Antimony in recent, ombrotrophic peat from Switzerland and Scotland: Comparison with natural background values (5,320 to 8,020 14C yr BP) and implications for the global atmospheric Sb cycle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shotyk, William; Krachler, Michael; Chen, Bin

2004-03-01

The lowest concentrations, atmospheric fluxes, and enrichments of Sb in a Swiss bog were found in peat samples dating from 8,020 to 5,320 14C yr BP when Sb inputs were proportional to those of Sc and effectively controlled by deposition of soil dust. For comparison with these ancient samples, modern peat samples from five rural areas of Switzerland and two remote areas of Scotland and Shetland are highly contaminated with Sb, with enrichments of the order of 30 to 80 times. "Lithogenic" Sb concentrations calculated using the Sc concentrations and background Sb/Sc ratio are dwarfed at all sites by "anthropogenic" Sb. The chronology and intensity of the Sb enrichments are in many ways similar to those of Pb which indicates that (1) Sb, like Pb, is well preserved in ombrotrophic peat and (2) the extent of human impacts on the geochemical cycle of Sb is comparable to that of Pb. The similar distribution of Sb and Pb can be explained in terms of their chemical and mineralogical associations, with most lead minerals being rich in Sb. Assuming that the "background" Sb flux (0.35 μg/m2/yr) from the Swiss bog is representative of preanthropogenic deposition rates worldwide, the global flux of natural Sb is estimated at 154 T/a. Using the natural Pb flux published by [1987] of 2600 T/a and the "background" Pb/Sb ratio (29) of the preanthropogenic peat samples, the global flux of natural Sb is estimated at 90 T/a. Either way, these values (90 to 154 T/a) are considerably lower than the current estimate of natural Sb to the global atmosphere (2400 T/a) published by [2001]. Assuming that the current estimate of anthropogenic Sb to the global atmosphere (1600 T/a) is correct [, 2001], the ratio of anthropogenic to natural Sb emissions is on the order of 10 to 18. Taken together, the data from modern and ancient peat samples suggests that the impact of human activities on the global geochemical cycle of Sb may have been underestimated by an order of magnitude. Like Pb, Sb has no known biological function, has a similar toxicity, and is a cumulative poison. The environmental geochemistry of Sb therefore may have a relevance to human and environmental health comparable to that of Pb.

Predictive Ability of the SB5 Gifted Composite versus the Full-Scale IQ among Children Referred for Gifted Evaluations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGowan, Mark R.; Holtzman, Dean R.; Coyne, Thomas B.; Miles, Kristina L.

2016-01-01

This study examined the utility of the Gifted Composite (GC) formula derived from selected subtests on the "Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition" (SB5) for evaluating intellectual giftedness. A sample of 52 children were administered both the SB5 and "Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement, Third Edition" (WJ-III…

Speciation analysis of inorganic antimony in soil using HPLC-ID-ICP-MS.

PubMed

Amereih, Sameer; Meisel, Thomas; Kahr, Elisabeth; Wegscheider, Wolfhard

2005-12-01

Speciation analysis of Sb(III) and Sb(V) in a soil sample was performed through extraction and on-line isotope dilution concentration determination after a chromatographic separation. The total Sb concentration found in a through traffic contaminated soil sample was (4.17 microg g(-1), 0.3 microg g(-1) SD, n=6). It was determined using ICP-MS after soil digestion using the sodium peroxide sintering method. The optimized extraction procedure for speciation analysis was carried out using 100 mmol L(-1) citric acid at pH 2.08 by applying an ultrasonic bath for 45 min at room temperature. The effects of citric acid concentration (0-500 mmol L(-1)), pH (1-6), and temperature (30-60 degrees C) on inorganic antimony species distribution in the examined sample were studied and optimized. The separation of Sb(III) and Sb(V) was achieved using an anion exchange column (PRP-X100) and 10 mmol L(-1) EDTA and 1 mmol L(-1) phthalic acid at pH 4.5 as a mobile phase. The eluent from the HPLC was mixed with an enriched (94.2%) (123)Sb spike solution that was pumped by a peristaltic pump with a constant flow rate (0.5 mL min(-1)) in a three-way valve. The blend passed directly to the Conikal nebulizer of the ICP-MS. By using the above extraction procedure and methodology, 43.2% Sb(V) (2.9% RSD, n=3) and 6.0% Sb(III) (1.3% RSD, n=3) of total Sb found in the sample could be detected. The detection limits achieved by the proposed method were 20 ng L(-1) and 65 ng L(-1) for Sb(V) and Sb(III), respectively. The precision, evaluated by using RSD with 100 ng L(-1) calibration solutions, was 2.7% and 3.2% (n=6) for Sb(V) and Sb(III), respectively, in aqueous solutions.

Development of an analytical method for antimony speciation in vegetables by HPLC-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry.

PubMed

Olivares, David; Bravo, Manuel; Feldmann, Jorg; Raab, Andrea; Neaman, Alexander; Quiroz, Waldo

2012-01-01

A new method for antimony speciation in terrestrial edible vegetables (spinach, onions, and carrots) was developed using HPLC with hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Mechanical agitation and ultrasound were tested as extraction techniques. Different extraction reagents were evaluated and optimal conditions were determined using experimental design methodology, where EDTA (10 mmol/L, pH 2.5) was selected because this chelate solution produced the highest extraction yield and exhibited the best compatibility with the mobile phase. The results demonstrated that EDTA prevents oxidation of Sb(III) to Sb(V) and maintains the stability of antimony species during the entire analytical process. The LOD and precision (RSD values obtained) for Sb(V), Sb(III), and trimethyl Sb(V) were 0.08, 0.07, and 0.9 microg/L and 5.0, 5.2, and 4.7%, respectively, for a 100 microL sample volume. The application of this method to real samples allowed extraction of 50% of total antimony content from spinach, while antimony extracted from carrots and onion samples ranged between 50 and 60 and 54 and 70%, respectively. Only Sb(V) was detected in three roots (onion and spinach) that represented 60-70% of the total antimony in the extracts.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yoen, Kyu Hyoek; Center for Opto-Electronic Convergence Systems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791; Song, Jin Dong, E-mail: jdsong@kist.re.kr

Highlights: • GaSb/Al{sub 0.33}GaSb MQW layer was grown on Si (1 0 0) by MBE. • The effect of miscut angle of Si substrate was studied. • A lot of twins were removed by Al{sub 0.66}Ga{sub 0.34}Sb/AlSb SPS layers. • Good quality of GaSb/Al{sub 0.33}Ga{sub 0.67}Sb MQW layers were proved by PL spectra. • Optimum growth temperature of the AlSb buffer layer was studied. - Abstract: GaSb/Al{sub 0.33}Ga{sub 0.67}Sb multi-quantum well (MQW) film on n-Si (1 0 0) substrates is grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The effects of a miscut angle of the Si substrate (0°, 5°, and 7°) onmore » the properties of an AlSb layer were also studied. The suppression of the anti-phase domains (APD) was observed at a miscut angle of 5° on Si (1 0 0). It was found that the growth temperature in the range of 510–670 °C affects the quality of AlSb layers on Si. Low root-mean-square surface (RMS) roughness values of 3–5 nm were measured by atomic force microscopy at growth temperatures ranging from 550 °C to 630 °C. In addition, Al{sub 0.66}Ga{sub 0.34}Sb/AlSb short period superlattice (SPS) layers were used to overcome problems associated with a large lattice mismatch. The RMS values of samples with a SPS were partially measured at approximately ∼1 nm, showing a larger APD surface area than samples without a SPS layer. Bright-field cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy images of the GaSb/Al{sub 0.33}Ga{sub 0.67}Sb MQW, the AlSb buffer layer and the Al{sub 0.66}Ga{sub 0.34}Sb/AlSb SPS layers show that numerous twins from the AlSb/Si interface were removed by the AlSb buffer layer and the Al{sub 0.66}Ga{sub 0.34}Sb/AlSb SPS. The GaSb/Al{sub 0.33}Ga{sub 0.67}Sb MQW PL spectra were obtained at 300 K and 10 K with a fixed excitation power of 103 mW. Emission peaks appeared at 1758 nm and 1620 nm, respectively.« less

Effect of in situ annealing on the structural and electrical properties and infrared photodetection of III-Sb on GaAs using interfacial misfit array

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jia, Bo Wen; Tan, Kian Hua; Loke, Wan Khai; Wicaksono, Satrio; Yoon, Soon Fatt

2018-01-01

This work presents the effects of in situ thermal annealing under antimony overpressure on the structural, electrical, and optical properties of III-Sb (GaSb and InSb) grown on (100) GaAs using an interfacial misfit array to accommodate the lattice mismatch. Both the sample growth and the in situ thermal annealing were carried out in the in the molecular beam epitaxy system, and the temperature of the as-grown sample was increased to exceed its growth temperature during the annealing. X-ray diffraction demonstrates nearly fully relaxed as-grown and annealed III-Sb layers. The optimal annealing temperatures and durations are for 590 °C, 5 min for GaSb and 420 °C, 15 min for InSb, respectively. In situ annealing decreased the surface roughness of the III-Sb layers. X-ray reciprocal space mapping and transmission electron microscopy observation showed stable interfacial misfit arrays, and no interfacial diffusion occurred in the annealed III-Sb layers. A Hall measurement of unintentionally doped III-Sb layers showed greater carrier mobility and a lower carrier concentration in the annealed samples at both 77 and 300 K. In situ annealing improved the photoresponsivity of GaSb and InSb photoconductors grown on GaAs in the near- and mid-infrared ranges, respectively.

TANK 40 FINAL SB7B CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION RESULTS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bannochie, C.

2012-03-15

A sample of Sludge Batch 7b (SB7b) was taken from Tank 40 in order to obtain radionuclide inventory analyses necessary for compliance with the Waste Acceptance Product Specifications (WAPS). The SB7b WAPS sample was also analyzed for chemical composition including noble metals and fissile constituents, and these results are reported here. These analyses along with the WAPS radionuclide analyses will help define the composition of the sludge in Tank 40 that is currently being fed to the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) as SB7b. At the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) the 3-L Tank 40 SB7b sample was transferred frommore » the shipping container into a 4-L high density polyethylene bottle and solids were allowed to settle over the weekend. Supernate was then siphoned off and circulated through the shipping container to complete the transfer of the sample. Following thorough mixing of the 3-L sample, a 558 g sub-sample was removed. This sub-sample was then utilized for all subsequent analytical samples. Eight separate aliquots of the slurry were digested, four with HNO{sub 3}/HCl (aqua regia) in sealed Teflon{reg_sign} vessels and four with NaOH/Na{sub 2}O{sub 2} (alkali or peroxide fusion) using Zr crucibles. Two Analytical Reference Glass - 1 (ARG-1) standards were digested along with a blank for each preparation. Each aqua regia digestion and blank was diluted to 1:100 mL with deionized water and submitted to Analytical Development (AD) for inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) analysis, inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AA) for As and Se, and cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy (CV-AA) for Hg. Equivalent dilutions of the alkali fusion digestions and blank were submitted to AD for ICP-AES analysis. Tank 40 SB7b supernate was collected from a mixed slurry sample in the SRNL Shielded Cells and submitted to AD for ICP-AES, ion chromatography (IC), total base/free OH{sup -}/other base, total inorganic carbon/total organic carbon (TIC/TOC) analyses, and Cs-137 gamma scan. Weighted dilutions of slurry were submitted for IC, TIC/TOC, and total base/free OH{sup -}/other base analyses. Activities for U-233, U-235, and Pu-239 were determined from the ICP-MS data for the aqua regia digestions of the Tank 40 WAPS slurry using the specific activity of each isotope. The Pu-241 value was determined from a Pu-238/-241 method developed by SRNL AD and previously described. The following conclusions were drawn from the analytical results reported here: (1) The ratios of the major elements for the SB7b WAPS sample are different from those measured for the SB7a WAPS sample. There is less Al and Mn relative to Fe than the previous sludge batch. (2) The elemental composition of this sample and the analyses conducted here are reasonable and consistent with DWPF batch data measurements in light of DWPF pre-sample concentration and SRAT product heel contributions to the DWPF SRAT receipt analyses. The element ratios for Al/Fe, Ca/Fe, Mn/Fe, and U/Fe agree within 10% between this work and the DWPF Sludge Receipt and Adjustment Tank (SRAT) receipt analyses. (3) Sulfur in the SB7b WAPS sample is 82% soluble, slightly less than results reported for SB3, SB4, and SB6 samples but unlike the 50% insoluble sulfur observed in the SB5 WAPS sample. In addition, 23% of the soluble sulfur is not present as sulfate in SB7b. (4) The average activities of the fissile isotopes of interest in the SB7b WAPS sample are (in {mu}Ci/g of total dried solids): 4.22E-02 U-233, 6.12E-04 U-235, 1.08E+01 Pu-239, and 5.09E+01 Pu-241. The full radionuclide composition will be reported in a future document. (5) The fission product noble metal and Ag concentrations appear to have largely peaked in previous DWPF sludge batches, with the exception of Ru, which still shows a slight increase in SB7b.« less

Interconnection of thermal parameters, microstructure and mechanical properties in directionally solidified Sn–Sb lead-free solder alloys

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dias, Marcelino; Costa, Thiago; Rocha, Otávio

2015-08-15

Considerable effort is being made to develop lead-free solders for assembling in environmental-conscious electronics, due to the inherent toxicity of Pb. The search for substitute alloys of Pb–Sn solders has increased in order to comply with different soldering purposes. The solder must not only meet the expected levels of electrical performance but may also have appropriate mechanical strength, with the absence of cracks in the solder joints. The Sn–Sb alloy system has a range of compositions that can be potentially included in the class of high temperature solders. This study aims to establish interrelations of solidification thermal parameters, microstructure andmore » mechanical properties of Sn–Sb alloys (2 wt.%Sb and 5.5 wt.%Sb) samples, which were directionally solidified under cooling rates similar to those of reflow procedures in industrial practice. A complete high-cooling rate cellular growth is shown to be associated with the Sn–2.0 wt.%Sb alloy and a reverse dendrite-to-cell transition is observed for the Sn–5.5 wt.%Sb alloy. Strength and ductility of the Sn–2.0 wt.%Sb alloy are shown not to be affected by the cellular spacing. On the other hand, a considerable variation in these properties is associated with the cellular region of the Sn–5.5 wt.%Sb alloy casting. - Graphical abstract: Display Omitted - Highlights: • The microstructure of the Sn–2 wt.%Sb alloy is characterized by high-cooling rates cells. • Reverse dendrite > cell transition occurs for Sn–5.5 wt.%Sb alloy: cells prevail for cooling rates > 1.2 K/s. • Sn–5.5 wt.%Sb alloy: the dendritic region occurs for cooling rates < 0.9 K/s. • Sn–5.5 wt.%Sb alloy: tensile properties are improved with decreasing cellular spacing.« less

Critical thickness of MBE-grown Ga 1-xIn xSb ( x<0.2) on GaSb

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nilsen, T. A.; Breivik, M.; Selvig, E.; Fimland, B. O.

2009-03-01

Several Ga 1-xIn xSb layers, capped with 1 μm of GaSb, were grown on GaSb(0 0 1) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy in a Varian Gen II Modular system using either the conventional sample growth position with substrate rotation, or a tilted sample position with no substrate rotation. The GaInSb layers were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using both symmetrical and asymmetrical reflections. The "tilted sample method" gave a variation of ±25% in thickness of the Ga 1-xIn xSb layers, while the indium (In) content varied by ±10% around the nominal value. The disappearance of thickness fringes in 004 XRD scans was used to determine the onset of relaxation, as determining the in-plane lattice constant for tilted samples was found to be difficult. Determining residual strain in samples grown by the tilted method was likewise found to be very difficult. The critical thickness for several In mole fractions between 5% and 19% was determined and was found to be from 2.2 to 2.7 times higher than predicted by Matthews and Blakeslee (1974) [J. Crystal Growth 27 (1974) 118] but lower than that predicted by People and Bean (1985) [Appl. Phys. Lett. 47 (1985) 322].

Influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on melting temperature and microstructural evolution of Pb-free Sn-5Sb/Cu solder joint

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dele-Afolabi, T. T.; Azmah Hanim, M. A.; Norkhairunnisa, M.; Suraya, M. T.; Yusoff, H. M.

2017-09-01

In this study, the effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the melting temperature and microstructural evolution of the Sn-5Sb/Cu joints are evaluated. Plain and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced Sn-5Sb solder systems with solder formulations Sn-5Sb, Sn-5Sb-0.01CNT, Sn-5Sb-0.05CNT and Sn-5Sb-0.1CNT were prepared through the powder metallurgy route and thereafter samples were subjected to thermal and microstructural evaluation. As retrieved from the DSC scans, a slight decline in the peak temperature was observed in the composite solders which is indicative of the CNTs role in exciting surface instability in the host Sn matrix. In order to prepare the solder joints and analyze the interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC) evolution, respective solder systems were placed on copper (Cu) substrate and subjected to both reflow soldering and isothermal aging (170°C) conditions. From the IMC thickness result, considerable retardation in the IMC layer growth was observed in the CNTs reinforced solder joints, especially the 0.05wt.% CNTs solder system owing to the inhibition of Sn atoms diffusion by reinforcement material.

An evaluation of the migration of antimony from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic used for bottled drinking water.

PubMed

Chapa-Martínez, C A; Hinojosa-Reyes, L; Hernández-Ramírez, A; Ruiz-Ruiz, E; Maya-Treviño, L; Guzmán-Mar, J L

2016-09-15

The leaching of antimony (Sb) from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottling material was assessed in twelve brands of bottled water purchased in Mexican supermarkets by atomic fluorescence spectrometry with a hydride generation system (HG-AFS). Dowex® 1X8-100 ion-exchange resin was used to preconcentrate trace amounts of Sb in water samples. Migration experiments from the PET bottle material were performed in water according to the following storage conditions: 1) temperature (25 and 75°C), 2) pH (3 and 7) and 3) exposure time (5 and 15days), using ultrapure water as a simulant for liquid foods. The test conditions were studied by a 2(3) factorial experimental design. The Sb concentration measured in the PET packaging materials varied between 73.0 and 111.3mg/kg. The Sb concentration (0.28-2.30μg/L) in all of the PET bottled drinking water samples examined at the initial stage of the study was below the maximum contaminant level of 5μg/L prescribed by European Union (EU) regulations. The parameters studied (pH, temperature, and storage time) significantly affected the release of Sb, with temperature having the highest positive significant effect within the studied experimental domain. The highest Sb concentration leached from PET containers was in water samples at pH7 stored at 75°C for a period of 5days. The extent of Sb leaching from the PET ingredients for different brands of drinking water can differ by as much as one order of magnitude in experiments conducted under the worst-case conditions. The chronic daily intake (CDI) caused by the release of Sb in one brand exceeded the Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regulated CDI value of 400ng/kg/day, with values of 514.3 and 566.2ng/kg/day for adults and children. Thus, the appropriate selection of the polymer used for the production of PET bottles seems to ensure low Sb levels in water samples. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Enhancement of thermoelectric figure-of-merit at low temperatures by titanium substitution for hafnium in n-type half-Heuslers Hf0.75-xTixZr0.25NiSn0.99Sb0.01

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Joshi, Giri; Dahal, Tulashi; Chen, Shuo

The effect of titanium (Ti) substitution for hafnium (Hf) on thermoelectric properties of (Hf, Zr)-based n-type half-Heuslers: Hf0.75-xTixZr0.25NiSn0.99Sb0.01, has been studied. The samples are made by arc melting followed by ball milling and hot pressing via the nanostructuring approach. A peak thermoelectric figure-of-merit (ZT) of ~1.0 is achieved at 500 °C in samples with a composition of Hf0.5Zr0.25Ti0.25NiSn0.99Sb0.01 due to a slight increase in carrier concentration and also a lower thermal conductivity caused by Ti. The ZT values below 500 °C of hot pressed Hf0.5Zr0.25Ti0.25NiSn0.99Sb0.01 samples are significantly higher than those of the same way prepared Hf0.75Zr0.25NiSn0.99Sb0.01 samples at eachmore » temperature, which are very much desired for mid-range temperature applications such as waste heat recovery in automobiles.« less

Thermoelectric properties of (DyNiSn)1-x(DyNiSb)x composite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Synoradzki, Karol; Ciesielski, Kamil; Kępiński, Leszek; Kaczorowski, Dariusz

2018-05-01

High temperature thermoelectric properties of bulk and ball-milled cold-pressed (DyNiSn)1-x(DyNiSb)x composite materials have been studied. For bulk pure DyNiSn and DyNiSb samples the Seebeck coefficient reaches - 5.5 μV/K at 480 K and 120 μV/K at 540 K, respectively. Composite materials show metallic-like electrical resistivity and positive sign of Seebeck coefficient with values up to 50 times higher than in pure DyNiSn compound at 1000 K. Only for the sample with x = 0.47, the ball-milling drives to increase of Seebeck coefficient of about 37% at 650 K.

Atmospheric Sb in the Arctic during the past 16,000 years: Responses to climate change and human impacts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krachler, Michael; Zheng, Jiancheng; Fisher, David; Shotyk, William

2008-03-01

Applying strict clean room procedures and sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) methods, concentrations of Sb and Sc were determined in 57 sections of a 170.6-m-long ice core drilled on Devon Island, Arctic Canada, in 1999, providing a record of atmospheric Sb extending back 15,800 years. Natural background concentrations of Sb and Sc established during the period between 1300 years BP and 10,590 years BP averaged 0.08 ± 0.03 pg/g (N = 18) and 0.44 ± 0.20 pg/g (N = 17), respectively. Scandium, a conservative reference element, was used as a surrogate for mineral dust inputs. The Sb/Sc ratio of 0.13 ± 0.07 in these ancient ice samples is comparable to the corresponding ratio of 0.09 ± 0.03 in peat samples from Switzerland from circa 6000 to 9000 years BP, indicating that this natural background ratio might have a much broader validity. The natural background flux of Sb (0.7 ± 0.5 ng/m2/a) in the Arctic was approximately 500 times lower than that established in central Europe using peat cores. For comparison with background values, modern Sb fluxes calculated using 45 samples from a 5-m snow pit dug on Devon Island in 2004, reflecting 10 years of snow accumulation, yielded an average deposition rate of 340 ± 270 ng/m2/a (range: 20-1240 ng/m2/a) with pronounced accumulation of Sb during winter periods when air masses reaching the Arctic predominantly come from Eurasia. These data reveal that approximately 99.8% of the Sb deposited in the Arctic today originates from anthropogenic activities. Modern Sb enrichment factors averaged 25 (range: 8-121). The ice core provides evidence of Sb contamination dating from Phoenician/Greek, Roman, and medieval lead mining and smelting in Europe. Moreover, the ice core data indicate that anthropogenic sources of Sb have continuously dominated the atmospheric inputs to the Arctic for at least 700 years.

Preferred orientation of nanoscale order at the surface of amorphous Ge{sub 2}Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 5} films

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tony Li, Tian; Abelson, John R.; Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1308 W. Main St., Urbana, Illinois 61801

2013-11-11

We report evidence that as-deposited amorphous Ge{sub 2}Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 5} thin films contain nanoscale clusters that exhibit a preferred orientation, attributed to the earliest stages of heterogeneous nucleation. Fluctuation transmission electron microscopy reveals structural order in the samples, but (220)-related contributions are suppressed. When homogeneous nucleation is promoted via electron bombardment, the sample remains diffraction amorphous but the (220) contribution appears. We simulated data for randomly oriented nanoscale order using ab initio molecular-dynamics models of Ge{sub 2}Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 5}. The simulated (220) contribution always has larger magnitude than higher-order signals; thus, the lack of the experimental signal indicates a significantmore » preferred orientation.« less

Progression of Alzheimer disease as measured by Clinical Dementia Rating sum of boxes scores

PubMed Central

Williams, Monique M.; Storandt, Martha; Roe, Catherine M.; Morris, John C.

2013-01-01

Background This study examined rates of dementia progression as ascertained by the Clinical Dementia Rating sum of boxes (CDR-SB) for symptomatic Alzheimer disease (sAD) and assessed participant characteristics as predictors of CDR-SB progression. Methods Participants (n = 792) were enrolled in longitudinal studies at an Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, received a diagnosis of sAD with a global CDR of 0.5 (n = 466) or 1 (n = 326), and had at least one follow-up assessment. Progression in CDR-SB over time as a function of baseline global CDR was examined. Results A longitudinal increase (p<.0001) in CDR-SB was observed. The annual rate of change in CDR-SB scores was 1.43 (SE=.05) in the CDR 0.5 sample and 1.91 (SE=.07) in the CDR 1 sample. For participants followed from the beginning of the CDR stage, time to progression to a higher global CDR was longer for individuals who were CDR 0.5 (3.75 years; 95% CI 3.18-4.33) than those who were CDR 1 at baseline (2.98 years; 95%CI 2.75-3.22). In the total CDR 0.5 sample, the significant predictors of progression to the next global CDR stage (p<.01) were age at first sAD diagnosis and apolipoprotein E4 genotype. Conclusions The study findings are relevant to sAD clinical trial design and accurate, reliable ascertainment of the effect of disease-modifying treatments. PMID:22858530

Growth and characterization of InSb on (1 0 0) Si for mid-infrared application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jia, Bo Wen; Tan, Kian Hua; Loke, Wan Khai; Wicaksono, Satrio; Yoon, Soon Fatt

2018-05-01

Monolithic integration of InSb on (1 0 0) Si is a practical approach to realizing on-chip mid-infrared photonic devices. An InSb layer was grown on a (1 0 0) Si substrate using an AlSb/GaSb buffer containing InSb quantum dots (QDs). The growth process for the buffer involved the growth of GaSb on Si using an interfacial misfit array, followed by InSb QDs on AlSb to decrease the density of microtwins. InSb layers were separately grown on AlSb and GaSb surfaces to compare the effect of different interfacial misfit arrays. The samples were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction to determine the structural properties of the buffer and InSb layers. The InSb on the AlSb sample exhibited higher crystal quality than the InSb on GaSb sample due to a more favorable arrangement of interfacial misfit dislocations. Hall measurements of unintentionally doped InSb layers demonstrated a higher carrier mobility in the InSb on the AlSb sample than in InSb on GaSb. Growing InSb on AlSb also improved the photoresponsivity of InSb as a photoconductor on Si.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fahrnbauer, Felix; Urban, Philipp; Welzmiller, Simon

Antimony in germanium antimony tellurides (GeTe){sub n}(Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 3}) can be substituted by indium. Homogeneous bulk samples of GeSbInTe{sub 4} (R3-bar m, Z=3, a=4.21324(5) Å, c=41.0348(10) Å) and Ge{sub 2}SbInTe{sub 5} (P3-bar m1, Z=1, a=4.20204(6) Å, c=17.2076(4) Å) were obtained; their structures were refined with the Rietveld method. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation at the K edges of Sb and Te (exploiting anomalous dispersion) yields precise information on the element distribution in the trigonal layered structure of Ge{sub 3}SbInTe{sub 6} (R3-bar m, Z=3, a=4.19789(4) Å, c=62.1620(11) Å). The structure is characterized by van der Waals gaps between distorted rocksalt-typemore » slabs of alternating cation and anion layers. The cation concentration is commensurately modulated with Sb preferring the positions near the gaps. In contrast to unsubstituted Ge{sub 3}Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 6}, quenching the NaCl-type high-temperature phase (stable above ∼510 °C) easily yields a pseudocubic modification that is metastable at ambient conditions. Temperature-dependent powder diffraction reveals a broader stability range of the cubic high-temperature modification of Ge{sub 3}SbInTe{sub 6} compared to the ternary phases. In-containing samples partially decompose at ca. 300 °C but become homogeneous again when the high-temperature phase is formed. - Graphical abstract: Crystal structure of 33R-Ge{sub 3}SbInTe{sub 6} as determined by resonant X-ray diffraction, one example of the (GeTe){sub n}SbInTe{sub 3} series of compounds investigated. - Highlights: • The new compounds 21R-GeSbInTe{sub 4}, 9P-Ge{sub 2}SbInTe{sub 5} and 33R-Ge{sub 3}SbInTe are described. • The element distribution in 33R-Ge{sub 3}SbInTe{sub 6} was determined by resonant scattering. • The cation concentration in the crystal structure is strongly modulated. • The Sb substitution by In has a significant impact on phase transitions. • Results may be relevant for thermoelectrics and thin-film phase-change materials.« less

Comparison of platelet serotonin transporter activity in subjects with severe sleep bruxism and control.

PubMed

Minakuchi, Hajime; Sogawa, Chiharu; Hara, Emilio Satoshi; Miki, Haruna; Maekawa, Kenji; Sogawa, Norio; Kitayama, Shigeo; Matsuka, Yoshizo; Clark, Glenn T; Kuboki, Takuo

2014-10-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between sleep bruxism (SB) frequency and serotonin transporter (SERT)-driven serotonin (5-HT)-uptake in platelets. Subjects were dental trainee residents and faculty members of Okayama University Hospital who were aware of having severe or no SB. SB frequency was assessed for 3-consecutive nights by a self-contained electromyographic detector/analyzer, which indicated individual SB levels as one of four grades (score 0, 1, 2 and 3). Subjects were classified as normal control (NC) when SB scores indicated only 0 or 1 during the 3 nights, or as severe SB for scores 2 or 3. Those subjects whose scores fluctuated from 0 to 3 during the 3 nights were omitted from further analysis. Fasting peripheral venous blood samples were collected in the morning following the final SB assessment. Amounts of SERTs proteins collected from peripheral platelets were quantified using ELISA, and SERTs transport activity was assessed by uptake assay using [3H]-5-HT. Thirteen severe SB subjects and 7 NC subjects were eligible. Gender distribution, mean age, 5-HT concentration and total amounts of SERT protein in platelets showed no significant differences between NC and severe SB (p=0.85: Chi-squared test; p=0.64, 0.26, 0.46: t-test). However, [3H]-5-HT uptake by platelets was significantly greater in NC compared to severe SB subjects (12.79±1.97, 8.27±1.91 fmol/10(5) platelets/min, p<0.001, t-test). The results of this pilot study suggest a possible correlation between peripheral platelet serotonin transporter uptake ability and SB severity. Copyright © 2014 Japan Prosthodontic Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Enhancement of thermoelectric figure-of-merit at low temperatures by titanium substitution for hafnium in n-type half-Heuslers Hf0.75-xTixZr0.25NiSn0.99Sb0.01

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Joshi, Giri; Dahal, Tulashi; Chen, Shuo

The effect of titanium (Ti) substitution for hafnium (Hf) on thermoelectric properties of (Hf, Zr)-based n-type half-Heuslers: Hf 0.75-xTi xZr 0.25NiSn 0.99Sb 0.01, has been studied. The samples are made by arc melting followed by ball milling and hot pressing via the nanostructuring approach. A peak thermoelectric figure-of-merit (ZT) of ~1.0 is achieved at 500 °C in samples with a composition of Hf 0.5Zr 0.25Ti 0.25NiSn 0.99Sb 0.01 due to a slight increase in carrier concentration and also a lower thermal conductivity caused by Ti. TheZT values below 500 °C of hot pressed Hf 0.5Zr 0.25Ti 0.25NiSn 0.99Sb 0.01 samplesmore » are significantly higher than those of the same way prepared Hf 0.75Zr 0.25NiSn 0.99Sb 0.01samples at each temperature, which are very much desired for mid-range temperature applications such as waste heat recovery in automobiles.« less

Chemical vapor generation sample introduction for the determination of As, Cd, Sb, Hg, and Pb in nail polish by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Fan-Feng; Jiang, Shiuh-Jen; Chen, Yen-Ling; Sahayam, A. C.

2018-02-01

This paper describes a flow injection vapor generation (VG) method using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for determining As, Cd, Sb, Hg, and Pb in nail polish. The samples for VG were prepared as aqueous slurries of a nail polish (0.5% m/v), thiourea (1% m/v), Co(II) (0.75 μg mL- 1), and HCl (1.2% v/v). Chemical VG of As, Cd, Sb, Hg, and Pb ions, by reduction with tetrahydroborate (3% m/v in 0.2% m/v NaOH), enabled their separation from the slurry. With VG sample introduction, As, Cd, Sb and Hg signals were increased by 1-2 orders (except Pb) compared to solution nebulization due to better sample introduction. Quantifications were performed by VG ICP-MS using isotope dilution and standard addition methods as slopes of calibration plots of analytes in the slurries were higher. Using the reported procedure, samples of three nail polishes purchased locally were analyzed for their levels of As, Cd, Sb, Hg, and Pb. The results obtained were in good agreement with those measured using electrothermal vaporization ICP-MS. In the original nail polish sample, the detection limits, calculated as 3σ of blank measurements, for As, Cd, Sb, Hg, and Pb, estimated from standard addition curves, were 0.06, 0.12, 0.14, 0.2, and 12 ng g- 1, respectively.

Synthesis and characterization of Fe-Ti-Sb intermetallic compounds: Discovery of a new Slater-Pauling phase

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Naghibolashrafi, N.; Keshavarz, S.; Hegde, Vinay I.; Gupta, A.; Butler, W. H.; Romero, J.; Munira, K.; LeClair, P.; Mazumdar, D.; Ma, J.; Ghosh, A. W.; Wolverton, C.

2016-03-01

Compounds of Fe, Ti, and Sb were prepared using arc melting and vacuum annealing. Fe2TiSb , expected to be a full Heusler compound crystallizing in the L 21 structure, was shown by XRD and SEM analyses to be composed of weakly magnetic grains of nominal composition Fe1.5TiSb with iron-rich precipitates in the grain boundaries. FeTiSb, a composition consistent with the formation of a half-Heusler compound, also decomposed into Fe1.5TiSb grains with Ti-Sb rich precipitates and was weakly magnetic. The dominant Fe1.5TiSb phase appears to crystallize in a defective L 21 -like structure with iron vacancies. Based on this finding, a first-principles DFT-based binary cluster expansion of Fe and vacancies on the Fe sublattice of the L 21 structure was performed. Using the cluster expansion, we computationally scanned >103 configurations and predict a novel, stable, nonmagnetic semiconductor phase to be the zero-temperature ground state. This new structure is an ordered arrangement of Fe and vacancies, belonging to the space group R 3 m , with composition Fe1.5TiSb , i.e., between the full- and half-Heusler compositions. This phase can be visualized as alternate layers of L 21 phase Fe2TiSb and C 1b phase FeTiSb, with layering along the [111] direction of the original cubic phases. Our experimental results on annealed samples support this predicted ground-state composition, but further work is required to confirm that the R 3 m structure is the ground state.

Tailoring Morphology and Size of Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Sn-5.5 wt.%Sb-1 wt.%(Cu,Ag) Solder Alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dias, Marcelino; Costa, Thiago A.; Soares, Thiago; Silva, Bismarck L.; Cheung, Noé; Spinelli, José E.; Garcia, Amauri

2018-02-01

Transient directional solidification experiments, and further optical and scanning electron microscopy analyses and tensile tests, allowed the dependence of tensile properties on the micromorphology and length scale of the dendritic/cellular matrix of ternary Sn-5.5Sb-1Ag and Sn-5.5Sb-1Cu alloys to be determined. Extensive ranges of cooling rates were obtained, which permitted specific values of cooling rate for each sample examined along the length of the casting to be attributed. Very broad microstructural length scales were revealed as well as the presence of either cells or dendrites for the Ag-containing alloy. Hereafter, microstructural spacing values such as the cellular spacing, λ c, and the primary dendritic spacing, λ 1, may be correlated with thermal solidification parameters, that is, the cooling rate and the growth rate. While, for the Cu-containing Sn-Sb alloy, the β-Sn matrix is characterized only by the presence of dendritic arrangements, the Ag-containing Sn-Sb alloy is shown to have high-velocity β-Sn cells associated with high cooling rate regions, i.e., positions closer to the bottom of the alloy casting, with the remaining positions being characterized by a complex growth of β-Sn dendrites. Minor additions of Cu and Ag increase both the yield and ultimate tensile strengths when compared with the corresponding values of the binary Sn-5.5Sb alloy, with a small reduction in ductility. This has been attributed to the homogeneous distribution of the Ag3Sn and Cu6Sn5 intermetallic particles related to smaller λ 1 characterizing the dendritic zones of the ternary Sn-Sb-(Cu,Ag) alloys. In addition, the Ag-modified Sn-Sb alloy exhibited an initial wetting angle consistent with that characterizing the binary Sn-5.5Sb alloy.

Zeta potential study of Sb2S3 nanoparticles synthesized by a facile polyol method in various surfactants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saxena, Monika; Okram, Gunadhor Singh

2018-05-01

In the present work, we report the successful synthesis of stibnite Sb2S3 nanoparticles (NPs) by a facile polyol method using various surfactant. The structural and optical properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and Zeta potential. Rietveld refinement of XRD data confirms the single phase orthorhombic crystal structure of stibnite Sb2S3. Presence of six obvious Raman modes further confirmed their stoichiometric formation. Effect of different surfactants on the surface charge of Sb2S3 NPs was studied using Zeta potential measurement in deionized water at different pH values. They reveal that these NPs are more stable when it was synthesized in presence of EDTA than that of CTAB or without surfactant samples with high zeta potential. The isoelectronic point was found at pH = 6.4 for pure sample, 3.5 and 7.2 for CTAB and not found for EDTA Sb2S3 samples. This information can be useful for many industrial applications like pharmaceuticals, ceramics, waste water treatment and medicines.

Metagenomic approach reveals variation of microbes with arsenic and antimony metabolism genes from highly contaminated soil.

PubMed

Luo, Jinming; Bai, Yaohui; Liang, Jinsong; Qu, Jiuhui

2014-01-01

Microbes have great potential for arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) bioremediation in heavily contaminated soil because they have the ability to biotransform As and Sb to species that have less toxicity or are more easily removed. In this study, we integrated a metagenomic method with physicochemical characterization to elucidate the composition of microbial community and functional genes (related to As and Sb) in a high As (range from 34.11 to 821.23 mg kg-1) and Sb (range from 226.67 to 3923.07 mg kg-1) contaminated mine field. Metagenomic analysis revealed that microbes from 18 phyla were present in the 5 samples of soil contaminated with high As and Sb. Moreover, redundancy analysis (RDA) of the relationship between the 18 phyla and the concentration of As and Sb demonstrated that 5 phyla of microbes, i.e. Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae, Tenericutes and Gemmatimonadetes were positively correlated with As and Sb concentration. The distribution, diversity and abundance of functional genes (including arsC, arrA, aioA, arsB and ACR3) were much higher for the samples containing higher As and Sb concentrations. Based on correlation analysis, the results showed a positive relationship between arsC-like (R2 = 0.871) and aioA-like (R2 = 0.675) gene abundance and As concentration, and indicated that intracellular As(V) reduction and As(III) oxidation could be the dominant As detoxification mechanism enabling the microbes to survive in the environment. This study provides a direct and reliable reference on the diversity of microbial community and functional genes in an extremely high concentration As- and Sb-contaminated environment.

Metagenomic Approach Reveals Variation of Microbes with Arsenic and Antimony Metabolism Genes from Highly Contaminated Soil

PubMed Central

Luo, Jinming; Bai, Yaohui; Liang, Jinsong; Qu, Jiuhui

2014-01-01

Microbes have great potential for arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) bioremediation in heavily contaminated soil because they have the ability to biotransform As and Sb to species that have less toxicity or are more easily removed. In this study, we integrated a metagenomic method with physicochemical characterization to elucidate the composition of microbial community and functional genes (related to As and Sb) in a high As (range from 34.11 to 821.23 mg kg−1) and Sb (range from 226.67 to 3923.07 mg kg−1) contaminated mine field. Metagenomic analysis revealed that microbes from 18 phyla were present in the 5 samples of soil contaminated with high As and Sb. Moreover, redundancy analysis (RDA) of the relationship between the 18 phyla and the concentration of As and Sb demonstrated that 5 phyla of microbes, i.e. Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae, Tenericutes and Gemmatimonadetes were positively correlated with As and Sb concentration. The distribution, diversity and abundance of functional genes (including arsC, arrA, aioA, arsB and ACR3) were much higher for the samples containing higher As and Sb concentrations. Based on correlation analysis, the results showed a positive relationship between arsC-like (R2 = 0.871) and aioA-like (R2 = 0.675) gene abundance and As concentration, and indicated that intracellular As(V) reduction and As(III) oxidation could be the dominant As detoxification mechanism enabling the microbes to survive in the environment. This study provides a direct and reliable reference on the diversity of microbial community and functional genes in an extremely high concentration As- and Sb-contaminated environment. PMID:25299175

Bi flux-dependent MBE growth of GaSbBi alloys

DOE PAGES

Rajpalke, M. K.; Linhart, W. M.; Yu, K. M.; ...

2015-03-05

The incorporation of Bi in GaSb 1-xBi x alloys grown by molecular beam epitaxy is investigated as a function of Bi flux at fixed growth temperature (275 °C) and growth rate (1 μm h⁻¹). The Bi content is found to vary proportionally with Bi flux with Bi contents, as measured by Rutherford backscattering, in the range 0 < x ≤ 4.5%. The GaSbBi samples grown at the lowest Bi fluxes have smooth surfaces free of metallic droplets. The higher Bi flux samples have surface Bi droplets. The room temperature band gap of the GaSbBi epitaxial layers determined from optical absorptionmore » decreases linearly with increasing Bi content with a reduction of ~32 meV/%Bi.« less

Simultaneous speciation and preservation of aqueous As, Sb and Se redox couples

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, D.; Pichler, T.

2014-12-01

We developed a new method for the simultaneous speciation analysis of inorganic arsenic (III, V), antimony (III, V) and selenium (IV, VI) in water samples via double-focusing sector field-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A Hamilton PRX-X100 anion exchange column with EDTA (pH of 4.7) and 3% methanol as mobile phase was used for species separation. The flow rate was set to 1.5 mL min-1 and a solvent gradient (linear ramp from 5 mM to 30 mM) was applied. The overall analysis time for all six desired species was 11 minutes. The detection limits for As(III), As(V), Sb(III), Sb(V), Se(VI) and Se(IV) were 0.02 μg L-1, 0.06 μg L-1, 0.2 μg L-1, 0.02 μg L-1, 0.2 μg L-1 and 0.4 μg L-1 respectively. The retention times for As(III), As(V), Sb(III), Sb(V), Se(IV) and Se(VI) were 1.70, 2.94, 7.14, 2.28, 3.38 and 9.36 min, respectively. Subsequently, the stability of inorganic As(III, V), Sb(III, V) and Se(IV, VI) species in different water samples (groundwater, lake water and river water) was studied over a time scale of 11 weeks. High concentrations of Fe (25.0 mg/L) and Mn (25.0 mg/L) were added to different matrices to simulate Fe and Mn rich environments. All samples were spiked with 5.0 μg/L As(III, V) and Sb(III, V) and 15.0 μg/L Se(IV, VI).. We investigated several strategies for species preservation, i.e., EDTA only, EDTA combined with acidification (HCl, HNO3, formic acid and acetic acid). The preserved samples were stored at 4 °C in the dark. For comparison, another subsample without any preservation was stored at room temperature in the presence of light. The results showed that a combination EDTA acidified to pH of 3 can be used to preserve all species for at least 11 weeks. While EDTA only (pH = 6) failed to preserve As and Sb species, although Se species were preserved.

Electronic media time and sedentary behaviors in children: Findings from the Built Environment and Active Play Study in the Washington DC area.

PubMed

Roberts, Jennifer D; Rodkey, Lindsey; Ray, Rashawn; Knight, Brandon; Saelens, Brian E

2017-06-01

An objective of the Built Environment and Active Play (BEAP) Study was to examine whether home built environment, bedroom electronic presence, parental rules and demographics predicted children's sedentary behavior (SB). In 2014, BEAP Study questionnaires were mailed to 2000 parents of children (7-12 years) within the Washington DC area. SB-Duration (hours/day) and SB-Frequency (days/week) were assessed by two questions with multiple subparts relating to SB activity type (e.g. car riding) and SB companionship (e.g. friends). Built environment, bedroom electronic presence, parental rules and demographic data were obtained through questionnaire items and ordered logistic regression models were used to examine whether these variables were associated with SB. Study sample included 144 children (female (50%); average age (9.7 years); White (56.3%); Black/African-American (23.7%); Asian-Americans (10.4%)). Nearly 40% of the sample reported daily solitary SB with car riding being the most frequently reported type of SB. Children living on streets without a dead-end/cul-de-sac exhibited a higher odds in SB-Duration using electric media [2.61 (CI: 1.31, 5.18)] and having no television in a child's bedroom was associated with a lower odds in SB-Frequency [0.048 (CI: 0.006, 0.393)] and SB-Duration [0.085 (CI: 0.018, 0.395)]. Non-Hispanic/Latino children were also found to have higher odds in solitary SB-Frequency when parental rules of electronic use were modeled [8.56 (CI: 1.11, 66.01)]. Based on results from this cross-sectional study, home neighborhood built environment, bedroom electronic presence and absence of parental rules can significantly predict children's SB.

Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties of Double-Filled CoSb3 via High-Pressure Regulating.

PubMed

Wang, Libin; Deng, Le; Qin, Jieming; Jia, Xiaopeng

2018-05-24

It has been discussed for a long time that synthetic pressure can effectively optimize thermoelectric properties. The beneficial effect of synthesis pressures on thermoelectric properties has been discussed for a long time. In this paper, it is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that appropriate synthesis pressures can increase the figure of merit (ZT) through optimizing thermal transport and electronic transport properties. Indium and barium atoms double-filled CoSb 3 samples were prepared use high-pressure and high-temperature technique for half an hour. X-ray diffraction and some structure analysis were used to reveal the relationship between microstructures and thermoelectric properties. In 0.15 Ba 0.35 Co 4 Sb 12 samples were synthesized by different pressures; sample synthesized by 3 GPa has the best electrical transport properties, and sample synthesized by 2.5 GPa has the lowest thermal conductivity. The maximum ZT value of sample synthesized by 3.0 GPa reached 1.18.

Photoconductivity in the chalcohalide semiconductor, SbSeI: a new candidate for hard radiation detection.

PubMed

Wibowo, Arief C; Malliakas, Christos D; Liu, Zhifu; Peters, John A; Sebastian, Maria; Chung, Duck Young; Wessels, Bruce W; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G

2013-06-17

We investigated an antimony chalcohalide compound, SbSeI, as a potential semiconductor material for X-ray and γ-ray detection. SbSeI has a wide band gap of 1.70 eV with a density of 5.80 g/cm(3), and it crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group with a one-dimensional chain structure comprised of infinite zigzag chains of dimers [Sb2Se4I8]n running along the crystallographic b axis. In this study, we investigate conditions for vertical Bridgman crystal growth using combinations of the peak temperature and temperature gradients as well as translation rate set in a three-zone furnace. SbSeI samples grown at 495 °C peak temperature and 19 °C/cm temperature gradient with 2.5 mm/h translation rate produced a single phase of columnar needlelike crystals aligned along the translational direction of the growth. The ingot sample exhibited an n-type semiconductor with resistivity of ∼10(8) Ω·cm. Photoconductivity measurements on these specimens allowed us to determine mobility-lifetime (μτ) products for electron and hole carriers that were found to be of similar order of magnitude (∼10(-4) cm(2)/V). Further, the SbSeI ingot with well-aligned, one-dimensional columnar needlelike crystals shows an appreciable response of Ag Kα X-ray.

The presence and leachability of antimony in different wastes and waste handling facilities in Norway.

PubMed

Okkenhaug, G; Almås, Å R; Morin, N; Hale, S E; Arp, H P H

2015-11-01

The environmental behaviour of antimony (Sb) is gathering attention due to its increasingly extensive use in various products, particularly in plastics. Because of this it may be expected that plastic waste is an emission source for Sb in the environment. This study presents a comprehensive field investigation of Sb concentrations in diverse types of waste from waste handling facilities in Norway. The wastes included waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), glass, vehicle fluff, combustibles, bottom ash, fly ash and digested sludge. The highest solid Sb concentrations were found in WEEE and vehicle plastic (from 1238 to 1715 mg kg(-1)) and vehicle fluff (from 34 to 4565 mg kg(-1)). The type of acid used to digest the diverse solid waste materials was also tested. It was found that HNO3:HCl extraction gave substantially lower, non-quantitative yields compared to HNO3:HF. The highest water-leachable concentration for wastes when mixed with water at a 1 : 10 ratio were observed for plastic (from 0.6 to 2.0 mg kg(-1)) and bottom ash (from 0.4 to 0.8 mg kg(-1)). For all of the considered waste fractions, Sb(v) was the dominant species in the leachates, even though Sb(iii) as Sb2O3 is mainly used in plastics and other products, indicating rapid oxidation in water. This study also presents for the first time a comparison of Sb concentrations in leachate at waste handling facilities using both active grab samples and DGT passive samples. Grab samples target the total suspended Sb, whereas DGT targets the sum of free- and other chemically labile species. The grab sample concentrations (from 0.5 to 50 μg L(-1)) were lower than the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) of 113 μg L(-1). The DGT concentrations were substantially lower (from 0.05 to 9.93 μg L(-1)) than the grab samples, indicating much of the Sb is present in a non-available colloidal form. In addition, air samples were taken from the chimney and areas within combustible waste incinerators, as well as from the vent of WEEE sorting facility. The WEEE vent had the highest Sb concentration (from <100 to 2200 ng m(-3)), which were orders of magnitude higher than the air surrounding the combustible shredder (from 25 to 217 ng m(-3)), and the incinerator chimney (from <30 to 100 ng m(-3)). From these results, it seems evident that Sb from waste is not an environmental concern in Norway, and that Sb is mostly readily recovered from plastic and bottom ash.

Thermoelectric properties of Nb3SbxTe7-x compounds

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Snyder, J.; Wang, S.; Caillat, T.

2002-01-01

Niobium antimony telluride, Nb3Sbx,Te7-x, was synthesized and tested for thermoelectric properties in the Thermoelectrics group at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The forty atoms per unit cell of Nb3Sb2Te5 and its varied mixture of atoms yield acomplicated structure, suggesting that Nb3Sb2Te5 and related compounds may exhibit low thermal conductivity and hence a higher ZT value. Nb3SbxTe7-x, compounds were synthesized and subsequently analyzed for their Seebeck voltage, heat conduction, and electrical resistivity. Results indicate that Nb3Sb2Te5 is a heavily doped semiconductor whose thermoelectric properties are compromised by compensating n-type and p-type carriers. Attempts to dope in favor of either carrier by varying the Sb:Te ratio yielded samples containing secondary metallic phases that dominated the transport properties of the resulting compounds.

Influence of Si and N additions on structure and phase stability of Ge(2)Sb(2)Te(5) thin films.

PubMed

Kölpin, Helmut; Music, Denis; Laptyeva, Galyna; Ghadimi, Reza; Merget, Florian; Richter, Silvia; Mykhaylonka, Ruslàn; Mayer, Joachim; Schneider, Jochen M

2009-10-28

The influence of Si and N in Ge(2)Sb(2)Te(5) (space group [Formula: see text]) on structure and phase stability thereof was studied experimentally by thin film growth and characterization as well as theoretically by ab initio calculations. It was found that Si and N most probably accumulate in the amorphous matrix embedding Ge(2)Sb(2)Te(5) grains. The incorporation of Si and N in these samples causes an increase of the crystallization temperature and the formation of finer grains. N is more efficient in increasing the crystallization temperature and in reducing the grain size than Si which can be understood based on the bonding analysis. The incorporation of both Si and N in Ge(2)Sb(2)Te(5) is energetically unfavourable, leading to finer grains and larger crystallization temperatures. While in the case of Si additions no significant changes in bonding are observed, N additions appear to enable the formation of strong Te-N bonds in the amorphous matrix, which are shown to be almost twice as strong as the strongest bonds in unalloyed Ge(2)Sb(2)Te(5).

Sampling of trace volatile metal(loid) compounds in ambient air using polymer bags: a convenient method.

PubMed

Haas, K; Feldmann, J

2000-09-01

The sampling of volatile metal(loid) compounds (VOMs) such as hydrides, methylated, and permethylated species of arsenic, antimony, and tin is described using Tedlar bags. Advantages as well as limitations and constraints are discussed and compared to other widely used sampling techniques within this area, namely, stainless steel canisters, cryotrapping, and solid adsorbent cartridges. To prove the suitability of Tedlar bags for the sampling of volatile metal(loid) compounds, series of stability tests have been run using both laboratory synthetic and real samples analyzed periodically after increasing periods of storage. The samples have been stored in the dark at 20 degrees C and at 50 degrees C. Various volatile arsenic species (AsH3, MeAsH2, Me2AsH, Me3As), tin species (SnH4, MeSnH3, Me2SnH2, Me3SnH, Me4Sn, BuSnH3), and antimony species (SbH3, MeSbH2, Me2SbH, Me3Sb) have been generated using hydride generation methodology and mixed with moisturized air. Three static gaseous atmospheres with concentrations of 0.3-18 ng/L for the various compounds have been generated in Tedlar bags, and the stability of the VOMs has been monitored over a period of 5 weeks. Sewage sludge digester gas samples have been stored only at 20 degrees C for a period of 48 h. Cryotrapping GC/ICPMS has been used for the determination of the VOMs with a relative standard deviation of 5% for 100 pg. After 8 h, the recovery rate of all the compounds in the air atmospheres was better than 95% at 20 and 50 degrees C, whereas the recovery after 24 h was found to be between 81 and 99% for all VOMs at 20 and 50 degrees C except for Me3Sb and Me3As. These species show a loss between 48 and 73% at both temperatures. After 5 weeks at 20 degrees C, a loss of only 25-50% for arsine and stibine and the above-mentioned tin compounds was determined. Only Me3Sb, Me3Bi, and Me2Te were present in the digester gas sample. After 24 h, losses of 44, 10, and 12%, respectively, could be determined. Given these results, Tedlar bags could even be used, with some limitations, for long-term sampling of air containing traces of VOMs. The loss is more pronounced at higher temperatures.

The formation, structure, and ageing of As-rich hydrous ferric oxide at the abandoned Sb deposit Pezinok (Slovakia)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Majzlan, Juraj; Lalinská, Bronislava; Chovan, Martin; Jurkovič, L.'ubomír; Milovská, Stanislava; Göttlicher, Jörg

2007-09-01

The abandoned Sb deposit Pezinok in Slovakia is a significant source of As and Sb pollution that can be traced in the upper horizons of soils kilometers downstream. The source of the metalloids are two tailing impoundments which hold ˜380,000 m 3 of mining waste. The tailings and the discharged water have circumneutral pH values (7.0 ± 0.6) because the acidity generated by the decomposition of the primary sulfides (pyrite, FeS 2; arsenopyrite, FeAsS; berthierite, FeSb 2S 4) is rapidly neutralized by the abundant carbonates. The weathering rims on the primary sulfides are iron oxides which act as very efficient scavengers of As and Sb (with up to 19.2 wt% As and 23.7 wt% Sb). In-situ μ-XANES experiments indicate that As in the weathering rims is fully oxidized (As 5+). The pore solutions in the impoundment body contain up to 81 ppm As and 2.5 ppm Sb. Once these solutions are discharged from the impoundments, they precipitate or deposit masses of As-rich hydrous ferric oxide (As-HFO) with up to 28.3 wt% As 2O 5 and 2.7 wt% Sb. All As-HFO samples are amorphous to X-rays. They contain Fe and As in their highest oxidation state and in octahedral and tetrahedral coordination, respectively, as suggested by XANES and EXAFS studies on Fe K and As K edges. The iron octahedra in the As-HFO share edges to form short single chains and the chains polymerize by sharing edges or corners with the adjacent units. The arsenate ions attach to the chains in a bidentate-binuclear and monodentate fashion. In addition, hydrogen-bonded complexes may exist to satisfy the bonding requirements of all oxygen atoms in the first coordination sphere of As 5+. Structural changes in the As-HFO samples were traced by chemical analyses and Fe EXAFS spectroscopy during an ageing experiment. As the samples age, As becomes more easily leachable. EXAFS spectra show a discernible trend of increasing number of Fe-Fe pairs at a distance of 3.3-3.5 Å, that is, increasing polymerization of the iron octahedra to form larger units with fewer adsorption sites. Therefore, although ferrihydrite is an excellent material for capturing arsenic, its use as a medium for a long-term storage of As has to be considered with a great caution because it will tend to release arsenic as it ages.

Sb-related defects in Sb-doped ZnO thin film grown by pulsed laser deposition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luo, Caiqin; Ho, Lok-Ping; Azad, Fahad; Anwand, Wolfgang; Butterling, Maik; Wagner, Andreas; Kuznetsov, Andrej; Zhu, Hai; Su, Shichen; Ling, Francis Chi-Chung

2018-04-01

Sb-doped ZnO films were fabricated on c-plane sapphire using the pulsed laser deposition method and characterized by Hall effect measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, and positron annihilation spectroscopy. Systematic studies on the growth conditions with different Sb composition, oxygen pressure, and post-growth annealing were conducted. If the Sb doping concentration is lower than the threshold ˜8 × 1020 cm-3, the as-grown films grown with an appropriate oxygen pressure could be n˜4 × 1020 cm-3. The shallow donor was attributed to the SbZn related defect. Annealing these samples led to the formation of the SbZn-2VZn shallow acceptor which subsequently compensated for the free carrier. For samples with Sb concentration exceeding the threshold, the yielded as-grown samples were highly resistive. X-ray diffraction results showed that the Sb dopant occupied the O site rather than the Zn site as the Sb doping exceeded the threshold, whereas the SbO related deep acceptor was responsible for the high resistivity of the samples.

Current status of final design and R&D for ITER blanket shield blocks in Korea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ha, M. S.; Kim, S. W.; Jung, H. C.; Hwang, H. S.; Heo, Y. G.; Kim, D. H.; Ahn, H. J.; Lee, H. G.; Jung, K. J.

2015-07-01

The main function of the ITER blanket shield block (SB) is to provide nuclear shielding and support the first wall (FW) panel. It needs to accommodate all the components located on the vacuum vessel (in particular the in-vessel coils, blanket manifolds and the diagnostics). The conceptual, preliminary and final design reviews have been completed in the framework of the Blanket Integrated Product Team. The Korean Domestic Agency has successfully completed not only the final design activities, including thermo-hydraulic and thermo-mechanical analyses for SBs #2, #6, #8 and #16, but also the SB full scale prototype (FSP) pre-qualification program prior to issuing of the procurement agreement. SBs #2 and #6 are located at the in-board region of the tokamak. The pressure drop was less than 0.3 MPa and fully satisfied the design criteria. The thermo-mechanical stresses were also allowable even though the peak stresses occurred at nearby radial slit end holes, and their fatigue lives were evaluated over many more than 30 000 cycles. SB #8 is one of the most difficult modules to design, since this module will endure severe thermal loading not only from nuclear heating but also from plasma heat flux at uncovered regions by the FW. In order to resolve this design issue, the neutral beam shine-through module concept was applied to the FW uncovered region and it has been successfully verified as a possible design solution. SB #16 is located at the out-board central region of the tokamak. This module is under much higher nuclear loading than other modules and is covered by an enhanced heat flux FW panel. In the early design stage, many cooling headers on the front region were inserted to mitigate peak stresses near the access hole and radial slit end hole. However, the cooling headers on the front region needed to be removed in order to reduce the risk from cover welding during manufacturing. A few cooling headers now remain after efforts through several iterations to remove them and to optimize the cooling channels. The SB #8 FSP was manufactured and tested in accordance with the pre-qualification program based on the preliminary design, and related R&D activities were implemented to resolve the fabrication issues. This paper provides the current status of the final design and relevant R&D activities of the blanket SB.

Chalcogenide Materials Fabrication and Initial Characterization for Reconfigurable Interconnect Technology

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-10-01

The oxide has lower values of (n, k) than Ge2Sb2Te5, and can be etched by hydrofluoric acid or water. No change in the optical constants of the...system. Spin densities were estimated by comparison with a standard sample ( weak pitch). Details are available elsewhere [15]. Both x-ray and x...121Sb and 123Sb are 588A = G, G and G, G, respectively [17]. The simulation yields broad features near 2300 and 4400 G, which are too weak in

Electrical transport property, thermal stability and oxidation resistance of single crystalline β-Zn4Sb3 prepared using the Bi-Sn mixed-flux method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deng, Shuping; Li, Decong; Chen, Zhong; Tang, Yu; Shen, Lanxian; Deng, Shukang

2017-12-01

Single crystal samples β-Zn4Sb3 have been prepared by using Bi-Sn mixed-flux method. The obtained crystals exhibit p-type conduction behavior with carrier concentration varying from 4.40 × 1019 to 18.12 × 1019 cm-3 as carrier mobility changes from 25.8 to 61.5 cm2 V-1 s-1 at room temperature. Electrical transport properties of the samples were optimized by Bi-Sn co-doped, which brought by Bi-Sn mixed-flux. And the maximal power factor of 1.45 × 10-3 W m-1 K-2 is achieved at 510 K for the sample with Bi flux content x = 0.5. Consequently, the oxidation resistance of the sample was determined by exploring the effects of heat treatment in air on electrical transport properties and thermal stability, which the single crystalline β-Zn4Sb3 still possess an excellent oxidation resistance and thermal stability after the heat treatment process.

Enhanced stability of Bi-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 amorphous films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dyussembayev, S.; Prikhodko, O.; Tsendin, K.; Timoshenkov, S.; Korobova, N.

2014-09-01

Although, several reviews have appeared on various physical properties and applications of chalcogenide glasses, there is no thorough study of local atomic structure and its modification for eutectic Ge-Sb-Te alloys doped with Bi. Ge2Sb2Te5 pure and Bi-doped films were deposited by ion-plasma sputtering method of synthesized GTS material on Si (100) and glass substrates coated with a conductive Al layer which was used as a bottom electrode. Current-voltage characteristics of different points of the same samples have been measured. Random distribution of inclusions within the sample made it possible to investigate the dependence of switching and memory effects on the phase composition at a constant value of other parameters. Measurements in the current controlled mode clearly showed that the memory state formation voltage does not depend on current in a wide range. Results indicate that the development of imaging technologies phase memory cells need to pay special attention to the conditions of Ge-Sb-Te film preparation. To increase the number of cycles "write - erase" should be additional prolonged annealing of the synthesized films.

Sleep bruxism frequency and platelet serotonin transporter activities in young adult subjects.

PubMed

Minakuchi, Hajime; Sogawa, Chiharu; Miki, Haruna; Hara, Emilio S; Maekawa, Kenji; Sogawa, Norio; Kitayama, Shigeo; Matsuka, Yoshizo; Clark, Glenn Thomas; Kuboki, Takuo

2016-03-01

To evaluate correlations between serotonin transporter (SERT) uptake ability in human peripheral platelets and sleep bruxism (SB) frequency. Subjects were consecutively recruited from sixth-year students at Okayama University Dental School. Subjects were excluded if they (1) were receiving orthodontic treatment, (2) had a dermatological disease, (3) had taken an antidepressant within 6 months, or (4) had used an oral appliance within 6 months. SB frequency was determined as the summary score of three consecutive night assessments using a self-contained electromyography detector/analyzer in their home. Fasting peripheral venous blood samples were collected in the morning following the final SB assessment. SERT amount and platelet number were quantified via an ELISA assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Functional SERT characterization, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake, maximum velocity (V max), and an affinity constant (K m ) were assessed with a [(3)H] 5-HT uptake assay. The correlations between these variables and SB level were evaluated. Among 50 eligible subjects (26 males, mean age 25.4 ± 2.41 years), 7 were excluded because of venipuncture failure, smoking, and alcohol intake during the experimental period. A small but significant negative correlation between SB level and [(3)H] 5-HT uptake was observed (Spearman's correlation R (2) = 0.063, p = 0.04). However, there were no significant correlations between SB level and total platelet amount, SERT, V max, and K m values (p = 0.08, 0.12, 0.71, and 0.68, respectively). Platelet serotonin uptake is significantly associated with SB frequency, yet only explains a small amount of SB variability.

Fate of antimony and arsenic in contaminated waters at the abandoned Su Suergiu mine (Sardinia, Italy)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cidu, Rosa; Dore, Elisabetta; Biddau, Riccardo; Nordstrom, D. Kirk

2018-01-01

We investigated the fate of Sb and As downstream of the abandoned Su Suergiu mine (Sardinia, Italy) and surrounding areas. The mined area is a priority in the Sardinian remediation plan for contaminated sites due to the high concentrations of Sb and As in the mining-related wastes, which may impact the Flumendosa River that supplies water for agriculture and domestic uses. Hydrogeochemical surveys conducted from 2005 to 2015 produced time-series data and downstream profiles of water chemistry at 46 sites. Water was sampled at: springs and streams unaffected by mining; adits and streams in the mine area; drainage from the slag heaps; stream water downstream of the slag drainages; and the Flumendosa River downstream from the confluence of the contaminated waters. At specific sites, water sampling was repeated under different flow conditions, resulting in a total of 99 samples. The water samples were neutral to slightly alkaline. Elevated Sb (up to 30 mg L−1) and As (up to 16 mg L−1) concentrations were observed in water flowing from the slag materials from where the Sb ore was processed. These slag materials were the main Sb and As source at Su Suergiu. A strong base, Na-carbonate, from the foundry wastes, had a major influence on mobilizing Sb and As. Downstream contamination can be explained by considering that: (1) the predominant aqueous species, Sb(OH)6 − and HAsO4 −2, are not favored in sorption processes at the observed pH conditions; (2) precipitation of Sb- and As-bearing solid phases was not observed, which is consistent with modeling results indicating undersaturation; and (3) the main decrease in dissolved Sb and As concentrations was by dilution. Dissolved As concentrations in the Flumendosa River did not generally exceed the EU limit of 10 µg L−1, whereas dissolved Sb in the river downstream of the contamination source always exceeded the EU limit of 5 µg L−1. Recent actions aimed at retaining runoff from the slag heaps are apparently not sufficiently mitigating contamination in the Flumendosa River.

Morphology, structure, optical, and electrical properties of AgSbO3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yi, Z. G.; Liu, Y.; Withers, R. L.

2010-07-01

The morphology of defect pyrochlore-type, AgSbO3 microparticle/nanoparticles obtained via solid state reaction evolve from irregular to Fullerene-like polyhedra before finally decomposing into metal-organic framework-5 like particles with increase in sintering temperature. The defect pyrochlore-type AgSbO3 particles are slightly Ag deficient while the valence of the antimony ion is shown to be +5 giving rise to a probable stoichiometry of Ag1-xSbVO3-x/2, with x˜0.01-0.04. A highly structured diffuse intensity distribution observed via electron diffraction is interpreted in terms of correlated displacements of one-dimensional (1D) silver ion chains along ⟨110⟩ directions. A redshifting in the absorption edges in UV-visible absorption spectra is observed for samples prepared at sintering temperatures higher than 1000 °C and attributed to the surface plasma resonance effect associated with small amounts of excess metallic Ag on the Ag1-xSbVO3-x/2 particles. An electrical properties investigation of the silver antimonate samples via dielectric, conductivity, and electric modulus spectroscopy shows a prominent dielectric relaxation associated with grain boundaries. The silver ion conductivity is associated with correlated displacements of 1D silver ion chains along ⟨110⟩ directions.

Immobilization of antimony in waste-to-energy bottom ash by addition of calcium and iron containing additives.

PubMed

Van Caneghem, Jo; Verbinnen, Bram; Cornelis, Geert; de Wijs, Joost; Mulder, Rob; Billen, Pieter; Vandecasteele, Carlo

2016-08-01

The leaching of Sb from waste-to-energy (WtE) bottom ash (BA) often exceeds the Dutch limit value of 0.32mgkg(-1) for recycling of BA in open construction applications. From the immobilization mechanisms described in the literature, it could be concluded that both Ca and Fe play an important role in the immobilization of Sb in WtE BA. Therefore, Ca and Fe containing compounds were added to the samples of the sand fraction of WtE BA, which in contrast to the granulate fraction is not recyclable to date, and the effect on the Sb leaching was studied by means of batch leaching tests. Results showed that addition of 0.5 and 2.5% CaO, 5% CaCl2, 2.5% Fe2(SO4)3 and 1% FeCl3 decreased the Sb leaching from 0.62±0.02mgkgDM(-1) to 0.20±0.02, 0.083±0.044, 0.25±0.01, 0.27±0.002 and 0.29±0.02mgkgDM(-1), respectively. Due to the increase in pH from 11.41 to 12.53 when 2.5% CaO was added, Pb and Zn leaching increased and exceeded the respective leaching limits. Addition of 5% CaCO3 had almost no effect on the Sb leaching, as evidenced by the resulting 0.53mgkgDM(-1) leaching concentration. This paper shows a complementary enhancement of the effect of Ca and Fe, by comparing the aforementioned Sb leaching results with those of WtE BA with combined addition of 2.5% CaO or 5% CaCl2 with 2.5% Fe2(SO4)3 or 1% FeCl3. These lab scale results suggest that formation of romeites with a high Ca content and formation of iron antimonate (tripuhyite) with a very low solubility are the main immobilization mechanisms of Sb in WtE BA. Besides the pure compounds and their mixtures, also addition of 10% of two Ca and Fe containing residues of the steel industry, hereafter referred to as R1 and R2, was effective in decreasing the Sb leaching from WtE BA below the Dutch limit value for reuse in open construction applications. To evaluate the long term effect of the additives, pilot plots of WtE BA with 10% of R1 and 5% and 10% of R2 were built and samples were submitted to leaching tests at regular intervals over time. The Sb leaching from untreated WtE BA was just below or above the Dutch limit value. The Sb leaching from the pilot plots of BA with additives first remained stable around 0.13mgkg(-1) but had a tendency to slightly increase after 6months, indicating the need for further research on the effect of weathering, and more specifically of carbonation, on Sb leaching from WtE BA. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

On-line determination of Sb(III) and total Sb using baker's yeast immobilized on polyurethane foam and hydride generation inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Menegário, Amauri A.; Silva, Ariovaldo José; Pozzi, Eloísa; Durrant, Steven F.; Abreu, Cassio H.

2006-09-01

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was immobilized in cubes of polyurethane foam and the ability of this immobilized material to separate Sb(III) and Sb(V) was investigated. A method based on sequential determination of total Sb (after on-line reduction of Sb(V) to Sb(III) with thiourea) and Sb(III) (after on-line solid-liquid phase extraction) by hydride generation inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry is proposed. A flow system assembled with solenoid valves was used to manage all stages of the process. The effects of pH, sample loading and elution flow rates on solid-liquid phase extraction of Sb(III) were evaluated. Also, the parameters related to on-line pre-reduction (reaction coil and flow rates) were optimized. Detection limits of 0.8 and 0.15 μg L - 1 were obtained for total Sb and Sb(III), respectively. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of river water and effluent samples. The results obtained for the determination of total Sb were in agreement with expected values, including the river water Standard Reference Material 1640 certified by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Recoveries of Sb(III) and Sb(V) in spiked samples were between 81 ± 19 and 111 ±15% when 120 s of sample loading were used.

A comparison of iron oxide-rich joint coatings and rock chips as geochemical sampling media in exploration for disseminated gold deposits

USGS Publications Warehouse

Crone, W.; Larson, L.T.; Carpenter, R.H.; Chao, T.T.; Sanzolone, R.F.

1984-01-01

We evaluated the effectiveness of iron oxide-rich fracture coatings as a geochemical sampling medium for disseminated gold deposits, as compared with conventional lithogeochemical methods, for samples from the Pinson mine and Preble prospect in southeastern Humboldt County, Nevada. That disseminated gold mineralization is associated with Hg, As, and Sb is clearly demonstrated in these deposits for both fracture coatings and rock chip samples. However, the relationship is more pronounced for fracture coatings. Fracture coatings at Pinson contain an average of 3.61, 5.13, 14.37, and 3.42 times more Au, As, Sb and Hg, respectively, than adjacent rock samples. At Preble, fracture coatings contain 3.13, 9.72, 9.18, and 1.85 times more Au, As, Sb and Hg, respectively, than do adjacent rock samples. Geochemical anomalies determined from fracture coatings are thus typically more intense than those determined from rock samples for these elements. The sizes of anomalies indicated by fracture coatings are also somewhat larger, but this is less obvious. In both areas, Sb anomalies are more extensive in fracture coatings. At Preble, some Hg and Au anomalies are also more extensive in fracture coatings. In addition to halos formed by the Hg, As and Sb, high values for Au/Ag and Zn/(Fe + Mn) are closely associated with gold mineralization at the Pinson mine. The large enhancement in geochemical response afforded by fracture coatings indicates a definite potential in the search for buried disseminated gold deposits. ?? 1984.

Chemical reactivities of ambient air samples in three Southern California communities

PubMed Central

Eiguren-Fernandez, Arantza; Di Stefano, Emma; Schmitz, Debra A.; Guarieiro, Aline Lefol Nani; Salinas, Erika M.; Nasser, Elina; Froines, John R.; Cho, Arthur K.

2015-01-01

The potential adverse health effects of PM2.5 and vapor samples from three communities that neighbor railyards, Commerce (CM), Long Beach (LB), and San Bernardino (SB), were assessed by determination of chemical reactivities attributed to the induction of oxidative stress by air pollutants. The assays used were dithiothreitol (DTT) and dihydrobenzoic acid (DHBA) based procedures for prooxidant content and a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) assay for electrophiles. Prooxidants and electrophiles have been proposed as the reactive chemical species responsible for the induction of oxidative stress by air pollution mixtures. The PM2.5 samples from CM and LB sites showed seasonal differences in reactivities with higher levels in the winter whereas the SB sample differences were reversed. The reactivities in the vapor samples were all very similar, except for the summer SB samples, which contained higher levels of both prooxidants and electrophiles. The results suggest the observed reactivities reflect general geographical differences rather than direct effects of the railyards. Distributional differences in reactivities were also observed with PM2.5 fractions containing most of the prooxidants (74–81%) and the vapor phase most of the electrophiles (82–96%). The high levels of the vapor phase electrophiles and their potential for adverse biological effects point out the importance of the vapor phase in assessing the potential health effects of ambient air. PMID:25947123

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nandihalli, Nagaraj; Gorsse, Stéphane; Kleinke, Holger, E-mail: kleinke@uwaterloo.ca

To prepare Ni{sub 0.05}Mo{sub 3}Sb{sub 5.4}Te{sub 1.6}, the starting materials were loaded in the stoichiometric ratio into silica tubes and then heated at 1000 K. The reaction products were mixed and divided into four equal parts. The first sample was used as a reference sample called bulk. For the remaining samples, 1%, 2% and 3% by mass of MWCNT (multi-wall carbon nanotubes) were added by ball-milling. These materials were then subjected to consolidation by hot-pressing at 850 K and 56 MPa. Their transport properties were determined and compared to study the influence of MWCNT on the transport properties of Ni{submore » 0.05}Mo{sub 3}Sb{sub 5.4}Te{sub 1.6}. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the microstructural and nanostructural features of the samples, and Raman characterization was performed to look for changes induced by ball-milling and hot-pressing of the nanotubes. Mainly due to a largely reduced thermal conductivity by 40% and a slightly reduced power factor, the figure-of-merit was improved by 25% after addition of 3 mass% of MWCNT. - Graphical abstract: Figure-of-merit of various Ni{sub 0.05}Mo{sub 3}Sb{sub 5.4}Te{sub 1.6}/CNT composites. - Highlights: • Various composites of Ni{sub 0.05}Mo{sub 3}Sb{sub 5.4}Te{sub 1.6} with carbon nanotubes were synthesized and characterized. • In each case, the thermoelectric figure-of-merit increases rapidly with increasing temperature. • With increasing amount of carbon nanotubes, the thermal conductivity decreases more than the electrical conductivity. • The composite with 3% carbon nanotubes performs better than the bulk material by 25%.« less

Electric Field-Induced Large Strain in Ni/Sb-co Doped (Bi0.5Na0.5) TiO3-Based Lead-Free Ceramics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Liangliang; Hao, Jigong; Xu, Zhijun; Li, Wei; Chu, Ruiqing

2018-02-01

Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.935Ba0.065Ti1- x (Ni0.5Sb0.5) x O3 (BNBT6.5- xNS) have been fabricated using conventional solid sintering technique. The effect of (Ni, Sb) doping on the phase structure and electrical properties of BNBT6.5 ceramics were systematically investigated. Results show that the addition of (Ni, Sb) destroyed the ferroelectric long-range order of BNBT6.5 and shifted the ferroelectric-relaxor transition temperature ( T F-R) down to room temperature. Thus, this process induced an ergodic relaxor phase at zero field in samples with x = 0.005. Under the electric field, the ergodic relaxor phase could reversibly transform to ferroelectric phase, which promotes the strain response with peak value of 0.38% (at 80 kV/cm, corresponding to d 33 * = 479 pm/V) at x = 0.005. Temperature-dependent measurements of both polarization and strain confirmed that the large strain originated from a reversible field-induced ergodic relaxor to ferroelectric phase transformation. The proposed material exhibits potential for nonlinear actuators.

Effect of sprouted barley grain supplementation of an herbage-based or haylage-based diet on ruminal fermentation and methane output in continuous culture.

PubMed

Hafla, A N; Soder, K J; Brito, A F; Rubano, M D; Dell, C J

2014-12-01

A 4-unit dual-flow continuous-culture fermentor system was used to assess the effect of supplementing 7-d sprouted barley (SB) or barley grain (BG) with an herbage-based or haylage-based diet on nutrient digestibility, volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiles, bacterial protein synthesis, and methane (CH4) output. Treatments were randomly assigned to fermentors in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement using 7 d for diet adaptation and 3 d for sample collection. Experimental diets were (1) 55.5 g of herbage dry matter (DM) + 4.5 g of SB DM, (2) 56.0 g of herbage DM + 4.0 g of BG DM, (3) 55.5 g of haylage DM + 4.5 g of SB DM, and (4) 56.0 g of haylage DM + 4.0 g of BG DM. Forages were fed at 0730, 1030, 1400, and 1900 h, whereas SB and BG were fed at 0730 and 1400 h. Gas samples for CH₄ analysis were collected at 0725, 0900, 1000, 1355, 1530, and 1630 h on d 8, 9, and 10. Fluid samples were taken once daily on d 8, 9, and 10 for pH measurements and for ammonia-N and VFA analysis and analyzed for DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber for determination of nutrient digestibilities and estimation of bacterial protein synthesis. Orthogonal contrasts were used to compare the effect of forage source (haylage vs. herbage), supplement (BG vs. SB), and the forage × supplement interaction. Apparent and true DM and organic matter digestibilities as well as apparent crude protein digestibility were not affected by forage source. However, true DM digestibility was greatest for diets supplemented with SB. Apparent neutral and acid detergent fiber digestibilities of herbage-based diets were higher than haylage-based diets but fiber digestibility was not affected by supplement. Diets supplemented with SB had higher mean and minimum pH than BG; however, maximum pH was not affected by diet. Supplementation with BG produced a greater concentration of total VFA compared with diets supplemented with SB. Haylage-based diets produced greater CH4 output compared with herbage-based diets but supplementation did not affect CH4 output. Efficiency of bacterial protein synthesis was greater for herbage-based diets compared with haylage-based diets, with no effect of supplementation. Overall, supplementation with SB marginally increased true DM digestibility of herbage- and haylage-based diets but did not affect fiber and crude protein digestibilities, CH4 output, and bacterial efficiency, compared with BG. Copyright © 2014 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Local Structure of Sb in Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Clays from Stevns Klint By the XAFS Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hongu, H.; Yoshiasa, A.; Tobase, T.; Hiratoko, T.; Isobe, H.; Arima, H.; Sugiyama, K.; Okube, M.

2014-12-01

The Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) mass extinctions has been thought to be due to the asteroid impact since Ir anomalies was found by Alvarez et al. (1980) . The boundary clay is also enriched in Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As and Sb. Especially concentrations of Sb and As are unusually large. However, the origins and concentration processes of Sb are unknown. In this study, local structure around antimony atoms in K-T boundary clay from Stevns Klint, Denmark, was determined by Sb K-edge XAFS spectroscopy. The XAFS analyses give the information about the chemical state and coordination environment around Sb atoms and help identify of the concentration phase, and also may provide various kinds of information about the asteroid impact and mass extinction. The XAFS measurements were performed at the BL-NW10A beamline at the Photon Factory in KEK, Tsukuba, Japan. The XANES spectra and radial structure function (RSF) showed that Sb in K-T boundary clays is high oxidation state Sb5+ and occupies a SbO6 octahedral site. The Sb-O interatomic distance in K-T clay sample is 2.08(1) A. It is known that Sb5+ is stable form in soil and soil water under an equilibrium situation within the Earth's surface environment. Antimony belongs to group 15 in the periodic table below arsenic, and the chemical behavior of Sb5+ is similar to that of As5+. Because there is a close correlation on co-precipitation between As and Fe (Ebihara and Miura, 1996; Sakai et al., 2007) , it is considered that Sb also correlates closely with Fe compounds (e.g., ferric hydroxides). Abundant ferric hydroxides occur in K-T boundary clays. It is considered that one of the reasons of abnormal high concentrations of Sb and As in K-T boundary clays is a lot of dust from impact ejecta falls with iron ions and deposits on surface of the Earth for a short period of time after the asteroid impact. ReferencesL. W. Alvarez, Science, 208, 1095-1108 (1980) M. Ebihara and T. Miura, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60, 5133-5144 (1996) S. Sakai et al., The American Institute of Physics, Conference Proceeding, 882, 274-276 (2007)

Peculiarities of thermoelectric half-Heusler phase formation in Gd-Ni-Sb and Lu-Ni-Sb ternary systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Romaka, V.V., E-mail: romakav@lp.edu.ua; Romaka, L.; Horyn, A.

