozoan parasites in this island group. We examined Giemsa-stained blood smears from 857 individual birds representing 20 species on Tutuila, Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u islands. Four hematozoan parasites were identified - Plasmodium circumflexum (1%, 12/857), Trypanosoma avium (4%, 32/857), microfilaria (9%, 76/857), and an Atoxoplasma sp. (<1%, 2/857). Infections were found in seven indigenous bird species from the archipelago. Overall prevalence of infection varied significantly among bird species, individual islands, and between Tutuila and the more isolated Manu'a group of islands. Infections with Plasmodium, Trypanosoma, and filarial worms occurred throughout the archipelago, including islands without introduced birds. There was a statistically significant difference in the overall prevalence of infection before and after Hurricane Olaf in February 2005, suggesting that catastrophic hurricanes may influence the dynamics of parasite infections. Given the central location of American Samoa in the South Pacific, it is likely that avian malaria and other hematozoan parasites are indigenous and widespread at least as far as the central South Pacific. Their natural occurrence may provide some immunological protection to indigenous birds in the event that other closely related parasites are accidentally introduced to the region.

  1. Tracking Hadean processes in modern basalts with 142-Neodymium

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Horan, M. F.; Carlson, R. W.; Walker, R. J.; Jackson, M.; Garçon, M.; Norman, M.

    2018-02-01

    The short-lived 146Sm→142 Nd isotope system (t1/2 = 103 Ma) provides constraints on the timing and processes of terrestrial silicate fractionation during the early Hadean. Although some Archean terranes preserve variability in 142Nd/144Nd, no anomalies have been resolved previously in young rocks. This study provides high precision 142Nd/144Nd data on a suite of ocean island basalts from Samoa and Hawaii previously shown to have variable depletions in 182W/184W that are inversely correlated with 3He/4He ratios. Improved analytical techniques and multiple replicate analyses of Nd show a variation in μ142 Nd values between -1.3 and +2.7 in the suite, relative to the JNdi standard. Given the reproducibility of the standard (±2.9 ppm, 2 SD), two Samoan samples exhibit resolved variability in their 142Nd/144Nd ratios outside of their 95% confidence intervals, suggesting minor variability in the Samoan hotspot. One sample from Samoa has a higher μ142 Nd of +2.7, outside the 95% confidence interval (±1.0 ppm) of the average of the JNdi standard. Limited, but resolved, variation in 142Nd/144Nd within the suite suggests the preservation of early Hadean silicate differentiation in the sources of at least some basalts from Samoa. Larger variations of 182W/184W and 3He/4He ratios in the same samples suggest that metal-silicate separation and mantle outgassing left a more persistent imprint on the accessible mantle compared to 142Nd/144Nd ratios which are impacted by early silicate differentiation.

  2. Cardiac surgery in the Pacific Islands.

    PubMed

    Davis, Philip John; Wainer, Zoe; O'Keefe, Michael; Nand, Parma

    2011-12-01

    Rheumatic heart disease constitutes a significant disease burden in under-resourced communities. Recognition of the devastating impact of rheumatic heart disease has resulted in volunteer cardiac teams from Australasia providing surgical services to regions of need. The primary objective of this study was to compare New Zealand hospitals' volunteer cardiac surgical operative results in Samoa and Fiji with the accepted surgical mortality and morbidity rates for Australasia. A retrospective review from seven volunteer cardiac surgical trips to Samoa and Fiji from 2003 to 2009 was conducted. Patient data were retrospectively and prospectively collected. Preoperative morbidity and mortality risk were calculated using the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (euroSCORE). Audit data were collated in line with the Australasian Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons guidelines. One hundred and three operations were performed over 6 years. EuroSCORE predicted an operative mortality of 3.32%. In-hospital mortality was 0.97% and post-discharge mortality was 2.91%, resulting in a 30-day mortality of 3.88%. This study demonstrated that performing cardiac surgery in Fiji and Samoa is viable and safe. However, the mortality was slightly higher than predicted by euroSCORE. Difficulties exist in predicting mortality rates in patients with rheumatic heart disease from Pacific Island nations as known risk scoring models fail to be disease, ethnically or culturally inclusive. Audit processes and risk model development and assessment are an essential part of this complex surgical charity work and will result in improved patient selection and outcomes. © 2011 The Authors. ANZ Journal of Surgery © 2011 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.

  3. A rapid echocardiographic screening protocol for rheumatic heart disease in Samoa: a high prevalence of advanced disease.

    PubMed

    Allen, Marvin; Allen, John; Naseri, Take; Gardner, Rebecca; Tolley, Dennis; Allen, Lori

    2017-10-01

    Echocardiography has been proposed as a method to screen children for rheumatic heart disease. The World Heart Federation has established guidelines for echocardiographic screening. In this study, we describe a rapid echocardiogram screening protocol according to the World Heart Federation guidelines in Samoa, endemic for rheumatic heart disease. We performed echocardiogram screening in schoolchildren in Samoa between 2013 and 2015. A brief screening echocardiogram was performed on all students. Children with predefined criteria suspicious for rheumatic hear diseases were referred for a more comprehensive echocardiogram. Complete echocardiograms were classified according to the World Heart Federation guidelines and severity of valve disease. Echocardiographic screening was performed on 11,434 children, with a mean age of 10.2 years; 51% of them were females. A total of 558 (4.8%) children underwent comprehensive echocardiography, including 49 students who were randomly selected as controls. Definite rheumatic heart disease was observed in 115 students (10.0 per 1000): 92 students were classified as borderline (8.0 per 1000) and 23 with CHD. Advanced disease was identified in 50 students (4.4 per 1000): 15 with severe mitral regurgitation, five with severe aortic regurgitation, 11 with mitral stenoses, and 19 with mitral and aortic valve disease. We successfully applied a rapid echocardiographic screening protocol to a large number of students over a short time period - 28 days of screening over a 3-year time period - to identify a high prevalence of rheumatic heart disease. We also reported a significantly higher rate of advanced disease compared with previously published echocardiographic screening programmes.

  4. 45 CFR 2506.3 - What definitions apply to the regulations in this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... to take all appropriate actions to enforce collection of debts or groups of debts referred to FMS by... of Columbia; American Samoa; Guam; the United States Virgin Islands; the Commonwealth of the Northern...

  5. Brownfields Samoa Peninsula Project: Phase I Sustainable Site Analysis Final Report

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This report provides an analysis and scoring using the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, Neighborhood Development Rating System, and the Land and Natural Development Code in order to assess the proposed redevelopment a master plan.

  6. 75 FR 36619 - International Fisheries; South Pacific Tuna Fisheries; Procedures to Request Licenses and a...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-28

    ... Islands Forum Fisheries Agency (FFA), based in Honiara, Solomon Islands, which acts as the Treaty..., Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu. Treaty licenses are issued by the...

  7. 75 FR 74640 - International Fisheries; South Pacific Tuna Fisheries; Procedures To Request Licenses and a...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-01

    ... Honiara, Solomon Islands, which acts as the Treaty Administrator on behalf of the PIPs. Licenses are... Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu. [[Page 74641...

  8. 77 FR 51709 - International Fisheries; Western and Central Pacific Fisheries for Highly Migratory Species...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-27

    ... Adobe PDF file formats only. Copies of the RIR and the 2012 supplemental EA prepared under the authority..., Korea, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon...

  9. 42 CFR 435.1008 - FFP in expenditures for medical assistance for individuals who have declared United States...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA Federal Financial Participation Limitations on Ffp § 435.1008 FFP in... satisfactory documentary evidence of citizenship or national status, as described in § 435.407 that complies...

  10. 42 CFR 435.1008 - FFP in expenditures for medical assistance for individuals who have declared United States...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA Federal Financial Participation Limitations on Ffp § 435.1008 FFP in... satisfactory documentary evidence of citizenship or national status, as described in § 435.407 that complies...

  11. 42 CFR 435.1008 - FFP in expenditures for medical assistance for individuals who have declared United States...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA Federal Financial Participation Limitations on Ffp § 435.1008 FFP in... satisfactory documentary evidence of citizenship or national status, as described in § 435.407 that complies...

  12. 29 CFR 697.1 - Industry definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... companies, credit agencies other than banks, holding companies, other investment companies, collection... activities of employees of the Government of American Samoa. This industry does not include any employees of... activities. (c) Petroleum marketing. This industry shall include the wholesale marketing and distribution of...

  13. 76 FR 12847 - Public Road Mileage for Apportionment of Highway Safety Funds; Correction

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-09

    ... FHWA are from 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., e.t., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. SUPPLEMENTARY..., Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana...

  14. 77 FR 2558 - Identification of Foreign Countries Whose Nationals Are Eligible To Participate in the H-2A and H...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-18

    ... account the four factors identified above. The Secretary of Homeland Security also considered other... Romania Samoa Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa South Korea Spain Switzerland Tonga...

  15. 29 CFR 5.15 - Limitations, variations, tolerances, and exemptions under the Contract Work Hours and Safety...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Lands Act (ch. 345, 67 Stat. 462); American Samoa; Guam; Wake Island; Eniwetok Atoll; Kwajalein Atoll; and Johnston Island. (2) Agreements entered into by or on behalf of the Commodity Credit Corporation...

  16. 29 CFR 5.15 - Limitations, variations, tolerances, and exemptions under the Contract Work Hours and Safety...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Lands Act (ch. 345, 67 Stat. 462); American Samoa; Guam; Wake Island; Eniwetok Atoll; Kwajalein Atoll; and Johnston Island. (2) Agreements entered into by or on behalf of the Commodity Credit Corporation...