The phase equilibria in the Gd–Ni–Sb and Lu-Ni-Sb ternary systems were studied at 873 K by X-ray and metallographic analyses in the whole concentration range. The interaction of the elements in the Gd–Ni–Sb system results the formation of five ternary compounds at investigated temperature: Gd{sub 5}Ni{sub 2}Sb (Mo{sub 5}SiB{sub 2}-type), Gd{sub 5}NiSb{sub 2} (Yb{sub 5}Sb{sub 3}-type), GdNiSb (MgAgAs-type), Gd{sub 3}Ni{sub 6}Sb{sub 5} (Y{sub 3}Ni{sub 6}Sb{sub 5}-type), and GdNi{sub 0.72}Sb{sub 2} (HfCuSi{sub 2}-type). At investigated temperature the Lu-Ni-Sb system is characterized by formation of the LuNiSb (MgAgAs-type), Lu{sub 5}Ni{sub 2}Sb (Mo{sub 5}SiB{sub 2}-type), and Lu{sub 5}Ni{sub 0.56}Sb{sub 2.44} (Yb{sub 5}Sb{sub 3}-type)more » compounds. The disordering in the crystal structure of half-Heusler GdNiSb and LuNiSb was revealed by EPMA and studied by means of Rietveld refinement and DFT modeling. The performed electronic structure calculations are in good agreement with electrical transport property studies. - Graphical abstract: Crystal structure model and electron localization function of Lu{sub 5}Ni{sub 2}Sb. Display Omitted - Highlights: • Gd-Ni-Sb and Lu-Ni-Sb phase diagrams were constructed at 873 K. • GdNiSb and LuNiSb are characterized by disordered crystal structure. • Crystal structure optimization with DFT calculations confirmed crystal structure disorder in GdNiSb and LuNiSb.« less

Antimony retention and release from drained and waterlogged shooting range soil under field conditions.

PubMed

Hockmann, Kerstin; Tandy, Susan; Lenz, Markus; Reiser, René; Conesa, Héctor M; Keller, Martin; Studer, Björn; Schulin, Rainer

2015-09-01

Many soils polluted by antimony (Sb) are subject to fluctuating waterlogging conditions; yet, little is known about how these affect the mobility of this toxic element under field conditions. Here, we compared Sb leaching from a calcareous shooting range soil under drained and waterlogged conditions using four large outdoor lysimeters. After monitoring the leachate samples taken at bi-weekly intervals for >1.5 years under drained conditions, two of the lysimeters were subjected to waterlogging with a water table fluctuating according to natural rainfall water infiltration. Antimony leachate concentrations under drained conditions showed a strong seasonal fluctuation between 110 μg L(-1) in summer and <40 μg L(-1) in winter, which closely correlated with fluctuations in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. With the development of anaerobic conditions upon waterlogging, Sb in leachate decreased to 2-5 μg L(-1) Sb and remained stable at this level. Antimony speciation measurements in soil solution indicated that this decrease in Sb(V) concentrations was attributable to the reduction of Sb(V) to Sb(III) and the stronger sorption affinity of the latter to iron (Fe) (hydr)oxide phases. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering seasonal and waterlogging effects in the assessment of the risks from Sb-contaminated sites. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Removing Arsenic and Antimony by Phragmites australis: Rhizofiltration Technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghassemzadeh, F.; Yousefzadeh, H.; Arbab-Zavar, M. H.

Arsenic (As) and Antimony (Sb) are toxic heavy metals that often associated in contaminated environment. High As concentration is reported in Chelpo, Khorasan province, northeast Iran. This study examined the possibility of As and Sb in rhizofiltration by common reed, Phragmites australis. Plants collected from five sampling sites of Chelpo. As and Sb concentrations in roots and shoots were determined by Atomic absorption spectrometry. About 80% of total As accumulated in roots than shoot system. Maximum As and Sb accumulation in root and rhizomes were 84.5-16.20 and 73-10.20 ppb, respectively. As/Sb ratio of root and rhizome ranged from 35 to 194 and 10.42 to 99.9, respectively. Arsenic contents in roots of contaminated plants were significantly higher than antimony accumulation (p<0.01). There was antagonistic interaction between As, Sb with P contents in the roots of contaminated plants. Common reed establishment may be locally enhanced by significantly decreased phosphorous (1.79 and 1.18 times less than control plant root and rhizome), increased Iron (1.42 and 5.83 times more than control plant root and rhizome) Enzymatic antioxidants (Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase and Guaicol peroxidase) increased significantly with increment of As uptake in root system. Root As and Sb accumulation with enhanced changes in metabolic changes indicates that P. australis could be used as As, Sb rhizofiltration agent in this region and similar contaminated area.

New pathway for the formation of metallic cubic phase Ge-Sb-Te compounds induced by an electric current

PubMed Central

Park, Yong-Jin; Cho, Ju-Young; Jeong, Min-Woo; Na, Sekwon; Joo, Young-Chang

2016-01-01

The novel discovery of a current-induced transition from insulator to metal in the crystalline phase of Ge2Sb2Te5 and GeSb4Te7 have been studied by means of a model using line-patterned samples. The resistivity of cubic phase Ge-Sb-Te compound was reduced by an electrical current (~1 MA/cm2), and the final resistivity was determined based on the stress current density, regardless of the initial resistivity and temperature, which indicates that the conductivity of Ge-Sb-Te compound can be modulated by an electrical current. The minimum resistivity of Ge-Sb-Te materials can be achieved at high kinetic rates by applying an electrical current, and the material properties change from insulating to metallic behavior without a phase transition. The current-induced metal transition is more effective in GeSb4Te7 than Ge2Sb2Te5, which depends on the intrinsic vacancy of materials. Electromigration, which is the migration of atoms induced by a momentum transfer from charge carriers, can easily promote the rearrangement of vacancies in the cubic phase of Ge-Sb-Te compound. This behavior differs significantly from thermal annealing, which accompanies a phase transition to the hexagonal phase. This result suggests a new pathway for modulating the electrical conductivity and material properties of chalcogenide materials by applying an electrical current. PMID:26902593

Heterogeneous in-situ nanostructure contributes to the thermoelectric performance of Zn{sub 4}Sb{sub 3}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lin, Jianping; Ma, Lingzhi; Yang, Baifeng

Single-phase Zn{sub 4}Sb{sub 3} and ZnSb-containing samples were prepared by Plasma Activated Sintering. An abrupt decrease of thermal conductivity was found at about 400 K, which is attributed to the microstructure change of Zn{sub 4}Sb{sub 3}. Nanoscale inclusions and compositional inhomogeneities were found in Zn{sub 4}Sb{sub 3} sample at 473 K by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The phonon scattering is enhanced by increasing grain boundaries and chaotic structure, which reduces the thermal conductivity and increases the thermoelectric performance of Zn{sub 4}Sb{sub 3} at elevated temperature. The Rietveld refinement results show that large ZnSb grains in ZnSb-containing samples will accommodate excessmore » Zn atoms, and then reduce thermoelectric performance.« less

Crystal growth and characterization of bulk Sb2Te3 topological insulator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sultana, Rabia; Gurjar, Ganesh; Patnaik, S.; Awana, V. P. S.

2018-04-01

The Sb2Te3 crystals are grown using the conventional self flux method via solid state reaction route, by melting constituent elements (Sb and Te) at high temperature (850 °C), followed by slow cooling (2 °C/h). As grown Sb2Te3 crystals are analysed for various physical properties by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy (EDAX) and electrical measurements under magnetic field (6 Tesla) down to low temperature (2.5 K). The XRD pattern revealed the growth of synthesized Sb2Te3 sample along (00l) plane, whereas the SEM along with EDAX measurements displayed the layered structure with near stoichiometric composition, without foreign contamination. The Raman scattering studies displayed known ({{{{A}}}1{{g}}}1, {{{{E}}}{{g}}}2 and {{{{A}}}1{{g}}}2) vibrational modes for the studied Sb2Te3. The temperature dependent electrical resistivity measurements illustrated the metallic nature of the as grown Sb2Te3 single crystal. Further, the magneto—transport studies represented linear positive magneto-resistance (MR) reaching up to 80% at 2.5 K under an applied field of 6 Tesla. The weak anti localization (WAL) related low field (±2 Tesla) magneto-conductance at low temperatures (2.5 K and 20 K) has been analysed and discussed using the Hikami—Larkin—Nagaoka (HLN) model. Summarily, the short letter reports an easy and versatile method for crystal growth of bulk Sb2Te3 topological insulator (TI) and its brief physical property characterization.

Ultrathin type-II GaSb/GaAs quantum wells grown by OMVPE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pitts, O. J.; Watkins, S. P.; Wang, C. X.; Stotz, J. A. H.; Meyer, T. A.; Thewalt, M. L. W.

2004-09-01

Heterostructures containing monolayer (ML) and submonolayer GaSb insertions in GaAs were grown using organometallic vapour phase epitaxy. At the GaAs-on-GaSb interface, strong intermixing occurs due to the surface segregation of Sb. To form structures with relatively abrupt interfaces, a flashoff growth sequence, in which growth interruptions are employed to desorb Sb from the surface, was introduced. Reflectance-difference spectroscopy and high-resolution X-ray diffraction data demonstrate that interfacial grading is strongly reduced by this procedure. For layer structures grown with the flashoff sequence, a GaSb coverage up to 1 ML can be obtained in the two-dimensional (2D) growth mode. For uncapped GaSb layers, on the other hand, atomic force microscope images show that the 2D-3D growth mode transition occurs at a submonolayer coverage between 0.3 and 0.5 ML. Low-temperature photoluminescence spectra of multiple quantum well samples grown using the flashoff sequence show a strong quantum well-related peak which shifts to lower energies as the amount of Sb incorporated increases. The PL peak energies are consistent with a type-II band lineup at the GaAs/GaSb interface.

On the tin impurity in the thermoelectric compound ZnSb: Charge-carrier generation and compensation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Prokofieva, L. V., E-mail: lprokofieva496@gmail.com; Konstantinov, P. P.; Shabaldin, A. A.

2016-06-15

The technique for measuring the Hall coefficient and electrical conductivity in the thermal cycling mode is used to study the effect of the Sn impurity on the microstructure and properties of pressed ZnSb samples. Tin was introduced as an excess component (0.1 and 0.2 at %) and as a substitutional impurity for Zn and Sb atoms in a concentration of (2–2.5) at % The temperature dependences of the parameters of lightly doped samples are fundamentally like similar curves for ZnSb with 0.1 at % of Cu. The highest Hall concentration, 1.4 × 10{sup 19} cm{sup –3} at 300 K, ismore » obtained upon the introduction of 0.1 at % of Sn; the dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit attains its maximum value of 0.85 at 660 K. The experimental data are discussed under the assumption of two doping mechanisms, which are effective in different temperature ranges, with zinc vacancies playing the decisive role of acceptor centers. In two ZnSb samples with SnSb and ZnSn additives, the charge-carrier compensation effect is observed; this effect depends on temperature and markedly changes with doping type. As in p-type A{sup IV}–B{sup VI} materials with a low Sn content, hole compensation can be attributed to atomic recharging Sn{sup 2+} → Sn{sup 4+}. Types of compensating complexes are considered.« less

Determination of antimony and tin in beverages using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry after ultrasound-assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid phase microextraction.

PubMed

Biata, N Raphael; Nyaba, Luthando; Ramontja, James; Mketo, Nomvano; Nomngongo, Philiswa N

2017-12-15

The aim of this study was to develop a simple and fast ultrasound-assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid phase microextraction (UA-IL-DLLME) method for preconcetration of trace antimony and tin in beverage samples. The novelty of this study was based on the application of ligandless UA-IL-DLLME using low-density ionic liquid and organic solvents for preconcentration of Sb and Sn. The concentration of Sb and Sn were quantified using ICP-OES. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration graph was found to be LOQ-250µgL -1 (r 2 =0.9987) for Sb and LOQ-350µgL -1 for Sn. The LOD and LOQ of Sb and Sn ranged from 1.2to 2.5ngL -1 and 4.0 to 8.3ngL -1 , respectively, with high preconcentration factors. The precisions (%RSD) of the proposed method ranged from 2.1% to 2.5% and 3.9% to 4.7% for Sb and Sn, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for determination of Sb and Sn in beverages. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Passivation of InSb surface for manufacturing infrared devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Simchi, H.; Sareminia, Gh.; Shafiekhani, A.; Valizadeh, Gh.

2008-01-01

We studied the reduction of active surface states at the InSb/insulator interface by the reduction of hysteresis in C- V plots and by the performance of InSb diodes operated in photovoltaic mode. The InSb wafers were cleaned with CP4A etchant (HNO 3:CH 3COOH:HF:H 2O at 2:1:1:10). Then layers of 0.4 μm SiO 2, 0.4 μm Si 3N 4 and 0.5 μm Si 3N 4/SiO 2 were deposited on the cleaned surfaced by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). After measuring the surface morphology by atomic force microscopy (AFM) the atomic percentage of each element in each compound (e.g. Si and O 2 in SiO 2 layer) was studied by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). By using photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), we showed that the SiO 2, Si 3N 4 and Si 3N 4/SiO 2 layers include Sb and/or SbO x and the Sb In antisite during deposition occurred and for this reason their etch rates differ from pure SiO 2, Si 3N 4 and Si 3N 4/SiO 2 layers. Then the gold metal was deposited on the samples and capacitance voltage measurement was made on the MIS samples. The results showed hysteresis free curves if the surface has been cleaned correctly. Finally by depositing the 0.4 μm SiO 2, 0.4 μm Si 3N 4 and 0.5 μm Si 3N 4/SiO 2 on diode structure of InSb, the performance of diode in this case was compared with the anodic oxidation method. The results showed the performance of device is better than for the anodic oxidation method.

Protective Effect of Adhesive Systems associated with Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser on Enamel Erosive/Abrasive Wear.

PubMed

Crastechini, Erica; Borges, Alessandra B; Becker, Klaus; Attin, Thomas; Torres, Carlos Rg

2017-10-01

This study evaluated the efficacy of self-etching adhesive systems associated or not associated with the neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser on the protection against enamel erosive/abrasive wear. Bovine enamel specimens were demineralized with 0.3% citric acid (5 minutes). The samples were randomly assigned to eight groups (n = 20): SB - Single Bond Universal (3M/ESPE); SB+L - Single Bond Universal + laser (80 mJ/10 Hz); FB - Futurabond U (Voco); FB+L -Futurabond U + laser; GEN - G-aenial bond (GC); GEN+L -G-aenial bond + laser; L - laser irradiation; and C - no treatment. The laser was applied before light curing. The samples were subjected to erosive/abrasive challenges (0.3% citric acid - 2 minutes and tooth brushing four times daily for 5 days). Enamel surface loss was recovered profilometrically by comparison of baseline and final profiles. The adhesive layer thickness, retention percentage of the protective layer, and microhardness of cured adhesive were measured. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (5%). There were significant differences for all parameters (p = 0.0001). Mean values ± SD and results of the Tukey's test were: Surface wear: GEN - 4.88 (±1.09)a, L - 5.04 ± 0.99)a, FB - 5.32 (±0.93)ab, GEN + L - 5.46 (±1.27)abc, SB + L - 5.78 (±1.12)abc, FB + L - 6.23 (±1.25)bc, SB - 6.35 (±1.11)c, and C - 6.46 (±0.61)c; layer thickness: GEN - 15.2 (±8.63)c, FB - 5.06 (±1.96)a, GEN + L - 13.96 (±7.07)bc, SB + L - 4.24 (±2.68)a, FB + L - 9.03 (±13.02)abc, and SB - 7.49 (±2.80)ab; retention: GEN - 68.89 (±20.62)c, FB - 54.53 (±24.80)abc, GEN + L - 59.90 (±19.79)abc, SB + L - 63.37 (±19.30)bc, FB + L - 42.23 (±17.68) a, and SB - 47.78 (±18.29)ab; microhardness: GEN - 9.27 (±1.75)c; FB - 6.99 (±0.89)b; GEN + L - 6.22 (±0.87)ab; SB + L - 15.48 (±2.51)d; FB + L - 10.67 (±1.58)c; SB - 5.00 (±1.60)a. The application of Futurabond U and G-aenial bond on enamel surface, as well as the Nd:YAG laser irradiation alone, was able to reduce the enamel wear. The use of laser after the adhesive systems did not improve their efficacy. Erosive/abrasive wear is a prevalent condition in clinical practice affecting many patients. The association of adhesive systems and Nd:YAG laser is of considerable clinical interest because it assesses new treatments to reduce the erosive/abrasive wear that would help dentists in clinical treatment decisions to reduce enamel wear and achieve a successful treatment.

Glass formation and structure of calcium antimony phosphate glasses and those doped with tellurium oxide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Jun; Zhang, Yin; Nian, Shangjiu; Wu, Zhenning; Cao, Weijing; Zhou, Nianying; Wang, Danian

2017-03-01

An approximate glass-forming region in the P2O5-Sb2O3-CaO ternary system was determined. The properties and structure of two compositional series of (A) (75- x)P2O5- xSb2O3-25CaO ( x = 20, 25, 30, 35 mol%) and (B) 45P2O5-30Sb2O3-(25- x)CaO- xTeO2 ( x = 5, 10, 15, 20 mol%) were studied systematically. Thermal properties were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The densities of all samples were measured by Archimedes' method using distilled water as the immersion liquid. The water durability of the glasses was described by their dissolution rate (DR) in the distilled water at 90 °C for some time periods. Density, thermal stability and water durability were improved with the addition of Sb2O3 and TeO2. Structural studies were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The phosphate chain depolymerization occurred with the increase of Sb2O3 and the Q2 structural units transformed to the Q1 and Q0 structural units with the addition of TeO2.

Preparation and Thermoelectric Properties of IR(sub x)Co(sub 1-x)Sb(sub 2) Alloys

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Caillat, Thierry

1995-01-01

The preparation and characterization of the binary arsenopyrite compounds CoSb2 and IrSb2 and IrxCo1-xSb2 alloys is reported. Single crystals of CoSb2 were grown by the vertical gradient freeze technique from solution rich in antimony. Polycrystalline samples of IrSb2 and IrxCo1-xSb2 alloys were prepared by hot-pressing of prereacted elemental powders. Samples were investigated by X-ray diffractometry, microprobe analysis and density measurements. It was found that a range of solid solution exist in the system IrxCo1-xSb2 for 0.1

Electrical Transport Properties of Single-Crystalline β-Zn4Sb3 Prepared Through the Zn-Sn Mixed-Flux Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Hongxia; Deng, Shuping; Shen, Lanxian; Wang, Jinsong; Feng, Cheng; Deng, Shukang

2017-03-01

β-Zn4Sb3 is a promising p-type thermoelectric material for utilization in moderate temperatures. This study prepares a group of single-crystalline β-Zn4Sb3 samples using the Zn-Sn mixed-flux method based on the stoichiometric ratios of Zn4+ x Sb3Sn y . The effect of Zn-to-Sn proportion in the flux on the structure and electrical transport properties is investigated. All samples are strip-shaped single crystals of different sizes. The actual Zn content of the present samples is improved (>3.9) compared with that of the samples prepared through the Sn flux method. Larger lattice parameters are also obtained. The carrier concentration of all the samples is in the order of over 1019 cm-3. With increasing Sn rate in the flux, this carrier concentration decreases, whereas mobility is significantly enhanced. The electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficients of all the samples exhibit a behavior that of a degenerate semiconductor transport. Electrical conductivity initially increases and then decreases as the Sn ratio in the flux increases. The electrical conductivity of the x: y = 5:1 sample reaches 6.45 × 104 S m-1 at 300 K. Benefitting from the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient, the flux proportion of the x: y = 7:1 sample finally achieves the highest power factor value of 1.4 × 10-3 W m-1 K-2 at 598 K.

Effects of Sb Content (x) on (Bi(1-x)Sb(x))2Te3 Thermoelectric Thin Film Deposited by Effusion Cell Evaporator.

PubMed

Yong, Ho; Na, Sekwon; Gang, Jun-Gu; Jeon, Seong-Jae; Hyun, Seungmin; Lee, Hoo-Jeong

2015-10-01

This paper investigates the effects of the Sb content (x) on (Bi(1-x)Sb(x))2Te3 thermoelectric films with x changing widely from 0 (Sb2Te3) to 1 (Bi2Te3). First, the XRD analysis discloses that with the Sb content (x) increasing, the phase changed gradually from Bi2Te3 to Sb2Te3 as Sb atoms replaced substitutionally Bi atoms. Further microstructure analysis reveals that an extensive grain growth occurred during post-annealing for the samples with high Sb contents. According to the measurement of electrical and thermoelectric properties, the polarity of the charge carrier and Seebeck coefficient switched n-type to p-type in the range of x = 0.45~0.63. For the n-type samples, the power factor is highest when x = 0.18 around 46.01 μW/K(2) whereas Sb2Te3, for the p-type samples, shows the highest value, 62.48 μW/K(2)cm.

Gravitational influences on the liquid-state homogenization and solidification of aluminum antimonide. [space processing of solar cell material

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ang, C.-Y.; Lacy, L. L.

1979-01-01

Typical commercial or laboratory-prepared samples of polycrystalline AlSb contain microstructural inhomogeneities of Al- or Sb-rich phases in addition to the primary AlSb grains. The paper reports on gravitational influences, such as density-driven convection or sedimentation, that cause microscopic phase separation and nonequilibrium conditions to exist in earth-based melts of AlSb. A triple-cavity electric furnace is used to homogenize the multiphase AlSb samples in space and on earth. A comparative characterization of identically processed low- and one-gravity samples of commercial AlSb reveals major improvements in the homogeneity of the low-gravity homogenized material.

Results from the interim salt disposition program macrobatch 10 tank 21H qualification samples

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Peters, T. B.; Bannochie, C. J.

2017-02-23

Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) analyzed samples from Tank 21H in support of qualification of Macrobatch (Salt Batch) 10 for the Interim Salt Disposition Program (ISDP). This document reports characterization data on the samples of Tank 21H and fulfills the requirements of Deliverable 3 of the Technical Task Request (TTR). Further work will report the results of the Extraction-Scrub-Strip (ESS) testing (Task 5 of the TTR) using the Tank 21H material. Task 4 of the TTR (MST Strike) will not be completed for Salt Batch 10.

Sleep Bruxism-Tooth Grinding Prevalence, Characteristics and Familial Aggregation: A Large Cross-Sectional Survey and Polysomnographic Validation

PubMed Central

Khoury, Samar; Carra, Maria Clotilde; Huynh, Nelly; Montplaisir, Jacques; Lavigne, Gilles J.

2016-01-01

Study Objectives: Sleep bruxism (SB) is characterized by tooth grinding and jaw clenching during sleep. Familial factors may contribute to the occurrence of SB. This study aims are: (1) revisit the prevalence and characteristics of SB in a large cross-sectional survey and assess familial aggregation of SB, (2) assess comorbidity such as insomnia and pain, (3) compare survey data in a subset of subjects diagnosed using polysomnography research criteria. Methods: A sample of 6,357 individuals from the general population in Quebec, Canada, undertook an online survey to assess the prevalence of SB, comorbidities, and familial aggregation. Data on familial aggregation were compared to 111 SB subjects diagnosed using polysomnography. Results: Regularly occurring SB was reported by 8.6% of the general population, decreases with age, without any gender difference. SB awareness is concomitant with complaints of difficulties maintaining sleep in 47.6% of the cases. A third of SB positive probands reported pain. A 2.5 risk ratio of having a first-degree family member with SB was found in SB positive probands. The risk of reporting SB in first-degree family ranges from 1.4 to 2.9 with increasing severity of reported SB. Polysomnographic data shows that 37% of SB subjects had at least one first-degree relative with reported SB with a relative risk ratio of 4.625. Conclusions: Our results support the heritability of SB-tooth grinding and that sleep quality and pain are concomitant in a significant number of SB subjects. Citation: Khoury S, Carra MC, Huynh N, Montplaisir J, Lavigne GJ. Sleep bruxism-tooth grinding prevalence, characteristics and familial aggregation: a large cross-sectional survey and polysomnographic validation. SLEEP 2016;39(11):2049–2056. PMID:27568807

Atmospheric pressure-MOVPE growth of GaSb/GaAs quantum dots

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tile, Ngcali; Ahia, Chinedu C.; Olivier, Jaco; Botha, Johannes Reinhardt

2018-04-01

This study focuses on the growth of GaSb/GaAs quantum dots (QD) using an atmospheric pressure MOVPE system. For the best uncapped dots, the average dot height, base diameter and density are 5 nm, 45 nm and 4.5×1010 cm-2, respectively. Capping of GaSb QDs at high temperatures caused flattening and formation of thin inhomogeneous GaSb layer inside GaAs resulting in no obvious QD PL peak. Capping at low temperatures lead to the formation of dot-like features and a wetting layer (WL) with distinct PL peaks for QD and WL at 1097 nm and 983 nm respectively. Some of the dot-like features had voids. An increase in excitation power caused the QD and WL peaks to shift to higher energies. This is attributed to electrostatic band bending leading to triangular potential wells, typical of type-II alignment between GaAs and strained GaSb. Variable temperature PL measurements of the QD sample showed the decrease in the intensity of the WL peak to be faster than that of the QD peak as the temperature increased.

Molecular Beam Epitaxy on Gas Cluster Ion Beam Prepared GaSb Substrates: Towards Improved Surfaces and Interfaces

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-12-14

20.20 Ga (3d 5 2 ) in Ga2O3 21.00 Sb (4d 5 2 ) in GaSb 31.94 Sb (4d 5 2 ) 33.44 Sb (4d 5 2 ) in Sb2O3 34.50 Sb (4d 5 2 ) in Sb2O5 35.70 GaSb Sb2O3...growth. Once again, only Ga2O3 was observed at the interface. TXPS measurements revealed the presence of the F 1s peak up to substrate temperatures of...with a GaBr3 peak at 22.7 eV. Again, there is no published data for GaBr3 in this region but it is consistentGa2O3 Ga 3d GaSb Ga2O3 GaSb Ga 25 20 15 25

Thermoelectric properties of p-type Ag{sub 1−x}(Pb{sub 1−y}Sn{sub y}){sub m}Sb{sub 1−z}Te{sub m+2}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ahn, Kyunghan; Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science,; Kong, Huijun

The thermoelectric properties of Ag{sub 1−x}(Pb{sub 1−y}Sn{sub y}){sub m}Sb{sub 1−z}Te{sub m+2} (4≤m≤16, −0.1≤x≤0.3, 1/3≤y≤2/3, 0.2≤z≤0.4; Lead Antimony Silver Tellurium Tin, LASTT-m) compositions were investigated in the temperature range of 300 to ~670 K. All samples crystallize in the average NaCl-type structure without any noticeable second phase and exhibit very narrow bandgaps of <0.1 eV. We studied a range of m values, silver concentrations (x), Pb/Sn ratios (y), and antimony concentrations (z) to determine their effects on the thermoelectric properties. The samples were investigated as melt grown polycrystalline ingots. Varying the Ag contents, the Pb/Sn ratios, and the Sb contents off-stoichiometrymore » allowed us to control the electrical conductivity, the Seebeck coefficient, and the thermal conductivity. The electrical conductivity tends to decrease with decreasing m values. The highest ZT of ~1.1 was achieved at ~660 K for Ag{sub 0.9}Pb{sub 5}Sn{sub 5}Sb{sub 0.8}Te{sub 12} mainly due to the very low lattice thermal conductivity of ~0.4 W/(m K) around 660 K. Also, samples with charge-balanced stoichiometries, Ag(Pb{sub 1−y}Sn{sub y}){sub m}SbTe{sub m+2}, were studied and found to exhibit a lower power factor and higher lattice thermal conductivity than the Ag{sub 1−x}(Pb{sub 1−y}Sn{sub y}){sub m}Sb{sub 1−z}Te{sub m+2} compositions. - Graphical abstract: The Ag{sub 1−x}(Pb{sub 1−y}Sn{sub y}){sub m}Sb{sub 1−z}Te{sub m+2} system defines a complex and flexible class of tunable thermoelectric class of materials with high performance.« less

Tensile bond strength of different adhesive systems to primary dentin treated by Er:YAG laser and conventional high-speed drill

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marques, Barbara A.; Navarro, Ricardo S.; Silvestre, Fellipe D.; Pinheiro, Sergio L.; Freitas, Patricia M.; Imparato, Jose Carlos P.; Oda, Margareth

2005-03-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the tensile strength of different adhesive systems to primary tooth dentin prepared by high-speed drill and Er:YAG laser (2.94μm). Buccal surfaces of 38 primary canines were ground and flattened with sand paper disks (#120-600 grit) and distributed into five groups (n=15): G1: diamond bur in high-speed drill (HD)+ 35% phosphoric acid (PA)+Single Bond (SB); G2: HD+self-etching One Up Bond F (OUB);G3: Er:YAG laser (KaVo 3- LELO-FOUSP)(4Hz, 80mJ, 25,72J/cm2) (L)+PA+SB, G4: L+SB, G5: L+OUB. The inverted truncated cone samples built with Z-100 composite resin after storage in water (37°C/24h) were submitted to tensile bond strength test on Mini Instron 4442 (0.5mm/min, 500N). The data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey Test (p<0.05). The mean (MPa) were: G1-3.18(+/-1.24) G2-1.79(+/-0.73) G3-3.17(+/-0.44) G4-8.29(+/-1.86) G5-7.11(+/-2.07). The data analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey Test showed that Laser associated with PA+SB, SB or OUB lead to increased bonding values when compared to HD+PA+SB and HD+OUB (p=0.000), L+SB showed higher values than L+PA+SB and L+OUB (p=0.0311). Er:YAG laser radiation promoted significant increase of bond strength of different adhesive systems evaluated in the dentin of primary teeth.

The impedance spectroscopy analysis of complex perovskite Sr2YbSbO6

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barua, A.; Maity, S.; Mondal, R.; Kumar, S.

2018-04-01

Herein, we have reported the dielectric properties of single phase monoclinic double perovskite oxide of Sr2YbSbO6 having lattice parameter a=5.79 Å, b=5.79 Å, c=8.19 Å and β = 90.136° with grain size ranging between 0.5 to 2.4 µm. The sample has been synthesized by solid state ceramic method. We have performed the impedence spectroscopic study of the sample in the frequency range of 40 Hz to 5 MHz at various temperatures. The relaxation in the sample is polydispersive in nature and obeys the Cole-Cole model. The values of dielectric permittivity and loss tangent at room temperature are 117.94 and 0.18 respectively. The temperature variation of dc conductivity follows the Arrhenius Law with activation energy 0.2 eV and the conduction mechanism of the sample is governed by p-type polaron hopping. Due to its high dielectric permittivity and low loss tangent the sample can be fruitfully utilized for the fabrication of radio frequency devices.

Preclinical and first clinical experience with the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor-antagonist [⁶⁸Ga]SB3 and PET/CT.

PubMed

Maina, Theodosia; Bergsma, Hendrik; Kulkarni, Harshad R; Mueller, Dirk; Charalambidis, David; Krenning, Eric P; Nock, Berthold A; de Jong, Marion; Baum, Richard P

2016-05-01

Gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPR) represent attractive targets for tumor diagnosis and therapy because of their overexpression in major human cancers. Internalizing GRPR agonists were initially proposed for prolonged lesion retention, but a shift of paradigm to GRPR antagonists has recently been made. Surprisingly, radioantagonists, such as [(99m)Tc]DB1 ((99m)Tc-N4'-DPhe(6),Leu-NHEt(13)]BBN(6-13)), displayed better pharmacokinetics than radioagonists, in addition to their higher inherent biosafety. We introduce here [(68)Ga]SB3, a [(99m)Tc]DB1 mimic-carrying, instead of the (99m)Tc-binding tetraamine, the chelator DOTA for labeling with the PET radiometal (68)Ga. Competition binding assays of SB3 and [(nat)Ga]SB3 were conducted against [(125)I-Tyr(4)]BBN in PC-3 cell membranes. Blood samples collected 5 min postinjection (pi) of the [(67)Ga]SB3 surrogate in mice were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for degradation products. Likewise, biodistribution was performed after injection of [(67)Ga]SB3 (37 kBq, 100 μL, 10 pmol peptide) in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice bearing PC-3 xenografts. Eventually, [(68)Ga]SB3 (283 ± 91 MBq, 23 ± 7 nmol) was injected into 17 patients with breast (8) and prostate (9) cancer. All patients had disseminated disease and had received previous therapies. PET/CT fusion images were acquired 60-115 min pi. SB3 and [(nat)Ga]SB3 bound to the human GRPR with high affinity (IC50: 4.6 ± 0.5 nM and 1.5 ± 0.3 nM, respectively). [(67)Ga]SB3 displayed good in vivo stability (>85 % intact at 5 min pi). [(67)Ga]SB3 showed high, GRPR-specific and prolonged retention in PC-3 xenografts (33.1 ± 3.9%ID/g at 1 h pi - 27.0 ± 0.9%ID/g at 24 h pi), but much faster clearance from the GRPR-rich pancreas (≈160%ID/g at 1 h pi to <17%ID/g at 24 h pi) in mice. In patients, [(68)Ga]SB3 elicited no adverse effects and clearly visualized cancer lesions. Thus, 4 out of 8 (50 %) breast cancer and 5 out of 9 (55 %) prostate cancer patients showed pathological uptake on PET/CT with [(68)Ga]SB3. [(67)Ga]SB3 showed excellent pharmacokinetics in PC-3 tumor-bearing mice, while [(68)Ga]SB3 PET/CT visualized lesions in about 50 % of patients with advanced and metastasized prostate and breast cancer. We expect imaging with [(68)Ga]SB3 to be superior in patients with primary breast or prostate cancer.

Thermoelectric Performance and Defect Chemistry in n-Type Zintl KGaSb 4

DOE PAGES

Ortiz, Brenden R.; Gorai, Prashun; Stevanovic, Vladan; ...

2017-05-08

The rise of high-throughput calculations has accelerated the discovery of promising classes of thermoelectric materials. In prior work, we identified the n-type Zintl pnictides as one such material class. To date, however, a lack of detailed defect calculations and chemical intuition has led the community to investigate p-type Zintls almost exclusively. Here, we investigate the synthesis, thermoelectric properties, and defect structure of the complex Zintl KGaSb 4. We find that KGaSb 4 is successfully doped n-type with Ba and has the potential for p-type doping with Zn. Our calculations reveal the fundamental defect structure in KGaSb 4 that enables n-typemore » and p-type doping. We find that Ba doped KGaSb4 exhibits high electronic mobility (~50 cm 2V -1s -1) and near minimum lattice thermal conductivity (<0.5 Wm -1K -1) at 400 °C. Samples doped with 1.5% Ba achieve zT > 0.9 at 400 °C, promising for a previously unstudied material. Here, we also briefly investigate the series of alloys between KGaSb 4 and KAlSb 4, finding that a full solid solution exists. Altogether our work reinforces motivation for the exploration of n-type Zintl materials, especially in tandem with high-throughput defect calculations to inform selection of effective dopants and systems amenable to n-type transport.« less

Thermoelectric Performance and Defect Chemistry in n-Type Zintl KGaSb 4

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ortiz, Brenden R.; Gorai, Prashun; Stevanovic, Vladan

The rise of high-throughput calculations has accelerated the discovery of promising classes of thermoelectric materials. In prior work, we identified the n-type Zintl pnictides as one such material class. To date, however, a lack of detailed defect calculations and chemical intuition has led the community to investigate p-type Zintls almost exclusively. Here, we investigate the synthesis, thermoelectric properties, and defect structure of the complex Zintl KGaSb 4. We find that KGaSb 4 is successfully doped n-type with Ba and has the potential for p-type doping with Zn. Our calculations reveal the fundamental defect structure in KGaSb 4 that enables n-typemore » and p-type doping. We find that Ba doped KGaSb4 exhibits high electronic mobility (~50 cm 2V -1s -1) and near minimum lattice thermal conductivity (<0.5 Wm -1K -1) at 400 °C. Samples doped with 1.5% Ba achieve zT > 0.9 at 400 °C, promising for a previously unstudied material. Here, we also briefly investigate the series of alloys between KGaSb 4 and KAlSb 4, finding that a full solid solution exists. Altogether our work reinforces motivation for the exploration of n-type Zintl materials, especially in tandem with high-throughput defect calculations to inform selection of effective dopants and systems amenable to n-type transport.« less

Magnetoresistance oscillations in topological insulator microwires contacted with normal and superconducting leads

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Konopko, Leonid; Nikolaeva, Albina; Huber, Tito E.; Rogacki, Krzysztof

2018-05-01

Recent efforts to detect and manipulate Majorana fermions in solid state devices have employed topological insulator (TI) nanowires proximity coupled to superconducting (SC) leads. This combination holds some promises for the fundamental physics and applications. We studied the transverse magnetoresistance (MR) of polycrystal Bi2Te2Se and single-crystal Bi0.83Sb0.17 TI microwires contacted with superconducting In2Bi leads. Bi2Te2Se has a simple band structure with a single Dirac cone on the surface and a large non-trivial bulk gap of 300 meV. The semiconducting alloy Bi0.83Sb0.17 is a strong topological insulator due to the inversion symmetry of bulk crystalline Bi and Sb. To study the TI/SC interface, we prepared Bi2Te2Se and Bi0.83Sb0.17 glass-coated microwire samples using superconducting alloy In2Bi (Tc = 5.6 K) to provide a contact of one side of the microwires with copper leads and gallium to provide a contact of the other side of microwires with copper leads. The MR oscillations equidistant in a transverse magnetic field (up to 1 T) at the TI/SC interface were observed at various temperatures (4.2 K-1.5 K) in both the Bi2Te2Se and Bi0.83Sb0.17 samples. In the Bi2Te3 sample with a diameter of d = 17 μm, this oscillations exist with a period of ΔB = 18 mT; in the Bi0.83Sb0.17 sample with d = 1.7 μm MR oscillations are characterized by a period of ΔB = 46 mT. The observed oscillations cannot be referred to the Shubnikov de Haas oscillations because they are not periodic in an inverse magnetic field and their amplitude decreases with increasing magnetic field. Most probably, transverse MR oscillations arise owing to the appearance of highly conducting edge states on the planar boundary of SC/TI.

Effect of antimony segregation on the electronic properties of InAs/InAsSb superlattices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haugan, H. J.; Szmulowicz, F.; Hudgins, J. J.; Cordonnier, L. E.; Brown, G. J.

2017-08-01

There has been great progress in recent years in advancing the state-of-the-art of Ga-free InAs/InAsSb superlattice (SL) materials for infrared detector applications, spurred by the observation of long minority carrier lifetimes in this material system. However, compositional and dimensional changes through antimony (Sb) segregation alter the detector properties from those originally designed. For this reason, in this work, the authors explore epitaxial conditions that can mitigate this segregation in order to produce high-quality SL materials for optimum detector performance. A nominal SL structure of 7.7 nm InAs/3.5 nm InAs0.7 Sb0.3 tailored for an approximately six-micron response at 5 K was used to optimize the epitaxial parameters. Since the growth of mixed AsSb alloys is complicated by the potential reaction of As with Sb surfaces, the authors vary the substrate temperature (Ts) in order to control the As surface reaction on a Sb surface. Experimental results indicate that the SL sample grown at the lowest investigated Ts produces the highest Sb-mole fraction x of 0.3 in InAs1-x Sbx layers, which then decreases by 21 % as the Ts increases from 395 to 440 °C. This reduction causes an approximately 30 meV blueshift in the position of the excitonic photoluminescence (PL) peak. This finding differs from the results obtained from the Ga-containing InAs/GaSb SL equivalents, where the PL peak position remains constant at about 220 meV, regardless of Ts. The Ga-free SLs generally generate a broader PL linewidth than the corresponding Ga-containing SLs due to the higher spatial Sb distribution at the hetero-interfaces engendered by Sb segregation. In order for this newly proposed Ga-free SL materials to be viable for detector applications, the material problem associated with Sb segregation needs to be adequately controlled and further mitigated.

A new cloud point extraction procedure for determination of inorganic antimony species in beverages and biological samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.

PubMed

Altunay, Nail; Gürkan, Ramazan

2015-05-15

A new cloud-point extraction (CPE) for the determination of antimony species in biological and beverages samples has been established with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The method is based on the fact that formation of the competitive ion-pairing complex of Sb(III) and Sb(V) with Victoria Pure Blue BO (VPB(+)) at pH 10. The antimony species were individually detected by FAAS. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration range for Sb(V) is 1-250 μg L(-1) with a detection limit of 0.25 μg L(-1) and sensitive enhancement factor of 76.3 while the calibration range for Sb(III) is 10-400 μg L(-1) with a detection limit of 5.15 μg L(-1) and sensitive enhancement factor of 48.3. The precision as a relative standard deviation is in range of 0.24-2.35%. The method was successfully applied to the speciative determination of antimony species in the samples. The validation was verified by analysis of certified reference materials (CRMs). Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Strain-Balanced InAs/InAs1-xSbx Type-II Superlattices Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy on GaSb Substrates

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-21

C. Four samples A, B, C, and D with 20 period SLs were grown under identical condi- tions with varying Sb/(Asþ Sb) beam equivalent pressure ( BEP ) flux...incorporation can be achieved. Thus, the InAs1xSbx layers in samples A, B, C, and D have Sb/(AsþSb) BEP ratios of 0.32, 0.347, 0.378, and 0.412

Multielemental Determination of As, Bi, Ge, Sb, and Sn in Agricultural Samples Using Hydride Generation Coupled to Microwave-Induced Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry.

PubMed

Machado, Raquel C; Amaral, Clarice D B; Nóbrega, Joaquim A; Araujo Nogueira, Ana Rita

2017-06-14

A microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometer with N 2 -based plasma was combined with a multimode sample introduction system (MSIS) for hydride generation (HG) and multielemental determination of As, Bi, Ge, Sb, and Sn in samples of forage, bovine liver, powdered milk, agricultural gypsum, rice, and mineral fertilizer, using a single condition of prereduction and reduction. The accuracy of the developed analytical method was evaluated using certified reference materials of water and mineral fertilizer, and recoveries ranged from 95 to 106%. Addition and recovery experiments were carried out, and the recoveries varied from 85 to 117% for all samples evaluated. The limits of detection for As, Bi, Ge, Sb, and Sn were 0.46, 0.09, 0.19, 0.46, and 5.2 μg/L, respectively, for liquid samples, and 0.18, 0.04, 0.08, 0.19, and 2.1 mg/kg, respectively, for solid samples. The method proposed offers a simple, fast, multielemental, and robust alternative for successful determination of all five analytes in agricultural samples with low operational cost without compromising analytical performance.

DWPF Simulant CPC Studies For SB8

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Newell, J. D.

2013-09-25

Prior to processing a Sludge Batch (SB) in the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF), flowsheet studies using simulants are performed. Typically, the flowsheet studies are conducted based on projected composition(s). The results from the flowsheet testing are used to 1) guide decisions during sludge batch preparation, 2) serve as a preliminary evaluation of potential processing issues, and 3) provide a basis to support the Shielded Cells qualification runs performed at the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL). SB8 was initially projected to be a combination of the Tank 40 heel (Sludge Batch 7b), Tank 13, Tank 12, and the Tank 51more » heel. In order to accelerate preparation of SB8, the decision was made to delay the oxalate-rich material from Tank 12 to a future sludge batch. SB8 simulant studies without Tank 12 were reported in a separate report.1 The data presented in this report will be useful when processing future sludge batches containing Tank 12. The wash endpoint target for SB8 was set at a significantly higher sodium concentration to allow acceptable glass compositions at the targeted waste loading. Four non-coupled tests were conducted using simulant representing Tank 40 at 110-146% of the Koopman Minimum Acid requirement. Hydrogen was generated during high acid stoichiometry (146% acid) SRAT testing up to 31% of the DWPF hydrogen limit. SME hydrogen generation reached 48% of of the DWPF limit for the high acid run. Two non-coupled tests were conducted using simulant representing Tank 51 at 110-146% of the Koopman Minimum Acid requirement. Hydrogen was generated during high acid stoichiometry SRAT testing up to 16% of the DWPF limit. SME hydrogen generation reached 49% of the DWPF limit for hydrogen in the SME for the high acid run. Simulant processing was successful using previously established antifoam addition strategy. Foaming during formic acid addition was not observed in any of the runs. Nitrite was destroyed in all runs and no N2O was detected during SME processing. Mercury behavior was consistent with that seen in previous SRAT runs. Mercury was stripped below the DWPF limit on 0.8 wt% for all runs. Rheology yield stress fell within or below the design basis of 1-5 Pa. The low acid Tank 40 run (106% acid stoichiometry) had the highest yield stress at 3.78 Pa.« less

Evaluation of 16S rRNA qPCR for detection of Mycobacterium leprae DNA in nasal secretion and skin biopsy samples from multibacillary and paucibacillary leprosy cases.

PubMed

Marques, Lívia Érika Carlos; Frota, Cristiane Cunha; Quetz, Josiane da Silva; Bindá, Alexandre Havt; Mota, Rosa Maria Salane; Pontes, Maria Araci de Andrade; Gonçalves, Heitor de Sá; Kendall, Carl; Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo

2017-12-26

Mycobacterium leprae bacilli are mainly transmitted by the dissemination of nasal aerosols from multibacillary (MB) patients to susceptible individuals through inhalation. The upper respiratory tract represents the main entry and exit routes of M. leprae. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in detecting M. leprae in nasal secretion (NS) and skin biopsy (SB) samples from MB and paucibacillary (PB) cases. Fifty-four NS samples were obtained from leprosy patients at the Dona Libânia National Reference Centre for Sanitary Dermatology in Ceará, Brazil. Among them, 19 MB cases provided both NS and SB samples. Bacilloscopy index assays were conducted and qPCR amplification was performed using specific primers for M. leprae 16S rRNA gene, generating a 124-bp fragment. Primer specificity was verified by determining the amplicon melting temperature (T m  = 79.5 °C) and detection limit of qPCR was 20 fg of M. leprae DNA. Results were positive for 89.7 and 73.3% of NS samples from MB and PB cases, respectively. SB samples from MB patients were 100% positive. The number of bacilli detected in NS samples were 1.39 × 10 3 -8.02 × 10 5 , and in SB samples from MB patients were 1.87 × 10 3 -1.50 × 10 6 . Therefore, qPCR assays using SYBR Green targeting M. leprae 16S rRNA region can be employed in detecting M. leprae in nasal swabs from leprosy patients, validating this method for epidemiological studies aiming to identify healthy carriers among household contacts or within populations of an endemic area.

Electrodeposition of zinc antimony alloy thermoelectric materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hairin, A. L. N.; Romainor, M. N.; Othman, R.; Daud, F. D. M.

2018-01-01

Zinc antimonite, Zn4Sb3 is a promising thermoelectric material because of its high thermoelectric performance and abundance of Zn and Sb in nature. Thus, in this study, samples of Zn-Sb alloy were prepared using electrodeposition method because of its simple experimental set-up, which also carried out in the room temperature. From the XRD results, all samples deposited exhibit Zn-Sb alloy compositions. The best results were S1 and S3 as they had dominant peaks that showed the crystal lattice of Zn4Sb3. From the SEM images, the surface morphology of Zn-Sb alloy deposited samples showed were all-irregular, course and rough structures. While, the atoms arrangement of the deposited samples were all flowery-like. Based on physical properties characterization, the best samples; S1 (0.1M ZnCl2-0.1M SbCl3, 100mA, 120min) and S3 (0.1M ZnCl2-0.1M SbCl3, 50mA, 120min), were selected and investigated their thermoelectric performances; electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient, to determine their power factor, PF. Heat capacity of the samples was also examined to relate it with thermal conductivity of Zn-Sb deposited samples. For thermoelectric performance, S1 obtained power factor of 1.37x10-7V/K. Ω.cm at 102°C with the Seebeck coefficient of 181μV/K. While as for S3, the power factor was 1.58x10-7V/K. Ω.cm with Seebeck coefficient of 113μV/K at 101°C. From DSC analysis, it showed that S3 obtained higher Cp than S1. Cp for S3 was 46.8093mJ/°C while S1 was 38.3722mJ/°C.

Assessment of postruminal amino acid digestibility of roasted and extruded whole soybeans with the precision-fed rooster assay.

PubMed

Aldrich, C G; Merchen, N R; Parsons, C M; Hussein, H S; Ingram, S; Clodfelter, J R

1997-11-01

The objectives of these studies were to predict the effects of roasting and extrusion temperatures of whole soybeans (SB) on intestinal protein digestibility in cattle. Intestinal digestibility was assessed with a two-stage in vitro or in situ ruminal incubation/precision-fed cecectomized rooster bioassay. In Exp. 1, whole SB (raw SB or SB roasted to 141, 149, or 157 degrees C exit temperature from a commercial roaster and steeped for 30 min) were incubated in strained ruminal fluid and McDougall's buffer (50:50) at 39 degrees C for 16 h. In Exp. 2, SB (ground raw SB or SB extruded at 116, 138, or 160 degrees C) were placed in polyester bags (20 x 30 cm) and suspended in the ventral rumen of steers for 16 h. Lyophilized residue of the in vitro or in situ incubations and samples of raw SB and most extensively heated SB (roasted SB at 157 degrees C or extruded SB at 160 degrees C) for each respective experiment were crop-intubated to cecectomized roosters. Total excreta were collected for 48 h after intubation and lyophilized, and amino acid (AA) concentrations were determined. In Exp. 1, total AA digestibility was 61.6 and 84.5% for unincubated whole raw SB and 157 degrees C roasted SB, respectively, and 66.2, 88.9, 91.3, and 91.6% for in vitro residues of whole raw SB and SB roasted at 141, 149, and 157 degrees C, respectively. Trypsin inhibitor (TI) activity was 20.09, 1.69, 1.54, and 1.84 mg/g fat-free DM for unincubated whole raw SB and 141, 149, and 157 degrees C roasted SB, respectively, and 30.84, 1.01, .90, and .26 mg/g fat-free DM for in vitro residues of whole raw SB, 141, 149, and 157 degrees C roasted SB, respectively. In Exp. 2, total AA digestibility was 68.5 and 87.7% for unincubated ground raw SB and 160 degrees C extruded SB, respectively, and 81.9, 91.3, 89.7, and 89.4% for in situ residues of ground raw SB and 116, 138, and 160 degrees C extruded SB, respectively. Trypsin inhibitor activity was 17.61, 4.89, 4.08, and 1.56 mg/g fat-free DM for unincubated ground raw SB, 116, 138, and 160 degrees C extruded SB, respectively, and 3.62, .59, .55, and .21 mg/g fat-free DM for incubated ground raw SB, 116, 138, and 160 degrees C extruded SB, respectively. Heat treatment by roasting and extrusion improved AA digestibilities of SB, but there were no differences detected among the roasting or extrusion temperatures. Ruminal fermentation did not eliminate the negative effects of TI activity on intestinal digestibility of AA in whole SB but did reduce TI activity in ground SB.

Trace determination of Hg together with As, Sb, Se by miniaturized optical emission spectrometry integrated with chemical vapor generation and capacitively coupled argon microwave miniplasma discharge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matusiewicz, Henryk; Ślachciński, Mariusz

2017-07-01

A miniaturized optical emission spectrometer (OES) with capacitively coupled argon microwave microplasma (μCMP) as and excitation source and chemical vapor generation (CVG) for sample introduction was constructed for the determination of trace Hg, As, Sb and Se. The applied method enabled simultaneous determination of hydride-forming elements (As, Sb, Se) and volatile Hg. Mercury cold vapor and the hydride volatile species of As, Sb and Se were generated when standard or sample solutions were separated from the liquid phase for transport to the capacitively coupled microwave microplasma and detection of their atomic emission. A univariate approach and the simplex optimization procedure were used to achieve optimized conditions and derive analytical figures of merit. The experimental concentration detection limits (LODs) for simultaneous determination, calculated as the concentration giving a signal equal to three times of the standard deviation of the blank (LOD, 3σblank criterion, peak height) were 3.0, 1.4, 1.5 and 3.8 ng mL- 1 for Hg, As, Sb and Se, respectively. The method was validated by the analysis of three Certified Reference Materials (NIST 2711, NRCC DOLT-2, NIST 1643e) of different matrix composition and by the standard addition technique. The method offers relatively good precision (RSD ranged from 5% to 8%) for microsampling (200 μL) analysis. The measured of contents of elements in certified reference materials were in good agreement with the certified values (Hg 1.99-6.25 μg g- 1, As 16.6-105 μg g- 1, Sb 19.4-56.88 μg g- 1, Se 1.52-11.68 μg g- 1), according to the Student t-test, for a confidence level of 95%.

Sb,123121 nuclear quadrupole resonance as a microscopic probe in the Te-doped correlated semimetal FeSb2: Emergence of electronic Griffith phase, magnetism, and metallic behavior

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gippius, A. A.; Zhurenko, S. V.; Hu, R.; Petrovic, C.; Baenitz, M.

2018-02-01

Sb,123121 nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) was applied to Fe(Sb1-xTex)2 in the low doping regime (x =0 , 0.01, and 0.05) as a microscopic zero field probe to study the evolution of 3 d magnetism and the emergence of metallic behavior. Whereas the NQR spectra itself reflects the degree of local disorder via the width of the individual NQR lines, the spin lattice relaxation rate (SLRR) 1 /T1(T ) probes the fluctuations at the Sb site. The fluctuations originate either from conduction electrons or from magnetic moments. In contrast to the semimetal FeSb2 with a clear signature of the charge and spin gap formation in 1 /T1(T ) T [˜exp/(Δ kBT ) ] , the 1% Te-doped system exhibits almost metallic conductivity and the SLRR nicely confirms that the gap is almost filled. A weak divergence of the SLRR coefficient 1 /T1(T ) T ˜T-n˜T-0.2 points towards the presence of electronic correlations towards low temperatures. This is supported by the electronic specific heat coefficient γ =(Cel/T ) showing a power-law divergence γ (T ) ˜T-m˜(1/T1T ) 1 /2˜T-n /2˜Cel/T which is expected in the renormalized Landau Fermi liquid theory for correlated electrons. In contrast to that the 5% Te-doped sample exhibits a much larger divergence in the SLRR coefficient showing 1 /T1(T ) T ˜T-0.72 . According to the specific heat divergence a power law with n =2 m =0.56 is expected for the SLRR. This dissimilarity originates from admixed critical magnetic fluctuations in the vicinity of antiferromagnetic long range order with 1 /T1(T ) T ˜T-3 /4 behavior. Furthermore Te-doped FeSb2 as a disordered paramagnetic metal might be a platform for the electronic Griffith phase scenario. NQR evidences a substantial asymmetric broadening of the Sb,123121 NQR spectrum for the 5% sample. This has a predominant electronic origin in agreement with the electronic Griffith phase and stems probably from an enhanced Sb-Te bond polarization and electronic density shift towards the Te atom inside Sb-Te dumbbell.

Sb 121 , 123 nuclear quadrupole resonance as a microscopic probe in the Te-doped correlated semimetal FeSb 2 : Emergence of electronic Griffith phase, magnetism, and metallic behavior

DOE PAGES

Gippius, A. A.; Zhurenko, S. V.; Hu, R.; ...

2018-02-12

121,123Sb nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) was applied to Fe(Sb 1-xTe x) 2 in the low doping regime (x = 0 , 0.01, and 0.05) as a microscopic zero field probe to study the evolution of 3d magnetism and the emergence of metallic behavior. Whereas the NQR spectra itself reflects the degree of local disorder via the width of the individual NQR lines, the spin lattice relaxation rate (SLRR) 1/T 1 (T) probes the fluctuations at the Sb site. The fluctuations originate either from conduction electrons or from magnetic moments. In contrast to the semimetal FeSb 2 with a clear signaturemore » of the charge and spin gap formation in 1/T 1(T)T[~exp/(Δk BT)] , the 1% Te-doped system exhibits almost metallic conductivity and the SLRR nicely confirms that the gap is almost filled. A weak divergence of the SLRR coefficient 1/T 1(T)T ~ T -n ~ T -0.2 points towards the presence of electronic correlations towards low temperatures. This is supported by the electronic specific heat coefficient γ = (C el/T) showing a power-law divergence γ (T) ~ T -m ~ (1/T 1T) 1/2 ~ T -n/2 ~ C el/T which is expected in the renormalized Landau Fermi liquid theory for correlated electrons. In contrast to that the 5% Te-doped sample exhibits a much larger divergence in the SLRR coefficient showing 1/T 1(T)T ~ T -0.72 . According to the specific heat divergence a power law with n = 2 m = 0.56 is expected for the SLRR. This dissimilarity originates from admixed critical magnetic fluctuations in the vicinity of antiferromagnetic long range order with 1/T 1(T)T ~ T -3/4 behavior. Furthermore Te-doped FeSb 2 as a disordered paramagnetic metal might be a platform for the electronic Griffith phase scenario. NQR evidences a substantial asymmetric broadening of the 121,123Sb NQR spectrum for the 5% sample. Lastly, this has a predominant electronic origin in agreement with the electronic Griffith phase and stems probably from an enhanced Sb-Te bond polarization and electronic density shift towards the Te atom inside Sb-Te dumbbell.« less

Sb 121 , 123 nuclear quadrupole resonance as a microscopic probe in the Te-doped correlated semimetal FeSb 2 : Emergence of electronic Griffith phase, magnetism, and metallic behavior

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gippius, A. A.; Zhurenko, S. V.; Hu, R.

121,123Sb nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) was applied to Fe(Sb 1-xTe x) 2 in the low doping regime (x = 0 , 0.01, and 0.05) as a microscopic zero field probe to study the evolution of 3d magnetism and the emergence of metallic behavior. Whereas the NQR spectra itself reflects the degree of local disorder via the width of the individual NQR lines, the spin lattice relaxation rate (SLRR) 1/T 1 (T) probes the fluctuations at the Sb site. The fluctuations originate either from conduction electrons or from magnetic moments. In contrast to the semimetal FeSb 2 with a clear signaturemore » of the charge and spin gap formation in 1/T 1(T)T[~exp/(Δk BT)] , the 1% Te-doped system exhibits almost metallic conductivity and the SLRR nicely confirms that the gap is almost filled. A weak divergence of the SLRR coefficient 1/T 1(T)T ~ T -n ~ T -0.2 points towards the presence of electronic correlations towards low temperatures. This is supported by the electronic specific heat coefficient γ = (C el/T) showing a power-law divergence γ (T) ~ T -m ~ (1/T 1T) 1/2 ~ T -n/2 ~ C el/T which is expected in the renormalized Landau Fermi liquid theory for correlated electrons. In contrast to that the 5% Te-doped sample exhibits a much larger divergence in the SLRR coefficient showing 1/T 1(T)T ~ T -0.72 . According to the specific heat divergence a power law with n = 2 m = 0.56 is expected for the SLRR. This dissimilarity originates from admixed critical magnetic fluctuations in the vicinity of antiferromagnetic long range order with 1/T 1(T)T ~ T -3/4 behavior. Furthermore Te-doped FeSb 2 as a disordered paramagnetic metal might be a platform for the electronic Griffith phase scenario. NQR evidences a substantial asymmetric broadening of the 121,123Sb NQR spectrum for the 5% sample. Lastly, this has a predominant electronic origin in agreement with the electronic Griffith phase and stems probably from an enhanced Sb-Te bond polarization and electronic density shift towards the Te atom inside Sb-Te dumbbell.« less

Investigation of superconducting and normal-state properties of the filled-skutterudite system PrPt 4 Ge 12 - x Sb x

DOE PAGES

Jeon, I.; Huang, K.; Yazici, D.; ...

2016-03-07

We report a study of the superconducting and normal-state properties of the filled-skutterudite system PrPt 4Ge 12 - x Sb x. Polycrystalline samples with Sb concentrations up to x = 5 were synthesized and investigated by means of x-ray diffraction, electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat measurements. We observed a suppression of superconductivity with increasing Sb substitution up to x = 4 , above which no signature of superconductivity was observed down to 140 mK. The Sommerfeld coefficient, γ , of superconducting specimens decreases with increasing x up to x = 3 , suggesting that superconductivity may depend onmore » the density of electronic states in this system. Finally, the specific heat for x = 0.5 exhibits an exponential temperature dependence in the superconducting state, reminiscent of a nodeless superconducting energy gap. Here we observed evidence for a weak “rattling” mode associated with the Pr ions, characterized by an Einstein temperature Θ E ~ 60 K for 0 ≤ x ≤ 5 ; however, the rattling mode may not play any role in suppressing superconductivity.« less

Mineralogical controls on antimony and arsenic mobility during tetrahedrite-tennantite weathering at historic mine sites Špania Dolina-Piesky and Lubietová-Svätodušná, Slovakia

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bor,; #269; inová rAdková, AnežkA

The legacy of copper (Cu) mining at Špania Dolina-Piesky and Lubietová-Svätodušná (central Slovakia) is waste rock and soil, surface waters, and groundwaters contaminated with antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), Cu, and other metals. Copper ore is hosted in chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and sulfosalt solid-solution tetrahedrite-tennantite {Cu6[Cu4(Fe,Zn)2]Sb4S13–Cu6[Cu4(Fe,Zn)2]As4S13} that show wide-spread oxidation characteristic by olive-green color secondary minerals. Tetrahedrite-tennantite can be a significant source of As and Sb contamination. Synchrotron-based μ-XRD, μ-XRF, and μ-XANES combined with electron microprobe analyses have been used to determine the mineralogy, chemical composition, element distribution, and Sb speciation in tetrahedrite-tennantite oxidation products in waste rock. Our results show thatmore » the mobility of Sb is limited by the formation of oxidation products such as tripuhyite and roméite group mineral containing 36.54 wt% Sb for samples where the primary mineral chemical composition is close to tetrahedrite end-member. Antimony K-edge μ-XANES spectra of these oxidation products indicate that the predominant Sb oxidation state is 5+. Arsenic and Cu are also hosted by amorphous phases containing 6.23 wt% Sb on average and these are intergrown with tripuhyite and roméite. Antimony in this environment is not very mobile, meaning it is not easily released from solid phases to water, especially compared to As, Cu, and S. For samples where the primary sulfosalt is close to tennantite composition, the oxidation products associated with tennantite relicts contain 2.43 wt% Sb and are amorphous. The variable solubility of the secondary minerals that have been identified is expected to influence mobility of Sb and As in near-surface environment.« less

Computational insights into the concomitant changes of hollow interior evolution in [SbnAunSbn]m (n=3, 4, 5, 6; m= -3, -2, -1, -2) complex

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Tingting; Ning, Ping; Tang, Lihong; Li, Kai; Bao, Shuangyou; Jin, Xu; Song, Xin; Zhang, Xiuying; Han, Shuang

2017-02-01

A series of novel all-metal sandwich species, [SbnAunSbn]m (n= 3, 4, 5, 6; m= -3, -2, -1, -2), are carefully designed and are systematically investigated in term of structure, bonding nature, stability, and potential application. These results show that [SbnAunSbn]m (n=3, 4, 5, 6; m= -3, -2, -1, -2), have local minimum values on their potential energy surfaces. For the Sb-Sb and Sb-Au bond, they are obviously covalent features, while in Au-Au, there is a typical aurophilic interaction. Furthermore, these species present expected stability owing to the positive dissociation energy, great Egap, ionization potential (IP), aromaticity and perfected mechanical stability. Interestingly, [Sb5Au5Sb5]- and [Sb6Au6Sb6]2- are aromatic, while both [Sb3Au3Sb3]3- and [Sb4Au4Sb4]2- possess conflicting aromaticity. And all the title species hold tube aromaticty and δ aromaticty. prediction The application suggests that the Sb site is favorable for absorbing CO in the units, and [Sb3Au3Sb3]3- is more suitable than others; CO is absorbed by the p-p interaction between the C and Sb atoms.

A two-dimensional phase separation on the spherical surface of the metallic glass Au55Pb22.5Sb22.5

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, M. C.; Johnson, W. L.

1982-01-01

Recent experiments indicate that a phase separation in a spherical sample of the metallic glass Au55Pb22.5Sb22.5 occurs near the surface of the sphere. This strongly suggests either a contribution of surface-free energy to the decomposition process or a possible influence of near surface impurities absorbed during synthesis of the sphere. The surface phase separation has been studied as a function of cooling rate of the sphere. At high cooling rates (small sphere sizes), the surface separation disappears altogether suggesting that the surface of the parent liquid droplet is initially homogeneous.

The structure directing effect of organic cations onto the crystal structures of layered thioantimonates(III): Solvothermal synthesis and crystal structures of five new compounds containing the 2∞[Sb 8S 13] 2- anion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Puls, Angela; Näther, Christian; Kiebach, Ragnar; Bensch, Wolfgang

2006-09-01

The five new thioantimonates(III) ( iprH) 2[Sb 8S 13] ( I), (1,2-dapH) 2[Sb 8S 13] ( II), (1,3-dapH 2)[Sb 8S 13] ( III), (dienH 2)[Sb 8S 13]ṡ1.5H 2O ( IV), and (C 6H 9N 2)[Sb 8S 13]ṡ2.5H 2O ( V) were synthesised under solvothermal conditions ( ipr = iso-propylamine; 1,2-dap = 1,2-diaminopropane; 1,3-dap = 1,3-diaminopropane; dien = diethylentriamine; C 6H 9N 2 = 3-(aminoethyl)-pyridine). The structures of compounds I and II are topological very similar and a central motif is a Sb 10S 10 ring. On both sides of this ring Sb 5S 5 rings are condensed. These rings are connected via Sb 4S 4 rings leading to the sequence Sb 10S 10-Sb 5S 5-Sb 4S 4-Sb 5S 5-Sb 10Sb 10 in the [010] direction. Further interconnection into the two-dimensional [Sb 8S 13] 2- anion produces a large central Sb 18S 18 ring with dimensions of 11ṡ11 Å in both compounds. The two atoms thick layers are linear and stacked along the a axis generating large channels running along [010]. The layered anion of compound III is constructed by interconnection of the SbS 3 and SbS 4 units yielding Sb 19S 19, Sb 14S 14, Sb 13S 13, and Sb 8S 8 rings. The linear layers are two atoms thick and are stacked perpendicular to [001] to form channels running along the same direction. The last two compounds IV and V show a similar network topology. The layered anion is constructed by SbS 3 trigonal pyramids and SbS 4 units. The layer contains a Sb 12S 12 rings as the main structural motif. The corrugated layers extending in the (100) plane are two atoms thick and are stacked in a manner that large tunnels run along [100]. The total potential solvent areas are large and range from 20.7% for III to 35% for II.

Effects of force fields on the conformational and dynamic properties of amyloid β(1-40) dimer explored by replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations.

PubMed

Watts, Charles R; Gregory, Andrew; Frisbie, Cole; Lovas, Sándor

2018-03-01

The conformational space and structural ensembles of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and their oligomers in solution are inherently disordered and proven to be challenging to study. Optimum force field selection for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the biophysical relevance of results are still unknown. We compared the conformational space of the Aβ(1-40) dimers by 300 ns replica exchange MD simulations at physiological temperature (310 K) using: the AMBER-ff99sb-ILDN, AMBER-ff99sb*-ILDN, AMBER-ff99sb-NMR, and CHARMM22* force fields. Statistical comparisons of simulation results to experimental data and previously published simulations utilizing the CHARMM22* and CHARMM36 force fields were performed. All force fields yield sampled ensembles of conformations with collision cross sectional areas for the dimer that are statistically significantly larger than experimental results. All force fields, with the exception of AMBER-ff99sb-ILDN (8.8 ± 6.4%) and CHARMM36 (2.7 ± 4.2%), tend to overestimate the α-helical content compared to experimental CD (5.3 ± 5.2%). Using the AMBER-ff99sb-NMR force field resulted in the greatest degree of variance (41.3 ± 12.9%). Except for the AMBER-ff99sb-NMR force field, the others tended to under estimate the expected amount of β-sheet and over estimate the amount of turn/bend/random coil conformations. All force fields, with the exception AMBER-ff99sb-NMR, reproduce a theoretically expected β-sheet-turn-β-sheet conformational motif, however, only the CHARMM22* and CHARMM36 force fields yield results compatible with collapse of the central and C-terminal hydrophobic cores from residues 17-21 and 30-36. Although analyses of essential subspace sampling showed only minor variations between force fields, secondary structures of lowest energy conformers are different. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Impact of microstructure on the thermoelectric properties of the ternary compound Ce{sub 3}Cu{sub 3}Sb{sub 4}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Witas, Piotr, E-mail: pwitas@us.edu.pl

We present detailed structural and thermoelectric studies of the ternary compound Ce{sub 3}Cu{sub 3}Sb{sub 4}. This material is of interest due to previously reported considerable thermopower above room temperature (∼ 100 μV/K) and low thermal conductivity (2 W/(m K)). Here, we present detailed studies concerning microstructural and thermoelectric data, their variation across the samples and possible explanations for the observed behaviour. We have used X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) for microstructural analysis. The thermoelectric properties were examined using a physical property measurement system (PPMS). We analyse the impact of the sample qualitymore » on the thermoelectric properties. The most unstable parameter is the material resistivity which varies between 1.5 and 15 mΩ cm at room temperature. The properties variability is mainly due to structural defects caused by stresses during material preparation and also due to formation of foreign phases CeCuSb{sub 2} and CeSb. The figure of merit ZT is also strongly dependent on the quality of the sample. The largest value ZT ≈ 0.15 at 400 K is determined for the almost stoichiometric sample with small amounts of a impurity phases. - Highlights: •The Ce{sub 3}Cu{sub 3}Sb{sub 4} has considerable thermoelectric properties and potential for further chemical and/or structural modification. •The control over foreign phases formation is challenging. •The defects arising during arc melting process highly deteriorate ZT of material.« less

Enrichment and sources of trace metals in roadside soils in Shanghai, China: A case study of two urban/rural roads.

PubMed

Yan, Geng; Mao, Lingchen; Liu, Shuoxun; Mao, Yu; Ye, Hua; Huang, Tianshu; Li, Feipeng; Chen, Ling

2018-08-01

The road traffic has become one of the main sources of urban pollution and could directly affect roadside soils. To understand the level of contamination and potential sources of trace metals in roadside soils of Shanghai, 10 trace metals (Sb, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg, Mn and Zn) from two urban/rural roads (Hutai Road and Wunign-Caoan Road) were analyzed in this study. Antimony, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg and Zn concentrations were higher than that of soil background values of Shanghai, whereas accumulation of Cr, Co and Mn were minimal. Significantly higher Sb, Cd, Pb contents were found in samples from urban areas than those from suburban area, suggesting the impact from urbanization. The concentrations of Sb and Cd in older road (Hutai) were higher than that in younger road (Wunign-Caoan). Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that Sb, Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn were mainly controlled by traffic activities (e.g. brake wear, tire wear, automobile exhaust) with high contamination levels found near traffic-intensive areas; Cr, Co, Ni and Mn derived primarily from soil parent materials; Hg was related to industrial activities. Besides, the enrichment of Sb, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn showed a decreasing trend with distance to the road edges. According to the enrichment factors (EF s ), 78.5% of Sb, Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn were in moderate or significant pollution, indicating considerable traffic contribution. In particular, recently introduced in automotive technology, accumulation of Sb has been recognized in 42.9% samples of both roads. The accumulation of these traffic-derived metals causes potential negative impact to human health and ecological environment and should be concerned, especially the emerging trace elements like Sb. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comprehensive thermal and structural characterization of antimony-phosphate glass

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moustafa, S. Y.; Sahar, M. R.; Ghoshal, S. K.

For the first time, we prepare new ternary glass systems of composition (95-x)Sb2O3-xP2O5-5MgO, where x = 45, 40, 35 mol%; (85-x)Sb2O3-xP2O5-15MgO, where x = 55, 35, 25 mol%; (75-x)Sb2O3-xP2O5-25MgO, where x = 45, 35, 25 mol%; and 60Sb2O3-(40-x)P2O5-xMgO, where x = 10, 20 mol% via melt-quenching method. Synthesized glasses are characterized using XRD, FESEM, EDX, and TG/DTA measurements. The influence of varying modifier concentrations on their thermal properties is evaluated. The XRD patterns confirmed the amorphous nature of samples. SEM images demonstrated interesting phase formation with ribbons-like texture. Five crystalline phases are evidenced in the ternary diagram which are antimony phosphate and antimony orthophosphate as major phases as well as magnesium phosphate, magnesium cyclo-tetraphosphate and cervantite as minor phases. EDX spectra detected the right elemental traces. Detailed thermal analysis of these glasses revealed their high-molecular polymer character for Sb2O3 content greater than 50 mol%. Three different glass transition temperatures are achieved around 276, 380-381 and 422-470 °C depending on the composition. Furthermore, the solidus and liquidus temperature are found to decrease with increasing Sb2O3 and increases for MgO contents till 15 mol% and then decrease, where the lowest recorded solidus temperature is 426 °C. This observation may open up new research avenues for antimony based ternary glasses and an exploitation of the derived results for optoelectronics applications, photonic devices and non-linear optical devices.

Ba-filled Ni–Sb–Sn based skutterudites with anomalously high lattice thermal conductivity

DOE PAGES

Paschinger, W.; Rogl, Gerda; Grytsiv, A.; ...

2016-06-21

Here, in this study, novel filled skutterudites Ba yNi 4Sb 12-xSn x (y max = 0.93) have been prepared by arc melting followed by annealing at 250, 350 and 450°C up to 30 days in vacuum-sealed quartz vials. Extension of the homogeneity region, solidus temperatures and structural investigations were performed for the skutterudite phase in the ternary Ni–Sn–Sb and in the quaternary Ba–Ni–Sb–Sn systems. Phase equilibria in the Ni–Sn–Sb system at 450°C were established by means of Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XPD). With rather small cages Ni 4(Sb,Sn) 12, the Ba–Ni–Sn–Sb skutterudite system is perfectly suitedmore » to study the influence of filler atoms on the phonon thermal conductivity. Single-phase samples with the composition Ni 4Sb 8.2Sn 3.8, Ba 0.42Ni 4Sb 8.2Sn 3.8 and Ba 0.92Ni 4Sb 6.7Sn 5.3 were used to measure their physical properties, i.e. temperature dependent electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity. The resistivity data demonstrate a crossover from metallic to semiconducting behaviour. The corresponding gap width was extracted from the maxima in the Seebeck coefficient data as a function of temperature. Single crystal X-ray structure analyses at 100, 200 and 300 K revealed the thermal expansion coefficients as well as Einstein and Debye temperatures for Ba 0.73Ni 4Sb 8.1Sn 3.9 and Ba 0.95Ni 4Sb 6.1Sn 5.9. These data were in accordance with the Debye temperatures obtained from the specific heat (4.4 K < T < 140 K) and Mössbauer spectroscopy (10 K < T < 290 K). Rather small atom displacement parameters for the Ba filler atoms indicate a severe reduction in the “rattling behaviour” consistent with the high levels of lattice thermal conductivity. The elastic moduli, collected from Resonant Ultrasonic Spectroscopy ranged from 100 GPa for Ni 4Sb 8.2Sn 3.8 to 116 GPa for Ba 0.92Ni 4Sb 6.7Sn 5.3. The thermal expansion coefficients were 11.8 × 10 -6 K -1 for Ni 4Sb 8.2Sn 3.8 and 13.8 × 10 -6 K -1 for Ba 0.92Ni 4Sb 6.7Sn 5.3. The room temperature Vickers hardness values vary within the range from 2.6 GPa to 4.7 GPa. Lastly, severe plastic deformation via high-pressure torsion was used to introduce nanostructuring; however, the physical properties before and after HPT showed no significant effect on the materials thermoelectric behaviour.« less

Study on anisotropy of n-type Mg3Sb2-based thermoelectric materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Song, Shaowei; Mao, Jun; Shuai, Jing; Zhu, Hangtian; Ren, Zhensong; Saparamadu, Udara; Tang, Zhongjia; Wang, Bo; Ren, Zhifeng

2018-02-01

The recent discovery of a high thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) in an n-type Mg3Sb2-based Zintl phase triggered an intense research effort to pursue even higher ZT. Based on our previous report on Mg3.1Nb0.1Sb1.5Bi0.49Te0.01, we report here that partial texturing in the (001) plane is achieved by double hot pressing, which is further confirmed by the rocking curves of the (002) plane. The textured samples of Mg3.1Nb0.1Sb1.5Bi0.49Te0.01 show a much better average performance in the (00l) plane. Hall mobility is significantly improved to ˜105 cm2 V-1 s-1 at room temperature in the (00l) plane due to texturing, resulting in higher electrical conductivity, a higher power factor of ˜18 μW cm-1 K-2 at room temperature, and also higher average ZT. This work shows that texturing is good for higher thermoelectric performance, suggesting that single crystals of n-type Mg3Sb2-based Zintl compounds are worth pursuing.

Beneficial Effect of S-Filling on Thermoelectric Properties of S x Co4Sb11.2Te0.8 Skutterudite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Hongtao; Duan, Bo; Bai, Guanghui; Li, Jialiang; Yu, Yue; Yang, Houjiang; Chen, Gang; Zhai, Pengcheng

2018-06-01

In this work, Te-doped and S-filled S x Co4Sb11.2Te0.8 ( x = 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.4) skutterudite compounds have been prepared using solid state reaction and spark plasma sintering. Thermoelectric measurements of the consolidated samples were examined in a temperature range of 300-850 K, and the influences of S-addition on the thermoelectric properties of S x Co4Sb11.2Te0.8 skutterudites are systematically investigated. The results indicate that the addition of sulfur and tellurium is effective in reducing lattice thermal conductivity due to the point-defect scattering caused by tellurium substitutions and the cluster vibration brought by S-filling. The solubility of tellurium in skutterudites is enhanced with sulfur addition via charge compensation. The thermal conductivity decreases with increasing sulfur content. The highest figure of merit, ZT = 1.5, was obtained at 850 K for S0.3Co4Sb11.2Te0.8 sample, because of the low lattice thermal conductivity.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ho, Pei Chun; Singleton, John; Goddard, Paul A.

We use MHz conductivity, torque magnetometer, and magnetization measurements to report on single crystals of CeOs 4 Sb 12 and NdOs 4 Sb 12 using temperatures down to 0.5 K and magnetic fields of up to 60 tesla. The field-orientation dependence of the de Haas-van Alphen and Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations is deduced by rotating the samples about the [ 010 ] and [ 0more » $$\\bar{1}$$ 1 1 ] directions. Our results indicate that NdOs 4 Sb 12 has a similar Fermi surface topology to that of the unusual superconductor PrOs 4 Sb 12 , but with significantly smaller effective masses, supporting the importance of local phonon modes in contributing to the low-temperature heat capacity of NdOs 4 Sb 12 . By contrast, CeOs 4 Sb 12 undergoes a field-induced transition from an unusual semimetal into a high-field, high-temperature state characterized by a single, almost spherical Fermi-surface section. Furthermore, the behavior of the phase boundary and comparisons with models of the band structure lead us to propose that the field-induced phase transition in CeOs 4 Sb 12 is similar in origin to the well-known α - γ transition in Ce and its alloys.« less

InGaAs/InAsSb strained layer superlattices for mid-wave infrared detectors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ariyawansa, Gamini, E-mail: gamini.ariyawansa.2@us.af.mil; Reyner, Charles J.; Steenbergen, Elizabeth H.

2016-01-11

Investigation of growth and properties of InGaAs/InAsSb strained layer superlattices, identified as ternary strained layer superlattices (ternary SLSs), is reported. The material space for the antimony-based SLS detector development is expanded beyond InAs/InAsSb and InAs/(In)GaSb by incorporating Ga into InAs. It was found that this not only provides support for strain compensation but also enhances the infrared (IR) absorption properties. A unique InGaAs/InAsSb SLS exists when the conduction band of InGaAs aligns with that of InAsSb. The bandgap of this specific InGaAs/InAsSb SLS can then be tuned by adjusting the thickness of both constituents. Due to the enhanced electron-hole wavefunctionmore » overlap, a significant increase in the absorption coefficient was theoretically predicted for ternary SLS as compared to current state-of-the-art InAs/InAsSb SLS structures, and an approximately 30%–35% increase in the absorption coefficient was experimentally observed. All the samples examined in this work were designed to have the same bandgap of approximately 0.240 eV (5.6 μm) at 150 K.« less

Nanostructured Co1-xNix(Sb1-yTey)3 skutterudites: Theoretical modeling, synthesis and thermoelectric properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stiewe, Christian; Bertini, Luca; Toprak, Muhammet; Christensen, Mogens; Platzek, Dieter; Williams, Simon; Gatti, Carlo; Müller, Eckhard; Iversen, Bo B.; Muhammed, Mamoun; Rowe, Michael

2005-02-01

The properties of Te-doped Co(Sb1-yTey)3 and Te-Ni double-doped Co1-xNix(Sb1-yTey)3 nanostructured skutterudites were evaluated by means of x-ray powder diffraction, and transport properties measured on the synthesized samples have been compared with ab initio theoretical modeling. Theoretical optimal dopant contents have been evaluated according to the maximum value of the power factor, calculating the electronic transport properties from the ab initio material band structure using semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory. The samples have been synthesized by chemical alloying with Te substitution for Sb up to 2.5at.% and Ni substitution for Co up to 2.0at.%. X-ray powder diffraction has been performed on all samples to reveal information about phase purity and Rietveld refinement was performed for the phase composition and cell parameter. The thermoelectric properties of the resulting consolidates were investigated in a temperature range from 300to723K using various measurement facilities. A standardization and round robin program was started among the participating evaluation laboratories in order to ensure reliability of the data obtained. The significant reduction in thermal conductivity, when compared to highly annealed CoSb3, could be proved which is caused by the nanostructuring, resulting in a high concentration of grain boundaries. A combination of substitution levels for Ni and Te has been found resulting in the largest ZT value of 0.65 at 680K among unfilled skutterudite materials.

Waist Circumference and Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior in Rural School Adolescents.