  17. 29 CFR 5.15 - Limitations, variations, tolerances, and exemptions under the Contract Work Hours and Safety...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Lands Act (ch. 345, 67 Stat. 462); American Samoa; Guam; Wake Island; Eniwetok Atoll; Kwajalein Atoll; and Johnston Island. (2) Agreements entered into by or on behalf of the Commodity Credit Corporation...

  18. 49 CFR 390.27 - Locations of motor carrier safety service centers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Boulevard, Suite 1700, Atlanta, GA 30345-3220. Western American Samoa, AK, AZ, CA, CO, Guam, HI, ID, Mariana... center, contact an FMCSA division (State) office in AK, ME, MI, MT, NY, ND, VT, or WA. Note 2: Mexican...

  19. 49 CFR 390.27 - Locations of motor carrier safety service centers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Boulevard, Suite 1700, Atlanta, GA 30345-3220. Western American Samoa, AK, AZ, CA, CO, Guam, HI, ID, Mariana... center, contact an FMCSA division (State) office in AK, ME, MI, MT, NY, ND, VT, or WA. Note 2: Mexican...

  20. 49 CFR 390.27 - Locations of motor carrier safety service centers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Boulevard, Suite 1700, Atlanta, GA 30345-3220. Western American Samoa, AK, AZ, CA, CO, Guam, HI, ID, Mariana... center, contact an FMCSA division (State) office in AK, ME, MI, MT, NY, ND, VT, or WA. Note 2: Mexican...

  1. 49 CFR 390.27 - Locations of motor carrier safety service centers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Century Boulevard, Suite 1700, Atlanta, GA 30345-3220. Western American Samoa, AK, AZ, CA, CO, Guam, HI... service center, contact a FMCSA division (State) office in AK, ME, MI, MT, NY, ND, VT, or WA. Note 2...

  2. 49 CFR 390.27 - Locations of motor carrier safety service centers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Century Boulevard, Suite 1700, Atlanta, GA 30345-3220. Western American Samoa, AK, AZ, CA, CO, Guam, HI... service center, contact a FMCSA division (State) office in AK, ME, MI, MT, NY, ND, VT, or WA. Note 2...

  3. 28 CFR 42.402 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Pacific Islands. This area includes, for example, China, Japan, Korea, the Philippine Islands, and Samoa... North America, and who maintain cultural identification through tribal affiliation or community... Europe, North Africa, or the Middle East. Additional sub-categories based on national origin or primary...

  4. 28 CFR 42.402 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Pacific Islands. This area includes, for example, China, Japan, Korea, the Philippine Islands, and Samoa... North America, and who maintain cultural identification through tribal affiliation or community... Europe, North Africa, or the Middle East. Additional sub-categories based on national origin or primary...

  5. 28 CFR 42.402 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Pacific Islands. This area includes, for example, China, Japan, Korea, the Philippine Islands, and Samoa... North America, and who maintain cultural identification through tribal affiliation or community... Europe, North Africa, or the Middle East. Additional sub-categories based on national origin or primary...

  6. 28 CFR 42.402 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Pacific Islands. This area includes, for example, China, Japan, Korea, the Philippine Islands, and Samoa... North America, and who maintain cultural identification through tribal affiliation or community... Europe, North Africa, or the Middle East. Additional sub-categories based on national origin or primary...

  7. 20 CFR 422.114 - Annual wage reporting process.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... employer's magnetic media wage reports have no social security numbers or incorrect employee names or... Section 422.114 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION ORGANIZATION AND PROCEDURES General... media reports. Special versions of these forms for Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands...

  8. 20 CFR 422.114 - Annual wage reporting process.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... employer's magnetic media wage reports have no social security numbers or incorrect employee names or... Section 422.114 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION ORGANIZATION AND PROCEDURES General... media reports. Special versions of these forms for Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands...

  9. 20 CFR 422.114 - Annual wage reporting process.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... employer's magnetic media wage reports have no social security numbers or incorrect employee names or... Section 422.114 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION ORGANIZATION AND PROCEDURES General... media reports. Special versions of these forms for Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands...

  10. 20 CFR 422.114 - Annual wage reporting process.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... employer's magnetic media wage reports have no social security numbers or incorrect employee names or... Section 422.114 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION ORGANIZATION AND PROCEDURES General... media reports. Special versions of these forms for Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands...

  11. 40 CFR 233.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., the District of Columbia, Guam, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Definitions. 233.2 Section 233.2 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) OCEAN DUMPING 404 STATE PROGRAM...

  12. 40 CFR 233.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., the District of Columbia, Guam, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Definitions. 233.2 Section 233.2 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) OCEAN DUMPING 404 STATE PROGRAM...

  13. 40 CFR 233.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., the District of Columbia, Guam, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 233.2 Section 233.2 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) OCEAN DUMPING 404 STATE PROGRAM...

  14. 40 CFR 233.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ..., the District of Columbia, Guam, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2012-07-01 2011-07-01 true Definitions. 233.2 Section 233.2 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) OCEAN DUMPING 404 STATE PROGRAM...

  15. 40 CFR 233.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., the District of Columbia, Guam, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definitions. 233.2 Section 233.2 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) OCEAN DUMPING 404 STATE PROGRAM...

  16. 5 CFR 950.101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., the United States Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, and... postal service. Federation or Federated Group means a group of voluntary charitable human health and... the group of Federal officials designated by the Director to conduct the CFC in a particular community...

  17. 20 CFR 422.114 - Annual wage reporting process.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... employer's magnetic media wage reports have no social security numbers or incorrect employee names or... Section 422.114 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION ORGANIZATION AND PROCEDURES General... media reports. Special versions of these forms for Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands...

  18. 14 CFR 152.403 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... East, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, or the Pacific Islands, including, but not limited to China, Japan, Korea, the Philippine Islands, and Samoa; or (4) American Indian or Alaskan Native: A... part; Underutilization means having fewer minorities or women in a particular job group than would...

  19. 14 CFR 152.403 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... East, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, or the Pacific Islands, including, but not limited to China, Japan, Korea, the Philippine Islands, and Samoa; or (4) American Indian or Alaskan Native: A... part; Underutilization means having fewer minorities or women in a particular job group than would...

  20. 50 CFR 665.801 - Permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... qualifying for, or renewing, limited access permits. In making such decision, the Administrator will review... American Samoa longline limited access permit initial permit decision, the Regional Administrator will... Hawaii longline limited access permit if that vessel is used: (1) To fish for western Pacific pelagic MUS...

  1. 29 CFR 511.17 - Records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... AMERICAN SAMOA § 511.17 Records. Each industry committee shall keep a journal recording the time and place... appointment of subcommittees. Subcommittees shall keep a similar journal. No report of committee or... staff shall transmit to the Administrator: (a) All committee and subcommittee journals; (b) All...

  2. The Role of Near-Shore Bathymetry During Tsunami Inundation in a Reef Island Setting: A Case Study of Tutuila Island

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dilmen, Derya I.; Roe, Gerard H.; Wei, Yong; Titov, Vasily V.

    2018-04-01

    On September 29, 2009 at 17:48 UTC, an M w = 8.1 earthquake in the Tonga Trench generated a tsunami that caused heavy damage across Samoa, American Samoa, and Tonga. One of the worst hits was the volcanic island of Tutuila in American Samoa. Tutuila has a typical tropical island bathymetry setting influenced by coral reefs, and so the event provided an opportunity to evaluate the relationship between tsunami dynamics and the bathymetry in that typical island environment. Previous work has come to differing conclusions regarding how coral reefs affect tsunami dynamics through their influence on bathymetry and dissipation. This study presents numerical simulations of this event with a focus on two main issues: first, how roughness variations affect tsunami run-up and whether different values of Manning's roughness parameter, n, improve the simulated run-up compared to observations; and second, how depth variations in the shelf bathymetry with coral reefs control run-up and inundation on the island coastlines they shield. We find that no single value of n provides a uniformly good match to all observations; and we find substantial bay-to-bay variations in the impact of varying n. The results suggest that there are aspects of tsunami wave dissipation which are not captured by a simplified drag formulation used in shallow-water waves model. The study also suggests that the primary impact of removing the near-shore bathymetry in coral reef environment is to reduce run-up, from which we conclude that, at least in this setting, the impact of the near-shore bathymetry is to increase run-up and inundation.

  3. Leptospirosis in American Samoa – Estimating and Mapping Risk Using Environmental Data

    PubMed Central

    Lau, Colleen L.; Clements, Archie C. A.; Skelly, Chris; Dobson, Annette J.; Smythe, Lee D.; Weinstein, Philip

    2012-01-01

    Background The recent emergence of leptospirosis has been linked to many environmental drivers of disease transmission. Accurate epidemiological data are lacking because of under-diagnosis, poor laboratory capacity, and inadequate surveillance. Predictive risk maps have been produced for many diseases to identify high-risk areas for infection and guide allocation of public health resources, and are particularly useful where disease surveillance is poor. To date, no predictive risk maps have been produced for leptospirosis. The objectives of this study were to estimate leptospirosis seroprevalence at geographic locations based on environmental factors, produce a predictive disease risk map for American Samoa, and assess the accuracy of the maps in predicting infection risk. Methodology and Principal Findings Data on seroprevalence and risk factors were obtained from a recent study of leptospirosis in American Samoa. Data on environmental variables were obtained from local sources, and included rainfall, altitude, vegetation, soil type, and location of backyard piggeries. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to investigate associations between seropositivity and risk factors. Using the multivariable models, seroprevalence at geographic locations was predicted based on environmental variables. Goodness of fit of models was measured using area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic, and the percentage of cases correctly classified as seropositive. Environmental predictors of seroprevalence included living below median altitude of a village, in agricultural areas, on clay soil, and higher density of piggeries above the house. Models had acceptable goodness of fit, and correctly classified ∼84% of cases. Conclusions and Significance Environmental variables could be used to identify high-risk areas for leptospirosis. Environmental monitoring could potentially be a valuable strategy for leptospirosis control, and allow us to move from disease surveillance to environmental health hazard surveillance as a more cost-effective tool for directing public health interventions. PMID:22666516

  4. The Role of Near-Shore Bathymetry During Tsunami Inundation in a Reef Island Setting: A Case Study of Tutuila Island

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dilmen, Derya I.; Roe, Gerard H.; Wei, Yong; Titov, Vasily V.