PubMed

Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M; Coelho E Silva, Manuel J; Ribeiro, Luís P; Fernandes, Romulo; Mota, Jorge; Malina, Robert M

2016-01-01

Research on relationships between lifestyle behaviors and adiposity in school youth is potentially important for identifying subgroups at risk. This study evaluates the associations between waist circumference (WC) and objective measures of sedentary behavior (SB) in a sample of rural school adolescents. The sample included 254 students (114 boys, 140 girls), 13-16 years of age, from rural regions of the Portuguese midlands. Height, weight, and WC were measured. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was assessed with the 20-m shuttle-run test. An uniaxial GT1M accelerometer was used to obtain 5 consecutive days of physically activity (PA) and SB. Multiple linear regression was used to test associations between WC and SB, adjusted for several potential confounders (age, sex, PA, CRF, parental education). SB was not significantly associated with the WC, neither in the unadjusted model nor after adjustment for all potential confounders. In the final model, the unique significant predictor of the WC was cardiorespiratory fitness (β = -0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.02 to -0.62). WC was not independently associated with SB time in rural school adolescents. Future research is claimed among rural adolescents in different geographic contexts to try to clarify recent findings of less studied communities. © 2015, American School Health Association.

Fermi-surface topologies and low-temperature phases of the filled skutterudite compounds CeOs 4 Sb 12 and NdOs 4 Sb 12

DOE PAGES

Ho, Pei Chun; Singleton, John; Goddard, Paul A.; ...

2016-11-28

We use MHz conductivity, torque magnetometer, and magnetization measurements to report on single crystals of CeOs 4 Sb 12 and NdOs 4 Sb 12 using temperatures down to 0.5 K and magnetic fields of up to 60 tesla. The field-orientation dependence of the de Haas-van Alphen and Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations is deduced by rotating the samples about the [ 010 ] and [ 0more » $$\\bar{1}$$ 1 1 ] directions. Our results indicate that NdOs 4 Sb 12 has a similar Fermi surface topology to that of the unusual superconductor PrOs 4 Sb 12 , but with significantly smaller effective masses, supporting the importance of local phonon modes in contributing to the low-temperature heat capacity of NdOs 4 Sb 12 . By contrast, CeOs 4 Sb 12 undergoes a field-induced transition from an unusual semimetal into a high-field, high-temperature state characterized by a single, almost spherical Fermi-surface section. Furthermore, the behavior of the phase boundary and comparisons with models of the band structure lead us to propose that the field-induced phase transition in CeOs 4 Sb 12 is similar in origin to the well-known α - γ transition in Ce and its alloys.« less

Chemical and structural arrangement of the trigonal phase in GeSbTe thin films.

PubMed

Mio, Antonio M; Privitera, Stefania M S; Bragaglia, Valeria; Arciprete, Fabrizio; Bongiorno, Corrado; Calarco, Raffaella; Rimini, Emanuele

2017-02-10

The thermal and electrical properties of phase change materials, mainly GeSbTe alloys, in the crystalline state strongly depend on their phase and on the associated degree of order. The switching of Ge atoms in superlattice structures with trigonal phase has been recently proposed to develop memories with reduced switching energy, in which two differently ordered crystalline phases are the logic states. A detailed knowledge of the stacking plane sequence, of the local composition and of the vacancy distribution is therefore crucial in order to understand the underlying mechanism of phase transformations in the crystalline state and to evaluate the retention properties. This information is provided, as reported in this paper, by scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis of polycrystalline and epitaxial Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 thin samples, using the Z-contrast high-angle annular dark field method. Electron diffraction clearly confirms the presence of compositional mixing with stacking blocks of 11, 9 or 7 planes corresponding to Ge 3 Sb 2 Te 6 , Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 , and GeSb 2 Te 4 , alloys respectively in the same trigonal phase. By increasing the degree of order (according to the annealing temperature, the growth condition, etc) the spread in the statistical distribution of the blocks reduces and the distribution of the atoms in the cation planes also changes from a homogenous Ge/Sb mixing towards a Sb-enrichment in the planes closest to the van der Waals gaps. Therefore we show that the trigonal phase of Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 , the most studied chalcogenide for phase-change memories, is actually obtained in different configurations depending on the distribution of the stacking blocks (7-9-11 planes) and on the atomic occupation (Ge/Sb) at the cation planes. These results give an insight in the factors determining the stability of the trigonal phase and suggest a dynamic path evolution that could have a key role in the switching mechanism of interfacial phase change memories and in their data retention.

Area 3 Support Buildings (A3SB) H5-0992, H5-0996 PRL 218 Confirmatory Sampling Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mrdjenovich, Timothy

2015-01-01

The Area 3 Support Buildings site (A3SB) consists of two separate areas located on the north side of Beach Road in the northern portion of Kennedy Space Center, Florida (KSC), outside the secured perimeter of KSC. The A3SB areas are approximately 0.6 miles apart, and were developed as Shiffler's Grocery Store and Service Station (west site) and as a residence (east site) prior to acquisition by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 1963. Both areas were used by the Bendix Company in support of NASA as chemical laboratories from 1963 through 1969. Both of the buildings were demolished by 1987. The west portion of the site was used by the US Fish & Wildlife Service (F&W) in support of the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (MINWR) for parking at the entrance to the Hammock Trails from 1969 to the present. The east portion of the site was used for intermittent suspect materials staging in the early 1990s and is still used as an apiary location, but is otherwise no longer active. In support of the NASA HSWA permit requirements, this site was identified as Potential Release Location (PRL) 218 and a Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) Assessment (SA) was conducted in 2013. Confirmatory Sampling (CS) was recommended and approved by the KSC Remediation Team (KSCRT). Three locations of concern (LOCs) were identified and sampled at the site. The LOCs include two former chemical labs and a former suspect staging area. The CS was conducted in March of 2015 at three locations by means of Direct Push Technology (DPT) groundwater sampling and at one location for soil sampling. The samples were collected and analyzed in accordance with the approved CS Work Plan. There were no exceedances of criteria detected in any of the samples from the three LOCs. The results of this investigation indicate that past and/or present operations have not negatively impacted environmental media at the A3SB. Based upon no confirmed groundwater detections above GCTLs and no soil impacts above applicable screening criteria no further investigation is warranted at the A3SB. A No Further Action (NFA) status for all locations was approved by the KSCRT at the June 2015 meeting.

Optimization and Analysis of Thermoelectric Properties of Unfilled Co(1-x-y)Ni(x)Fe(y)Sb3 Synthesized via a Rapid Hydrothermal Procedure.

PubMed

Gharleghi, Ahmad; Chu, Yu-Hsien; Lin, Fei-Hung; Yang, Zong-Ren; Pai, Yi-Hsuan; Liu, Chia-Jyi

2016-03-02

A series of nanostructured co-doped Co(1-x-y)Ni(x)Fe(y)Sb3 were fabricated using a rapid hydrothermal method at 170 °C for a duration of 12 h, followed by evacuated-and-encapsulated heating at 580 °C for a short period of 5 h. The resulting samples were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, bulk density, electronic and thermal transport measurements. The power factor of Co(1-x-y)Ni(x)Fe(y)Sb3 is significantly enhanced in the high-temperature region due to significant enhancement of the electrical conductivity and absolute value of thermopower. The latter arises from the onset of bipolar effect being shifted to higher temperatures as compared with the non-doped CoSb3. The room temperature thermal conductivity falls in the range between 1.22 and 1.67 W m(-1) K(-1) for Co(1-x-y)Ni(x)Fe(y)Sb3. The thermal conductivity of both the (x,y) = (0.14,10) and (0.14,12) samples is measured up to 600 K and found to decrease with increasing temperature. The thermal conductivity of the (0.14,10) sample goes down to ∼1.02 W m(-1) K(-1). As a result, zT = 0.68 is attained at 600 K. The lattice thermal conductivity is analyzed to gain insight into the contribution of various scattering processes that suppress the heat transfer through the phonons in Co(1-x-y)Ni(x)Fe(y)Sb3. The effect of the simultaneous presence of Co, Ni, and Fe elements on the electronic structure and transport properties of Co(1-x-y)Ni(x)Fe(y)Sb3 is described using the quantum mechanical tunneling theory of electron transmission among the potential barriers.

High-performance n-type Yb xCo 4Sb 12: from partially filled skutterudites towards composite thermoelectrics

DOE PAGES

Wang, Shanyu; Salvador, James R.; Yang, Jiong; ...

2016-07-01

The filling fraction limit (FFL) of skutterudites, that is, the complex balance of formation enthalpies among different species, is an intricate but crucial parameter for achieving high thermoelectric performance. In this work, we synthesized a series of Yb xCo 4Sb 12 samples with x=0.2–0.6 and systemically studied the FFL of Yb, which is still debated even though this system has been extensively investigated for decades. Our combined experimental efforts of X-ray diffraction, microstructural and quantitative compositional analyses clearly reveal a Yb FFL of ~0.29 in CoSb 3, which is consistent with previous theoretical calculations. For the excess Yb in samplesmore » with x>0.35 mainly form metallic YbSb 2 precipitates, the Fermi level increases significantly and thus increases the electrical conductivity and decreasing the Seebeck coefficient. Our result is further corroborated by the numerical calculations based on the Bergman’s composite theory, which accurately reproduces the transport properties of the x>0.35 samples based on nominal Yb 0.35Co 4Sb 12 and YbSb 2 composites. A maximum ZT of 1.5 at 850 K is achieved for Yb 0.3Co 4Sb 12, which is the highest value for a single-element-filled CoSb 3. The high ZT originates from the high-power factor (in excess of 50 μW cm -K -2) and low lattice thermal conductivity (well below 1.0 W m -K -1). More importantly, the large average ZTs, for example, ~1.05 for 300–850 K and ~1.27 for 500–850 K, are comparable to the best values for n-type skutterudites. The high thermoelectric and thermomechanical performances and the relatively low air and moisture sensitivities of Yb make Yb-filled CoSb 3, a promising candidate for large-scale power generation applications.« less

Sb content dependent thermoelectric properties of the p-type ZnO:Sb films fabricated by oxidation method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Guojian; Lin, Xiao; Liu, Shiying; Jia, Baohai; Wang, Qiang

2018-05-01

It is important to fabricate stable p-type ZnO:Sb thermoelectric (TE) films for the p-n homojunction TE devices that convert waste heat directly into electricity. In this study, the ZnO:Sb films with different Sb contents were prepared by oxidizing evaporated Zn-Sb films in oxygen. The film with a high Sb content (5.32%) is easy to form Zn4Sb3 and ZnSb compound in the wurtzite ZnO. The resistivity has a sharply reduction with the Sb content from 0.228 Ω·m of 3.95% Sb to 4.68 × 10-5 Ω·m of 5.32% Sb. The lowest resistivity is lower at least one order of magnitude than the results of others with the similar Sb content. The Seebeck coefficient indicates that the 5.32% Sb film remains stable p-type conduction. The carrier concentration is about 1020 cm-3 and is higher at least one order of magnitude than the other results. Raman analysis indicates that the peak of E2high related O sublattice vibrations indicates that the O sites are substituted by Sb3+ ions, which increases the carrier concentration. However, the mobility is relatively weak because the intrinsic host lattice defects activated as vibrating complexes. The power factor of the p-type ZnO:Sb of the 5.32% Sb film at 427 °C is 46.79 μW/m·K2.

Effects of antimony substitution on bismuth based superconductors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barrientos, Alfonso

1990-01-01

The effect of Sb substitution and simultaneous substitution of Pb and Sb on the superconducting transition temperatures in the BiSrCaCuO system is investigated. The 2:2:2:3 phase is of particular interest since any small increase in the transition temperature could be of great interest. More that 90 different samples were prepared based on 2:2:2:3 stoichiometry in the BiSrCaCuO system. After this preliminary attempt, four different families of samples were investigated. In the first family of samples, Bi was substituted by Sb to form Bi(1.9)Sb(0.1)Sr2Ca2Cu3O(y). The second group of samples were prepared by simultaneous addition of Pb and Sb with nominal composition Bi(1.8)Pb(0.1)Sb(0.1)Sr2Ca2Cu3O(y). The third and fourth groups were prepared to determine the effect created when the Pb concentration is increased with the nominal compositions being Bi(1.7)Pb(0.1)Sr2Ca2Cu3O(y) and Bi(1.6)Sb(0.1)Sr2Ca2Cu3O(y). The results of these investigations are presented with a discussion.

Growth and characterization of AlInAsSb layers lattice-matched to GaSb

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tournet, J.; Rouillard, Y.; Tournié, E.

2017-11-01

We report on the growth by solid-source MBE of random-alloy AlxIn1-xAsySb1-y layers lattice-matched to (0 0 1)-GaSb substrates, with xAl ∈ [0.25; 0.75]. The samples quality and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Nomarski microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Layers grown at 400 °C demonstrated smooth surfaces and no sign of phase decomposition. Samples with xAl ≤ 0.60 demonstrated photoluminescence (PL) at 300 K whereas samples with higher Al content only demonstrated PL at low temperature. Samples grown at 430 °C, in contrast, exhibited PL at low temperature only, whatever their composition. Inferred bandgap energies corroborate the estimation of a non-null quaternary bowing parameter made by Donati, Kaspi and Malloy in Journal of Applied Physics 94 (2003) 5814. Upon annealing, the PL peak energies increased, getting even closer to the theoretical values. These results are in agreement with recently published results on digital AlInAsSb alloys. Our work, which reports the first evidence for PL emission from random-alloy AlInAsSb layers lattice-matched to GaSb, opens the way to their use in optoelectronic devices.

Sequential solvent extraction for forms of antimony in five selected coals

USGS Publications Warehouse

Qi, C.; Liu, Gaisheng; Kong, Y.; Chou, C.-L.; Wang, R.

2008-01-01

Abundance of antimony in bulk samples has been determined in five selected coals, three coals from Huaibei Coalfield, Anhui, China, and two from the Illinois Basin in the United States. The Sb abundance in these samples is in the range of 0.11-0.43 ??g/g. The forms of Sb in coals were studied by sequential solvent extraction. The six forms of Sb are water soluble, ion changeable, organic matter bound, carbonate bound, silicate bound, and sulfide bound. Results of sequential extraction show that silicate-bound Sb is the most abundant form in these coals. Silicate- plus sulfide-bound Sb accounts for more than half of the total Sb in all coals. Bituminous coals are higher in organic matterbound Sb than anthracite and natural coke, indicating that the Sb in the organic matter may be incorporated into silicate and sulfide minerals during metamorphism. ?? 2008 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.

Switching From Reference Adalimumab to SB5 (Adalimumab Biosimilar) in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Fifty-Two-Week Phase III Randomized Study Results.

PubMed

Weinblatt, Michael E; Baranauskaite, Asta; Dokoupilova, Eva; Zielinska, Agnieszka; Jaworski, Janusz; Racewicz, Artur; Pileckyte, Margarita; Jedrychowicz-Rosiak, Krystyna; Baek, Inyoung; Ghil, Jeehoon

2018-06-01

The 24-week equivalent efficacy and comparable safety results of the biosimilar SB5 and reference adalimumab (ADA) from the phase III randomized study in patients with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been reported previously. We undertook this transition study to evaluate patients who switched from ADA to SB5 or who continued to receive SB5 or ADA up to 52 weeks. In this phase III study, patients were initially randomized 1:1 to receive SB5 or ADA (40 mg subcutaneously every other week). At 24 weeks, patients receiving ADA were rerandomized 1:1 to continue with ADA (ADA/ADA group) or to switch to SB5 (ADA/SB5 group) up to week 52; patients receiving SB5 continued with SB5 for 52 weeks (SB5 group). Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity were evaluated up to 52 weeks. The full analysis set population consisted of 542 patients (269 in the SB5 group, 273 in the ADA overall group [patients who were randomized to receive ADA at week 0], 125 in the ADA/SB5 group, and 129 in the ADA/ADA group). The percentages of patients meeting the American College of Rheumatology 20%, 50%, or 70% improvement criteria (achieving an ACR20, ACR50, or ACR70 response) at week 24 were maintained after the transition from ADA to SB5, and these response rates were comparable across treatment groups throughout the study. ACR20 response rates ranged from 73.4% to 78.8% at week 52. Radiographic progression was minimal and comparable across treatment groups. The safety profile and the incidence of antidrug antibodies were comparable across treatment groups after transition. SB5 was well tolerated over 1 year in patients with RA, with efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity comparable to those of ADA. Switching from ADA to SB5 had no treatment-emergent issues such as increased adverse events, increased immunogenicity, or loss of efficacy. © 2018 The Authors. Arthritis & Rheumatology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American College of Rheumatology.

Advanced zinc-doped adhesives for high performance at the resin-carious dentin interface.

PubMed

Toledano, Manuel; Osorio, Raquel; Osorio, Estrella; García-Godoy, Franklin; Toledano-Osorio, Manuel; Aguilera, Fátima S

2016-09-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the remineralization ability of an etch-and-rinse Zn-doped resin applied on caries-affected dentin (CAD). CAD surfaces were subjected to: (i) 37% phosphoric acid (PA) or (ii) 0.5M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). 10wt% ZnO nanoparticles or 2wt% ZnCl2 were added into the adhesive Single Bond (SB), to create the following groups: PA+SB, PA+SB-ZnO, PA+SB-ZnCl2, EDTA+SB, EDTA+SB-ZnO, EDTA+SB-ZnCl2. Bonded interfaces were submitted to mechanical loading or stored during 24h. Remineralization of the bonded interfaces was studied by AFM nano-indentation (hardness and Young׳s modulus), Raman spectroscopy [mapping with principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)] and Masson׳s trichrome staining technique. Dentin samples treated with PA+SB-ZnO attained the highest values of nano-mechanical properties. Load cycling increased both mineralization and crystallographic maturity at the interface; this effect was specially noticed when using ZnCl2-doped resin in EDTA-treated carious dentin. Crosslinking attained higher frequencies indicating better conformation and organization of collagen in specimens treated with PA+SB-ZnO, after load cycling. Trichrome staining technique depicted a deeper demineralized dentin fringe that became reduced after loading, and it was not observable in EDTA+SB groups. Multivariate analysis confirmed de homogenizing effect of load cycling in the percentage of variances, traces of centroids and distribution of clusters, especially in specimens treated with EDTA+SB-ZnCl2. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Electrical and mechanical properties of Sn-5wt.%Sb alloy with annealing temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Said Gouda, El; Ahmed, E. M.; Saad Allah, F. A.

2009-01-01

A binary Sn-5wt.%Sb solder alloy was chosen as a potential alternative to Sn-Pb solder alloy to be subjected to many studies. It was casted from the liquid state, cold drawn into wires of 1 mm diameters. The study includes the structure, electrical resistivity, tensile strength, hardness and indentation creep behavior using XRD, four probes electrical circuit, conventional tensile testing machine, Vickers microhardness tester, respectively. These properties were carried out for the cold worked alloy and after annealing at 393 and 473 K for 60 min. It was found that annealed samples exhibit more precipitations of the intermetallic compounds SnSb, higher lattice parameters and higher crystallite size, while have lower lattice-strain induced due to the cold working process. These structural changes greatly affect the electrical resistivity and mechanical properties of this alloy.

Antimony exposure and speciation in human biomarkers near an active mining area in Hunan, China.

PubMed

Ye, Li; Qiu, Shixin; Li, Xinhai; Jiang, Yuxuan; Jing, Chuanyong

2018-05-28

Antimony (Sb) exposure threatens human health. To identify human biomarkers for Sb exposure, we analyzed 480 environmental samples from an active Sb mining area in Hunan, China. Elevated Sb concentrations exceeding the reference level were detected in drinking water (70% of n = 83 total samples), foods (80%, n = 188), urine (95%, n = 63), saliva (44%, n = 48), hair (80%, n = 51) and nails (83%, n = 47). Drinking water contributed 85%-100% of the average daily dose (ADD) of Sb, and the total ADD (11.7 μg/kg bodyweight/day) was up to thirty times higher than the oral reference dose (0.4 μg/kg bodyweight/day) as recommended by USEPA. A positive correlation was found between ADD and Sb content in hair (p = 0.02), but not in urine (p = 0.051), saliva (p = 0.52) or nails (p = 0.85), suggesting that hair is the best non-invasive biomarker. Micro X-ray fluorescence analysis indicated that Sb is distributed in discrete spots in hair and nails, and Sb distribution is correlated with other metals. Methylated Sb species were predominant in urine (46%-100%) and saliva (74%-100%) in collected samples, implying that the human metabolic system adopts methylation as an effective pathway to detoxify and excrete Sb. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Pharmacokinetics of experimental pentavalent antimony after intramuscular administration in adult volunteers.

PubMed

Vásquez, Laura; Scorza Dagert, José V; Scorza, José V; Vicuña-Fernández, Nelson; de Peña, Yaneira Petit; López, Sabrina; Bendezú, Herminia; Rojas, Elina; Vásquez, Libia; Pérez, Belén

2006-05-01

Pentavalent antimony (SbV) has demonstrated therapeuticeffectiveness against clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis, an infection caused by Leishmania, a genus of flagellate protozoa comprising parasites of worldwide distribution. Approximately 1.8 million new cases are reported annually. The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of the investigational generic SbV, Ulamina (pentachloride of antimony + N-methylglucamine), in healthy adult volunteers. In this study, SbV was administered IM as a single 5-mg/kg dose.Blood samples were collected at 0.25, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after administration; urine samples were collected at 6-hour intervals during the 24-hour postadministration period. Determination of trivalent antimony, SbV, and total antimony concentrations in blood and urine samples was carried out using atomic absorption spectrometry. Clinical history was reviewed and the subjects were monitored before and after administration of SbV using physical examination, weight, and hepatic- and renal-function studies. The pharmacokinetic parameters calculated were Cmax, Tmax, absorption constant (Ka), elimination constant (Kel), AUC2-24h, AUC0-∞, elimination phase (t½β), volume of distribution (Vd), and urinary excretion rate. Five subjects (3 men, 2 women; mean age, 28 years [range, 18-34 years]) were included in the study. One hour after drug administration the following values were obtained: Cmax, 1.1 μg/mL; Tmax, 1.3 hours; Ka, 1.87 hours; Kel, 0.043 hours; AUC0-24h, 12.26 μg/mL · h; AUC0-∞, 19.84 μg/mL · h; t½β, 17.45 hours; Vd, 6.6 L/kg; and urinary excretion rate, 2.8 μg/h; these were mean values for the entire study group. The single dose was well tolerated by all subjects. The investigational generic SbV, Ulamina, was associated with linearelimination after IM administration of a single 5-mg/kg dose. A 2-compartment pharmacokinetic model was observed in these volunteers; the mean t½β, was 17.45 hours and the mean Vd was 6.6 L/kg.

Pressure dependence of resistivity and magnetic properties in a Mn1.9Cr0.1Sb alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Repaka, D. V. Maheswar; Sharma, Vinay; Chanda, Amit; Mahendiran, R.; Ramanujan, R. V.

2017-12-01

We report magnetic-field and hydrostatic pressure dependent electrical resistivity and magnetic properties of a Mn1.9Cr0.1Sb alloy. Upon cooling, the magnetization of Mn1.9Cr0.1Sb exhibits a first-order ferrimagnetic to antiferromagnetic transition at the exchange inversion temperature, TS = 261 K under a 0.1 T magnetic field. Our experimental results show that TS decreases with increasing magnetic field but increase with increasing hydrostatic pressure. The pressure induced transition is accompanied by a large positive baro-resistance of 30.5% for a hydrostatic pressure change of 0.69 GPa. These results show that the lattice parameters as well as the bond distance between Mn-Mn atoms play a crucial role in the magnetic and electronic transport properties of Mn1.9Cr0.1Sb. This sample also exhibits a large inverse magnetocaloric effect with a magnetic entropy change of ΔSm = +6.75 J/kg.K and negative magnetoresistance (44.5%) for a field change of 5 T at TS in ambient pressure which may be useful for magnetic cooling and spintronics applications.

Patients With Spina Bifida and Their Caregivers' Feelings About Intermittent Bladder Catheterization in Brazil and Germany: A Correlational Study.

PubMed

Faleiros, Fabiana; Cordeiro, Adriana; Favoretto, Naira; Käppler, Christoph; Murray, Christine; Tate, Denise

A major complication for individuals with spina bifida (SB) is managing their neurogenic bladder. For many, this process evokes negative feelings associated with guilt, dependence, and lack of self-worth. The aim of the study was to compare feelings that hinder the performing of intermittent bladder catheterization reported by individuals with SB and their families in two countries of different sociocultural characteristics: Brazil and Germany. Quantitative and comparative study with convenience sampling. The sample comprised 200 SB patients and their caregivers, 100 from Brazil and 100 from Germany. When asked about the existence of negative feelings or ideas that may hinder the performance of key person responsible for IC, 155 (77.5%) participants did not report such feelings. On the other hand, 45 (22.5%) reported emotional difficulties; among these participants, 31 (69%) were Brazilians and 14 (31%) were Germans. Although emotional factors are important to the adjustment of using IC methods for bladder management, the majority of people with SB and their caregivers seem to report no major emotional difficulties with this process. Yet a considerable group of participants did report such emotional difficulties associated with fear and shame. Knowing more about the factors associated with such negative feelings can facilitate interactions, provide mutual aid, and assist with resolution of practical concerns related to intermittent bladder catheterization.

Estimation of Phonon and Carrier Thermal Conductivities for Bulk Thermoelectric Materials Using Transport Properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Otsuka, Mioko; Homma, Ryoei; Hasegawa, Yasuhiro

2017-05-01

The phonon and carrier thermal conductivities of thermoelectric materials were calculated using the Wiedemann-Franz law, Boltzmann equation, and a method we propose in this study called the Debye specific heat method. We prepared polycrystalline n-type doped bismuth telluride (BiTe) and bismuth antimony (BiSb) bulk alloy samples and measured six parameters (Seebeck coefficient, resistivity, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, magneto-resistivity, and Hall coefficient). The carrier density and mobility were estimated for calculating the carrier thermal conductivity by using the Boltzmann equation. In the Debye specific heat method, the phonon thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity were calculated from the temperature dependence of the effective specific heat by using not only the measured thermal conductivity and Debye model, but also the measured thermal diffusivity. The carrier thermal conductivity was also evaluated from the phonon thermal conductivity by using the specific heat. The ratio of carrier thermal conductivity to thermal conductivity was evaluated for the BiTe and BiSb samples, and the values obtained using the Debye specific heat method at 300 K were 52% for BiTe and <5.5% for BiSb. These values are either considerably larger or smaller than those obtained using other methods. The Dulong-Petit law was applied to validate the Debye specific heat method at 300 K, which is significantly greater than the Debye temperature of the BiTe and BiSb samples, and it was confirmed that the phonon specific heat at 300 K has been accurately reproduced using our proposed method.

Lithography hotspot discovery at 70nm DRAM 300mm fab: process window qualification using design base binning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Daniel; Chen, Damian; Yen, Ray; Cheng, Mingjen; Lan, Andy; Ghaskadvi, Rajesh

2008-11-01

Identifying hotspots--structures that limit the lithography process window--become increasingly important as the industry relies heavily on RET to print sub-wavelength designs. KLA-Tencor's patented Process Window Qualification (PWQ) methodology has been used for this purpose in various fabs. PWQ methodology has three key advantages (a) PWQ Layout--to obtain the best sensitivity (b) Design Based Binning--for pattern repeater analysis (c) Intelligent sampling--for the best DOI sampling rate. This paper evaluates two different analysis strategies for SEM review sampling successfully deployed at Inotera Memories, Inc. We propose a new approach combining the location repeater and pattern repeaters. Based on a recent case study the new sampling flow reduces the data analysis and sampling time from 6 hours to 1.5 hour maintaining maximum DOI sample rate.

Sucrose Transporter Localization and Function in Phloem Unloading in Developing Stems.

PubMed

Milne, Ricky J; Perroux, Jai M; Rae, Anne L; Reinders, Anke; Ward, John M; Offler, Christina E; Patrick, John W; Grof, Christopher P L

2017-02-01

How sucrose transporters (SUTs) regulate phloem unloading in monocot stems is poorly understood and particularly so for species storing high Suc concentrations. To this end, Sorghum bicolor SUTs SbSUT1 and SbSUT5 were characterized by determining their transport properties heterologously expressed in yeast or Xenopus laevis oocytes, and their in planta cellular and subcellular localization. The plasma membrane-localized SbSUT1 and SbSUT5 exhibited a strong selectivity for Suc and high Suc affinities in X. laevis oocytes at pH 5-SbSUT1, 6.3 ± 0.7 mm, and SbSUT5, 2.4 ± 0.5 mm Suc. The Suc affinity of SbSUT1 was dependent on membrane potential and pH. In contrast, SbSUT5 Suc affinity was independent of membrane potential and pH but supported high transport rates at neutral pH. Suc transport by the tonoplast localized SbSUT4 could not be detected using yeast or X. laevis oocytes. Across internode development, SUTs, other than SbSUT4, were immunolocalized to sieve elements, while for elongating and recently elongated internodes, SUTs also were detected in storage parenchyma cells. We conclude that apoplasmic Suc unloading from de-energized protophloem sieve elements in meristematic zones may be mediated by reversal of SbSUT1 and/or by uniporting SWEETs. Storage parenchyma localized SbSUT1 and SbSUT5 may accumulate Suc from the stem apoplasms of elongating and recently elongated internodes, whereas SbSUT4 may function to release Suc from vacuoles. Transiting from an apoplasmic to symplasmic unloading pathway as the stem matures, SbSUT1 and SbSUT5 increasingly function in Suc retrieval into metaphloem sieve elements to maintain a high turgor to drive symplasmic unloading by bulk flow. © 2017 American Society of Plant Biologists. All Rights Reserved.

Multiscale microstructures and improved thermoelectric performance of Mg2(Si0.4Sn0.6)Sbx solid solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xin; Liu, Hongliang; Li, Songhao; Zhang, Feipeng; Lu, Qingmei; Li, Jingfeng

2014-03-01

A series of Sb-doped Mg2(Si0.4Sn0.6)Sbx (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.025) solid solutions were prepared by an induction melting, Melt Spinning (MS) and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method, namely the non-equilibrium technique MS-SPS, using bulks of Magnesium, Silicon, Tin, and Antimony as raw materials. The non-equilibrium technique generates the unique multiscale microstructures of samples containing micronscale grains and nanoscale precipitates, the multiscale microstructures remarkably make the lattice thermal conductivities decreased, particularly for samples with the nanoscale precipitates having the size of 10-20 nm. Meanwhile, Sb-doping greatly increased the electrical performance of samples. Consequently, the Sb-doping combined with the multiscale microstructures strategy remarkably improves the overall thermoelectric (TE) performance of Sb doped samples, and a high dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) value of up to 1.25 at 723 K is obtained with Mg2(Si0.4Sn0.6)Sb0.02 sample in a relatively wide temperature range.

Thermoelectric properties of the Ca(5)Al(2-x)In(x)Sb(6) solid solution.

PubMed

Zevalkink, Alex; Swallow, Jessica; Ohno, Saneyuki; Aydemir, Umut; Bux, Sabah; Snyder, G Jeffrey

2014-11-14

Zintl phases are attractive for thermoelectric applications due to their complex structures and bonding environments. The Zintl compounds Ca(5)Al(2)In(x)Sb(6)and Ca(5)Al(2)In(x)Sb(6) have both been shown to have promising thermoelectric properties, with zT values of 0.6 and 0.7, respectively, when doped to control the carrier concentration. Alloying can often be used to further improve thermoelectric materials in cases when the decrease in lattice thermal conductivity outweighs reductions to the electronic mobility. Here we present the high temperature thermoelectric properties of the Ca(5)Al(2-x)In(x)Sb(6)solid solution. Undoped and optimally Zn-doped samples were investigated. X-ray diffraction confirms that a full solid solution exists between the Al and In end-members. We find that the Al : In ratio does not greatly influence the carrier concentration or Seebeck effect. The primary effect of alloying is thus increased scattering of both charge carriers and phonons, leading to significantly reduced electronic mobility and lattice thermal conductivity at room temperature. Ultimately, the figure of merit is unaffected by alloying in this system, due to the competing effects of reduced mobility and lattice thermal conductivity.

Determination of As, Sb, Bi and Hg in water samples by flow-injection inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with an in-situ nebulizer/hydride generator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Chih-Shyue; Jiang, Shiuh-Jen

1996-12-01

A simple and very inexpensive in-situ nebulizer/hydride generator was used with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the determination of As, Sb, Bi and Hg in water samples. The application of hydride generation ICP-MS alleviated the sensitivity problem of As, Sb, Bi and Hg determinations encountered when the conventional pneumatic nebulizer was used for sample introduction. The sample was introduced by flow injection to minimize the deposition of solids on the sampling orifice. The elements in the sample were reduced to the lower oxidation states with L-cysteine before being injected into the hydride generation system. This method has a detection limit of 0.003, 0.003, 0.017 and 0.17 ng ml -1 for As, Bi, Sb and Hg, respectively. This method was applied to determine As, Sb, Bi and Hg in a CASS-3 nearshore seawater reference sample, a SLRS-2 riverine water reference sample and a tap water collected from National Sun Yat-Sen University. The concentrations of the elements were determined by standard addition method. The precision was better than 20% for most of the determinations.

Does laser diode irradiation improve the degree of conversion of simplified dentin bonding systems?

PubMed

Brianezzi, Leticia Ferreira de Freitas; Maenosono, Rafael Massunari; Bim, Odair; Zabeu, Giovanna Speranza; Palma-Dibb, Regina Guenka; Ishikiriama, Sérgio Kiyoshi

2017-01-01

This study aimed to investigate the effect of laser diode irradiation on the degree of conversion (DC), water sorption (WS), and water solubility (WSB) of these bonding systems in an attempt to improve their physico-mechanical resistance. Two bonding agents were tested: a two-step total-etch system [Adper™ Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE (SB)] and a universal system [Adper™ Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE (SU)]. Square-shaped specimens were prepared and assigned into 4 groups (n=5): SB and SU (control groups - no laser irradiation) and SB-L and SU-L [SB and SU laser (L) - irradiated groups]. DC was assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance. Additional uncured resin samples (≈3.0 µL, n=5) of each adhesive were also scanned for final DC calculation. For WS/WSB tests, similar specimens (n=10) were prepared and measured by monitoring the mass changes after dehydration/water storage cycles. For both tests, adhesive fluids were dropped into standardized Teflon molds (6.0×6.0×1.0 mm), irradiated with a 970-nm laser diode, and then polymerized with an LED-curing unit (1 W/cm2). Laser irradiation immediately before photopolymerization increased the DC (%) of the tested adhesives: SB-L>SB>SU-L>SU. For WS/WSB (μg/mm3), only the dentin bonding system (DBS) was a significant factor (p<0.05): SB>SU. Irradiation with a laser diode improved the degree of conversion of all tested simplified dentin bonding systems, with no impact on water sorption and solubility.

Structural, electronic, and thermal properties of indium-filled InxIr4Sb12 skutterudites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wallace, M. K.; Li, Jun; Subramanian, M. A.

2018-06-01

The "phonon-glass/electron-crystal" approach has been implemented through incorporation of "rattlers" into skutterudite void sites to increase phonon scattering and thus increase the thermoelectric efficiency. Indium filled IrSb3 skutterudites are reported for the first time. Polycrystalline samples of InxIr4Sb12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) were prepared by solid-state reaction under a gas mixture of 5% H2 and 95% Ar. The solubility limit of InxIr4Sb12 was found to be close to 0.18. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction refinements reveal all InxIr4Sb12 phases crystallized in body-centered cubic structure (space group : Im 3 bar) with ∼8% antimony site vacancy and with indium partially occupying the 16f site. Unlike known rattler filled skutterudites, under synthetic conditions employed, indium filling in IrSb3 significantly increases the electrical resistivity and decreases the Seebeck coefficient (n-type) while reducing the thermal conductivity by ∼30%. The resultant power factor offsets the decrease in total thermal conductivity giving rise to a substantial decrease in ZT. Principal thermoelectric properties of InxM4Sb12 (M = Co, Rh, Ir) phases are compared. As iridium is a 5d transition metal, zero field cooled (ZFC) magnetization were performed to unravel the effect of spin-orbit interaction on the electronic properties. These results serve to advance the understanding of filled skutterudites, and provide additional insight on the less explored smaller "rattlers" and their influence on key thermoelectric properties.

Effect of growth temperature on closely lattice-matched GaAsSbN intrinsic layer for GaAs-based 1.3 {mu}m p-i-n photodetector

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wicaksono, S.; Yoon, S.F.; Loke, W.K.

2006-05-15

GaAsSbN layers closely lattice-matched to GaAs were studied for application as the intrinsic layer in GaAs-based 1.3 {mu}m p-i-n photodetector. The GaAsSbN was grown as the intrinsic layer for the GaAs/GaAsSbN/GaAs photodetector structure using solid-source molecular beam epitaxy in conjunction with a radio frequency plasma-assisted nitrogen source and valved antimony cracker source. The lattice mismatch of the GaAsSbN layer to GaAs was kept below 4000 ppm, which is sufficient to maintain coherent growth of {approx}0.45 {mu}m thick GaAsSbN on the GaAs substrate. The growth temperature of the GaAsSbN layer was varied from 420-480 deg. C. All samples exhibit room temperaturemore » photocurrent response in the 1.3 {mu}m wavelength region, with dark current density of {approx}0.3-0.5 mA/cm{sup 2} and responsivity of up to 33 mA/W at 2 V reverse bias. Reciprocal space maps reveal traces of point defects and segregation (clustering) of N and Sb, which may have a detrimental effect on the photocurrent responsivity.« less

121Sb and 35Cl NQR in RCN · SbCl5 Complexes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Semin, G. K.; Kuznetsov, S. I.; Raevsky, A. M.; Bryukhova, E. V.

1994-05-01

35Cl and 121Sb NQR spectra of RCN · SbCl5 complexes with R = Et, n-Pr, i-Pr, n-Bu, n-C5H11 , Cl(CH2)2, C6H4CH2, Ph, Cl, Me, CCl3 were measured and /or refined at 77 K. Redistribution of the "transferred charge" in the SbCl5 fragment of the complexes under study was investigated. The existence of a specific region of dispersion of the electron-nuclear motions (DENM) in RCN · SbCl5 complexes was established.

The Influence of Growth Temperature on Sb Incorporation in InAsSb, and the Temperature-dependent Impact of Bi Surfactants

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

resolution X - ray diffraction (XRD) were collected for all samples, and reciprocal space maps (RSMs) were collected from selected samples. The complete data...exposure. The lines represent the model fit. 19 13 Figure 1. Triple axis x - ray diffraction from the bi-layered InAsSb structures grown on GaSb at...Applied Physics, Structural properties of bismuth‐bearing semiconductor alloys, 63 (1988) 107. 18 12 Figure Captions Figure 1. Triple axis x - ray

Alu Sb2 subfamily is present in all higher primates but was most succesfully amplified in humans

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Richer, C.; Zietkiewicz, E.; Labuda, D.

Alu repeats can be classified into subfamilies which amplified in primate genomes at different evolutionary time periods. A young Alu subfamily, Sb2, with a characteristic 7-nucleotide duplication at position 256, has been described in seven human loci. An Sb2 insertion found near the HD gene was unique to two HD families, indicating that Sb2 was still retropositionally active. Here, we have shown that the Sb2 insertion in the CHOL locus was similarly rare, being absent in 120 individuals of Caucasian, Oriental and Black origin. In contrast, Sb2 inserts in five other loci were found fixed (non-polymorphic), based on measurements inmore » the same population sample, but absent from orthologous positions in higher apes. This suggest that Sb2 repeats spread relatively early in the human lineage following divergence from other primates and that these elements may be human-specific. By quantitative PCR, we investigated the presence of Sb2 sequences in different primate DNA, using one PCR primer anchored at the 5{prime} Alu-end and the other complementary to the duplicated Sb2-specific segment. With an Sb2-containing plasmid as a standard, we estimated the number of Sb2 repeats at 1500-1800 copies per human haploid equivalent; corresponding numbers in chimpanzee and gorilla were almost two orders of magnitude lower, while the signal observed in orangutan and gibbon DNAs was consistent with the presence of a single copy. The analysis of 22 human, 11 chimpanzee and 10 gorilla sequences indicates that the Alu Sb2 dispersed independently in these three primate lineages; gorilla consensus differs from the human Sb2 sequence by one position, while all chimpanzee repeats have their linker expanded by up to eight A-residues. Should they be thus considered as separate subfamilies? It is possible that sequence modifications with respect to the human consensus are responsible for poor retroposition of Sb2 in apes.« less

Simulation and optimization performance of GaAs/GaAs0.5Sb0.5/GaSb mechanically stacked tandem solar cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tayubi, Y. R.; Suhandi, A.; Samsudin, A.; Arifin, P.; Supriyatman

2018-05-01

Different approaches have been made in order to reach higher solar cells efficiencies. Concepts for multilayer solar cells have been developed. This can be realised if multiple individual single junction solar cells with different suitably chosen band gaps are connected in series in multi-junction solar cells. In our work, we have simulated and optimized solar cells based on the system mechanically stacked using computer simulation and predict their maximum performance. The structures of solar cells are based on the single junction GaAs, GaAs0.5Sb0.5 and GaSb cells. We have simulated each cell individually and extracted their optimal parameters (layer thickness, carrier concentration, the recombination velocity, etc), also, we calculated the efficiency of each cells optimized by separation of the solar spectrum in bands where the cell is sensible for the absorption. The optimal values of conversion efficiency have obtained for the three individual solar cells and the GaAs/GaAs0.5Sb0.5/GaSb tandem solar cells, that are: η = 19,76% for GaAs solar cell, η = 8,42% for GaAs0,5Sb0,5 solar cell, η = 4, 84% for GaSb solar cell and η = 33,02% for GaAs/GaAs0.5Sb0.5/GaSb tandem solar cell.

Combination of Carrier Concentration Regulation and High Band Degeneracy for Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of Cu3SbSe4.

PubMed

Zhang, Dan; Yang, Junyou; Jiang, Qinghui; Zhou, Zhiwei; Li, Xin; Xin, Jiwu; Basit, Abdul; Ren, Yangyang; He, Xu; Chu, Weijing; Hou, Jingdi

2017-08-30

The effect of Al-, Ga-, and In-doping on the thermoelectric (TE) properties of Cu 3 SbSe 4 has been comparatively studied on the basis of theoretical prediction and experimental validation. It is found that tiny Al/Ga/In substitution leads to a great enhancement of electrical conductivity with high carrier concentration and also large Seebeck coefficient due to the preserved high band degeneracy and thereby a remarkably high power factor. Ultimately, coupled with the depressed lattice thermal conductivity, all three elements (Al/Ga/In) substituted samples have obtained a highly improved thermoelectric performance with respect to undoped Cu 3 SbSe 4 . Compared to the samples at the same Al/In doping level, the slightly Ga-doped sample presents better TE performance over the wide temperature range, and the Cu 3 Sb 0.995 Ga 0.005 Se 4 sample presents a record high ZT value of 0.9 among single-doped Cu 3 SbSe 4 at 623 K, which is about 80% higher than that of pristine Cu 3 SbSe 4 . This work offers an alternative approach to boost the TE properties of Cu 3 SbSe 4 by selecting efficient dopant to weaken the coupling between electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient.

Growth and structure of In{sub 0.5}Ga{sub 0.5}Sb quantum dots on GaP(001)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sala, E. M.; Stracke, G.; Schlichting, S.

2016-09-05

Stranski-Krastanov (SK) growth of In{sub 0.5}Ga{sub 0.5}Sb quantum dots (QDs) on GaP(001) by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy is demonstrated. A thin GaAs interlayer prior to QD deposition enables QD nucleation. The impact of a short Sb-flush before supplying InGaSb is investigated. QD growth gets partially suppressed for GaAs interlayer thicknesses below 6 monolayers. QD densities vary from 5 × 10{sup 9} to 2 × 10{sup 11} cm{sup −2} depending on material deposition and Sb-flush time. When In{sub 0.5}Ga{sub 0.5}Sb growth is carried out without Sb-flush, the QD density is generally decreased, and up to 60% larger QDs are obtained.

A community study of sleep bruxism in Hong Kong children: association with comorbid sleep disorders and neurobehavioral consequences.

PubMed

Lam, M H B; Zhang, Jihui; Li, A M; Wing, Y K

2011-08-01

The prevalence of childhood sleep bruxism (SB) varied from 5% to 46% among various studies. In addition to local facial and dental adverse consequences, accumulating evidence suggests that childhood SB could be associated with comorbid sleep and systemic neurobehavioral disturbances. This study attempted to investigate the prevalence and clinical correlates of SB in a large community sample. This study was part of an ongoing epidemiologic study about sleep problems among Hong Kong Chinese children. A total of 9172 questionnaires were distributed to children of grades 1-6 from 13 randomly selected primary schools. Parents of the children were asked to complete and return the Hong Kong children sleep questionnaire, which aimed to explore the sleep problems and patterns of their children. Six thousand three hundred and eighty-nine questionnaires with valid answers to SB were received and the response rate was 69.7%. The mean age of the recruited children was 9.2±1.8years (50.6%, boys). The prevalence of SB with teeth grinding frequency more than thrice weekly over the past year was 5.9%. SB was more prevalent among boys with decreasing prevalence across age. SB was associated with chronic medical diseases, sleep-related breathing problem, upper respiratory infection, and other parasomnia features, especially sleep talking (OR (95%CI)=4.07 (2.33-7.11)). Children with SB were more likely noticed by their parents to be hyperactive (OR (95%CI)=1.61 (1.25-2.07)) and bad-tempered (OR (95%CI)=1.69 (1.35-2.12)) and had deterioration in their academic performance (OR (95%CI)=1.22(1.03-1.43)). Almost 6% of Hong Kong primary schoolchildren suffered from frequent SB. The condition was most prevalent among young boys. SB was found to be associated with a variety of medical conditions, neuropsychiatric sequelae, and comorbid sleep conditions, especially sleep talking and sleep related breathing problems. Further prospective studies will need to clarify the longitudinal course of childhood SB and its response to treatment. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Biogeochemical features of maple and dandelion in Eastern Administrative District of Moscow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vlasov, Dmitry

2014-05-01

Today more than half of world population and 73% of population in Russia live in cities. Moscow is the only one megacity in Russia with the population more than 11 million. The main source of technogenic impact in Moscow is transport. Plants can be used as indicators of urban environment heavy metals and metalloids (HM) pollution. Large scale biogeochemical research was done in Eastern Administrative District of Moscow. Apart from transport there are many industrial sources of pollution: metalworking, mechanical engineering, chemical, energetic and incinerator. This study focuses on detection of HM composition of woody plant leaves (maple - Acer platanoides) and herbaceous species leaves (dandelion - Taraxacum officinale). Plant material was collected on a regular greed with a step of 500-700 m. Background plants were sampled at 40 km west away from the city. Determination of Fe, Mn, Mo, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, As, Sb in plants was done using atomic absorption spectrometry after washing, drying and digestion with HNO3+H2O2. It was revealed that dandelion accumulates (index - concentration factors CF relatively background) Mo13Fe6Pb5Cd4.5As4Sb3, while maple Sb13As5.5Fe3Mo2Pb,Zn1.5. Geochemical specialization of plants in functional zones (industrial, transport, recreational, agricultural, residential areas with high-, middle- and low-rise buildings) was identified. The highest CF were determined for Mo in dandelion of all zones except industrial. In which the most accumulated elements are Fe and Mo, as well as Pb10As6Sb5Cu2. Arsenic is accumulated by dandelion in all zones. Copper is not concentrated by herbaceous species because of antagonism between Mo and Cu. The highest CF were determined for HM in maple of industrial zone. There trees concentrate Sb and As9Fe7Mo6Pb3Zn2. In the other zones levels of CF are lower in 2-5 times. Dandelion and maple don't accumulate Mn because of antagonism between Zn, Mo and Mn. Urban plants condition is estimated by the ratio between toxic (Cd, As, Sb, Pb) and essential (Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn) elements. For evaluation of intensity of photosynthesis and plants growth can be used Fe/Mn, Zn/Mn, Cu/Mn and Mo/Mn ratios. In dandelion and maple Fe/Mn is 6.6 and 3.3 times higher than in background vegetation, Pb/Mn - 5.5 and 2.5 times, (Cd+As+Sb+Pb)/(Cu+Fe+Mn+Mo+Zn) - 2.9 and 1.6 times respectively. In industrial, transport zones and residential area with high-rise buildings the largest increase of those ratios were discovered. Differences in geochemical specialization were shown by Sb/Mo ratio: in dandelion it is 5 times lower than in background plants, while in maple it is 4.5 times higher. The same situation was defined for As/Mo. Strong positive linear relationship between Sb deposition rates and Sb concentrations in maple was calculated (r=0.86). Furthermore moderate positive linear relationships between Cd concentrations in soils and dandelion (r=0.69), concentrations of mobile forms of Pb and Sb in soils and maple (r=0.67 and 0.66), Fe deposition rates and concentrations of this element in maple (r=0.51) were revealed.

GaSb solar cells grown on GaAs via interfacial misfit arrays for use in the III-Sb multi-junction cell

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nelson, George T.; Juang, Bor-Chau; Slocum, Michael A.; Bittner, Zachary S.; Laghumavarapu, Ramesh B.; Huffaker, Diana L.; Hubbard, Seth M.

2017-12-01

Growth of GaSb with low threading dislocation density directly on GaAs may be possible with the strategic strain relaxation of interfacial misfit arrays. This creates an opportunity for a multi-junction solar cell with access to a wide range of well-developed direct bandgap materials. Multi-junction cells with a single layer of GaSb/GaAs interfacial misfit arrays could achieve higher efficiency than state-of-the-art inverted metamorphic multi-junction cells while forgoing the need for costly compositionally graded buffer layers. To develop this technology, GaSb single junction cells were grown via molecular beam epitaxy on both GaSb and GaAs substrates to compare homoepitaxial and heteroepitaxial GaSb device results. The GaSb-on-GaSb cell had an AM1.5g efficiency of 5.5% and a 44-sun AM1.5d efficiency of 8.9%. The GaSb-on-GaAs cell was 1.0% efficient under AM1.5g and 4.5% at 44 suns. The lower performance of the heteroepitaxial cell was due to low minority carrier Shockley-Read-Hall lifetimes and bulk shunting caused by defects related to the mismatched growth. A physics-based device simulator was used to create an inverted triple-junction GaInP/GaAs/GaSb model. The model predicted that, with current GaSb-on-GaAs material quality, the not-current-matched, proof-of-concept cell would provide 0.5% absolute efficiency gain over a tandem GaInP/GaAs cell at 1 sun and 2.5% gain at 44 suns, indicating that the effectiveness of the GaSb junction was a function of concentration.

Thermoelectric properties of a Mn substituted synthetic tetrahedrite.

PubMed

Chetty, Raju; D S, Prem Kumar; Rogl, Gerda; Rogl, Peter; Bauer, Ernst; Michor, Herwig; Suwas, Satyam; Puchegger, Stephan; Giester, Gerald; Mallik, Ramesh Chandra

2015-01-21

Tetrahedrite compounds Cu(12-x)Mn(x)Sb4S13 (0 ≤x≤ 1.8) were prepared by solid state synthesis. A detailed crystal structure analysis of Cu10.6Mn1.4Sb4S13 was performed by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) at 100, 200 and 300 K confirming the noncentrosymmetric structure (space group I4[combining macron]3m) of a tetrahedrite. The large atomic displacement parameter of the Cu2 atoms was described by splitting the 12e site into a partially and randomly occupied 24g site (Cu22) in addition to the regular 12e site (Cu21), suggesting a mix of dynamic and static off-plane Cu2 atom disorder. Rietveld powder XRD pattern and electron probe microanalysis revealed that all the Mn substituted samples showed a single tetrahedrite phase. The electrical resistivity increased with increasing Mn due to substitution of Mn(2+) at the Cu(1+) site. The positive Seebeck coefficient for all samples indicates that the dominant carriers are holes. Even though the thermal conductivity decreased as a function of increasing Mn, the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT decreased, because the decrease of the power factor is stronger than the decrease of the thermal conductivity. The maximum ZT = 0.76 at 623 K is obtained for Cu12Sb4S13. The coefficient of thermal expansion 13.5 ± 0.1 × 10(-6) K(-1) is obtained in the temperature range from 460 K to 670 K for Cu10.2Mn1.8Sb4S13. The Debye temperature, Θ(D) = 244 K for Cu10.2Mn1.8Sb4S13, was estimated from an evaluation of the elastic properties. The effective paramagnetic moment 7.45 μB/f.u. for Cu10.2Mn1.8Sb4S13 is fairly consistent with a high spin 3d(5) ground state of Mn.

Co-precipitation synthesis of nanostructured Cu3SbSe4 and its Sn-doped sample with high thermoelectric performance.

PubMed

Li, Di; Li, Rui; Qin, Xiao-Ying; Song, Chun-Jun; Xin, Hong-Xing; Wang, Ling; Zhang, Jian; Guo, Guang-lei; Zou, Tian-Hua; Liu, Yong-Fei; Zhu, Xiao-Guang

2014-01-28

Large-scale fabrication of nanostructured Cu3SbSe4 and its Sn-doped sample Cu3Sb0.98Sn0.02Se4 through a low-temperature co-precipitation route is reported. The effects of hot-pressing temperatures, time and Sn doping on the thermoelectric properties of Cu3SbSe4 are explored. The maximum figure of merit ZTmax obtained here reaches 0.62 for the un-doped Cu3SbSe4, which is three times as large as that of Cu3SbSe4 synthesized by the fusion method. Due to the ameliorated power factor by optimized carrier concentration and the reduced lattice thermal conductivity by enhanced phonon scattering at grain interfaces, Sn doping leads to an improvement of thermoelectric performance as compared to Cu3SbSe4. The maximum ZT for Cu3Sb0.98Sn0.02Se4 is 1.05 in this work, which is 50% larger than the largest value reported.

Effects of antimony (Sb) on electron trapping near SiO{sub 2}/4H-SiC interfaces

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mooney, P. M.; Jiang, Zenan; Basile, A. F.

To investigate the mechanism by which Sb at the SiO{sub 2}/SiC interface improves the channel mobility of 4H-SiC MOSFETs, 1 MHz capacitance measurements and constant capacitance deep level transient spectroscopy (CCDLTS) measurements were performed on Sb-implanted 4H-SiC MOS capacitors. The measurements reveal a significant concentration of Sb donors near the SiO{sub 2}/SiC interface. Two Sb donor related CCDLTS peaks corresponding to shallow energy levels in SiC were observed close to the SiO{sub 2}/SiC interface. Furthermore, CCDLTS measurements show that the same type of near-interface traps found in conventional dry oxide or NO-annealed capacitors are present in the Sb implanted samples. Thesemore » are O1 traps, suggested to be carbon dimers substituted for O dimers in SiO{sub 2}, and O2 traps, suggested to be interstitial Si in SiO{sub 2}. However, electron trapping is reduced by a factor of ∼2 in Sb-implanted samples compared with samples with no Sb, primarily at energy levels within 0.2 eV of the SiC conduction band edge. This trap passivation effect is relatively small compared with the Sb-induced counter-doping effect on the MOSFET channel surface, which results in improved channel transport.« less

The glass transition, crystallization and melting in Au-Pb-Sb alloys

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, M. C.; Allen, J. L.; Fecht, H. J.; Perepezko, J. H.; Ohsaka, K.

1988-01-01

The glass transition, crystallization and melting of Au(55)Pb(22.5)Sb(22.5) alloys have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry DSC. Crystallization on heating above the glass transition temperature Tg (45 C) begins at 64 C. Further crystallization events are observed at 172 C and 205 C. These events were found to correspond to the formation of the intermetallic compounds AuSb2, Au2Pb, and possibly AuPb2, respectively. Isothermal DSC scans of the glassy alloy above Tg were used to monitor the kinetics of crystallization. The solidification behavior and heat capacity in the glass-forming composition range were determined with droplet samples. An undercooling level of 0.3T(L) below the liquidus temperature T(L) was achieved, resulting in crystallization of different stable and metastable phases. The heat capacity C(P) of the undercooled liquid was measured over an undercooling range of 145 C.

Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition growth of InAs/GaSb type II superlattices with controllable AsxSb1-x interfaces

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

InAs/GaSb type II superlattices were grown on (100) GaSb substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). A plane of mixed As and Sb atoms connecting the InAs and GaSb layers was introduced to compensate the tensile strain created by the InAs layer in the SL. Characterizations of the samples by atomic force microscopy and high-resolution X-ray diffraction demonstrate flat surface morphology and good crystalline quality. The lattice mismatch of approximately 0.18% between the SL and GaSb substrate is small compared to the MOCVD-grown supperlattice samples reported to date in the literature. Considerable optical absorption in 2- to 8-μm infrared region has been realized. PACS: 78.67.Pt; 81.15.Gh; 63.22.Np; 81.05.Ea PMID:22373387

Contents and leachability of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Sb, Zn, As) in soil at the Pantex firing range, Amarillo, Texas.

PubMed

Basunia, S; Landsberger, S

2001-10-01

Pantex firing range soil samples were analyzed for Pb, Cu, Sb, Zn, and As. One hundred ninety-seven samples were collected from the firing range and vicinity area. There was a lack of knowledge about the distribution of Pb in the firing range, so a random sampling with proportional allocation was chosen. Concentration levels of Pb and Cu in the firing range were found to be in the range of 11-4675 and 13-359 mg/kg, respectively. Concentration levels of Sb were found to be in the range of 1-517 mg/kg. However, the Zn and As concentration levels were close to average soil background levels. The Sn concentration level was expected to be higher in the Pantex firing range soil samples. However, it was found to be below the neutron activation analysis (NAA) detection limit of 75 mg/kg. Enrichment factor analysis showed that Pb and Sb were highly enriched in the firing range with average magnitudes of 55 and 90, respectively. Cu was enriched approximately 6 times more than the usual soil concentration levels. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) was carried out on size-fractionated homogeneous soil samples. The concentration levels of Pb in leachates were found to be approximately 12 times higher than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulatory concentration level of 5 mg/L. Sequential extraction (SE) was also performed to characterize Pb and other trace elements into five different fractions. The highest Pb fraction was found with organic matter in the soil.

Insights on the Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structures, and Optical and Thermoelectric Properties of Sr1- xSb xHfSe3 Orthorhombic Perovskite.

PubMed

Moroz, Nicholas A; Bauer, Christopher; Williams, Logan; Olvera, Alan; Casamento, Joseph; Page, Alexander A; Bailey, Trevor P; Weiland, Ashley; Stoyko, Stanislav S; Kioupakis, Emmanouil; Uher, Ctirad; Aitken, Jennifer A; Poudeu, Pierre F P

2018-06-18

Single-phase polycrystalline powders of Sr 1- x Sb x HfSe 3 ( x = 0, 0.005, 0.01), a new member of the chalcogenide perovskites, were synthesized using a combination of high temperature solid-state reaction and mechanical alloying approaches. Structural analysis using single-crystal as well as powder X-ray diffraction revealed that the synthesized materials are isostructural with SrZrSe 3 , crystallizing in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (#62) with lattice parameters a = 8.901(2) Å; b = 3.943(1) Å; c = 14.480(3) Å; and Z = 4 for the x = 0 composition. Thermal conductivity data of SrHfSe 3 revealed low values ranging from 0.9 to 1.3 W m -1 K -1 from 300 to 700 K, which is further lowered to 0.77 W m -1 K -1 by doping with 1 mol % Sb for Sr. Electronic property measurements indicate that the compound is quite insulating with an electrical conductivity of 2.9 S/cm at 873 K, which was improved to 6.7 S/cm by 0.5 mol % Sb doping. Thermopower data revealed that SrHfSe 3 is a p-type semiconductor with thermopower values reaching a maximum of 287 μV/K at 873 K for the 1.0 mol % Sb sample. The optical band gap of Sr 1- x Sb x HfSe 3 samples, as determined by density functional theory calculations and the diffuse reflectance method, is ∼1.00 eV and increases with Sb concentration to 1.15 eV. Careful analysis of the partial densities of states (PDOS) indicates that the band gap in SrHfSe 3 is essentially determined by the Se-4p and Hf-5d orbitals with little to no contribution from Sr atoms. Typically, band edges of p- and d-character are a good indication of potentially strong absorption coefficient due to the high density of states of the localized p and d orbitals. This points to potential application of SrHfSe 3 as absorbing layer in photovoltaic devices.

The 124Sb activity standardization by gamma spectrometry for medical applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Almeida, M. C. M.; Iwahara, A.; Delgado, J. U.; Poledna, R.; da Silva, R. L.

2010-07-01

This work describes a metrological activity determination of 124Sb, which can be used as radiotracer, applying gamma spectrometry methods with hyper pure germanium detector and efficiency curves. This isotope with good activity and high radionuclidic purity is employed in the form of meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) or sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) to treat leishmaniasis. 124Sb is also applied in animal organ distribution studies to solve some questions in pharmacology. 124Sb decays by β-emission and it produces several photons (X and gamma rays) with energy varying from 27 to 2700 keV. Efficiency curves to measure point 124Sb solid sources were obtained from a 166mHo standard that is a multi-gamma reference source. These curves depend on radiation energy, sample geometry, photon attenuation, dead time and sample-detector position. Results for activity determination of 124Sb samples using efficiency curves and a high purity coaxial germanium detector were consistent in different counting geometries. Also uncertainties of about 2% ( k=2) were obtained.

Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and socioeconomic status among Finnish girls and boys aged 6-8 years.

PubMed

Lampinen, Eeva-Kaarina; Eloranta, Aino-Maija; Haapala, Eero A; Lindi, Virpi; Väistö, Juuso; Lintu, Niina; Karjalainen, Panu; Kukkonen-Harjula, Katriina; Laaksonen, David; Lakka, Timo A

2017-05-01

We studied differences in physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and the types of PA and SB between Finnish girls and boys and children from different socioeconomic backgrounds (SES). We assessed PA, SB, parental education, and household income using detailed questionnaires in a representative population sample of 486 children (238 girls, 248 boys) aged 6-8 years. Girls spent on average 1.7 h/day and boys 2.0 h/day in total PA (p = 0.002). Altogether 66% of girls and 54% of boys had less than 2 h of total PA per day (p = 0.012). Girls had lower levels of unsupervised PA (45 vs. 54 min/day, p = 0.001), supervised PA (1.5 vs. 1.9 h/week, p = 0.009), and PA during school recess (1.8 vs. 1.9 h/week, p = 0.032) than boys. Girls had higher levels of total SB (3.8 vs. 3.4 h/day, p = 0.015) but lower levels of screen-based SB (1.5 vs. 1.9 h/day, p < 0.001) than boys. Lower parental education and household income were associated with lower levels of supervised PA in girls (p = 0.011 and p = 0.008, respectively) and in boys (p = 0.006 and p = 0.003, respectively). Lower parental education and household income were also related to higher levels of screen-based SB in boys (p = 0.005 and p < 0.001, respectively) but not in girls. Girls have lower levels of total, unsupervised, and supervised PA, PA during recess, and screen-based SB but higher levels of total SB than boys. Lower parental education and household income are associated with lower levels of supervised PA in both genders and higher levels of screen-based SB in boys.

Contrasting the Role of Mg and Ba Doping on the Microstructure and Thermoelectric Properties of p-Type AgSbSe2.

PubMed

Liu, Zihang; Shuai, Jing; Geng, Huiyuan; Mao, Jun; Feng, Yan; Zhao, Xu; Meng, Xianfu; He, Ran; Cai, Wei; Sui, Jiehe

2015-10-21

Microstructure has a critical influence on the mechanical and functional properties. For thermoelectric materials, deep understanding of the relationship of microstructure and thermoelectric properties will enable the rational optimization of the ZT value and efficiency. Herein, taking AgSbSe2 as an example, we first report a different role of alkaline-earth metal ions (Mg(2+) and Ba(2+)) doping in the microstructure and thermoelectric properties of p-type AgSbSe2. For Mg doping, it monotonously increases the carrier concentration and then reduces the electrical resistivity, leading to a substantially enhanced power factor in comparison to those of other dopant elements (Bi(3+), Pb(2+), Zn(2+), Na(+), and Cd(2+)) in the AgSbSe2 system. Meanwhile, the lattice thermal conductivity is gradually suppressed by point defects scattering. In contrast, the electrical resistivity first decreases and then slightly rises with the increased Ba-doping concentrations due to the presence of BaSe3 nanoprecipitates, exhibiting a different variation tendency compared with the corresponding Mg-doped samples. More significantly, the total thermal conductivity is obviously reduced with the increased Ba-doping concentrations partially because of the strong scattering of medium and long wavelength phonons via the nanoprecipitates, consistent with the theoretical calculation and analysis. Collectively, ZT value ∼1 at 673 K and calculated leg efficiency ∼8.5% with Tc = 300 K and Th = 673 K are obtained for both AgSb0.98Mg0.02Se2 and AgSb0.98Ba0.02Se2 samples.

Centrosymmetry vs noncentrosymmetry in La{sub 2}Ga{sub 0.33}SbS{sub 5} and Ce{sub 4}GaSbS{sub 9} based on the interesting size effects of lanthanides: Syntheses, crystal structures, and optical properties

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhao, Hua-Jun, E-mail: cszzl772002@yeah.net; State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002

Two new quaternary sulfides La{sub 2}Ga{sub 0.33}SbS{sub 5} and Ce{sub 4}GaSbS{sub 9} have been prepared from stoichiometric elements at 1223 K in an evacuated silica tube. Interestingly, La{sub 2}Ga{sub 0.33}SbS{sub 5} crystallizes in the centrosymmetric structure, while Ce{sub 4}GaSbS{sub 9} crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric structure, which show obvious size effects of lanthanides on the crystal structures of these two compounds. Ce{sub 4}GaSbS{sub 9} belongs to RE{sub 4}GaSbS{sub 9} (RE=Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd–Ho) structure type with a=13.8834(9) Å, b=14.3004(11) Å, c=14.4102(13) Å, V=2861.0(4) Å{sup 3}. The structure features infinite chains of [Ga{sub 2}Sb{sub 2}S{sub 11}{sup 10–}]{sub ∞} propagating along a directionmore » separated by Ce{sup 3+} cations and S{sup 2−} anions. La{sub 2}Ga{sub 0.33}SbS{sub 5} adopts the family of La{sub 4}FeSb{sub 2}S{sub 10}-related structure with a=7.5193(6) Å, c=13.4126(17) Å, V=758.35(13) Å{sup 3}. Its structure is built up from the alternate stacking of La/Sb/S and La/Ga/S 2D building blocks. The La/Sb/S slabs consist of teeter-totter chains of Sb1S{sub 4} seesaws, which are connected via sharing the apexes of μ{sub 4}-S1. Moreover, La1 is positionally disordered with Sb1 and stabilized in a bicapped trigonal prismatic coordination sphere. Between these La/Sb/S slabs, La2S{sub 8} square antiprisms are connected via edge-sharing into 2D building blocks, creating tetrahedral sites partially occupied by the Ga1 atoms. UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy study shows that the optical gap of La{sub 2}Ga{sub 0.33}SbS{sub 5} is about 1.76 eV. - Graphical abstract: Two new quaternary sulfides La{sub 2}Ga{sub 0.33}SbS{sub 5} and Ce{sub 4}GaSbS{sub 9} have been prepared by solid-state reactions. Ce{sub 4}GaSbS{sub 9} crystallizes in RE{sub 4}GaSbS{sub 9} (RE=Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd–Ho) structure type, while La{sub 2}Ga{sub 0.33}SbS{sub 5} belongs to the family of La{sub 4}FeSb{sub 2}S{sub 10}-related structure and exhibits an optical gap of 1.76 eV. - Highlights: • Two new quaternary sulfides La{sub 2}Ga{sub 0.33}SbS{sub 5} and Ce{sub 4}GaSbS{sub 9} have been prepared by solid-state reaction. • Ce{sub 4}GaSbS{sub 9} crystallizes in RE{sub 4}GaSbS{sub 9} (RE=Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd–Ho) structure type, while La{sub 2}Ga{sub 0.33}SbS{sub 5} belongs to the family of La{sub 4}FeSb{sub 2}S{sub 10}-related structure. • The optical gap of 1.76 eV for La{sub 2}Ga{sub 0.33}SbS{sub 5} was deduced from UV/Vis reflectance spectroscopy.« less

Limiting scattering processes in high-mobility InSb quantum wells grown on GaSb buffer systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lehner, Ch. A.; Tschirky, T.; Ihn, T.; Dietsche, W.; Keller, J.; Fält, S.; Wegscheider, W.

2018-05-01

We present molecular beam epitaxial grown single- and double-side δ -doped InAlSb/InSb quantum wells with varying distances down to 50 nm to the surface on GaSb metamorphic buffers. We analyze the surface morphology as well as the impact of the crystalline quality on the electron transport. Comparing growth on GaSb and GaAs substrates indicates that the structural integrity of our InSb quantum wells is solely determined by the growth conditions at the GaSb/InAlSb transition and the InAlSb barrier growth. The two-dimensional electron gas samples show high mobilities of up to 349 000 cm2/Vs at cryogenic temperatures and 58 000 cm2/Vs at room temperature. With the calculated Dingle ratio and a transport lifetime model, ionized impurities predominantly remote from the quantum well are identified as the dominant source of scattering events. The analysis of the well-pronounced Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations reveals a high spin-orbit coupling with an effective g -factor of -38.4 in our samples. Along with the smooth surfaces and long mean free paths demonstrated, our InSb quantum wells are increasingly competitive for nanoscale implementations of Majorana mode devices.

[Eight new species of coccidia (Sporozoa, Coccidia) in fishes from the continental waters of Russia].

PubMed

Belova, L M; Krylov, M V

2001-01-01

Description of coccidian species infecting freshwater fishes is given. Localities: Neman river, Goussia peleci sp. n.--oocyst 37.5-45 x 35-42.5 microns, oocyst residuum (OR) absent, sporocysts 20-22.5 x 15-17.5 microns, Stieda body (SB) absent, sporocyst residuum (SR) present, host (h)--Pelecus cultratus; G. cultrati sp. n.--oocyst 22.5-30 microns, OR absent, sporocysts 12.5 x 15 microns, SR, SB absent, wall 2-2.5 microns, h--P. cultratus; G. arinae sp. n.--oocyst 12.5 x 17.5 microns, OR present, sporocysts 5-7.5 microns, SR, SB absent, h--P. cultratus; G. vimbae sp. n.--oocyst 15-22.5 microns, OR absent, wall 2.5 microns, sporocysts 5-7.5 microns, SR, SB absent, h--Vimba vimba vimba; G. gymnocephali sp. n.--oocyst 25 x 25 microns, OR absent, sporocysts 10 x 12.5 microns, SR, SB absent, h--Gymnocephalus cernuus; G. cernui sp. n.--oocyst 15-22.5 microns, OR present, sporocysts 5-12.5 microns, SR, SB absent, h--Gym. cernuus; G. luciopercae sp. n.--oocyst 30-35 x 30 microns, OR absent, sporocysts 12.5-15 x 10-12.5 microns, SB absent, SR present, h--Stizostedion lucioperca; Eimeria fluviatili sp. n.--oocyst 20-22.5 microns, OR present, sporocysts 7.5 x 12.5 microns, SB present, SR absent, h--Perca fluviatilis.

Impact of Nb vacancies and p-type doping of the NbCoSn-NbCoSb half-Heusler thermoelectrics.

PubMed

Ferluccio, Daniella A; Smith, Ronald I; Buckman, Jim; Bos, Jan-Willem G

2018-02-07

The half-Heuslers NbCoSn and NbCoSb have promising thermoelectric properties. Here, an investigation of the NbCo 1+y Sn 1-z Sb z (y = 0, 0.05; 0 ≤ z ≤ 1) solid-solution is presented. In addition, the p-type doping of NbCoSn using Ti and Zr substitution is investigated. Rietveld analysis reveals the gradual creation of Nb vacancies to compensate for the n-type doping caused by the substitution of Sb in NbCoSn. This leads to a similar valence electron count (∼18.25) for the NbCo 1+y Sn 1-z Sb z samples (z > 0). Mass fluctuation disorder due to the Nb vacancies strongly decreases the lattice thermal conductivity from 10 W m -1 K -1 (z = 0) to 4.5 W m -1 K -1 (z = 0.5, 1). This is accompanied by a transition to degenerate semiconducting behaviour leading to large power factors, S 2 /ρ = 2.5-3 mW m -1 K -2 and figures of merit, ZT = 0.25-0.33 at 773 K. Ti and Zr can be used to achieve positive Seebeck values, e.g. S = +150 μV K -1 for 20% Zr at 773 K. However, the electrical resistivity, ρ 323K = 27-35 mΩ cm, remains too large for these materials to be considered useful p-type materials.

Enhanced Raman Scattering from InSb Nanodots; Temperature and Laser-Power Dependent Studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wada, Noboru; Takayama, Haruki; Morohashi, Satoshi

2010-03-01

InSb nanodots were uniquely fabricated by vapor-transport on a Si substrate which had previously been bombarded by FBI Ga ions. The InSb nanodots were then examined by spatially-resolved Raman scattering using an Ar-ion laser (λ= 514.5 and 488 nm with P=1˜15 mW) with an optical microscope and CCD detector. In addition to the TO and LO peaks of InSb observed at ˜180 and 191 cm-1 respectively, two peaks were observed at ˜110 and 150 cm-1. Those Raman peaks were tentatively attributed to the 2TA and TO-TA second-order Raman processes. Those two peak intensities appeared to grow at the expense of the TO and LO Raman peak intensities with increasing the sample temperature from 10 K to 450 K. Also, the two-phonon peak intensities increased non-linearly with the probing laser power used. Hot carriers and their interactions with phonons in the restricted regions will be discussed together with Raman scattering results obtained from single-crystal InSb.

Improved GaSb surfaces using a (NH4)2S/(NH4)2S04 solution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murape, D. M.; Eassa, N.; Nyamhere, C.; Neethling, J. H.; Betz, R.; Coetsee, E.; Swart, H. C.; Botha, J. R.; Venter, A.

2012-05-01

Bulk (1 0 0) n-GaSb surfaces have been treated with a sulphur based solution ((NH4)2S/(NH4)2SO4) to which sulphur has been added, not previously reported for the passivation of GaSb surfaces. Au/n-GaSb Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) fabricated on the treated material show significant improvement compared to that of the similar SBDs on the as-received material as evidenced by the lower ideality factor (n), higher barrier height (ϕb) and lower contact resistance obtained. Additionally, the reverse leakage current, although not saturating, has been reduced by almost an order of magnitude at -0.2 V. The sample surfaces were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The native oxide, Sb-O, present on the as-received material is effectively removed on treating with ([(NH4)2S/(NH4)2SO4]+S) and (NH4)2S. Analysis of the as-received surface by XPS, prior to and after argon sputtering, suggests that the native oxide layer is ≤8.5 nm.

Interplay between magnetism and relativistic fermions in Eu doped (Sr/Ba)MnSb2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Jinyu; Hu, Jin; Zhu, Yanglin; Chuang, Alyssa; Graf, David; Jaime, Marcelo; Balakirev, Fedor; Weickert, Franziska; Zhang, Qiang; Ditusa, John; Wu, Yan; Cao, Huibo; Mao, Zhiqiang

Layered compounds AMnBi2 (A =Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu, and Yb) have been established as Dirac materials with fascinating properties. In our previous work, we have demonstrated that Sr1-y Mn1-z Sb2 (y, z <0.1), isostructural to AMnBi2, not only host relativistic fermions, but also exhibit ferromagnetic properties, with its ferromagnetism being coupled to the relativistic fermions' transport. To gain further insight into the relativistic fermion-magnetism coupling, we have synthesized a series of Eu doped (Sr/Ba)MnSb2 single crystals and found Eu moments order antiferromagnetically. Through neutron scattering experiments, we determined the magnetic structures for Sr1-xEuxMnSb2 with x = 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8. From magnetotransport measurements, we find the Eu antiferromagnetism is also coupled to relativistic fermion transport. More importantly, we observed a novel quantum phase with saturated magnetoresistivity near the quantum limit for the 10% Eu doped BaMnSb2 sample. We will discuss possible mechanisms for this novel phase.

Characterization of SB-271046: A potent, selective and orally active 5-HT6 receptor antagonist

PubMed Central

Routledge, Carol; Bromidge, Steven M; Moss, Stephen F; Price, Gary W; Hirst, Warren; Newman, Helen; Riley, Graham; Gager, Tracey; Stean, Tania; Upton, Neil; Clarke, Stephen E; Brown, Anthony M; Middlemiss, Derek N

2000-01-01

SB-271046, potently displaced [3H]-LSD and [125I]-SB-258585 from human 5-HT6 receptors recombinantly expressed in HeLa cells in vitro (pKi 8.92 and 9.09 respectively). SB-271046 also displaced [125I]-SB-258585 from human caudate putamen and rat and pig striatum membranes (pKi 8.81, 9.02 and 8.55 respectively). SB-271046 was over 200 fold selective for the 5-HT6 receptor vs 55 other receptors, binding sites and ion channels. In functional studies on human 5-HT6 receptors SB-271046 competitively antagonized 5-HT-induced stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity with a pA2 of 8.71. SB-271046 produced an increase in seizure threshold over a wide-dose range in the rat maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) test, with a minimum effective dose of ⩽0.1 mg kg−1 p.o. and maximum effect at 4 h post-dose. The level of anticonvulsant activity achieved correlated well with the blood concentrations of SB-271046 (EC50 of 0.16 μM) and brain concentrations of 0.01–0.04 μM at Cmax. These data, together with the observed anticonvulsant activity of other selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonists, SB-258510 (10 mg kg−1, 2–6 h pre-test) and Ro 04-6790 (1–30 mg kg−1, 1 h pre-test), in the rat MEST test, suggest that the anticonvulsant properties of SB-271046 are likely to be mediated by 5-HT6 receptors. Overall, these studies demonstrate that SB-271046 is a potent and selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist and is orally active in the rat MEST test. SB-271046 represents a valuable tool for evaluating the in vivo central function of 5-HT6 receptors. PMID:10928964

Oral administration of the 5-HT6 receptor antagonists SB-357134 and SB-399885 improves memory formation in an autoshaping learning task.

PubMed

Perez-García, Georgina; Meneses, Alfredo

2005-07-01

In this work we aimed to re-examine the 5-HT6 receptor role, by testing the selective antagonists SB-357134 (1-30 mg/kg p.o.) and SB-399885 (1-30 mg/kg p.o.) during memory consolidation of conditioned responses (CR%), in an autoshaping Pavlovian/instrumental learning task. Bioavailability, half-life and minimum effective dose to induce inappetence for SB-357134 were 65%, 3.4 h, and 30 mg/kg p.o., and for SB-399885 were 52%, 2.2 h, and 50 mg/kg p.o., respectively. Oral acute and chronic administration of either SB-357134 or SB-399885 improved memory consolidation compared to control groups. Acute administration of SB-357134, at 1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, produced a CR% inverted-U curve, eliciting the latter dose a 7-fold increase relative to saline group. Acute injection of SB-399885 produced significant CR% increments, being 1 mg/kg the most effective dose. Repeated administration (7 days) of either SB-357134 (10 mg/kg) or SB-399885 (1 mg/kg) elicited the most significant CR% increments. Moreover, modeling the potential therapeutic benefits of 5-HT6 receptor blockade, acute or repeated administration of SB-399885, at 10 mg/kg reversed memory deficits produced by scopolamine or dizocilpine, and SB-357134 (3 and 10 mg/kg) prevented amnesia and even improved performance. These data support the notion that endogenously 5-HT acting, via 5-HT6 receptor, improves memory consolidation.

Improved mechanical properties of thermoelectric (Bi 0.2Sb 0.8) 2Te 3 by nanostructuring

DOE PAGES

Lavrentev, M. G.; Osvenskii, V. B.; Parkhomenko, Yu. N.; ...

2016-06-01

Temperature-dependent strength of Bi-Sb-Te under uniaxial compression is investigated. Bi-Sb-Te samples were produced by three methods: vertical zone-melting, hot extrusion, and spark plasma sintering (SPS). For zone-melted and extruded samples, the brittle-ductile transition occurs over a temperature range of 200-350 °C. In nanostructured samples produced via SPS, the transition is observed in a narrower temperature range of 170-200 °C. At room temperature, the strength of the nanostructured samples is higher than that of zone-melted and extruded samples, but above 300 °C, all samples decrease to roughly the same strength.

Improved mechanical properties of thermoelectric (Bi 0.2Sb 0.8) 2Te 3 by nanostructuring

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lavrentev, M. G.; Osvenskii, V. B.; Parkhomenko, Yu. N.

Temperature-dependent strength of Bi-Sb-Te under uniaxial compression is investigated. Bi-Sb-Te samples were produced by three methods: vertical zone-melting, hot extrusion, and spark plasma sintering (SPS). For zone-melted and extruded samples, the brittle-ductile transition occurs over a temperature range of 200-350 °C. In nanostructured samples produced via SPS, the transition is observed in a narrower temperature range of 170-200 °C. At room temperature, the strength of the nanostructured samples is higher than that of zone-melted and extruded samples, but above 300 °C, all samples decrease to roughly the same strength.

Proximity-induced superconductivity within the InAs/GaSb edge conducting state

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kononov, A.; Kostarev, V. A.; Semyagin, B. R.; Preobrazhenskii, V. V.; Putyato, M. A.; Emelyanov, E. A.; Deviatov, E. V.

2017-12-01

We experimentally investigate Andreev transport through the interface between an indium superconductor and the edge of the InAs/GaSb bilayer. To cover all possible regimes of the InAs/GaSb spectrum, we study samples with 10-nm-, 12-nm-, and 14-nm-thick InAs quantum wells. For the trivial case of a direct band insulator in 10 nm samples, differential resistance demonstrates standard Andreev reflection. For InAs/GaSb structures with band inversion (12 and 14 nm samples), we observe distinct low-energy structures, which we regard as direct evidence for the proximity-induced superconductivity within the current-carrying edge state. For 14 nm InAs well samples, we additionally observe mesoscopiclike resistance fluctuations, which are subjected to threshold suppression in low magnetic fields.

Impacts of active school design on school-time sedentary behavior and physical activity: A pilot natural experiment.

PubMed

Brittin, Jeri; Frerichs, Leah; Sirard, John R; Wells, Nancy M; Myers, Beth M; Garcia, Jeanette; Sorensen, Dina; Trowbridge, Matthew J; Huang, Terry

2017-01-01

Children spend a significant portion of their days in sedentary behavior (SB) and on average fail to engage in adequate physical activity (PA). The school built environment may influence SB and PA, but research is limited. This natural experiment evaluated whether an elementary school designed to promote movement impacted students' school-time SB and PA. Accelerometers measured SB and PA at pre and post time-points in an intervention group who moved to the new school (n = 21) and in a comparison group experiencing no school environmental change (n = 20). Difference-in-difference (DD) analysis examined SB and PA outcomes in these groups. Measures were also collected post-intervention from an independent, grade-matched group of students in the new school (n = 21). As expected, maturational increases in SB were observed. However, DD analysis estimated that the intervention attenuated increase in SB by 81.2 ± 11.4 minutes/day (p<0.001), controlling for time in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The intervention was also estimated to increase daily number of breaks from SB by 23.4 ± 2.6 (p < .001) and to increase light physical activity (LPA) by 67.7 ± 10.7 minutes/day (p<0.001). However, the intervention decreased MVPA by 10.3 ± 2.3 minutes/day (p<0.001). Results of grade-matched independent samples analysis were similar, with students in the new vs. old school spending 90.5 ± 16.1 fewer minutes/day in SB, taking 21.1 ± 2.7 more breaks from SB (p<0.001), and spending 64.5 ± 14.8 more minutes in LPA (p<0.001), controlling for time in MVPA. Students in the new school spent 13.1 ± 2.7 fewer minutes in MVPA (p<0.001) than their counterparts in the old school. This pilot study found that active school design had beneficial effects on SB and LPA, but not on MVPA. Mixed results point to a need for active classroom design strategies to mitigate SB, and quick access from classrooms to areas permissive of high-intensity activities to promote MVPA. Integrating active design with programs/policies to promote PA may yield greatest impact on PA of all intensities.

Impacts of active school design on school-time sedentary behavior and physical activity: A pilot natural experiment

PubMed Central

Frerichs, Leah; Sirard, John R.; Wells, Nancy M.; Myers, Beth M.; Garcia, Jeanette; Sorensen, Dina; Trowbridge, Matthew J.; Huang, Terry

2017-01-01

Background Children spend a significant portion of their days in sedentary behavior (SB) and on average fail to engage in adequate physical activity (PA). The school built environment may influence SB and PA, but research is limited. This natural experiment evaluated whether an elementary school designed to promote movement impacted students’ school-time SB and PA. Methods Accelerometers measured SB and PA at pre and post time-points in an intervention group who moved to the new school (n = 21) and in a comparison group experiencing no school environmental change (n = 20). Difference-in-difference (DD) analysis examined SB and PA outcomes in these groups. Measures were also collected post-intervention from an independent, grade-matched group of students in the new school (n = 21). Results As expected, maturational increases in SB were observed. However, DD analysis estimated that the intervention attenuated increase in SB by 81.2 ± 11.4 minutes/day (p<0.001), controlling for time in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The intervention was also estimated to increase daily number of breaks from SB by 23.4 ± 2.6 (p < .001) and to increase light physical activity (LPA) by 67.7 ± 10.7 minutes/day (p<0.001). However, the intervention decreased MVPA by 10.3 ± 2.3 minutes/day (p<0.001). Results of grade-matched independent samples analysis were similar, with students in the new vs. old school spending 90.5 ± 16.1 fewer minutes/day in SB, taking 21.1 ± 2.7 more breaks from SB (p<0.001), and spending 64.5 ± 14.8 more minutes in LPA (p<0.001), controlling for time in MVPA. Students in the new school spent 13.1 ± 2.7 fewer minutes in MVPA (p<0.001) than their counterparts in the old school. Conclusions This pilot study found that active school design had beneficial effects on SB and LPA, but not on MVPA. Mixed results point to a need for active classroom design strategies to mitigate SB, and quick access from classrooms to areas permissive of high-intensity activities to promote MVPA. Integrating active design with programs/policies to promote PA may yield greatest impact on PA of all intensities. PMID:29216300

Density functional simulations of Sb-rich GeSbTe phase change alloys.

PubMed

Gabardi, S; Caravati, S; Bernasconi, M; Parrinello, M

2012-09-26

We generated models of the amorphous phase of Sb-rich GeSbTe phase change alloys by quenching from the melt within density functional molecular dynamics. We considered the two compositions Ge(1)Sb(1)Te(1) and Ge(2)Sb(4)Te(5). Comparison with previous results on the most studied Ge(2)Sb(2)Te(5) allowed us to draw some conclusions on the dependence of the structural properties of the amorphous phase on the alloy composition. Vibrational and electronic properties were also scrutinized. Phonons at high frequencies above 200 cm(-1) are localized in tetrahedra around Ge atoms in Sb-rich compounds as well as in Ge(2)Sb(2)Te(5). All compounds are semiconducting in the amorphous phase, with a band gap in the range 0.7-1.0 eV.

Density functional simulations of Sb-rich GeSbTe phase change alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gabardi, S.; Caravati, S.; Bernasconi, M.; Parrinello, M.

2012-09-01

We generated models of the amorphous phase of Sb-rich GeSbTe phase change alloys by quenching from the melt within density functional molecular dynamics. We considered the two compositions Ge1Sb1Te1 and Ge2Sb4Te5. Comparison with previous results on the most studied Ge2Sb2Te5 allowed us to draw some conclusions on the dependence of the structural properties of the amorphous phase on the alloy composition. Vibrational and electronic properties were also scrutinized. Phonons at high frequencies above 200 cm-1 are localized in tetrahedra around Ge atoms in Sb-rich compounds as well as in Ge2Sb2Te5. All compounds are semiconducting in the amorphous phase, with a band gap in the range 0.7-1.0 eV.

Centrosymmetry vs noncentrosymmetry in La2Ga0.33SbS5 and Ce4GaSbS9 based on the interesting size effects of lanthanides: Syntheses, crystal structures, and optical properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Hua-Jun

2016-05-01

Two new quaternary sulfides La2Ga0.33SbS5 and Ce4GaSbS9 have been prepared from stoichiometric elements at 1223 K in an evacuated silica tube. Interestingly, La2Ga0.33SbS5 crystallizes in the centrosymmetric structure, while Ce4GaSbS9 crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric structure, which show obvious size effects of lanthanides on the crystal structures of these two compounds. Ce4GaSbS9 belongs to RE4GaSbS9 (RE=Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd-Ho) structure type with a=13.8834(9) Å, b=14.3004(11) Å, c=14.4102(13) Å, V=2861.0(4) Å3. The structure features infinite chains of [Ga2Sb2S1110-]∞ propagating along a direction separated by Ce3+ cations and S2- anions. La2Ga0.33SbS5 adopts the family of La4FeSb2S10-related structure with a=7.5193(6) Å, c=13.4126(17) Å, V=758.35(13) Å3. Its structure is built up from the alternate stacking of La/Sb/S and La/Ga/S 2D building blocks. The La/Sb/S slabs consist of teeter-totter chains of Sb1S4 seesaws, which are connected via sharing the apexes of μ4-S1. Moreover, La1 is positionally disordered with Sb1 and stabilized in a bicapped trigonal prismatic coordination sphere. Between these La/Sb/S slabs, La2S8 square antiprisms are connected via edge-sharing into 2D building blocks, creating tetrahedral sites partially occupied by the Ga1 atoms. UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy study shows that the optical gap of La2Ga0.33SbS5 is about 1.76 eV.

19F and 31P magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance of antimony(III)-doped fluorapatite phosphors: Dopant sites and spin diffusion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moran, Liam B.; Berkowitz, Jeffery K.; Yesinowski, James P.

1992-03-01

Phosphors based on calcium fluorapatite [Ca5F(PO4)3] doped with small amounts of Sb3+ as an activator are used in most fluorescent lamps. We have used quantitative 19F and 31P magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) to study seven samples of calcium fluorapatite containing 0.0-3.0 wt % Sb3+ in order to determine the site of antimony substitution. The 31P MAS-NMR spectra of fluorapatite containing 3.0, 2.1, and 1.3 wt % antimony contain a single sharp peak at 2.8 ppm indistinguishable from undoped fluorapatite, and show no additional peaks attributable to the influence of antimony. The 31P MAS-NMR spectra of the model compounds SbPO4, Sr1.03Ca8.97F2(PO4)6, Sr5F(PO4)3, and Ba5F(PO4)3 were also obtained. The 19F MAS-NMR spectra of the antimony-doped samples exhibit, in addition to the main peak at 64.0 ppm (downfield from C6F6) arising from unperturbed fluorapatite, a shoulder at 65.6 ppm, and a sharp peak at 68.6 ppm. The measured spin-lattice relaxation times T1 of these antimony-related peaks are equal in all cases to that of the main peak in a given sample, and vary from 129 to 378 sec, indicating that these peaks arise from apatitic fluoride ions perturbed by antimony. Quantitative studies reveal that the 68.6-ppm peak arises from two fluoride ions and the 65.6-ppm shoulder from one fluoride ion per Sb3+ ion incorporated into the lattice. The selective population anti-z and rate of transfer to adjacent nuclei (SPARTAN) pulse sequence used to measure spin diffusion by selectively inverting the 68.6-ppm peak reveals the presence of cross-relaxation to the main peak at 64.0 ppm, but not to the shoulder at 65.6 ppm. Each Sb3+ ion thus appears to be perturbing fluoride ions in at least two different chains. An additional peak at 73.1 ppm observed in some samples is assigned to a second type of antimony(III) substitution, with a single fluoride ion perturbed by each antimony ion. The results in total provide detailed support for a substitution model in which antimony(III) occupies a phosphate site in the apatite lattice, with a SbO3-3 group replacing a PO3-4 group. Two types of substitution at this site appear to occur, depending upon which oxygen atom is replaced by the antimony lone electron pair.

5 CFR 302.403 - Qualifications for promotion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Qualifications for promotion. 302.403... EMPLOYMENT IN THE EXCEPTED SERVICE Selection and Appointment; Reappointment; and Qualifications for Promotion § 302.403 Qualifications for promotion. In determining qualifications for promotion with respect to an...

Does laser diode irradiation improve the degree of conversion of simplified dentin bonding systems?

PubMed Central

BRIANEZZI, Leticia Ferreira de Freitas; MAENOSONO, Rafael Massunari; BIM, Odair; ZABEU, Giovanna Speranza; PALMA-DIBB, Regina Guenka; ISHIKIRIAMA, Sérgio Kiyoshi

2017-01-01

Abstract Simplified dentin-bonding systems are clinically employed for most adhesive procedures, and they are prone to hydrolytic degradation. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of laser diode irradiation on the degree of conversion (DC), water sorption (WS), and water solubility (WSB) of these bonding systems in an attempt to improve their physico-mechanical resistance. Material and Methods Two bonding agents were tested: a two-step total-etch system [Adper™ Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE (SB)] and a universal system [Adper™ Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE (SU)]. Square-shaped specimens were prepared and assigned into 4 groups (n=5): SB and SU (control groups – no laser irradiation) and SB-L and SU-L [SB and SU laser (L) – irradiated groups]. DC was assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance. Additional uncured resin samples (≈3.0 µL, n=5) of each adhesive were also scanned for final DC calculation. For WS/WSB tests, similar specimens (n=10) were prepared and measured by monitoring the mass changes after dehydration/water storage cycles. For both tests, adhesive fluids were dropped into standardized Teflon molds (6.0×6.0×1.0 mm), irradiated with a 970-nm laser diode, and then polymerized with an LED-curing unit (1 W/cm2). Results Laser irradiation immediately before photopolymerization increased the DC (%) of the tested adhesives: SB-L>SB>SU-L>SU. For WS/WSB (μg/mm3), only the dentin bonding system (DBS) was a significant factor (p<0.05): SB>SU. Conclusion Irradiation with a laser diode improved the degree of conversion of all tested simplified dentin bonding systems, with no impact on water sorption and solubility. PMID:28877276

Effect of antimony-oxide on the shielding properties of some sodium-boro-silicate glasses.

PubMed

Zoulfakar, A M; Abdel-Ghany, A M; Abou-Elnasr, T Z; Mostafa, A G; Salem, S M; El-Bahnaswy, H H

2017-09-01

Some sodium-silicate-boro-antimonate glasses having the molecular composition [(20) Na 2 O - (20) SiO 2 - (60-x) B 2 O 3 - (x) Sb 2 O 3 (where x takes the values 0, 5 … or 20)] have been prepared by the melt quenching method. The melting and annealing temperatures were 1500 and 650K respectively. The amorphous nature of the prepared samples was confirmed by using X-ray diffraction analysis. Both the experimental and empirical density and molar volume values showed gradual increase with increasing Sb 2 O 3 content. The empirical densities showed higher values than those obtained experimentally, while the empirical molar volume values appeared lower than those obtained experimentally, which confirm the amorphous nature and randomness character of the studied samples. The experimentally obtained shielding parameters were approximately coincident with those obtained theoretically by applying WinXCom program. At low gamma-ray energies (0.356 and 0.662MeV) Sb 2 O 3 has approximately no effect on the total Mass Attenuation Coefficient, while at high energies it acts to increase the total Mass Attenuation Coefficient gradually. The obtained Half Value Layer and Mean Free Path values showed gradual decrease as Sb 2 O 3 was gradually increased. Also, the Total Mass Attenuation Coefficient values obtained between about 0.8 and 3.0MeV gamma-ray energy showed a slight decrease, as gamma-ray photon energy increased. This may be due to the differences between the Attenuation Coefficients of both antimony and boron oxides at various gamma-ray photon energies. However, it can be stated that the addition of Sb 2 O 3 into sodium-boro-silicate glasses increases the gamma-ray Attenuation Coefficient and the best sample is that contains 20 mol% of Sb 2 O 3 , which is operating well at 0.356 and 0.662MeV gamma-ray. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Investigation of the transport properties and compositions of the Ca{sub 2}RE{sub 7}Pn{sub 5}O{sub 5} series (RE=Pr, Sm, Gd, Dy; Pn=Sb, Bi)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Forbes, Scott; Yuan, Fang; Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044

The Ca{sub 2}RE{sub 7}Pn{sub 5}O{sub 5} phases (RE=Pr, Sm, Gd, Dy; Pn=Sb, Bi) were successfully prepared from high temperature reactions at 1225–1300 °C. These phases maintain the same structure types as the parent RE{sub 9}Pn{sub 5}O{sub 5} phases, except for a Ca/RE mixing. The study and preparation of these phases was motivated by the desire to shift the metallic type properties of the parent RE{sub 9}Pn{sub 5}O{sub 5} phases to a level more suitable for thermoelectric applications. Electrical resistivity measurements performed on pure, bulk samples indicated all phases to be narrow band gap semiconductors or semimetals, supporting the charge balancedmore » electron count of the Ca{sub 2}RE{sub 7}Pn{sub 5}O{sub 5} composition. Unfortunately, all samples are too electrically resistive for any potential usage as thermoelectrics. Electronic band structure calculations performed on idealized RE{sub 9}Pn{sub 5}O{sub 5} structures revealed the presence of a pseudogap at the Fermi level, which is consistent with the observed electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient behavior. - Graphical abstract: Ca substitution in RE{sub 9}Pn{sub 5}O{sub 5} leads to charge-balanced Ca{sub 2}RE{sub 7}Pn{sub 5}O{sub 5} phases with semiconducting or semimetallic properties. - Highlights: • The RE{sub 9}Pn{sub 5}O{sub 5} structure may be stabilized with calcium substitution in the form of Ca{sub 2}RE{sub 7}Pn{sub 5}O{sub 5}. • The Ca{sub 2}RE{sub 7}Pn{sub 5}O{sub 5} phases maintain the parent P 4/n structure, albeit with Ca/RE mixing. • The Ca{sub 2}RE{sub 7}Sb{sub 5}O{sub 5} phases behave as semiconductors while Ca{sub 2}RE{sub 7}Bi{sub 5}O{sub 5} are semimetals with electron-electron correlations. • Electronic structure calculations yield a semimetal-like density of states for both Ca{sub 2}RE{sub 7}Sb{sub 5}O{sub 5} and Ca{sub 2}RE{sub 7}Bi{sub 5}O{sub 5}.« less

Association of change in brain structure to objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior in older adults: Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study.

PubMed

Arnardottir, Nanna Yr; Koster, Annemarie; Domelen, Dane R Van; Brychta, Robert J; Caserotti, Paolo; Eiriksdottir, Gudny; Sverrisdottir, Johanna E; Sigurdsson, Sigurdur; Johannsson, Erlingur; Chen, Kong Y; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Harris, Tamara B; Launer, Lenore J; Sveinsson, Thorarinn

2016-01-01

Many studies have examined the hypothesis that greater participation in physical activity (PA) is associated with less brain atrophy. Here we examine, in a sub-sample (n=352, mean age 79.1 years) of the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study cohort, the association of the baseline and 5-year change in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived volumes of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) to active and sedentary behavior (SB) measured at the end of the 5-year period by a hip-worn accelerometer for seven consecutive days. More GM (β=0.11; p=0.044) and WM (β=0.11; p=0.030) at baseline was associated with more total physical activity (TPA). Also, when adjusting for baseline values, the 5-year change in GM (β=0.14; p=0.0037) and WM (β=0.11; p=0.030) was associated with TPA. The 5-year change in WM was associated with SB (β=-0.11; p=0.0007). These data suggest that objectively measured PA and SB late in life are associated with current and prior cross-sectional measures of brain atrophy, and that change over time is associated with PA and SB in expected directions. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Characterization of Sb-doped Bi(2)UO(6) solid solutions by X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy.

PubMed

Misra, N L; Yadav, A K; Dhara, Sangita; Mishra, S K; Phatak, Rohan; Poswal, A K; Jha, S N; Sinha, A K; Bhattacharyya, D

2013-01-01

The preparation and characterization of Sb-doped Bi(2)UO(6) solid solutions, in a limited composition range, is reported for the first time. The solid solutions were prepared by solid-state reactions of Bi(2)O(3), Sb(2)O(3) and U(3)O(8) in the required stoichiometry. The reaction products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements at the Bi and U L(3) edges. The XRD patterns indicate the precipitation of additional phases in the samples when Sb doping exceeds 4 at%. The chemical shifts of the Bi absorption edges in the samples, determined from the XANES spectra, show a systematic variation only up to 4 at% of Sb doping and support the results of XRD measurements. These observations are further supported by the local structure parameters obtained by analysis of the EXAFS spectra. The local structure of U is found to remain unchanged upon Sb doping indicating that Sb(+3) ions replace Bi(+3) during the doping of Bi(2)UO(6) by Sb.

Mitigation of Sulfur Poisoning of Ni/Zirconia SOFC Anodes by Antimony and Tin

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Marina, Olga A.; Coyle, Christopher A.; Engelhard, Mark H.

2011-02-28

Surface Ni/Sb and Ni/Sb alloys were found to efficiently minimize the negative effects of sulfur on the performance of Ni/zirconia anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Prior to operating on fuel gas containing low concentrations of H2S, the nickel/zirconia anodes were briefly exposed to antimony or tin vapor, which only slightly affected the SOFC performance. During the subsequent exposures to 1 and 5 ppm H2S, increases in anodic polarization losses were minimal compared to those observed for the standard nickel/zirconia anodes. Post-test XPS analyses showed that Sb and Sn tended to segregate to the surface of Ni particles, and furthermore » confirmed a significant reduction of adsorbed sulfur on the Ni surface in Ni/Sn and Ni/Sb samples compared to the Ni. The effect may be the result of weaker sulfur adsorption on bimetallic surfaces, adsorption site competition between sulfur and Sb or Sn on Ni, or other factors. The use of dilute binary alloys of Ni-Sb or Ni-Sn in the place of Ni, or brief exposure to Sb or Sn vapor, may be effective means to counteract the effects of sulfur poisoning in SOFC anodes and Ni catalysts. Other advantages, including suppression of coking or tailoring the anode composition for the internal reforming, are also expected.« less

Mixed Anion Heterostructure Materials

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-10-01

Because the analysis is ex-situ, the Ga2O3 fit component at 20.5 eV is also present. In the Sd 4d photoelectron spectra, the Sb2O3 and Sb2O5...indicating that AsSby segregates at the GaAsySb1-y/GaSb interface. Ga3d Sb4dAs3d GaAs As2O3 As2O5 4244464850 40 AsSby As 16182022 Ga2O3 GaSb Ga...AsSby 182022 GaSb GaAsGa2O3 182022 GaSb GaAsGa2O3 3840424446 As2O3 GaAs As 182022 Ga2O3 GaAs As2, 10 sec, 420 °C As4, 30 sec, 420 °C 18 Figure

Performance of Ge-Sb-Bi-Te-B Recording Media for Phase-Change Optical Disks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Chain-Ming; Yen, Wen-Shin; Liu, Ren-Haur; Chin, Tsung-Shune

2001-09-01

We investigated the physical properties of GeSbBiTeB materials and examined the feasibility for phase change recording. The studied compositions were Ge4Sb0.5Bi0.5Te5 and Ge2Sb1.5Bi0.5Te5 with B doping. The coexistence of Bi and B atoms into both Ge4SbTe5 and Ge2Sb2Te5 lattice maintains single fcc structure without phase separation. The Bi substitution shows benefits in decreasing crystallization temperature and activation energy, however the reflectivity is slightly reduced. 3 With small amount addition of boron about 1 at.%, the reflectivity can be increased. 2 Conventional 4-layer structure of digital versatile disk-random access memory (DVD-RAM) 2.6 GB format was used to prepare the disks for dynamic characterization and overwrite cyclability evaluations. The disk with Ge4Sb0.5Bi0.5Te5(B) recording layer shows large noise fluctuation and low overwrite erase ratio, suggesting that the crystallization speed is still insufficient. While the disk with Ge2Sb1.5Bi0.5Te5(B) recording layer shows lower writing and erasing powers, stable noise level and high overwrite erase ratio, indicating the capability for DVD-RAM applications. The effect of B doping was verified to enhance the signal amplitude and modulation.

Synthesis and thermoelectric property of Ca-doped n-type Bi85 Sb 15 alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kadel, Kamal; Li, Wenzhi; Joshi, Giri; Ren, Zhifeng

2011-03-01

Bi 1-x Sb x (0.09 x 0.20) alloysaren - typesemiconductingmaterialsthatexhibitagoodthermoelectricpropertyatlowtemperature , around 80 K . InthepresentworkweinvestigatedthethermoelectricpropertiesofundopedBi 85 Sb 15 anddifferentCa - dopedBi 85 Sb 15 Ca x alloys (x = 0.5 , 2 , and 5) synthesizedviaarc - meltingfirstandfollowedbyballmillingandhotpressing . EffectofdifferentCadopinglevelsontransportpropertiesofBi 85 Sb 15 alloyshasbeeninvestigated . ItisfoundthatthermalconductivitydecreaseswithincreasingCa . ElectricaltransportmeasurementsshowthatpowerfactorincreaseswithdopinglevelofCauptoBi 85 Sb 15 Ca 2 andthendecreases , yieldingthemaximumvalueofpowerfactorof 3.8 × 10 -3 Wm -1 K -2 andZTof 0.39 atroomtemperatureforBi 85 Sb 15 Ca 2 . Properties at below room temperature will also be presented.

Sleeping Beauty mutagenesis reveals cooperating mutations and pathways in pancreatic adenocarcinoma

PubMed Central

Mann, Karen M.; Ward, Jerrold M.; Yew, Christopher Chin Kuan; Kovochich, Anne; Dawson, David W.; Black, Michael A.; Brett, Benjamin T.; Sheetz, Todd E.; Dupuy, Adam J.; Chang, David K.; Biankin, Andrew V.; Waddell, Nicola; Kassahn, Karin S.; Grimmond, Sean M.; Rust, Alistair G.; Adams, David J.; Jenkins, Nancy A.; Copeland, Neal G.

2012-01-01

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most deadly cancers affecting the Western world. Because the disease is highly metastatic and difficult to diagnosis until late stages, the 5-y survival rate is around 5%. The identification of molecular cancer drivers is critical for furthering our understanding of the disease and development of improved diagnostic tools and therapeutics. We have conducted a mutagenic screen using Sleeping Beauty (SB) in mice to identify new candidate cancer genes in pancreatic cancer. By combining SB with an oncogenic Kras allele, we observed highly metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Using two independent statistical methods to identify loci commonly mutated by SB in these tumors, we identified 681 loci that comprise 543 candidate cancer genes (CCGs); 75 of these CCGs, including Mll3 and Ptk2, have known mutations in human pancreatic cancer. We identified point mutations in human pancreatic patient samples for another 11 CCGs, including Acvr2a and Map2k4. Importantly, 10% of the CCGs are involved in chromatin remodeling, including Arid4b, Kdm6a, and Nsd3, and all SB tumors have at least one mutated gene involved in this process; 20 CCGs, including Ctnnd1, Fbxo11, and Vgll4, are also significantly associated with poor patient survival. SB mutagenesis provides a rich resource of mutations in potential cancer drivers for cross-comparative analyses with ongoing sequencing efforts in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PMID:22421440

Ottensite, brizziite and mopungite from Pereta mine (Tuscany, Italy): new occurrences and crystal structure refinement of mopungite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bittarello, Erica; Cámara, Fernando; Ciriotti, Marco E.; Marengo, Alessandra

2015-08-01

Ottensite, Na3 (Sb2O3)(SbS3)·3H2O, brizziite, NaSbO3, and mopungite, NaSb(OH)6, have been found on several specimens from the antimony mine of Pereta (Grosseto, Tuscany, Italy). Ottensite from Pereta mine occurs as brilliant reddish-brown spheroidal aggregates, with a diameter up to 0.2 mm, formed by radially oriented individuals. These aggregates are associated with well-shaped tabular and pseudocubic colourless crystals of mopungite and platy aggregates of brizziite. This is the second world occurrence of ottensite and brizziite. The mineral species were characterized by electron microprobe analysis, X-ray diffraction study and microRaman spectroscopy. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data were collected on a twinned crystal of mopungite and the structure was for the first time refined on a natural sample in space group P42/ n [unit cell parameters a = 8.036(3) Å, c = 7.926(6) Å, V = 511.88(5) Å3, Z = 4] obtaining an R 1 -index of 5.17, wR 2 of 13.52 and GooF of 1.247.

Ball Aerospace Long Life, Low Temperature Space Cryocoolers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Glaister, D. S.; Gully, W.; Marquardt, E.; Stack, R.

2004-06-01

This paper describes the development, qualification, characterization testing and performance at Ball Aerospace of long life, low temperature (from 4 to 35 K) space cryocoolers. For over a decade, Ball has built long life (>10 year), multi-stage Stirling and Joule-Thomson (J-T) cryocoolers for space applications, with specific performance and design features for low temperature operation. As infrared space missions have continually pushed for operation at longer wavelengths, the applications for these low temperature cryocoolers have increased. The Ball cryocooler technologies have culminated in the flight qualified SB235 Cryocooler and the in-development 6 K NASA/JPL ACTDP (Advanced Cryocooler Technology Development Program) Cryocooler. The SB235 and its model derivative SB235E are 2-stage coolers designed to provide simultaneous cooling at 35 K (typically, for Mercury Cadmium Telluride or MCT detectors) and 100 K (typically, for the optics) and were baselined for the Raytheon SBIRS Low Track Sensor. The Ball ACTDP cooler is a hybrid Stirling/J-T cooler that has completed its preliminary design with an Engineering Model to be tested in 2005. The ACTDP cooler provides simultaneous cooling at 6 K (typically, for either doped Si detectors or as a sub-Kelvin precooler) and 18 K (typically, for optics or shielding). The ACTDP cooler is under development for the NASA JWST (James Webb Space Telescope), TPF (Terrestrial Planet Finder), and Con-X (Constellation X-Ray) missions. Both the SB235 and ACTDP Coolers are highly leveraged off previous Ball space coolers including multiple life test and flight units.

Assessing Intellectual Functioning in Young Adolescents: How Do the WISC-IV and SB5 Compare?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, Kimberley; Gilmore, Linda

2012-01-01

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children--Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) and the Stanford-Binet--Fifth Edition (SB5) are two of the most commonly used intelligence tests for children and adolescents. No comparative studies of the WISC-IV and SB5 have yet been published. In the current study the WISC-IV and SB5 were administered in counterbalanced…

Low-temperature interface reactions in layered Au/Sb films: In situ investigation of the formation of an amorphous phase

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boyen, H.-G.; Cossy-Favre, A.; Oelhafen, P.; Siber, A.; Ziemann, P.; Lauinger, C.; Moser, T.; Häussler, P.; Baumann, F.

1995-01-01

Photoelectron-spectroscopy methods combined with electrical-resistance measurements were employed to study the effects of intermixing at Au/Sb interfaces at low temperatures. For the purpose of characterizing the growth processes of the intermixed phase on a ML scale, Au/Sb bilayers (layer thicknesses DAu=0.5-75 ML and DSb=150 ML) were evaporated at 77 K and the different in situ techniques allowed a comparison to vapor-quenched amorphous AuxSb100-x alloys. For Au thicknesses between 0.5 and 0.9 ML, a change from a semiconducting to a metallic behavior of the samples has been detected, as indicated by the development of a steplike photoelectron intensity at the Fermi level. Evidence has been found that for Au coverages <= 6 ML chemical reactions at the Au/Sb interface occur, leading to the formation of a homogeneously intermixed amorphous layer with a maximum thickness of about 2.3 nm and Au concentrations as high as x~=80 at. %. This latter value corresponds to the limiting Au content where amorphous alloys can be prepared at low temperature (0 at. % <=x<= 80 at. %). For nominal coverages beyond 6 ML polycrystalline Au films were formed. Consequently, Au/Sb multilayers with sufficiently small modulation lengths, which were prepared at 130 K by ion-beam sputtering, were observed to grow as a homogeneous amorphous phase over a broad range of compositions, as evidenced by in situ resistance measurements and by comparing the obtained crystallization temperatures to those of vapor-quenched amorphous alloys. Variation of the deposition temperature Ts revealed that an amorphous interface layer is only formed for Ts<= 220 K. This is consistent with the fact that for multilayers with large modulation lengths containing unreacted polycrystalline Au and Sb layers, long-range interdiffusion is found to set in at temperatures above 230 K. This interdiffusion, however, results in the formation of polycrystalline Au-Sb alloys.

Nanostructured Composites of Bi1-xSbx Nanoparticles and Carbon Nanotubes and the Characterization of Their Thermoelectric Properties.

PubMed

Güneş, Ekrem; Gundlach, Felix; Elm, Matthias T; Klar, Peter J; Schlecht, Sabine; Wickleder, Mathias S; Müller, Eckhard

2017-12-27

The impact of inclusions of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on the thermoelectric properties of nanostructured Bi 1-x Sb x alloys with an Sb content between 10 and 20% was investigated for varying amounts of CNT. Three series of Bi 1-x Sb x pellets with 0, 0.3, and 0.5 wt % CNT were synthesized by mechanical alloying followed by uniaxial pressing. The resistivity was investigated in the temperature range from 30 to 500 K, revealing an enlargement of the band gap due to nanostructuring of the Bi 1- x Sb x alloy, which is even more pronounced for alloys including CNT. This enlargement is attributed to a modification of the interface between the Bi 1-x Sb x nanoparticles by a graphene-like coating, which is formed during the fabrication process due to the addition of CNT. Measurements of the Seebeck coefficient and the thermal conductivity were also performed to determine the thermoelectric properties. In total, the CNT-containing samples show a significant improvement of the figure of merit up to 250% for the Bi 0.88 Sb 0.12 composition with 0.3 wt % CNT due to the interface modification between the nanoparticles, demonstrating the beneficial effect of CNT on the thermoelectric properties.

Speciation of antimony in airborne particulate matter using ultrasound probe fast extraction and analysis by HPLC-HG-AFS.

PubMed

Bellido-Martín, A; Gómez-Ariza, J L; Smichowsky, P; Sánchez-Rodas, D

2009-09-07

A fast extraction procedure has been developed for Sb(III) and Sb(V) oxoanions speciation in airborne particulate matter samples. Different extraction media (diammonium tartrate, hidroxilammonium clorhidrate, citric acid+ascorbic acid, phosphoric acid and citrate solutions) were tried, with assistance of an ultrasonic probe. The operation power and time of extraction were also optimized. The higher extraction recoveries were obtained with a 100 mmol L(-1) hidroxilammonium clorhidrate aqueous solution assisted by the ultrasound probe operated at 50 W during 3 min. The extracts were analyzed by HPLC-HG-AFS. The chromatographic separation of Sb(III) and Sb(V) was also optimized using diammonium tartrate and phthalic acid as mobile phases. The separation of both Sb species was performed in less than 3 min under isocratic conditions, using a 200 mmol L(-1) diammonium tartrate solution. The proposed extraction procedure and the HPLC-HG-AFS instrumental coupling have been successfully applied to airborne particulate matter samples, with high Sb content, collected in heavy traffic streets from Buenos Aires (Argentina). The results showed the presence of both Sb species at similar concentrations in the ng m(-3) level. The extraction yield was higher than 90% for all the analyzed samples.

Stellar Population Synthesis of Star-forming Clumps in Galaxy Pairs and Non-interacting Spiral Galaxies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zaragoza-Cardiel, Javier; Smith, Beverly J.; Rosado, Margarita; Beckman, John E.; Bitsakis, Theodoros; Camps-Fariña, Artemi; Font, Joan; Cox, Isaiah S.

2018-02-01

We have identified 1027 star-forming complexes in a sample of 46 galaxies from the Spirals, Bridges, and Tails (SB&T) sample of interacting galaxies, and 693 star-forming complexes in a sample of 38 non-interacting spiral (NIS) galaxies in 8 μm observations from the Spitzer Infrared Array Camera. We have used archival multi-wavelength UV-to IR observations to fit the observed spectral energy distribution of our clumps with the Code Investigating GALaxy Emission using a double exponentially declined star formation history. We derive the star formation rates (SFRs), stellar masses, ages and fractions of the most recent burst, dust attenuation, and fractional emission due to an active galactic nucleus for these clumps. The resolved star formation main sequence holds on 2.5 kpc scales, although it does not hold on 1 kpc scales. We analyzed the relation between SFR, stellar mass, and age of the recent burst in the SB&T and NIS samples, and we found that the SFR per stellar mass is higher in the SB&T galaxies, and the clumps are younger in the galaxy pairs. We analyzed the SFR radial profile and found that the SFR is enhanced through the disk and in the tidal features relative to normal spirals.

The Effects of Antimony Addition on the Microstructural, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu Solder Alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sungkhaphaitoon, Phairote; Plookphol, Thawatchai

2018-02-01

In this study, we investigated the effects produced by the addition of antimony (Sb) to Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-based solder alloys. Our focus was the alloys' microstructural, mechanical, and thermal properties. We evaluated the effects by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and a universal testing machine (UTM). The results showed that a part of the Sb was dissolved in the Sn matrix phase, and the remaining one participated in the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) of Ag3(Sn,Sb) and Cu6(Sn,Sb)5. In the alloy containing the highest wt pct Sb, the added component resulted in the formation of SnSb compound and small particle pinning of Ag3(Sn,Sb) along the grain boundary of the IMCs. Our tests of the Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder alloys' mechanical properties showed that the effects produced by the addition of Sb varied as a function of the wt pct Sb content. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increased from 29.21 to a maximum value of 40.44 MPa, but the pct elongation (pct EL) decreased from 48.0 to a minimum 25.43 pct. Principally, the alloys containing Sb had higher UTS and lower pct EL than Sb-free solder alloys due to the strengthening effects of solid solution and second-phase dispersion. Thermal analysis showed that the alloys containing Sb had a slightly higher melting point and that the addition amount ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 wt pct Sb did not significantly change the solidus and liquidus temperatures compared with the Sb-free solder alloys. Thus, the optimal concentration of Sb in the alloys was 3.0 wt pct because the microstructure and the ultimate tensile strength of the SAC305 solder alloys were improved.

Use of global positioning system for physical activity research in youth: ESPAÇOS Adolescentes, Brazil.

PubMed

Alberico, Claudia Oliveira; Schipperijn, Jasper; Reis, Rodrigo S

2017-10-01

The built environment is an important factor associated with physical activity and sedentary behavior (SB) during adolescence. This study presents the methods for objective assessment of context-specific moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and SB, as well as describes results from the first project using such methodology in adolescents from a developing country. An initial sample of 381 adolescents was recruited from 32 census tracts in Curitiba, Brazil (2013); 80 had their homes geocoded and wore accelerometer and GPS devices for seven days. Four domains were defined as important contexts: home, school, transport and leisure. The majority of participants (n=80) were boys (46; 57.5%), with a normal BMI (52; 65.0%) and a mean age (SD) of 14.5 (5.5) years. Adolescents spent most of their time at home, engaging in SB. Overall, the largest proportion of MVPA was while in transport (17.1% of time spent in this context) and SB while in leisure (188.6min per day). Participants engaged in MVPA for a median of 28.7 (IQR 18.2-43.2) and 17.9 (IQR 9.2-32.1) minutes during week and weekend days, respectively. Participants spent most of their day in the leisure and home domains. The use of Geographic Information System (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS) and accelerometer data allowed objective identification of the amount of time spent in MVPA and SB in four different domains. Though the combination of objective measures is still an emerging methodology, this is a promising and feasible approach to understanding interactions between people and their environments in developing countries. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on fecal short-chain fatty acids and microflora in patients on long-term total enteral nutrition

PubMed Central

Schneider, Stéphane M; Girard-Pipau, Fernand; Filippi, Jérôme; Hébuterne, Xavier; Moyse, Dominique; Hinojosa, Gustavo Calle; Pompei, Anne; Rampal, Patrick

2005-01-01

AIM: To assess the effects of Sb on fecal flora and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in patients on long-term TEN. METHODS: Ten patients (3 females, 7 males, 59±5.5 years), on TEN for a median of 13 mo (1-125), and 15 healthy volunteers (4 females, 11 males, 32±2.0 years) received Sb (0.5 g bid PO) for 6 d. Two stool samples were taken before, on the last 2 d and 9-10 d after treatment, for SCFA measurement and for culture and bacterial identification. Values (mean±SE) were compared using sign tests and ANOVA. RESULTS: Fecal butyrate levels were lower in patients (10.1±2.9 mmol/kg) than in controls (19.2±2.9, P = 0.02). Treatment with Sb increased total fecal SCFA levels in patients (150.2±27.2vs 107.5?8.2 mmol/kg, P = 0.02) but not in controls (129.0±28.6 vs 113.0±15.2 mmol/kg, NS). At the end of treatment with Sb, patients had higher fecal butyrate (16.0±4.4 vs 10.1 [2.9] mmol/kg, P = 0.004). Total SCFAs remained high 9 d after treatment was discon-tinued. Before the treatment, the anaerobe to aerobe ratio was lower in patients compared to controls (2.4±2.3 vs 69.8±1.8, P = 0.003). There were no significant changes in the fecal flora of TEN patients. CONCLUSION: Sb-induced increase of fecal SCFA concentrations (especially butyrate) may explain the preventive effects of this yeast on TEN-induced diarrhea. PMID:16273644

Arsenic and antimony geochemistry of mine wastes, associated waters and sediments at the Giant Mine, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fawcett, Skya E.; Jamieson, Heather E.; Nordstrom, D. Kirk; McCleskey, R. Blaine

2015-01-01

Elevated levels of arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) in water and sediments are legacy residues found downstream from gold-mining activities at the Giant Mine in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada. To track the transport and fate of As and Sb, samples of mine-waste from the mill, and surface water, sediment, pore-water, and vegetation downstream of the mine were collected. Mine waste, pore-water, and sediment samples were analyzed for bulk chemistry, and aqueous and solid-state speciation. Sediment and vegetation chemistry were evaluated using scanning electron microscope imaging, synchrotron-based element mapping and electron microprobe analysis. The distributions of As and Sb in sediments were similar, yet their distributions in the corresponding pore-waters were mostly dissimilar, and the mobility of As was greater than that of Sb. Competition for sorption sites is the most likely cause of elevated Sb concentrations in relatively oxidized pore-water and surface water. The aqueous and solid-state speciation of As and Sb also differed. In pore-water, As(V) dominated in oxidizing environments and As(III) in reducing environments. In contrast, the Sb(V) species dominated in all but one pore-water sample, even under reducing conditions. Antimony(III) appears to preferentially precipitate or adsorb onto sulfides as evidenced by the prevalence of an Sb(III)-S secondary solid-phase and the lack of Sb(III)(aq) in the deeper zones. The As(V)–O solid phase became depleted with depth below the sediment–water interface, and the Sb(V)–O phase persisted under relatively reducing conditions. In the surficial zone at a site populated by Equisetum fluviatile (common horsetail), As and Sb were associated with organic material and appeared mobile in the root zone. In the zone below active plant growth, As and Sb were associated primarily with inorganic phases suggesting a release and reprecipitation of these elements upon plant death. The co-existence of reduced and oxidized As and Sb species, instability of some phases under changing redox conditions, and plant uptake and release pose challenges for remediation efforts at the mine.

Diversity of enterococcal species and characterization of high-level aminoglycoside resistant enterococci of samples of wastewater and surface water in Tunisia.

PubMed

Ben Said, Leila; Klibi, Naouel; Lozano, Carmen; Dziri, Raoudha; Ben Slama, Karim; Boudabous, Abdellatif; Torres, Carmen

2015-10-15

One hundred-fourteen samples of wastewater (n=64) and surface-water (n=50) were inoculated in Slanetz-Bartley agar plates supplemented or not with gentamicin (SB-Gen and SB plates, respectively) for enterococci recovery. Enterococci were obtained from 75% of tested samples in SB media (72% in wastewater; 78% in surface-water), and 85 enterococcal isolates (one/positive-sample) were obtained. Enterococcus faecium was the most prevalent species (63.5%), followed by Enterococcus faecalis (20%), Enterococcus hirae (9.4%), Enterococcus casseliflavus (4.7%), and Enterococcus gallinarum/Enterococcus durans (2.4%). Antibiotic resistance detected among these enterococci was as follows [percentage/detected gene (number isolates)]: kanamycin [29%/aph(3')-IIIa (n=22)], streptomycin [8%/ant(6)-Ia (n=4)], erythromycin [44%/erm(B) (n=34)], tetracycline [18%/tet(M) (n=6)/tet(M)-tet(L) (n=9)], chloramphenicol [2%/cat(A) (n=1)], ciprofloxacin [7%] and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [94%]. High-level-gentamicin resistant (HLR-G) enterococci were recovered from 15 samples in SB-Gen or SB plates [12/64 samples of wastewater (19%) and 3/50 samples of surface-water (6%)]; HLR-G isolates were identified as E. faecium (n=7), E. faecalis (n=6), and E. casseliflavus (n=2). These HLR-G enterococci carried the aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia and erm(B) genes, in addition to aph(3')-IIIa (n=10), ant(6)-Ia (n=9), tet(M) (n=13), tet(L) (n=8) and cat(A) genes (n=2). Three HLR-G enterococci carried the esp virulence gene. Sequence-types detected among HLR-G enterococci were as follows: E. faecalis (ST480, ST314, ST202, ST55, and the new ones ST531 and ST532) and E. faecium (ST327, ST12, ST296, and the new ones ST985 and ST986). Thirty-two different PFGE patterns were detected among 36 high-level-aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci recovered in water samples. Diverse genetic lineages of HLR-G enterococci were detected in wastewater and surface-water in Tunisia. Water can represent an important source for the dissemination of these antibiotic resistant microorganisms to other environments. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Electrical and optical performance of InAs/GaSb superlattice LWIR detectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Field, M.; Sullivan, G. J.; Ikhlassi, A.; Grein, C.; Flatté, M. E.; Yang, H.; Zhong, M.; Weimer, M.

2006-02-01

InAs/GaSb superlattices are a promising technology for long-wave and very-long-wave infrared photodetectors. Present detectors at these wavelengths are mostly built using bulk HgCdTe (MCT) alloys, where the bandgap is controlled by the mercury-cadmium ratio. In contrast, InAs/GaSb heterostructures control the bandgap by engineering the widths of the layers making up the superlattice. This approach is expected to have important advantages over MCT, notably the tighter control of bandgap uniformity across a sample and the suppression of Auger recombination. InAs/GaSb superlattices have a potential advantage in temperature of operation, uniformity and yield. To realize their inherent potential, however, superlattice materials with low defect density and improved device characteristics must be demonstrated. Here, we report on the growth and characterization of a 9.7 μm cutoff wavelength InAs/GaSb superlattice detector, with a resistance-area product of R 0A = 11 Ωcm2 at 78 K, and an 8.5 μm cutoff diode with a resistance-area product of R 0A = 160 Ωcm2 at 78 K. The devices are p-i-n diodes with a relatively thin intrinsic region of depth 0.5 μm as the active absorbing region. The measured external quantum efficiencies of 7.1% and 5.4 % at 7.9 μm are not yet large enough to challenge the incumbent MCT technology, but suggest scaling the intrinsic region could be a way forward to potentially useful detectors.

Accuracy of transcutaneous bilirubin measured by the BiliCare device in late preterm and term neonates.

PubMed

Kitsommart, Ratchada; Yangthara, Buranee; Wutthigate, Punnanee; Paes, Bosco

2016-11-01

The objective of this study is to explore the accuracy and performance of a new transcutaneous bilirubinometer (TCB) for the screening of jaundice in late preterm and term infants. A cross-sectional study was conducted. TCB measurements were performed using the BiliCare(TM) bilirubinometer. Paired TCB and serum bilirubin (SB) measurements were analysed. One hundred and fourteen paired samples were collected from 93 healthy late preterm and term infants. Bilirubin measurements were done at median (interquartile range) of 50.5 (34, 72) hours. The mean (SD) difference between the TCB and SB was 1.87 (1.98) mg/dL. A TCB cut-off level at 8.0 mg/dL provides a sensitivity of 97.3% with a negative predictive value (NPV) of 87.5% to detect a SB level of at least 8.0 mg/dL. For SB levels of at least 10.0 mg/dL, a TCB cut-off at 9.0 mg/dL shows a sensitivity of 97.5%; NPV 95.4%. For a SB level of at least 13.0 mg/dL, a TCB cut-off at 12 or 13 mg/dL had a sensitivity of 92.9% and NPV of 98.7%. The BiliCare(TM) demonstrated good performance with positive bias for the screening of jaundice in healthy late preterm or term infants. However, if adopted, proper cut-off levels should be chosen because of sub-optimal device precision.

Preparation, characterization of Sb-doped ZnO nanocrystals and their excellent solar light driven photocatalytic activity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nasser, Ramzi; Othmen, Walid Ben Haj; Elhouichet, Habib; Férid, Mokhtar

2017-01-01

In the present study, undoped and antimony (Sb) doped ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) were prepared by a simple and economical sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the purity of the obtained phase and its high crystallinity. Raman analysis confirms the hexagonal Wurtzite ZnO structure. According to the diffuse reflectance results, the band gap was found to decrease up to 3% of Sb doping (ZSb3 sample). The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements reveal that Sb ions occupied both Zn and interstitials sites. The successful substitution of antimony in ZnO lattice suggests the formation of the complex (SbZn-2 VZn) acceptor level above the valence band. Particularly for ZSb3 sample, the UV photoluminescence (PL) band presents an obvious red-shift attributed to the formation of this complex. Rhodamine B (RhB) was used to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of Sb-doped ZnO NCs under sunlight irradiation. It was found that oxygen vacancies play a major role in the photocatalytic process by trapping the excited electrons and inhibiting the radiative recombination. During the photocatalytic mechanism, the Sb doping, expressed through the apparition of the (SbZn-2 VZn) correspondent acceptor level, enhances the sunlight absorption within the ZnO band gap, which stimulates the generation of hydroxyl radicals and promotes the photocatalytics reaction rates. Such important contribution of the hydroxyl radicals was confirmed experimentally when using ethanol as scavenger in the photocatalytic reaction. The photodegradation experiments reveal that ZSb3 sample exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity among all the prepared samples and presents a good cycling stability and reusability. The influence of the initial pH in the photodegradation efficiency was also monitored and discussed.

Arsenic, Sb and Bi contamination of soils, plants, waters and sediments in the vicinity of the Dalsung Cu-W mine in Korea.

PubMed

Jung, Myung Chae; Thornton, Iain; Chon, Hyo-Taek

2002-08-05

The objective of this study is to investigate environmental contamination derived from metalliferous mining activities. In the study area, the Dalsung Cu-W mine, soils, various crop plants, stream waters, sediments and particulates were sampled in and around the mine and analyzed for As, Sb and Bi by ICP-AES with a hydride generator. In addition, soil pH, cation exchange capacity, loss-on-ignition and soil texture were also measured. Concentrations of As, Sb and Bi in surface soils sampled in the mine dump sites averaged 2500, 54 and 436 microg g(-1), respectively. Relatively lower concentrations, however, were found in soils from alluvial and high land sites and household garden sites. Arsenic, Sb and Bi contents in plant samples varied depending upon their species and parts, with higher concentrations in spring onions, soybean leaves and perilla leaves and lower levels in red peppers, corn grains and jujube grains. These results confirm that elemental concentrations in plant leaves are much higher than those in plant grain. Elevated levels of As, Sb and Bi were also found in stream sediments sampled in the vicinity of the mine and decreased with distance from the mine. Concentrations in stream water samples ranged from 0.8 to 19.1 microg As l(-1) and from 0.3 to 8.4 microg Bi l(-1); all the samples contained less than 1.0 microg Sb l(-1). Because of very low particulate loading at the time of sampling, the metal contents in particulates were very low (< 8.2 microg As l(-1), < 0.22 microg Sb l(-1) and 2.8 microg Bi l(-1). This may be mainly due to the low solubility of those elements under moderately acidic and oxidizing conditions of the mining area.

A fully automated temperature-dependent resistance measurement setup using van der Pauw method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pandey, Shivendra Kumar; Manivannan, Anbarasu

2018-03-01

The van der Pauw (VDP) method is widely used to identify the resistance of planar homogeneous samples with four contacts placed on its periphery. We have developed a fully automated thin film resistance measurement setup using the VDP method with the capability of precisely measuring a wide range of thin film resistances from few mΩ up to 10 GΩ under controlled temperatures from room-temperature up to 600 °C. The setup utilizes a robust, custom-designed switching network board (SNB) for measuring current-voltage characteristics automatically at four different source-measure configurations based on the VDP method. Moreover, SNB is connected with low noise shielded coaxial cables that reduce the effect of leakage current as well as the capacitance in the circuit thereby enhancing the accuracy of measurement. In order to enable precise and accurate resistance measurement of the sample, wide range of sourcing currents/voltages are pre-determined with the capability of auto-tuning for ˜12 orders of variation in the resistances. Furthermore, the setup has been calibrated with standard samples and also employed to investigate temperature dependent resistance (few Ω-10 GΩ) measurements for various chalcogenide based phase change thin films (Ge2Sb2Te5, Ag5In5Sb60Te30, and In3SbTe2). This setup would be highly helpful for measurement of temperature-dependent resistance of wide range of materials, i.e., metals, semiconductors, and insulators illuminating information about structural change upon temperature as reflected by change in resistances, which are useful for numerous applications.

Microbial diversity and community structure in an antimony-rich tailings dump.

PubMed

Xiao, Enzong; Krumins, Valdis; Dong, Yiran; Xiao, Tangfu; Ning, Zengping; Xiao, Qingxiang; Sun, Weimin

2016-09-01

To assess the impact of antimony (Sb) on microbial community structure, 12 samples were taken from an Sb tailings pile in Guizhou Province, Southwest China. All 12 samples exhibited elevated Sb concentrations, but the mobile and bioaccessible fractions were small in comparison to total Sb concentrations. Besides the geochemical analyses, microbial communities inhabiting the tailing samples were characterized to investigate the interplay between the microorganisms and environmental factors in mine tailings. In all samples, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the most dominant phyla. At the genus level, Thiobacillus, Limnobacter, Nocardioides, Lysobacter, Phormidium, and Kaistobacter demonstrated relatively high abundances. The two most abundant genera, Thiobacillus and Limnobacter, are characterized as sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and thiosulfate-oxidizing bacteria, respectively, while the genus Lysobacter contains arsenic (As)-resistant bacteria. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicates that TOC and the sulfate to sulfide ratio strongly shaped the microbial communities, suggesting the influence of the environmental factors in the indigenous microbial communities.

Microplate assay for screening the antibacterial activity of Schiff bases derived from substituted benzopyran-4-one.

PubMed

Amin, Rehab M; Abdel-Kader, Nora S; El-Ansary, Aida L

2012-09-01

Schiff bases (SB(1)-SB(3)) were synthesized from the condensation of 6-formyl-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methylbenzopyran-4-one with 2-aminopyridine (SB(1)), p-phenylenediamine (SB(2)) and o-phenylenediamine (SB(3)), while Schiff bases (SB(4)-SB(6)) were synthesized by condensation of 5,7-dihydroxy-6-formyl-2-methylbenzopyran-4-one with 2-aminopyridine (SB(4)), p-phenylenediamine (SB(5)) and o-phenylenediamine (SB(6)). Schiff bases were characterized using elemental analysis, IR, UV-Vis, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and mass spectroscopy. These compounds were screened for antibacterial activities by micro-plate assay technique. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus capitis were exposed to different concentrations of the Schiff bases. Results showed that the antibacterial effect of these Schiff bases on Gram-negative bacteria were higher than that on Gram-positive bacteria moreover, the Schiff bases containing substituent OCH(3) on position five have higher antibacterial activity than that containing hydroxy group on the same position. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

GaSb/AlGaSb VCSEL structures and microcavities in the 1.5 μm wavelength range

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koeth, J.; Dietrich, R.; Reithmaier, J. P.; Forchel, A.

Vertical cavity surface emitting laser structures for 1.5 μm wavelength applications were realized by growing AlSb/AlGaSb Bragg mirrors on GaAs substrates with solid source molecular beam epitaxy. Due to the high refractive index contrast between GaSb and AlSb high quality resonators can be made by only 15 layer pairs for each Bragg mirror. Laser operation could be demonstrated by optical pumping with threshold excitation densities of about 500 W/cm2. In laterally deeply etched microcavities with diameters of 5 μm a clear discretization of the optical modes was observed. The lateral confinement effects are compared with results of AlAs/GaAs microcavities designed for 0.9 μm emission wavelength. Due to the longer wavelength a stronger confinement effect can be achieved in AlSb/AlGaSb microcavities for the same lateral dimensions.

The effect of chronic progressive-dose sodium bicarbonate ingestion on CrossFit-like performance: A double-blind, randomized cross-over trial.

PubMed

Durkalec-Michalski, Krzysztof; Zawieja, Emilia E; Podgórski, Tomasz; Łoniewski, Igor; Zawieja, Bogna E; Warzybok, Marta; Jeszka, Jan

2018-01-01

Sodium bicarbonate (SB) has been proposed as an ergogenic aid, as it improves high-intensity and resistance exercise performance. However, no studies have yet investigated SB application in CrossFit. This study examined the effects of chronic, progressive-dose SB ingestion on CrossFit-like performance and aerobic capacity. In a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial, 21 CrossFit-trained participants were randomly allocated to 2 groups and underwent 2 trials separated by a 14-day washout period. Participants ingested either up to 150 mg∙kg-1 of SB in a progressive-dose regimen or placebo for 10 days. Before and after each trial, Fight Gone Bad (FGB) and incremental cycling (ICT) tests were performed. In order to examine biochemical responses, blood samples were obtained prior to and 3 min after completing each exercise test. No gastrointestinal (GI) side effects were reported during the entire protocol. The overall FGB performance improved under SB by ~6.1% (p<0.001) and it was ~3.1% higher compared to post placebo (PLApost) (p = 0.040). The number of repetitions completed in each round also improved under SB (mean from baseline: +5.8% to +6.4%). Moreover, in ICT, the time to ventilatory threshold (VT) (~8:25 min SBpost vs. ~8:00 min PLApost, p = 0.020), workload at VT (~218 W SBpost vs. ~208 W PLApost, p = 0.037) and heart rate at VT (~165 bpm SBpost vs. ~161 bpm PLApost, p = 0.030) showed higher SBpost than PLApost. Furthermore, the maximum carbon dioxide production increased under SB by ~4.8% (from ~3604 mL∙min-1 to ~3776 mL∙min-1, p = 0.049). Pyruvate concentration and creatine kinase activity before ICT showed higher SBpost than PLApost (~0.32 mmol∙L-1 vs. ~0.26 mmol∙L-1, p = 0.001; ~275 U∙L-1 vs. ~250 U∙L-1, p = 0.010, respectively). However, the small sample size limits the wide-application of our results. Progressive-dose SB ingestion regimen eliminated GI side effects and improved CrossFit-like performance, as well as delayed ventilatory threshold occurrence.

Synthesis and thermoelectric property of Ca and In-doped n-type Bi85Sb15 alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kadel, Kamal; Li, Wenzhi; Joshi, Giri; Ren, Zhifeng

2014-03-01

In the present work we investigated the thermo-electric properties of undoped Bi85Sb15 and different Ca-doped Bi85Sb15Cax (x =0.5, 2, and 5) and In-doped Bi85Sb15Inx(x =0.5, 2) alloys synthesized via arc-melting first and followed by ball milling and hot pressing. Effect of different Ca and In doping levels on transport properties of Bi85Sb15 alloys has been investigated. It is found that thermal conductivity decreases with increasing Ca and decreasing In. Electrical transport measurements show that power factor increases with doping level of Ca up to Bi85Sb15Ca2 and then decreases yielding the maximum power factor of 3.8 × 10-3 Wm-1K-2 and zT of 0.39 at room temperature for Bi85Sb15Ca2. For indium doping, power factor decreases with doping level from 0.5 to 2, yielding the maximum zT value of 0.37 at room temperature for Bi85Sb15In0.5. In this work, calcium doping in Bi85Sb15 alloy is found to yield better thermoelectric property than indium doping.

Zintl Phases for Thermoelectric Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Snyder, G. Jeffrey (Inventor); Toberer, Eric (Inventor); Zevalkink, Alex (Inventor)

2014-01-01

The inventors demonstrate herein that various Zintl compounds can be useful as thermoelectric materials for a variety of applications. Specifically, the utility of Ca3AlSb3, Ca5Al2Sb6, Ca5In2Sb6, Ca5Ga2Sb6, is described herein. Carrier concentration control via doping has also been demonstrated, resulting in considerably improved thermoelectric performance in the various systems described herein.

Investigation of directionally solidified InGaSb ternary alloys from Ga and Sb faces of GaSb(111) under prolonged microgravity at the International Space Station

PubMed Central

Nirmal Kumar, Velu; Arivanandhan, Mukannan; Rajesh, Govindasamy; Koyama, Tadanobu; Momose, Yoshimi; Sakata, Kaoruho; Ozawa, Tetsuo; Okano, Yasunori; Inatomi, Yuko; Hayakawa, Yasuhiro

2016-01-01

InGaSb ternary alloys were grown from GaSb (111)A and B faces (Ga and Sb faces) under microgravity conditions on board the International Space Station by a vertical gradient freezing method. The dissolution process of the Ga and Sb faces of GaSb and orientation-dependent growth properties of InGaSb were analysed. The dissolution of GaSb(111)B was greater than that of (111)A, which was found from the remaining undissolved seed and feed crystals. The higher dissolution of the Sb face was explained based on the number of atoms at that face, and its bonding with the next atomic layer. The growth interface shape was almost flat in both cases. The indium composition in both InGaSb samples was uniform in the radial direction and it gradually decreased along the growth direction because of segregation. The growth rate of InGaSb from GaSb (111)B was found to be higher than that of GaSb (111)A because of the higher dissolution of GaSb (111)B. PMID:28725736

Investigation of directionally solidified InGaSb ternary alloys from Ga and Sb faces of GaSb(111) under prolonged microgravity at the International Space Station.

PubMed

Nirmal Kumar, Velu; Arivanandhan, Mukannan; Rajesh, Govindasamy; Koyama, Tadanobu; Momose, Yoshimi; Sakata, Kaoruho; Ozawa, Tetsuo; Okano, Yasunori; Inatomi, Yuko; Hayakawa, Yasuhiro

2016-01-01

InGaSb ternary alloys were grown from GaSb (111)A and B faces (Ga and Sb faces) under microgravity conditions on board the International Space Station by a vertical gradient freezing method. The dissolution process of the Ga and Sb faces of GaSb and orientation-dependent growth properties of InGaSb were analysed. The dissolution of GaSb(111)B was greater than that of (111)A, which was found from the remaining undissolved seed and feed crystals. The higher dissolution of the Sb face was explained based on the number of atoms at that face, and its bonding with the next atomic layer. The growth interface shape was almost flat in both cases. The indium composition in both InGaSb samples was uniform in the radial direction and it gradually decreased along the growth direction because of segregation. The growth rate of InGaSb from GaSb (111)B was found to be higher than that of GaSb (111)A because of the higher dissolution of GaSb (111)B.

Do serotonin(1-7) receptors modulate short and long-term memory?

PubMed

Meneses, A

2007-05-01

Evidence from invertebrates to human studies indicates that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) system modulates short- (STM) and long-term memory (LTM). This work is primarily focused on analyzing the contribution of 5-HT, cholinergic and glutamatergic receptors as well as protein synthesis to STM and LTM of an autoshaping learning task. It was observed that the inhibition of hippocampal protein synthesis or new mRNA did not produce a significant effect on autoshaping STM performance but it did impair LTM. Both non-contingent protein inhibition and 5-HT depletion showed no effects. It was basically the non-selective 5-HT receptor antagonist cyproheptadine, which facilitated STM. However, the blockade of glutamatergic and cholinergic transmission impaired STM. In contrast, the selective 5-HT(1B) receptor antagonist SB-224289 facilitated both STM and LTM. Selective receptor antagonists for the 5-HT(1A) (WAY100635), 5-HT(1D) (GR127935), 5-HT(2A) (MDL100907), 5-HT(2C/2B) (SB-200646), 5-HT(3) (ondansetron) or 5-HT(4) (GR125487), 5-HT(6) (Ro 04-6790, SB-399885 and SB-35713) or 5-HT(7) (SB-269970) did not impact STM. Nevertheless, WAY100635, MDL100907, SB-200646, GR125487, Ro 04-6790, SB-399885 or SB-357134 facilitated LTM. Notably, some of these changes shown to be independent of food-intake. Concomitantly, these data indicate that '5-HT tone via 5-HT(1B) receptors' might function in a serial manner from STM to LTM, whereas working in parallel using 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B/2C), 5-HT(4), or 5-HT(6) receptors.

Final report : groundwater monitoring at Centralia, Kansas, inSeptember-October 2005 and March 2006, with expansion of the monitoringnetwork in January 2006.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LaFreniere, L. M.

2006-12-07

This document reports the results of groundwater sampling in September-October 2005 and March 2006 at the grain storage facility formerly operated at Centralia, Kansas, by the Commodity Credit Corporation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (CCC/USDA). These activities were the first and second twice yearly sampling events of the two-year monitoring program approved by the CCC/USDA and Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) project managers. The initial monitoring network sampled in September and October 2005 consisted of six monitoring wells (MW1-MW6) installed in 2004, plus five groundwater piezometers (SB01, SB04, SB05, SB08, SB09) installed in 2002. The combined September-Octobermore » 2005 sampling was the first monitoring event in the planned two-year program for Centralia. The groundwater samples collected in both September and October were analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and samples collected in September were analyzed for dissolved hydrogen and additional groundwater parameters to aid in evaluating the potential for reductive dechlorination processes. After the monitoring in September-October 2005, Argonne recommended expansion of the initial monitoring network. Previous sampling (August 2004) had already suggested that this network of six monitoring wells and five piezometers was inadequate to delineate the extent of the carbon tetrachloride plume. With the approval of the CCC/USDA and KDHE project managers, the monitoring network was expanded in January 2006 through the installation of four additional monitoring wells (MW7-MW10) and one new piezometer (SB07R) to replace a damaged piezometer (the former SB07). Details of the monitoring well and piezometer installations are reported in this document. The expanded monitoring network of ten monitoring wells (MW01-MW10) and six piezometers (SB01, SB04, SB05, SB07R, SB08, and SB09) was sampled in March 2006. This March 2006 sampling was the second monitoring event in the planned two-year program. Results of analyses for VOCs showed further increases in contaminant levels and expansion of the carbon tetrachloride plume toward the south and west from the former CCC/USDA facility. The groundwater samples collected in March 2006 were also analyzed for additional groundwater parameters to aid in the evaluation of the potential for reductive dechlorination processes. Preliminary screening of groundwater parameters provided limited evidence that reductive dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride is taking place at some locations on the former CCC/USDA facility. Groundwater levels measured manually in September 2005, March 2006, and June 2006 were used to map the potentiometric surface at Centralia. Overall, these results were consistent with each other and with previous measurements, generally indicating a groundwater flow direction toward the south-southwest from the former CCC/USDA facility. Data recorders installed in wells MW01-MW06 in August 2004 are gathering long-term data on the groundwater elevation and gradient. Data downloaded in March 2005, September 2005, and June 2006 indicate that two wells north and west of the former CCC/USDA facility boundary show distinct, transient and seasonal water level variations. In contrast, two different wells southwest and south of the former facility boundary show virtually no response to the same events. The first two monitoring events of the planned two-year monitoring program for Centralia have demonstrated increased carbon tetrachloride concentrations and lateral expansion of the contaminated zone. Argonne recommends that the CCC/USDA and KDHE project managers consider development and approval of a work plan to expedite the selection and implementation of an active remedial alternative addressing the concentrated areas of groundwater contamination before the end of the two-year monitoring program in 2007.« less

Phase Segregation and Superior Thermoelectric Properties of Mg2Si(1-x)Sb(x) (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.025) Prepared by Ultrafast Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis.

PubMed

Zhang, Qiang; Su, Xianli; Yan, Yonggao; Xie, Hongyao; Liang, Tao; You, Yonghui; Tang, Xinfeng; Uher, Ctirad

2016-02-10

A series of Sb-doped Mg2Si(1-x)Sb(x) compounds with the Sb content x within 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.025 were prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) combined with plasma activated sintering (PAS) method in less than 20 min. Thermodynamic parameters of the SHS process, such as adiabatic temperature, ignition temperature, combustion temperature, and propagation speed of the combustion wave, were determined for the first time. Nanoprecipitates were observed for the samples doped with Sb. Thermoelectric properties were characterized in the temperature range of 300-875 K. With the increasing content of Sb, the electrical conductivity σ rises markedly while the Seebeck coefficient α decreases, which is attributed to the increase in carrier concentration. The carrier mobility μ(H) decreases slightly with the increasing carrier concentration but remains larger than the Sb-doped samples prepared by other methods, which is ascribed to the self-purification process associated with the SHS synthesis. In spite of the increasing electrical conductivity with the increasing Sb content x, the overall thermal conductivity κ decreases on account of a significantly falled lattice thermal conductivity κ(L) due to the strong point defect scattering on Sb impurities and possibly enhanced interface scattering on nanoprecipitates. As a result, the sample with x = 0.02 achieves the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT ∼ 0.65 at 873 K, one of the highest values for the Sb-doped binary Mg2Si compounds investigated so far. A subsequent annealing treatment on the sample with x = 0.02 at 773 K for 7 days has resulted in no noticeble changes in the thermoelectric transport properties, indicating an excellent thermal stability of the compounds prepared by the SHS method. Therefore, SHS method can serve as an effective alternative fabrication route to synthesize Mg-Si based themoelectrics and some other functional materials due to the resulting high performance, perfect thermal stability, and feasible production in large scale for commercial application.

Sample results from the integrated salt disposition program macrobatch 6 tank 21H qualifications MST solids sample

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Peters, T. B.

2013-02-26

Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) performed experiments on qualification material for use in the Integrated Salt Disposition Program (ISDP) Batch 6 processing. As part of this qualification work, SRNL performed an Actinide Removal Process (ARP) test. From this test, the residual monosodium titanate (MST) was analyzed for radionuclide uptake. The results of these analyses are reported and are within historical precedent.

5 CFR 319.302 - Individual qualifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Individual qualifications. 319.302... Individual qualifications. Agency heads are delegated authority to approve the qualifications of individuals appointed to SL and ST positions. The agency head must determine that the individual meets the...

An impurity intermediate band due to Pb doping induced promising thermoelectric performance of Ca5In2Sb6.

PubMed

Feng, Zhenzhen; Wang, Yuanxu; Yan, Yuli; Zhang, Guangbiao; Yang, Jueming; Zhang, Jihua; Wang, Chao

2015-06-21

Band engineering is one of the effective approaches for designing ideal thermoelectric materials. Introducing an intermediate band in the band gap of semiconducting thermoelectric compounds may largely increase the carrier concentration and improve the electrical conductivity of these compounds. We test this hypothesis by Pb doping in Zintl Ca5In2Sb6. In the current work, we have systematically investigated the electronic structure and thermoelectric performances of substitutional doping with Pb on In sites at a doping level of 5% (0.2 e per cell) for Ca5In2Sb6 by using density functional theory combined with semi-classical Boltzmann theory. It is found that in contrast to Zn doping, Pb doping introduces a partially filled intermediate band in the band gap of Ca5In2Sb6, which originates from the Pb s states by weakly hybridizing with the Sb p states. Such an intermediate band dramatically increases the electrical conductivity of Ca5In2Sb6 and has little detrimental effect on its Seebeck coefficient, which may increase its thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT. Interestingly, a maximum ZT value of 2.46 may be achieved at 900 K for crystalline Pb-doped Ca5In2Sb6 when the carrier concentration is optimized. Therefore, Pb-doped Ca5In2Sb6 may be a promising thermoelectric material.

Thermoelectric Power Measurements of xSb-(60- x)V2O5-40TeO2 Glasses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Souri, Dariush; Siahkali, Zahra; Moradi, Mohammad

2016-01-01

Bulk xSb-(60- x)V2O5-40TeO2 glass systems (with 0 ≤ x ≤ 15 in mol.%) were prepared by using the standard melt quenching procedure, and their Seebeck coefficients, S, were measured within the temperature range of 250-470 K. For the understudied samples, the thermoelectric powers at typical temperatures of 296 K, 370 K and 407 K were measured, and were in the ranges (-405) to (-698) μVK-1, (-394) to (-685) μVK-1 and (-392) to (-691) μVK-1, respectively. The selection of typical temperatures aims at the evaluation of the trend of figure of merit in these glasses. Based on the negative sign of S, the present glasses were found to be n-type semiconductors; also, the experimental relationship between S and C V ( C V = [V4+]/ V tot is the ratio of the content of reduced vanadium ions) satisfied the theoretical Heikes formula, relating S to ln( C V/1 - C V), and also the Mackenzie formula, relating S to ln([V5+]/[V4+]). The parameter α^' in Heikes formula was determined to be ≪1 and so the small polaron hopping conduction mechanism was certified to occur in these glasses; this result confirms the previously reported results of direct current (DC) electrical conduction experiments on the same samples. Results of thermoelectric measurements show the compositional dependence of S on Sb content and C V, indicating that S increases with the increase in Sb content; these results show that the dominant factor determining S is C V. Also, figure of merit was determined for these glasses, which show the highest value for 60V2O5-40TeO2 glass system, as a good candidate in thermoelectric applications.

Prominent metallic surface conduction and the singular magnetic response of topological Dirac fermion in three-dimensional topological insulator Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.7Se1.3.

PubMed

Dutta, Prithwish; Pariari, Arnab; Mandal, Prabhat

2017-07-07

We report semiconductor to metal-like crossover in the temperature dependence of resistivity (ρ) due to the switching of charge transport from bulk to surface channel in three-dimensional topological insulator Bi 1.5 Sb 0.5 Te 1.7 Se 1.3 . Unlike earlier studies, a much sharper drop in ρ(T) is observed below the crossover temperature due to the dominant surface conduction. Remarkably, the resistivity of the conducting surface channel follows a rarely observable T 2 dependence at low temperature, as predicted theoretically for a two-dimensional Fermi liquid system. The field dependence of magnetization shows a cusp-like paramagnetic peak in the susceptibility (χ) at zero field over the diamagnetic background. The peak is found to be robust against temperature and χ decays linearly with the field from its zero-field value. This unique behavior of the χ is associated with the spin-momentum locked topological surface state in Bi 1.5 Sb 0.5 Te 1.7 Se 1.3 . The reconstruction of the surface state with time is clearly reflected through the reduction of the peak height with the age of the sample.

Flex-rigid pleuroscopic biopsy with the SB knife Jr is a novel technique for diagnosis of malignant or benign fibrothorax.

PubMed

Wang, Xiao-Bo; Yin, Yan; Miao, Yuan; Eberhardt, Ralf; Hou, Gang; Herth, Felix J; Kang, Jian

2016-11-01

Diagnosing pleural effusion is challenging, especially in patients with malignant or benign fibrothorax, which is difficult to sample using standard flexible forceps (SFF) via flex-rigid pleuroscopy. An adequate sample is crucial for the differential diagnosis of malignant fibrothorax (malignant pleural mesothelioma, metastatic lung carcinoma, etc.) from benign fibrothorax (benign asbestos pleural disease, tuberculous pleuritis, etc.). Novel biopsy techniques are required in flex-rigid pleuroscopy to improve the sample size and quality. The SB knife Jr, which is a scissor forceps that uses a mono-pole high frequency, was developed to allow convenient and accurate resection of larger lesions during endoscopic dissection (ESD). Herein, we report two patients with fibrothorax who underwent a pleural biopsy using an SB knife Jr to investigate the potential use of this tool in flex-rigid pleuroscopy when pleural lesions are difficult to biopsy via SFF. The biopsies were successful, with sufficient size and quality for definitive diagnosis. We also successfully performed adhesiolysis with the SB knife Jr in one case, and adequate biopsies were conducted. No complications were observed. Electrosurgical biopsy with the SB knife Jr during flex-rigid pleuroscopy allowed us to obtain adequate samples for the diagnosis of malignant versus benign fibrothorax, which is usually not possible with SFF. The SB knife Jr also demonstrated a potential use for pleuropulmonary adhesions.

Probing the magnetic ground state of single crystalline Ce3TiSb5

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matin, M.; Kulkarni, R.; Thamizhavel, A.; Dhar, S. K.; Provino, A.; Manfrinetti, P.

2017-04-01

Motivated by the report of superconductivity in R3TiSb5 (R  =  La and Ce) and possibly Nd3TiSb5 at  ∼4 K, we grew single crystals of La3TiSb5 and Ce3TiSb5 by the high-temperature solution method using Sn as a flux. While in both compounds we observed a superconducting transition at 3.7 K for resistivity and low-field magnetization, our data conclusively show that it arose from residual Sn flux present in the single crystals. In particular, the heat capacity data do not present any of the anomalies expected from a bulk superconducting transition. The anisotropic magnetic properties of Ce3TiSb5, crystallizing in a hexagonal P63/mcm structure, were studied in detail. We find that the Ce ions in Ce3TiSb5 form a Kondo lattice and exhibited antiferromagnetic ordering at 5.5 K with a reduced moment and a moderately normalized Sommerfeld coefficient of 598 mJ/mol K2. The characteristic single-ion Kondo energy scale was found to be  ∼8 K. The magnetization data were subjected to a crystal electric field (CEF) analysis. The experimentally observed Schottky peak in the 4f-electron heat capacity of Ce3TiSb5 was reproduced fairly well by the energy levels derived from the CEF analysis.

ELIMINATION OF THE CHARACTERIZATION OF DWPF POUR STREAM SAMPLE AND THE GLASS FABRICATION AND TESTING OF THE DWPF SLUDGE BATCH QUALIFICATION SAMPLE

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Amoroso, J.; Peeler, D.; Edwards, T.

2012-05-11

A recommendation to eliminate all characterization of pour stream glass samples and the glass fabrication and Product Consistency Test (PCT) of the sludge batch qualification sample was made by a Six-Sigma team chartered to eliminate non-value-added activities for the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) sludge batch qualification program and is documented in the report SS-PIP-2006-00030. That recommendation was supported through a technical data review by the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) and is documented in the memorandums SRNL-PSE-2007-00079 and SRNL-PSE-2007-00080. At the time of writing those memorandums, the DWPF was processing sludge-only waste but, has since transitioned to a coupledmore » operation (sludge and salt). The SRNL was recently tasked to perform a similar data review relevant to coupled operations and re-evaluate the previous recommendations. This report evaluates the validity of eliminating the characterization of pour stream glass samples and the glass fabrication and Product Consistency Test (PCT) of the sludge batch qualification samples based on sludge-only and coupled operations. The pour stream sample has confirmed the DWPF's ability to produce an acceptable waste form from Slurry Mix Evaporator (SME) blending and product composition/durability predictions for the previous sixteen years but, ultimately the pour stream analysis has added minimal value to the DWPF's waste qualification strategy. Similarly, the information gained from the glass fabrication and PCT of the sludge batch qualification sample was determined to add minimal value to the waste qualification strategy since that sample is routinely not representative of the waste composition ultimately processed at the DWPF due to blending and salt processing considerations. Moreover, the qualification process has repeatedly confirmed minimal differences in glass behavior from actual radioactive waste to glasses fabricated from simulants or batch chemicals. In contrast, the variability study has significantly added value to the DWPF's qualification strategy. The variability study has evolved to become the primary aspect of the DWPF's compliance strategy as it has been shown to be versatile and capable of adapting to the DWPF's various and diverse waste streams and blending strategies. The variability study, which aims to ensure durability requirements and the PCT and chemical composition correlations are valid for the compositional region to be processed at the DWPF, must continue to be performed. Due to the importance of the variability study and its place in the DWPF's qualification strategy, it will also be discussed in this report. An analysis of historical data and Production Records indicated that the recommendation of the Six Sigma team to eliminate all characterization of pour stream glass samples and the glass fabrication and PCT performed with the qualification glass does not compromise the DWPF's current compliance plan. Furthermore, the DWPF should continue to produce an acceptable waste form following the remaining elements of the Glass Product Control Program; regardless of a sludge-only or coupled operations strategy. If the DWPF does decide to eliminate the characterization of pour stream samples, pour stream samples should continue to be collected for archival reasons, which would allow testing to be performed should any issues arise or new repository test methods be developed.« less

Zwitterion-functionalized polymer microspheres as a sorbent for solid phase extraction of trace levels of V(V), Cr(III), As(III), Sn(IV), Sb(III) and Hg(II) prior to their determination by ICP-MS.

PubMed

Jia, Xiaoyu; Gong, Dirong; Zhao, Junyi; Ren, Hongyun; Wang, Jiani; Zhang, Xian

2018-03-19

This paper describes the preparation of zwitterion-functionalized polymer microspheres (ZPMs) and their application to simultaneous enrichment of V(V), Cr(III), As(III), Sn(IV), Sb(III) and Hg(II) from environmental water samples. The ZPMs were prepared by emulsion copolymerization of ethyl methacrylate, 2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate and triethylene glycol dimethyl acrylate followed by modification with 1,3-propanesultone. The components were analyzed by elemental analyses as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the structures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The ZPMs were packed into a mini-column for on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) of the above metal ions. Following extraction with 40 mM NH 4 NO 3 and 0.5 M HNO 3 solution, the ions were quantified by ICP-MS. Under the optimized conditions, the enrichment factors (from a 40 mL sample) are up to 60 for the ions V(V), As(III), Sb(III) and Hg(II), and 55 for Cr(III) and Sn(IV). The detection limits are 1.2, 3.4, 1.0, 3.7, 2.1 and 1.6 ng L -1 for V(V), Cr(III), As(III), Sn(IV), Sb(III) and Hg(II), respectively, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) are below 5.2%. The feasibility and accuracy of the method were validated by successfully analyzing six certified reference materials as well as lake, well and river waters. Graphical abstract Zwitterion-functionalized polymer microspheres (ZPMs) were prepared and packed into a mini-column for on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) via pump 1. Then V(V), Cr(III), As(III), Sn(IV), Sb(III) and Hg(II) ions in environmental waters were eluted and submitted to ICP-MS via pump 2.

Low-Energy Amorphization of Ti1Sb2Te5 Phase Change Alloy Induced by TiTe2 Nano-Lamellae

PubMed Central

Ding, Keyuan; Rao, Feng; Lv, Shilong; Cheng, Yan; Wu, Liangcai; Song, Zhitang

2016-01-01

Increasing SET operation speed and reducing RESET operation energy have always been the innovation direction of phase change memory (PCM) technology. Here, we demonstrate that ∼87% and ∼42% reductions of RESET operation energy can be achieved on PCM cell based on stoichiometric Ti1Sb2Te5 alloy, compared with Ge2Sb2Te5 and non-stoichiometric Ti0.4Sb2Te3 based PCM cells at the same size, respectively. The Ti1Sb2Te5 based PCM cell also shows one order of magnitude faster SET operation speed compared to that of the Ge2Sb2Te5 based one. The enhancements may be caused by substantially increased concentration of TiTe2 nano-lamellae in crystalline Ti1Sb2Te5 phase. The highly electrical conduction and lowly thermal dissipation of the TiTe2 nano-lamellae play a major role in enhancing the thermal efficiency of the amorphization, prompting the low-energy RESET operation. Our work may inspire the interests to more thorough understanding and tailoring of the nature of the (TiTe2)n(Sb2Te3)m pseudobinary system which will be advantageous to realize high-speed and low-energy PCM applications. PMID:27469931

Low-Energy Amorphization of Ti1Sb2Te5 Phase Change Alloy Induced by TiTe2 Nano-Lamellae.