    2018-02-01

    On September 29, 2009 at 17:48 UTC, an M w = 8.1 earthquake in the Tonga Trench generated a tsunami that caused heavy damage across Samoa, American Samoa, and Tonga. One of the worst hits was the volcanic island of Tutuila in American Samoa. Tutuila has a typical tropical island bathymetry setting influenced by coral reefs, and so the event provided an opportunity to evaluate the relationship between tsunami dynamics and the bathymetry in that typical island environment. Previous work has come to differing conclusions regarding how coral reefs affect tsunami dynamics through their influence on bathymetry and dissipation. This study presents numerical simulations of this event with a focus on two main issues: first, how roughness variations affect tsunami run-up and whether different values of Manning's roughness parameter, n, improve the simulated run-up compared to observations; and second, how depth variations in the shelf bathymetry with coral reefs control run-up and inundation on the island coastlines they shield. We find that no single value of n provides a uniformly good match to all observations; and we find substantial bay-to-bay variations in the impact of varying n. The results suggest that there are aspects of tsunami wave dissipation which are not captured by a simplified drag formulation used in shallow-water waves model. The study also suggests that the primary impact of removing the near-shore bathymetry in coral reef environment is to reduce run-up, from which we conclude that, at least in this setting, the impact of the near-shore bathymetry is to increase run-up and inundation.

  5. American Samoa, Shaded Relief and Colored Height

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2009-10-01

    The topography of Tutuila, largest of the islands of American Samoa, is well shown in this color-coded perspective view generated with digital elevation data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM.) The total area of Tutuila is about 141.8 square kilometers (54.8 square miles), slightly larger than San Francisco. The large bay near the center in this view is Pago Pago Harbor, actually a submerged volcanic crater whose south wall collapsed millions of years ago. Adjacent to the harbor is Pago Pago, the capital of American Samoa, and to the left (west) of the harbor in this view is Matafao Peak, Tutuila’s highest point at 653 meters (2,142 feet). On September 29, 2009, a tsunami generated by a major undersea earthquake located about 200 kilometers (120 miles) southwest of Tutuila inundated the more heavily populated southern coast of the island with an ocean surge more than 3 meters (10 feet) deep, causing scores of casualties. Digital topographic data such as those produced by SRTM aid researchers and planners in predicting which coastal regions are at the most risk from such waves, as well as from the more common storm surges caused by tropical storms and even sea level rise. Two visualization methods were combined to produce the image: shading and color coding of topographic height. The shaded image was derived by computing topographic slope in the northeast-southwest direction, so that northeast slopes appear bright and southwest slopes appear dark. Color coding is directly related to topographic height, with green at the lower elevations, rising through yellow and tan, to white at the highest elevations. The image was then projected using the elevation data to produce this perspective view, with the topography exaggerated by a factor of two. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA11965

  6. 75 FR 14571 - Western Pacific Fishery Management Council; Public Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-26

    ... for bottomfish, coral reef, precious coral and crustacean fisheries. Reports will be provided on... Archipelago Fishery Ecosystem Plan Annual Report Modules for bottomfish, coral reef, precious coral and..., sea turtle interaction mitigation in the American Samoa longline Fishery, DMWR coral reef ecosystem...

  7. 42 CFR 435.406 - Citizenship and alienage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA General Eligibility Requirements § 435.406 Citizenship and alienage. (a) The... national of the United States; and (ii) The individual has provided satisfactory documentary evidence of... qualified aliens subject to the 5-year bar) who have provided satisfactory documentary evidence of Qualified...

  8. 42 CFR 435.406 - Citizenship and alienage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA General Eligibility Requirements § 435.406 Citizenship and alienage. (a) The... national of the United States; and (ii) The individual has provided satisfactory documentary evidence of... qualified aliens subject to the 5-year bar) who have provided satisfactory documentary evidence of Qualified...

  9. 42 CFR 435.406 - Citizenship and alienage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA General Eligibility Requirements § 435.406 Citizenship and alienage. (a) The... national of the United States; and (ii) The individual has provided satisfactory documentary evidence of... qualified aliens subject to the 5-year bar) who have provided satisfactory documentary evidence of Qualified...

  10. 42 CFR 435.406 - Citizenship and alienage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA General Eligibility Requirements § 435.406 Citizenship and alienage. (a) The... national of the United States; and (ii) The individual has provided satisfactory documentary evidence of... qualified aliens subject to the 5-year bar) who have provided satisfactory documentary evidence of Qualified...

  11. 42 CFR 435.1002 - FFP for services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false FFP for services. 435.1002 Section 435.1002 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED..., AND AMERICAN SAMOA Federal Financial Participation Ffp in Expenditures for Determining Eligibility and...

  12. 42 CFR 435.1002 - FFP for services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false FFP for services. 435.1002 Section 435.1002 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED..., AND AMERICAN SAMOA Federal Financial Participation Ffp in Expenditures for Determining Eligibility and...

  13. 42 CFR 435.1002 - FFP for services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false FFP for services. 435.1002 Section 435.1002 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED..., AND AMERICAN SAMOA Federal Financial Participation Ffp in Expenditures for Determining Eligibility and...

  14. 42 CFR 435.1002 - FFP for services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false FFP for services. 435.1002 Section 435.1002 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED..., AND AMERICAN SAMOA Federal Financial Participation Ffp in Expenditures for Determining Eligibility and...

  15. 42 CFR 435.1002 - FFP for services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false FFP for services. 435.1002 Section 435.1002 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED..., AND AMERICAN SAMOA Federal Financial Participation Ffp in Expenditures for Determining Eligibility and...

  16. 40 CFR 49.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., or other organized group or community, including any Alaska Native village, which is federally... of their status as Indians. (d) Indian Tribe Consortium or Tribal Consortium means a group of two or..., the Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa and includes the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana...

  17. Profile of Pacific Higher Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Research and Development Cadre, Honolulu, HI.

    Comparative data concerning institutions of higher education in the Pacific Islands are tabulated and summarized to aid in program planning, development, and implementation in that region. The jurisdictions covered are: American Samoa; Palau; the Northern Mariana Islands; Micronesia; Kosrae; Pohnpei; Truk; Yap; Guam; Hawaii; and the Marshall…

  18. 40 CFR 62.1104 - Identification of sources.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Section 62.1104 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS..., Contra Costa County Pulp Mill. (b) Louisiana Pacific Corp., Samoa Complex. (c) Crown Simpson Pulp Company, Fairhaven. (d) Simpson Paper Company, Shasta County Pulp Mill. [47 FR 47385, Oct. 26, 1982] Landfill Gas...

  19. 40 CFR 62.1104 - Identification of sources.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Section 62.1104 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS..., Contra Costa County Pulp Mill. (b) Louisiana Pacific Corp., Samoa Complex. (c) Crown Simpson Pulp Company, Fairhaven. (d) Simpson Paper Company, Shasta County Pulp Mill. [47 FR 47385, Oct. 26, 1982] Landfill Gas...

  20. 40 CFR 62.1104 - Identification of sources.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Section 62.1104 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS..., Contra Costa County Pulp Mill. (b) Louisiana Pacific Corp., Samoa Complex. (c) Crown Simpson Pulp Company, Fairhaven. (d) Simpson Paper Company, Shasta County Pulp Mill. [47 FR 47385, Oct. 26, 1982] Landfill Gas...

  1. Ietoga: Samoan Educators' Educational Journeys

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    O'Regan, Bridget

    2006-01-01

    This thesis explores how a group of senior educators in Samoa undertook their educational journeys. It also traces my cultural and research learning journeys and the pathways I followed as a "palagi" (white person) undertaking cross-cultural research. A holistic and collaborative approach entailed consultation with the community…

  2. 50 CFR 665.141 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Definitions. As used in §§ 665.140 through 665.159: American Samoa crustacean management unit species means the following crustaceans: Samoan name English common name Scientific name Ula spiny lobster Panulirus.... deepwater shrimp Heterocarpus spp. Crustacean Permit Area 3 (Permit Area 3) includes the EEZ around American...

  3. 50 CFR 665.141 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Definitions. As used in §§ 665.140 through 665.159: American Samoa crustacean management unit species means the following crustaceans: Samoan name English common name Scientific name Ula spiny lobster Panulirus.... deepwater shrimp Heterocarpus spp. Crustacean Permit Area 3 (Permit Area 3) includes the EEZ around American...

  4. 50 CFR 665.141 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Definitions. As used in §§ 665.140 through 665.159: American Samoa crustacean management unit species means the following crustaceans: Samoan name English common name Scientific name Ula spiny lobster Panulirus.... deepwater shrimp Heterocarpus spp. Crustacean Permit Area 3 (Permit Area 3) includes the EEZ around American...

  5. 40 CFR 52.2821 - Classification of regions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Classification of regions. The American Samoa plan was evaluated on the basis of the following classifications... 40 Protection of Environment 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Classification of regions. 52.2821 Section 52.2821 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS...

  6. 40 CFR 52.2821 - Classification of regions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Classification of regions. The American Samoa plan was evaluated on the basis of the following classifications... 40 Protection of Environment 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Classification of regions. 52.2821 Section 52.2821 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS...

  7. 76 FR 74747 - Western and Central Pacific Fisheries for Highly Migratory Species; 2011 Bigeye Tuna Longline...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-01

    ... expects that the fishery will reach the limit by the date specified in the temporary rule. DATES: The... Pacific to American Samoa. As a result, NMFS no longer expects that the fishery will reach the 2011 catch...

  8. Meningococcal Infections - Multiple Languages

    MedlinePlus

    ... Pohnpeian (Mahsen en Pohnpei) Polish (polski) Portuguese (português) Punjabi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) Russian (Русский) Samoan (Gagana Samoa) Somali ( ... Portuguese) PDF Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Punjabi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) Expand Section Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) -- ...

  9. Meningitis - Multiple Languages

    MedlinePlus

    ... Pohnpeian (Mahsen en Pohnpei) Polish (polski) Portuguese (português) Punjabi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) Russian (Русский) Samoan (Gagana Samoa) Somali ( ... Portuguese) PDF Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Punjabi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) Expand Section Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) -- ...

  10. HPV - Multiple Languages

    MedlinePlus

    ... Afan Oromoo) Pohnpeian (Mahsen en Pohnpei) Portuguese (português) Punjabi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) Russian (Русский) Samoan (Gagana Samoa) Somali ( ... Portuguese) PDF Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Punjabi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) Expand Section Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) -- ...

  11. 50 CFR 665.800 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... paucus. salmon shark Lamna ditropis. Other pelagic fishes: mahimahi (dolphinfish) Coryphaena spp. Wahoo... American Samoa to fish for western Pacific pelagic MUS using longline gear or to land or transship western... light that is affixed underwater to the longline gear. Fish dealer means any person who: (1) Obtains...

  12. 14 CFR 152.403 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... East, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, or the Pacific Islands, including, but not limited to China, Japan, Korea, the Philippine Islands, and Samoa; or (4) American Indian or Alaskan Native: A... Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of...

  13. Birds in Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park: Summary of the 2010 inventory and monitoring program survey

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Camp, Richard J.; Judge, Seth W.; Hart, Patrick J.; Kudray, Greg; Gaudioso, Jacqueline M.; Hsu, Bobby H.

    2012-01-01

    The National Park Service (NPS) created the Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) Program in 1998 to establish baseline information and assess long-term trends in "vital signs" or key abiotic and biotic elements of National Parks (Fancy et al. 2009). The Pacific Island Network of the I&M Program developed a Landbirds Monitoring Protocol (LMP; Camp et al. 2011) to estimate species-specific status and monitor longterm trends in landbird distribution and abundance. Parks included in the LMP that harbor habitat critically important to native forest birds are Haleakala National Park (Maui Island), Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park (HAVO; Hawai'i Island), and the National Park of American Samoa (American Samoa). In 2010, the LMP was implemented in HAVO to survey landbird density and abundance. This implementation was the first anywhere in the Pacific Islands by the I&M Program, and continued monitoring is planned every five years in all three parks.

  14. Lactose malabsorption in Polynesian and white children in the south west Pacific studied by breath hydrogen technique.

    PubMed Central

    Seakins, J M; Elliott, R B; Quested, C M; Matatumua, A

    1987-01-01

    Lactose malabsorption was studied by a breath hydrogen technique in 139 Samoan and 68 white schoolchildren. The Samoans were studied in four locations, two in Western Samoa and two in New Zealand, and the white children in both the Cook Islands and New Zealand. The prevalence of malabsorption varied with location: for Samoans it ranged from 41% to 60% in Western Samoa and 0% to 35% in New Zealand; white children had rates of 27% in the Cook Islands and 5% in New Zealand. Environmental factors rather than genetic factors are likely to play the main part in initiating if not perpetuating lactose malabsorption. In both races lactose malabsorption had no effect on the acceptance of, consumption of, and number of gastrointestinal symptoms caused by milk and milk biscuits. Children who had symptoms after consuming a particular dairy product were more likely to say they disliked it than those who reported no symptoms. PMID:3119083

  15. A cluster of Zika virus infection in a Chinese tour group returning from Fiji and Samoa

    PubMed Central

    Sun, Jimin; Fu, Tao; Mao, Haiyan; Wang, Zhen; Pan, Junhang; Rutherford, Shannon; Ren, Jiangping; Dong, Xuanjun; Chen, Yin; Zhu, Zhihong; Qi, Xiaohua; Gong, Zhenyu; Liu, Qiyong; Yu, Hongjie; Zhu, Liebo; Chen, Wenxian; Chen, Zhiping; Zhang, Yanjun; Chen, Enfu

    2017-01-01

    Zika virus is currently causing extensive outbreaks in a number of countries in South and Central America and the Caribbean and has been associated with foetal abnormalities. We report an outbreak of Zika virus infection in a Chinese tour-group returning from a nine day holiday in Fiji and Samoa. The index case was a 38-year old male who developed symptoms while travelling back from Fiji to Hong Kong on the 14th February, 2016. A field investigation was initiated to define the epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of Zika virus infection in this tour group and revealed two further symptomatic infections and one asymptomatic infection among the 33 travellers; an overall infection attack rate of 12% in these travellers. Active surveillance led to detection of Zika virus RNA in the serum of one case four days prior to onset of symptoms and detection of Zika virus in saliva from one asymptomatic infection.

  16. Assessing transmission of lymphatic filariasis using parasitologic, serologic, and entomologic tools after mass drug administration in American Samoa.

    PubMed

    Mladonicky, Janice M; King, Jonathan D; Liang, Jennifer L; Chambers, Eric; Pa'au, Molisamoa; Schmaedick, Mark A; Burkot, Thomas R; Bradley, Mark; Lammie, Patrick J

    2009-05-01

    Assessing the interruption of lymphatic filariasis transmission after annual mass drug administration (MDA) requires a better understanding of how to interpret results obtained with the available diagnostic tools. We conducted parasitologic, serologic, and entomologic surveys in three villages in American Samoa after sentinel site surveys suggested filarial antigen prevalence was < 1% after five annual MDAs with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole. Antigen and antifilarial antibody prevalence ranged from 3.7% to 4.6% and from 12.5% to 14.9%, respectively, by village. Only one person was microfilaria positive. Although no children less than 10 years of age were antigen positive, antifilarial antibody prevalence in this age group was 5.1% and antibody-positive children were detected in all three villages. Wuchereria bancrofti-infected mosquitoes were also detected in all three villages. Thus, monitoring of infections in mosquitoes and antifilarial antibody levels in children may serve as indicators of local transmission and be useful for making decisions about program endpoints.

  17. Cervical and Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection in Adult Women in American Samoa

    PubMed Central

    Hernandez, Brenda Y.; Ka’opua, Lana S.; Scanlan, Luana; Ah Ching, John; Kamemoto, Lori E.; Thompson, Pamela J.; Zhu, Xuemei; Shvetsov, Yurii B.; Tofaeono, Jennifer; Williams, Victor Tofaeono

    2015-01-01

    The prevalence of cervical and anal human papillomavirus (HPV) and risk factors associated with infections were evaluated in a cross-sectional study of 211 adult women in American Samoa. Overall, 53% of women reported ever having a Pap smear. Cervical and anal HPV was detected in 10% and 16% of women, respectively; 4% of women had concurrent cervical and anal HPV. The most common cervical genotypes were HPV 6, HPV 16, and HPV 53. Cutaneous HPV types were detected in 40% of anal infections. Cervical HPV infection was associated with anal HPV (age-adjusted odds ratio = 3.32, 1.10–10.00). After age adjustment, cervical HPV was associated with being unmarried, postsecondary education, hot running water at home, multiple sexual partners, nulliparity, condom use, and other contraceptive methods. In multivariate analyses, only age remained associated with cervical HPV and anal HPV. Cervical and anal HPV was more prevalent among younger women; only anal HPV was detected in older women. PMID:22652246

  18. A new coccidian parasite, Isospora samoaensis, from the Wattled Honeyeater (Foulehaio carunculata) from American Samoa

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Adamczyk, Kelly J.; McQuistion, Thomas E.; LaPointe, Dennis

    2004-01-01

    A new species of Isospora is described from the feces of the wattled honeyeater, Foulehaio carunculata from American Samoa. Numerous oocysts of similar morphology were found in a single adult wattled honeyeater. Sporulated oocysts are ovoid, 28.9 × 26.1 (25-32 × 23-30) µm, with a smooth, colorless, bilayered wall; the inner wall is slightly thicker and darker than the outer wall. The average shape index is 1.1. No micropyle or oocyst residuum are present but the oocyst contains one or two ovoid polar granules. Sporocysts are ovoid, 17.1 × 10.9 (16-18 × 10-11) µm with a smooth single layered wall and an average shape index of 1.6. The Stieda body is broad, dome-like with a rather rectangular-shaped substieda body. Within the sporocyst is a large amorphous residuum composed of coarse granules and 4 randomly arranged, sausage-shaped sporozoites with a subspherical, posterior refractile body and a centrally located nucleus.