PubMed

Ding, Keyuan; Rao, Feng; Lv, Shilong; Cheng, Yan; Wu, Liangcai; Song, Zhitang

2016-07-29

Increasing SET operation speed and reducing RESET operation energy have always been the innovation direction of phase change memory (PCM) technology. Here, we demonstrate that ∼87% and ∼42% reductions of RESET operation energy can be achieved on PCM cell based on stoichiometric Ti1Sb2Te5 alloy, compared with Ge2Sb2Te5 and non-stoichiometric Ti0.4Sb2Te3 based PCM cells at the same size, respectively. The Ti1Sb2Te5 based PCM cell also shows one order of magnitude faster SET operation speed compared to that of the Ge2Sb2Te5 based one. The enhancements may be caused by substantially increased concentration of TiTe2 nano-lamellae in crystalline Ti1Sb2Te5 phase. The highly electrical conduction and lowly thermal dissipation of the TiTe2 nano-lamellae play a major role in enhancing the thermal efficiency of the amorphization, prompting the low-energy RESET operation. Our work may inspire the interests to more thorough understanding and tailoring of the nature of the (TiTe2)n(Sb2Te3)m pseudobinary system which will be advantageous to realize high-speed and low-energy PCM applications.

Insulin and GSK3β-inhibition abrogates the infarct sparing-effect of ischemic postconditioning in ex vivo rat hearts.

PubMed

Helgeland, Erik; Wergeland, Anita; Sandøy, Rune M; Askeland, Maren; Aspevik, Anne; Breivik, Lars; Jonassen, Anne K

2017-06-01

Pharmacological treatment of reperfusion injury using insulin and GSK3β inhibition has been shown to be cardioprotective, however, their interaction with the endogenous cardioprotective strategy, ischemic postconditioning, is not known. Langendorff perfused ex vivo rat hearts were subjected to 30 min of regional ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion. For the first 15 min of reperfusion hearts received either vehicle (Ctr), insulin (Ins) or a GSK3β inhibitor (SB415286; SB41), with or without interruption of ischemic postconditioning (IPost; 3 × 30 s of global ischemia). In addition, the combination of insulin and SB41 for 15 min was assessed. Insulin, SB41 or IPost significantly reduced infarct size versus vehicle treated controls (IPost 33.5 ± 3.3%, Ins 33.5 ± 3.4%, SB41 30.5 ± 3.0% vs. Ctr 54.7 ± 6.8%, p < 0.01). Combining insulin and SB415286 did not confer additional cardioprotection compared to the treatments given alone (SB41   + Ins 26.7 ± 3.5%, ns). Conversely, combining either of the pharmacological reperfusion treatments with IPost completely abrogated the cardioprotection afforded by the treatments separately (Ins + IPost 59.5 ± 3.4% vs. Ins 33.5 ± 3.4% and SB41 + IPost 50.2 ± 6.6% vs. SB41 30.5 ± 3.0%, both p < 0.01), and was associated with blunted Akt, GSK3β and STAT3 phosphorylation. Pharmacological reperfusion treatment with insulin and SB41 interferes with the cardioprotection afforded by ischemic postconditioning.

5 CFR 317.502 - Qualifications Review Board certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... REGULATIONS EMPLOYMENT IN THE SENIOR EXECUTIVE SERVICE Career Appointments § 317.502 Qualifications Review Board certification. (a) A Qualification Review Board (QRB) convened by OPM must certify the executive... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Qualifications Review Board certification...

Local structure of amorphous Ag5In5Sb60Te30 and In3SbTe2 phase change materials revealed by X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopic studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sahu, Smriti; Manivannan, Anbarasu; Shaik, Habibuddin; Mohan Rao, G.

2017-07-01

Reversible switching between highly resistive (binary "0") amorphous phase and low resistive (binary "1") crystalline phase of chalcogenide-based Phase Change Materials is accredited for the development of next generation high-speed, non-volatile, data storage applications. The doped Sb-Te based materials have shown enhanced electrical/optical properties, compared to Ge-Sb-Te family for high-speed memory devices. We report here the local atomic structure of as-deposited amorphous Ag5In5Sb60Te30 (AIST) and In3SbTe2 (IST) phase change materials using X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopic studies. Although AIST and IST materials show identical crystallization behavior, they differ distinctly in their crystallization temperatures. Our experimental results demonstrate that the local environment of In remains identical in the amorphous phase of both AIST and IST material, irrespective of its atomic fraction. In bonds with Sb (˜44%) and Te (˜56%), thereby forming the primary matrix in IST with a very few Sb-Te bonds. Sb2Te constructs the base matrix for AIST (˜63%) along with few Sb-Sb bonds. Furthermore, an interesting assimilation of the role of small-scale dopants such as Ag and In in AIST, reveals rare bonds between themselves, while showing selective substitution in the vicinity of Sb and Te. This results in increased electronegativity difference, and consequently, the bond strength is recognized as the factor rendering stability in amorphous AIST.

In vitro binding of Sorghum bicolor transcription factors ABI4 and ABI5 to a conserved region of a GA 2-OXIDASE promoter: possible role of this interaction in the expression of seed dormancy.

PubMed

Cantoro, Renata; Crocco, Carlos Daniel; Benech-Arnold, Roberto Luis; Rodríguez, María Verónica

2013-12-01

The precise adjustment of the timing of dormancy release according to final grain usage is still a challenge for many cereal crops. Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] shows wide intraspecific variability in dormancy level and susceptibility to pre-harvest sprouting (PHS). Both embryo sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) metabolism play an important role in the expression of dormancy of the developing sorghum grain. In previous works, it was shown that, simultaneously with a greater embryo sensitivity to ABA and higher expression of SbABA-INSENSITIVE 4 (SbABI4) and SbABA-INSENSITIVE 5 (SbABI5), dormant grains accumulate less active GA4 due to a more active GA catabolism. In this work, it is demonstrated that the ABA signalling components SbABI4 and SbABI5 interact in vitro with a fragment of the SbGA 2-OXIDASE 3 (SbGA2ox3) promoter containing an ABA-responsive complex (ABRC). Both transcription factors were able to bind the promoter, although not simultaneously, suggesting that they might compete for the same cis-acting regulatory sequences. A biological role for these interactions in the expression of dormancy of sorghum grains is proposed: either SbABI4 and/or SbABI5 activate transcription of the SbGA2ox3 gene in vivo and promote SbGA2ox3 protein accumulation; this would result in active degradation of GA4, thus preventing germination of dormant grains. A comparative analysis of the 5'-regulatory region of GA2oxs from both monocots and dicots is also presented; conservation of the ABRC in closely related GA2oxs from Brachypodium distachyon and rice suggest that these species might share the same regulatory mechanism as proposed for grain sorghum.

Microtensile bond strength analysis of adhesive systems to Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG laser-treated dentin.

PubMed

Ramos, Thaysa Monteiro; Ramos-Oliveira, Thayanne Monteiro; Moretto, Simone Gonçalves; de Freitas, Patricia Moreira; Esteves-Oliveira, Marcella; de Paula Eduardo, Carlos

2014-03-01

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments (control, diamond bur, erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser, and erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser) on sound dentin surface morphology and on microtensile bond strength (μTBS). Sixteen dentin fragments were randomly divided into four groups (n = 4), and different surface treatments were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Ninety-six third molars were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 12) according to type of surface treatment and adhesive system: G1 = Control + Clearfil SE Bond (SE); G2 = Control + Single Bond (SB); G3 = diamond bur (DB) + SE; G4 = DB + SB, G5 = Er:YAG laser (2.94 μm, 60 mJ, 2 Hz, 0.12 W, 19.3 J/cm(2)) + SE; G6 = Er:YAG + SB, G7 = Er,Cr:YSGG laser (2.78 μm, 50 mJ, 30 Hz, 1.5 W, 4.5 J/cm(2)) + SE; and G8 = Er,Cr:YSGG + SB. Composite blocks were bonded to the samples, and after 24-h storage in distilled/deionized water (37 °C), stick-shaped samples were obtained and submitted to μTBS test. Bond strength values (in megapascal) were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). G1 (54.69 ± 7.8 MPa) showed the highest mean, which was statistically significantly higher than all the other groups (p < 0.05). For all treatments, SE showed higher bond strength than SB, except only for Er,Cr:YSGG treatment, in which the systems did not differ statistically from each other. Based on the irradiation parameters considered in this study, it can be concluded that Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG irradiation presented lower values than the control group; however, their association with self-etching adhesive does not have a significantly negative effect on sound dentin (μTBS values of >20 MPa).

Thermoelectric Properties of Pulsed Electric Current Sintered Samples of AgPb m SbSe17 ( m = 16 or 17)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Chun-I.; Todorov, Ilyia; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.; Timm, Edward; Case, Eldon D.; Schock, Harold; Hogan, Timothy P.

2012-06-01

Lead chalcogenide materials have drawn attention in recent years because of their outstanding thermoelectric properties. Bulk n-type materials of AgPb m SbTe2+ m have been reported to exhibit high figure of merit, ZT, as high as 1.7 at 700 K. Recent reports have shown p-type lead selenide-based compounds with comparable ZT. The analogous material AgPb m SbSe17 shares a similar cubic rock-salt structure with PbTe-based compounds; however, it exhibits a higher melting point, and selenium is more abundant than tellurium. Using solid solution chemistry, we have fabricated cast AgPb15SbSe17 samples that show a peak power factor of approximately 17 μW/cm K2 at 450 K. Increasing the strength of such materials is commonly achieved through powder processing, which also helps to homogenize the source materials. Pulsed electric current sintering (PECS) is a hot-pressing technique that utilizes electric current through the die and sample for direct Joule heating during pressing. The mechanisms present during PECS processing have captured significant research interest and have led to some notable improvements in sample properties compared with other densification techniques. We report the thermoelectric properties of PECS samples of AgPb m SbSe17 along with sample fabrication and processing details.

Testing of the Defense Waste Processing Facility Cold Chemical Dissolution Method in Sludge Batch 9 Qualification

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Edwards, T.; Pareizs, J.; Coleman, C.

For each sludge batch that is processed in the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF), the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) tests the applicability of the digestion methods used by the DWPF Laboratory for elemental analysis of Sludge Receipt and Adjustment Tank (SRAT) Receipt samples and SRAT Product process control samples. DWPF SRAT samples are typically dissolved using a method referred to as the DWPF Cold Chemical or Cold Chem Method (CC), (see DWPF Procedure SW4- 15.201). Testing indicates that the CC method produced mixed results. The CC method did not result in complete dissolution of either the SRAT Receipt ormore » SRAT Product with some fine, dark solids remaining. However, elemental analyses did not reveal extreme biases for the major elements in the sludge when compared with analyses obtained following dissolution by hot aqua regia (AR) or sodium peroxide fusion (PF) methods. The CC elemental analyses agreed with the AR and PF methods well enough that it should be adequate for routine process control analyses in the DWPF after much more extensive side-by-side tests of the CC method and the PF method are performed on the first 10 SRAT cycles of the Sludge Batch 9 (SB9) campaign. The DWPF Laboratory should continue with their plans for further tests of the CC method during these 10 SRAT cycles.« less

Sleep bruxism and myofascial temporomandibular disorders

PubMed Central

Raphael, Karen G.; Sirois, David A.; Janal, Malvin N.; Wigren, Pia E.; Dubrovsky, Boris; Nemelivsky, Lena V.; Klausner, Jack J.; Krieger, Ana C.; Lavigne, Gilles J.

2015-01-01

Background Many dentists believe that sleep bruxism (SB) is a pathogenic factor in myofascial temporomandibular disorder (TMD), but almost all supportive data rely on patients’ self-reports rather than on direct observation. Methods The authors administered a structured self-report interview to determine whether a large and well-characterized sample of patients with myofascial TMD (124 women) experienced SB more often than did matched control participants (46 women). The authors then used data from a two-night laboratory-based polysomnographic (PSG) study to determine whether the case participants exhibited more SB than the control participants. Results The results of independent sample t tests and χ2 analyses showed that, although self-reported rates of SB were significantly higher in case participants (55.3 percent) than in control participants (15.2 percent), PSG-based measures showed much lower and statistically similar rates of SB in the two groups (9.7 percent and 10.9 percent, respectively). Grinding noises were common in both case participants (59.7 percent) and control participants (78.3 percent). Conclusions Most case participants did not exhibit SB, and the common belief that SB is a sufficient explanation for myofascial TMD should be abandoned. Clinical Implications Although other reasons to consider treating SB may exist, misplaced concern about SB’s sustaining or exacerbating a chronic myofascial TMD condition should not be used to justify SB treatment. PMID:23115152

Reply to the Comment on "Astronomical constraints on the duration of the Early Jurassic Pliensbachian Stage and global climatic fluctuations" [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 455 (2016) 149-165

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hinnov, Linda A.; Ruhl, Micha; Hesselbo, Stephen P.

2018-01-01

Smith and Bailey (2018) (henceforth SB17) criticize methods employed in our recent study of a highly cyclic calcium (Ca) series measured through the Early Jurassic, Pliensbachian-age, marine succession of the Llanbedr (Mochras Farm) core, referred to as Mochras (Ruhl et al., 2016, henceforth R16). In particular SB17 focus on the red noise spectral models calculated in R16. Here we clarify the red noise models displayed in Fig. 5 and Supplementary Figs. 4 and 5 of R16, and comment further on estimating power spectra and AR1 red noise model spectra. We highlight effects from nonrandom data variation, sampling and pre-whitening on red noise model estimation, and concur with SB17 that red noise modeling should not be applied with a "boiler-plate" approach. Using the Mochras Ca series as an example, we discuss practical solutions that can be used for other cyclostratigraphic data presenting similar issues. In summary, whereas SB17 advocate alternative red noise models, e.g., bent power law models, we show that modest adjustments to the data can dramatically improve the fit between AR1 red noise and data spectra.

16 CFR 1209.34 - Qualification testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

....34 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS INTERIM SAFETY STANDARD FOR CELLULOSE INSULATION Certification § 1209.34 Qualification testing. (a... labelers, or importers may select samples for qualification testing of a product in any manner they desire. ...

In-plane electrical transport in n-type selectively doped GaSb/AlGaSb multiquantum wells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghezzi, C.; Cioce, B.; Magnanini, R.; Parisini, A.

2001-11-01

Results are reported regarding in-plane electrical transport in n-type selectively doped GaSb/AlGaSb multiquantum wells. In the samples, which were grown by molecular beam epitaxy, only the central regions of the Al0.40Ga0.60Sb barriers were Te doped. Low-field, low-temperature Hall measurements in the dark demonstrated the presence in the GaSb wells of a degenerate electron gas with nonzero occupancy only for the lowest miniband. A positive persistent photoconductivity effect, related to the DX character of the Te impurity, was also observed. This behavior enabled the μ electron mobility to be measured at T=10 K as a function of the nS sheet carrier density. Since the experimental data were consistent with a dominant role of the interface roughness scattering in the limiting of μ, the height, Δ, and the lateral size, Λ, of the interface roughness were determined from the analysis of the μ=μ(nS) dependence. Acceptable values of Δ were obtained, consistent with results of structural investigations in single quantum well samples of GaSb/Al0.40Ga0.60Sb [E. Kh. Mukhamedzhanov, C. Bocchi, S. Franchi, A. Baraldi, R. Magnanini, and L. Nasi, J. Appl. Phys. 87, 4234 (2000)].

Influence of nanoscale Ag2Te precipitates on the thermoelectric properties of the Sn doped P-type AgSbTe2 compound

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mohanraman, Rajeshkumar; Sankar, Raman; Chou, Fang-Cheng; Lee, Chih-Hao; Iizuka, Yoshiyuki; Muthuselvam, I. Panneer; Chen, Yang-Yuan

2014-09-01

We report a maximal figure of merit (ZT) value of 1.1 at 600 K was obtained for the sample of which x = 0.03, representing an enhancement greater than 20% compared with a pristine AgSbTe2 sample. This favorable thermoelectric performance originated from the optimal Sn2+ substitution for Sb3+ in AgSbTe2, which not only increased electrical conductivity but also led to a substantial reduction in thermal conductivity that was likely caused by an enhanced phonon-scattering mechanism through the combined effects of lattice defects and the presence of Ag2Te nanoprecipitates dispersed in the matrix.

The role of Sb in solar cell material Cu 2ZnSnS 4

DOE PAGES

Zhang, Xiaoli; Han, Miaomiao; Zeng, Zhi; ...

2017-03-03

In this paper, based on first-principles calculations we report a possible mechanism of the efficiency improvement of the Sb-doped Cu 2ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) solar cells from the Sb-related defect point of view. Different from Sb in CuInSe 2 which substituted the Cu atomic site and acted as group-13 elements on the Cu-poor growth condition, we find out that Sb prefers to substitute Sn atomic site and acts as group-14 elements on the Cu-poor growth condition in CZTS. At low Sb concentration, Sb Sn produces a deep defect level which is detrimental for the solar cell application. At high Sb concentration,more » Sb 5s states form an isolated half-filled intermediate band at 0.5 eV above the valence band maximum which will increase the photocurrent as well as the solar cell efficiency.« less

Roles of Cu in the Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties in Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3

PubMed Central

Hao, Feng; Qiu, Pengfei; Song, Qingfeng; Chen, Hongyi; Lu, Ping; Ren, Dudi; Shi, Xun; Chen, Lidong

2017-01-01

Recently, Cu-containing p-type Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 materials have shown high thermoelectric performances and promising prospects for practical application in low-grade waste heat recovery. However, the position of Cu in Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 is controversial, and the roles of Cu in the enhancement of thermoelectric performance are still not clear. In this study, via defects analysis and stability test, the possibility of Cu intercalation in p-type Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 materials has been excluded, and the position of Cu is identified as doping at the Sb sites. Additionally, the effects of Cu dopants on the electrical and thermal transport properties have been systematically investigated. Besides introducing additional holes, Cu dopants can also significantly enhance the carrier mobility by decreasing the Debye screen length and weakening the interaction between carriers and phonons. Meanwhile, the Cu dopants interrupt the periodicity of lattice vibration and bring stronger anharmonicity, leading to extremely low lattice thermal conductivity. Combining the suppression on the intrinsic excitation, a high thermoelectric performance—with a maximum thermoelectric figure of merit of around 1.4 at 430 K—has been achieved in Cu0.005Bi0.5Sb1.495Te3, which is 70% higher than the Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 matrix. PMID:28772610

Roles of Cu in the Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties in Bi0.5Sb1.5Te₃.

PubMed

Hao, Feng; Qiu, Pengfei; Song, Qingfeng; Chen, Hongyi; Lu, Ping; Ren, Dudi; Shi, Xun; Chen, Lidong

2017-03-01

Recently, Cu-containing p-type Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te₃ materials have shown high thermoelectric performances and promising prospects for practical application in low-grade waste heat recovery. However, the position of Cu in Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te₃ is controversial, and the roles of Cu in the enhancement of thermoelectric performance are still not clear. In this study, via defects analysis and stability test, the possibility of Cu intercalation in p-type Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te₃ materials has been excluded, and the position of Cu is identified as doping at the Sb sites. Additionally, the effects of Cu dopants on the electrical and thermal transport properties have been systematically investigated. Besides introducing additional holes, Cu dopants can also significantly enhance the carrier mobility by decreasing the Debye screen length and weakening the interaction between carriers and phonons. Meanwhile, the Cu dopants interrupt the periodicity of lattice vibration and bring stronger anharmonicity, leading to extremely low lattice thermal conductivity. Combining the suppression on the intrinsic excitation, a high thermoelectric performance-with a maximum thermoelectric figure of merit of around 1.4 at 430 K-has been achieved in Cu 0.005 Bi 0.5 Sb 1.495 Te₃, which is 70% higher than the Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te₃ matrix.

Spectrophotometric procedure using rhodamine B for determination of submicrogram quantities of antimony in rocks

USGS Publications Warehouse

Schnepfe, M.M.

1973-01-01

A spectrophotometric procedure using Rhodamine B is given for the determination of antimony in mineralized rocks after its separation as stibine. A study of the Rhodamine B reaction points to the importance of the order of addition of reagents in enhancing sensitivity and increasing the stability of the system. The tolerance of some 26 elements is established for the overall procedure. Although the limit of determination is approximately 0??5 ppm Sb in a 0??2-g sample, the procedure is intended primarily for screening samples containing more than 1 ppm Sb. In pure solutions 0??1 ??g of antimony can be determined with a relative standard deviation of 25%. For >0??2 ??g of antimony a relative standard deviation of 15% or less can be expected. ?? 1973.

The SIST-M: Predictive validity of a brief structured Clinical Dementia Rating interview

PubMed Central

Okereke, Olivia I.; Pantoja-Galicia, Norberto; Copeland, Maura; Hyman, Bradley T.; Wanggaard, Taylor; Albert, Marilyn S.; Betensky, Rebecca A.; Blacker, Deborah

2011-01-01

Background We previously established reliability and cross-sectional validity of the SIST-M (Structured Interview and Scoring Tool–Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center), a shortened version of an instrument shown to predict progression to Alzheimer disease (AD), even among persons with very mild cognitive impairment (vMCI). Objective To test predictive validity of the SIST-M. Methods Participants were 342 community-dwelling, non-demented older adults in a longitudinal study. Baseline Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) ratings were determined by either: 1) clinician interviews or 2) a previously developed computer algorithm based on 60 questions (of a possible 131) extracted from clinician interviews. We developed age+gender+education-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models using CDR-sum-of-boxes (CDR-SB) as the predictor, where CDR-SB was determined by either clinician interview or algorithm; models were run for the full sample (n=342) and among those jointly classified as vMCI using clinician- and algorithm-based CDR ratings (n=156). We directly compared predictive accuracy using time-dependent Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Results AD hazard ratios (HRs) were similar for clinician-based and algorithm-based CDR-SB: for a 1-point increment in CDR-SB, respective HRs (95% CI)=3.1 (2.5,3.9) and 2.8 (2.2,3.5); among those with vMCI, respective HRs (95% CI) were 2.2 (1.6,3.2) and 2.1 (1.5,3.0). Similarly high predictive accuracy was achieved: the concordance probability (weighted average of the area-under-the-ROC curves) over follow-up was 0.78 vs. 0.76 using clinician-based vs. algorithm-based CDR-SB. Conclusion CDR scores based on items from this shortened interview had high predictive ability for AD – comparable to that using a lengthy clinical interview. PMID:21986342

Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Patterns Before and During Pregnancy in a Multi-ethnic Sample of Asian Women in Singapore.

PubMed

Padmapriya, N; Shen, Liang; Soh, Shu-E; Shen, Zhe; Kwek, Kenneth; Godfrey, Keith M; Gluckman, Peter D; Chong, Yap-Seng; Saw, Seang-Mei; Müller-Riemenschneider, Falk

2015-11-01

To describe physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) patterns before and during pregnancy among Chinese, Malay and Indian women. In addition, to investigate determinants of change in PA and SB during pregnancy. The Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes cohort recruited first trimester pregnant women. PA and SB (sitting time and television time) before and during pregnancy were assessed as a part of an interview questionnaire at weeks 26-28 gestational clinic visit. Total energy expenditure (TEE) on PA and time in SB were calculated. Determinants of change in PA and SB were investigated using multiple logistic regression analysis. PA and SB questions were answered by 94 % (n = 1171) of total recruited subjects. A significant reduction in TEE was observed from before to during pregnancy [median 1746.0-1039.5 metabolic equivalent task (MET) min/week, p < 0.001]. The proportion of women insufficiently active (<600 MET-min/week) increased from 19.0 to 34.1 % (p <0.001). Similarly, sitting time (median 56.0-63.0 h/week, p < 0.001) and television time (mean 16.1-16.7 h/week, p = 0.01) increased. Women with higher household income, lower level of perceived health, nausea/vomiting during pregnancy and higher level of pre-pregnancy PA were more likely to reduce PA. Women with children were less likely to reduce PA. Women reporting nausea/vomiting and lower level of pre-pregnancy sitting time were more likely to increase sitting time. Participants substantially reduced PA and increased SB by 26-28 weeks of pregnancy. Further research is needed to better understand determinants of change in PA and SB and develop effective health promotion strategies.

42 CFR 61.5 - Qualifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Qualifications. 61.5 Section 61.5 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FELLOWSHIPS, INTERNSHIPS, TRAINING FELLOWSHIPS Regular Fellowships § 61.5 Qualifications. In order to qualify for a regular fellowship, an...

42 CFR 61.5 - Qualifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Qualifications. 61.5 Section 61.5 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FELLOWSHIPS, INTERNSHIPS, TRAINING FELLOWSHIPS Regular Fellowships § 61.5 Qualifications. In order to qualify for a regular fellowship, an...

42 CFR 61.5 - Qualifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Qualifications. 61.5 Section 61.5 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FELLOWSHIPS, INTERNSHIPS, TRAINING FELLOWSHIPS Regular Fellowships § 61.5 Qualifications. In order to qualify for a regular fellowship, an...

42 CFR 61.5 - Qualifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Qualifications. 61.5 Section 61.5 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FELLOWSHIPS, INTERNSHIPS, TRAINING FELLOWSHIPS Regular Fellowships § 61.5 Qualifications. In order to qualify for a regular fellowship, an...

42 CFR 61.5 - Qualifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Qualifications. 61.5 Section 61.5 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FELLOWSHIPS, INTERNSHIPS, TRAINING FELLOWSHIPS Regular Fellowships § 61.5 Qualifications. In order to qualify for a regular fellowship, an...

In vitro-in vivo activity relationship of substituted benzimidazole cell division inhibitors with activity against Mycobacteria tuberculosis

PubMed Central

Knudson, Susan E.; Kumar, Kunal; Awasthi, Divya; Ojima, Iwao; Slayden, Richard A.

2014-01-01

Structure based drug design was used to develop a compound library of novel 2,5,6- and 2,5,7-trisubstituted benzimidazoles. Three structural analogs, SB-P1G10, SB-P8B2 and SB-P3G2 were selected from this library based on previous studies for advanced study. In vitro studies revealed that SB-P8B2 and SB-P3G2 had sigmoidal kill-curves while in contrast SB-P1G10 showed a narrow zonal susceptibility. The in vitro studies also demonstrated that exposure to SB-P8B2 or SB-P3G2 was bactericidal, while SB-P1G10 treatment never resulted in complete killing. The dose curves for the three compounds against clinical isolates were comparable to their respective dose curves in the laboratory strain of M. tuberculosis. SB-P8B2 and SB-P3G2 exhibited antibacterial activity against non-replicating bacilli under low oxygen conditions. SB-P3G2 and SB-P1G10 were assessed in acute short-term animal models of tuberculosis, which showed that SB-P3G2 treatment demonstrated activity against M. tuberculosis. Together, these studies reveal an in vitro- in vivo relationship of the 2,5,6-trisubstituted benzimidazoles that serves as a criterion for advancing this class of cell division inhibitors into more resource intensive in vivo efficacy models such as the long-term murine model of tuberculosis and Pre-IND PK/PD studies. Specifically, these studies are the first demonstration of efficacy and an in vitro–in vivo activity relationship for 2,5,6-trisubstituted benzimidazoles. The in vivo activity presented in this manuscript substantiates this class of cell division inhibitors as having potency and efficacy against M. tuberculosis. PMID:24746463

Photoreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methane Over Sb1.5Sn8.5-x Ti x O19.0 with High Conductivity.

PubMed

Do, Jeong Yeon; Kwak, Byeong Sub; Kang, Misook

2018-09-01

In order to enhance the photoreduction of CO2 to CH4, a new type of photocatalyst, Sb1.5Sn8.5-xTixO19.0, with high conductivity and low bandgap was developed by partially incorporating Ti into the framework of Sb1.5Sn8.5O19.0 (antimony-doped tin oxide, ATO) using a controlled hydrothermal method. XRD and TEM analyses indicated that the Sb1.5Sn8.5-xTixO19.0 particles exhibited a tetragonal crystal structure and were approximately 20 nm in size. Furthermore, the bandgap and conductivity of these materials increased with increasing Ti content. A study of the photoreduction of CO2 with H2O revealed a remarkable increase in the generation of CH4 over the Sb1.5Sn8.5-xTixO19.0 catalysts. In particular, CH4 generation was the highest when Sb1.5Sn8.5Ti1.0O19.0 was used as the photocatalyst, and was three-fold higher than that achieved by using anatase TiO2. Photoluminescence studies showed that the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the Sb1.5Sn8.5-xTixO19.0 materials could be attributed to the interfacial transfer of photogenerated charges, which led to an effective charge separation and inhibition of the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole (e-/h+) pairs.

Preparation and Thermoelectric Properties of Semiconcucting Zn(sub 4) Sb(sub 3)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Caillat, T.; Fleurial, J. P.; Barshchevsky, A.

1996-01-01

Hot-pressed samples fothe semiconducting compound Beta - Zn(sub 4) Sb(sub 3) were prepared and characterized by x-ray and microprobe analysis. Some physical properties of Beta - Zn(sub 4) Sb(sub 3) were determined and its thermoelectric properties measured between room temperature and 650K.

Yb5Ga2Sb6: a mixed valent and narrow-band gap material in the RE5M2X6 family.

PubMed

Subbarao, Udumula; Sarkar, Sumanta; Gudelli, Vijay Kumar; Kanchana, V; Vaitheeswaran, G; Peter, Sebastian C

2013-12-02

A new compound Yb5Ga2Sb6 was synthesized by the metal flux technique as well as high frequency induction heating. Yb5Ga2Sb6 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbam (no. 55), in the Ba5Al2Bi6 structure type, with a unit cell of a = 7.2769(2) Å, b = 22.9102(5) Å, c = 4.3984(14) Å, and Z = 2. Yb5Ga2Sb6 has an anisotropic structure with infinite anionic double chains (Ga2Sb6)(10-) cross-linked by Yb(2+) and Yb(3+) ions. Each single chain is made of corner-sharing GaSb4 tetrahedra. Two such chains are bridged by Sb2 groups to form double chains of 1/∞ [Ga2Sb6(10-)]. The compound satisfies the classical Zintl-Klemm concept and is a narrow band gap semiconductor with an energy gap of around 0.36 eV calculated from the electrical resistivity data corroborating with the experimental absorption studies in the IR region (0.3 eV). Magnetic measurements suggest Yb atoms in Yb5Ga2Sb6 exist in the mixed valent state. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility data follows the Curie-Weiss behavior above 100 K and no magnetic ordering was observed down to 2 K. Experiments are accompanied by all electron full-potential linear augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) calculations based on density functional theory to calculate the electronic structure and density of states. The calculated band structure shows a weak overlap of valence band and conduction band resulting in a pseudo gap in the density of states revealing semimetallic character.

Comparison of accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior, and light- and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity in white- and blue-collar workers in a Japanese manufacturing plant.

PubMed

Fukushima, Noritoshi; Kitabayashi, Makiko; Kikuchi, Hiroyuki; Sasai, Hiroyuki; Oka, Koichiro; Nakata, Yoshio; Tanaka, Shigeho; Inoue, Shigeru

2018-05-25

The times spent in sedentary behavior (SB) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) are independently associated with health outcomes; however, objective data on physical activity levels including SB among different occupations is limited. We compared accelerometer-measured times spent in SB, light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and MVPA, and the patterns associated with prolonged bouts of SB between white- and blue-collar workers. The study population consisted of 102 full-time plant workers (54 white-collar and 48 blue-collar) who wore a triaxial accelerometer during waking hours for 5 working days. Accelerometer-measured activity levels were categorized as SB (≤1.5 metabolic equivalents (METs)), LPA (1.6-2.9 METs), and MVPA (≥3.0 METs). A sedentary bout was defined as consecutive minutes during which the accelerometer registered less than ≤1.5 METs. Accelerometer variables were compared between white- and blue-collar workers through analysis of covariance. During working hours, white-collar workers spent significantly more time in SB and less time in LPA than blue-collar workers (SB: 6.4 h vs. 4.8 h, 73% vs. 55% of total work time; LPA: 1.9 h vs. 3.5 h, 22% vs. 40% of total work time, p<.001), whereas the MVPA time was similar between the groups. White-collar workers spent significantly more SB time in prolonged sedentary bouts (≥30 min) compared to blue-collar workers. During leisure time, the SB, LPA, and MVPA times were similar between the groups. White-collar workers have significantly longer SB times than blue-collar workers during work hours, and do not compensate for their excess SB during work by reducing SB during leisure time.

Fermi Level Unpinning of GaSb (100) using Plasma Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

of high-/GaSb semiconductor interface. GaSb has a highly reactive surface and on exposure to air it will form a native oxide layer composed of Ga2O3 ...and Sb2O3 2GaSb+3O2→ Ga2O3 +Sb2O3. The Sb2O3 can fur- ther react with the GaSb surface forming elemental Sb and Ga2O3 Sb2O3+2GaSb→ Ga2O3 +4Sb.5,6...rights_and_permissions mentioned before, Sb2O3 reacts with GaSb forming Ga2O3 and elemental Sb.6 The kinetics of this reaction is enhanced at higher temperatures200 °C.14

Secretomic survey of Trichoderma harzianum grown on plant biomass substrates.

PubMed

Gómez-Mendoza, Diana Paola; Junqueira, Magno; do Vale, Luis Henrique Ferreira; Domont, Gilberto Barbosa; Ferreira Filho, Edivaldo Ximenes; Sousa, Marcelo Valle de; Ricart, Carlos André Ornelas

2014-04-04

The present work aims at characterizing T. harzianum secretome when the fungus is grown in synthetic medium supplemented with one of the four substrates: glucose, cellulose, xylan, and sugarcane bagasse (SB). The characterization was done by enzymatic assays and proteomic analysis using 2-DE/MALDI-TOF and gel-free shotgun LC-MS/MS. The results showed that SB induced the highest cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities when compared with the other substrates, while remarkable differences in terms of number and distribution of protein spots in 2-DE gels were also observed among the samples. Additionally, treatment of the secretomes with PNGase F revealed that most spot trails in 2-DE gels corresponded to N-glycosylated proteoforms. The LC-MS/MS analysis of the samples identified 626 different protein groups, including carbohydrate-active enzymes and accessory, noncatalytic, and cell-wall-associated proteins. Although the SB-induced secretome displayed the highest cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities, it did not correspond to a higher proteome complexity because CM-cellulose-induced secretome was significantly more diverse. Among the identified proteins, 73% were exclusive to one condition, while only 5% were present in all samples. Therefore, this study disclosed the variation of T. harzianum secretome in response to different substrates and revealed the diversity of the fungus enzymatic toolbox.

Molecular beam epitaxy growth of high electron mobility InAs/AlSb deep quantum well structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Juan; Wang, Guo-Wei; Xu, Ying-Qiang; Xing, Jun-Liang; Xiang, Wei; Tang, Bao; Zhu, Yan; Ren, Zheng-Wei; He, Zhen-Hong; Niu, Zhi-Chuan

2013-07-01

InAs/AlSb deep quantum well (QW) structures with high electron mobility were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on semi-insulating GaAs substrates. AlSb and Al0.75Ga0.25Sb buffer layers were grown to accommodate the lattice mismatch (7%) between the InAs/AlSb QW active region and GaAs substrate. Transmission electron microscopy shows abrupt interface and atomic force microscopy measurements display smooth surface morphology. Growth conditions of AlSb and Al0.75Ga0.25Sb buffer were optimized. Al0.75Ga0.25Sb is better than AlSb as a buffer layer as indicated. The sample with optimal Al0.75Ga0.25Sb buffer layer shows a smooth surface morphology with root-mean-square roughness of 6.67 Å. The electron mobility has reached as high as 27 000 cm2/Vs with a sheet density of 4.54 × 1011/cm2 at room temperature.

Synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of quaternary iron selenides: Ba{sub 2}FePnSe{sub 5} (Pn=Sb, Bi)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Jian; Greenfield, Joshua T.; Kovnir, Kirill

Two new barium iron pnictide–selenides, Ba{sub 2}FeSbSe{sub 5} and Ba{sub 2}FeBiSe{sub 5}, were synthesized by a high-temperature solid-state route and their crystal structures were determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction. Both compounds are isomorphic to the high pressure phase Ba{sub 3}FeS{sub 5} and crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (No. 62) with cell parameters of a=12.603(2)/12.619(2) Å, b=9.106(1)/9.183(1) Å, c=9.145(1)/9.123(1) Å and Z=4 for Ba{sub 2}FeSbSe{sub 5} and Ba{sub 2}FeBiSe{sub 5}, respectively. According to differential scanning calorimetry, Ba{sub 2}FePnSe{sub 5} compounds exhibit high thermal stability and melt congruently at 1055(5) K (Pn=Sb) and 1105(5) K (Pn=Bi). Magnetic characterizations revealmore » strong antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor interactions in both compounds resulting in an antiferromagnetic ordering at 58(1) K for Ba{sub 2}FeSbSe{sub 5} and 79(2) K for Ba{sub 2}FeBiSe{sub 5}. The magnetic interactions between Fe{sup 3+} centers, which are at least 6 Å apart from each other, are mediated by superexchange interactions. - Graphical abstract: In Ba{sub 2}FeSbSe{sub 5} and Ba{sub 2}FeBiSe{sub 5} the magnetic interactions between Fe{sup 3+} centers, which are at least 6 Å apart from each other, are mediated by superexchange interactions. - Highlights: • New compounds Ba{sub 2}FeSbSe{sub 5} and Ba{sub 2}FeBiSe{sub 5} have been synthesized. • The crystal structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. • Both compounds melt congruently at temperatures above 1000 K. • Ba{sub 2}FeSbSe{sub 5} and Ba{sub 2}FeBiSe{sub 5} exhibit AFM ordering at 58 K (Sb) and 70 K (Bi). • Magnetic exchange between Fe{sup 3+} is mediated by either Se–Sb(Bi)–Se or Se–Ba–Se bridges.« less

Comparison of the diagnostic yield and outcomes between standard 8 h capsule endoscopy and the new 12 h capsule endoscopy for investigating small bowel pathology.

PubMed

Rahman, Merajur; Akerman, Stuart; DeVito, Bethany; Miller, Larry; Akerman, Meredith; Sultan, Keith

2015-05-14

To evaluate the completion rate and diagnostic yield of the PillCam SB2-ex in comparison to the PillCam SB2. Two hundred cases using the 8-h PillCam SB2 were retrospectively compared to 200 cases using the 12 h PillCam SB2-ex at a tertiary academic center. Endoscopically placed capsules were excluded from the study. Demographic information, indications for capsule endoscopy, capsule type, study length, completion of exam, clinically significant findings, timestamp of most distant finding, and significant findings beyond 8 h were recorded. The 8 and 12 h capsule groups were well matched respectively for both age (70.90 ± 14.19 vs 71.93 ± 13.80, P = 0.46) and gender (45.5% vs 48% male, P = 0.69). The most common indications for the procedure in both groups were anemia and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. PillCam SB2-ex had a significantly higher completion rate than PillCam SB2 (88% vs 79.5%, P = 0.03). Overall, the diagnostic yield was greater for the 8 h capsule (48.5% for SB2 vs 35% for SB2-ex, P = 0.01). In 4/70 (5.7%) of abnormal SB2-ex exams the clinically significant finding was noted in the small bowel beyond the 8 h mark. In our study, we found the PillCam SB2-ex to have a significantly increased completion rate, though without any improvement in diagnostic yield compared to the PillCam SB2.

Local structural environments of Ge doped in eutectic Sb-Te film before and after crystallization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shin, Sang Yeol; Cheong, Byung-ki; Choi, Yong Gyu

2018-06-01

Electrical phase change device using the Ge-doped eutectic Sb-Te (e.g., Ge1Sb8Te2) film is known to exhibit improved energy efficiency thanks to lowered threshold voltage as well as decreased power consumption for the reset operation, as compared with Ge2Sb2Te5 film. Ge K-edge EXAFS analysis is employed in this study in an effort to elucidate such merits of Ge1Sb8Te2 film in connection with its local atomic arrangements. It is then verified that a Ge atom is four-fold coordinated in its nearest-neighboring shell both in the as-deposited and in the annealed films. It needs to be highlighted that approximately two Sb atoms constitute the Ge tetrahedral units in its amorphous state; however, after being crystallized, heteropolar Ge-Sb bonds hardly exist in this Ge1Sb8Te2 film. It has been known that crystallization temperature and activation energy for crystallization of this Ge1Sb8Te2 composition are greater than those of Ge2Sb2Te5 composition. In addition, these two phase change materials exhibit distinctly different crystallization mechanisms, i.e., nucleation-dominant for Ge2Sb2Te5 film but growth-dominant for Ge1Sb8Te2 film. These discrepancies in the crystallization-related properties are delineated in terms of the local structural changes verified from the present EXAFS analysis.

Ion beam irradiation effect on thermoelectric properties of Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fu, Gaosheng; Zuo, Lei; Lian, Jie; Wang, Yongqiang; Chen, Jie; Longtin, Jon; Xiao, Zhigang

2015-09-01

Thermoelectric energy harvesting is a very promising application in nuclear power plants for self-maintained wireless sensors. However, the effects of intensive radiation on the performance of thermoelectric materials under relevant reactor environments such as energetic neutrons are not fully understood. In this work, radiation effects of bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) and antimony telluride (Sb2Te3) thermoelectric thin film samples prepared by E-beam evaporation are investigated using Ne2+ ion irradiations at different fluences of 5 × 1014, 1015, 5 × 1015 and 1016 ions/cm2 with the focus on the transport and structural properties. Electrical conductivities, Seebeck coefficients and power factors are characterized as ion fluence changes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the samples are obtained to assess how phase and microstructure influence the transport properties. Carrier concentration and Hall mobility are obtained from Hall effect measurements, which provide further insight into the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient mechanisms. Positive effects of ion irradiations from Ne2+ on thermoelectric material property are observed to increase the power factor to 208% for Bi2Te3 and 337% for Sb2Te3 materials between fluence of 1 and 5 × 1015 cm2, due to the increasing of the electrical conductivity as a result of ionization radiation-enhanced crystallinity. However, under a higher fluence, 5 × 1015 cm2 in this case, the power factor starts to decrease accordingly, limiting the enhancements of thermoelectric materials properties under intensive radiation environment.

The Effects of Excess Co on the Phase Composition and Thermoelectric Properties of Half-Heusler NbCoSb.

PubMed

Huang, Lihong; Wang, Junchen; Chen, Xi; He, Ran; Shuai, Jing; Zhang, Jianjun; Zhang, Qinyong; Ren, Zhifeng

2018-05-11

NbCoSb with nominal 19 valence electrons, and is supposed to be metallic, has recently been reported to also exhibit the thermoelectric properties of a heavily doped n-type semiconductor. In this study, we prepared Co-rich NbCo 1+ x Sb samples ( x = 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5), and their phase compositions, microstructures and thermoelectric properties were investigated. The Seebeck coefficient increased a great deal with increasing x , due to decreasing carrier concentration, and the total thermal conductivity reduced mainly because of declining κ e . Finally, a peak thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT , was about 0.46 for NbCo 1.3 Sb at 973 K. This enhancement was mainly attributed to the reduction of electric thermal conductivity and the increase of Seebeck coefficient. The excess Co had effects on the carrier concentration, deformation potential E def and DOS effective mass m * . Adding an excessive amount of Co leads to a very high E def , which was detrimental for transport characteristics.

Reduction of [Cp*Sb]4 with Subvalent Main-Group Metal Reductants: Syntheses and Structures of [(L1 Mg)4 (Sb4 )] and [(L2 Ga)2 (Sb4 )] Containing Edge-Missing Sb4 Units.

PubMed

Ganesamoorthy, Chelladurai; Krüger, Julia; Wölper, Christoph; Nizovtsev, Anton S; Schulz, Stephan

2017-02-16

[Cp*Sb] 4 (Cp*=C 5 Me 5 ) reacts with [L 1 Mg] 2 and L 2 Ga with formation of [(L 1 Mg) 4 (μ 4 ,η 1:2:2:2 -Sb 4 )] (L 1 =iPr 2 NC[N(2,6-iPr 2 C 6 H 3 )] 2 , 1) and [(L 2 Ga) 2 (μ,η 2:2 -Sb 4 )] (L 2 =HC[C(Me)N(2,6-iPr 2 C 6 H 3 )] 2 , 2). The cleavage of the Sb-Sb and Sb-C bonds in [Cp*Sb] 4 are the crucial steps in both reactions. The formation of 1 occurred by elimination of the Cp* anion and formation of Cp*MgL 1 , while 2 was formed by reductive elimination of Cp* 2 and oxidative addition of L 2 Ga to the Sb 4 unit. 1 and 2 were characterized by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and their bonding situation was studied by quantum chemical calculations. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Effect of soil organic matter on antimony bioavailability after the remediation process.

PubMed

Nakamaru, Yasuo Mitsui; Martín Peinado, Francisco José

2017-09-01

We evaluated the long-term (18 year) and short-term (4 weeks) changes of Sb in contaminated soil with SOM increase under remediation process. In the Aznalcóllar mine accident (1998) contaminated area, the remediation measurement implemented the Guadiamar Green Corridor, where residual pollution is still detected. Soils of the re-vegetated area (O2) with high pH and high SOM content, moderately re-vegetated area (O1) and unvegetated area (C) were sampled. Soil pH, CEC, SOM amount and soil Sb forms were evaluated. Soil Sb was measured as total, soluble, exchangeable, EDTA extractable, acid oxalate extractable, and pyro-phosphate extractable fractions. Further, the short-term effect of artificial organic matter addition was also evaluated with incubation study by adding compost to the sampled soil from C, O1 and O2 areas. After 4 weeks of incubation, soil chemical properties and Sb forms were evaluated. In re-vegetated area (O2), soil total Sb was two times lower than in unvegetated area (C); however, soluble, exchangeable, and EDTA extractable Sb were 2-8 times higher. The mobile/bioavailable Sb increase was also observed after 4 weeks of incubation with the addition of compost. Soluble, exchangeable, and EDTA extractable Sb was increased 2-4 times by compost addition. By the linear regression analysis, the significantly related factors for soluble, exchangeable, and EDTA extractable Sb values were pH, CEC, and SOM, respectively. Soluble Sb increase was mainly related to pH rise. Exchangeable Sb should be bound by SOM-metal complex and increased with CEC. EDTA extractable fraction should be increased with increase of SOM as SOM-Fe associated Sb complex. From these results, it was shown that increase of SOM under natural conditions or application of organic amendment under remediation process should increase availability of Sb to plants. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effects of the brain-penetrant and selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SB-399885 in animal models of anxiety and depression.

PubMed

Wesołowska, Anna; Nikiforuk, Agnieszka

2007-04-01

The effects of a selective 5-HT(6) receptor antagonist, SB-399885 (N-[3,5-dichloro-2-(methoxy)phenyl]-4-(methoxy)-3-(1-piperazinyl)benzenesulfonamide), were evaluated in behavioural tests sensitive to clinically effective anxiolytic- and antidepressant-compounds using diazepam and imipramine as reference drugs. In the Vogel conflict drinking test in rats, SB-399885 (1-3mg/kg i.p.) caused an anxiolytic-like activity comparable to that of diazepam (2.5-5mg/kg i.p.). An anxiolytic-like effect was also seen in the elevated plus-maze test in rats, where SB-399885 (0.3-3mg/kg i.p.) was slightly weaker than diazepam (2.5-5mg/kg i.p.). In the four-plate test in mice, SB-399885 (3-20mg/kg i.p.) showed an anxiolytic-like effect which was weaker than that produced by diazepam (2.5-5mg/kg i.p.). In the forced swim test in rats, SB-399885 (10mg/kg i.p.) significantly shortened the immobility time and the effect was stronger than that of imipramine (30mg/kg i.p.). In the forced swim test in mice, SB-399885 (20-30mg/kg i.p.) had an anti-immobility action, comparable to imipramine (30mg/kg i.p.) and also in the tail suspension test in mice, SB-399885 (10-30mg/kg i.p.) had an antidepressant-like effect, though was weaker than imipramine (10-20mg/kg i.p.). The tested 5-HT(6) antagonist (3-20mg/kg i.p.) shortened the walking time of rats in the open field test and, at a dose of 30mg/kg i.p. reduced the locomotor activity of mice. SB-399885 (in doses up to 30mg/kg i.p.) did not affect motor coordination in mice and rats tested in the rota-rod test. Such data indicate that the selective 5-HT(6) receptor antagonist SB-399885had specific effects, indicative of this compound's anxiolytic and antidepressant potential.

Inhibitor effects of sodium benzoate on corrosion resistance of Al6061-B4C composites in NaCl and H3BO3 solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rafi-ud-din; Shafqat, Q. A.; Shahzad, M.; Ahmad, Ejaz; Asghar, Z.; Rafiq, Nouman; Qureshi, A. H.; Syed, Waqar adil; asim Pasha, Riffat

2016-12-01

Sodium benzoate (SB) is used for the first time to inhibit the corrosion of Al6061-B4C composites in H3BO3 and NaCl solutions. Al6061100-x -x wt% B4C (x = 0, 5, and 10) composites are manufactured by a powder metallurgy route. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of SB is investigated as a function of the volume fractions of B4C particles by using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance techniques. Without the use of an inhibitor, an increase of the B4C particles in the composite decreases the corrosion resistance of Al6061-B4C composites. It is found that SB is an efficient corrosion inhibitor for Al6061-B4C composites in both investigated solutions. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of SB increases with an increase in B4C content. Since SB is an adsorption type inhibitor, it is envisaged that an extremely thin layer of molecules adsorbs onto the surface and suppresses the oxidation and reduction. It is found that the inhibitor effect of SB is more pronounced in a H3BO3 environment than in NaCl solution. Further, the mechanism of corrosion inhibition by SB is illustrated by using optical and scanning electron microscopy of corroded samples. It is found that the adsorption of benzoate ions on the Al surface and its bonding with Al3+ ions forms a hydrophobic layer on top of the exposed Al surface, which enhances the protection against dissolved boride ions.

Placental telomere shortening in stillbirth: a sign of premature senescence?

PubMed

Ferrari, Francesca; Facchinetti, Fabio; Saade, George; Menon, Ramkumar

2016-01-01

The objective of this study is to investigate placental telomere shortening in unexplained stillbirths (SBs) as an indication of premature senescence. Placentas were collected from 42 unexplained SB (>22 weeks), 43 term and 15 preterm live births, at the Policlinico Hospital of Modena (Italy). DNA extracted from placentae was studied for telomere length by real time PCR. Standard curves were generated for telomere lengths from single copy gene amplifications using a reference DNA. The telomere length for each sample was derived based on the ratio of telomere length between the sample and single copy gene standard (T/S ratio). The mean ratio of placental telomere in term live births was 5.181 ± 3.841. A twofold decrease in telomere length was seen in SBs (over all 2.455 ± 1.239; p < 0.001). For early SBs (above 34 weeks), the T/S was 2.8884 ± 1.224 and for late SBs, the T/S was 2.207 ± 1.201, both lower than term live births (both p < 0.01). T/S remained lower both in small for gestational age-SB (2.639 ± 1.619) and appropriate for gestational age-SB (2.653 ± 1.335) with no difference between these subgroups (p = ns). T/S was lower in SB compared with spontaneous preterm births (PTBs) (6.382 ± 5.525; p < 0.01), whereas SBs telomere length were similar to those of preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM) (3.296 ± 3.599; p = ns). Substantial reduction in telomere length in SBs is indicative of placental senescence. These data provide mechanistic insights that premature aging may lead to placental dysfunction as an initiator of fetal demise in unexplained SBs.

Influence of Element Substitution on Corrosion Behavior of Bi2Te3-Based Compounds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kohri, Hitoshi; Yagasaki, Takayoshi

2018-02-01

Atmospheric water may condense on the surface of Bi2Te3-based compounds constituting the Peltier module, depending on the operating environment used. In the stage of disposal, Bi2Te3-based compounds may come into contact with water in waste disposal sites. There are very few publications about the influence of condensed water on Peltier modules. Bi2Te3-Sb2Te3 or Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3 pseudo binary system compounds are used as p-type material or n-type material, respectively. The lattice distortion will be induced in the crystal of Bi2Te3-based compounds by element substitution due to the reduction in their thermal conductivity. However, the influence of element substitution on the corrosion behavior of Bi2Te3-based compounds remains unclear. In this study, the influence of element substitution on the corrosion behavior of Bi2Te3-based compounds with practical compositions has been investigated. Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 or Bi2Te2.85Se0.15 was prepared by the vertical Bridgman method. The electrochemical properties at room temperature were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry in a standard three-electrode cell. The working electrolyte was a naturally aerated 0.6 or 3.0 mass% NaCl solution. From the tendency for corrosion potential for all the samples, the corrosion sensitivity of ternary compounds was slightly higher than that of binary compounds. From the trend of current density, it was found that Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 had a corrosion resistance intermediate between Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3. On the other hand, corrosion resistance was affected despite a small amount of Se substitution, and the corrosion resistance of Bi2Te2.85Se0.15 was close to or lower than that of Bi2Se3. From the observation results of the corrosion products, the trends of morphology and composition of corrosion products for Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 or Bi2Te2.85Se0.15 were consistent with those of Sb2Te3 or Bi2Se3, respectively. From the results of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for the electrolyte after testing, the possibility that a corrosion product diffuses to the environment including the salt was suggested in Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3. However, the amount of dissolved corrosion product was very low, and the chemical stability of the corrosion product was not changed or improved by element substitution.

Influence of Element Substitution on Corrosion Behavior of Bi2Te3-Based Compounds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kohri, Hitoshi; Yagasaki, Takayoshi

2018-06-01

Atmospheric water may condense on the surface of Bi2Te3-based compounds constituting the Peltier module, depending on the operating environment used. In the stage of disposal, Bi2Te3-based compounds may come into contact with water in waste disposal sites. There are very few publications about the influence of condensed water on Peltier modules. Bi2Te3-Sb2Te3 or Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3 pseudo binary system compounds are used as p-type material or n-type material, respectively. The lattice distortion will be induced in the crystal of Bi2Te3-based compounds by element substitution due to the reduction in their thermal conductivity. However, the influence of element substitution on the corrosion behavior of Bi2Te3-based compounds remains unclear. In this study, the influence of element substitution on the corrosion behavior of Bi2Te3-based compounds with practical compositions has been investigated. Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 or Bi2Te2.85Se0.15 was prepared by the vertical Bridgman method. The electrochemical properties at room temperature were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry in a standard three-electrode cell. The working electrolyte was a naturally aerated 0.6 or 3.0 mass% NaCl solution. From the tendency for corrosion potential for all the samples, the corrosion sensitivity of ternary compounds was slightly higher than that of binary compounds. From the trend of current density, it was found that Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 had a corrosion resistance intermediate between Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3. On the other hand, corrosion resistance was affected despite a small amount of Se substitution, and the corrosion resistance of Bi2Te2.85Se0.15 was close to or lower than that of Bi2Se3. From the observation results of the corrosion products, the trends of morphology and composition of corrosion products for Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 or Bi2Te2.85Se0.15 were consistent with those of Sb2Te3 or Bi2Se3, respectively. From the results of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for the electrolyte after testing, the possibility that a corrosion product diffuses to the environment including the salt was suggested in Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3. However, the amount of dissolved corrosion product was very low, and the chemical stability of the corrosion product was not changed or improved by element substitution.

[Sb{sub 4}Au{sub 4}Sb{sub 4}]{sup 2−}: A designer all-metal aromatic sandwich

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tian, Wen-Juan; You, Xue-Rui; Guo, Jin-Chang

We report on the computational design of an all-metal aromatic sandwich, [Sb{sub 4}Au{sub 4}Sb{sub 4}]{sup 2−}. The triple-layered, square-prismatic sandwich complex is the global minimum of the system from Coalescence Kick and Minima Hopping structural searches. Following a standard, qualitative chemical bonding analysis via canonical molecular orbitals, the sandwich complex can be formally described as [Sb{sub 4}]{sup +}[Au{sub 4}]{sup 4−}[Sb{sub 4}]{sup +}, showing ionic bonding characters with electron transfers in between the Sb{sub 4}/Au{sub 4}/Sb{sub 4} layers. For an in-depth understanding of the system, one needs to go beyond the above picture. Significant Sb → Au donation and Sb ←more » Au back-donation occur, redistributing electrons from the Sb{sub 4}/Au{sub 4}/Sb{sub 4} layers to the interlayer Sb–Au–Sb edges, which effectively lead to four Sb–Au–Sb three-center two-electron bonds. The complex is a system with 30 valence electrons, excluding the Sb 5s and Au 5d lone-pairs. The two [Sb{sub 4}]{sup +} ligands constitute an unusual three-fold (π and σ) aromatic system with all 22 electrons being delocalized. An energy gap of ∼1.6 eV is predicted for this all-metal sandwich. The complex is a rare example for rational design of cluster compounds and invites forth-coming synthetic efforts.« less

Local structure of Ge2Sb2Te5 during crystallization under pressure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roscioni, O. M.; Branicio, P. S.; Kalikka, J.; Zhou, X.; Simpson, R. E.

2018-04-01

The role of stress on the crystallization process of the phase change data storage material, Ge2Sb2Te5, is studied. When thin Ge2Sb2Te5 films are capped with Si3N4, stress is generated in the Ge2Sb2Te5 layer which causes the crystallization temperature to increase. Si3N4 films of 25 nm thickness increase the crystallization temperature from 446 K to 464 K. We show that stress predominantly destabilizes voids and increases the number of Ge-Sb and homopolar bonds in the vicinity of Ge atoms, and this makes the crystallization less probable, thus resulting in the increase in the measured temperature.

Role of antimony in the charge transport mechanisms for La0.67Ca0.33Mn1-xSbxO3 manganites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kataria, B. R.; Solanki, Pankaj; Pandya, D. D.; Solanki, P. S.; Shah, N. A.

2018-07-01

Single phasic La0.67Ca0.33Mn1-xSbxO3 (LCMSO; x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10) samples were characterized by performing temperature and magnetic field dependent resistance measurements. Present study, mainly, aims for the better understanding of possible charge conduction mechanisms responsible for the low temperature resistivity and high temperature [well above metal to insulator transition temperature (TP)] semiconducting regions. Variation in resistivity and TP with Sb5+ content (x) and applied magnetic field has been discussed in the light of the modifications in structural and magnetic lattices of smaller diamagnetic Sb5+ doped LCMSO system. Various models and mechanisms have been theoretical employed to fit obtained experimental resistivity data for the low temperature resistivity and semiconducting regions of all LCMSO manganites. It is found that low temperature resistivity minima follows the coulomb blockade model while charge conduction in the semiconducting region obeys the variable range hopping (VRH) mechanism. Variation in low temperature blocking energy, activation energy in semiconducting region and magnetoresistance (MR) with Sb5+ content (x) and applied magnetic field has been discussed in detail.

Interfacial characterization and electrical properties of Ni–GaSb contacts

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lin, Kun-Lin, E-mail: kllin@narlabs.org.tw; Chen, Szu-Hung, E-mail: shchen168@narlabs.org.tw

2014-10-06

The microstructural characterization of Ni–GaSb junctions in samples annealed at 300 °C, 350 °C, and 400 °C in a N{sub 2} atmosphere was elucidated using transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with energy-dispersive spectrometry, nanobeam electron diffraction, and grazing-incident X-ray diffraction. Only the NiSb(Ga) phase is formed at the interface of Ni/GaSb when the annealing temperature is below 350 °C. However, three phases—NiSb, Ni{sub 2}Ga{sub 3}, and NiSb(Ga)—are formed simultaneously at the interface between Ni/GaSb when the annealing temperature is increased to 400 °C, which causes a significant increase in the sheet resistance of the Ni–GaSb alloy. These results indicate that the annealing temperature of themore » Ni/GaSb structure should be maintained below 350 °C for the formation of low-resistance metal Ni/GaSb contacts in GaSb-based p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors.« less

The Big-Five Personality Traits, Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy, and Educational Qualifications as Predictors of Tobacco Use in a Nationally Representative Sample.

PubMed

Cheng, Helen; Furnham, Adrian

2016-01-01

To investigate the associations between the Big-Five personality traits, parental social class, maternal smoking status during pregnancy, childhood cognitive ability, education and occupation, and tobacco use in a longitudinal birth cohort study. 17,415 babies born in Great Britain in 1958 and followed up at 11, 33, and 50 years of age. Lifelong tobacco use status (ever/never) and current tobacco use status (yes/no) at age 50 years were the outcome measures respectively. Logistic regression analyses showed that among the 5,840 participants with complete data, whilst maternal smoking status, educational qualifications, and all the big-5 personality traits were significant predictors of adult lifelong tobacco use; educational qualifications, own occupational levels, traits Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Openness were significant predictors of current smoking status. In lifelong measure men tended to have a greater rate of tobacco use than women (52.1% in men and 49.2% in women). However, the sex effect on lifelong tobacco use ceased to be significant once a set of socio-economic and psychological variables in childhood and adulthood were taken into account. Educational qualifications and the Big-Five personality traits were significantly associated with both current and lifelong tobacco use status.

The Big-Five Personality Traits, Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy, and Educational Qualifications as Predictors of Tobacco Use in a Nationally Representative Sample

PubMed Central

Cheng, Helen; Furnham, Adrian

2016-01-01

Objective To investigate the associations between the Big-Five personality traits, parental social class, maternal smoking status during pregnancy, childhood cognitive ability, education and occupation, and tobacco use in a longitudinal birth cohort study. Method 17,415 babies born in Great Britain in 1958 and followed up at 11, 33, and 50 years of age. Lifelong tobacco use status (ever/never) and current tobacco use status (yes/no) at age 50 years were the outcome measures respectively. Results Logistic regression analyses showed that among the 5,840 participants with complete data, whilst maternal smoking status, educational qualifications, and all the big-5 personality traits were significant predictors of adult lifelong tobacco use; educational qualifications, own occupational levels, traits Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Openness were significant predictors of current smoking status. In lifelong measure men tended to have a greater rate of tobacco use than women (52.1% in men and 49.2% in women). However, the sex effect on lifelong tobacco use ceased to be significant once a set of socio-economic and psychological variables in childhood and adulthood were taken into account. Conclusion Educational qualifications and the Big-Five personality traits were significantly associated with both current and lifelong tobacco use status. PMID:26731730

Band edge tailoring of InGaAs/AlAsSb coupled double quantum wells for a monolithically integrated all-optical switch.

PubMed

Feng, Jijun; Akimoto, Ryoichi; Gozu, Shin-ichiro; Mozume, Teruo; Hasama, Toshifumi; Ishikawa, Hiroshi

2013-07-01

We demonstrate a compact all-optical Michelson interferometer (MI) gating switch with monolithic integration of two different bandgap energies. Based on the ion-induced intermixing in InGaAs/AlAsSb coupled double quantum wells, the blueshift of the band edge can be tailored. Through phosphorus ion implantation with a dose of 5 × 10(14) cm(-2) and subsequent annealing at 720 °C for 60 s, an implanted sample can acquire a high transmittance compared with the as-grown one. Meanwhile, the cross-phase modulation (XPM) efficiency of a non-implanted sample undergoing the same annealing process decreases little. An implanted part for signal propagation and a non-implanted section for XPM are thus monolithically integrated for an MI switch by an area-selective manner. Full switching of a π-rad nonlinear phase shift is achieved with pump pulse energy of 5.6 pJ at a 10-GHz repetition rate.

Efficacies of soy sauce and wine base marinades for controlling spoilage of raw beef.

PubMed

Kargiotou, C; Katsanidis, E; Rhoades, J; Kontominas, M; Koutsoumanis, K

2011-02-01

Fresh beef slices were marinated by immersion in marinades based on soy sauce without (SB) or with lactic acid (SBLA) or red wine base without (WB) or with 0.5% v/v oregano essential oil (WBO). For control samples (immersed in saline), a mean increase of 0.9log CFU/cm(2) in total viable counts (TVCs) occurred during the 24h treatment. During marination with WB and SB, mean TVC decreased by 0.7 and 0.3log CFU/cm(2), respectively. The mean decrease in TVC for samples marinated in WBO or SBLA was 1.2log CFU/cm(2). Subsequent storage of beef resulted in a rapid increase of TVC in control samples, to ≥9.5log CFU/cm(2) after 8 days at 5°C or 3 days at 15°C. Significant (P<0.05) microbial growth occurred in marinated samples stored at 5°C. During storage at 15°C TVC increased in only WB samples but the final numbers of 5.9log CFU/cm(2) were significantly lower (P<0.05) than the numbers in the control. Results similar to those for TVC were observed for Pseudomonas spp. All marinades also gave meat with significant lower TBARS values than the controls. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the toughness of the marinated samples compared to the control, except for SBLA samples which had significantly higher (P<0.05) shear force values. Marination with soy sauce or red wine marinades can evidently control microbial spoilage and oxidation of meat. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Investigation of structural and electrochemical properties of LaSrCo{sub 1−x}Sb{sub x}O{sub 4} (0≤x≤0.20) as potential cathode materials in intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Junkai; Zhou, Jun, E-mail: zhoujun@mail.xjtu.edu.cn; Fan, Weiwei

The structural and electrochemical properties of the layered perovskite oxides LaSrCo{sub 1−x}Sb{sub x}O{sub 4} (0≤x≤0.20) were investigated to study the effects of substituting Sb for Co for application as cathode materials in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). The results of crystal structure analyses show the maximum content of Sb in LaSrCo{sub 1−x}Sb{sub x}O{sub 4} to be 0.05 as a pure single phase. XPS shows that Co and Sb in LaSrCo{sub 0.95}Sb{sub 0.05}O{sub 4} may possess mixed-oxidation states. The electrical conductivity increased greatly after Sb substitution. An improvement in the cathode polarization (R{sub p}) values is observed from themore » Sb-doped sample with respect to the undoped samples. For example, R{sub p} of LaSrCo{sub 0.95}Sb{sub 0.05}O{sub 4} on LSGM was observed to be 0.16 Ω cm{sup 2} at 800 °C in air. The main rate-limiting step for LaSrCo{sub 0.95}Sb{sub 0.05}O{sub 4} cathode is charge transfer of oxygen atoms. These results indicate that Sb can be incorporated into LaSrCo{sub 1−x}Sb{sub x}O{sub 4} based materials and can have a beneficial effect on the performance, making them potentially suitable for use as cathode materials in IT-SOFCs. - Graphical abstract: The oxygen partial pressure dependence of polarization resistances for a new layered perovskite cathode LaSrCo{sub 0.95}Sb{sub 0.05}O{sub 4} at various temperatures was measured. - Highlights: • The maximum content of Sb was 0.05 mol in LaSrCo{sub 1−x}Sb{sub x}O{sub 4}. • The maximum electrical conductivity is 194 S cm{sup −1}for LaSrCo{sub 0.95}Sb{sub 0.05}O{sub 4} at 800 °C. • A rate-limiting process of charge transfer presented.« less

Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Silver-Antimony-Tin Alloys Determined from Electrochemical and Calorimetric Measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Łapsa, Joanna; Onderka, Bogusław

2016-08-01

The thermodynamic properties of liquid Ag-Sb-Sn alloys were obtained through use of the drop solution calorimetric method and electromotive force (emf) measurements of galvanic cells with a yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) solid electrolyte. The experiments were carried out along Ag0.25Sb0.75, Ag0.5Sb0.5 and Ag0.75Sb0.25 sections of the ternary system in the temperature range from 973 K to 1223 K. From the measured emf, the tin activity in liquid solutions of Ag-Sb-Sn was determined for the first time. The partial and integral enthalpy of mixing were determined from calorimetric measurements at two temperatures. These measurements were performed along two cross-sections: Sb0.5Sn0.5 at 912 K and 1075 K, and Ag0.75Sb0.25 at 1075 K. Both experimental data sets were used to find ternary interaction parameters by applying the Redlich-Kister-Muggianu model of the substitutional solution. Consequently, the set of parameters describing the thermodynamic properties of the liquid phase was derived.

Local electrical characterization of laser-recorded phase-change marks on amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films.

PubMed

Chang, Chia Min; Chu, Cheng Hung; Tseng, Ming Lun; Chiang, Hai-Pang; Mansuripur, Masud; Tsai, Din Ping

2011-05-09

Amorphous thin films of Ge(2)Sb(2)Te(5), sputter-deposited on a thin-film gold electrode, are investigated for the purpose of understanding the local electrical conductivity of recorded marks under the influence of focused laser beam. Being amorphous, the as-deposited chalcogenide films have negligible electrical conductivity. With the aid of a focused laser beam, however, we have written on these films micron-sized crystalline marks, ablated holes surrounded by crystalline rings, and other multi-ring structures containing both amorphous and crystalline zones. Within these structures, nano-scale regions of superior local conductivity have been mapped and probed using our high-resolution, high-sensitivity conductive-tip atomic force microscope (C-AFM). Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry have also been used to clarify the origins of high conductivity in and around the recorded marks. When the Ge(2)Sb(2)Te(5) layer is sufficiently thin, and when laser crystallization/ablation is used to define long isolated crystalline stripes on the samples, we find the C-AFM-based method of extracting information from the recorded marks to be superior to other forms of microscopy for this particular class of materials. Given the tremendous potential of chalcogenides as the leading media candidates for high-density memories, local electrical characterization of marks recorded on as-deposited amorphous Ge(2)Sb(2)Te(5) films provides useful information for furthering research and development efforts in this important area of modern technology. © 2011 Optical Society of America

Synthesis and Optimization of Thermoelectric Properties of Zn(x)Sb3

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Doan-Nguyen, Vicky V.

2005-01-01

High-performance thermoelectric materials are studied to investigate their abilities to optimize electrical and minimize thermal conductivities. A stoichiometric range of p-type zinc antimonide compounds was synthesized to analyze the trends in their thermoelectric properties. Zn(x)Sb3 (x=3.80, 3.85, 3.90, 3.95, 4.00, 4.05, 4.10) was reacted at 750 C and annealed at 300 C for 24 hours at each temperature. Electronic transport properties such as Seebeck and Hall Effect were measured to analyze possible trends in the set of compositions. SEM, EDS, and XRD were used to quantify both ingots and hot-pressed samples to confirm that they were single-phase and of the expected stoichiometries. Recent SEM data indicated that Zn(3.90)Sb3 and Zn(4.00)Sb3 samples were actually Zn3Sb2. In hopes of further improving the figure-of-merit (ZT) of the binary system, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, In, and Sn were used to dope (Zn(0.95)M(0.05))(3.95)Sb3.

Effects of 5-HT5A receptor blockade on amnesia or forgetting.

PubMed

Aparicio-Nava, L; Márquez-García, L A; Meneses, A

2018-01-09

Previously the effects (0.01-3.0 mg/kg) of post-training SB-699551 (a 5-HT 5A receptor antagonist) were reported in the associative learning task of autoshaping, showing that SB-699551 (0.1 mg/kg) decreased lever-press conditioned responses (CR) during short-term (STM; 1.5-h) or (3.0 mg/kg) long-term memory (LTM; 24-h); relative to the vehicle animals. Moreover, as pro-cognitive efficacy of SB-699551 was reported in the ketamine-model of schizophrenia. Hence, firstly aiming improving performance (conditioned response, CR), in this work autoshaping lever-press vs. nose-poke response was compared; secondly, new set of animals were randomly assigned to SB-699551 plus forgetting or amnesia protocols. Results show that the nose-poke operandum reduced inter-individual variance, increased CR and produced a progressive CR until 48-h. After one week of no training/testing sessions (i.e., interruption of 216 h), the forgetting was observed; i.e., the CR% of control-saline group significantly decreased. In contrast, SB-699551 at 0.3 and 3.0 mg/kg prevents forgetting. Additionally, as previously reported the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine (0.2 mg/kg) or the non-selective cholinergic antagonist scopolamine (0.3 mg/kg) decreased CR in STM. SB-699551 (0.3 mg/kg) alone also produced amnesia-like effect. Co-administration of SB-699551-dizocilpine or SB-699551-scopolamine reversed the SB-699551 induced-amnesic effects in LTM (24-h). Nose-poke seems to be a reliable operandum. The anti-amnesic and anti-forgetting mechanisms of amnesic SB-699551-dose remain unclear. The present findings are consistent with the notion that low doses of 5-HT 5A receptor antagonists might be useful for reversing memory deficits associated to forgetting and amnesia. Of course, further experiments are necessary. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Prolonged inhibition of luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels in male rats with the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist SB-75.

PubMed Central

Bokser, L; Bajusz, S; Groot, K; Schally, A V

1990-01-01

Inhibitory effects of the potent antagonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone N-Ac-[3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanine1,4-chloro-D-phenylalanine2,3- (3-pyridyl)-D- alanine3,D-citrulline6,D-alanine10]luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (SB-75) free of edematogenic effects were investigated in male rats. In a study to determine the effect on luteinizing hormone levels in castrated male rats, SB-75 was injected s.c. in doses of 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 10 micrograms. Blood samples were taken at different intervals for 48 hr. All doses of SB-75 significantly decreased luteinizing hormone levels for greater than 6 hr (P less than 0.01); this inhibition lasted for greater than 24 hr (P less than 0.01) with a dose of 5.0 micrograms and greater than 48 hr with 10 micrograms (P less than 0.05). Serum testosterone levels were also measured in intact male rats injected with SB-75 in doses of 25, 50, and 100 micrograms. All doses produced a dramatic fall in testosterone to castration levels 6 hr after injection (P less than 0.01); this inhibition of serum testosterone was maintained for greater than 72 hr, but only the 100-micrograms dose could keep testosterone in the castration range for greater than 24 hr (P less than 0.01). In another study using a specific RIA, we obtained the pharmacokinetic release pattern of SB-75 from two sustained delivery formulations of SB-75 pamoate microgranules and examined their effect on serum testosterone. After a single i.m. injection of 20 mg of one batch of microgranules, a large peak corresponding to SB-75 at 45.8 ng/ml was observed, corresponding to the "burst" effect. Levels of the analog decreased to 19.6 ng/ml on day 2, gradually reached a concentration of 4.7 ng/ml on day 7, and kept declining thereafter. Testosterone levels were reduced on day 1 (P less than 0.01) and were maintained at low values for greater than 7 days (P less than 0.05). In rats injected with 10 mg of SB-75 pamoate microgranules of the second batch, SB-75 serum levels rose to 33 ng/ml 3 hr after administration and then fell gradually to approximately 3.4 ng/ml on day 16, but a second small peak was seen on day 28. Subsequently, the analog levels decreased slowly to 2.9 ng/ml on day 42. At this time, testosterone serum levels were still significantly lower than in controls. These overall results demonstrate the efficacy of SB-75 in the suppression of the pituitary-gonadal axis. This modern luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist can possibly be used for treating sex hormone-sensitive cancers and other disorders. PMID:2205853

Prolonged inhibition of luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels in male rats with the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist SB-75.

PubMed

Bokser, L; Bajusz, S; Groot, K; Schally, A V

1990-09-01

Inhibitory effects of the potent antagonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone N-Ac-[3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanine1,4-chloro-D-phenylalanine2,3- (3-pyridyl)-D- alanine3,D-citrulline6,D-alanine10]luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (SB-75) free of edematogenic effects were investigated in male rats. In a study to determine the effect on luteinizing hormone levels in castrated male rats, SB-75 was injected s.c. in doses of 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 10 micrograms. Blood samples were taken at different intervals for 48 hr. All doses of SB-75 significantly decreased luteinizing hormone levels for greater than 6 hr (P less than 0.01); this inhibition lasted for greater than 24 hr (P less than 0.01) with a dose of 5.0 micrograms and greater than 48 hr with 10 micrograms (P less than 0.05). Serum testosterone levels were also measured in intact male rats injected with SB-75 in doses of 25, 50, and 100 micrograms. All doses produced a dramatic fall in testosterone to castration levels 6 hr after injection (P less than 0.01); this inhibition of serum testosterone was maintained for greater than 72 hr, but only the 100-micrograms dose could keep testosterone in the castration range for greater than 24 hr (P less than 0.01). In another study using a specific RIA, we obtained the pharmacokinetic release pattern of SB-75 from two sustained delivery formulations of SB-75 pamoate microgranules and examined their effect on serum testosterone. After a single i.m. injection of 20 mg of one batch of microgranules, a large peak corresponding to SB-75 at 45.8 ng/ml was observed, corresponding to the "burst" effect. Levels of the analog decreased to 19.6 ng/ml on day 2, gradually reached a concentration of 4.7 ng/ml on day 7, and kept declining thereafter. Testosterone levels were reduced on day 1 (P less than 0.01) and were maintained at low values for greater than 7 days (P less than 0.05). In rats injected with 10 mg of SB-75 pamoate microgranules of the second batch, SB-75 serum levels rose to 33 ng/ml 3 hr after administration and then fell gradually to approximately 3.4 ng/ml on day 16, but a second small peak was seen on day 28. Subsequently, the analog levels decreased slowly to 2.9 ng/ml on day 42. At this time, testosterone serum levels were still significantly lower than in controls. These overall results demonstrate the efficacy of SB-75 in the suppression of the pituitary-gonadal axis. This modern luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist can possibly be used for treating sex hormone-sensitive cancers and other disorders.

InSb arrays with CCD readout for 1.0- to 5.5-microns infrared applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Phillips, J. D.; Scorso, J. B.; Thom, R. D.

1976-01-01

There were two approaches for fabricating indium antimonide (InSb) arrays with CCD readout discussed. The hybrid approach integrated InSb detectors and silicon CCDs in a modular assembly via an advanced interconnection technology. In the monolithic approach, the InSb infrared detectors and the CCD readout were integrated on the same InSb chip. Both approaches utilized intrinsic (band-to-band) photodetection with the attendant advantages over extrinsic detectors. The status of each of these detector readout concepts, with pertinent performance characteristics, was presented.

Qualification Lab Testing on M1 Abrams Engine Oil Filters

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-11-01

UNCLASSIFIED QUALIFICATION LAB TESTING ON M1 ABRAMS ENGINE OIL FILTERS FINAL REPORT TFLRF No. 483 by Kristi K. Rutta U.S...the originator. UNCLASSIFIED QUALIFICATION LAB TESTING ON M1 ABRAMS ENGINE OIL FILTERS FINAL REPORT TFLRF No. 483 by Kristi K...TITLE AND SUBTITLE Qualification Lab Testing on M1 Abrams Engine Oil Filter 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER W56HZV-15-C-0030 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM

Objectively Measured Patterns of Activities of Different Intensity Categories and Steps Taken Among Working Adults in a Multi-ethnic Asian Population.

PubMed

Müller-Riemenschneider, Falk; Ng, Sheryl Hui Xian; Koh, David; Chu, Anne Hin Yee

2016-06-01

To objectively assess sedentary behavior (SB), light- and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), and steps among Singaporean office-based workers across days of the week. A convenience sample of office-based employees of a public University was recruited. Time spent for SB, light-, and MVPA using different validated accelerometry counts per minute (CPM), and step count were determined. Depending on applied CPM for SB (less than 100, less than 150 and less than 200 CPM), 107 working adults spent between 69.2% and 76.4% of their daily wakeful time in SB. Time spent in SB and MVPA were higher on weekdays than weekends. The hourly analysis highlights patterns of greater SB during usual working hours on weekdays but not on weekends. SB at work contributes greatly toward total daily sitting time. Low PA levels and high SB levels were found on weekends.

No Evidence of Reciprocal Associations between Daily Sleep and Physical Activity.

PubMed

Mitchell, Jonathan A; Godbole, Suneeta; Moran, Kevin; Murray, Kate; James, Peter; Laden, Francine; Hipp, J Aaron; Kerr, Jacqueline; Glanz, Karen

2016-10-01

This study aimed to determine whether physical activity patterns are associated with sleep later at night and if nighttime sleep is associated with physical activity patterns the next day among adult women. Women (N = 353) living throughout the United States wore a wrist and a hip accelerometer for 7 d. Total sleep time (TST, hours per night) and sleep efficiency (SE, %) were estimated from the wrist accelerometer, and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA, >1040 counts per minute, h·d) and sedentary behavior (SB, <100 counts per minute, h·d) were estimated from the hip accelerometer. Mixed-effects models adjusted for age, race, body mass index, education, employment, marital status, health status, and hip accelerometer wear time were used to analyze the data. Follow-up analyses using quantile regression were used to investigate associations among women with below average TST and MVPA and above average SB. The average age of our sample was 55.5 yr (SD = 10.2 yr). The majority of participants were White (79%) and married (72%), and half were employed full time (49%). The participants spent on average 8.9 and 1.1 h·d in SB and MVPA, respectively, and 6.8 h per night asleep. No associations were observed between MVPA and SB with nighttime TST or SE. There were no associations between nighttime TST and SE with MVPA or SB the next day. The findings were the same in the quantile regression analyses. In free-living adult women, accelerometry-estimated nighttime sleep and physical activity patterns were not associated with one another. On the basis of our observational study involving a sample of adult women, higher physical activity will not necessarily improve sleep at night on a day-to-day basis (and vice versa).

Carbon-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 phase change material: A candidate for high-density phase change memory application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Xilin; Wu, Liangcai; Song, Zhitang; Rao, Feng; Zhu, Min; Peng, Cheng; Yao, Dongning; Song, Sannian; Liu, Bo; Feng, Songlin

2012-10-01

Carbon-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 material is proposed for high-density phase-change memories. The carbon doping effects on electrical and structural properties of Ge2Sb2Te5 are studied by in situ resistance and x-ray diffraction measurements as well as optical spectroscopy. C atoms are found to significantly enhance the thermal stability of amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 by increasing the degree of disorder of the amorphous phase. The reversible electrical switching capability of the phase-change memory cells is improved in terms of power consumption with carbon addition. The endurance of ˜2.1 × 104 cycles suggests that C-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 film will be a potential phase-change material for high-density storage application.