  19. Benthic habitat map of U.S. Coral Reef Task Force Faga‘alu Bay priority study area, Tutuila, American Samoa

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Cochran, Susan A.; Gibbs, Ann E.; D'Antonio, Nicole L.; Storlazzi, Curt D.

    2016-05-18

    The coral reef in Faga‘alu Bay, Tutuila, American Samoa, has suffered numerous natural and anthropogenic stresses. Areas once dominated by live coral are now mostly rubble surfaces covered with turf or macroalgae. In an effort to improve the health and resilience of the coral reef system, the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force selected Faga‘alu Bay as a priority study area. To support these efforts, the U.S. Geological Survey mapped nearly 1 km2 of seafloor to depths of about 60 m. Unconsolidated sediment (predominantly sand) constitutes slightly greater than 50 percent of the seafloor in the mapped area; reef and other hardbottom potentially available for coral recruitment constitute nearly 50 percent of the mapped area. Of this potentially available hardbottom, only slightly greater than 37 percent is covered with at least 10 percent coral, which is fairly evenly distributed between the reef flat, fore reef, and offshore bank/shelf. 

  20. 45 CFR 96.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION BLOCK GRANTS Introduction § 96.2 Definitions... appropriate with respect to each block grant, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and for purposes of the block grants...

  1. 40 CFR 52.2823 - Original identification of plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Original identification of plan. 52... (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) American Samoa § 52.2823 Original identification of plan. (a) This section identified the original “Implementation Plan for Compliance With the...

  2. 42 CFR 435.510 - Determination of dependency.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Determination of dependency. 435.510 Section 435... ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA Categorical Requirements for Eligibility Dependency § 435.510 Determination of dependency. For families with dependent children who are not receiving AFDC, the agency must use the...

  3. 42 CFR 435.510 - Determination of dependency.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Determination of dependency. 435.510 Section 435... ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA Categorical Requirements for Eligibility Dependency § 435.510 Determination of dependency. For families with dependent children who are not receiving AFDC, the agency must use the...

  4. 42 CFR 435.510 - Determination of dependency.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Determination of dependency. 435.510 Section 435... ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA Categorical Requirements for Eligibility Dependency § 435.510 Determination of dependency. For families with dependent children who are not receiving AFDC, the agency must use the...

  5. 42 CFR 435.510 - Determination of dependency.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Determination of dependency. 435.510 Section 435... ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA Categorical Requirements for Eligibility Dependency § 435.510 Determination of dependency. For families with dependent children who are not receiving AFDC, the agency must use the...

  6. 42 CFR 435.510 - Determination of dependency.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Determination of dependency. 435.510 Section 435... ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA Categorical Requirements for Eligibility Dependency § 435.510 Determination of dependency. For families with dependent children who are not receiving AFDC, the agency must use the...

  7. 12 CFR 1070.2 - General definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... means any documentary material, written report, or answers to questions, tangible thing, or transcript... demand material; and (2) Any documentary material prepared by, on behalf of, received by, or for the use..., Guam, American Samoa, or the United States Virgin Islands or any Federally recognized Indian tribe, as...

  8. Sustainable Approaches for Materials Management in Remote, Economically Challenged Areas of the Pacific

    EPA Science Inventory

    Remote, economically challenged areas in the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands (CNMI) and American Samoa in the US Pacific island territories face unique challenges with respect to solid waste management. These islands are remote and isolated, with some islands suppo...

  9. 42 CFR 411.101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Under Group Health Plans: General Provisions § 411.101 Definitions. As used in this subpart and in... individual States, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, and... taxes on employers and employees under section 21 of the Internal Revenue Code. Group health plan (GHP...

  10. 41 CFR 102-36.300 - How do we report the furnishing of personal property to non-federal recipients?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Federated States of Micronesia, the... recipient, by type of property (two-digit FSC groups). [65 FR 31218, May 16, 2000, as amended at 71 FR 53572...

  11. 50 CFR 665.98 - Management area.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 13 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Management area. 665.98 Section 665.98 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION... Management area. The American Samoa fishery management area is the EEZ seaward of the Territory of American...

  12. 50 CFR 665.98 - Management area.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Management area. 665.98 Section 665.98 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION... Management area. The American Samoa fishery management area is the EEZ seaward of the Territory of American...

  13. 50 CFR 665.98 - Management area.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 13 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Management area. 665.98 Section 665.98 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION... Management area. The American Samoa fishery management area is the EEZ seaward of the Territory of American...

  14. 50 CFR 665.98 - Management area.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 13 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Management area. 665.98 Section 665.98 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION... Management area. The American Samoa fishery management area is the EEZ seaward of the Territory of American...

  15. 12 CFR 790.2 - Central and regional office organization.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Road, Suite 5200, Austin, TX 78759-8490. V Alaska, Arizona, American Samoa, Colorado, Guam, Hawaii... management of conservatorships. The address of AMAC is 4807 Spicewood Springs Road, Suite 5100, Austin, Texas... developing and conducting research in support of NCUA programs, and for preparing reports on research...

  16. 78 FR 53497 - Uniform Procedures for State Highway Safety Grant Programs

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-29

    ...., Eastern Time, Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. Whichever way you submit your comments... holidays. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Barbara Sauers, Program Manager, National Highway Traffic Safety... Columbia, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana...

  17. 76 FR 19177 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of Request for Extension of Currently Approved...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-06

    ..., except Federal holidays. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Greg Wolf, 202-366-4655, Department of...., Washington, DC 20590, Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title..., American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands. Estimated Average Annual Burden: The...

  18. 29 CFR 511.10 - Subjects and issues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... competitive conditions, will not substantially curtail employment in the industry and will not give any industry in American Samoa a competitive advantage over any industry in the United States outside of... classification and will not give a competitive advantage to any group in that industry. No classification shall...

  19. About the REL Pacific Region

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Regional Educational Laboratory Pacific, 2014

    2014-01-01

    REL Pacific is one of ten Regional Educational Laboratories established and funded by the U.S. Department of Education's Institute of Education Sciences. Their region encompasses approximately 4.9 million square miles and serves seven Pacific island entities, including American Samoa; the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands; the Federated…

  20. Profile of Pacific Schools. Second Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Center for the Advancement of Pacific Education, Honolulu, HI.

    This statistical profile establishes baseline information about Pacific schools, from which needs can be identified and against which school improvement can be measured. Data were collected from responses to a questionnaire distributed in December 1986. The following jurisdictions responded: (1) American Samoa; (2) Belau; (3) Commonwealth of the…

  1. Glimpses into Pacific Lives: Some Outstanding Women.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Simon-McWilliams, Ethel, Comp.; Green, Karen Reed, Ed.

    This document presents profiles of women who have contributed significantly to governmental changes, social and economic development, and general efforts toward change in Guam, Hawaii, American Samoa, Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and Palau. Each profile provides a brief…

  2. 42 CFR 435.930 - Furnishing Medicaid.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Furnishing Medicaid. 435.930 Section 435.930 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED..., AND AMERICAN SAMOA Eligibility in the States and District of Columbia Furnishing Medicaid § 435.930...

  3. 40 CFR 21.3 - Submission of applications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Francisco, CA 94105 Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, the territories of American Samoa and Guam; the... or the State Water Pollution Control Authority in which the facility is located. (c) An application... of the process or activity generating the pollution to be abated by the additions, alterations, or...

  4. 40 CFR 21.3 - Submission of applications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Francisco, CA 94105 Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, the territories of American Samoa and Guam; the... or the State Water Pollution Control Authority in which the facility is located. (c) An application... of the process or activity generating the pollution to be abated by the additions, alterations, or...

  5. 40 CFR 21.3 - Submission of applications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... St., San Francisco, CA 94105 Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, the territories of American Samoa... Administrator or the State Water Pollution Control Authority in which the facility is located. (c) An... description of the process or activity generating the pollution to be abated by the additions, alterations, or...

  6. 40 CFR 21.3 - Submission of applications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Francisco, CA 94105 Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, the territories of American Samoa and Guam; the... or the State Water Pollution Control Authority in which the facility is located. (c) An application... of the process or activity generating the pollution to be abated by the additions, alterations, or...

  7. Release and establishment of Encarsia diaspidicola (Hymenoptera: Aphelididae) against white peach scale in papaya

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    White peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Hemiptera:Diaspididae) is a serious economic pest of papaya, Carica papaya L. The parasitic wasp Encarsia diaspidicola (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) was brought from Samoa into a quarantine containment facility in Hawaii for evaluation and potential release...

  8. 42 CFR 435.907 - Written application.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Written application. 435.907 Section 435.907 Public..., AND AMERICAN SAMOA Eligibility in the States and District of Columbia Applications § 435.907 Written application. (a) The agency must require a written application from the applicant, an authorized...

  9. U.S. Tsunami Warning Centers

    Science.gov Websites

    > No Tsunami Warning, Advisory, Watch, or Threat There is No Tsunami Warning Loading Earthquake Layer Loading Alert Layer Earthquake Layer failed to load Alerts/Threats Layer failed to load Default View Alaska Hawaii Guam/CNMI American Samoa Caribbean North America South America

  10. 42 CFR 435.300 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Scope. 435.300 Section 435.300 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL... AMERICAN SAMOA Optional Coverage of the Medically Needy § 435.300 Scope. This subpart specifies the option...

  11. 77 FR 59902 - Western Pacific Fishery Management Council; Public Meetings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-01

    ... Assignment of Rapporteurs. 3. Status of the 110th SSC Meeting Recommendations. 4. Report from the Pacific... Sustainability Foundation (ISSF) Research. C. Tracking the Changes of Economic Performance Indicators for the... Set Swordfish Fishery. E. American Samoa and Hawaii Longline Quarterly Reports. F. International...

  12. 5 CFR Appendix D to Subpart B of... - Nonappropriated Fund Wage and Survey Areas

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    .... Survey area plus: Illinois: Cook Rock Island Vermilion Iowa: Johnson Michigan: Dickinson Marquette... Ketchikan Gateway Kodiak Island Sitka Southeast Fairbanks Valdez-Cordova Yukon-Koyukuk Arizona Maricopa... Pacific Islands Midway Island Johnston Island American Samoa Idaho Ada-Elmore Survey Area Idaho: Ada...

  13. 75 FR 17316 - Prevailing Rate Systems; Nonappropriated Fund Wage and Survey Areas

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-06

    ...) Fairbanks North Star Juneau Kenai Peninsula Ketchikan Gateway Kodiak Island Sitka Southeast Fairbanks Valdez...: Hawaii (counties): Hawaii Kauai Maui Pacific Islands: Midway Islands Johnston Atoll American Samoa IDAHO... Lake Survey Area Illinois: Lake Area of Application. Survey area plus: Illinois: Cook Rock Island...

  14. 75 FR 49351 - Prevailing Rate Systems; Nonappropriated Fund Wage and Survey Areas

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-13

    ... area plus: Illinois: Cook Rock Island Vermilion Iowa: Johnson Michigan: Dickinson Marquette Wisconsin...) Fairbanks North Star Juneau Kenai Peninsula Ketchikan Gateway Kodiak Island Sitka Southeast Fairbanks Valdez... Islands: Midway Islands Johnston Atoll American Samoa IDAHO Ada[dash]Elmore Survey Area Idaho: Ada Elmore...

  15. 50 CFR 665.98 - Management area.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Management area. 665.98 Section 665.98 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION... Management area. The American Samoa fishery management area is the EEZ seaward of the Territory of American...

  16. 47 CFR 24.102 - Service areas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... consists of the fifty states, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and United States Virgin Islands. (b) The regional service areas are defined as follows: (1...-Rochester, New York, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh. (2) Region 2 (South): The South Region consists of the...

  17. 47 CFR 24.102 - Service areas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... consists of the fifty states, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and United States Virgin Islands. (b) The regional service areas are defined as follows: (1...-Rochester, New York, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh. (2) Region 2 (South): The South Region consists of the...

  18. 47 CFR 24.102 - Service areas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... consists of the fifty states, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and United States Virgin Islands. (b) The regional service areas are defined as follows: (1...-Rochester, New York, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh. (2) Region 2 (South): The South Region consists of the...

  19. 47 CFR 24.102 - Service areas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... consists of the fifty states, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and United States Virgin Islands. (b) The regional service areas are defined as follows: (1...-Rochester, New York, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh. (2) Region 2 (South): The South Region consists of the...

  20. 41 CFR 101-6.216 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... for the administration of the law extending such assistance. (d) The term United States means the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, Wake Island, the Canal Zone, and the territories and possessions of the United States, and the...

  1. Brownfields Samoa Peninsula, CA: Sustainable Solutions for Historic Houses in Northern California, A Voluntary Green Code & Green Rehabilitation Manual

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This manual was created to help homeowners choose sustainable strategies for restoring and rehabilitating many of the smaller, Victorian-style, wood-framed houses built in Northern California during the late 1800s and early 1900s.

  2. 50 CFR 665.128 - Gear identification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ....124 or that is otherwise established to be fishing for American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS in the... section and found deployed in the coral reef ecosystem management area will be considered unclaimed or... officer. (2) Unattended surround nets or bait seine nets found deployed in the coral reef ecosystem...

  3. 50 CFR 665.128 - Gear identification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ....124 or that is otherwise established to be fishing for American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS in the... section and found deployed in the coral reef ecosystem management area will be considered unclaimed or... officer. (2) Unattended surround nets or bait seine nets found deployed in the coral reef ecosystem...

  4. 50 CFR 665.128 - Gear identification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ....124 or that is otherwise established to be fishing for American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS in the... section and found deployed in the coral reef ecosystem management area will be considered unclaimed or... officer. (2) Unattended surround nets or bait seine nets found deployed in the coral reef ecosystem...

  5. 40 CFR 69.22 - Title V conditional exemption.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... complete meteorological data and complete refined air quality modeling for the Pago Pago Harbor and submit such data and modeling results to EPA by January 13, 1999. (2) American Samoa shall address any NAAQS exceedances demonstrated through the modeling results with revisions to its SIP that shall be submitted by...

  6. 40 CFR 69.22 - Title V conditional exemption.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... complete meteorological data and complete refined air quality modeling for the Pago Pago Harbor and submit such data and modeling results to EPA by January 13, 1999. (2) American Samoa shall address any NAAQS exceedances demonstrated through the modeling results with revisions to its SIP that shall be submitted by...

  7. 50 CFR 665.128 - Gear identification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ....124 or that is otherwise established to be fishing for American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS in the... section and found deployed in the coral reef ecosystem management area will be considered unclaimed or... officer. (2) Unattended surround nets or bait seine nets found deployed in the coral reef ecosystem...

  8. 78 FR 6798 - Western Pacific Fisheries; 2013 Annual Catch Limits and Accountability Measures

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-31

    ... proposes annual catch limits for western Pacific bottomfish, crustacean, precious coral, and coral reef... ACLs for bottomfish, crustacean, precious coral, and coral reef ecosystem fishery MUS in American Samoa... to 2012. NMFS is not proposing ACLs for bottomfish, crustacean, precious coral, or coral reef...

  9. 77 FR 6019 - Western Pacific Fisheries; 2012 Annual Catch Limits and Accountability Measures

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-07

    ... annual catch limits for western Pacific bottomfish, crustacean, precious coral, and coral reef ecosystem... coral reef ecosystem fishery management unit species (MUS) in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ...,205 lb (1,000 kg). the American Samoa Exploratory Area. Coral Reef Ecosystem........ Acanthuridae...

  10. 50 CFR 665.128 - Gear identification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ....124 or that is otherwise established to be fishing for American Samoa coral reef ecosystem MUS in the... section and found deployed in the coral reef ecosystem management area will be considered unclaimed or... officer. (2) Unattended surround nets or bait seine nets found deployed in the coral reef ecosystem...

  11. 29 CFR 511.13 - Evidence.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... AMERICAN SAMOA § 511.13 Evidence. In accordance with the notice of hearing, the committee and any... scheduled to testify. Oral or documentary evidence may be received, but the committee shall exclude... for participation as a party shall have the right to present his or her case by oral or documentary...

  12. 29 CFR 511.13 - Evidence.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... AMERICAN SAMOA § 511.13 Evidence. In accordance with the notice of hearing, the committee and any... scheduled to testify. Oral or documentary evidence may be received, but the committee shall exclude... for participation as a party shall have the right to present his or her case by oral or documentary...

  13. 29 CFR 511.13 - Evidence.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... AMERICAN SAMOA § 511.13 Evidence. In accordance with the notice of hearing, the committee and any... scheduled to testify. Oral or documentary evidence may be received, but the committee shall exclude... for participation as a party shall have the right to present his or her case by oral or documentary...

  14. 29 CFR 511.13 - Evidence.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... AMERICAN SAMOA § 511.13 Evidence. In accordance with the notice of hearing, the committee and any... scheduled to testify. Oral or documentary evidence may be received, but the committee shall exclude... for participation as a party shall have the right to present his or her case by oral or documentary...

  15. 29 CFR 511.13 - Evidence.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... AMERICAN SAMOA § 511.13 Evidence. In accordance with the notice of hearing, the committee and any... scheduled to testify. Oral or documentary evidence may be received, but the committee shall exclude... for participation as a party shall have the right to present his or her case by oral or documentary...

  16. 47 CFR 27.1208 - BTA service areas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    .... Except for incumbent BRS licenses, BRS service areas are Basic Trading Areas (BTAs) or additional service... in places where Rand McNally has not defined BTAs: American Samoa; Guam; Gulf of Mexico Zone A; Gulf of Mexico Zone B; Gulf of Mexico Zone C; Northern Mariana Islands; Mayaguez/Aguadilla-Ponce, Puerto...

  17. 20 CFR 404.1022 - American Samoa, Guam, or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... the Northern Mariana Islands. 404.1022 Section 404.1022 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY... patient or inmate of the hospital or penal institution. (d) Medicare qualified government employment. If your work is not covered under Social Security, it may be covered as Medicare qualified government...

  18. 34 CFR 381.5 - What definitions apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... or a group or class of individuals, in which case it is systems (or systemic) advocacy; or (3... District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American..., in which case State does not mean or include Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands...

  19. 76 FR 38181 - Proposed Data Collections Submitted for Public Comment and Recommendations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-29

    ... Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection among men who have sex with men (MSM), one of the groups at highest risk for... shared with health departments, community based organizations, community planning groups and other... Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands), with...

  20. 12 CFR 790.2 - Central and field office organization.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ..., Wisconsin 4807 Spicewood Springs Road, Suite 5200, Austin, TX 78759-8490. V Alaska, Arizona, American Samoa... management of conservatorships. The address of AMAC is 4807 Spicewood Springs Road, Suite 5100, Austin, Texas... developing and conducting research in support of NCUA programs, and for preparing reports on research...