The effect of chronic progressive-dose sodium bicarbonate ingestion on CrossFit-like performance: A double-blind, randomized cross-over trial

PubMed Central

Zawieja, Emilia E.; Podgórski, Tomasz; Łoniewski, Igor; Zawieja, Bogna E.

2018-01-01

Background Sodium bicarbonate (SB) has been proposed as an ergogenic aid, as it improves high-intensity and resistance exercise performance. However, no studies have yet investigated SB application in CrossFit. This study examined the effects of chronic, progressive-dose SB ingestion on CrossFit-like performance and aerobic capacity. Methods In a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial, 21 CrossFit-trained participants were randomly allocated to 2 groups and underwent 2 trials separated by a 14-day washout period. Participants ingested either up to 150 mg∙kg-1 of SB in a progressive-dose regimen or placebo for 10 days. Before and after each trial, Fight Gone Bad (FGB) and incremental cycling (ICT) tests were performed. In order to examine biochemical responses, blood samples were obtained prior to and 3 min after completing each exercise test. Results No gastrointestinal (GI) side effects were reported during the entire protocol. The overall FGB performance improved under SB by ~6.1% (p<0.001) and it was ~3.1% higher compared to post placebo (PLApost) (p = 0.040). The number of repetitions completed in each round also improved under SB (mean from baseline: +5.8% to +6.4%). Moreover, in ICT, the time to ventilatory threshold (VT) (~8:25 min SBpost vs. ~8:00 min PLApost, p = 0.020), workload at VT (~218 W SBpost vs. ~208 W PLApost, p = 0.037) and heart rate at VT (~165 bpm SBpost vs. ~161 bpm PLApost, p = 0.030) showed higher SBpost than PLApost. Furthermore, the maximum carbon dioxide production increased under SB by ~4.8% (from ~3604 mL∙min-1 to ~3776 mL∙min-1, p = 0.049). Pyruvate concentration and creatine kinase activity before ICT showed higher SBpost than PLApost (~0.32 mmol∙L-1 vs. ~0.26 mmol∙L-1, p = 0.001; ~275 U∙L-1 vs. ~250 U∙L-1, p = 0.010, respectively). However, the small sample size limits the wide-application of our results. Conclusions Progressive-dose SB ingestion regimen eliminated GI side effects and improved CrossFit-like performance, as well as delayed ventilatory threshold occurrence. PMID:29771966

The Microstructure and Tensile Properties of a Newly Developed Mg-Al/Mg3Sb2 In Situ Composite in As-Cast and Extruded Conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Montajabnia, A.; Pourbahari, B.; Emamy, M.

2018-04-01

The microstructures and tensile properties of Mg-x wt%Al-y wt%Sb alloys have been studied where x/y ratio was 1 and Sb(Al) contents were 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%, respectively. The results indicated that by increasing Sb(Al) content, not only the crystals of primary Mg3Sb2 alter from small flake-like particles to polygonal or needle-like morphology, but also the eutectic structure changes from semi-continuous network in Mg-5Al-5Sb to continuous network in Mg-20Sb-20Al alloy. The results obtained from thermal analysis revealed different peaks related to the formation of Mg3Sb2 as primary phase and eutectic structure containing Mg17Al12 + Al3Mg2 intermetallic phases. Further results also revealed that Sb(Al) additions change the solidification performance of the material by depressing the Mg3Sb2 nucleation temperature, reducing solidification range and widening eutectic area. Tensile testing results showed that with the increase in Sb (Al) content, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation values of the alloys are decreased in as-cast condition. But, significant improvement in the UTS and elongation values of the extruded specimens was attributed to the severe fragmentation of intermetallic phases and well distributed fine particles in the matrix which provided proper obstacles for dislocation motion. It was interesting to note that the fracture behavior of intermetallic particles was found to be different, while Mg3Sb2 was ductile, intermetallic compounds in eutectic regions were brittle.

Fluoride ion donor properties of cis-OsO(2)F(4): synthesis, raman spectroscopic study, and X-ray crystal structure of [OsO(2)F(3)][Sb(2)F(11)].

PubMed

Hughes, Michael J; Mercier, Hélène P A; Schrobilgen, Gary J

2010-01-04

The salt, [OsO(2)F(3)][Sb(2)F(11)], has been synthesized by dissolution of cis-OsO(2)F(4) in liquid SbF(5), followed by removal of excess SbF(5) at 0 degrees C to yield orange, crystalline [OsO(2)F(3)][Sb(2)F(11)]. The X-ray crystal structure (-173 degrees C) consists of an OsO(2)F(3)(+) cation fluorine bridged to an Sb(2)F(11)(-) anion. The light atoms of OsO(2)F(3)(+) and the bridging fluorine atom form a distorted octahedron around osmium in which the osmium atom is displaced from its center toward an oxygen atom and away from the trans-fluorine bridge atom. As in other transition metal dioxofluorides, the oxygen ligands are cis to one another and the fluorine bridge atom is trans to an oxygen ligand and cis to the remaining oxygen ligand. The Raman spectrum (-150 degrees C) of solid [OsO(2)F(3)][Sb(2)F(11)] was assigned on the basis of the ion pair observed in the low-temperature crystal structure. Under dynamic vacuum, [OsO(2)F(3)][Sb(2)F(11)] loses SbF(5), yielding the known [mu-F(OsO(2)F(3))(2)][Sb(2)F(11)] salt with no evidence for [OsO(2)F(3)][SbF(6)] formation. Attempts to synthesize [OsO(2)F(3)][SbF(6)] by the reaction of [OsO(2)F(3)][Sb(2)F(11)] with an equimolar amount of cis-OsO(2)F(4) or by a 1:1 stoichiometric reaction of cis-OsO(2)F(4) with SbF(5) in anhydrous HF yielded only [mu-F(OsO(2)F(3))(2)][Sb(2)F(11)]. Quantum-chemical calculations at the SVWN and B3LYP levels of theory and natural bond orbital analyses were used to calculate the gas-phase geometries, vibrational frequencies, natural population analysis charges, bond orders, and valencies of OsO(2)F(3)(+), [OsO(2)F(3)][Sb(2)F(11)], [OsO(2)F(3)][SbF(6)], and Sb(2)F(11)(-). The relative thermochemical stabilities of [OsO(2)F(3)][SbF(6)], [OsO(2)F(3)][Sb(2)F(11)], [OsO(2)F(3)][AsF(6)], [mu-F(OsO(2)F(3))(2)][SbF(6)], [mu-F(OsO(2)F(3))(2)][Sb(2)F(11)], and [mu-F(OsO(2)F(3))(2)][AsF(6)] were assessed using the appropriate Born-Haber cycles to account for the preference for [mu-F(OsO(2)F(3))(2)][Sb(2)F(11)] formation over [OsO(2)F(3)][SbF(6)] formation and for the inability to synthesize [OsO(2)F(3)][SbF(6)].

Treatment for GaSb surfaces using a sulphur blended (NH4)2S/(NH4)2SO4 solution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murape, D. M.; Eassa, N.; Neethling, J. H.; Betz, R.; Coetsee, E.; Swart, H. C.; Botha, J. R.; Venter, A.

2012-07-01

A sulphur based chemical, [(NH4)2S/(NH4)2SO4] to which S has been added, not previously reported for the treatment of (1 0 0) n-GaSb surfaces, is introduced and benchmarked against the commonly used passivants Na2S·9H2O and (NH4)2S. The surfaces of the treated material were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It has been found that the native oxides present on the GaSb surface are more effectively removed when treated with ([(NH4)2S/(NH4)2SO4] + S) than with (NH4)2S or Na2S·9H2O, as evidenced by the ratio of the O506 eV to Sb457 eV AES peaks. XPS results reveal that Sb2S3/Sb2S5 "replaces" Sb2O3/Sb2O5, suggesting that sulphur atoms substitute oxygen atoms in Sb2O3/Sb2O5 to form Sbsbnd S. It seems sulphurization only partially removes Ga2O3. Treatment with ([(NH4)2S/(NH4)2SO4] + S) also results in a noteworthy improvement in the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of Au/n-GaSb Schottky contacts compared to those fabricated on as-received material.

Phototransistor (PT) in the 2 Micron Region

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prather, Dennis; Sulima, Oleg V.

2006-01-01

Within the framework of the project the University of Delaware has developed InGaAsSb-based heterojunction phototransistors (HPT) structure with a large (1000 micron diameter) photosensitive/photoactive area. Two different compositions of quaternary alloys were used to provide the cutoff wavelength (50% of maximum quantum efficiency) of 2.4 micron (Type 1) and 2.15 micron (Type 2). The Type 1 HPT was composed of Al0.25Ga0.75As0.02Sb0.98 and In0.18Ga0.82As0.17Sb0.83 layers with room-temperature bandgaps of Eg approximates 1.0 eV and Eg approximates 0.54 eV, respectively. The layers are lattice-matched to a GaSb substrate. The growth started with a 0.15micron-thick n+-GaSb buffer layer and was completed with a 0.1 m-thick n+- GaSb contact layer doped with Te. The HPT structure includes a 0.5 m-thick n-type AlGaAsSb emitter, 0.8 micron-thick p-type composite base consisting of AlGaAsSb (0.3 m) and InGaAsSb (0.5 m) layers, and a 1.5micron - thick n type InGaAsSb collector. The Type 2 HPT differed by a higher bandgap In0.16Ga0.84As 0.14Sb0.86 layers with a room-temperature bandgap of Eg approximates 0.555 eV.

Sedentary behaviours among adults across Canada.

PubMed

Herman, Katya M; Saunders, Travis J

2016-12-27

 OBJECTIVES: While cross-Canada variations in physical activity and weight status have been illustrated, less is known about sedentary behaviour (SB). The aim of this study was to describe various SBs and their correlates among Canadian adults. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the 2011-2012 Canadian Community Health Survey included 92,918 respondents aged 20-75+ years, representative of >22 million Canadian adults. TV/video viewing, computer, video game playing and reading time were self-reported. Associations with socio-demographic, health and health behaviour variables were examined. RESULTS: About 31% of adults reported >2 hours/day TV viewing, while 47% of men and 41% of women reported >5 hours/week computer use, 24% of men and 12% of women reported ≥1 hour/week video game playing, and 33% of men and 46% of women reported >5 hours/week reading; 28% of respondents reported ≥5 hours/day total SB time. Age was the strongest correlate: adults 75+ had 5 and 6 times greater odds respectively of reporting >2 hours/day TV viewing and >5 hours/week reading, but far lesser odds of reporting high computer or video game time, compared to adults 20-24. Other variables associated with specific SBs included gender, marital status, education, occupation, income and immigrant status, as well as BMI, weight perceptions, smoking, diet and physical activity. CONCLUSION: Common sedentary behaviours were associated with numerous socio-demographic, health and health behaviour characteristics in a large representative sample of Canadians. These correlates differed according to the type of SB. Public health interventions targeting SB should be behavior-specific and tailored to the population segment of interest.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Karayigit, A.I.; Bulut, Y.; Karayigit, G.

A total of 48 samples, feed coals (FCs), fly ashes (FAs) and bottom ashes (BAs), which were systematically collected once a week over an eight-week period from boiler units, B1-4 with 660 MW and B5-6 with 330 MW capacity from Soma power plant, have been evaluated for major and trace elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ti, S, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Cs, Ga, Ge, Hf, Hg, Li, Mo, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Sr, Ta, Th, Tl, U, V, Y, Zn, Zr, and REEs) to get information onmore » behavior during coal combustion. This study indicates that some elements such as Hg, Bi, Cd, As, Pb, Ge, Tl, Sn, Zn, Sb, B show enrichments in FAs relative to the BAs in both group boiler units. In addition to these, Cs, Lu, Tm, and Ga in Units B1-4 and S in Units B5-6 also have enrichments in FAs. Elements showing enrichments in BAs in both group boiler units are Ta, Mn, Nb. In addition to these, Se, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe in Units B1-4 and Cu in Units B5-6 also have enrichments in BAs. The remaining elements investigated in this study have no clear segregation between FAs and BAs. Mass balance calculations with the two methods show that some elements, S, Ta, Hg, Se, Zn, Na, Ca in Units B1-4, and Hg, S, Ta, Se, P in Units B5-6, have volatile behavior during coal combustion in the Soma power plant. This study also implies that some elements, Sb and Tb in Units B1-4 and Sb in Units B5-6, have relatively high retention effects in the combustion residues from the Soma power plant.« less

Combined eating behaviors and overweight: Eating quickly, late evening meals, and skipping breakfast.

PubMed

Lee, Jung Su; Mishra, Gita; Hayashi, Kunihiko; Watanabe, Etsuko; Mori, Katsumi; Kawakubo, Kiyoshi

2016-04-01

Various eating behaviors have been linked with body weight management. However, combined effects of major eating behaviors are not fully understood. This study aimed to clarify the association of the combination of eating quickly (EQ), late evening meals (LEM), and skipping breakfast (SB) with being overweight. A cross-sectional study with standardized questions for EQ, LEM, and SB was conducted. Stratified random sampling of 5% of residents aged 20 to 80years was surveyed in a city in northeast Japan in 2011, and 4249 (84.9%) residents were analyzed. Association of combinations of eating behaviors on being overweight (BMI (kg/m(2)≥25.0)) was estimated by using logistic analysis, and odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidential interval were calculated after adjustment for potential covariates. LEM, SB, or a combination of LEM and SB was not significantly associated with being overweight. However, the combination of EQ or only EQ was significantly associated with being overweight. As the number of eating behavior practices increased, there was a linear increase in OR for being overweight. The OR of all three combined eating behaviors was higher than that of any combined two behaviors or of each behavior. This study result supports the evidence that EQ increases the risk of being overweight whether by itself or in combinations with LEM and/or SB. However, only LEM or only SB did not increase the risk of being overweight. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of in vitro chewing and bruxism events on remineralization, at the resin-dentin interface.

PubMed

Toledano, Manuel; Cabello, Inmaculada; Aguilera, Fátima S; Osorio, Estrella; Osorio, Raquel

2015-01-02

The purpose of this study was to evaluate if different in vitro functional and parafunctional habits promote mineralization at the resin-dentin interface after bonding with three different adhesive approaches. Dentin surfaces were subjected to distinct treatments: demineralization by (1) 37% phosphoric acid (PA) followed by application of an etch-and-rinse dentin adhesive, Single Bond (SB) (PA+SB); (2) 0.5 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) followed by SB (EDTA+SB); (3) application of a self-etch dentin adhesive, Clearfil SE Bond (SEB). Different loading waveforms were applied: No cycling (I), cycled in sine (II) or square (III) waves, sustained loading hold for 24 h (IV) or sustained loading hold for 72 h (V). Remineralization at the bonded interfaces was assessed by AFM imaging/nano-indentation, Raman spectroscopy and Masson's trichrome staining. In general, in vitro chewing and parafunctional habits, promoted an increase of nano-mechanical properties at the resin-dentin interface. Raman spectroscopy through cluster analysis demonstrated an augmentation of the mineral-matrix ratio in loaded specimens. Trichrome staining reflected a narrow demineralized dentin matrix after loading in all groups except in PA+SB and EDTA+SB samples after sustained loading hold for 72 h, which exhibited a strong degree of mineralization. In vitro mechanical loading, produced during chewing and bruxism (square or hold 24 and 72 h waveforms), induced remineralization at the resin-dentin bonded interface. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Prevalence of sedentary behavior and its correlates among primary and secondary school students

PubMed Central

Ferreira, Rodrigo Wiltgen; Rombaldi, Airton José; Ricardo, Luiza Isnardi Cardoso; Hallal, Pedro Curi; Azevedo, Mario Renato

2016-01-01

Abstract Objective: To determine the students’ exposure to four different sedentary behavior (SB) indicators and their associations with gender, grade, age, economic status and physical activity level. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013. The SB was collected using the HELENA instrument, composed by screen time questions (TV, video games and internet) and sitting activities on school opposite shift. The cut point of ≥2h/day was used to categorize the outcome. The Poisson regression was used for associations between the outcome and the independent variables (95% significance level), controlling for confounding variables and the possible design effect. Results: The sample was composed by 8661 students. The overall prevalence of SB was 69.2% (CI95% 68.1–70.2) on weekdays, and 79.6% (CI95% 78.7–80.5) on weekends. Females were more associated with the outcome, except to electronic games. Advanced grades students were more involved in sitting tasks when compared to the early grades. Older students were more likely to surf on net for ≥2h/day. Higher economic level students were more likely to engage in video games and internet. Active individuals were less likely to engage in SB on weekdays. Conclusions: The prevalence of SB was high, mainly on weekends. The associations with sex, age, grade and physical activity level should be considered into elaboration of more efficient interventions on SB control. PMID:26826878

The use of bacteria for detecting toxic effects of pollutants in soil and water

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Obiakor, Maximilian; Wilson, Susan; Tighe, Matthew; Pereg, Lily

2017-04-01

Microbial abundance and diversity are essential for sustaining soil structure and function and have been strongly linked to human health and wellbeing. Antimony (Sb) in the environment can present an ecological hazard and depending on concentration can be lethal. The toxic effects of Sb(III) and Sb(V) on the model soil bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 were assessed in exposure-dose-response assays and water samples from an Sb contaminated creek were analyzed for bacterial mortality. In both cases, Sb(III) and Sb(V) greatly affected the survival of A. brasilense Sp7 cells. The Sb(III) had a greater toxic effect than Sb(V) at all concentrations tested. Critical concentrations of Sb also caused variant colonies to appear, indicating both acute and sub-lethal effects, which were dose and time dependent. This work demonstrates the usefulness of A. brasilense as an indicator species to detect harmful effects of an environmental pollutant of emerging concern.

Molecular markers associated with aluminium tolerance in Sorghum bicolor.

PubMed

Too, Emily Jepkosgei; Onkware, Augustino Osoro; Were, Beatrice Ang'iyo; Gudu, Samuel; Carlsson, Anders; Geleta, Mulatu

2018-01-01

Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor , L. Moench) production in many agro-ecologies is constrained by a variety of stresses, including high levels of aluminium (Al) commonly found in acid soils. Therefore, for such soils, growing Al tolerant cultivars is imperative for high productivity. In this study, molecular markers associated with Al tolerance were identified using a mapping population developed by crossing two contrasting genotypes for this trait. Four SSR ( Xtxp34 , Sb5_236 , Sb6_34 , and Sb6_342 ), one STS ( CTG29_3b ) and three ISSR ( 811_1400 , 835_200 and 884_200 ) markers produced alleles that showed significant association with Al tolerance. CTG29_3b, 811_1400 , Xtxp34 and Sb5_ 236 are located on chromosome 3 with the first two markers located close to Alt SB , a locus that underlie the Al tolerance gene ( SbMATE ) implying that their association with Al tolerance is due to their linkage to this gene. Although CTG29_3b and 811_ 1400 are located closer to Alt SB , Xtxp34 and Sb5_236 explained higher phenotypic variance of Al tolerance indices. Markers 835_200 , 884_200 , Sb6_34 and Sb6_342 are located on different chromosomes, which implies the presence of several genes involved in Al tolerance in addition to S bMATE in sorghum. These molecular markers have a high potential for use in breeding for Al tolerance in sorghum.

High-performance thermoelectric mineral Cu12-xNixSb4S13 tetrahedrite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suekuni, Koichiro; Tsuruta, Kojiro; Kunii, Masaru; Nishiate, Hirotaka; Nishibori, Eiji; Maki, Sachiko; Ohta, Michihiro; Yamamoto, Atsushi; Koyano, Mikio

2013-01-01

X-ray structural analysis and high-temperature thermoelectric properties measurements are performed on polycrystalline samples of artificial mineral Cu12-xNixSb4S13 tetrahedrite. Analysis of the atomic displacement parameter manifests low-energy vibration of Cu(2) out of CuS3 triangle plane. The vibration results in low lattice thermal conductivity of less than 0.5 W K-1 m-1. By tuning of the Ni composition x and decrease of electronic thermal conductivity, dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit for x = 1.5 achieves 0.7 at 665 K, which is a considerably high value among p-type Pb-free sulfides. Because the tetrahedrite is an environmentally friendly material, it constitutes a good thermoelectric material for use in support of a sustainable society.

The 5-HT₂C receptor agonist, lorcaserin, and the 5-HT₆ receptor antagonist, SB-742457, promote satiety; a microstructural analysis of feeding behaviour.

PubMed

Higgs, Suzanne; Cooper, Alison J; Barnes, Nicholas M

2016-02-01

Whilst the FDA-approved anorectic, lorcaserin and various 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)6 receptor antagonists reduce feeding, a direct assessment of their impact upon feeding behaviour is less clear. We therefore examined the action of lorcaserin and the clinical-stage developmental candidate 5-HT6 receptor antagonist, SB-742457, upon microstructural analysis of licking behaviour. Such analysis provides a rich source of information about the mechanisms controlling food intake. The objective of the present study was to gain insight into the influence upon feeding behaviour of the 5-HT2C receptor agonist, lorcaserin and the developmental 5-HT6 receptor antagonist, SB-742457. The impact of lorcaserin and SB-742457 upon licking behaviour of non-deprived rats for a glucose solution was assessed using microstructural analysis. Lorcaserin (0.1-3.0 mg/kg) displayed a dose-dependent ability to reduce glucose consumption via reduction in the number of bouts of licking. A similar action was evident with SB-742457, but only at the lowest dose tested (3.0 mg/kg). The behavioural actions of both lorcaserin and SB-742457 demonstrate they directly promote satiety.

Records of anthropogenic antimony in the glacial snow from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yulan; Kang, Shichang; Chen, Pengfei; Li, Xiaofei; Liu, Yajun; Gao, Tanguang; Guo, Junming; Sillanpää, Mika

2016-12-01

Antimony (Sb) is a ubiquitous element in the environment that is potentially toxic at very low concentrations. In this study, surface snow/ice and snowpit samples were collected from four glaciers in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau in June 2015. The concentrations of Sb and other elements were measured in these samples. The results showed that the average concentration of Sb was approximately 2.58 pg g-1 with a range of 1.64-9.20 pg g-1. The average Sb concentration in the study area was comparable to that recorded in a Mt. Everest ice core and higher than that in Arctic and Antarctic snow/ice but much lower than that in Tien Shan and Alps ice cores. Sb presented different variations with other toxic elements (Pb and Cr) and a crustal element (Al) in the three snowpits, which indicated the impact of a different source or post-deposition processes. The enrichment factor of Sb was larger than 10, suggesting that anthropogenic sources provided important contributions to Sb deposition in the glaciers. The Sb in the glacial snow was mainly loaded in the fourth component in principal component analysis, exhibiting discrepancies with crustal elements (Fe and Ca) and other toxic metals (Pb). Backward trajectories revealed that the air mass arriving at the southeastern Tibetan Plateau mostly originated from the Bay of Bengal and the South Asia in June. Thus, pollutants from the South Asia could play an important role in Sb deposition in the studied region. The released Sb from glacier meltwater in the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas might pose a risk to the livelihoods and well-being of those in downstream regions.

Method of making an InAsSb/InAsSbP diode lasers

DOEpatents

Razeghi, Manijeh

1997-01-01

InAsSb/InAsSbP/InAs Double Heterostructures (DH) and Separate Confinement Heterostructure Multiple Quantum Well (SCH-MQW) structures are taught wherein the ability to tune to a specific wavelength within 3 .mu.m to 5 .mu.m is possible by varying the ratio of As:Sb in the active layer.

Bulk Thermoelectric Materials Reinforced with SiC Whiskers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akao, Takahiro; Fujiwara, Yuya; Tarui, Yuki; Onda, Tetsuhiko; Chen, Zhong-Chun

2014-06-01

SiC whiskers have been incorporated into Zn4Sb3 compound as reinforcements to overcome its extremely brittle nature. The bulk samples were prepared by either hot-extrusion or hot-pressing techniques. The obtained products containing 1 vol.% to 5 vol.% SiC whiskers were confirmed to exhibit sound appearance, high density, and fine-grained microstructure. Mechanical properties such as the hardness and fracture resistance were improved by the addition of SiC whiskers, as a result of dispersion strengthening and microstructural refinement induced by a pinning effect. Furthermore, crack deflection and/or bridging/pullout mechanisms are invoked by the whiskers. Regarding the thermoelectric properties, the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity values comparable to those of the pure compound are retained over the entire range of added whisker amount. However, the thermal conductivity becomes large with increasing amount of SiC whiskers because of the much higher conductivity of SiC relative to the Zn4Sb3 matrix. This results in a remarkable degradation of the dimensionless figure of merit in the samples with addition of SiC whiskers. Therefore, the optimum amount of SiC whiskers in the Zn4Sb3 matrix should be determined by balancing the mechanical properties and thermoelectric performance.

Tuning of thermoelectric properties with changing Se content in Sb2Te3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Das, D.; Malik, K.; Deb, A. K.; Kulbachinskii, V. A.; Kytin, V. G.; Chatterjee, S.; Das, D.; Dhara, S.; Bandyopadhyay, S.; Banerjee, A.

2016-02-01

Polycrystalline Sb2Te3-x Se x (0.0≤ x≤1.0) samples were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. The structural analysis showed that up to the maximal concentration of Se, the samples possess rhombohedral crystal symmetry (space group R\\bar{3}m ). The increase of Se content increases the resistivity of the samples. The variation of phonon frequencies, observed from the Raman spectroscopic study, depicts an anomalous behaviour around x=0.2 . The sample Sb2Te2.8Se0.2 also shows maximum Seebeck coefficient, carrier concentration and thermoelectric power factor. The nature of the scattering mechanism controlling the thermopower data has been explored. The thermoelectric properties of the synthesized materials have been analyzed theoretically in the frame of the Boltzmann equation approach.

GaSbBi/GaSb quantum well laser diodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delorme, O.; Cerutti, L.; Luna, E.; Narcy, G.; Trampert, A.; Tournié, E.; Rodriguez, J.-B.

2017-05-01

We report on the structural and optical properties of GaSbBi single layers and GaSbBi/GaSb quantum well heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaSb substrates. Excellent crystal quality and room-temperature photoluminescence are achieved in both cases. We demonstrate laser operation from laser diodes with an active zone composed of three GaSb0.885Bi0.115/GaSb quantum wells. These devices exhibit continuous-wave lasing at 2.5 μm at 80 K, and lasing under pulsed operation at room-temperature near 2.7 μm.

Interfacial Reaction and Shear Strength of SnAgCu/Ni/Bi2Te3-Based TE Materials During Aging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jing, Hongyang; Li, Yuan; Xu, Lianyong; Han, Yongdian; Lu, Guoquan; Zhang, Hao

2015-12-01

As a diffusion barrier layer, Ni is widely applied in power electronics packaging, especially in thermoelectric devices. This paper presents the variation of Ni diffusion barrier layer during aging and failure mechanisms of thermoelectric device joints. The thermoelectric joint consists of Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5 (SAC305) solder and Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric materials such as Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 and Bi1.8Sb0.2Se0.15Te2.85 during service. The result shows that with the increasing aging time, Ni layer was constantly consumed by SAC305 and Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric materials simultaneously. The reaction products are (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 and NiTe or Ni(Bi,Te), respectively. Besides, the shear strength of SAC305/Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 joint or SAC305/Bi1.8Sb0.2Se0.15Te2.85 joint gets gradually decreased and thermoelectric conversion performance gets worse. Meantime, the different failure mechanisms are also compared between SAC305/Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 couple joints and SAC305/Bi1.8Sb0.2Se0.15Te2.85 couple joints.

Exposure assessment of heavy metals in an e-waste processing area in northern Vietnam.

PubMed

Oguri, Tomoko; Suzuki, Go; Matsukami, Hidenori; Uchida, Natsuyo; Tue, Nguyen Minh; Tuyen, Le Huu; Viet, Pham Hung; Takahashi, Shin; Tanabe, Shinsuke; Takigami, Hidetaka

2018-04-15

In developing countries, inappropriate recycling of e-waste has resulted in the environmental release of toxicants, including heavy metals, that may have deleterious health effects. In this study, we estimated daily metal intakes in five households in a Vietnamese village located in an e-waste processing area and assessed the health risk posed by exposure to the metals. Garden soil, floor dust, 24-h duplicate diet, and ambient air samples were collected from five households in northern Vietnam in January 2014. All samples were acid-digested, and contents of Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Sb, and Zn were measured by using ICP mass spectrometry and ICP atomic emission spectroscopy. In addition, the soil, dust, and diet samples were subjected to an bioaccessibility extraction test to determine bioaccessible metal concentrations. Hazard quotients were estimated from bioaccessible metal concentrations, provisional tolerable weekly intakes, and reference doses. Garden soil and floor dust were estimated to be mainly contributors to daily Pb intake, as indicated by calculations using bioaccessible metal concentrations and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency soil plus dust ingestion rate. Diet was suggested to contribute significantly to daily Cd, Cu, Mn, Sb, and Zn intake. Estimated metal exposures via inhalation were negligible, as indicated by calculations using International Atomic Energy Agency reference inhalation rates. The maximum hazard quotients were calculated as 0.2 (Cd), 0.09 (Cu), 0.3 (Mn), 0.6 (Pb), 0.2 (Sb), and 0.5 (Zn), on the basis of bioaccessible metal concentrations. The contributions of Cd, Cu, Mn, Sb, and Zn except Pb to potential noncancer risk for adult residents of the five households in the e-waste processing area may be low. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

49 CFR 391.41 - Physical qualifications for drivers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Physical qualifications for drivers. 391.41... QUALIFICATIONS OF DRIVERS AND LONGER COMBINATION VEHICLE (LCV) DRIVER INSTRUCTORS Physical Qualifications and Examinations § 391.41 Physical qualifications for drivers. (a)(1)(i) A person subject to this part must not...

49 CFR 391.41 - Physical qualifications for drivers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Physical qualifications for drivers. 391.41... QUALIFICATIONS OF DRIVERS AND LONGER COMBINATION VEHICLE (LCV) DRIVER INSTRUCTORS Physical Qualifications and Examinations § 391.41 Physical qualifications for drivers. (a)(1)(i) A person subject to this part must not...

49 CFR 391.41 - Physical qualifications for drivers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Physical qualifications for drivers. 391.41... QUALIFICATIONS OF DRIVERS AND LONGER COMBINATION VEHICLE (LCV) DRIVER INSTRUCTORS Physical Qualifications and Examinations § 391.41 Physical qualifications for drivers. (a)(1)(i) A person subject to this part must not...

49 CFR 391.41 - Physical qualifications for drivers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Physical qualifications for drivers. 391.41... QUALIFICATIONS OF DRIVERS AND LONGER COMBINATION VEHICLE (LCV) DRIVER INSTRUCTORS Physical Qualifications and Examinations § 391.41 Physical qualifications for drivers. (a)(1)(i) A person subject to this part must not...

Effect of sample preparation procedure for the determination of As, Sb and Se in fruit juices by HG-ICP-OES.

PubMed

Welna, Maja; Szymczycha-Madeja, Anna

2014-09-15

Various sample preparation procedures for the simultaneous determination of As, Sb and Se in fruit juices by hydride generation inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (HG-ICP-OES) were examined. Applicability of total wet digestion with HNO3/H2O2, partial decomposition (solubilisation in aqua regia), 1:1 dilution with 2% (v/v) HNO3 and direct analysis were evaluated. Hydrides were generated in the reaction of an acidified sample with NaBH4 after pre-reduction with KI-ascorbic acid for total As and Sb, and boiling with HCl for total Se. Best results, i.e. limits of detection (LODs) of 0.51-0.73 ng mL(-1), precision (RSD) within 1.7-3.6% and recoveries for spiked samples between 101% and 106% were found using aqua regia treatment. This procedure simplifying and improving sample preparation step prior to As, Sb and Se measurements in fruit juices by HG-ICP-OES, thus could be adequate for the routine analysis in terms of the quality control of these drinks. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Thermoelectric Inhomogeneities in (Ag(sub 1-y)SbTe2)(sub x)(PbTe)(sub 1-x)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Snyder, G. Jeffrey; Chen, Nancy; Gascoin, Franck; Mueller, Eckhard; Karpinski, Gabriele; Stiewe, Christian

2006-01-01

A document presents a study of why materials of composition (Ag1 ySbTe2)0.05 (PbTe)0.95 [0< or = y < or = 1] were previously reported to have values of the thermoelectric figure of merit [ZT (where Z = alpha(sup 2)/rk, alpha is the Seebeck coefficient, r is electrical resistivity, k is thermal conductivity, and T is absolute temperature)] ranging from <1 to >2. In the study, samples of (AgSbTe2)0.05(PbTe)0.95, (Ag0.67SbTe2)0.05 (PbTe)0.95, and (Ag0.55SbTe2)0.05(PbTe)0.95 were prepared by melting followed, variously, by slow or rapid cooling. Analyses of these samples by x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and scanning-microprobe measurements of the Seebeck coefficient led to the conclusion that these materials have a multiphase character on a scale of the order of millimeters, even though they appear homogeneous in x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The Seebeck measurements showed significant variations, including both n-type and p-type behavior in the same sample. These variations were found to be consistent with observed variations of ZT. The rapidly quenched samples were found to be less inhomogeneous than were the furnace-cooled ones; hence, rapid quenching was suggested as a basis of research on synthesizing more nearly uniform high-ZT samples.

Impaired swim bladder inflation in early-life stage fathead ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The thyroid axis plays a critical role in teleost fish development. The present study investigated whether inhibition of deiodinase, the enzyme which converts thyroxine (T4), to the more biologically-active form, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), would impact inflation of the posterior and/or anterior swim bladder (SB), processes which we previously demonstrated to be thyroid-hormone regulated. Two experiments were conducted using iopanoic acid (IOP), a pharmaceutical used to treat hyperthyroidism, as a model deiodinase inhibitor. In the first study, fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) embryos (~1 day post-fertilization [dpf]) were exposed in a flow-through system to three concentrations of IOP (0.6, 1.9, 6.0 mg/L) or control water and sampled at 4 and 6 dpf. Whole body T4 and T3 concentrations were measured using LC-MS/MS. Abundance of deiodinase 1-3 (dio1-3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh), and thyroperoxidase (tpo) transcripts was examined using quantitative polymerase-chain reaction. Posterior SB inflation was assessed at 6 dpf. To examine effects on anterior SB inflation, a second study was conducted in which 6 dpf larvae, whose posterior SB had already inflated, were exposed to the same IOP concentrations. Fish were sampled at 10, 14, 18, and 21 dpf for T4/T3 measurements, gene transcription analyses, and thyroid histopathology. In the embryo study, incidence and length of inflated posterior SBs were significantly reduced in the 6.0 mg/L treatment at 6 dp

Growth and characterization of In1-xGaxAs/InAs0.65Sb0.35 strained layer superlattice infrared detectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ariyawansa, G.; Duran, J. M.; Reyner, C. J.; Steenbergen, E. H.; Yoon, N.; Wasserman, D.; Scheihing, J. E.

2017-02-01

Type-II strained layer superlattices (SLS) are an active research topic in the infrared detector community and applications for SLS detectors continue to grow. SLS detector technology has already reached the commercial market due to improvements in material quality, device design, and device fabrication. Despite this progress, the optimal superlattice design has not been established, and at various times has been believed to be InAs/GaSb, InAs/InGaSb, or InAs/InAsSb. Building on these, we investigate the properties of a new mid-wave infrared SLS material: InGaAs/InAsSb SLS. The ternary InGaAs/InAsSb SLS has three main advantages over other SLS designs: greater support for strain compensation, enhanced absorption due to increased electron-hole wavefunction overlap, and improved vertical hole mobility due to reduced hole effective mass. Here, we compare three ternary SLSs, with approximately the same bandgap (0.240 eV at 150 K), comprised of Ga fractions of 5%, 10%, and 20% to a reference sample with 0% Ga. Enhanced absorption is both theoretically predicted and experimentally realized. Furthermore, the characteristics of ternary SLS infrared detectors based on an nBn architecture are reported and exhibit nearly state-of-the-art dark current performance with minimal growth optimization. We report standard material and device characterization information, including dark current and external quantum efficiency, and provide further analysis that indicates improved quantum efficiency and vertical hole mobility. Finally, a 320×256 focal plane array built based on the In0.8Ga0.2As/InAs0.65Sb0.35 SLS design is demonstrated with promising performance.

Incorporation of preservatives in polylactic acid films for inactivating Escherichia coli O157:H7 and extending microbiological shelf life of strawberry puree.

PubMed

Jin, Tony; Zhang, Howard; Boyd, Glenn

2010-05-01

Antimicrobial films of polylactic acid polymer incorporated with nisin, EDTA, sodium benzoate (SB), potassium sorbate (PS), and their combinations were developed, and their antimicrobial effects on the inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and natural background microflora (total aerobic bacteria, molds, and yeasts) in strawberry puree at 10 and 22 degrees C were determined. Direct addition of SB+PS to strawberry puree was also used as a comparison with SB+PS film treatment. The combination treatment reduced the cell populations of E. coli O157:H7 from 3.5 log CFU/ml to undetectable levels (<1 CFU/ml) after 14 days and 1 day at 10 and 22 degrees C, respectively, while the cells of E. coli O157:H7 in control samples survived up to 48 days at 10 degrees C and more than 14 days at 22 degrees C. The SB+PS film treatment produced a greater reduction of population of E. coli O157:H7 cells than did the SB+PS direct addition treatment. Similar results were observed for inactivation of natural microflora. In general, the antimicrobial effect was in the following order: film combination > SB+PS film > SB+PS direct addition > EDTA film > nisin film. The data obtained in this study suggest two approaches toward the development of control interventions against E. coli O157:H7 and extension of the microbiological shelf life of strawberry puree: (i) using antimicrobial packaging and (ii) using combinations of preservatives. The film formulas developed here can be used to make bottles or as coatings on the surface of bottles for use in liquid food packaging.

Method of making an InAsSb/InAsSbP diode lasers

DOEpatents

Razeghi, M.

1997-08-19

InAsSb/InAsSbP/InAs Double Heterostructures (DH) and Separate Confinement Heterostructure Multiple Quantum Well (SCH-MQW) structures are taught wherein the ability to tune to a specific wavelength within 3 {micro}m to 5 {micro}m is possible by varying the ratio of As:Sb in the active layer. 9 figs.

5 CFR 319.301 - Qualifications standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Qualifications standards. 319.301 Section... IN SENIOR-LEVEL AND SCIENTIFIC AND PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS Qualifications Requirements § 319.301... in the General Schedule. (c) Standards for scientific and professional positions. (1) Unless the...

5 CFR 319.301 - Qualifications standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Qualifications standards. 319.301 Section... IN SENIOR-LEVEL AND SCIENTIFIC AND PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS Qualifications Requirements § 319.301... in the General Schedule. (c) Standards for scientific and professional positions. (1) Unless the...

5 CFR 330.709 - Qualification reviews.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Qualification reviews. 330.709 Section..., SELECTION, AND PLACEMENT (GENERAL) Interagency Career Transition Assistance Plan for Displaced Employees § 330.709 Qualification reviews. Agencies will ensure that a documented, independent second review is...

Electrical and Thermal Conductivity and Conduction Mechanism of Ge2Sb2Te5 Alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lan, Rui; Endo, Rie; Kuwahara, Masashi; Kobayashi, Yoshinao; Susa, Masahiro

2017-11-01

Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy has drawn much attention due to its application in phase-change random-access memory and potential as a thermoelectric material. Electrical and thermal conductivity are important material properties in both applications. The aim of this work is to investigate the temperature dependence of the electrical and thermal conductivity of Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy and discuss the thermal conduction mechanism. The electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity of Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy were measured from room temperature to 823 K by four-terminal and hot-strip method, respectively. With increasing temperature, the electrical resistivity increased while the thermal conductivity first decreased up to about 600 K then increased. The electronic component of the thermal conductivity was calculated from the Wiedemann-Franz law using the resistivity results. At room temperature, Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy has large electronic thermal conductivity and low lattice thermal conductivity. Bipolar diffusion contributes more to the thermal conductivity with increasing temperature. The special crystallographic structure of Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy accounts for the thermal conduction mechanism.

Electrical and Thermal Conductivity and Conduction Mechanism of Ge2Sb2Te5 Alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lan, Rui; Endo, Rie; Kuwahara, Masashi; Kobayashi, Yoshinao; Susa, Masahiro

2018-06-01

Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy has drawn much attention due to its application in phase-change random-access memory and potential as a thermoelectric material. Electrical and thermal conductivity are important material properties in both applications. The aim of this work is to investigate the temperature dependence of the electrical and thermal conductivity of Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy and discuss the thermal conduction mechanism. The electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity of Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy were measured from room temperature to 823 K by four-terminal and hot-strip method, respectively. With increasing temperature, the electrical resistivity increased while the thermal conductivity first decreased up to about 600 K then increased. The electronic component of the thermal conductivity was calculated from the Wiedemann-Franz law using the resistivity results. At room temperature, Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy has large electronic thermal conductivity and low lattice thermal conductivity. Bipolar diffusion contributes more to the thermal conductivity with increasing temperature. The special crystallographic structure of Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy accounts for the thermal conduction mechanism.

Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy after switching from reference infliximab to biosimilar SB2 compared with continuing reference infliximab and SB2 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results of a randomised, double-blind, phase III transition study

PubMed Central

Choe, Jung-Yoon; Prodanovic, Nenad; Niebrzydowski, Jaroslaw; Staykov, Ivan; Dokoupilova, Eva; Baranauskaite, Asta; Yatsyshyn, Roman; Mekic, Mevludin; Porawska, Wieslawa; Ciferska, Hana; Jedrychowicz-Rosiak, Krystyna; Zielinska, Agnieszka; Lee, Younju; Rho, Young Hee

2018-01-01

Objectives Efficacy, safety and immunogenicity results from the phase III study of SB2, a biosimilar of reference infliximab (INF), were previously reported through 54 weeks. This transition period compared results in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who switched from INF to SB2 with those in patients who maintained treatment with INF or SB2. Methods Patients with moderate to severe RA despite methotrexate treatment were randomised (1:1) to receive SB2 or INF at weeks 0, 2 and 6 and every 8 weeks thereafter until week 46. At week 54, patients previously receiving INF were rerandomised (1:1) to switch to SB2 (INF/SB2 (n=94)) or to continue on INF (INF/INF (n=101)) up to week 70. Patients previously receiving SB2 continued on SB2 (SB2/SB2 (n=201)) up to week 70. Efficacy, safety and immunogenicity were assessed up to week 78. Results Efficacy was sustained and comparable across treatment groups. American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20 responses between weeks 54 and 78 ranged from 63.5% to 72.3% with INF/SB2, 66.3%%–69.4% with INF/INF and 65.6%–68.3% with SB2/SB2. Treatment-emergent adverse events during this time occurred in 36.2%, 35.6% and 40.3%, respectively, and infusion-related reactions in 3.2%, 2.0% and 3.5%. Among patients who were negative for antidrug antibodies (ADA) up to week 54, newly developed ADAs were reported in 14.6%, 14.9% and 14.1% of the INF/SB2, INF/INF and SB2/SB2 groups, respectively. Conclusions The efficacy, safety and immunogenicity profiles remained comparable among the INF/SB2, INF/INF and SB2/SB2 groups up to week 78, with no treatment-emergent issues or clinically relevant immunogenicity after switching from INF to SB2. Trial registration number NCT01936181; EudraCT number: 2012-005733-37. PMID:29042358

Conduction- and Valence-Band Energies in Bulk InAs(1-x)Sb(x) and Type II InAs(1-x) Sb(x)/InAs Strained-Layer Superlattices

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-08

tions in the studied SLS structures . The fit of the dependence of the valence- band energy of unstrained InAs1!xSbx on the composition x with a... band . STRUCTURES Bulk InAsSb epilayers on metamorphic buffers and InAsSb/InAs strained-layer superlattices (SLS) were grown on GaSb substrates by solid...meV in InAs and Ev = 0 meV in InSb. For InAsSb with 22.5% Sb grown on GaSb , an unstrained valence- band energy of Ev = !457 meV was obtained. For the

[The prevention and therapeutics effect of sodium bicarbonate with gastric lavage, atomization inhalation and intravenous injection on the patients with paraquat poisoning and pulmonary fibrosis induced by paraquat poisoning].

PubMed

Ren, Ainong; Ren, Siqing; Jian, Xiangdong; Zhang, Qing

2015-09-01

To observe the prevention effects of patients with lung exudation and pulmonary fibrosis induced by paraquat poisoning in sodium bicarbonate (SB) with gastric lavage, atomization inhalation and intravenous injection. To collect 38 patients with paraquat poisoning in hospital, after poison immediately with gastric lavage of 1.5% SB, and atomization inhalation of 5% SB 10~15 ml twice daily and intravenous injection of 5% SB twice a day, continuous application of 5~7 days. and the HRCT score and liver and kidney function was performed on patients with lung after treatment. And the extraction of 38 SB patients with previously untreated with SB for comparison. Lung HRCT average score in 72 h, 7 d, 30 d on patients with paraquat poisoning untreated with SB reached 2.87, 3.12, 2.13, HRCT display shows that the appearance of the wear glass shadow, grid shadow, honeycomb shadow, and other signs of fibrosis. Average HRCT reached 1.95, 2.20, 1.67 on patients treated with SB,signs of lung exudation and fibrosis was significantly reduced,compare two groups,there was statistically significance (P<0.01). And compared to the control group, activity of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartic acid transaminase (AST) decreased significantly in group of paraquat poisoning with triple application of SB, the level of serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) significantly decreased, the difference is statistically significant (P<0.01). The triple application of SB can reduced the pulmonary fibrosis and effusion induced by paraquat poisoning,and protective effect on the function of liver and kidney is obvious, suggesting that the method for treatment of paraquat poisoning, prevention of paraquat lung and improve survival rate has the exact effect.

Forward genetic screening identifies a small molecule that blocks Toxoplasma gondii growth by inhibiting both host- and parasite-encoded kinases.

PubMed

Brown, Kevin M; Suvorova, Elena; Farrell, Andrew; McLain, Aaron; Dittmar, Ashley; Wiley, Graham B; Marth, Gabor; Gaffney, Patrick M; Gubbels, Marc Jan; White, Michael; Blader, Ira J

2014-06-01

The simultaneous targeting of host and pathogen processes represents an untapped approach for the treatment of intracellular infections. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a host cell transcription factor that is activated by and required for the growth of the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii at physiological oxygen levels. Parasite activation of HIF-1 is blocked by inhibiting the family of closely related Activin-Like Kinase (ALK) host cell receptors ALK4, ALK5, and ALK7, which was determined in part by use of an ALK4,5,7 inhibitor named SB505124. Besides inhibiting HIF-1 activation, SB505124 also potently blocks parasite replication under normoxic conditions. To determine whether SB505124 inhibition of parasite growth was exclusively due to inhibition of ALK4,5,7 or because the drug inhibited a second kinase, SB505124-resistant parasites were isolated by chemical mutagenesis. Whole-genome sequencing of these mutants revealed mutations in the Toxoplasma MAP kinase, TgMAPK1. Allelic replacement of mutant TgMAPK1 alleles into wild-type parasites was sufficient to confer SB505124 resistance. SB505124 independently impacts TgMAPK1 and ALK4,5,7 signaling since drug resistant parasites could not activate HIF-1 in the presence of SB505124 or grow in HIF-1 deficient cells. In addition, TgMAPK1 kinase activity is inhibited by SB505124. Finally, mice treated with SB505124 had significantly lower tissue burdens following Toxoplasma infection. These data therefore identify SB505124 as a novel small molecule inhibitor that acts by inhibiting two distinct targets, host HIF-1 and TgMAPK1.

Mechanical and Wear Properties of Sb- and Y-Added Mg-9Al-1Zn (AZ91) Alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boby, Arun; Srinivasan, A.; Pillai, U. T. S.; Pai, B. C.

2015-09-01

This paper studies the effect of Sb and Y additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the AZ91 alloy. The results indicate that the Sb and Y additions lead to the formation of Mg3Sb2 and Al2Y phases. These phases modify the morphology of the β-Mg17Al12 phase, and hence refine the microstructure. The effects of Sb and Y additions on the aging behavior have also been investigated. Aging of the AZ91 alloy results in the formation of continuous and discontinuous types of precipitates. Whereas Sb and Y additions to AZ91 alloy suppresses the formation of discontinuous precipitate. The paper also reports the mechanical properties of as-cast and aged Sb-added AZ91-xY alloys for room and high temperatures. The optimum tensile properties are obtained with the alloy having the combined addition of 0.5 wt pct Sb and 0.6 wt pct Y. The fracture surface of AZ91-0.5Sb-0.6Y alloy reveals more quasi-cleavage type of failure with a cleavage fracture than the base alloy. At HT, the AZ91-0.5Sb-0.6Y alloy displays more cleavage facets connected with tearing ridges and shallow dimples than AZ91 alloy. Furthermore, it observed the improvement in wear resistance through the addition of Y. The worn surface reveals abrasion, oxidation, delamination, and plastic deformation wear mechanisms.

Experimental and theoretical investigation of topological and energetic characteristics of Sb complexes reversibly binding molecular oxygen.

PubMed

Fukin, Georgy K; Baranov, Evgenii V; Jelsch, Christian; Guillot, Benoît; Poddel'sky, Andrey I; Cherkasov, Vladimir K; Abakumov, Gleb A

2011-07-28

The experimental distribution of electron density in Ph(3)(4,5-OMe-3,6-Bu(t)-Cat)Sb·MeCN (1*) and Ph(3)(4,5-N(2)C(4)H(6)-3,6-Bu(t)-Cat)Sb·MeOH (2*) complexes was studied. According to atoms in molecules theory, the Sb-C(Ph), Sb-O(catecholate), and Sb···N(O) bonds are intermediate, whereas the O-C and C-C bonds are covalent, respectively. The energy of the Sb···N(MeCN) and Sb···O(MeOH) bonds are 7.0 and 11.3 kcal/mol according to the Espinosa equation. Density functional theory and Hartree-Fock calculations were carried out for a series of catecholate and amidophenolate complexes of antimony(V). It was shown that such calculations reliably reproduce geometrical and topological parameters and therefore can be used for a criterion search of dioxygen reversible binding by the catecholate and amidophenolate complexes of antimony(V). It was found that the "critical" value of the HOMO energy vary in the range from -5.197 to -5.061 eV for reversible binding of dioxygen complexes. This can serve as a thermodynamic criterion to predict the possibility of the dioxygen reversible binding by the catecholate and amidophenolate complexes of Sb(V). The HOMO energies correlate with the conversion of the catecholate and amidophenolate complexes in corresponding spiroendoperoxide derivatives as well. The contribution of the atom orbitals of the carbon atoms in the five-membered metallocycle to HOMO in complexes with different substitutes in the 4- and 5-positions of the catecholate ligand allows predicting the place of dioxygen addition. © 2011 American Chemical Society

Physics of bandgap formation in Cu-Sb-Se based novel thermoelectrics: the role of Sb valency and Cu d levels.

PubMed

Do, Dat; Ozolins, Vidvuds; Mahanti, S D; Lee, Mal-Soon; Zhang, Yongsheng; Wolverton, C

2012-10-17

In this paper we discuss the results of ab initio electronic structure calculations for Cu(3)SbSe(4) (Se4) and Cu(3)SbSe(3) (Se3), two narrow bandgap semiconductors of thermoelectric interest. We find that Sb is trivalent in both the compounds, in contrast to a simple nominal valence (ionic) picture which suggests that Sb should be 5 + in Se4. The gap formation in Se4 is quite subtle, with hybridization between Sb 5s and the neighboring Se 4s, 4p orbitals, position of Cu d states, and non-local exchange interaction, each playing significant roles. Thermopower calculations show that Se4 is a better p-type system. Our theoretical results for Se4 agree very well with recent experimental results obtained by Skoug et al (2011 Sci. Adv. Mater. 3 602).

5 CFR 330.609 - Qualification reviews.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Qualification reviews. 330.609 Section..., SELECTION, AND PLACEMENT (GENERAL) Agency Career Transition Assistance Plans (CTAP) for Local Surplus and Displaced Employees § 330.609 Qualification reviews. Agencies will ensure that a documented, independent...

Pharmacological Modulation of 5-HT2C Receptor Activity Produces Bidirectional Changes in Locomotor Activity, Responding for a Conditioned Reinforcer, and Mesolimbic DA Release in C57BL/6 Mice.

PubMed

Browne, Caleb J; Ji, Xiaodong; Higgins, Guy A; Fletcher, Paul J; Harvey-Lewis, Colin

2017-10-01

Converging lines of behavioral, electrophysiological, and biochemical evidence suggest that 5-HT 2C receptor signaling may bidirectionally influence reward-related behavior through an interaction with the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system. Here we directly test this hypothesis by examining how modulating 5-HT 2C receptor activity affects DA-dependent behaviors and relate these effects to changes in nucleus accumbens (NAc) DA release. In C57BL/6 mice, locomotor activity and responding for a conditioned reinforcer (CRf), a measure of incentive motivation, were examined following treatment with three 5-HT 2C receptor ligands: the agonist CP809101 (0.25-3 mg/kg), the antagonist SB242084 (0.25-1 mg/kg), or the antagonist/inverse agonist SB206553 (1-5 mg/kg). We further tested whether doses of these compounds that changed locomotor activity and responding for a CRf (1 mg/kg CP809101, 0.5 mg/kg SB242084, or 2.5 mg/kg SB206553) also altered NAc DA release using in vivo microdialysis in anesthetized mice. CP809101 reduced locomotor activity, responding for a CRf, and NAc DA release. In contrast, both SB242084 and SB206553 enhanced locomotor activity, responding for a CRf, and NAc DA release, although higher doses of SB206553 produced opposite behavioral effects. Pretreatment with the non-selective DA receptor antagonist α-flupenthixol prevented SB242084 from enhancing responding for a CRf. Thus blocking tonic 5-HT 2C receptor signaling can release serotonergic inhibition of mesolimbic DA activity and enhance reward-related behavior. The observed bidirectional effects of 5-HT 2C receptor ligands may have important implications when considering the 5-HT 2C receptor as a therapeutic target for psychiatric disorders, particularly those presenting with motivational dysfunctions.

Installation Restoration Program. Remedial Investigation Report. Volk Field Air National Guard, Camp Douglas, Wisconsin. Volume 1.

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-09-01

Surface Area Contacted Per Event SB soil boring Sb Antimony SD sediment sample SDG Sample Delivery Group SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act Se Selenium sec second...and were laid out using a Brunton compass and measuring tape. The station locations were gridded at intervals of 25 feet. Measurements indicating the

Eruption History and Geochemical Evolution of Servilleta Basalt Along the Rio Grande Gorge, Colorado and New Mexico

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cosca, M. A.; Thompson, R. A.; Turner, K. J.; Morgan, L. E.

2016-12-01

Subalkaline basalt to basaltic andesite lava flows formally known as Servilleta Basalt (SB) are the most voluminous rock type forming the Pliocene Taos Plateau volcanic field. Pleistocene incision by the Rio Grande into the bedrock-floored plateau has resulted in spectacular exposures of occasionally thick ( 240 m) accumulations of SB within the Rio Grande gorge. Incremental CO2 laser heating of individual rock fragments, the SB within and along the length of the Rio Grande gorge has been precisely dated by 40Ar/39Ar geochronology to between 5.3 Ma and 3.3 Ma. SB older than 4 Ma is restricted to some lava flows exposed between La Junta point, at the confluence of the Red River and Rio Grande, and the Gorge Bridge crossing northwest of Taos, NM. Vertical sampling through thick SB flow sequences within the gorge yields precise emplacement histories and also reveals small but systematic major and minor element concentration variations (including Si, Rb, Sr, Cu and Zn). 40Ar/39Ar data show that these trends developed over short (0-250 ka) timescales, and probably relate to partial assimilation of crust, possibly at multiple depths. Combined field, geochemical, and 40Ar/39Ar data consequently record short-lived changes in tholeiitic melt compositions in response to regional extension and development of the Rio Grande rift. The age, lateral extent, and thickness of exposed SB partially reflect the paleotopographic surface of the southern San Luis Basin prior to onset of Pliocene Taos Plateau volcanic field magmatism; paleotopographic highs diverted some flows while topographic lows were areas of infilling and accumulation. Heterogeneous basin paleotopography developed during contemporaneous or precursory andesitic to dacitic volcanism, extensional faulting and subsidence of sub-basins within the San Luis Basin, and deposition of prograding alluvial fans that originated in the Sangre de Cristo and Picuris Mountains. SB flowed into the southern San Luis Valley beginning 5.3 Ma, filled preexisting paleotopographic lows, and progressively filled the basin to form the present-day, plateau-like landscape by 3.3 Ma.

Evaluating portable wire-flooring models for inducing bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis in broilers.

PubMed

Gilley, A D; Lester, H; Pevzner, I Y; Anthony, N B; Wideman, R F

2014-06-01

Rearing broilers on flat or sloping wire flooring is an effective method for consistently triggering lameness attributable to bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO). Portable obstacles known as speed bumps (SB) also consistently trigger modest incidences of BCO when they are installed between feed and water lines in litter flooring facilities. Two experiments were conducted to determine the most effective broiler age for introducing the SB into litter flooring pens, and to evaluate alternative configurations of the traditional SB with the expectation that amplified mechanical challenges to the legs of broilers should increase the incidence of BCO. Broiler chicks obtained from commercial hatcheries (lines B and D in experiment 1, lines A and B in experiment 2) were reared in floor pens with ad libitum feed and water and a 23L:1D photoperiod. In experiment 1, the 5 floor treatments included wood shavings litter only (L), flat wire only (W), or litter plus SB installed at 14, 28, or 42 d of age. Line B was more susceptible to lameness than line D (25.9 vs. 15.3% for all treatments combined; P = 0.001). Both lines developed low incidences of lameness on L (11 to 13%), intermediate incidences on SB regardless of day of installation (12 to 23%), and high incidences on W (21 to 39%). In experiment 2, broilers were reared with 7 floor treatments, including L, W, SB with a 50% slope (SB50%); SB50% with a limbo bar installed over the apex; SB with a 66% slope and limbo bar; SB50% with a nipple water line suspended over the apex; and a pagoda-top SB. All SB were inserted on d 28. Line B was more susceptible to lameness than line A (20.2 vs. 16.1% for all treatments combined; P < 0.05), and for both lines combined the lameness percentages averaged 7.7 (L), 29.2 (W), 17.3 (SB50%), 16.2 (SB50% with a limbo bar), 21.5 (SB with a 66% slope and limbo bar), 20.8 (SB50% with a nipple water line), and 11.5% (pagoda-top). These studies demonstrate the portable SB can be effectively used to experimentally trigger BCO in broilers. Poultry Science Association Inc.

Antimicrobial salicylaldehyde Schiff bases: synthesis, characterization and evaluation.

PubMed

Adeel-Sharif, Hafiz Muhammad; Ahmed, Dildar; Mir, Hira

2015-03-01

As the pathogens soon develop resistance to the existing antibiotics, the demand for new and more effective anti-microbial agents is a continuous phenomenon. In this paper we are reporting synthesis and spectral data of eight Schiff bases of salicylaldehyde with different amines, and evaluation of their anti-microbial activities against different bacterial strains. The bases were synthesized by reflux method, and their structures were determined based FT-IR, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR and Mass spectrometric data. The Schiff bases synthesized included 2-{[(Z)-(2-hydroxyphenyl) methylidene] amino}benzoicacid (SB1), 4-{[(Z)-(2-hydroxyphenyl) methylidene] amino} benzoic acid (SB2),2-[(naphthalene-2-ylimino)methyl] phenol(SB3),2-2'-[benzene-1,4-diylbis(nitrilomethylylidene)]diphenol (SB4), 2-2'-[benzene-1,2-diylbis (nitrile-(E)-methylylidene)]diphenol (SB5), 2-[(2-phenylhydrazineylidene)methyl]phenol (SB6), 2-2'-[ethene-1,2-diylbis(iminomethanediyl)]diphenol (SB7) and 2-[(Z)-(phenylimino)methyl]phenol (SB8). The anti-microbial activities of synthesized Schiff bases were determined in terms of zones of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). All the bases showed moderate to good activities against all the tested microorganisms. The MICs of most compounds were 100-200βg/mL against different microorganisms. However, it was 50βg/mL for SB1 against P. aeruginosa (1), SB3 against P. aurantiaca, P. aeruginosa (1), E. coli (2), S. typhi (2) and C. freundii, SB4against E. coli (2), S. typhi (1) and S. maltophilia, SB5 against K. pneumoniae and S. typhi (2), SB6 against P. aeruginosa (3) and C. freundii, SB7 against E. cloacae and A. lipoferum, and SB8 against E. coli (2). Considerably active bases may prove to be potential candidates for future antibiotic drugs.

Tank 30 and 37 Supernatant Sample Cross-Check and Evaporator Feed Qualification Analysis-2012

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Oji, L. N.

2013-03-07

This report summarizes the analytical data reported by the F/H and Savannah River National Laboratories for the 2012 cross-check analysis for high level waste supernatant liquid samples from SRS Tanks 30 and 37. The intent of this Tank 30 and 37 sample analyses was to perform cross-checks against routine F/H Laboratory analyses (corrosion and evaporator feed qualification programs) using samples collected at the same time from both tanks as well as split samples from the tanks.

A new n-type half-Heusler thermoelectric material NbCoSb

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huang, Lihong; Department of Physics and TcSUH, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204; He, Ran

2015-10-15

Highlights: • Half-Heusler alloy NbCoSb with 19 valence electron count was studied as TE material. • It is surprising that NbCoSb is n-type. • A maximum ZT of ∼0.4 is achieved at 700 °C without optimization. • It opens up a new route to develop new half-Heusler thermoelectric materials. • It is very interesting that a traditionally thought of VEC of 18 is not required. - Abstract: We surprisingly made a new n-type thermoelectric compound NbCoSb with half-Heusler (HH) structure having valence electron count of 19, different from the traditional 18, which opens up a new route to develop newmore » half-Heusler thermoelectric materials not following the traditional valence electron count of 18. The samples are made by arc melting followed by ball milling and hot pressing. The effect of hot pressing temperature on the thermoelectric properties of NbCoSb samples has been studied. A maximum thermoelectric figure-of-merit (ZT) of ∼0.4 is achieved at 700 °C in NbCoSb sample that is hot pressed at 1000 °C. This work add a new member to HH compounds for thermoelectric applications, although the peak ZT of ∼0.4 is still lower than that of the traditional HHs. Moreover, it is very interesting to see that a traditionally thought of valence electron counts of 18 is not required.« less

An atomic scale study of surface termination and digital alloy growth in InGaAs/AlAsSb multi-quantum wells.

PubMed

Mauger, S J C; Bozkurt, M; Koenraad, P M; Zhao, Y; Folliot, H; Bertru, N

2016-07-20

An atomic scale study has been performed to understand the influence of the (As,Sb) shutter sequences during interface formation on the optical properties of InGaAs/AlAsSb quantum wells. Our cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy results show that the onset of the Sb profile is steep in the Sb-containing layers whereas an appreciable segregation of Sb in the subsequently grown Sb free layers is observed. The steep rise of the Sb profile is due to extra Sb that is supplied to the surface prior to the growth of the Sb-containing layers. No relation is found between the (As,Sb) termination conditions of the Sb-containing layers and the resulting Sb profiles in the capping layers. Correspondingly we see that the optical properties of these quantum wells are also nearly independent on the (As,Sb) shutter sequences at the interface. Digital alloy growth in comparison to conventional molecular beam epitaxy growth was also explored. X-ray results suggest that the structural properties of the quantum well structures grown by conventional molecular beam epitaxy techniques are slightly better than those formed by digital alloy growth. However photoluminescence studies indicate that the digital alloy samples give rise to a more intense and broader photoluminescence emission. Cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy measurements reveal that lateral composition modulations present in the digital alloys are responsible for the enhancement of the photoluminescence intensity and inhomogeneous broadening.

New procedure for multielemental speciation analysis of five toxic species: As(III), As(V), Cr(VI), Sb(III) and Sb(V) in drinking water samples by advanced hyphenated technique HPLC/ICP-DRC-MS.

PubMed

Marcinkowska, Monika; Komorowicz, Izabela; Barałkiewicz, Danuta

2016-05-12

Analytical procedure dedicated for multielemental determination of toxic species: As(III), As(V), Cr(VI), Sb(III) and Sb(V) in drinking water samples using high performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC/ICP-DRC-MS) technique was developed. Optimization of the detection and separation conditions was conducted. Dynamic reaction cell (DRC) with oxygen as a reaction gas was involved in the experiments. Obtained analytical signals for species separation were symmetrical, as studied by anion-exchange chromatography. Applied mobile phase consisted of 3 mM of EDTANa2 and 36 mM of ammonium nitrate. Full separation of species in the form of the following forms: H3AsO3, H2AsO4(-), SbO2(-), Sb(OH)6(-), CrO4(2-) was achieved in 15 min with use of gradient elution program. Detailed validation of analytical procedure proved the reliability of analytical measurements. The procedure was characterized by high precision in the range from 1.7% to 2.4%. Detection limits (LD) were 0.067 μg L(-1), 0.068 μg L(-1), 0.098 μg L(-1), 0.083 μg L(-1) and 0.038 μg L(-1) for As(III), As(V), Cr(VI), Sb(III) and Sb(V), respectively. Obtained recoveries confirmed the lack of interferences' influence on analytical signals as their values were in the range of 91%-110%. The applicability of the proposed procedure was tested on drinking water samples characterized by mineralization up to 650 mg L(-1). Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comparative study on crystallization characteristics of amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 films by an ultraviolet laser radiation and isothermal annealing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Z.; Liu, F. R.; Wang, Z. M.; Fan, Z. K.; Liu, F.; Sun, N. X.

2015-04-01

A comparative study on crystallization characteristics of amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) films induced by an ultraviolet pulse laser and isothermal annealing was carried out by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman scattering. TEM observations showed that the mean grain size induced by a pulse laser was in the nanoscale. A more complete crystallization in the 50 nm thick GST film was obtained which was ascribed to the effect of thermal convection produced in a thinner GST film, however, when the film thickness was over 70 nm, no significant decrease in the mean grain size was found because of the effect of heating mode, where a surface heat source by the ultraviolet laser radiation caused a quick temperature drop. The body heating mode at the isothermal annealing condition made the mean grain size increase remarkably with the increase of film thickness, which could be up to the submicron scale, relative to the size of film thickness. The Raman spectrum analysis showed that a red shift was observed in laser induced Ge2Sb2Te5 films as compared to the isothermal annealing samples, which was caused by the resultant stress of the thermal stress and phase transformation stress.

Genetic effect of the Aegilops caudata plasmon on the manifestation of the Ae. cylindrica genome.

PubMed

Tsunewaki, Koichiro; Mori, Naoki; Takumi, Shigeo

2014-01-01

In the course of reconstructing Aegilops caudata from its own genome (CC) and its plasmon, which had passed half a century in common wheat (genome AABBDD), we produced alloplasmic Ae. cylindrica (genome CCDD) with the plasmon of Ae. caudata. This line, designated (caudata)-CCDD, was found to express male sterility in its second substitution backcross generation (SB2) of (caudata)-AABBCCDD pollinated three times with the Ae. cylindrica pollen. We repeatedly backcrossed these SB2 plants with the Ae. cylindrica pollen until the SB5 generation, and SB5F2 progeny were produced by self-pollination of the SB5 plants. Thirteen morphological and physiological characters, including pollen and seed fertilities, of the (caudata)-CCDD SB5F2 were compared with those of the euplasmic Ae. cylindrica. The results indicated that the male sterility expressed by (caudata)-CCDD was due to genetic incompatibility between the Ae. cylindrica genome and Ae. caudata plasmon that did not affect any other characters of Ae. cylindrica. Also, we report that the genome integrity functions in keeping the univalent transmission rate high.

A study on the temperature dependence of the threshold switching characteristics of Ge2Sb2Te5

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Suyoun; Jeong, Doo Seok; Jeong, Jeung-hyun; Zhe, Wu; Park, Young-Wook; Ahn, Hyung-Woo; Cheong, Byung-ki

2010-01-01

We investigated the temperature dependence of the threshold switching characteristics of a memory-type chalcogenide material, Ge2Sb2Te5. We found that the threshold voltage (Vth) decreased linearly with temperature, implying the existence of a critical conductivity of Ge2Sb2Te5 for its threshold switching. In addition, we investigated the effect of bias voltage and temperature on the delay time (tdel) of the threshold switching of Ge2Sb2Te5 and described the measured relationship by an analytic expression which we derived based on a physical model where thermally activated hopping is a dominant transport mechanism in the material.

Thermoelectric transport properties of nanostructured FeSb 2 and Ce-based heavy-fermions CeCu and CeAl 3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pokharel, Mani R.

Thermoelectric (TE) energy conversion is an all-solid-state technology which can convert waste thermal energy into useful electric power and cool ambience without using harmful gases like CFC. Due to their several advantages over traditional energy conversion technologies, thermoelectric generators (TEG) and coolers (TEC) have drawn enormous research efforts. The objective of this work is to find promising materials for thermoelectric cooling applications and optimize their thermoelectric performances. Finding a material with a good value for the thermoelectric figure-of-merit (ZT) at cryogenic temperatures, specifically below 77 K, has been of great interest. This work demonstrates that FeSb2 1, CeCu6 2 and CeAl3 3, all belonging to a class of materials with strongly correlated electron behavior; exhibit promising thermoelectric properties below 77 K. In general, ZT of a TE material can be increased using two basic approaches: lattice thermal conductivity reduction and power factor (PF) enhancement. The results of this study indicate that nanostructuring effectively decreases the thermal conductivity of FeSb2, CeCu6 and CeAl 3 leading to improved ZT. The approach of introducing point-defect scattering to further reduce the thermal conductivity is successfully implemented for Te-substituted FeSb2 nanostructured samples 4. A semiconductor/metal interface has long been proposed to exhibit enhanced thermoelectric properties. We use this technique by introducing Ag-nanoparticles in the host FeSb2 which further increases ZT by 70% 5. Additionally, a detailed investigation is made on the phonon-drag effect as a possible mechanism responsible for the large value of the Seebeck coefficient of FeSb2 6. We show that the phonon-drag mechanism contributes significantly to the large Seebeck effect in FeSb2 and hence this effect cannot be minor as was proposed in literatures previously. A model based on Kapitza-resistance and effective medium approach (EMA) is used to analyze the thermal conductivities of nanostructured FeSb2 samples 7. We find a notably large value for Kapitza length at low temperatures indicating the dominance of inter-grain thermal resistance over bulk thermal resistance in determining the thermal properties of FeSb 2. 1Huaizhou Zhao, Mani Pokharel, Gaohua Zhu, Shuo Chen, Kevin Lukas, Qing Jie,Cyril Opeil, Gang Chen, and Zhifeng Ren, Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 163101 (2011). 2Mani Pokharel, Tulashi Dahal, Zhifeng Ren, and Cyril Opeil, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 609 (2014) 228-232. 3Mani Pokharel, Tulashi Dahal, Zhensong Ren, Peter Czajka, Stephen Wilson, Zhifeng Ren, and Cyril Opeil, Energy Conversion and Management, 87 (2014) 584-588. 4Mani Pokharel, Machhindra Koirala, Huaizhau Zhao, Zhifeng Ren, and Cyril Opeil, J. Low Temp. Phys., 176 (2014) 122-130. 5Mani Pokharel, Huaizhou Zhao, Shuo Chen, Kevin Lukas, Hui Wang, Cyril Opeil1, Gang Chen, and Zhifeng Ren, Nanotechnology 23 (2012) 505402. 6Mani Pokharel, Huaizhou Zhao, Kevin Lukas, Bogdan Mihaila, Zhifeng Ren, and Cyril Opeil, MRS Communications 3 (2013) 31-36. 7Mani Pokharel, Huaizhau Zhao, Zhifeng Ren, and Cyril Opeil, International Journal of Thermal Science, 71 (2013) 32-35.

Effect of antimony on the optical and physical properties of Sb-V2O5-TeO2 glasses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Souri, Dariush; Mohammadi, Mousa; Zaliani, Hamideh

2014-11-01

Ternary glass systems of the form xSb-(60- x) V2O5-40TeO2 (Sx glasses) with 0 ≤ x ≤ 15 (in mol. %) have been prepared by using the normal melt quenching technique. The optical absorption spectra of these glasses have been recorded within wavelength range of 190 — 1100 nm. The absorption spectrum fitting method was employed to obtain the energy band gap. In this method, only the measurement of absorbance spectrum of the glass is needed. The position of the absorption edge and therefore the optical band gap values were found to be depend on glass composition. Results show that the optical band gap is in the range 1.57 — 2.14 eV. For each sample, the width of the band tail was determined. The densities of present glasses were measured and the molar volumes were calculated. Also, some thermal properties such as glass transition temperature ( T g) and crystallization temperature (TCr) were obtained by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique, and from which the glass thermal stability S and glass forming tendency K gl were calculated. Results show that these glasses (specially for x ≥ 10 mol. %) have good stability and therefore good resistance against thermal shocks for technological applications in fiber devices. Also, T g values indicate the rigidity and packing of the samples increase with increasing the Sb concentration as a network modifier. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Intrinsic Topological Insulator Bi1.5Sb0.5Te3-xSex Thin Crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Wei; Li, Li; Zou, Wenqin; He, Liang; Song, Fengqi; Zhang, Rong; Wu, Xiaoshan; Zhang, Fengming

2015-01-01

The quaternary topological insulator (Bi,Sb)2(Te,Se)3 has demonstrated topological surface states with an insulating bulk. Scientists have identified an optimized composition of Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.7Se1.3 with the highest resistivity reported. But the physics that drive to this composition remains unclear. Here we report the crystal structure and the magneto-transport properties of Bi1.5Sb0.5Te3-xSex (BSTS) series. A correlation between the structure and the physical properties has been revealed. We found out that within the rhombohedral structure, the composition with most Te substituting Se has the highest resistivity. On the other hand, segregation of other composition phases will introduce much higher bulk concentration.

Thermoelectric properties of Co(x)Ni(4-x)Sb(12-y)Sn(y) ternary skutterudites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mackey, Jon A.; Dynys, Frederick W.; Sehirlioglu, Alp

2014-01-01

Thermoelectric materials based on the skutterudite crystal structure have demonstrated enhanced performance (ZT greater than 1), along with good thermal stability and favorable mechanical properties. Binary skutterudites, with single and multiple fillers, have been intensively studied in recent years. Compared to binary skutterudites, the ternary systems have received less attention, e.g. Ni4Sb8Sn4. Ternary skutterudites are isoelectronic variants of binary skutterudites; cation substitutions appear to be isostructural to their binary analogues. In general, ternary skutterudites exhibit lower thermal conductivity. Ternary systems of Ni4Bi8Ge4, Ni4Sb8Ge4, and Ni4Sb8Sn4 were investigated using combined solidification and sintering steps. Skutterudite formation was not achieved in the Ni4Bi8Ge4 and Ni4Sb8Ge4 systems; skutterudite formation occurred in Ni4Sb8Sn4 system. P-type material was achieved by Co substitution for Ni. Thermoelectric properties were measured from 298 K to 673 K for Ni4Sb8Sn4, Ni4 Sb7Sn5 and Co2Ni2Sb7Sn5. N-type Ni4Sb8Sn4 exhibit the highest figure of merit of 0.1 at 523 K.

Mid-wavelength infrared unipolar nBp superlattice photodetector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kazemi, Alireza; Myers, Stephen; Taghipour, Zahra; Mathews, Sen; Schuler-Sandy, Ted; Lee, Seunghyun; Cowan, Vincent M.; Garduno, Eli; Steenbergen, Elizabeth; Morath, Christian; Ariyawansa, Gamini; Scheihing, John; Krishna, Sanjay

2018-01-01

We report a Mid-Wavelength Infrared (MWIR) barrier photodetector based on the InAs/GaSb/AlSb type-II superlattice (T2SL) material system. The nBp design consists of a single unipolar barrier (InAs/AlSb SL) placed between a 4 μm thick p-doped absorber (InAs/GaSb SL) and an n-type contact layer (InAs/GaSb SL). At 80 K, the device exhibited a 50% cut-off wavelength of 5 μm, was fully turned-ON at zero bias and the measured QE was 50% (front side illumination with no AR coating) at 4.5 μm with a dark current density of 4.7 × 10-6 A/cm2 at Vb = 50 mV. At 150 K and Vb = 50 mV, the 50% cut-off wavelength increased to 5.3 μm, and the QE was 54% at 4.5 μm with a dark current of 5.0 × 10-4 A/cm2.

Mobility of gold during metamorphism of the Dalradian in Scotland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pitcairn, I. K.; Skelton, A. D. L.; Wohlgemuth-Ueberwasser, C. C.

2015-09-01

Mobility of Au and related metals during metamorphism has been suggested to be the source of metals enriched in orogenic Au deposits. This study investigates the mobility of Au, As, and Sb during metamorphism of the Dalradian metasedimentary rocks of Scotland. The metamorphic processes in the Dalradian of Scotland are extremely well studied, and the terrane is an ideal area to investigate mobility of these metals. Our results show that of the 25 major and trace elements analysed, only Au, As, Sb, S and volatile contents as shown by loss on ignition (LOI) values show systematic variation with the metamorphic grade of the samples. Average Au concentrations decrease from 1.1 ± 0.55 ppb and 0.72 ± 0.34 ppb in chlorite and biotite zone rocks down to 0.4 ± 0.22 ppb and 0.34 ± 0.13 ppb in kyanite and sillimanite zone rocks. Average As concentrations decrease from 4.8 ppm (range 0.5 to 17.8 ppm) and 1.96 ± 1.9 ppm in chlorite and biotite zone rocks down to 0.24 ± 0.15 ppm and 0.2 ± 0.12 ppm in kyanite and sillimanite zone rocks. Average Sb concentrations decrease from 0.18 ± 0.15 ppm and 0.11 ± 0.10 ppm in chlorite and biotite zone rocks down to 0.04 ± 0.02 ppm in both kyanite and sillimanite zone rocks. Sulphur and LOI concentrations also show significant decreases. Mass balance calculations indicate that compared to chlorite and biotite zone samples, sillimanite zone samples have an average mass loss of 62 ± 14%, 94 ± 4% and 74 ± 14% for Au, As, and Sb respectively. Every 1 km3 of chlorite-biotite zone mixed psammitic-pelitic protolith rock that is metamorphosed to sillimanite zone conditions would release 1.5 t Au, 8613 t As, 270 t Sb, and 1.02 Mt S. The mobility of these elements is strongly controlled by the paragenesis of sulphide minerals. Pyrite, sphalerite, galena and cobaltite (as well as gersdorffite) decrease in abundance with increasing metamorphic grade in the Dalradian metasedimentary rocks. A critical aspect of the sulphide paragenesis is the transition of pyrite to pyrrhotite. This transition is complete by mid greenschist facies in the Loch Lomond samples but is more gradual at Glen Esk occurring between biotite and sillimanite zones. The Au, As, and Sb content of the sulphide assemblage also decreases with increasing metamorphic grade, and we suggest that this is a controlling factor on the mobility of these metals from the Dalradian metasedimentary rocks during metamorphism. Chlorite may be an important host mineral for As in the greenschist facies rocks. Breakdown of chlorite indirectly drives the mobility of Au, As, and Sb, as this produces the bulk of metamorphic fluid that drives transition between pyrite and pyrrhotite. We suggest that there is potential for significant undiscovered mineralisation in the Central and SW Highlands of Scotland. However, as the total mass of gold mobilised is lower than observed in other metasedimentary terranes such as the Otago and Alpine Schist's, New Zealand, very efficient fluid focussing and trapping mechanisms would be required to form large deposits in the Dalradian of Scotland.

AlGaAsSb Vapor Phase Epitaxy and Laser Program.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-06-01

graded or step-graded ternary film structures to fulfill the role of a sub- strate. One of the objectives of the program, however, was to determine the...0.02 ur/mmn. 27 MRDC81-14083 Fig. 11 RED pattern of the ( iaSb sample of Fig. 6. 28 7- 7 crystal. No samples from this group were submitted to SEM

Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy after switching from reference infliximab to biosimilar SB2 compared with continuing reference infliximab and SB2 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results of a randomised, double-blind, phase III transition study.