  1. 75 FR 43229 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of Request for Extension of Currently Approved...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-23

    ... Federal holidays. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Aquilla Carter, (202) 493-2906, Office of the Chief...., Washington, DC 20590, Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title..., Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands. Frequency: Annually. Estimated Average Burden...

  2. 75 FR 42817 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of Request for Extension of Currently Approved...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-22

    ... Federal holidays. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Anthony DeSimone, (317) 226-5307, Office of Program... 254, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46204, Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. SUPPLEMENTARY... Virgin Islands and American Samoa. Frequency: Annually. Estimated Average Burden per Response: There is...

  3. 41 CFR 105-56.003 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., excluding Federal legal holidays. For purposes of computation, the last day of the period will be included unless it is a Federal legal holiday. (d) Creditor agency means any agency that is owed a debt, including... Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana...

  4. 50 CFR 665.164 - Gear restrictions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Gear restrictions. 665.164 Section 665.164..., DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (CONTINUED) FISHERIES IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC American Samoa Fisheries § 665.164 Gear restrictions. Only selective gear may be used to harvest coral from any precious coral permit area. ...

  5. 42 CFR 435.139 - Coverage for certain aliens.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Coverage for certain aliens. 435.139 Section 435... ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA Mandatory Coverage Mandatory Coverage of Certain Aliens § 435.139 Coverage for certain aliens. The agency must provide services necessary for the treatment of an emergency medical...

  6. 42 CFR 435.139 - Coverage for certain aliens.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Coverage for certain aliens. 435.139 Section 435... ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA Mandatory Coverage Mandatory Coverage of Certain Aliens § 435.139 Coverage for certain aliens. The agency must provide services necessary for the treatment of an emergency medical...

  7. 42 CFR 435.116 - Pregnant women.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Pregnant women. 435.116 Section 435.116 Public..., AND AMERICAN SAMOA Mandatory Coverage Mandatory Coverage of Pregnant Women, Children Under 19, and Newborn Children § 435.116 Pregnant women. (a) Basis. This section implements sections 1902(a)(10)(A)(i...

  8. 42 CFR 435.116 - Pregnant women.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Pregnant women. 435.116 Section 435.116 Public..., AND AMERICAN SAMOA Mandatory Coverage Mandatory Coverage of Pregnant Women, Children Under 19, and Newborn Children § 435.116 Pregnant women. (a) Basis. This section implements sections 1902(a)(10)(A)(i...

  9. 29 CFR 511.5 - Vacancies and dissolution of committees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Vacancies and dissolution of committees. 511.5 Section 511.5 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR REGULATIONS WAGE ORDER PROCEDURE FOR AMERICAN SAMOA § 511.5 Vacancies and dissolution of committees. The...

  10. 29 CFR 511.5 - Vacancies and dissolution of committees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Vacancies and dissolution of committees. 511.5 Section 511.5 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR REGULATIONS WAGE ORDER PROCEDURE FOR AMERICAN SAMOA § 511.5 Vacancies and dissolution of committees. The...

  11. 29 CFR 511.5 - Vacancies and dissolution of committees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Vacancies and dissolution of committees. 511.5 Section 511.5 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR REGULATIONS WAGE ORDER PROCEDURE FOR AMERICAN SAMOA § 511.5 Vacancies and dissolution of committees. The...

  12. 29 CFR 511.5 - Vacancies and dissolution of committees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Vacancies and dissolution of committees. 511.5 Section 511.5 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR REGULATIONS WAGE ORDER PROCEDURE FOR AMERICAN SAMOA § 511.5 Vacancies and dissolution of committees. The...

  13. 29 CFR 511.5 - Vacancies and dissolution of committees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Vacancies and dissolution of committees. 511.5 Section 511.5 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR REGULATIONS WAGE ORDER PROCEDURE FOR AMERICAN SAMOA § 511.5 Vacancies and dissolution of committees. The...

  14. 42 CFR 435.530 - Definition of blindness.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definition of blindness. 435.530 Section 435.530... ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA Categorical Requirements for Eligibility Blindness § 435.530 Definition of blindness. (a) Definition. The agency must use the same definition of blindness as used under SSI, except...

  15. Pacific Resources for Education and Learning Fact Sheet.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pacific Resources for Education and Learning, Honolulu, HI.

    Pacific Resources for Education and Learning (PREL) is a nonprofit corporation that serves schools in 10 Pacific island political entities, whose affiliation with the United States ranges from statehood to free association. PREL's main office is in Honolulu, Hawaii, with service centers in American Samoa; the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana…

  16. Pacific Region School Finance and Facilities Study.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kawakami, Alice J., Ed.

    A study of school financing and facilities was conducted in the 10 American-affiliated Pacific entities of the United States. Data were collected from public departments of education in 9 of 10 entities served by the Pacific Region Educational Laboratory (PREL): American Samoa, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Federated States…

  17. Directory of Pacific Professionals for Educational Improvement. First Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Noguchi, Kay P., Comp.

    The Pacific Region Educational Laboratory (PREL) is a nonprofit corporation for educational research and improvement, serving Pacific children and educators in American Samoa, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Island, Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, Yap), Guam, Hawaii, Republic of the Marshall Islands, and Republic of…

  18. Profile of Pacific Schools.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Northwest Regional Educational Lab., Portland, OR.

    This profile contains tables and charts which provide baseline information on the Pacific Region school systems. The Region comprises the State of Hawaii, the Territories of American Samoa and Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Belau, and the Republic of the Marshall Islands.…

  19. School Finance and Facilities Study.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kawakami, Alice J., Ed.

    1994-01-01

    This document presents findings of a Pacific Region Educational Laboratory (PREL) study on the status of school finance and facilities in the 10 entities of the Pacific region served by PREL--American Samoa, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Hawaii, Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the…

  20. Glimpses into Pacific Lives: Some Outstanding Women (Revised).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Simon-McWilliams, Ethel, Comp.; Green, Karen Reed, Ed.

    This booklet provides brief biographies of women who have made outstanding contributions to the social and economic development of these Pacific islands: American Samoa, the Republic of Belau, the Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Hawaii, the Marshall islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands. The 66 women profiled include educators, health…

  1. 76 FR 19028 - Western Pacific Pelagic Fisheries; Purse Seine Prohibited Areas Around American Samoa

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-06

    ... announces that the Western Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) proposes to amend the Fishery... catch competition between purse seine vessels and local trolling and longline fleets due to possible... fleet and domestic purse seine vessels. DATES: Comments on Amendment 3, including an environmental...

  2. Open and Flexible TVET in Commonwealth Pacific Countries

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Neal, Terry

    2011-01-01

    This report examines the current state of open and flexible technical-vocational education and training (TVET) in nine Pacific Commonwealth countries: Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu. The Commonwealth of Learning (COL) has commissioned the Open Polytechnic to complete this report to…

  3. 42 CFR 435.3 - Basis.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Basis. 435.3 Section 435.3 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS ELIGIBILITY IN THE STATES, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA General Provisions and Definitions § 43...

  4. 42 CFR 435.3 - Basis.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Basis. 435.3 Section 435.3 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS ELIGIBILITY IN THE STATES, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA General Provisions and Definitions § 43...

  5. 42 CFR 435.3 - Basis.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Basis. 435.3 Section 435.3 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS ELIGIBILITY IN THE STATES, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA General Provisions and Definitions § 43...

  6. 42 CFR 435.3 - Basis.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Basis. 435.3 Section 435.3 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS ELIGIBILITY IN THE STATES, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA General Provisions and Definitions § 43...

  7. 42 CFR 435.3 - Basis.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Basis. 435.3 Section 435.3 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS ELIGIBILITY IN THE STATES, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA General Provisions and Definitions § 43...

  8. 76 FR 32929 - Western Pacific Pelagic Fisheries; American Samoa Longline Gear Modifications To Reduce Turtle...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-07

    ... Modifications To Reduce Turtle Interactions AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic... Pacific green sea turtles. DATES: Comments on the proposed rule must be received by July 22, 2011... sea turtles, seabirds, and marine mammals. Fishermen must use specific equipment and techniques for...

  9. 5 CFR Appendix D to Subpart B of... - Nonappropriated Fund Wage and Survey Areas

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Illinois: Lake Area of Application. Survey area plus: Illinois: Cook Rock Island Vermilion Iowa: Johnson... North Star Juneau Kenai Peninsula Ketchikan Gateway Kodiak Island Sitka Southeast Fairbanks Valdez...: Hawaii (counties): Hawaii Kauai Maui Pacific Islands: Midway Islands Johnston Atoll American Samoa IDAHO...

  10. 5 CFR Appendix D to Subpart B of... - Nonappropriated Fund Wage and Survey Areas

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Illinois: Lake Area of Application. Survey area plus: Illinois: Cook Rock Island Vermilion Iowa: Johnson... North Star Juneau Kenai Peninsula Ketchikan Gateway Kodiak Island Sitka Southeast Fairbanks Valdez...: Hawaii (counties): Hawaii Kauai Maui Pacific Islands: Midway Islands Johnston Atoll American Samoa IDAHO...

  11. 5 CFR Appendix D to Subpart B of... - Nonappropriated Fund Wage and Survey Areas

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Illinois: Lake Area of Application. Survey area plus: Illinois: Cook Rock Island Vermilion Iowa: Johnson... North Star Juneau Kenai Peninsula Ketchikan Gateway Kodiak Island Sitka Southeast Fairbanks Valdez...: Hawaii (counties): Hawaii Kauai Maui Pacific Islands: Midway Islands Johnston Atoll American Samoa IDAHO...