PubMed

Smolen, Josef S; Choe, Jung-Yoon; Prodanovic, Nenad; Niebrzydowski, Jaroslaw; Staykov, Ivan; Dokoupilova, Eva; Baranauskaite, Asta; Yatsyshyn, Roman; Mekic, Mevludin; Porawska, Wieslawa; Ciferska, Hana; Jedrychowicz-Rosiak, Krystyna; Zielinska, Agnieszka; Lee, Younju; Rho, Young Hee

2018-02-01

Efficacy, safety and immunogenicity results from the phase III study of SB2, a biosimilar of reference infliximab (INF), were previously reported through 54 weeks. This transition period compared results in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who switched from INF to SB2 with those in patients who maintained treatment with INF or SB2. Patients with moderate to severe RA despite methotrexate treatment were randomised (1:1) to receive SB2 or INF at weeks 0, 2 and 6 and every 8 weeks thereafter until week 46. At week 54, patients previously receiving INF were rerandomised (1:1) to switch to SB2 (INF/SB2 (n=94)) or to continue on INF (INF/INF (n=101)) up to week 70. Patients previously receiving SB2 continued on SB2 (SB2/SB2 (n=201)) up to week 70. Efficacy, safety and immunogenicity were assessed up to week 78. Efficacy was sustained and comparable across treatment groups. American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20 responses between weeks 54 and 78 ranged from 63.5% to 72.3% with INF/SB2, 66.3%%-69.4% with INF/INF and 65.6%-68.3% with SB2/SB2. Treatment-emergent adverse events during this time occurred in 36.2%, 35.6% and 40.3%, respectively, and infusion-related reactions in 3.2%, 2.0% and 3.5%. Among patients who were negative for antidrug antibodies (ADA) up to week 54, newly developed ADAs were reported in 14.6%, 14.9% and 14.1% of the INF/SB2, INF/INF and SB2/SB2 groups, respectively. The efficacy, safety and immunogenicity profiles remained comparable among the INF/SB2, INF/INF and SB2/SB2 groups up to week 78, with no treatment-emergent issues or clinically relevant immunogenicity after switching from INF to SB2. NCT01936181; EudraCT number: 2012-005733-37. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Confirmation of Incorporation of Cu and Se Ions in Applied p- and n-Type-Doped Sb2S3 by Photoemission Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Validžić, Ivana Lj; Popović, Maja; Lojpur, Vesna; Bundaleski, Nenad; Rakočević, Zlatko

2018-04-01

The effect of incorporating copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) ions into stibnite (Sb2S3) lattice was investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The incorporation of Cu and Se ions was verified by comparing the XPS spectra of the undoped (amorphous Sb2S3), doped ( p and n-doped) and pure Se and Cu-acetate powders. The main photoelectron Cu 2p1/2 (951.8 eV) and Cu 2p3/2 (932.1 eV) lines derived from the Cu-doped and Cu-acetate powder samples were clearly observed, whereas in the undoped sample, none of the characteristic lines of Cu were detected. The Se Auger line (138.6 eV), the only line of Se which does not coincide with the lines of Sb and S, was successfully detected in an Se-doped XPS sample and the spectrum of pure Se, while Se in the undoped sample was not found. Further, the XPS measurements revealed the relative amounts of Cu and Se in antimony sulfide, as well as the oxidation state of copper incorporated into the matrix.

Utility of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition, with Ethnically Diverse Preschoolers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dale, Brittany A.; Finch, Maria HernÁndez; Mcintosh, David E.; Rothlisberg, Barbara A.; Finch, W. Holmes

2014-01-01

Current research on the use of revisions of intelligence measures with ethnically diverse populations and younger children is limited. The present study investigated the utility of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition (SB5), with an ethnically diverse preschool sample. African American and Caucasian preschoolers, matched on age,…

Synergistic Strategy to Enhance the Thermoelectric Properties of CoSbS1-xSex Compounds via Solid Solution.

PubMed

Yao, Wei; Yang, Dingfeng; Yan, Yanci; Peng, Kunling; Zhan, Heng; Liu, Anping; Lu, Xu; Wang, Guoyu; Zhou, Xiaoyuan

2017-03-29

High thermal conductivity of CoSbS-based limited its own prospect application in thermoelectric energy conversion. Solid solution is an effective approach to optimize the performance of thermoelectric materials with high lattice thermal conductivity because of the enhanced phonons scattering from disorder atoms. In this paper, we have synthesized and measured the thermoelectric properties of solid solution CoSbS 1-x Se x (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30) series samples. The collaborative optimization (enhancing the power factors and reducing the thermal conductivities) to add zT values were realized via substitution of S atoms with the isoelectronic Se atoms in the matrix. Meanwhile, the lowest room temperature lattice thermal conductivity in CoSbS-based materials is obtained (4.72 W m -1 K -1 ) at present. Benefiting from the results of synergistic strategy, a zT of 0.35 was achieved at 923 K for sample CoSbS 0.85 Se 0.15 , a 59% improvement as compared with that of the pristine CoSbS. Band calculation demonstrated that CoSbS 0.85 Se 0.15 present a similar band dispersion with CoSbS. The mechanism of point defect scattering for reducing the lattice thermal conductivity at room temperature, was also analyzed by the Callaway model. The contributions to decrease the room temperature lattice thermal conductivity from the mass and the strain fluctuation in the crystal are comparable. These results can also be extended to other high-efficiency thermoelectric materials with stiff bond and smaller Gruneisen parameters.

Teacher Quality Indicators as Predictors of Instructional Assessment Practices in Science Classrooms in Secondary Schools in Barbados

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ogunkola, Babalola J.; Archer-Bradshaw, Ramona E.

2013-02-01

This study investigated the self-reported instructional assessment practices of a selected sample of secondary school science teachers in Barbados. The study sought to determine if there were statistically significant differences in the instructional assessment practices of teachers based on their sex and teacher quality (teaching experience, professional qualification and teacher academic qualification). It also sought to determine the extent to which each of these four selected variables individually and jointly affected the teachers' report of their instructional assessment practices. A sample of 55 science teachers from nine secondary schools in Barbados was randomly selected to participate in this study. Data was collected by means of a survey and was analyzed using the means and standard deviations of the instructional assessment practices scores and linear, multiple and binary logistic regression. The results of the study were such that the majority of the sample reported good overall instructional assessment practices while only a few participants reported moderate assessment practices. The instructional assessment practices in the area of student knowledge were mostly moderate as indicated by the sample. There were no statistically significant differences between or among the mean scores of the teachers' reported instructional assessment practices based on sex ( t = 0.10; df = 53; p = 0.992), teaching experience ( F[4,50] = 1.766; p = 0.150), the level of professional qualification (F[3,45] = 0.2117; p = 0.111) or the level of academic qualification (F[2,52] = 0.504; p = 0.607). The independent variables (teacher sex, teaching experience, teacher professional qualification or teacher academic qualification) were not significant predictors of the instructional assessment practices scores. However, teacher sex was a significant predictor of the teachers' report of good instructional assessment practices. The study also found that the joint effect of the variables teacher sex, teaching experience, teacher professional qualification and teacher academic qualification was not significant in predicting the instructional assessment practices scores of the science teachers. However, the joint effect of these variables was statistically significant ( X 2 = 18.482; df = 10; p = 0.047) in predicting the teachers' reported use of good instructional assessment practices. The best predictor of teachers' report of good instructional assessment practices, though not statistically significant, was the diploma in education professional qualification.

Electrical and optical characterization of n-InAsSb/n-GaSb heterojunctions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lackner, D.; Martine, M.; Cherng, Y. T.; Steger, M.; Walukiewicz, W.; Thewalt, M. L. W.; Mooney, P. M.; Watkins, S. P.

2010-01-01

We report the electrical properties of n-InAsSb/n-GaSb heterojunctions as a function of the GaSb doping concentration. Because of the staggered type II band alignment, strong electron accumulation occurs on the InAsSb side. For low GaSb doping, depletion occurs on the GaSb side resulting in a Schottky-like junction as previously reported. As the GaSb doping increases, the built-in voltage as well as depletion width decreases as shown using self-consistent simulations. For GaSb doping levels above 5×1017 cm-3, the junction loses its rectifying properties due to tunneling. Under zero and reverse bias voltage, the photoresponse of these diodes is solely due to the photovoltaic effect in the GaSb depletion region. For forward bias voltages >400 mV, we also observed a photoconductive response from the InAsSb layer. The proposed physical mechanism is quite different from the one suggested in a recent paper.

Thermoelectric properties of cobalt antimonide>-based skutterudites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Jian

Solid state cooling and power generation based on thermoelectric principles are regarded as one of the technologies with the potential of solving the current energy crisis. Thermoelectric devices could be widely used in waste heat recovery, small scale power generation and refrigeration. It has no moving parts and is environmental friendly. The limitation to its application is due to its low efficiency. Most of the current commercialized thermoelectric materials have figure of merit (ZT) around 1. To be comparable with kitchen refrigerator, ZT≃ 3 is required at room temperature. Skutterudites have emerged as member of the novel materials, which potentially have a higher ZT. In the dissertation, my investigation will be focused on the optimization of CoSb3-based skutterudites. Starting with Co and Sb elements, CoSb3 will form through a high energy ball mill. Unfortunately, even after 20 hours, only a small percentage of the powders have transformed in into CoSb3. Then the powders will be compacted into bulk samples by DC-controlled hot press. CoSb3 single phase will form after press. Characterization of the structure and thermoelectric properties will be presented with details. The effects of synthesis conditions on thermoelectric properties of skutterudites were studied and discussed. Several possible methods of improving the ZT of N type skutterudites were applied. The highest obtained ZT thus far is ˜1.2 from Yb doped CoSb3. For a group of samples with nominal composition YbxCo4Sb12, the increased Yb concentration in our samples not only enhanced the power factor due to electron doping effect but also decreased the thermal conductivity due to a stronger rattling effect. In addition, the increased grain boundary density per unit volume due to the small grains in our bulk skutterudite materials may have also helped to enhance the phonon scattering and thus to reduce the thermal conductivity. Single and double doping methods with different combinations were also tried. So far, none of them have surpassed ZT=1.2. Mixing different materials with Yb 0.35Co4Sb12 so far to increase the phonon scattering was also performed. No dramatic thermal conductivity reduction was observed. Small amounts of Fe/Mn substitution on Co sites will decrease the power factor to undesired degrees. Some results with Nd filled P type sample will be briefly introduced. P type samples are also obtained through substitution on Sb site. Preliminary work on preparing the electrode for CoSb3 will be presented in the dissertation. CoSi2 has low resistivity, and a similar coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) as of doped CoSb3. It is good electrode candidate. DC-controlled hot press is used to make the contact. Thermal stability of the contact was tested. Small cracks will form in the contact area, further improvement is necessary. Finally, my previous work on ZnO nanowire growth is briefly introduced. Large throughput of ZnO nanowire could be obtained with NaCl as the support to promote the conversion of Zn powder to ZnO.

Activity measurements of the radionuclide 124Sb by the LNE-LNHB, France for the ongoing comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Sb-124

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Michotte, C.; Ratel, G.; Moune, M.; Bobin, C.

2011-01-01

In 2007, the Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais-Laboratoire national Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), France submitted a sample of known activity of 124Sb to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The activity was about 5.3 MBq. The key comparison reference value (KCRV) has been recalculated to include this new value and the degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity for the three participants measured in the SIR and the KCRV are presented in a table and graphically. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI Section II, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).

Is increasing industrialization affecting remote ecosystem health in the South Americas? Insights from ocean surface water measurements of As, Sb and Pb from a GEOTRACES transect

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weiss, Dominik; Salaun, Pascal; Van den Berg, Stan; Bi, Zaoshun

2014-05-01

Continued industrial development of the South Americas with increasing atmospheric emission of toxic trace metals has lead to a growing concern about possible effects on pristine ecosystem health. Concentration measurements of trace metals in ocean surface waters in the North Atlantic have successfully revealed the global extent of atmospheric pollution in the Northern Hemisphere during economical growth in the USA and Europe, suggesting a similar approach can be applied to the Southern Hemisphere. To this end, we determined concentrations of lead (Pb), antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As) using voltammetry in surface water samples of the South Atlantic Ocean collected during the third leg of the GEOTRACES West Atlantic Cruise. These elements are volatile and therefore most likely suitable tracer elements of industrial emissions from South America. The samples were not filtered and the solutions were acidified and UV digested. Total concentrations of Pb were detected. Detected As levels correspond to the sum of inorganic species (AsIII + AsV) plus the mono methyl arsenic acid (MMA) while the dimethyl arsenic acid (DMA) is not detected in such conditions. For Sb, detected levels correspond at least to the sum of inorganic fractions (SbIII + SbV). The measured concentrations for Pb varied from 6 to 23 pM. Concentrations were highest at -35° latitude and lowest at -40° and -50° latitude. We found a decreasing trend from about -35° latitude southwards. The average concentrations of As was 20 nM and of Sb 1.2 nM. Arsenic showed a more significant north to south trend than Sb. Arsenic concentration was highest at -23 ° latitude (21 nM) and the lowest at -43 ° latitude (17.7 nM). Antimony concentration was highest at -31 ° latitude (1.5 nM) and lowest at -35 ° latitude (1.0 nM). Our preliminary data suggests that the major industrial centres in Brazil (i.e., Sao Paolo, Rio de Janeiro) and Argentina (i.e., Buenos Aires) affect atmospheric metal fluxes to remote environments. The concentrations, however, are not as high as determined in the Northern Hemisphere, suggesting a less drastic impact. That is also reflected in air quality data from the major cities.

Incremental Sampling Methodology (ISM) for Metallic Residues

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-08-01

Deviation (also %RSD) Sb Antimony Sn Tin Sr Strontium STD Standard Deviation ERDC TR-13-5 x SU Sampling Unit Ti Titanium UCL Upper Confidence Limit...Ce), chromium (Cr), Cu, Fe, Pb, mag- nesium (Mg), Mn, potassium (K), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), titanium (Ti), W, zirconium (Zr), and Zn (Clausen...wastes. A proposed alternative to EPA SW 846 Method 3050. Environmental Science and Technology 23: 89 −900. Matzke, B., N. Hassig, J. Wilson, R. Gilber

Thermal degradation of Lewis acid complexed LDPE films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sreelatha, K.; Predeep, P.

2017-06-01

The study highlights the thermal behavior of the semiconducting LDPE films synthesized by SbCl5 doping. The structural peculiarities and the responses of the structure to energetic modifications are studied. TGA and DTG curves are used to determine the thermal stability of the material. Degradation kinetics is elucidated. Activation energy and the entropy of activation for the degradation of the samples are calculated using Coats-Redfern plots and the samples show appreciable thermal stability.

Observation of coherent optical phonons excited by femtosecond laser radiation in Sb films by ultrafast electron diffraction method

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mironov, B. N.; Kompanets, V. O.; Aseev, S. A., E-mail: isanfemto@yandex.ru

2017-03-15

The generation of coherent optical phonons in a polycrystalline antimony film sample has been investigated using femtosecond electron diffraction method. Phonon vibrations have been induced in the Sb sample by the main harmonic of a femtosecond Ti:Sa laser (λ = 800 nm) and probed by a pulsed ultrashort photoelectron beam synchronized with the pump laser. The diffraction patterns recorded at different times relative to the pump laser pulse display oscillations of electron diffraction intensity corresponding to the frequencies of vibrations of optical phonons: totally symmetric (A{sub 1g}) and twofold degenerate (E{sub g}) phonon modes. The frequencies that correspond to combinationsmore » of these phonon modes in the Sb sample have also been experimentally observed.« less

Thermoelectric Properties of Mg2Si0.995Sb0.005 Prepared by the High-Pressure High-Temperature Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Jialiang; Chen, Gang; Duan, Bo; Zhu, Yaju; Hu, Xiaojun; Zhai, Pengcheng; Li, Peng

2017-05-01

Mg2Si0.995Sb0.005 compound was prepared by the high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) method. The simultaneous synthesis and consolidation in one step could be completed in <15 min. The effects of pressure and temperature on the thermoelectric properties of Mg2Si0.995Sb0.005 were analyzed in this work. With the pressure and temperature increasing, the electrical conductivity rises markedly, while the Seebeck coefficient changes slightly, which results in significant enhancement of the power factor. The Mg2Si0.995Sb0.005 sample prepared under the condition of 1073 K and 2 GPa achieves the highest power factor of ˜2.12 × 10-3 W m-1 K-2 at 575 K. As the sample prepared at 973 K and 2 GPa retains a lower thermal conductivity, it obtains the highest thermoelectric figure-of-merit ZT ˜0.62 at 800 K. In conclusion, the HPHT method can serve as a route to prepare Sb-doped Mg2Si thermoelectric materials efficiently.

Executive functions in adolescents with spina bifida: relations with autonomy development and parental intrusiveness.

PubMed

Tuminello, Elizabeth R; Holmbeck, Grayson N; Olson, Rick

2012-01-01

The current study was part of a larger longitudinal investigation and examined the relation of parent-report and performance measures of executive functioning (EF) with measures of behavioral and emotional autonomy and parental intrusiveness in adolescents with and without spina bifida (SB; n=65 in a comparison sample and 61 in an SB sample; M age=14.55, SD=0.63). For both groups, higher levels of parent-reported EF problems predicted higher levels of observed child dependency and lower levels of teacher-reported intrinsic motivation. Higher scores on performance EF measures predicted lower levels of observed child dependency and observed maternal intrusiveness for both groups. In adolescents with SB only, higher performance EF scores predicted higher intrinsic motivation and emotional autonomy from both mother and father and predicted lower levels of observed paternal intrusiveness. While causal conclusions cannot be drawn, EFs appear to be closely related to autonomy development and parental intrusiveness, particularly for adolescents with SB. These results suggest that the inclusion of EF training in interventions targeting adolescents with SB may be beneficial for autonomy development.

Surface photoelectric and visible light driven photocatalytic properties of zinc antimonate-based photocatalysts

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, Shaojun; Li, Guoqiang; Zhang, Yang

2013-03-15

Highlights: ► N-doped and pristine ZnSb{sub 2}O{sub 6} photocatalysts were synthesized by a facile method. ► N-doped ZnSb{sub 2}O{sub 6} shows a significant enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity. ► The N-doped ZnSb{sub 2}O{sub 6} shows the reduced surface photovoltage signals. - Abstract: The N-doped and pristine ZnSb{sub 2}O{sub 6} photocatalysts were synthesized by a facile method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis spectroscopy, surface photovoltage spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The photocatalytic activities of the prepared samples were evaluated from the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under full arc and visible light irradiation of Xe lamp. Themore » XRD and UV–vis results indicated that the N-doping did not change the crystal structure, but decrease the band gap in comparison with the pristine one. The N-doped ZnSb{sub 2}O{sub 6} shows the reduced surface photovoltage signals and the significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity under two irradiation conditions.« less

Controllable crystal growth and fast reversible crystallization-to-amorphization in Sb2Te-TiO2 films

PubMed Central

Wang, Guoxiang; Li, Chao; Shi, Daotian; Nie, Qiuhua; Wang, Hui; Shen, Xiang; Lu, Yegang

2017-01-01

The structure evolution and crystallization processes of Sb2Te-TiO2 films have been investigated. The Sb2Te-rich nanocrystals, surrounded by TiO2 amorphous phases, are observed in the annealed Sb2Te-TiO2 composite films. The segregated domains exhibit obvious chalcogenide/TiOx interfaces, which elevate crystallization temperature, impede the grain growth and increase crystalline resistance. Compared with that in conventional Ge2Sb2Te5 film, the shorter time for onset crystallization (25 ns) and amorphization (100 ns) has been achieved in as-deposited (Sb2Te)94.7(TiO2)5.3 film under 60 mW laser irradiation. The corresponding recrystallization and re-amorphization can also be realized in the film. From Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) analysis, it is further found that the one-dimensional grain growth with controlled interface is dominant for the film during the fast phase-change process. Therefore, (Sb2Te)94.7(TiO2)5.3 film with improved crystallization mechanism is promising for high-stable and fast-speed memory applications. PMID:28397858

Controllable crystal growth and fast reversible crystallization-to-amorphization in Sb2Te-TiO2 films.

PubMed

Wang, Guoxiang; Li, Chao; Shi, Daotian; Nie, Qiuhua; Wang, Hui; Shen, Xiang; Lu, Yegang

2017-04-11

The structure evolution and crystallization processes of Sb 2 Te-TiO 2 films have been investigated. The Sb 2 Te-rich nanocrystals, surrounded by TiO 2 amorphous phases, are observed in the annealed Sb 2 Te-TiO 2 composite films. The segregated domains exhibit obvious chalcogenide/TiO x interfaces, which elevate crystallization temperature, impede the grain growth and increase crystalline resistance. Compared with that in conventional Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 film, the shorter time for onset crystallization (25 ns) and amorphization (100 ns) has been achieved in as-deposited (Sb 2 Te) 94.7 (TiO 2 ) 5.3 film under 60 mW laser irradiation. The corresponding recrystallization and re-amorphization can also be realized in the film. From Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) analysis, it is further found that the one-dimensional grain growth with controlled interface is dominant for the film during the fast phase-change process. Therefore, (Sb 2 Te) 94.7 (TiO 2 ) 5.3 film with improved crystallization mechanism is promising for high-stable and fast-speed memory applications.

Characteristics of belching, swallowing, and gastroesophageal reflux in belching patients based on Rome III criteria.

PubMed

Li, Jianbo; Xiao, Yinglian; Peng, Sui; Lin, Jinkun; Chen, Minhu

2013-08-01

Belching is a common disorder with undetermined pathogenesis. With the combined multichannel intraluminal impedance pH monitoring, two different models of belching have been defined: gastric belching (GB) and supragastric belching (SB). The aim of this study was to assess whether SB was associated with air swallowing as compared with GB or healthy volunteers based on Rome III criteria. Consecutive patients who presented with troublesome repetitive belching were recruited. Both upper endoscopy and multichannel intraluminal impedance pH monitoring were performed. Patients were divided into two groups: SB and GB groups according to the percentage of the predominant belching types. Twenty volunteers were enrolled as healthy controls. The number of air swallowing, regular swallowing, and gastroesophageal reflux profile was compared among the three groups. Thirty-seven patients were included in the study: 25 in the SB group and 12 in GB group. SB patients presented more belching events than GB patients (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences among the SB, GB patients, and healthy volunteers concerning the episodes of air swallowing and regular swallowing (P > 0.05). No significant difference was found among the three groups in regard with the reflux parameters (P > 0.05). The number of gas-containing reflux episodes were 33.0 (20.0, 48.0), 39.5 (29.5, 47.5), and 30.5 (27.0, 41.8) among SB, GB, and healthy volunteers (P = 0.383), respectively. SB patients presented with more belching events compared with GB patients. However, air swallowing and reflux profile were similar among the SB, GB patients, and normal controls. © 2013 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

Could the 5-HT1B receptor inverse agonism affect learning consolidation?

PubMed

Meneses, A

2001-03-01

Diverse evidence indicates that, the 5-HT system might play a role in learning and memory, since it occurs in brain areas mediating such processes and 5-HT drugs modulate them. Hence in this work, in order to explore further 5-HT involvement on learning and memory 5-HT1B receptors' role is investigated. Evidence indicates that SB-224289 (a 5-HT1B receptor inverse agonist) post-training injection facilitated learning consolidation in an associative autoshaping learning task, this effect was partially reversed by GR 127935 (a 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonist), but unaffected by MDL 100907 (a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist) or ketanserin (a 5-HT1D/2A/7 receptor antagonist) at low doses. Moreover, SB-224289 antagonized the learning deficit produced by TFMPP (a 5-HT1A/1B/1D/2A/2C receptor agonist), GR 46611 (a 5-HT1A/1B/1D receptor agonist), mCPP (a 5-HT2A/2C/3/7 receptor agonist/antagonist) or GR 127935 (at low dose). SB-224289 did not alter the 8-OH-DPAT (a 5-HT1A/7 receptor agonist) learning facilitatory effect. SB-224289 eliminated the deficit learning produced by the anticholinergic muscarinic scopolamine or the glutamatergic antagonist dizocilpine. Administration of both, GR 127935 (5mg/kg) plus ketanserin (0.01 mg/kg) did not modify learning consolidation; nevertheless, when ketanserin dose was increased (0.1-1.0mg/kg) and SB-224289 dose was maintained constant, a learning facilitation effect was observed. Notably, SB-224289 at 1.0mg/kg potentiated a subeffective dose of the 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist/antagonist mixed GR 127935, which facilitated learning consolidation and this effect was abolished by ketanserin at a higher dose. Collectively, the data confirm and extend the earlier findings with GR 127935 and the effects of non-selective 5-HT(1B) receptor agonists. Clearly 5-HT1B agonists induced a learning deficit which can be reversed with SB-224289. Perhaps more importantly, SB-224289 enhances learning consolidation when given alone and can reverse the deficits induced by both cholinergic and glutamatergic antagonist. Hence, 5-HT1B receptor inverse agonists or antagonists could represent drugs for the treatment of learning and memory dysfunctions.

High Bismuth Alloys as Lead-Free Alternatives for Interconnects in High-Temperature Electronics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mallampati, Sandeep

Predominant high melting point solders for high-temperature electronics (operating temperatures from 200 to 250°C) are Pb-based which are being banned from usage due to their toxic nature. In this study, high bismuth alloy compositions (Bi-14Cu-8Sn, Bi-20Sb-10Cu, Bi-15Sb-10Cu and Bi-10Sb-10Cu) were designed, cast, and characterized to understand their potential as replacements. The desirable aspect of Bi is its high melting temperature, which is 271°C. Alloying elements Sn, Sb and Cu were added to improve some of its properties such as thermal conductivity, plasticity, and reactivity with Cu and Ni surface. Metallographic sectioning and microstructure analysis were performed on the bulk alloys to compare the evolution of phases predicted from equilibrium phase diagrams. Reflow processes were developed to make die-attach samples out of the proposed alloys and die-shear testing was carried out to characterize mechanical integrity of the joint. Thermal shock between -55°C to 200°C and high temperature storage at 200°C were performed on the assembled die-attach samples to study microstructure evolution and mechanical behavior of the reflowed alloys under accelerated testing conditions. In addition, heat dissipation capabilities, using flash diffusivity, were measured on the bulk alloys and also on the die-attach assembly. Finally, tensile testing was performed on the dogbone specimens to identify the potential for plastic deformation and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis was used to study the grain orientations on the fracture surfaces and their influence on the crack propagation. Bi-14Cu-8Sn has formed BiNi by on the die backside metallization and the reaction with Cu was poor. This has resulted in weaker substrate side interface. It was observed that Bi-Sb alloys have strong reactivity with Ni (forming Bi3Ni, BiNi and NiSb intermetallic phases), and with Cu (forming Cu2Sb, Cu4Sb). Spallation was observed in NiSb interfacial intermetallic layer and the reflow process was optimized to minimize spallation. Die-attach joints made out of Bi-15Sb-10Cu alloy, with the improved reflow process, have shown an average shear strength of 24 MPa with low standard deviation, which is comparable to that of commercially available high Pb solders. Bi-15Sb-10Cu alloy has shown limited plastic deformation in room temperature testing. The fracture propagated through the (111) cleavage planes of rhombohedral crystal structure of the Bi(Sb) matrix. The same alloy has shown up to 7% plastic strain under tension when tested at 175°C. The cleavage planes, which were oriented at higher angles to the tensile axis, contributed to plasticity in the high temperature test. The thermal conductivity of all the alloys was higher than that of pure Bi. Cu2Sb precipitates form high conductive paths in a matrix that has relatively lower conductivity, thereby enhancing thermal conductivity of the Bi alloys. By creating high volume fraction of precipitates in a die-attach joint microstructure, it was feasible to further increase the thermal conductivity of this joint to 24 W/m˙K, which is three times higher than that of pure Bi (8 W/m˙K). Delamination along the die side interfacial NiSb layer was the most commonly observed failure mode in thermal shock tests. The die-attach samples made with Bi-15Sb-10Cu, however, retained the original shear strength even after thermal shock and high temperature storage. The microstructures of these samples revealed formation of Bi3Ni on the die side interface that prevented it from being delaminated. Bi-15Sb-10Cu alloy has so far shown the most promising performance as a die-attach material for high temperature applications (operated over 200°C).

Evaluation of layered double hydroxide/graphene hybrid as a sorbent in membrane-protected stir-bar supported micro-solid-phase extraction for determination of organochlorine pesticides in urine samples.

PubMed

Sajid, Muhammad; Basheer, Chanbasha; Daud, Muhammad; Alsharaa, Abdulnaser

2017-03-17

In this work, the potential of layered double hydroxide/graphene (LDH-G) hybrid as a sorbent for extraction and preconcentration of fifteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in urine samples was evaluated. The LDH-G hybrid was synthesized by co-precipitation method and it was then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The sorbent was then employed in membrane-protected stir-bar supported micro-solid-phase extraction (SB-μ-SPE) of OCPs in urine samples. This extraction approach is highly suitable for the samples representing matrix complexity such as urine because the sorbent is effectively protected inside the membrane. The extracted samples were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The factors that affect the performance of SB-μ-SPE were suitably optimized. This method demonstrated good linearity with coefficients of determination up to 0.9996. The limits of detection ranged between 0.22 and 1.38ngmL -1 . The RSD values for intra and inter-day precision were also in a satisfactory range (2.7-9.5%). Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Enhanced thermoelectric properties in Bi and Te doped p-type Cu3SbSe4 compound

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Aparabal; Dhama, P.; Banerji, P.

2018-04-01

We report the effect of Bi and Te doping on the electrical transport and thermoelectric properties of Cu3SbSe4 with an aim to maximize the power factor and/or minimize the thermal conductivity. A series of Cu3Sb1-xBixSe4-yTey (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08; y = 0.01) samples were prepared by melt growth technique and ball milling followed by spark plasma sintering. The structural analysis and microstructures were carried out by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and Field emission scanning electron microscopy. Electrical resistivity is found to decrease with increase in doping contents, which is due to increase in carrier concentration and formation of acceptor level inside the energy gap. Reduction in thermal conductivity with increase in Bi content is attributed to scattering of phonons through grain boundaries and mass fluctuation. Maximum figure of merit (ZT ˜ 0.76) was achieved in the Cu3Sb0.98Bi0.02Se3.99Te0.01 sample at 650 K, which is approximately twice of the Cu3SbSe4. The results reveal that the Bi and Te doped Cu3SbSe4 leads to remarkable improvement in its thermoelectric properties.

Compositional Control of the Mixed Anion Alloys in Gallium-Free InAs/InAsSb Superlattice Materials for Infrared Sensing (Postprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-08-28

AFRL-RX-WP-JA-2016-0251 COMPOSITIONAL CONTROL OF THE MIXED ANION ALLOYS IN GALLIUM -FREE InAs/InAsSb SUPERLATTICE MATERIALS FOR...ANION ALLOYS IN GALLIUM -FREE InAs/InAsSb SUPERLATTICE MATERIALS FOR INFRARED SENSING (POSTPRINT) 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER FA8650-07-D-5800-0006 5b...proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org doi: 10.1117/12.2186188 14. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words) Gallium (Ga)-free InAs/InAsSb superlattices (SLs) are being actively explored for

Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Studies of Pb m Sb n ( m + n ≤ 9) Alloy Clusters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Song, Bingyi; Xu, Baoqiang; Yang, Bin; Jiang, Wenlong; Chen, Xiumin; Xu, Na; Liu, Dachun; Dai, Yongnian

2017-10-01

Structure, stability, and dynamics of Pb m Sb n ( m + n ≤ 9) clusters were investigated using ab initio molecular dynamics. Size dependence of binding energies, the second-order energy difference of clusters, dissociation energy, HOMO-LUMO gaps, Mayer bond order, and the diffusion coefficient of Pb m Sb n clusters were discussed. Results suggest that Pb3Sb2, Pb4Sb2, and Pb5Sb4 ( n = 2 or 4) clusters have higher stability than other clusters, which is consistent with previous findings. In case of Pb-Sb alloy, the dynamics results show that Pb4Sb2 (Pb-22.71 wt pct Sb) can exist in gas phase at 1073 K (800 °C), which reasonably explains the azeotropic phenomenon, and the calculated values are in agreement with the experimental results (Pb-22 wt pct Sb).

Tunable plasmonic nanocavity with Ge2Sb2Te5 film for directional launching of surface plasmons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jeong, Hee-Dong; Hwang, Chi-Young; Kim, Hyuntai; Choi, Muhan; Lee, Seung-Yeol

2018-04-01

A tunable plasmonic nanocavity which consists of a metallic groove with submerged ultra-thin Ge2Sb2Te5 film is proposed for controlling the on/off characteristics of directional surface plasmon polaritions (SPPs) launching. Different mechanisms of launching SPPs using two orthogonal incident polarizations are investigated to reveal the SPP generation characteristics from the proposed nanocavity. By choosing the appropriate position of Ge2Sb2Te5 film, we report that the directional launching characteristics of SPPs can be controlled by changing the phase state of extremely small volume of Ge2Sb2Te5 film, which shows up to 37 dB of extinction ratio changing characteristics.

Thermal, structural and optical properties of new TeO2sbnd Sb2O3sbnd GeO2 ternary glasses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pereira, C.; Barbosa, J.; Cassanjes, F. C.; Gonçalves, R. R.; Ribeiro, S. J. L.; Poirier, G.

2016-12-01

In this work the novel glass system TeO2sbnd Sb2O3sbnd GeO2 was investigated and promising glass compositions were selected for further specific studies. Glass samples in the (80-0.8x)TeO2-(20-0.2x)Sb2O3-xGeO2 molar composition were prepared by the melt-quenching method with a glass-forming domain from x = 10 to x = 90. Samples were investigated by XRD, DSC, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and UV-visible absorption. The XRD and DSC results bring informations about the non-crystalline state and thermal properties of these materials. It has been observed that higher GeO2 contents lead to higher glass transition temperatures and thermal stabilities against crystallization. FTIR and Raman spectroscopies suggest a progressive incorporation of GeO2 in the covalent network of TeO2 with conversion of structural units TeO4 to TeO3. Absorption spectra revealed the high visible transparency of these samples and an increase of the optical band gap with GeO2 addition, in agreement with a decreasing polarizability of the glass network. Er3+ doped and Er3+/Yb3+ codoped samples were also studied with respect to their infrared emission properties and higher GeO2 contents lead to an increase in IR emission intensity at 1,5 μm as well as longer radiative lifetimes. Finally, upconversion emission in the visible were also recorded and were shown to be strongly dependent of the composition.

Thermomechanical Properties of Sb2O3-TeO2-V2O5 Glassy Systems: Thermal Stability, Glass Forming Tendency and Vickers Hardness

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Souri, Dariush; Torkashvand, Ziba

2017-04-01

Three-component 40TeO2-(60- x)V2O5- xSb2O3 glasses with 0 ≤ x ≤ 10 (in mol.%) were obtained by the rapid melt-quenching method. These glasses were studied with respect to some mechanical properties with the goal of obtaining information about their structure. The Vickers hardness test was employed to obtain Vickers micro-hardness ( H V) at two different loads, which was within the range of 13.187-17.557 GPa for a typical 0.1 HV (0.9807 N) load. In addition, theoretical micro-hardness ( H) was investigated and compared with experimental H V, showing the elevating trend with increase of Sb2O3 content, as for H V. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed within the range of 150-500°C at heating rates of φ = 3 K/min, 6 K/min, 9 K/min, 10 K/min, and 13 K/min. In this work, thermal stability ( T s = T cr - T x) and glass forming tendency ( K gl) were measured and reported for these glasses to determine the relationship between the chemical composition and the thermal stability, in order to interpret the structure of glass. Generally, from the ascertained outputs [analysis of mechanical data, titration study, the values of reduced fraction of vanadium ions ( C V) and oxygen molar volume ( V_{{O}}^{*} )], it was found that the micro-hardness had an increasing trend with increasing the Sb2O3 content. Among the studied glasses, the sample with x = 8 had a higher average micro-hardness value, the highest average thermal stability and glass forming tendency with respect to the other samples, which makes it a useful material (owning very good resistance against thermal attacks) for device manufacturing.

Profiling microbial community in a watershed heavily contaminated by an active antimony (Sb) mine in Southwest China.

PubMed

Sun, Weimin; Xiao, Enzong; Dong, Yiran; Tang, Song; Krumins, Valdis; Ning, Zengping; Sun, Min; Zhao, Yanlong; Wu, Shiliang; Xiao, Tangfu

2016-04-15

Located in Southwest China, the Chahe watershed has been severely contaminated by upstream active antimony (Sb) mines. The extremely high concentrations of Sb make the Chahe watershed an excellent model to elucidate the response of indigenous microbial activities within a severe Sb-contaminated environment. In this study, water and surface sediments from six locations in the Chahe watershed with different levels of Sb contamination were analyzed. Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons revealed more than 40 phyla from the domain Bacteria and 2 phyla from the domain Archaea. Sequences assigned to the genera Flavobacterium, Sulfuricurvum, Halomonas, Shewanella, Lactobacillus, Acinetobacter, and Geobacter demonstrated high relative abundances in all sequencing libraries. Spearman's rank correlations indicated that a number of microbial phylotypes were positively correlated with different speciation of Sb, suggesting potential roles of these phylotypes in microbial Sb cycling. Canonical correspondence analysis further demonstrated that geochemical parameters, including water temperature, pH, total Fe, sulfate, aqueous Sb, and Eh, significantly structured the overall microbial community in Chahe watershed samples. Our findings offer a direct and reliable reference to the diversity of microbial communities in the presence of extremely high Sb concentrations, and may have potential implications for in situ bioremediation strategies of Sb contaminated sites. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Source Identification Of Airborne Antimony On The Basis Of The Field Monitoring And The Source Profiling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iijima, A.; Sato, K.; Fujitani, Y.; Fujimori, E.; Tanabe, K.; Ohara, T.; Shimoda, M.; Kozawa, K.; Furuta, N.

2008-12-01

The results of the long-term monitoring of airborne particulate matter (APM) in Tokyo indicated that APM have been extremely enriched with antimony (Sb) compared to crustal composition. This observation suggests that the airborne Sb is distinctly derived from human activities. According to the material flow analysis, automotive brake abrasion dust and fly ash from waste incinerator were suspected as the significant Sb sources. To clarify the emission sources of the airborne Sb, elemental composition, particle size distribution, and morphological profiles of dust particles collected from two possible emission sources were characterized and compared to the field observation data. Brake abrasion dust samples were generated by using a brake dynamometer. During the abrasion test, particle size distribution was measured by an aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer. Concurrently, size- classified dust particles were collected by an Andersen type air sampler. Fly ash samples were collected from several municipal waste incinerators, and the bulk ash samples were re-dispersed into an enclosed chamber. The measurement of particle size distribution and the collection of size-classified ash particles were conducted by the same methodologies as described previously. Field observations of APM were performed at a roadside site and a residential site by using an Andersen type air sampler. Chemical analyses of metallic elements were performed by an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometr. Morphological profiling of the individual particle was conducted by a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. High concentration of Sb was detected from both of two possible sources. Particularly, Sb concentrations in a brake abrasion dust were extremely high compared to that in an ambient APM, suggesting that airborne Sb observed at the roadside might have been largely derived from mechanical abrasion of automotive brake pads. The peak of the mass-based particle size distribution of brake abrasion dust was found in a diameter of 2-3 μm. From the morphological viewpoints, shape of brake abrasion dust particle was typically edge- shaped, and high concentrated Sb and sulfur were simultaneously detected in a brake abrasion dust particle because Sb2S3 is used as a solid lubricant for automotive brake pad. Indeed, at the roadside site, total concentration of airborne Sb was twice as much as that observed at residential site. Moreover, the most concentrated Sb was found in a diameter of 2.1-3.6 μm for the roadside APM. Furthermore, in the collected particles with this size range, we found a number of particles of which morphological profiles were similar to those of the brake abrasion dust. Consequently, an automotive brake abrasion dust is expected as the predominant source of airborne Sb in the roadside atmosphere.

GaSb-based composite quantum wells for laser diodes operating in the telecom wavelength range near 1.55-μm

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cerutti, L.; Rodriguez, J.-B.; Madiomanana, K.

We have investigated in detail the material, optical, and lasing properties of innovative GaInSb/AlInSb composite quantum wells (CQWs). The CQWs are confined by AlGaAsSb barrier layers, and a monolayer-thin AlInSb barrier layer has been inserted within the GaInSb QWs in order to achieve lasing emission within the telecom window. High-resolution X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopies reveal high structural quality of the samples. Inserting AlInSb layers allows wider QWs, and thus higher gain-material volume and CQW/optical mode overlap. This translates into better laser performances. Near room temperature, a threshold current of 85 mA and an output power of ∼30more » mW/uncoated-facet under continuous wave operation are demonstrated at 1.55 μm with 10 μm × 1 mm laser diodes.« less

Qualifications at Level 5: Progressing in a Career or to Higher Education. Working Paper No 23

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grm, Slava Pevec; Bjørnåvold, Jens

2014-01-01

This study addresses qualifications at level 5 of the European qualifications framework (EQF) in 15 countries (Belgium (Flanders), the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, France, Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, the United Kingdom (EWNI and Scotland) that had linked their national…

49 CFR 391.49 - Alternative physical qualification standards for the loss or impairment of limbs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Alternative physical qualification standards for... INSTRUCTORS Physical Qualifications and Examinations § 391.49 Alternative physical qualification standards for... board certified physiatrist (doctor of physical medicine) or orthopedic surgeon. The coapplicant motor...

49 CFR 391.49 - Alternative physical qualification standards for the loss or impairment of limbs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Alternative physical qualification standards for... INSTRUCTORS Physical Qualifications and Examinations § 391.49 Alternative physical qualification standards for... board certified physiatrist (doctor of physical medicine) or orthopedic surgeon. The coapplicant motor...

49 CFR 391.49 - Alternative physical qualification standards for the loss or impairment of limbs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Alternative physical qualification standards for... INSTRUCTORS Physical Qualifications and Examinations § 391.49 Alternative physical qualification standards for... board certified physiatrist (doctor of physical medicine) or orthopedic surgeon. The coapplicant motor...

49 CFR 391.49 - Alternative physical qualification standards for the loss or impairment of limbs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Alternative physical qualification standards for... INSTRUCTORS Physical Qualifications and Examinations § 391.49 Alternative physical qualification standards for... board certified physiatrist (doctor of physical medicine) or orthopedic surgeon. The coapplicant motor...

49 CFR 391.49 - Alternative physical qualification standards for the loss or impairment of limbs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Alternative physical qualification standards for... INSTRUCTORS Physical Qualifications and Examinations § 391.49 Alternative physical qualification standards for... board certified physiatrist (doctor of physical medicine) or orthopedic surgeon. The coapplicant motor...

Synergistic Effect of Combined Hollow Viscus Injuries on Intra-Abdominal Abscess Formation.

PubMed

Paulus, Elena M; Croce, Martin A; Shahan, Charles P; Zarzaur, Ben L; Sharpe, John P; Dileepan, Amirtha; Boyd, Brandon S; Fabian, Timothy C

2015-07-01

The strong association between penetrating colon injuries and intra-abdominal abscess (IAA) formation is well established and attributed to high colon bacterial counts. Since trauma patients are rarely fasting at injury, stomach and small bowel colony counts are also elevated. We hypothesized that there is a synergistic effect of increased IAA formation with concomitant stomach and/or colon injuries when compared to small bowel injuries alone. Consecutive patients at a level one trauma center with penetrating small bowel (SB), stomach (S), and/or colon (C) injuries from 1996 to 2012 were reviewed. Logistic regression determined associations with IAA, adjusting for age, gender, Injury Severity Score (ISS), admission Glasgow Coma Score, transfusions, and concurrent pancreas or liver injury. A total of 1518 patients (91% male, ISS = 15.9 ± 8.4) were identified: 496 (33%) SB, 231 (15%) S, 288 (19%) C, 40 (3%) S + SB, 69 (5%) S + C, 338 (22%) C + SB, and 56 (4%) S + C + SB. 148 (10%) patients developed IAA: 4 per cent SB, 9 per cent S, 10 per cent C, 5 per cent S + SB, 22 per cent S + C, 13 per cent C + SB, and 25 per cent S + C + SB. Multiple logistic regression demonstrated that ISS, 24 hour blood transfusions, and concomitant pancreatic or liver injuries were associated with IAA. Compared with reference SB, S or S + SB injuries were no more likely to develop IAA. However, S + C, SB + C, and S + C + SB injuries were significantly more likely to have IAA. In conclusion, combined stomach + colon, small bowel + colon, and stomach, colon, + small bowel injuries have a synergistic effect leading to increased IAA formation after penetrating injuries. Heightened clinical suspicion for IAA formation is necessary in these combined hollow viscus injury patients.

Insights from Existing Data on the DoD Industrial Base: Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing Example

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-01

ELECTRIC BOAT CORP 798 SDB Air Force RAYTHEON CO 790 DDG 51 Navy HUNTINGTON INGALLS INC 694 DDG 51 Navy HUNTINGTON INGALLS INC 598 V22 Navy...Business Subcontractors SB subcontractors SB contracts SB dollars # % # % Amount % SDB , self identified 6 5 10 5 6,658,000 2 Woman Owned 17 15 37 17

Low temperature thermoelectric properties of hot pressed composite samples of CrSb2: evidence for possible phonon-drag effect.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pokharel, Mani; Koirala, Machhindra; Ren, Zhifeng; Opeil, Cyril

We present on the thermoelectric transport properties of CrSb2 samples prepared by hot-press densification in the temperature range of 2 - 350 K. At around 10 K, the thermal conductivity of CrSb2 decreases dramatically by three orders of magnitude compared to the single crystal counterpart. Analysis shows that the reduced thermal conductivity results from increased scattering of the phonons off the grain-boundaries within the samples. A strong interrelationship between the thermal conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient is observed; indicating a significant presence of phonon-drag effect in this system. With ZT = 0.018 at 310 K for the sample hot pressed at 600 oC, an increase in ZT by 80 % over the previously reported values for polycrystalline samples is achieved. We gratefully acknowledge funding for this work by the Department of Defense, United States Air Force Office of Scientific Researchs MURI program under contract FA9550-10-1-0533.

Development of sputtered CuSbS2 thin films grown by sequential deposition of binary sulfides

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Medina-Montes, M. I.; Vieyra-Brito, O.; Mathews, N. R.; Mathew, X.

2018-05-01

In this work, CuSbS2 thin films were developed by annealing binary precursors deposited sequentially by rf magnetron sputtering. The recrystallization process was optimized and the films were extensively characterized using a number of tools such as XRD, Raman, SEM, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, Hall, UV–vis spectroscopy, Ellipsometry, Seebeck, and photoresponse. The influence of annealing temperature on the structure, morphology, elemental composition, optical and electrical properties are reported. Annealing below 350 °C resulted in famatinite (Cu3SbS4) and chalcostibite (CuSbS2) ternaries as well as binary phases. Phase-pure chalcostibite was obtained in the range of 350 °C–375 °C. At 400 °C, although CuSbS2 was predominant, tetrahedrite phase (Cu12Sb4S13) appeared as an additional phase. The elemental composition of the films was slightly sulfur deficient, and the atomic percentages of Cu, Sb and S showed a dependence on annealing temperature. The material properties of the phase-pure CuSbS2 thin films are: optical band gap in the range of 1.5–1.62 eV, absorption coefficient close to 105 cm‑1, atomic ratios of Cu/Sb ∼1 and (Cu + Sb)/S ∼1.2, crystal size 18.3–24.5 nm and grain size 50–300 nm. The films were photo-sensitive, showed p-type semiconductor behavior. Electrical resistivity, carrier density and hole mobility were 94–459 Ω cm, 1.6–7.0 × 1015 cm‑3 and 8.4–9.5 cm2 V‑1 s respectively.

The OsO(3)F(+) and mu-F(OsO(3)F)(2)(+) cations: their syntheses and study by Raman and (19)F NMR spectroscopy and electron structure calculations and X-ray crystal structures of [OsO(3)F][PnF(6)] (Pn = As, Sb), [OsO(3)F][HF](2)[AsF(6)], [OsO(3)F][HF][SbF(6)], and [OsO(3)F][Sb(3)F(16)].

PubMed

Gerken, Michael; Dixon, David A; Schrobilgen, Gary J

2002-01-28

The fluoride ion donor properties of OsO(3)F(2) have been investigated. The salts [OsO(3)F][AsF(6)], [OsO(3)F][HF](2)[AsF(6)], mu-F(OsO(3)F)(2)[AsF(6)], [OsO(3)F][HF](2)[SbF(6)], and [OsO(3)F][HF][SbF(6)] have been prepared by reaction of OsO(3)F(2) with AsF(5) and SbF(5) in HF solvent and have been characterized in the solid state by Raman spectroscopy. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of [OsO(3)F][AsF(6)] (P2(1)/n, a = 7.0001(11) A, c = 8.8629(13) A, beta = 92.270(7) degrees, Z = 4, and R(1) = 0.0401 at -126 degrees C), [OsO(3)F][SbF(6)] (P2(1)/c, a = 5.4772(14) A, b = 10.115(3) A, c = 12.234(3) A, beta = 99.321(5) degrees, Z = 4, and R(1) = 0.0325 at -173 degrees C), [OsO(3)F][HF](2)[AsF(6)] (P2(1)/n, a = 5.1491(9) A, b = 8.129(2) A, c = 19.636(7) A, beta = 95.099(7) degrees, Z = 4, and R(1) = 0.0348 at -117 degrees C), and [OsO(3)F][HF][SbF(6)] (Pc, a = 5.244(4) A, b = 9.646(6) A, c = 15.269(10) A, beta = 97.154(13) degrees, Z = 4, and R(1) = 0.0558 at -133 degrees C) have shown that the OsO(3)F(+) cations exhibit strong contacts to the anions and HF solvent molecules giving rise to cyclic, dimeric structures in which the osmium atoms have coordination numbers of 6. The reaction of OsO(3)F(2) with neat SbF(5) yielded [OsO(3)F][Sb(3)F(16)], which has been characterized by (19)F NMR spectroscopy in SbF(5) and SO(2)ClF solvents and by Raman spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction in the solid state (P4(1)m, a = 10.076(6) A, c = 7.585(8) A, Z = 2, and R(1) = 0.0858 at -113 degrees C). The weak fluoride ion basicity of the Sb(3)F(16)(-) anion resulted in an OsO(3)F(+) cation (C(3)(v) point symmetry) that is well isolated from the anion and in which the osmium is four-coordinate. The geometrical parameters and vibrational frequencies of OsO(3)F(+), ReO(3)F, mu-F(OsO(3)F)(2)(+), (FO(3)Os--FPnF(5))(2), and (FO(3)Os--(HF)(2)--FPnF(5))(2) (Pn = As, Sb) have been calculated using density functional theory methods.

Pressure induced structural transitions in CuSbS 2 and CuSbSe 2 thermoelectric compounds

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Baker, Jason; Kumar, Ravhi S.; Sneed, Daniel

Here, we investigate the structural behavior of CuSbS 2 and CuSbSe 2 thermoelectric materials under high pressure conditions up to 80 GPa using angle dispersive X-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell (DAC). We also perform high pressure Raman spectroscopy measurements up to 16 GPa. We observed a pressure-induced structural transformation from the ambient orthorhombic structure with space group Pnma to a triclinic type structure with space group P1 beginning around 8 GPa in both samples and completing at 13 GPa and 10 GPa in CuSbS 2 and CuSbSe 2, respectively. High pressure Raman experiments complement the transitions observed bymore » high pressure X-ray diffraction (HPXRD). Finally, the transitions were found to be reversible on releasing the pressure to ambient in the DAC. The bulk modulus and compressibility of these materials are further discussed.« less

Pressure induced structural transitions in CuSbS 2 and CuSbSe 2 thermoelectric compounds

DOE PAGES

Baker, Jason; Kumar, Ravhi S.; Sneed, Daniel; ...

2015-04-27

Here, we investigate the structural behavior of CuSbS 2 and CuSbSe 2 thermoelectric materials under high pressure conditions up to 80 GPa using angle dispersive X-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell (DAC). We also perform high pressure Raman spectroscopy measurements up to 16 GPa. We observed a pressure-induced structural transformation from the ambient orthorhombic structure with space group Pnma to a triclinic type structure with space group P1 beginning around 8 GPa in both samples and completing at 13 GPa and 10 GPa in CuSbS 2 and CuSbSe 2, respectively. High pressure Raman experiments complement the transitions observed bymore » high pressure X-ray diffraction (HPXRD). Finally, the transitions were found to be reversible on releasing the pressure to ambient in the DAC. The bulk modulus and compressibility of these materials are further discussed.« less

Antimony, arsenic and mercury in the aquatic environment and fish in a large antimony mining area in Hunan, China.

PubMed

Fu, Zhiyou; Wu, Fengchang; Amarasiriwardena, Dulasiri; Mo, Changli; Liu, Bijun; Zhu, Jing; Deng, Qiujing; Liao, Haiqing

2010-07-15

Antimony (Sb) has received increasing attention recently due to its toxicity and potential human carcinogenicity. In the present work, drinking water, fish and algae samples were collected from the Xikuangshan (XKS) Sb mine area in Hunan, China. Results show that serious Sb and moderate arsenic (As) contamination is present in the aquatic environment. The average Sb concentrations in water and fish were 53.6 + or - 46.7 microg L(-1) and 218 + or - 113 microg kg(-1) dry weight, respectively. The Sb concentration in drinking water exceeded both Chinese and WHO drinking water guidelines by 13 and 3 times, respectively. Antimony and As concentrations in water varied with seasons. Fish gills exhibited the highest Sb concentrations but the extent of accumulation varied with habitat. Antimony enrichment in fish was significantly lower than that of As and Hg. Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Concentrations and health risk assessment of metal(loid)s in indoor dust from two typical cities of China.

PubMed

Li, Yiwen; Pi, Lu; Hu, Wenli; Chen, Mengqin; Luo, Yan; Li, Zhi; Su, Shijun; Gan, Zhiwei; Ding, Sanglan

2016-05-01

Eleven trace metal(loid)s were determined in the household dust samples from Chengdu and Tianjin, China, and related human exposure and health risk to metal(loid)s via indoor dust intake were evaluated. The trace metal(loid)s were found to be highly concentrated and polluted in the indoor environment of Chengdu and Tianjin, especially for Cu, Zn, Cd, Sb, and Pb, of which the enrichment factors exceeding 5. Metal(loid) levels in the indoor dust samples exhibited no statistical differences between the two cities, with the exception of Sb, which was detected higher in the Chengdu samples. Bioaccessibilities in stomach phase of each element were estimated, Cd, Pb, and Sr exhibited higher bioaccessibility, and Sb showed the lowest bioaccessibility in both Chengdu and Tianjin. Dust ingestion was the main metal(loid) exposure pathway for Chengdu and Tianjin inhabitants, followed by dermal contact, dust inhalation accounted for less than 1 % of the total daily metal(loid) intakes and thus could be negligible. Children suffered more risk when exposure to metal(loid)s via indoor dust intake due to their higher frequency of hand to mouth activities. Risk evaluation indicated that, for most Chengdu and Tianjin inhabitants, there is little non-cancer and carcinogen risk when exposure to indoor dust. However, there is a potential non-cancer and carcinogen risk for children and adults in Chengdu, in the case of highly exposed scenario based on the current study.

A rapid, partial leach and organic separation for the sensitive determination of Ag, Bi, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, and Zn in surface geologic materials by flame atomic absorption

USGS Publications Warehouse

Viets, J.G.; Clark, J.R.; Campbell, W.L.

1984-01-01

A solution of dilute hydrochloric acid, ascorbic acid, and potassium iodide has been found to dissolve weakly bound metals in soils, stream sediments, and oxidized rocks. Silver, Bi, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, and Zn are selectively extracted from this solution by a mixture of Aliquat 336 (tricaprylyl methyl ammonium chloride) and MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone). Because potentially interfering major and minor elements do not extract, the organic separation allows interference-free determinations of Ag and Cd to the 0.05 ppm level, Mo, Cu, and Zn to 0.5 ppm, and Bi, Pb, and Sb to 1 ppm in the sample using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The analytical absorbance values of the organic solution used in the proposed method are generally enhanced more than threefold as compared to aqueous solutions, due to more efficient atomization and burning characteristics. The leaching and extraction procedures are extremely rapid; as many as 100 samples may be analyzed per day, yielding 800 determinations, and the technique is adaptable to field use. The proposed method was compared to total digestion methods for geochemical reference samples as well as soils and stream sediments from mineralized and unmineralized areas. The partial leach showed better anomaly contrasts than did total digestions. Because the proposed method is very rapid and is sensitive to pathfinder elements for several types of ore deposits, it should be useful for reconnaissance surveys for concealed deposits. ?? 1984.

Temperature-driven topological quantum phase transitions in a phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5.

PubMed

Eremeev, S V; Rusinov, I P; Echenique, P M; Chulkov, E V

2016-12-13

The Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 is a phase-change material widely used in optical memory devices and is a leading candidate for next generation non-volatile random access memory devices which are key elements of various electronics and portable systems. Despite the compound is under intense investigation its electronic structure is currently not fully understood. The present work sheds new light on the electronic structure of the Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 crystalline phases. We demonstrate by predicting from first-principles calculations that stable crystal structures of Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 possess different topological quantum phases: a topological insulator phase is realized in low-temperature structure and Weyl semimetal phase is a characteristic of the high-temperature structure. Since the structural phase transitions are caused by the temperature the switching between different topologically non-trivial phases can be driven by variation of the temperature. The obtained results reveal the rich physics of the Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 compound and open previously unexplored possibility for spintronics applications of this material, substantially expanding its application potential.

Electrical conduction and thermoelectric properties of perovskite-type BaBi1-xSbxO3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yasukawa, Masahiro; Shiga, Yuta; Kono, Toshio

2012-06-01

To elucidate the thermoelectric properties at high temperatures, the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient were measured at temperatures between 423 K and 973 K for perovskite-type ceramics of BaBi1-xSbxO3 solid solutions with x=0.0-0.5. All the ceramics exhibit p-type semiconducting behaviors and electrical conduction is attributed to hopping of small polaronic holes localized on the pentavalent cations. Substitution of Bi with Sb causes the electrical conductivity σ and cell volume to decrease, but the Seebeck coefficient S to increase, suggesting that the Sb atoms are doped as Sb5+ and replace Bi5+, reducing 6s holes conduction from Bi5+(6s0) to Bi3+ (6s2). The thermoelectric power factor S2σ has values of 6×10-8-3×10-5 W m-1 K-2 in the measured temperature range, and is maximized for an Sb-undoped BaBiO3-δ, but decreases upon Sb doping due to the decreased σ values.

Advanced InSb monolithic Charge Coupled Infrared Imaging Devices (CCIRID)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Koch, T. L.; Thom, R. D.; Parrish, W. D.

1981-01-01

The continued development of monolithic InSb charge coupled infrared imaging devices (CCIRIDs) is discussed. The processing sequence and structural design of 20-element linear arrays are discussed. Also, results obtained from radiometric testing of the 20-element arrays using a clamped sample-and-hold output circuit are reported. The design and layout of a next-generation CCIRID chip are discussed. The major devices on this chip are a 20 by 16 time-delay-and-integration (TDI) area array and a 100-element linear imaging array. The development of a process for incorporating an ion implanted S(+) planar channel stop into the CCIRID structure and the development of a thin film transparent photogate are also addressed. The transparent photogates will increase quantum efficiency to greater than 70% across the 2.5 to 5.4 micrometer spectral region in future front-side illuminated CCIRIDs.

Evaluation of the grass mixture (Faestuca Rubra, Cynodon Dactylon, Lolium Multiflorum and Pennisetum sp.) as Sb phyto-stabilizer in tailings and Sb-rich soils.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aurora Armienta, M.; Beltrán-Villavicencio, Margarita; Ruiz-Villalobos, Carlos E.; Labastida, Israel; Ceniceros, Nora; Cruz, Olivia; Aguayo, Alejandra

2017-04-01

Green house experiments were carried out to evaluate the growth and Sb assimilation of a grass assemblage: Faestuca Rubra, Cynodon Dactylon, Lolium Multiflorum and Pennisetum sp, in tailings and Sb-rich soils. Tailings and soil samples were obtained at the Mexican historical mining zone of Zimapán, Central México. More than 6 tailings impoundments are located at the town outskirts and constitute a contamination source from windblown and waterborne deposit on soils, besides acid mine drainage. Four substrates were used in the experiments: 100% tailings, 20% tailings + 80% soil, 50% tailings + 50% soil , and a soil sample far from tailings as a background. Concentrations of Sb ranged from 310 mg/kg to 413 mg/kg in tailings. A pH of 7.43, 1.27% organic matter, and high concentrations of N, K and P indicated adequate conditions for plant growth. The grass assemblage was raised during 21 days as indicated by OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Guideline 208 Terrestrial Plant Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test. The highest Sb concentrations were measured in plants grown on tailings with 139 mg/kg in the aerial part and 883 mg/kg in roots. Concentrations of Sb decreased as the proportion of tailings diminished with 22.1 mg/kg in the aerial part and 10 mg/kg in roots corresponding to the plants grown in the 20 % tailings + 80% soil . Bioaccumulation (BAC) and bioconcentration factors (BF) of plants grown on tailings (BAC= 0.42, BCF=3.93) indicated their suitability as a phyto-stabilization option. The grass mixture may be thus applied to control windblown particulate tailings taking advantage to their tolerance to high Sb levels.

Growth of InxGa1−xSb alloy semiconductor at the International Space Station (ISS) and comparison with terrestrial experiments

PubMed Central

Inatomi, Y; Sakata, K; Arivanandhan, M; Rajesh, G; Nirmal Kumar, V; Koyama, T; Momose, Y; Ozawa, T; Okano, Y; Hayakawa, Y

2015-01-01

Background: InxGa1−xSb is an important material that has tunable properties in the infrared (IR) region and is suitable for IR-device applications. Since the quality of crystals relies on growth conditions, the growth process of alloy semiconductors can be examined better under microgravity (μG) conditions where convection is suppressed. Aims: To investigate the dissolution and growth process of InxGa1−xSb alloy semiconductors via a sandwiched structure of GaSb(seed)/InSb/GaSb(feed) under normal and μG conditions. Methods: InxGa1−xSb crystals were grown at the International Space Station (ISS) under μG conditions, and a similar experiment was conducted under terrestrial conditions (1G) using the vertical gradient freezing (VGF) method. The grown crystals were cut along the growth direction and its growth properties were studied. The indium composition and growth rate of grown crystals were calculated. Results: The shape of the growth interface was nearly flat under μG, whereas under 1G, it was highly concave with the initial seed interface being nearly flat and having facets at the peripheries. The quality of the μG crystals was better than that of the 1G samples, as the etch pit density was low in the μG sample. The growth rate was higher under μG compared with 1G. Moreover, the growth started at the peripheries under 1G, whereas it started throughout the seed interface under μG. Conclusions: Kinetics played a dominant role under 1G. The suppressed convection under μG affected the dissolution and growth process of the InxGa1−xSb alloy semiconductor. PMID:28725715

Growth of In x Ga1-x Sb alloy semiconductor at the International Space Station (ISS) and comparison with terrestrial experiments.

PubMed

Inatomi, Y; Sakata, K; Arivanandhan, M; Rajesh, G; Nirmal Kumar, V; Koyama, T; Momose, Y; Ozawa, T; Okano, Y; Hayakawa, Y

2015-01-01

In x Ga 1- x Sb is an important material that has tunable properties in the infrared (IR) region and is suitable for IR-device applications. Since the quality of crystals relies on growth conditions, the growth process of alloy semiconductors can be examined better under microgravity (μG) conditions where convection is suppressed. To investigate the dissolution and growth process of In x Ga 1- x Sb alloy semiconductors via a sandwiched structure of GaSb(seed)/InSb/GaSb(feed) under normal and μG conditions. In x Ga 1- x Sb crystals were grown at the International Space Station (ISS) under μG conditions, and a similar experiment was conducted under terrestrial conditions (1G) using the vertical gradient freezing (VGF) method. The grown crystals were cut along the growth direction and its growth properties were studied. The indium composition and growth rate of grown crystals were calculated. The shape of the growth interface was nearly flat under μG, whereas under 1G, it was highly concave with the initial seed interface being nearly flat and having facets at the peripheries. The quality of the μG crystals was better than that of the 1G samples, as the etch pit density was low in the μG sample. The growth rate was higher under μG compared with 1G. Moreover, the growth started at the peripheries under 1G, whereas it started throughout the seed interface under μG. Kinetics played a dominant role under 1G. The suppressed convection under μG affected the dissolution and growth process of the In x Ga 1- x Sb alloy semiconductor.

Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Behavior of High Temperature Solders: Effects of High Temperature Aging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hasnine, M.; Tolla, B.; Vahora, N.

2018-04-01

This paper explores the effects of aging on the mechanical behavior, microstructure evolution and IMC formation on different surface finishes of two high temperature solders, Sn-5 wt.% Ag and Sn-5 wt.% Sb. High temperature aging showed significant degradation of Sn-5 wt.% Ag solder hardness (34%) while aging has little effect on Sn-5 wt.% Sb solder. Sn-5 wt.% Ag experienced rapid grain growth as well as the coarsening of particles during aging. Sn-5 wt.% Sb showed a stable microstructure due to solid solution strengthening and the stable nature of SnSb precipitates. The increase of intermetallic compound (IMC) thickness during aging follows a parabolic relationship with time. Regression analysis (time exponent, n) indicated that IMC growth kinetics is controlled by a diffusion mechanism. The results have important implications in the selection of high temperature solders used in high temperature applications.

Randomized Controlled Trial of SuperBetter, a Smartphone-Based/Internet-Based Self-Help Tool to Reduce Depressive Symptoms.

PubMed

Roepke, Ann Marie; Jaffee, Sara R; Riffle, Olivia M; McGonigal, Jane; Broome, Rose; Maxwell, Bez

2015-06-01

Technological advances have sparked the development of computer- and smartphone-based self-help programs for depressed people, but these programs' efficacy is uncertain. This randomized controlled trial evaluated an intervention called SuperBetter (SB), which is accessed via smartphone and/or the SB Web site. Online, we recruited 283 adult iPhone(®) (Apple, Cupertino, CA) users with significant depression symptoms according to the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression questionnaire (CES-D). They were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (a) a version of SB using cognitive-behavioral therapy and positive psychotherapy strategies to target depression (CBT-PPT SB); (b) a general SB version focused on self-esteem and acceptance (General SB); or (c) a waiting list control group (WL). The two SB groups were instructed to use SB for 10 minutes daily for 1 month. All participants completed psychological distress and well-being measures online every 2 weeks through follow-up. An intent-to-treat analysis was conducted using hierarchical linear modeling. As hypothesized, SB participants achieved greater reductions in CES-D scores than WL participants by posttest (Cohen's d=0.67) and by follow-up (d=1.05). Contrary to prediction, CBT-PPT SB did not perform better than General SB; both versions of SB were more effective than the WL control. Differences between SB versions favored General SB but were not statistically significant. These large effect sizes should be interpreted cautiously in light of high attrition rates and the motivated, self-selected sample. Nonetheless, smartphone-based/Internet-based self-help may play an important role in treating depression.

Experimental signatures of the inverted phase in InAs/GaSb coupled quantum wells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karalic, Matija; Mueller, Susanne; Mittag, Christopher; Pakrouski, Kiryl; Wu, QuanSheng; Soluyanov, Alexey A.; Troyer, Matthias; Tschirky, Thomas; Wegscheider, Werner; Ensslin, Klaus; Ihn, Thomas

2016-12-01

Transport measurements are performed on InAs/GaSb double quantum wells at zero and finite magnetic fields applied parallel and perpendicular to the quantum wells. We investigate a sample in the inverted regime where electrons and holes coexist, and compare it with another sample in the noninverted semiconducting regime. The activated behavior in conjunction with a strong suppression of the resistance peak at the charge neutrality point in a parallel magnetic field attest to the topological hybridization gap between electron and hole bands in the inverted sample. We observe an unconventional Landau level spectrum with energy gaps modulated by the magnetic field applied perpendicular to the quantum wells. This is caused by a strong spin-orbit interaction provided jointly by the InAs and the GaSb quantum wells.

14 CFR Appendix A to Part 60 - Qualification Performance Standards for Airplane Full Flight Simulators

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

.... Qualification Performance Standards (§ 60.4). 5. Quality Management System (§ 60.5). 6. Sponsor Qualification... inquiries on system compatibility, and minimum system requirements are also included on the NSP Web site. d... Flight Guidance Systems. (15) AC 120-57, as amended, Surface Movement Guidance and Control System (SMGCS...

Synergetic effect of Zn substitution on the electron and phonon transport in Mg2Si0.5Sn0.5-based thermoelectric materials.

PubMed

Gao, Hongli; Zhu, Tiejun; Zhao, Xinbing; Deng, Yuan

2014-10-07

Mg2Si1-xSnx alloys are a prospective material for thermoelectric generators at moderate temperatures. The thermoelectric properties of Mg2Si0.5Sn0.5-based thermoelectric materials with only Zn substitution or Zn/Sb co-doping were investigated. Isoelectronic Zn substitution did not affect the carrier concentration, but improved the carrier mobility. Zn atoms incorporated into a Sb-doped Mg2Si0.5Sn0.5 matrix simultaneously boosted the power factor and suppressed the lattice thermal conductivity, leading to an enhancement of the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of the resulting bulk materials. The interplay between the electron and phonon transport of Mg2Si0.5Sn0.49Sb0.01 substituted with Zn at Mg sites results in an enhancement of the ZT by 25% at ∼730 K, from ZT≈ 0.8 in Mg2Si0.5Sn0.49Sb0.01 to ZT≈ 1.0 in Mg1.98Zn0.02Si0.5Sn0.49Sb0.01. Solid solutions in the Mg2Si-Mg2Sn system appear to be more promising for thermoelectric applications.

In Vivo Stabilized SB3, an Attractive GRPR Antagonist, for Pre- and Intra-Operative Imaging for Prostate Cancer.

PubMed

Bakker, Ingrid L; van Tiel, Sandra T; Haeck, Joost; Doeswijk, Gabriela N; de Blois, Erik; Segbers, Marcel; Maina, Theodosia; Nock, Berthold A; de Jong, Marion; Dalm, Simone U

2018-03-19

The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), overexpressed on various tumor types, is an attractive target for receptor-mediated imaging and therapy. Another interesting approach would be the use of GRPR radioligands for pre-operative imaging and subsequent radio-guided surgery, with the goal to improve surgical outcome. GRPR radioligands were successfully implemented in clinical studies, especially Sarabesin 3 (SB3) is an appealing GRPR antagonist with high receptor affinity. Gallium-68 labeled SB3 has good in vivo stability, after labeling with Indium-111; however, the molecule shows poor in vivo stability, which negatively impacts tumor-targeting capacity. A novel approach to increase in vivo stability of radiopeptides is by co-administration of the neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitor, phosphoramidon (PA). We studied in vivo stability and biodistribution of [ 111 In]SB3 without/with (-/+) PA in mice. Furthermore, SPECT/MRI on a novel, state-of-the-art platform was performed. GRPR affinity of SB3 was determined on PC295 xenograft sections using [ 125 I]Tyr 4 -bombesin with tracer only or with increasing concentrations of SB3. For in vivo stability, mice were injected with 200/2000 pmol [ 111 In]SB3 -/+ 300 μg PA. Blood was collected and analyzed. Biodistribution and SPECT/MRI studies were performed at 1, 4, and 24 h postinjection (p.i.) of 2.5 MBq/200 pmol or 25 MBq/200 pmol [ 111 In]SB3 -/+ 300 μg PA in PC-3-xenografted mice. SB3 showed high affinity for GRPR (IC 50 3.5 nM). Co-administration of PA resulted in twice higher intact peptide in vivo vs [ 111 In]SB3 alone. Biodistribution studies at 1, 4, and 24 h p.i. show higher tumor uptake values with PA co-administration (19.7 ± 3.5 vs 10.2 ± 1.5, 17.6 ± 5.1 vs 8.3 ± 1.1, 6.5 ± 3.3 vs 3.1 ± 1.9 % ID/g tissue (P < 0.0001)). Tumor imaging with SPECT/MRI clearly improved after co-injection of PA. Co-administration of PA increased in vivo tumor targeting capacity of [ 111 In]SB3, making this an attractive combination for GRPR-targeted tumor imaging.

Randomized Controlled Trial of a Spring Break Intervention to Reduce High-Risk Drinking

PubMed Central

Lee, Christine M.; Neighbors, Clayton; Lewis, Melissa A.; Kaysen, Debra; Mittmann, Angela; Geisner, Irene M.; Atkins, David C.; Zheng, Cheng; Garberson, Lisa A.; Kilmer, Jason R.; Larimer, Mary E.

2014-01-01

Objective While recent studies have documented high-risk drinking occurring during Spring Break (SB), particularly on SB trips with friends, published intervention studies are few. The present study evaluated the efficacy of Event Specific Prevention (ESP) strategies for reducing SB drinking among college students, compared to general prevention strategies and an assessment-only control group, as well as evaluated inclusion of peers in interventions and mode of intervention delivery (in-person vs. web). Method Participants included 783 undergraduates (56.1% women, average age 20.5) intending to go on a SB trip with friends as well as to drink heavily on at least one day of SB. Participants completed assessments prior to SB and were randomized to one of five intervention conditions: SB in-person BASICS, SB web BASICS, SB in-person BASICS with friend, SB web BASICS with friend, general BASICS, or an attention control condition. Follow-up assessment was completed one week after SB. Results While the SB web BASICS (with and without friends) and general BASICS interventions were not effective at reducing SB drinking, results indicated significant intervention effects for SB in-person BASICS in reducing SB drinking, particularly on trip days. Follow-up analyses indicated change in descriptive norms mediated treatment effect and reductions in drinking, while SB drinking intentions and positive expectancies did not. Conclusions Overall, results suggest an in-person SB-specific intervention is effective at reducing SB drinking, especially during trips. In contrast, interventions that contain non-SB related content, are web-based, or seek to involve friends may be less effective at reducing SB drinking. PMID:24491072

The two-dimensional tunnel structures of K3Sb5O14 and K2Sb4O11

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hong, H. Y.-P.

1974-01-01

The structures of K3Sb5O14 and K2Sb4O11 have been solved by the single-crystal X-ray direct method and the heavy-atom method, respectively. The structure of K3Sb5O14 is orthorhombic, with space group Pbam and cell parameters a = 24.247 (4), b = 7.157 (2), c = 7.334 (2) A, Z = 4. The structure of K2Sb4O11 is monoclinic, with space group C2/m and cell parameters a = 19.473 (4), b = 7.542 (1), c = 7.198 (1) A, beta = 94.82 (2) deg, Z = 4. A full-matrix least-squares refinement gave R = 0.072 and R = 0.067, respectively. In both structures, oxygen atoms form an octahedron around each Sb atom and an irregular polyhedron around each K atom. By sharing corners and edges, the octahedra form a skeleton network having intersecting b-axis and c-axis tunnels. The K(+) ions, which have more than ten oxygen near neighbors, are located in these tunnels. Evidence for K(+)-ion transport within and between tunnels comes from ion exchange of the alkali ions in molten salts and anisotropic temperature factors that are anomalously large in the direction of the tunnels.

AsSb energetics in argentian sulfosalts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghosal, Subhabrata; Sack, Richard O.

1995-09-01

Experimental brackets on As-Sb partitioning between polybasite-pearceite {Pbp; (Cu, Ag) 16(Sb, As) 2S 11} and pyrargyrite-proustite {Ppr; (Cu, Ag) 3(Sb, As)S 3}, and between pyrargyrite-proustite, and miargyrite and smithite {αMi, βMi, Smt; Ag(Sb, As)S 2} (350-400°C; evacuated silica tubes) define standard state Gibbs energies of theAsSb exchange reactions {Ag 16As 2S 11+Ag 3SbS 3=Ag 16Sb 2S 11 + Ag 3AsS 3, Δ Gro Pbp-Ppr = 0.65 ± 0.60 kJ/gfw; Ag 3AsS 3, + AgSbS 2 = Ag 3SbS 3 + AgASS 2, Δ overlineGro Ppr-α Mi = 3.10 ± 0.50 kJ/gfw, Δ Gro PPr-Smt = 1.70 ± 0.50 kJ/gfw and the nonidealities associated with the AsSb substitutions in these minerals (measured by symmetric regular-solution parameters for formula units on a one AsSb site basis; WAsSbPbp = 4.00 ± 0.25 kJ/gfw; WAsSbPpr =6.00 ± 0 .60 kJ/gfw; WAsSbαMi = WAsSbSmt = 7.00 ± 0.50 kJ/gfw). The above constraints applied to the miscibility gap between Ag (Sb, As) S 2 solutions with α-miargyrite and smithite structures at 350°C determine the relative stabilities of these structures in the As and Sb endmembers to be: ( GSbo, α Mi - GSbo, Smt) ˜ -0.63 kJ/gfw; ( GAso, α Mi - GAsSmt) ˜ 0.77 kJ/gfw. Combining these constraints with the calorimetric data of Bryndzia and Kleppa (1988, 1989) and our melting point determinations we have constructed a phase diagram for the AgSbS 2AgAsS 2 subsystem. The salient features of this diagram are (1) eutectic behaviour ( T ˜ 396°C, XAs ˜ 0.50), (2) modest increase in the temperature of the α → β miargyrite transition with As substitution (˜380°C in Sb-subsystem; 386.6°C at XAsMi ˜ 0.36), (3) a 42.5°C depression of the trechmannite-smithite transition with preferential incorporation of Sb in smithite { smithite ( XAs ˜ 0.62) → α-miargyrite ( XAs ˜ 0.34) + trechmannite (X As ˜ 1.00) at ˜277.5°C}, and (4) widening of the miargyrite-trechmannite gap at lower temperatures. The latter feature is consistent with the inference that the most As-enriched epithermal miargyrites crystallized at temperatures above 195°C.

Upper and Lower Urinary Tract Outcomes in Adult Myelomeningocele Patients: A Systematic Review

PubMed Central

Veenboer, Paul W.; Bosch, J. L. H. Ruud; van Asbeck, Floris W. A.; de Kort, Laetitia M. O.

2012-01-01

Background The introduction of sophisticated treatment of bladder dysfunction and hydrocephalus allows the majority of SB patients to survive into adulthood. However, no systematic review on urological outcome in adult SB patients is available and no follow-up schemes exist. Objectives To systematically summarize the evidence on outcome of urinary tract functioning in adult SB patients. Methods A literature search in PubMed and Embase databases was done. Only papers published in the last 25 years describing patients with open SB with a mean age >18 years were included. We focused on finding differences in the treatment strategies, e.g., clean intermittent catheterization and antimuscarinic drugs versus early urinary diversion, with regard to long-term renal and bladder outcomes. Results A total of 13 articles and 5 meeting abstracts on urinary tract status of adult SB patients were found describing a total of 1564 patients with a mean age of 26.1 years (range 3–74 years, with a few patients <18 years). All were retrospective cohort studies with relatively small and heterogeneous samples with inconsistent reporting of outcome; this precluded the pooling of data and meta-analysis. Total continence was achieved in 449/1192 (37.7%; range 8–85%) patients. Neurological level of the lesion and hydrocephalus were associated with incontinence. Renal function was studied in 1128 adult patients. In 290/1128 (25.7%; range 3–81.8%) patients some degree of renal damage was found and end-stage renal disease was seen in 12/958 (1.3%) patients. Detrusor-sphincter dyssynergy and detrusor-overactivity acted as adverse prognostic factors for the development of renal damage. Conclusions These findings should outline follow-up schedules for SB patients, which do not yet exist. Since renal and bladder deterioration continues beyond adolescence, follow-up of these individuals is needed. We recommend standardization in reporting the outcome of urinary tract function in adult SB patients. PMID:23119003

Thermal Stability of Zone Melting p-Type (Bi, Sb)2Te3 Ingots and Comparison with the Corresponding Powder Metallurgy Samples

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Chengpeng; Fan, Xi'an; Hu, Jie; Feng, Bo; Xiang, Qiusheng; Li, Guangqiang; Li, Yawei; He, Zhu

2018-04-01

During the past few decades, Bi2Te3-based alloys have been investigated extensively because of their promising application in the area of low temperature waste heat thermoelectric power generation. However, their thermal stability must be evaluated to explore the appropriate service temperature. In this work, the thermal stability of zone melting p-type (Bi, Sb)2Te3-based ingots was investigated under different annealing treatment conditions. The effect of service temperature on the thermoelectric properties and hardness of the samples was also discussed in detail. The results showed that the grain size, density, dimension size and mass remained nearly unchanged when the service temperature was below 523 K, which suggested that the geometry size of zone melting p-type (Bi, Sb)2Te3-based materials was stable below 523 K. The power factor and Vickers hardness of the ingots also changed little and maintained good thermal stability. Unfortunately, the thermal conductivity increased with increasing annealing temperature, which resulted in an obvious decrease of the zT value. In addition, the thermal stabilities of the zone melting p-type (Bi, Sb)2Te3-based materials and the corresponding powder metallurgy samples were also compared. All evidence implied that the thermal stabilities of the zone-melted (ZMed) p-type (Bi, Sb)2Te3 ingots in terms of crystal structure, geometry size, power factor (PF) and hardness were better than those of the corresponding powder metallurgy samples. However, their thermal stabilities in terms of zT values were similar under different annealing temperatures.

Thermoelectric properties of n-type polycrystalline BixSb2-xTe3 alloys

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Snyder, J.; Gerovac, N.; Caillat, T.

2002-01-01

(BixSbl-x)2Te3(.5 = x = .7) polycrystalline samples were synthesized using a combination of melting and powder metallurgy techniques. The samples were hot pressed in graphite dies and cut perpendicular and parallel to the pressing direction. Samples were examined by microprobe analysis to determine their atomic composition. The thermoelectric properties were measured at room temperature in both directions. These properties include Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, and Hall effect. The thermoelectric figure-of-merit, ZT, was calculated fiom these properties.

The Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}–Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}–Sb{sub 2}O{sub 5} system phase diagram refinement, Bi{sub 3}FeSb{sub 2}O{sub 11} structure peculiarities and magnetic properties

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Egorysheva, A.V., E-mail: anna_egorysheva@rambler.ru; Ellert, O.G.; Gajtko, O.M.