  12. 33 CFR 80.1495 - U.S. Pacific Island Possessions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Island Possessions of American Samoa, Baker, Howland, Jarvis, Johnson, Palmyra, Swains and Wake Islands... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false U.S. Pacific Island Possessions... INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION RULES COLREGS DEMARCATION LINES Pacific Islands § 80.1495 U.S. Pacific Island...

  13. 50 CFR 80.84 - How does the Service establish the non-Federal share of allowable costs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... RESTORATION PROGRAM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS, PITTMAN-ROBERTSON WILDLIFE RESTORATION AND DINGELL-JOHNSON... for the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and the territories of Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa, the Regional Director must first calculate a preliminary percentage of non...

  14. 50 CFR 80.83 - What is the Federal share of allowable costs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... REQUIREMENTS, PITTMAN-ROBERTSON WILDLIFE RESTORATION AND DINGELL-JOHNSON SPORT FISH RESTORATION ACTS... grant-funded project in a program or subprogram authorized by the Dingell-Johnson Sport Fish Restoration... Mariana Islands and the territories of Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa. The Regional...

  15. 50 CFR 80.83 - What is the Federal share of allowable costs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS, PITTMAN-ROBERTSON WILDLIFE RESTORATION AND DINGELL-JOHNSON SPORT FISH RESTORATION... costs of a grant-funded project in a program or subprogram authorized by the Dingell-Johnson Sport Fish... Mariana Islands and the territories of Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa. The Regional...

  16. 50 CFR 80.84 - How does the Service establish the non-Federal share of allowable costs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... RESTORATION PROGRAM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS, PITTMAN-ROBERTSON WILDLIFE RESTORATION AND DINGELL-JOHNSON... for the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and the territories of Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa, the Regional Director must first calculate a preliminary percentage of non...

  17. 33 CFR 80.1495 - U.S. Pacific Island Possessions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Island Possessions of American Samoa, Baker, Howland, Jarvis, Johnson, Palmyra, Swains and Wake Islands... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false U.S. Pacific Island Possessions... INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION RULES COLREGS DEMARCATION LINES Pacific Islands § 80.1495 U.S. Pacific Island...

  18. 5 CFR Appendix D to Subpart B of... - Nonappropriated Fund Wage and Survey Areas

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... area plus: Illinois: Cook Rock Island Vermilion Iowa: Johnson Michigan: Dickinson Marquette Wisconsin... North Star Juneau Kenai Peninsula Ketchikan Gateway Kodiak Island Sitka Southeast Fairbanks Valdez... Islands: Midway Islands Johnston Atoll American Samoa IDAHO Ada-Elmore Survey Area Idaho: Ada Elmore Area...

  19. 50 CFR 80.84 - How does the Service establish the non-Federal share of allowable costs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... RESTORATION PROGRAM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS, PITTMAN-ROBERTSON WILDLIFE RESTORATION AND DINGELL-JOHNSON... for the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and the territories of Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa, the Regional Director must first calculate a preliminary percentage of non...

  20. 50 CFR 80.83 - What is the Federal share of allowable costs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS, PITTMAN-ROBERTSON WILDLIFE RESTORATION AND DINGELL-JOHNSON SPORT FISH RESTORATION... costs of a grant-funded project in a program or subprogram authorized by the Dingell-Johnson Sport Fish... Mariana Islands and the territories of Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa. The Regional...

  1. 33 CFR 80.1495 - U.S. Pacific Island Possessions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Island Possessions of American Samoa, Baker, Howland, Jarvis, Johnson, Palmyra, Swains and Wake Islands... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false U.S. Pacific Island Possessions... INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION RULES COLREGS DEMARCATION LINES Pacific Islands § 80.1495 U.S. Pacific Island...

  2. 33 CFR 80.1495 - U.S. Pacific Island Possessions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Island Possessions of American Samoa, Baker, Howland, Jarvis, Johnson, Palmyra, Swains and Wake Islands... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false U.S. Pacific Island Possessions... INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION RULES COLREGS DEMARCATION LINES Pacific Islands § 80.1495 U.S. Pacific Island...

  3. 50 CFR 80.84 - How does the Service establish the non-Federal share of allowable costs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... RESTORATION PROGRAM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS, PITTMAN-ROBERTSON WILDLIFE RESTORATION AND DINGELL-JOHNSON... for the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and the territories of Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa, the Regional Director must first calculate a preliminary percentage of non...

  4. 33 CFR 80.1495 - U.S. Pacific Island Possessions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Island Possessions of American Samoa, Baker, Howland, Jarvis, Johnson, Palmyra, Swains and Wake Islands... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false U.S. Pacific Island Possessions... INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION RULES COLREGS DEMARCATION LINES Pacific Islands § 80.1495 U.S. Pacific Island...

  5. 50 CFR 80.83 - What is the Federal share of allowable costs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... REQUIREMENTS, PITTMAN-ROBERTSON WILDLIFE RESTORATION AND DINGELL-JOHNSON SPORT FISH RESTORATION ACTS... grant-funded project in a program or subprogram authorized by the Dingell-Johnson Sport Fish Restoration... Mariana Islands and the territories of Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa. The Regional...

  6. 42 CFR 435.117 - Newborn children.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Newborn children. 435.117 Section 435.117 Public..., AND AMERICAN SAMOA Mandatory Coverage Mandatory Coverage of Pregnant Women, Children Under 19, and Newborn Children § 435.117 Newborn children. (a) The agency must provide Medicaid eligibility to a child...

  7. 42 CFR 435.117 - Newborn children.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Newborn children. 435.117 Section 435.117 Public..., AND AMERICAN SAMOA Mandatory Coverage Mandatory Coverage of Pregnant Women, Children Under 19, and Newborn Children § 435.117 Newborn children. (a) The agency must provide Medicaid eligibility to a child...

  8. 29 CFR 697.4 - Effective dates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Effective dates. 697.4 Section 697.4 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR REGULATIONS INDUSTRIES IN AMERICAN SAMOA § 697.4 Effective dates. The wage rates specified in § 697.2 shall be effective on October...

  9. 42 CFR 435.522 - Determination of age.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Determination of age. 435.522 Section 435.522... ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA Categorical Requirements for Eligibility Age § 435.522 Determination of age. (a) Except as specified in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, in determining age, the agency...

  10. 42 CFR 435.522 - Determination of age.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Determination of age. 435.522 Section 435.522... ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA Categorical Requirements for Eligibility Age § 435.522 Determination of age. (a) Except as specified in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, in determining age, the agency...

  11. 42 CFR 435.522 - Determination of age.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Determination of age. 435.522 Section 435.522... ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA Categorical Requirements for Eligibility Age § 435.522 Determination of age. (a) Except as specified in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, in determining age, the agency...

  12. 42 CFR 435.522 - Determination of age.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Determination of age. 435.522 Section 435.522... ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA Categorical Requirements for Eligibility Age § 435.522 Determination of age. (a) Except as specified in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, in determining age, the agency...

  13. 42 CFR 435.522 - Determination of age.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Determination of age. 435.522 Section 435.522... ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA Categorical Requirements for Eligibility Age § 435.522 Determination of age. (a) Except as specified in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, in determining age, the agency...

  14. 7 CFR 301.75-5 - Commercial citrus-producing areas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Commercial citrus-producing areas. 301.75-5 Section... and Regulations § 301.75-5 Commercial citrus-producing areas. (a) The following are designated as commercial citrus-producing areas: American Samoa Arizona California Florida Guam Hawaii Louisiana Northern...

  15. 7 CFR 301.75-5 - Commercial citrus-producing areas.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Commercial citrus-producing areas. 301.75-5 Section... and Regulations § 301.75-5 Commercial citrus-producing areas. (a) The following are designated as commercial citrus-producing areas: American Samoa Arizona California Florida Guam Hawaii Louisiana Northern...

  16. Handbook for Teachers of Samoan Students in Western Schools.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Vaipae, Sharon Siebert

    This handbook provides classroom teachers with information to assist them in enhancing Samoan students' social adjustment and academic achievement in U.S. schools. The information complements the 25-minute videotape, Samoa, which is designed for student viewing. The handbook provides background information on the Samoan people, their islands, and…

  17. 50 CFR 665.162 - Permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... coral MUS in any American Samoa precious coral permit area must have a permit issued under § 665.13. (b) Each permit will be valid for fishing only in the permit area specified on the permit. Precious Coral... upon surrendering to the Regional Administrator any current permit for the precious coral fishery...

  18. 50 CFR 665.162 - Permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... coral MUS in any American Samoa precious coral permit area must have a permit issued under § 665.13. (b) Each permit will be valid for fishing only in the permit area specified on the permit. Precious Coral... upon surrendering to the Regional Administrator any current permit for the precious coral fishery...

  19. 50 CFR 665.162 - Permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... coral MUS in any American Samoa precious coral permit area must have a permit issued under § 665.13. (b) Each permit will be valid for fishing only in the permit area specified on the permit. Precious Coral... upon surrendering to the Regional Administrator any current permit for the precious coral fishery...

  20. 50 CFR 665.162 - Permits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... coral MUS in any American Samoa precious coral permit area must have a permit issued under § 665.13. (b) Each permit will be valid for fishing only in the permit area specified on the permit. Precious Coral... upon surrendering to the Regional Administrator any current permit for the precious coral fishery...

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