2015-05-15

The refinement of the Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}–Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}–Sb{sub 2}O{sub 5} system phase diagram has been performed and the existence of the two ternary compounds has been confirmed. The first one with a pyrochlore-type structure (sp. gr. Fd 3-barm) exists in the wide solid solution region, (Bi{sub 2−x}Fe{sub x})Fe{sub 1+y}Sb{sub 1−y}O{sub 7±δ}, where x=0.1–0.4 and y=−0.13–0.11. The second one, Bi{sub 3}FeSb{sub 2}O{sub 11}, corresponds to the cubic KSbO{sub 3}-type structure (sp. gr. Pn 3-bar) with unit cell parameter a=9.51521(2) Å. The Rietveld structure refinement showed that this compound is characterized by disordered structure. The Bi{sub 3}FeSb{sub 2}O{sub 11} factor groupmore » analysis has been carried out and a Raman spectrum has been investigated. According to magnetization measurements performed at the temperature range 2–300 K it may be concluded that the Bi{sub 3}FeSb{sub 2}O{sub 11} magnetic properties can be substantially described as a superposition of strong short-range antiferromagnetic exchange interactions realizing inside the [(FeSb{sub 2})O{sub 9}] 3D-framework via different pathways. - Graphical abstract: The refinement of the Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}–Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}–Sb{sub 2}O{sub 5} system phase diagram has been performed and the existence of the solid solution with a pyrochlore-type structure (sp. gr. Fd 3-barm) and Bi{sub 3}FeSb{sub 2}O{sub 11}, correspond of the cubic KSbO{sub 3}-type structure (sp. gr. Pn 3-bar has been confirmed. The structure refinement, Raman spectroscopy as well as magnetic measurements data of Bi{sub 3}FeSb{sub 2}O{sub 11} are presented. - Highlights: • The Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}–Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}–Sb{sub 2}O{sub 5} system phase diagram refinement has been performed. • The Bi{sub 3}FeSb{sub 2}O{sub 11} existence along with pyrochlore structure compound is shown. • It was determined that the Bi{sub 3}FeSb{sub 2}O{sub 11} is of disordered cubic KSbO{sub 3}-type structure. • Factor group analysis of Bi{sub 3}FeSb{sub 2}O{sub 11} vibrational spectrum has been performed. • Short-range antiferromagnetic interactions govern Bi{sub 3}FeSb{sub 2}O{sub 11} magnetic behavior.« less

Magneto-optical Kerr effect in Cr-doped (Bi,Sb)2Te3 Thin Films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pan, Yu; Yao, Bing; Richardella, Anthony; Kandala, Abhinav; Fraleigh, Robert; Lee, Joon Sue; Samarth, Nitin; Yeats, Andrew; Awschalom, David D.

2014-03-01

When a three-dimensional (3D) topological insulator (TI) is interfaced with magnetism, the breaking of time reversal symmetry results in new phenomena such as the recently observed quantum anomalous Hall effect [C.-Z. Zhang et al., Science340, 167 (2013)]. Thus motivated, we use the polar-mode magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) to probe the temperature- and field-dependent magnetization in molecular beam epitaxy grown Cr-doped thin films of the 3D TI (Bi,Sb)2Te3. Square MOKE hysteresis loops observed at low temperatures indicate robust ferromagnetism with a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and Curie temperature that varies from ~ 5 K to ~ 150 K, depending on sample details. A key question is the nature of the ferromagnetism: is it a carrier-mediated mechanism, Van Vleck mechanism or due to extrinsic clusters? We address this issue by varying the magnetic ion concentration and carrier density via sample composition as well as by varying the chemical potential by back gating. Finally, we use spatially-resolved MOKE to image the magnetization in these samples. Supported by ONR and DARPA.

Antiferromagnetism in semiconducting SrMn 2 Sb 2 and BaMn 2 Sb 2 single crystals

DOE PAGES

Sangeetha, N. S.; Smetana, V.; Mudring, A. -V.; ...

2018-01-03

Here, crystals of SrMn 2Sb 2 and BaMn 2Sb 2 were grown using Sn flux and characterized by powder and single-crystal x-ray diffraction, respectively, and by single-crystal electrical resistivity ρ, heat capacity C p, and magnetic susceptibility χ measurements versus temperature T, and magnetization versus field M(H) isotherm measurements. SrMn 2Sb 2 adopts the trigonal CaAl 2Si 2-type structure, whereas BaMn 2Sb 2 crystallizes in the tetragonal ThCr 2Si 2-type structure. The ρ(T) data indicate semiconducting behaviors for both compounds with activation energies of ≳0.35 eV for SrMn 2Sb 2 and 0.16 eV for BaMn 2Sb 2. The χ(T) andmore » C p(T) data reveal antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering at T N = 110 K for SrMn 2Sb 2 and 450 K for BaMn 2Sb 2. The anisotropic χ(T≤T N) data also show that the ordered moments in SrMn 2Sb 2 are aligned in the hexagonal ab plane, whereas the ordered moments in BaMn 2Sb 2 are aligned collinearly along the tetragonal c axis. The ab-plane M(H) data for SrMn 2Sb 2 exhibit a continuous metamagnetic transition at low fields 02Sb 2 exhibits no metamagnetic transitions up to 5.5 T. The χ(T) and C p(T) data for both SrMn 2Sb 2 and BaMn 2Sb 2 indicate strong dynamic short-range AFM correlations above their respective T N up to at least 900 K within a local-moment picture, corresponding to quasi-two-dimensional magnetic behavior. The present results and a survey of the literature for Mn pnictides with the CaAl 2Si 2 and ThCr 2Si 2 crystal structures show that the T N values for the CaAl 2Si 2-type compounds are much smaller than those for the ThCr 2Si 2-type materials.« less

Antiferromagnetism in semiconducting SrMn2Sb2 and BaMn2Sb2 single crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sangeetha, N. S.; Smetana, V.; Mudring, A.-V.; Johnston, D. C.

2018-01-01

Crystals of SrMn2Sb2 and BaMn2Sb2 were grown using Sn flux and characterized by powder and single-crystal x-ray diffraction, respectively, and by single-crystal electrical resistivity ρ , heat capacity Cp, and magnetic susceptibility χ measurements versus temperature T , and magnetization versus field M (H ) isotherm measurements. SrMn2Sb2 adopts the trigonal CaAl2Si2 -type structure, whereas BaMn2Sb2 crystallizes in the tetragonal ThCr2Si2 -type structure. The ρ (T ) data indicate semiconducting behaviors for both compounds with activation energies of ≳0.35 eV for SrMn2Sb2 and 0.16 eV for BaMn2Sb2 . The χ (T ) and Cp(T ) data reveal antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering at TN = 110 K for SrMn2Sb2 and 450 K for BaMn2Sb2 . The anisotropic χ (T ≤TN) data also show that the ordered moments in SrMn2Sb2 are aligned in the hexagonal a b plane, whereas the ordered moments in BaMn2Sb2 are aligned collinearly along the tetragonal c axis. The a b -plane M (H ) data for SrMn2Sb2 exhibit a continuous metamagnetic transition at low fields 0

The desorption of antimony(V) from sediments, hydrous oxides, and clay minerals by carbonate, phosphate, sulfate, nitrate, and chloride.

PubMed

Biver, Marc; Krachler, Michael; Shotyk, William

2011-01-01

The desorption of antimony, Sb(V), from two sediment samples by phosphate, carbonate, sulfate, chloride, and nitrate at pH 8 was examined. One highly contaminated sediment sample was taken from an Sb mine (Goesdorf, Luxembourg); the other sample was the certified reference material PACS-2 (marine sediment). Phosphate was found to have a strong mobilizing ability, whereas that of carbonate was in general weaker. For comparison, and to understand better the possible importance of individual components of the sediments, desorption experiments were performed on pure phases (i.e., hydrous oxides of Fe, Mn, and Al) and the clay minerals kaolinite and montmorillonite. In the cases of hydrous metal oxides, Sb(V) was most effectively desorbed by phosphate, followed by carbonate. Phosphate also desorbed Sb(V) from the clay minerals, whereas carbonate had no effect. The pH dependence of adsorption of Sb(V) in the absence and presence of carbonate revealed that adsorption densities were higher (except in the case of montmorillonite) in the absence of carbonate, suggesting a competition between carbonate and [Sb(OH)] for surface sites generally and a lowering of surface charge in the case of hydrous aluminum oxide. The observations are unlikely to be due to ionic strength effects because activity coefficients in the blank and spiked solutions differ by <4%. Desorption experiments on sediments with varying concentrations of phosphate and carbonate demonstrated that at environmentally relevant concentrations, desorption by phosphate is negligible, whereas the effect of carbonate is not. Sulfate, chloride, and nitrate generally had little effect. The proportion of Sb desorbed in blank experiments coincides with that mobilized in the first fraction of the Bureau Communautaire de Référence (BCR) sequential extraction (easily exchangeable and carbonate-bound fraction). Copyright © by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.

Metal and metalloid accumulation in cultivated urban soils: A medium-term study of trends in Toronto, Canada.

PubMed

Wiseman, Clare L S; Zereini, Fathi; Püttmann, Wilhelm

2015-12-15

This study aims to examine the elemental enrichment patterns in low to medium traffic areas over a three year period in Toronto, Canada. Soils were sampled at three locations with different volumes of traffic between 2010 and 2013. A range of elements, including V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Cd, As, Sb and Pb, were measured in acid digested samples using ICP-MS. While the concentrations of Cd, Sb and Pb were found to be relatively low, a significant, albeit small increase in their levels over time was determined for all sites. For the low traffic areas, median Cd, Sb and Pb concentrations increased from 0.18mg Cd/kg, 0.14mg Sb/kg and 12mg Pb/kg in 2010 to 0.38mg Cd/kg, 0.21mg Sb/kg and 15mg Pb/kg in 2012, respectively. For the medium traffic site, the respective levels of Cd and Sb rose from 0.19mg Cd/kg and 0.14mg Sb/kg in 2010 to 0.49mg Cd/kg and 0.28mg Sb/kg in 2012. Median Pb concentrations at the medium traffic site were comparable to those at the low traffic sites (13mg/kg in 2010 and 15mg/kg in 2012). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed the existence of two components (rotated), which explained 77% of the variance for all sites: 1. PC1 with large loadings of V, Cr, Co and Cu that likely originate from the commercial soil originally used for monitoring purposes, and 2. PC2 with high correlations between Cd, Sb and Pb, attributed to traffic sources of emissions. The resuspension and transport of more mobile fractions of contaminated dust and soil particles is hypothesized to be contributing to an elemental enrichment of soils located in low traffic areas. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Composite Magnetic Nanoparticles (CuFe₂O₄) as a New Microsorbent for Extraction of Rhodamine B from Water Samples.

PubMed

Roostaie, Ali; Allahnoori, Farzad; Ehteshami, Shokooh

2017-09-01

In this work, novel composite magnetic nanoparticles (CuFe2O4) were synthesized based on sol-gel combustion in the laboratory. Next, a simple production method was optimized for the preparation of the copper nanoferrites (CuFe2O4), which are stable in water, magnetically active, and have a high specific area used as sorbent material for organic dye extraction in water solution. CuFe2O4 nanopowders were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The size range of the nanoparticles obtained in such conditions was estimated by SEM images to be 35-45 nm. The parameters influencing the extraction of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles, such as desorption solvent, amount of sorbent, desorption time, sample pH, ionic strength, and extraction time, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, a linear calibration curve in the range of 0.75-5.00 μg/L with R2 = 0.9996 was obtained. The LOQ (10Sb) and LOD (3Sb) of the method were 0.75 and 0.25 μg/L (n = 3), respectively. The RSD for a water sample spiked with 1 μg/L rhodamine B was 3% (n = 5). The method was applied for the determination of rhodamine B in tap water, dishwashing foam, dishwashing liquid, and shampoo samples. The relative recovery percentages for these samples were in the range of 95-99%.

Enhanced electrical transport and thermoelectric properties in Ni doped Cu3SbSe4

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Aparabal; Dhama, P.; Das, Anish; Sarkar, Kalyan Jyoti; Banerji, P.

2018-05-01

In this study, we report the enhanced thermoelectric performance of Cu3SbSe4 by Ni doping at Cu site. Cu3-xNixSbSe4 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) were prepared by melt growth, ball milling followed by spark plasma sintering. Structural characterization, phase analysis and surface morphology were carried out using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Electrical and thermal properties of all the samples were investigated in the temperature range 300 - 650 K. Decrease in electrical resistivity with Ni doping due to increase in carrier concentration with enhanced Seebeck coefficient via increase in density of state near the Fermi level gives a remarkably high power factor. At the same time, thermal conductivity was found to decrease due to increased carrier-phonon scattering and acoustic phonon scattering. Consequently, a remarkable enhancement in the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT˜ 0.65) of Cu3-xNixSbSe4 was achieved for x = 0.01 sample. Thus, Ni doping is an effective approach to improve the efficiency of Cu3SbSe4.

Tank 40 final sludge batch 9 chemical and fissile radionuclide characterization results

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bannochie, C. J.; Kubilius, W. P.; Pareizs, J. M.

A sample of Sludge Batch (SB) 9 was pulled from Tank 40 in order to obtain radionuclide inventory analyses necessary for compliance with the Waste Acceptance Product Specifications (WAPS)i. The SB9 WAPS sample was also analyzed for chemical composition, including noble metals, and fissile constituents, and these results are reported here. These analyses along with the WAPS radionuclide analyses will help define the composition of the sludge in Tank 40 that is fed to the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) as SB9. At the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL), the 3-L Tank 40 SB9 sample was transferred from the shippingmore » container into a 4-L high density polyethylene bottle and solids were allowed to settle. Supernate was then siphoned off and circulated through the shipping container to complete the transfer of the sample. Following thorough mixing of the 3-L sample, a 547 g sub-sample was removed. This sub-sample was then utilized for all subsequent slurry sample preparations. Eight separate aliquots of the slurry were digested, four with HNO3/HCl (aqua regiaii) in sealed Teflon® vessels and four with NaOH/Na2O2 (alkali or peroxide fusioniii) using Zr crucibles. Three Analytical Reference Glass – 1iv (ARG-1) standards were digested along with a blank for each preparation. Each aqua regia digestion and blank was diluted to 1:100 with deionized water and submitted to Analytical Development (AD) for inductively coupled plasma – atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) analysis, inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AA) for As and Se, and cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy (CV-AA) for Hg. Equivalent dilutions of the alkali fusion digestions and blank were submitted to AD for ICP-AES analysis. Tank 40 SB9 supernate was collected from a mixed slurry sample in the SRNL Shielded Cells and submitted to AD for ICP-AES, ion chromatography (IC), total base/free OH-/other base, total inorganic carbon/total organic carbon (TIC/TOC) analyses. Weighted dilutions of slurry were submitted for IC, TIC/TOC, and total base/free OH-/other base analyses. Activities for U-233, U-235, and Pu-239 were determined from the ICP-MS data for the aqua regia digestions of the SB9 WAPS slurry using the specific activity of each isotope. The Pu-241 value was determined from a Pu-238/-241 method developed by SRNL AD and previously described.v« less

Correlating microbial community profiles with geochemical conditions in a watershed heavily contaminated by an antimony tailing pond.

PubMed

Xiao, Enzong; Krumins, Valdis; Tang, Song; Xiao, Tangfu; Ning, Zengping; Lan, Xiaolong; Sun, Weimin

2016-08-01

Mining activities have introduced various pollutants to surrounding aquatic and terrestrial environments, causing adverse impacts to the environment. Indigenous microbial communities are responsible for the biogeochemical cycling of pollutants in diverse environments, indicating the potential for bioremediation of such pollutants. Antimony (Sb) has been extensively mined in China and Sb contamination in mining areas has been frequently encountered. To date, however, the microbial composition and structure in response to Sb contamination has remained overlooked. Sb and As frequently co-occur in sulfide-rich ores, and co-contamination of Sb and As is observed in some mining areas. We characterized, for the first time, the microbial community profiles and their responses to Sb and As pollution from a watershed heavily contaminated by Sb tailing pond in Southwest China. The indigenous microbial communities were profiled by high-throughput sequencing from 16 sediment samples (535,390 valid reads). The comprehensive geochemical data (specifically, physical-chemical properties and different Sb and As extraction fractions) were obtained from river water and sediments at different depths as well. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) demonstrated that a suite of in situ geochemical and physical factors significantly structured the overall microbial community compositions. Further, we found significant correlations between individual phylotypes (bacterial genera) and the geochemical fractions of Sb and As by Spearman rank correlation. A number of taxonomic groups were positively correlated with the Sb and As extractable fractions and various Sb and As species in sediment, suggesting potential roles of these phylotypes in Sb biogeochemical cycling. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Complications of Delivery Among Mothers with Spina Bifida.

PubMed

Shepard, Courtney L; Yan, Phyllis L; Kielb, Stephanie J; Wittmann, Daniela A; Quint, Elisabeth H; Kraft, Kate H; Hollingsworth, John M

2018-06-13

To determine rates and types of peripartum morbidity among delivering women with spina bifida (SB) compared to those without SB. The rates of pregnancy and delivery among women with SB have been significantly increasing. Current knowledge of peripartum outcomes for these women is limited. Using 2004-2013 National Inpatient Sample data, we identified all hospitalizations for delivery, distinguishing between women with and without SB. Using a code-based algorithm, we determined whether a complication occurred during the hospitalization. We then fit a series of multivariable logistic models to examine for associations between a complication occurrence during vaginal or cesarean delivery and a woman's SB status. We identified 38,319,814 weighted admissions for delivery, 9,516 of which were made by women with SB. Women with SB had a significantly higher rate of cesarean delivery than women without this diagnosis (53% v 32%, p<0.001). The 46.7% of women with SB who delivered vaginally did not have significantly increased odds of a complication associated with their delivery compared to women without SB [odds ratio (OR) 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99 to 1.34, p=0.066]. However, women with SB who underwent a cesarean delivery did have higher odds of morbidity compared to those without (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.78, p<0.001). Common complications included preterm delivery, urinary tract infection, hematologic event, and blood transfusion. Compared to women without SB, those with SB deliver more frequently by cesarean section and have higher odds of morbidity associated with cesarean delivery, but not vaginal delivery. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Photoluminescence and structural properties of unintentional single and double InGaSb/GaSb quantum wells grown by MOVPE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahia, Chinedu Christian; Tile, Ngcali; Botha, Johannes R.; Olivier, E. J.

2018-04-01

The structural and photoluminescence (PL) characterization of InGaSb quantum well (QW) structures grown on GaSb substrate (100) using atmospheric pressure Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE) is presented. Both structures (single and double-InGaSb QWs) were inadvertently formed during an attempt to grow capped InSb/GaSb quantum dots (QDs). In this work, 10 K PL peak energies at 735 meV and 740 meV are suggested to be emissions from the single and double QWs, respectively. These lines exhibit red shifts, accompanied by a reduction in their full-widths at half-maximum (FWHM) as the excitation power decreases. The presence of a GaSb spacer in the double QW was found to increase the strength of the PL emission, which consequently gives rise to a reduced blue-shift and broadening of the PL emission line observed for the double QW with an increase in laser power, while the low thermal activation energy for the quenching of the PL from the double QW is attributed to the existence of threading dislocations, as seen in the bright field TEM image for this sample.

Diode-Laser Pumped Far-Infrared Local Oscillator Based on Semiconductor Quantum Wells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kolokolov, K.; Li, J.; Ning, C. Z.; Larrabee, D. C.; Tang, J.; Khodaparast, G.; Kono, J.; Sasa, S.; Inoue, M.; Biegel, Bryan A. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

The contents include: 1) Tetrahertz Field: A Technology Gap; 2) Existing THZ Sources and Shortcomings; 3) Applications of A THZ Laser; 4) Previous Optical Pumped LW Generations; 5) Optically Pumped Sb based Intersubband Generation Whys; 6) InGaAs/InP/AlAsSb QWs; 7) Raman Enhanced Optical Gain; 8) Pump Intensity Dependence of THZ Gain; 9) Pump-Probe Interaction Induced Raman Shift; 10) THZ Laser Gain in InGaAs/InP/AlAsSb QWs; 11) Diode-Laser Pumped Difference Frequency Generation (InGaAs/InP/AlAsSb QWs); 12) 6.1 Angstrom Semiconductor Quantum Wells; 13) InAs/GaSb/AlSb Nanostructures; 14) InAs/AlSb Double QWs: DFG Scheme; 15) Sb-Based Triple QWs: Laser Scheme; and 16) Exciton State Pumped THZ Generation. This paper is presented in viewgraph form.

Ultrathin bronchoscopy for solitary pulmonary lesions in a region endemic for tuberculosis: a randomised pilot trial.

PubMed

Franzen, Daniel; Diacon, Andreas H; Freitag, Lutz; Schubert, Pawel T; Wright, Colleen A; Schuurmans, Macé M

2016-04-27

The evaluation of solitary pulmonary lesions (SPL) requires a balance between procedure-related morbidity and diagnostic yield, particularly in areas where tuberculosis (TB) is endemic. Data on ultrathin bronchoscopy (UB) for this purpose is limited. To evaluate feasibility and safety of UB compared to SB for diagnosis of SPL in a TB endemic region. In this prospective randomised trial we compared diagnostic yield and adverse events of UB with standard-size bronchoscopy (SB), both combined with fluoroscopy, in a cohort of patients with SPL located beyond the visible range of SB. We included 40 patients (mean age 55.2 years, 45 % male) with malignant SPL (n = 16; 40 %), tuberculous SPL (n = 11; 27.5 %) and other benign SPL (n = 13; 32.5 %). Mean procedure time in UB and SB was 30.6 and 26.0 min, respectively (p = 0.15). By trend, adverse events were recorded more often with UB than with SB (30.0 vs. 5.0 %, p = 0.091), including extensive coughing (n = 2), blocked working channel (n = 2), and arterial hypertension requiring therapeutic intervention (n = 1), all with UB. The overall diagnostic yield of UB compared to SB was 55.0 % vs. 80.0 %, respectively (p = 0.18). Sensitivity for the diagnosis of malignancy of UB and SB was 50.0 % and 62.5 %, respectively (p = 0.95). UB is not superior to SB for the evaluation of SPL in a region endemic with tuberculosis, when combined with fluoroscopic guidance only. ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02490059 ).

Impact of Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization of Severe Coronary Lesions on Secondary Branches.

PubMed

Cano-García, Macarena; Millán-Gómez, Mercedes; Sánchez-González, Carlos; Alonso-Briales, Juan H; Muñoz-Jiménez, Luz D; Carrasco-Chinchilla, Fernando; Domínguez-Franco, Antonio; Muñoz-García, Antonio J; Bullones-Ramírez, Juan A; Álvarez-Rubiera, Jesús M; de Mora-Martín, Manuel; de Teresa-Galván, Eduardo; Hernández-García, José M; Urbano-Carrillo, Cristóbal A; Jiménez-Navarro, Manuel F

2018-05-30

To analyze the percutaneous revascularization strategy for severe lesions in the secondary branches (SB) (diameter ≥ 2mm) of major epicardial arteries compared with conservative treatment. This study analyzed patients with severe SB lesions who underwent percutaneous revascularization treatment compared with patients who received pharmacological treatment. The study examined the percentage of branch-related events (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction attributable to SB, or the need for revascularization of the SB). We analyzed 679 SB lesions (662 patients). After a mean follow-up of 22.2±10.5 months, there were no significant differences between the 2 treatment groups regarding the percentage of death from cardiovascular causes (1.7% vs 0.4%; P=.14), nonfatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (1.7% vs 1.7%; P=.96), the need for SB revascularization (4.1% vs 5.4%; P=.45) or in the total percentage of events (5.1% vs 6.3%; P=.54). The variables showing an association with event occurrence on multivariate analysis were diabetes (SHR, 2.87; 95%CI, 1.37-5.47; P=.004), prior AMI (SHR, 3.54; 95%CI, 1.77-7.30; P<.0001), SB reference diameter (SHR, 0.16; 95%CI, 0.03-0.97; P=.047), and lesion length (SHR, 3.77; 95%CI, 1.03-1.13; P<.0001). These results remained the same after the propensity score analysis. The percentage of SB-related events during follow-up is low, with no significant differences between the 2 treatment strategies. The variables associated with event occurrence in the multivariate analysis were the presence of diabetes mellitus, prior AMI, and greater lesion length. Copyright © 2018 Sociedad Española de Cardiología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Improved intracellular PHA determinations with novel spectrophotometric quantification methodologies based on Sudan black dye.

PubMed

Porras, Mauricio A; Villar, Marcelo A; Cubitto, María A

2018-05-01

The presence of intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) is usually studied using Sudan black dye solution (SB). In a previous work it was shown that the PHA could be directly quantified using the absorbance of SB fixed by PHA granules in wet cell samples. In the present paper, the optimum SB amount and the optimum conditions to be used for SB assays were determined following an experimental design by hybrid response surface methodology and desirability-function. In addition, a new methodology was developed in which it is shown that the amount of SB fixed by PHA granules can also be determined indirectly through the absorbance of the supernatant obtained from the stained cell samples. This alternative methodology allows a faster determination of the PHA content (involving 23 and 42 min for indirect and direct determinations, respectively), and can be undertaken by means of basic laboratory equipment and reagents. The correlation between PHA content in wet cell samples and the spectra of the SB stained supernatant was determined by means of multivariate and linear regression analysis. The best calibration adjustment (R 2  = 0.91, RSE: 1.56%), and the good PHA prediction obtained (RSE = 1.81%), shows that the proposed methodology constitutes a reasonably precise way for PHA content determination. Thus, this methodology could anticipate the probable results of the above mentioned direct PHA determination. Compared with the most used techniques described in the scientific literature, the combined implementation of these two methodologies seems to be one of the most economical and environmentally friendly, suitable for rapid monitoring of the intracellular PHA content. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Optimization of solvent extraction of shea butter (Vitellaria paradoxa) using response surface methodology and its characterization.

PubMed

Ajala, E O; Aberuagba, F; Olaniyan, A M; Onifade, K R

2016-01-01

Shea butter (SB) was extracted from its kernel by using n-hexane as solvent in an optimization study. This was to determine the optima operating variables that would give optimum yield of SB and to study the effect of solvent on the physico-chemical properties and chemical composition of SB extracted using n-hexane. A Box-behnken response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization study while statistical analysis using ANOVA was used to test the significance of the variables for the process. The variables considered for this study were: sample weight (g), solvent volume (ml) and extraction time (min). The physico-chemical properties of SB extracted were determined using standard methods and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for the chemical composition. The results of RSM analysis showed that the three variables investigated have significant effect (p < 0.05) on the %yield of SB, with R(2) - 0.8989 which showed good fitness of a second-order model. Based on this model, optima operating variables for the extraction process were established as: sample weight of 30.04 g, solvent volume of 346.04 ml and extraction time of 40 min, which gave 66.90 % yield of SB. Furthermore, the result of the physico-chemical properties obtained for the shea butter extracted using traditional method (SBT) showed that it is a more suitable raw material for food, biodiesel production, cosmetics, medicinal and pharmaceutical purposes than shea butter extracted using solvent extraction method (SBS). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) results obtained for the two samples were similar to what was obtainable from other vegetable oil.

SLUDGE BATCH 6/TANK 40 SIMULANT CHEMICAL PROCESS CELL SIMULATIONS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Koopman, David

2010-04-28

Phase III simulant flowsheet testing was completed using the latest composition estimates for SB6/Tank 40 feed to DWPF. The goals of the testing were to determine reasonable operating conditions and assumptions for the startup of SB6 processing in the DWPF. Testing covered the region from 102-159% of the current DWPF stoichiometric acid equation. Nitrite ion concentration was reduced to 90 mg/kg in the SRAT product of the lowest acid run. The 159% acid run reached 60% of the DWPF Sludge Receipt and Adjustment Tank (SRAT) limit of 0.65 lb H2/hr, and then sporadically exceeded the DWPF Slurry Mix Evaporator (SME)more » limit of 0.223 lb H2/hr. Hydrogen generation rates peaked at 112% of the SME limit, but higher than targeted wt% total solids levels may have been partially responsible for rates seen. A stoichiometric factor of 120% met both objectives. A processing window for SB6 exists from 102% to something close to 159% based on the simulant results. An initial recommendation for SB6 processing is at 115-120% of the current DWPF stoichiometric acid equation. The addition of simulated Actinide Removal Process (ARP) and Modular Caustic Side Solvent Extraction Unit (MCU) streams to the SRAT cycle had no apparent impact on the preferred stoichiometric factor. Hydrogen generation occurred continuously after acid addition in three of the four tests. The three runs at 120%, 118.4% with ARP/MCU, and 159% stoichiometry were all still producing around 0.1 lb hydrogen/hr at DWPF scale after 36 hours of boiling in the SRAT. The 120% acid run reached 23% of the SRAT limit and 37% of the SME limit. Conversely, nitrous oxide generation was subdued compared to previous sludge batches, staying below 29 lb/hr in all four tests or about a fourth as much as in comparable SB4 testing. Two processing issues, identified during SB6 Phase II flowsheet testing and qualification simulant testing, were monitored during Phase III. Mercury material balance closure was impacted by acid stoichiometry, and significant mercury was not accounted for in the highest acid run. Coalescence of elemental mercury droplets in the mercury water wash tank (MWWT) appeared to degrade with increasing stoichiometry. Observations were made of mercury scale formation in the SRAT condenser and MWWT. A tacky mercury amalgam with Rh, Pd, and Cu, plus some Ru and Ca formed on the impeller at 159% acid. It contained a significant fraction of the available Pd, Cu, and Rh as well as about 25% of the total mercury charged. Free (elemental) mercury was found in all of the SME products. Ammonia scrubbers were used during the tests to capture off-gas ammonia for material balance purposes. Significant ammonium ion formation was again observed during the SRAT cycle, and ammonia gas entered the off-gas as the pH rose during boiling. Ammonium ion production was lower than in the SB6 Phase II and the qualification simulant testing. Similar ammonium ion formation was seen in the ARP/MCU simulation as in the 120% flowsheet run. A slightly higher pH caused most of the ammonium to vaporize and collect in the ammonia scrubber reflux solution. Two periods of foaminess were noted. Neither required additional antifoam to control the foam growth. A steady foam layer formed during reflux in the 120% acid run. It was about an inch thick, but was 2-3 times more volume of bubbles than is typically seen during reflux. A similar foam layer also was seen during caustic boiling of the simulant during the ARP addition. While frequently seen with the radioactive sludge, foaminess during caustic boiling with simulants has been relatively rare. Two further flowsheet tests were performed and will be documented separately. One test was to evaluate the impact of process conditions that match current DWPF operation (lower rates). The second test was to evaluate the impact of SRAT/SME processing on the rheology of a modified Phase III simulant that had been made five times more viscous using ultrasonication.« less

Electron Transport and Minority Carrier Lifetime in HgCdSe 2013 2-6 Workshop

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-11

FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Alternative IR Material 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.64 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 HgSe HgTe MgS ZnS MgTe CdS...CdSe ZnSe ZnTe CdTe AlP GaP AlSb InP Ge Si GaSb InSbInAs AlAs GaAs MgSe Ba nd ga p En er gy (e V) Lattice Constant (nm) • HgCdSe is being

Influence of source distribution and geochemical composition of aerosols on children exposure in the large polymetallic mining region of the Bolivian Altiplano.

PubMed

Goix, Sylvaine; Point, David; Oliva, Priscia; Polve, Mireille; Duprey, Jean Louis; Mazurek, Hubert; Guislain, Ludivine; Huayta, Carlos; Barbieri, Flavia L; Gardon, Jacques

2011-12-15

The Bolivian Altiplano (Highlands) region is subject to intense mining, tailing and smelting activities since centuries because of the presence of large and unique polymetallic ore deposits (Ag, Au, Cu, Pb, Sn, Sb, Zn). A large scale PM(10), PM(2.5) aerosol monitoring survey was conducted during the dry season in one of the largest mining cities of this region (Oruro, 200,000 inhabitants). Aerosol fractions, source distribution and transport were investigated for 23 elements at approximately 1 km(2) scale resolution, and compared to children exposure data obtained within the same geographical space. As, Cd, Pb, Sb, W and Zn in aerosols are present at relatively high concentrations when compared to studies from other mining regions. Arsenic exceeds the European council PM(10) guide value (6 ng/m(3)) for 90% of the samples, topping 200 ng/m(3). Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Sb are present at significantly higher levels in the district located in the vicinity of the smelter zone. At the city level, principal component analysis combined with the mapping of factor scores allowed the identification and deconvolution of four individual sources: i) a natural magmatic source (Co, Cs, Fe, K, Mn, Na, Rb and U) originating from soil dust, resuspended by the traffic activity; ii) a natural sedimentary source (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Th) resulting from the suspension of evaporative salt deposits located South; iii) an anthropogenic source specifically enriched in mined elements (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb and Zn) mainly in the smelting district of the city; and iv) a Ni-Cr source homogenously distributed between the different city districts. Enrichment factors for As, Cd and Sb clearly show the impact of smelting activities, particularly in the finest PM(2.5) fraction. Comparison to children's hair metal contents collected in five schools from different districts shows a direct exposure to smelting activity fingerprinted by a unique trace elements pattern (Ag, As, Cu, Pb, Sb). Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Carrier Concentration Control of GaSb/GaInAsSb System

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lazzari, J.-L.; Anda, F. de; Nieto, J.

2007-02-22

The residual carrier concentration of GaSb and GaSb-lattice matched Ga1-xInxAsySb1-y alloys (x = 0.12-0.26; y = 0.9x) grown by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) was studied as a function of growth temperature, V/III ratio and alloy composition. Typical carrier concentrations p {approx} 2-3x1016 cm-3 were obtained for undoped GaSb grown by MBE at 480 deg. C, by LPE from Ga-rich melt at low temperature (400 deg. C), and by LPE from Sb-rich melts at {approx}600 deg. C. The native acceptor defect responsible of the high p-type residual doping in GaSb is reduced when the indium concentrationmore » is increased, and disappears for indium rich alloys (x = 0.23, 0.26). Tellurium compensation was used for controlled n-type doping in the (0.05-30)x1017 cm-3 range. A maximum of free carrier concentration was 1.5x1018 cm-3 for LPE layers, 2x1018 cm-3 for MBE layers grown at 1.0 {mu}m/h, 3.5x1018 cm-3 for MBE layers grown at 0.2 {mu}m/h. SIMS measurements showed Te concentrations of more than 1020 at/cm3, suggesting the formation of ternary GaSb1-xTex solid solution.« less

ANALYSIS OF OUT OF DATE MCU MODIFIER LOCATED IN SRNL

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Crawford, C.

2014-10-22

SRNL recently completed density measurements and chemical analyses on modifier samples stored in drums within SRNL. The modifier samples date back to 2008 and are in various quantities up to 40 gallons. Vendor information on the original samples indicates a shelf life of 5 years. There is interest in determining if samples that have been stored for more than the 5 year shelf life are still acceptable for use. The Modular Caustic Side Solvent Extraction Unit (MCU) Solvent component Cs-7SB [(2,2,3,3- tetraflouropropoxy)-3-(4-sec-butylphenoxy)-2-propanol, CAS #308362-88-1] is used as a diluent modifier to increase extractant solubility and provide physical characteristics necessary formore » diluent trimming.« less

Effects of clear aligners on sleep bruxism: randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Castroflorio, T; Bargellini, A; Lucchese, A; Manuelli, M; Casasco, F; Cugliari, G; Cioffi, I; Deregibus, A

2018-01-01

The possible effects on sleep bruxism (SB) of clear aligners in orthodontics are unknown. This study was conducted to analyze the effects of clear aligners on SB. Sixty subjects needing orthodontic treatment and affected by SB (33 m, 27 f, 20±;5 years) were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to one of the following three groups: 20 were given clear aligners (CAT) (12 m, 8 f, 19±5 years), 20 occlusal splint (MOS) (9 m, 11 f, 22±5 years) and 20 a placebo splint (PMS) (12 m, 8 f, 24±3 years). All groups were followed for 6 consecutive months and monitored for SB with a portable electromyographic-electrocardiographic (EMG-ECG) device (Bruxoff®, OT Bioelettronica, Torino, Italy). MOS subjects reduced masseter contractions after 6 months of treatment (t3) (MD=-29.11, std. error 11.74, p=0.017) but increased phasic contractions related to SB after 3 months of treatment (t2) (MD=4.73, std. error 2.36, p=0.048) and tonic contractions related to SB during all the six months of treatment (t1, t2, t3) when compared to PMS. CAT subjects increased phasic contractions related to SB during the first (t1) (MD=3.94, std. error 2.27, p=0.04) and the third month (t2) of treatment (MD=4.62, std. error 2.36, p=0.046) when compared to PMS. No significant differences were found for SB index at any time for all the three groups. Although MOS and CAT affected EMG signals during sleep time differently, they did not influence the overall SB index.

Electrochemical oxidation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid by metal-oxide-coated Ti electrodes.

PubMed

Maharana, Dusmant; Xu, Zesheng; Niu, Junfeng; Rao, Neti Nageswara

2015-10-01

Electrochemical oxidation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) over metal-oxide-coated Ti anodes, i.e., Ti/SnO2-Sb/Ce-PbO2, Ti/SnO2-Sb and Ti/RuO2, was examined. The degradation efficiency of over 90% was attained at 20 min at different initial concentrations (0.5-20 mg L(-1)) and initial pH values (3.1-11.2). The degradation efficiencies of 2,4,5-T on Ti/SnO2-Sb/Ce-PbO2, Ti/SnO2-Sb and Ti/RuO2 anodes were higher than 99.9%, 97.2% and 91.5% at 30 min, respectively, and the respective total organic carbon removal ratios were 65.7%, 54.6% and 37.2%. The electrochemical degradation of 2,4,5-T in aqueous solution followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The compounds, i.e., 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone and 2,5-dihydroxy-p-benzoquinone, have been identified as the main aromatic intermediates by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that the energy efficiencies of 2,4,5-T (20 mg L(-1)) degradation with Ti/SnO2-Sb/Ce-PbO2 anode at the optimal current densities from 2 to 16 mA cm(-2) ranged from 8.21 to 18.73 kWh m(-3). Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Using the Semiconductors Materials of InSb-ZnTe System in Sensors for Gas Control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shubenkova, E. G.

2017-04-01

The samples of thin film semiconductor compounds InSb, ZnTe and solid solutions based on them were obtained by vapor deposition of components on a dielectric substrate in a vacuum, followed by annealing and their surface properties in CO, O2 and NH3 gas atmospheres were investigated. Identification of the samples was carried out by X-ray diffraction techniques. In the temperature range 253 ÷ 403 K and a pressure range of 1÷12 Pa the gas adsorption was measured by piezoelectric microbalance technique. In order to establish the basic regularities of processes flowing on samples surface in addition to the electrophisical were used Infrared and Raman spectroscopic measurements. The resulting addiction “surface property - composition” is extreme and have allowed to determine solid solution InSb0,95-ZnTe0,05 as the most sensitive to the presence of ammonia, selective and this sample exhibits a negligible oxidation of surface.

Thermoelectric study of Ag doped SnSe-Sb2Se3 based alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Das, Anish; Talukdar, M.; Kumar, Aparabal; Sarkar, Kalyan Jyoti; Dhama, P.; Banerji, P.

2018-05-01

In this article we have synthesized p-type alloy of SnSe and Sb2Se3 (10 atomic %) to study the thermoelectric transport properties. The alloy was prepared by melt grown technique followed by spark plasma sintering and latter doped with 2 atomic % Ag to compensate the carrier density in order to achieve higher electrical conductivity (σ). Out of these, the doped sample resulted in the maximum figure of merit, ZT˜0.7 at 773 K due to the existence of the secondary phase AgSbSe2 and reduced lattice thermal conductivity (0.61 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K). The fitted lattice thermal conductivity shows that point defect and Umklapp scattering are the primary process of phonon scattering for all the samples whereas the fitted mobility data confirms acoustic phonon scattering along with point defect and grain boundary scattering to be the main carrier scattering mechanism. More over room temperature carrier density and electrical conductivity are found to increase for the doped sample which further corroborate (90%)SnSe-(10%)Sb2Se3:2%Ag to be a potential candidate for highly efficient thermoelectric materials.

Bacterial Communities in the Groundwater of Xikuangshan Antimony Mine, China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, M.; Wang, H.; Wang, N.; Wang, M.

2017-12-01

Xikuangshan (XKS) is the biggest antimony (Sb) mine around the word, which causes serious environmental contamination due to the mining actives. To fully understand the bacterial compositions in the groundwater around the mining area in XKS and their correlation with environmental factors, groundwater samples were collected and subject to 16S rDNA high throughput sequencing. Results indicated that Proteobacteria (especially Gamma-Proteobacteria) dominated bacterial communities in high-Sb groundwater samples, whereas Bacteroidetes predominated in low-Sb groundwater. Furthermore, antimony concentration was found to be the most significant factor shaping bacterial communities (P=0.002) with an explanation of 9.16% of the variation. Other factors such as pH, contents of Mg, Ca and orthophosphate were also observed to significantly correlate with bacterial communities. This was the first report to show the important impact of Sb concentration on bacterial community structure in the groundwater in the mining area. Our results will enhance the understanding of subsurface biogeochemical processes mediated by microbes.

Effect of Casein Phosphopeptide-amorphous Calcium Phosphate Treatment on Microtensile Bond Strength to Carious Affected Dentin Using Two Adhesive Strategies

PubMed Central

Bahari, Mahmoud; Savadi Oskoee, Siavash; Kimyai, Soodabeh; Pouralibaba, Firoz; Farhadi, Farrokh; Norouzi, Marouf

2014-01-01

Background and aims. The aim was to evaluate the effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) to carious affected dentin (CAD) using etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesive systems. Materials and methods. The occlusal surface of 32 human molars with moderate occlusal caries was removed. Infected dentin was removed until reaching CAD and the teeth were randomly divided into two groups based on the Single Bond (SB) and Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) adhesive systems. Before composite resin bonding, each group was subdivided into three subgroups of ND, CAD and CPP-ACP-treated CAD (CAD-CPP) based on the dentin substrate. After dissecting samples to l-mm-thick cross-sections (each subgroup: n = 13), μTBS was measured at a strain rate of 0.5 mm/min. Data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA, independent samples t-test and post-hoc Tukey tests (α=0.05). Results. Bond strength of both adhesive systems to ND was significantly higher than that to CAD (P <0.001) and CAD/CPP (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the μTBS of SB to CAD and CAD-CPP (P > 0.05).μTBS of CSE to CAD-CPP was higher than that to CAD; however, the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). Significant differences were found between SB and CSE systems only with CAD substrate (P < 0.001). Conclusion. Regardless of the adhesive system used, surface treatment of CAD with CPP-ACP did not have a significant effect on bond strength. However, bond strength to CAD was higher with SB rather than with CSE. PMID:25346832

Infrared Emitters and Photodetectors with InAsSb Bulk Active Region

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-04-29

SLS) buffers on GaSb substrates [9]. By that time, 145 meV (A.= 8.6 J.lm) was reported to be the minimum energy gap for the bulk lnAsSb alloys at 77...substrate side (b) GaSb substrate thinned to 200iJm Figure 5. (a) The band diagram of the heterostructure with the undoped bulk InAsSb0.2 layer...shift of the EL energy peak compared to the PL peak at/, ... I 0 1-1m is explained by band filling under electrical injection. A sublinear

Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic lineages of Enterococcus spp. from vegetable food, soil and irrigation water in farm environments in Tunisia.

PubMed

Ben Said, Leila; Klibi, Naouel; Dziri, Raoudha; Borgo, Francesca; Boudabous, Abdellatif; Ben Slama, Karim; Torres, Carmen

2016-03-30

The objective of this study was to determine the species, clonal diversity, antibiotic resistance and virulence of enterococci in different environments. Seventy-one samples of farm origin (34 of food vegetables, 27 of soil and ten of irrigation water) and 19 samples of vegetables from five markets, were inoculated in Slanetz-Bartley agar plates supplemented or not with gentamicin (SB-Gen and SB plates, respectively) for enterococci recovery. Enterococci were obtained from 72.2% of tested samples in SB media (food vegetables from farms, 88.2%; soil and irrigation water, 51%; food vegetables from markets, 84.2%), and 65 enterococcal isolates were obtained. Enterococcus faecium was the most prevalent species (52.3%), followed by E. hirae (35.4%), E. faecalis (6.15%), and E. casseliflavus (6.15%). Antibiotic resistance detected among these enterococci was as follows (percentage/detected gene): ciprofloxacin (60%), erythromycin (18.4%/erm(B)), tetracycline (15.4%/tet(M)-tet(L)), kanamycin (15.4%/aph(3')-III), chloramphenicol (7.7%), streptomycin (3%/ant(6)), vancomycin (6.15%/vanC2)), teicoplanin (0%) and ampicillin (0%). High-level gentamicin-resistant (HLR-G) enterococci were detected in SB-Gen plates in 14 of 90 tested samples (15.5%), and 15 isolates were characterized: ten E. faecalis, four E. faecium and one E. hirae. All HLR-G enterococci carried the aac(6')-aph(2″), erm(B) and tet(M) genes, among other resistance genes. The HLR-G isolates showed high genetic diversity (ten different PFGE profiles), and were ascribed to the sequence types ST2, ST16, ST28 and new ST528 (in E. faecalis), and ST56, new ST885 and new ST886 (in E. faecium). Food vegetables in the farm or market settings are frequently contaminated by HLR-G enterococci, and these microorganisms could reach the human intestine through the food chain, if hygienic conditions are not followed. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.

[Correlation of Plasma Co-stimulatory Molecules B7-H2 and B7-H3 with Platelet Auto-antibodies in Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura].

PubMed

Zuo, Bin; Zhao, Yun-Xiao; Yang, Jian-Feng; He, Yang

2015-08-01

To investigate whether the plasma level of platelet auto- antibodies in ITP patients is related to that of co-stimulatory molecules sB7-H2 and sB7-H3. A total of 61 ITP patients and 25 healthy controls from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from June 2012 to August 2013 were enrolled in this study. The expression levels of platelet auto-antibodies against 5 glycoproteins (GPIX, GP Ib, GP IIIa, GPIIb and P-selectin) in plasma were detected by flow cytometric immuno-beads array, and the expression of soluable co-stimulatory molecules sB7-H2 and sB7-H3 was measured by ELISA. The plasma levels of 5 auto-antibodies against platelet membrance glycoproteins significantly increased in ITP patiens (P < 0.01). Compared with healthy controls, sB7-H2 levels increased (P < 0.05), while the sB7-H3 level did not significantly change (r = 0.13, P > 0.05). However, the correlation analysis showed that sB7-H3 negatively correlated with platelet P-selectin auto-antibody (r = -0.46, P < 0.05), and sB7-H2 and sB7-H3 significantly reduced in ITP patients with positive P-selectin auto-antibody (P < 0.01). In ITP patients, platelet counts negatively correlated with sB7-H2 (r = -0.3907, P < 0.01), but did not correlate with sB7-H3. Soluble costimulatory molecule sB7-H2 elevates in ITP patients, and the level of sB7-H3 is associated with auto-antibodies against P-selectin, suggesting that costimulatory molecules B7-H2 and B7-H3 may be involved in the pathogenesis of immune regulation abnormality in ITP.

Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of La{sub 3}Co{sub 2}SbO{sub 9}: A double perovskite with competing antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Franco, D.G.; Fuertes, V.C.; Blanco, M.C.

2012-10-15

The synthesis, structural characterization, and magnetic properties of La{sub 3}Co{sub 2}SbO{sub 9} double perovskite are reported. The crystal structure has been refined by X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data in the monoclinic space group P2{sub 1}/n. Co{sup 2+} and Sb{sup 5+} have the maximum order allowed for the La{sub 3}Co{sub 2}SbO{sub 9} stoichiometry. Rietveld refinements of powder neutron diffraction data show that at room temperature the cell parameters are a=5.6274(2) A, b=5.6842(2) A, c=7.9748(2) A and {beta}=89.999(3) Degree-Sign . Magnetization measurements indicate the presence of ferromagnetic correlations with T{sub C}=55 K attributed to the exchange interactions for non-linear Co{sup 2+}-O-Sb{supmore » 5+}-O-Co{sup 2+} paths. The effective magnetic moment obtained experimentally is {mu}{sub exp}=4.38 {mu}{sub B} (per mol Co{sup 2+}), between the theoretical one for spin only (3.87 {mu}{sub B}) and spin-orbit value (6.63 {mu}{sub B}), indicating partially unquenched contribution. The low magnetization value at high magnetic field and low temperature (1 {mu}{sub B}/f.u., 5 T and 5 K) and the difference between ZFC and FC magnetization curves (at 5 kOe) indicate that the ferromagnetism do not reach a long range order and that the material has an important magnetic frustration. - Graphical abstract: Co-O-Co (Yellow octahedra only) rich zones (antiferromagnetic) are in contact with Co-O-Sb-O-Co (Red and yellow octahedra) rich zones (Ferromagnetic) to give the peculiar magnetic properties, as a consequence, a complex hysteresis loop can be observed composed by a main and irreversible curve in all the measured range, superimposed with a ferromagnetic component at low fields. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer La{sub 3}Co{sub 2}SbO{sub 9} has small Goldschmidt Tolerance Factor (t) due to the small size of La{sup 3+}. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Small t determines an angle for the path Co{sup 2+}-O-Sb{sup 5+}-O-Co{sup 2+} of 153 Degree-Sign . Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Ferromagnetism is attributed to exchange interactions for Co{sup 2+}-O-Sb{sup 5+}-O-Co{sup 2+} paths. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Ferromagnetic nanoclusters are embedded in an antiferromagnetic matrix.« less

Solvent hold tank sample results for MCU-16-1317-1318-1319: September 2016 monthly sample

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fondeur, F. F.; Jones, D. H.

Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) received one set of three Solvent Hold Tank (SHT) samples (MCU-16-1317-1318-1319), pulled on 09/12/2016 for analysis. The samples were combined and analyzed for composition. Analysis of the composite sample MCU-16-1317-1318-1319 indicated the Isopar™L concentration is above its nominal level (102%). The extractant (MaxCalix) and the modifier (CS-7SB) are 5% and 9% below their nominal concentrations. The suppressor (TiDG) is 76% below its nominal concentration. A summary of the concentration of the relevant solvent components is shown below.

Electrical properties and transport mechanisms in phase change memory thin films of quasi-binary-line GeTe–Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 3} chalcogenide semiconductors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sherchenkov, A. A.; Kozyukhin, S. A., E-mail: sergkoz@igic.ras.ru; Lazarenko, P. I.

The temperature dependences of the resistivity and current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of phase change memory thin films based on quasi-binary-line GeTe–Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 3} chalcogenide semiconductors Ge{sub 2}Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 5}, GeSb{sub 2}Te{sub 5}, and GeSb{sub 4}Te{sub 7} are investigated. The effect of composition variation along the quasibinary line on the electrical properties and transport mechanisms of the thin films is studied. The existence of three ranges with different I–V characteristics is established. The position and concentration of energy levels controlling carrier transport are estimated. The results obtained show that the electrical properties of the thin films can significantly change during a shiftmore » along the quasi-binary line GeTe–Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 3}, which is important for targeted optimization of the phase change memory technology.« less

The evaluation of the genotoxicity of two food preservatives: sodium benzoate and potassium benzoate.

PubMed

Zengin, N; Yüzbaşıoğlu, D; Unal, F; Yılmaz, S; Aksoy, H

2011-04-01

In this study, the genotoxic effects of sodium benzoate (SB) and potassium benzoate (PB) were investigated in cultured human peripheral lymphocytes using chromosomal aberrations (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and micronuclei (MN). The level of nuclear DNA damage of SB and PB were also evaluated using the comet assay. The lymphocytes were incubated with different concentrations of SB (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml) and PB (62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 μg/ml). A significant increase was observed in CA, SCE, and MN, in almost all treatments compared to negative controls. SB and PB significantly decreased the mitotic index (MI) in all the treatments, compared to the negative controls. However, neither of the additives affected the replication index (RI). Although SB significantly increased DNA damage, PB did not cause a significant increase in DNA damage. The present results indicate that SB and PB are clastogenic, mutagenic and cytotoxic to human lymphocytes in vitro. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Removal of Sb-125 and Tc-99 from Liquid Radwaste by Novel Adsorbents

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Harjula, R.O.; Koivula, R.; Paajanen, A.

2006-07-01

Novel proprietary metal oxide materials (MOM) have been tested for the removal of Sb-125 from simulated Floor Drain Waters of BWR. Antimony was present in the solutions as oxidized anionic form. Long term column experiment with simulated liquid that showed high Sb-125 removal at least up to 8000 bed volumes. One column experiments was carried out using nonradioactive Sb to exhaust the column. Leaching tests with 1000 ppm boric acid showed that 100 % of absorbed Sb remains in the sorbent material. Column experiments with real Fuel Pond Water from Olkiluoto NPP (BWR) showed reduction of Sb-125 (feed level 400more » Bq/L, 1.10{sup -5} {mu}Ci/mL) below detection limit (MDA = 1.7 Bq/L, 5.10{sup -8},{mu}Ci/mL). Additional experiments have also been carried out with pertechnetate (Tc-99) ions. Results indicate that MOM materials are efficient also for the removal of Tc-99 from concentrated NaNO{sub 3} solution. (authors)« less

MoSbTe for high-speed and high-thermal-stability phase-change memory applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Wanliang; Wu, Liangcai; Li, Tao; Song, Zhitang; Shi, Jianjun; Zhang, Jing; Feng, Songlin

2018-04-01

Mo-doped Sb1.8Te materials and electrical devices were investigated for high-thermal-stability and high-speed phase-change memory applications. The crystallization temperature (t c = 185 °C) and 10-year data retention (t 10-year = 112 °C) were greatly enhanced compared with those of Ge2Sb2Te5 (t c = 150 °C, t 10-year = 85 °C) and pure Sb1.8Te (t c = 166 °C, t 10-year = 74 °C). X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results show that the Mo dopant suppresses crystallization, reducing the crystalline grain size. Mo2.0(Sb1.8Te)98.0-based devices were fabricated to evaluate the reversible phase transition properties. SET/RESET with a large operation window can be realized using a 10 ns pulse, which is considerably better than that required for Ge2Sb2Te5 (∼50 ns). Furthermore, ∼1 × 106 switching cycles were achieved.

Comparison of folic acid levels in schizophrenic patients and control groups

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arthy, C. C.; Amin, M. M.; Effendy, E.

2018-03-01

Folic acid deficiency is a risk factor for schizophrenia through epidemiology, biochemistry and gene-related studies. Compared with healthy people, schizophrenic patients may have high homocysteine plasma values and homocysteine or low levels of folic acid, which seems to correlate with extrapyramidal motor symptoms caused by neuroleptic therapy and with symptoms of schizophrenia. In this present study, we focus on the difference of folic acid level between schizophrenic patient and control group. The study sample consisted of schizophrenic patients and 14 people in the control group and performed blood sampling to obtain the results of folic acid levels. The folic acid level in both groups was within normal range, but the schizophrenic patient group had lower mean folic acid values of 5.00 ng/ml (sb 1.66), compared with the control group with mean folic acid values of 10.75 ng/ml (sb 4.33). there was the group of the control group had a higher value of folic acid than the schizophrenic group.

The relationship between bond ionicity, lattice energy, coefficient of thermal expansion and microwave dielectric properties of Nd(Nb(1-x)Sb(x))O4 ceramics.

PubMed

Zhang, Ping; Zhao, Yonggui; Wang, Xiuyu

2015-06-28

The crystalline structure refinement, chemical bond ionicity, lattice energy and coefficient of thermal expansion were carried out for Nd(Nb(1-x)Sb(x))O4 ceramics with a monoclinic fergusonite structure to investigate the correlations between the crystalline structure, phase stability, bond ionicity, lattice energy, coefficient of thermal expansion, and microwave dielectric properties. The bond ionicity, lattice energy, and coefficient of thermal expansion of Nd(Nb(1-x)Sb(x))O4 ceramics were calculated using a semiempirical method based on the complex bond theory. The phase structure stability varied with the lattice energy which was resulted by the substitution constant of Sb(5+). With the increasing of the Sb(5+) contents, the decrease of Nb/Sb-O bond ionicity was observed, which could be contributed to the electric polarization. The ε(r) had a close relationship with the Nb/Sb-O bond ionicity. The increase of the Q×f and |τ(f)| values could be attributed to the lattice energy and the coefficient of thermal expansion. The microwave dielectric properties of Nd(Nb(1-x)Sb(x))O4 ceramics with the monoclinic fergusonite structure were strongly dependent on the chemical bond ionicity, lattice energy and coefficient of thermal expansion.

Structural properties of Sb 2S 3 under pressure: Evidence of an electronic topological transition

DOE PAGES

Efthimiopoulos, Ilias; Buchan, Cienna; Wang, Yuejian

2016-04-06

High-pressure Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction of Sb 2S 3 up to 53 GPa reveals two phase transitions at 5 GPa and 15 GPa. The first transition is evidenced by noticeable compressibility changes in distinct Raman-active modes, in the lattice parameter axial ratios, the unit cell volume, as well as in specific interatomic bond lengths and bond angles. By taking into account relevant results from the literature, we assign these effects to a second-order isostructural transition arising from an electronic topological transition in Sb 2S 3 near 5 GPa. Close comparison between Sb 2S 3 and Sb 2S 3 upmore » to 10 GPa reveals a slightly diverse structural behavior for these two compounds after the isostructural transition pressure. This structural diversity appears to account for the different pressure-induced electronic behavior of Sb 2S 3 and Sb 2S 3 up to 10 GPa, i.e. the absence of an insulator-metal transition in Sb 2S 3 up to that pressure. Lastly, the second high-pressure modification appearing above 15 GPa appears to trigger a structural disorder at ~20 GPa; full decompression from 53 GPa leads to the recovery of an amorphous state.« less

Short range structure of 0.35Sb2O3-0.65(Li2O-P2O5) glass: A neutron diffraction study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shinde, A. B.; Krishna, P. S. R.

2018-04-01

Neutron diffraction studies on Li2O-P2O5 and 0.35Sb2O3-0.65(Li2O-P2O5) glass are performed up to a Qmax of 15 Å-1 on the High-Q diffractometer, Dhruva. MCGR method is used to find pair correlation functions (g(r)) functions from experimentally obtained S(Q). We found that the Li-O and first Sb-O correlations to be around 2.04 Å & 2.15 Å. The O-O correlation from Phosphate & Antimony networks are found to be around 2.7 Å. The short range order of Sb is similar to its crystalline polymorph of valentinite instead of senarmonite. The short range order and network connectivity in this glass implies a structure composed of chains of corner sharing SbO3 pyramidal units connected to PO4 tetrahedra while Li acts as a modifier.

Facility Instrumentation for SOFIA: Technical Specifications and Scientific Goals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stacey, G. J.

2000-05-01

The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) is NASA's next generation airborne observatory consisting of a 2.5 m telescope in a modified Boeing 747 SP. First light is expected in late 2002. Three "Facility Class" instruments were among the first generation of instruments selected to fly on SOFIA. These instruments, currently under development are (1) a 5 to 38 um imaging photometer based on twin As:Si and Sb:Sb BIB arrays (FORCAST), (2) a 40 to 300 um photometer based on three arrays of bolometers, and (3) a 17 to 210 um eschelle grating spectrometer based on an Sb:Sb BIB array and a Ge:Sb and stressed Ge:Ga array of photoconductors. I will discuss both the technical aspects of these facility instruments, and some of the exciting new science that is possible with these ground breaking instruments on an airborne 2.5 meter telescope. Science topics include circumstellar debris disks, star formation, the Galactic Center, and distant galaxies.

Nonpeptidic urotensin-II receptor antagonists I: in vitro pharmacological characterization of SB-706375

PubMed Central

Douglas, Stephen A; Behm, David J; Aiyar, Nambi V; Naselsky, Diane; Disa, Jyoti; Brooks, David P; Ohlstein, Eliot H; Gleason, John G; Sarau, Henry M; Foley, James J; Buckley, Peter T; Schmidt, Dulcie B; Wixted, William E; Widdowson, Katherine; Riley, Graham; Jin, Jian; Gallagher, Timothy F; Schmidt, Stanley J; Ridgers, Lance; Christmann, Lisa T; Keenan, Richard M; Knight, Steven D; Dhanak, Dashyant

2005-01-01

SB-706375 potently inhibited [125I]hU-II binding to both mammalian recombinant and ‘native' UT receptors (Ki 4.7±1.5 to 20.7±3.6 nM at rodent, feline and primate recombinant UT receptors and Ki 5.4±0.4 nM at the endogenous UT receptor in SJRH30 cells). Prior exposure to SB-706375 (1 μM, 30 min) did not alter [125I]hU-II binding affinity or density in recombinant cells (KD 3.1±0.4 vs 5.8±0.9 nM and Bmax 3.1±1.0 vs 2.8±0.8 pmol mg−1) consistent with a reversible mode of action. The novel, nonpeptidic radioligand [3H]SB-657510, a close analogue of SB-706375, bound to the monkey UT receptor (KD 2.6±0.4 nM, Bmax 0.86±0.12 pmol mg−1) in a manner that was inhibited by both U-II isopeptides and SB-706375 (Ki 4.6±1.4 to 17.6±5.4 nM) consistent with the sulphonamides and native U-II ligands sharing a common UT receptor binding domain. SB-706375 was a potent, competitive hU-II antagonist across species with pKb 7.29–8.00 in HEK293-UT receptor cells (inhibition of [Ca2+]i-mobilization) and pKb 7.47 in rat isolated aorta (inhibition of contraction). SB-706375 also reversed tone established in the rat aorta by prior exposure to hU-II (Kapp∼20 nM). SB-706375 was a selective U-II antagonist with ⩾100-fold selectivity for the human UT receptor compared to 86 distinct receptors, ion channels, enzymes, transporters and nuclear hormones (Ki/IC50>1 μM). Accordingly, the contractile responses induced in isolated aortae by KCl, phenylephrine, angiotensin II and endothelin-1 were unaltered by SB-706375 (1 μM). In summary, SB-706375 is a high-affinity, surmountable, reversible and selective nonpeptide UT receptor antagonist with cross-species activity that will assist in delineating the pathophysiological actions of U-II in mammals. PMID:15852036

MBE System for Antimonide Based Semiconductor Lasers

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-01-31

selectivity are reported as a function of plasma chemistry and DC self-bias. Experiment The samples used in this study are undoped bulk GaSb, InSb...Phys. Lett. 64(13), 1673-1675 (1994). 8. J. W. Lee, J. Hong, E. S. Lambers, C. R. Abernathy, S. J. Pearton, W. S. Hobson, and F. Ren, Plasma Chemistry and...AlGaAsSb are reported as functions of plasma chemistry , ICP power, RF self-bias, and chamber pressure. It is found that physical sputtering desorption of

46 CFR 54.20-5 - Welding qualification tests and production testing (modifies UW-26, UW-28, UW-29, UW-47, and UW-48).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Welding qualification tests and production testing... OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PRESSURE VESSELS Fabrication by Welding § 54.20-5 Welding qualification tests and production testing (modifies UW-26, UW-28, UW-29, UW-47, and UW-48). (a...

46 CFR 54.20-5 - Welding qualification tests and production testing (modifies UW-26, UW-28, UW-29, UW-47, and UW-48).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Welding qualification tests and production testing... OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PRESSURE VESSELS Fabrication by Welding § 54.20-5 Welding qualification tests and production testing (modifies UW-26, UW-28, UW-29, UW-47, and UW-48). (a...

46 CFR 54.20-5 - Welding qualification tests and production testing (modifies UW-26, UW-28, UW-29, UW-47, and UW-48).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Welding qualification tests and production testing... OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PRESSURE VESSELS Fabrication by Welding § 54.20-5 Welding qualification tests and production testing (modifies UW-26, UW-28, UW-29, UW-47, and UW-48). (a...

46 CFR 54.20-5 - Welding qualification tests and production testing (modifies UW-26, UW-28, UW-29, UW-47, and UW-48).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Welding qualification tests and production testing... OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PRESSURE VESSELS Fabrication by Welding § 54.20-5 Welding qualification tests and production testing (modifies UW-26, UW-28, UW-29, UW-47, and UW-48). (a...

46 CFR 54.20-5 - Welding qualification tests and production testing (modifies UW-26, UW-28, UW-29, UW-47, and UW-48).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Welding qualification tests and production testing... OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PRESSURE VESSELS Fabrication by Welding § 54.20-5 Welding qualification tests and production testing (modifies UW-26, UW-28, UW-29, UW-47, and UW-48). (a...

A comparison of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging plus blue dye and blue dye alone for sentinel node navigation surgery in breast cancer patients.

PubMed

Hirano, Akira; Kamimura, Mari; Ogura, Kaoru; Kim, Naomi; Hattori, Akinori; Setoguchi, Yumika; Okubo, Fumie; Inoue, Hiroaki; Miyamoto, Reiko; Kinoshita, Jun; Fujibayashi, Mariko; Shimizu, Tadao

2012-12-01

To evaluate two methods of sentinel node navigation surgery (SNNS) using blue dye with and without indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging (FI) to determine the usefulness of combined ICG and blue dye. Between 2005 and 2010, a total of 501 patients underwent SNNS in our hospital. Detection of sentinel lymph node (SLN) was performed with sulfan blue (SB) alone until 2008 and with a combination of SB and ICG-FI since 2009. ICG 5 mg and SB 15 mg were injected in the subareolar region, and FI was obtained by a fluorescence imaging device. We attempted to identify SLNs in 393 patients by SB alone and in 108 patients by a combination of SB and FI. The mean number of SLNs detected was 1.6 (0-5) for SB alone and 2.2 (1-6) for the combination method. The SLN identification rate was 95.7 % for SB alone and 100 % for the combination method so that the combination was significantly superior to SB in terms of the identification rate (p = 0.0037). In patients who received the combination method, detection of SLN was made through only SB in 1 patient, only ICG in 8 patients, and both in 99 patients. Lymph node metastasis was found in 56 patients with SB alone and in 16 patients with the combination method. Recurrence of an axillary node was observed in 3 patients (0.8 %) with SB alone and in no patients with the combination method. ICG-FI is a useful method and is especially recommended in cases where no radiotracers are available.

Orthogonal Higher Order Factor Structure of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales--Fifth Edition for Children and Adolescents

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Canivez, Gary L.

2008-01-01

Orthogonal higher-order factor structure of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales-Fifth Edition (SB-5; Roid, 2003a) for child and adolescent samples is reported. Multiple criteria for factor extraction unanimously supported extraction of only one dimension and a unidimensional model. However, following results from DiStefano and Dombrowski (2006)…

Photoluminescence and Band Alignment of Strained GaAsSb/GaAs QW Structures Grown by MBE on GaAs

PubMed Central

Sadofyev, Yuri G.; Samal, Nigamananda

2010-01-01

An in-depth optimization of growth conditions and investigation of optical properties including discussions on band alignment of GaAsSb/GaAs quantum well (QW) on GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) are reported. Optimal MBE growth temperature of GaAsSb QW is found to be 470 ± 10 °C. GaAsSb/GaAs QW with Sb content ~0.36 has a weak type-II band alignment with valence band offset ratio QV ~1.06. A full width at half maximum (FWHM) of ~60 meV in room temperature (RT) photoluminescence (PL) indicates fluctuation in electrostatic potential to be less than 20 meV. Samples grown under optimal conditions do not exhibit any blue shift of peak in RT PL spectra under varying excitation.

Growth and characterization of vertical cavity structures on InP with GaAsSb/AlAsSb Bragg mirrors for 1.55 μm emission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Genty, Frédéric; Almuneau, Guilhem; Chusseau, Laurent; Wilk, Arnaud; Gaillard, Serge; Boissier, Guilhem; Grech, Pierre; Jacquet, Joel

1999-05-01

With the aim of fabricating vertical cavity semiconductor lasers (VCSEL), the molecular beam epitaxy growth of GaAsSb using two different element-V precursor sets has been first evaluated. Alloy compositions as well as ease of achieving lattice-matching are compared with both (As 2-Sb 4) or (As 2-Sb 2). Change in the growth mode process that depends on the precursor couple is presumed to influence strongly As and Sb incorporation rates thereby causing difficulties in reaching lattice-matching with Sb 4. The above study has allowed the fabrication of a fully doped 3 λ/2 monolithic Sb-based VCSEL on InP. The main devices performing at 77 K are a 200 nm wide stopband centered at 1.5 μm and a clear cavity resonance at 1.53 μm from which electroluminescence has been observed.

Synthesis, crystal and electronic structure of the quaternary sulfides Ln{sub 2}CuMS{sub 5} (Ln=La, Ce; M=Sb, Bi)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kussainova, Ardak M.; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716; Akselrud, Lev G.

2016-01-15

The series of quaternary sulfides with general formula Ln{sub 2}CuMS{sub 5} (Ln=La, Ce; M=Sb, Bi) have been synthesized by solid-state reactions. Three representative members have been structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. La{sub 2}CuSbS{sub 5} crystallizes in a new structure type (space group Ima2 (no. 46), Z=4, a=13.401(2) Å, b=7.592(1) Å, c=7.598(1) Å, V=773.1(3) Å{sup 3}). The bismuth analogs of composition La{sub 2}CuBiS{sub 5} and Ce{sub 2}CuBiS{sub 5} crystallize with the La{sub 2}CuInSe{sub 5} structure type (space group Pnma (no. 62), Z=4). Lattice parameters for La{sub 2}CuBiS{sub 5}: a=11.9213(5) Å, b=3.9967(2) Å, c=17.0537(8) Å, V=812.56(7) Å{sup 3}; lattice parameters formore » Ce{sub 2}CuBiS{sub 5}: a=11.9179(15) Å, b=3.9596(5) Å, c=16.955(2) Å, V=800.13(17) Å{sup 3}). The similarities and the differences between the two structures are discussed. Electronic structure calculations for La{sub 2}CuSbS{sub 5} and La{sub 2}CuBiS{sub 5} are also presented; they suggest semiconducting behavior with energy gaps exceeding 1.7 eV. - Graphical abstract: La{sub 2}CuSbS{sub 5} crystallizes in a new structure type (space group Ima2 (no. 46). Its bismuth analog La{sub 2}CuBiS{sub 5} crystallizes in the La{sub 2}CuInSe{sub 5} structure type (space group Pnma (no. 62)). Z=4, a=11.9213(5) Å, b=3.9967(2) Å, c=17.0536(10) Å, V=813.53(10) Å{sup 3}). The structures are based on rare-earth metal atoms coordinated by S atoms in a trigonal-prismatic and/or square-antiprismatic fashion, Cu-centered tetrahedra, and pnictogen atoms in pyramidal or distorted octahedral coordination. - Highlights: • Ln{sub 2}CuSbS{sub 5} are complex quarternary phases crystallizing in their own structure type. • Ln{sub 2}CuSbS{sub 5} and Ce{sub 2}CuBiS{sub 5} are new compound in the respective ternary phase diagrams. • Ln{sub 2}CuSbS{sub 5} on one side, and Ln{sub 2}CuBiS{sub 5} on the other are not isotypic.« less

Optically efficient InAsSb nanowires for silicon-based mid-wavelength infrared optoelectronics.

PubMed

Zhuang, Q D; Alradhi, H; Jin, Z M; Chen, X R; Shao, J; Chen, X; Sanchez, Ana M; Cao, Y C; Liu, J Y; Yates, P; Durose, K; Jin, C J

2017-03-10

InAsSb nanowires (NWs) with a high Sb content have potential in the fabrication of advanced silicon-based optoelectronics such as infrared photondetectors/emitters and highly sensitive phototransistors, as well as in the generation of renewable electricity. However, producing optically efficient InAsSb NWs with a high Sb content remains a challenge, and optical emission is limited to 4.0 μm due to the quality of the nanowires. Here, we report, for the first time, the success of high-quality and optically efficient InAsSb NWs enabling silicon-based optoelectronics operating in entirely mid-wavelength infrared. Pure zinc-blende InAsSb NWs were realized with efficient photoluminescence emission. We obtained room-temperature photoluminescence emission in InAs NWs and successfully extended the emission wavelength in InAsSb NWs to 5.1 μm. The realization of this optically efficient InAsSb NW material paves the way to realizing next-generation devices, combining advances in III-V semiconductors and silicon.

In-plane optical anisotropy of InAs/GaSb superlattices with alternate interfaces

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

The in-plane optical anisotropy (IPOA) in InAs/GaSb superlattices has been studied by reflectance difference spectroscopy (RDS) at different temperatures ranging from 80 to 300 K. We introduce alternate GaAs- and InSb-like interfaces (IFs), which cause the symmetry reduced from D2d to C2v. IPOA has been observed in the (001) plane along [110] and [11¯0] axes. RDS measurement results show strong anisotropy resonance near critical point (CP) energies of InAs and GaSb. The energy positions show red shift and RDS intensity decreases with the increasing temperature. For the superlattice sample with the thicker InSb-like IFs, energy positions show red shift, and the spectra exhibit stronger IPOA. The excitonic effect is clearly observed by RDS at low temperatures. It demonstrates that biaxial strain results in the shift of the CP energies and IPOA is enhanced by the further localization of the carriers in InSb-like IFs. PMID:23799946

Determination of semicarbazide in fish by molecularly imprinted stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography.

PubMed

Tang, Tang; Wei, Fangdi; Wang, Xu; Ma, Yujie; Song, Yueyue; Ma, Yunsu; Song, Quan; Xu, Guanhong; Cen, Yao; Hu, Qin

2018-02-15

A novel molecularly imprinted stir bar (MI-SB) for sorptive extraction of semicarbazide (SEM) was prepared in present paper. The coating of the stir bar was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic adsorption and static adsorption tests. The saturated adsorption of MI-SB was about 4 times over that of non-imprinted stir bar (NI-SB). The selectivity of MI-SB for SEM was much better than NI-SB. A method to determine SEM was established by coupling MI-SB sorptive extraction with HPLC-UV. The liner range was 1-100ng/mL for SEM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9985. The limit of detection was about 0.59ng/mL, which was below the minimum required performance limit of SEM in meat products regulated by European Union. The method was applied to the determination of SEM in fish samples with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Recovering Parameters of Johnson's SB Distribution

Treesearch

Bernard R. Parresol

2003-01-01

A new parameter recovery model for Johnson's SB distribution is developed. This latest alternative approach permits recovery of the range and both shape parameters. Previous models recovered only the two shape parameters. Also, a simple procedure for estimating the distribution minimum from sample values is presented. The new methodology...

RBS, SY-XRF, INAA and ICP-IDMS of antimony implanted in silicon - A multi-method approach to characterize and certify a reference material

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ecker, K. H.; Wätjen, U.; Berger, A.; Persson, L.; Pritzkow, W.; Radtke, M.; Riesemeier, H.

2002-04-01

A layer of Sb atoms, implanted with an energy of 400 keV and a nominal dose of 5×10 16 atoms/cm 2 into a high purity silicon wafer, was certified for its areal density (atoms/cm 2) using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and inductively coupled plasma isotope dilution mass spectrometry (ICP-IDMS) and for its isotope ratio using INAA and ICP-IDMS. Excellent agreement between the results of the different independent methods was found. In the present work, the measurements of the homogeneity of the areal density of Sb, previously determined with RBS in spots having 1 mm diameter, are improved with synchrotron X-ray fluorescence analysis: Higher precision in even smaller sample spots allows to estimate a reduced inhomogeneity of the whole batch of samples of the order of only 0.4%. Thus the uncertainty of the certified value can further be reduced. Down to fractions of a chip with 0.3×0.4 mm 2 area, the areal density is now certified as (4.81±0.06)×10 16 Sb atoms/cm 2, where the expanded uncertainty 0.06 (coverage factor k=2) corresponds to only 1.2%. The relative merits of the different analytical methods are discussed.

Determination of metal concentrations in certified plastic reference materials after small-size autoclave and microwave-assisted digestion followed with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lehtimäki, Esa; Väisänen, Ari

2017-01-01

The digestion methods for the determination of As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Sb, Sn and Zn concentrations in plastic samples using microwave-assisted digestion (MW-AD) and small-size autoclave digestion was developed. The certified polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene certified reference materials were used in order to find digestion method working properly for several sample matrices. Efficiency of the digestion methods was evaluated by analyzing the residual carbon in digests by TOC analyzer. MW-AD using a mixture of 7 mL of HNO3 and 3 mL of H2O2 as a digestion solution resulted in excellent recoveries for As, Cd, Pb, Sb and Zn, and were in the range of 92-107% for all the analytes except Pb in polyethylene material. Autoclave digestion using 5 mL of concentrated HNO3 as a digestion solution resulted in similar recoveries with the exception of a higher As recovery (98%). Tin recovery resulted in low level after both MW-AD and autoclave digestion. Autoclave digestion was further developed resulting in a partially open two-step digestion process especially for the determination of Sn and Cr. The method resulted in higher recoveries of Sn and Cr (87 and 76%) but with the lower concentration of easily volatile As, Cd and Sb.

Characterization of n-Type and p-Type Long-Wave InAs/InAsSb Superlattices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brown, A. E.; Baril, N.; Zuo, D.; Almeida, L. A.; Arias, J.; Bandara, S.

2017-09-01

The influence of dopant concentration on both in-plane mobility and minority carrier lifetime in long-wave infrared InAs/InAsSb superlattices (SLs) was investigated. Unintentially doped ( n-type) and various concentrations of Be-doped ( p-type) SLs were characterized using variable-field Hall and photoconductive decay techniques. Minority carrier lifetimes in p-type InAs/InAsSb SLs are observed to decrease with increasing carrier concentration, with the longest lifetime at 77 K determined to be 437 ns, corresponding to a measured carrier concentration of p 0 = 4.1 × 1015 cm-3. Variable-field Hall technique enabled the extraction of in-plane hole, electron, and surface electron transport properties as a function of temperature. In-plane hole mobility is not observed to change with doping level and increases with reducing temperature, reaching a maximum at the lowest temperature measured of 30 K. An activation energy of the Be-dopant is determined to be 3.5 meV from Arrhenius analysis of hole concentration. Minority carrier electrons populations are suppressed at the highest Be-doping levels, but mobility and concentration values are resolved in lower-doped samples. An average surface electron conductivity of 3.54 × 10-4 S at 30 K is determined from the analysis of p-type samples. Effects of passivation treatments on surface conductivity will be presented.

Growth method for chalcongenide phase-change nanostructures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yu, Bin (Inventor); Sun, Xuhui (Inventor); Meyyappan, Meyya (Inventor)

2010-01-01

A method for growth of an alloy for use in a nanostructure, to provide a resulting nanostructure compound including at least one of Ge.sub.xTe.sub.y, In.sub.xSb.sub.y, In.sub.xSe.sub.y, Sb.sub.xTe.sub.y, Ga.sub.xSb.sub.y, Ge.sub.xSb.sub.y,Te.sub.z, In.sub.xSb.sub.yTe.sub.z, Ga.sub.xSe.sub.yTe.sub.z, Sn.sub.xSb.sub.yTe.sub.z, In.sub.xSb.sub.yGe.sub.z, Ge.sub.wSn.sub.xSb.sub.yTe.sub.z, Ge.sub.wSb.sub.xSe.sub.yTe.sub.z, and Te.sub.wGe.sub.xSb.sub.yS.sub.z, where w, x, y and z are numbers consistent with oxidization states (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) of the corresponding elements. The melt temperatures for some of the resulting compounds are in a range 330-420.degree. C., or even lower with some compounds.

Structural and optical studies of nitrogen incorporation into GaSb-based GaInSb quantum wells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nair, Hari P.; Crook, Adam M.; Yu, Kin M.; Bank, Seth R.

2012-01-01

We investigate the incorporation of nitrogen into (Ga,In)Sb grown on GaSb and report room temperature photoluminescence from GaInSb(N) quantum wells. X-ray diffraction and channeling nuclear reaction analysis, together with Rutherford backscattering, were employed to identify the optimal molecular beam epitaxial growth conditions that minimized the incorporation of non-substitutional nitrogen into GaNSb. Consistent with this hypothesis, GaInSb(N) quantum wells grown under the conditions that minimized non-substitutional nitrogen exhibited room temperature photoluminescence, indicative of significantly improved radiative efficiency. Further development of this material system could enable type-I laser diodes emitting throughout the (3-5 μm) wavelength range.

Hard X-ray photoemission study of the Fabre salts (TMTTF)2X (X = SbF6 and PF6)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Medjanik, Katerina; de Souza, Mariano; Kutnyakhov, Dmytro; Gloskovskii, Andrei; Müller, Jens; Lang, Michael; Pouget, Jean-Paul; Foury-Leylekian, Pascale; Moradpour, Alec; Elmers, Hans-Joachim; Schönhense, Gerd

2014-11-01

Core-level photoemission spectra of the Fabre salts with X = SbF6 and PF6 were taken using hard X-rays from PETRA III, Hamburg. In these salts TMTTF layers show a significant stack dimerization with a charge transfer of 1 e per dimer to the anion SbF6 or PF6. At room temperature and slightly below the core-level spectra exhibit single lines, characteristic for a well-screened metallic state. At reduced temperatures progressive charge localization sets in, followed by a 2nd order phase transition into a charge-ordered ground state. In both salts groups of new core-level signals occur, shifted towards lower kinetic energies. This is indicative of a reduced transverse-conductivity across the anion layers, visible as layer-dependent charge depletion for both samples. The surface potential was traced via shifts of core-level signals of an adsorbate. A well-defined potential could be established by a conducting cap layer of 5 nm aluminum which appears "transparent" due to the large probing depth of HAXPES (8-10 nm). At the transition into the charge-ordered phase the fluorine 1 s line of (TMTTF)2SbF6 shifts by 2.8 eV to higher binding energy. This is a spectroscopic fingerprint of the loss of inversion symmetry accompanied by a cooperative shift of the SbF6 anions towards the more positively charged TMTTF donors. This shift does not occur for the X = PF6 compound, most likely due to smaller charge disproportion or due to the presence of charge disorder.

Adsorption of antimony onto iron oxyhydroxides: adsorption behavior and surface structure.

PubMed

Guo, Xuejun; Wu, Zhijun; He, Mengchang; Meng, Xiaoguang; Jin, Xin; Qiu, Nan; Zhang, Jing

2014-07-15

Antimony is detected in soil and water with elevated concentration due to a variety of industrial applications and mining activities. Though antimony is classified as a pollutant of priority interest by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and Europe Union (EU), very little is known about its environmental behavior and adsorption mechanism. In this study, the adsorption behaviors and surface structure of antimony (III/V) on iron oxides were investigated using batch adsorption techniques, surface complexation modeling (SCM), X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS). The adsorption isotherms and edges indicated that the affinity of Sb(V) and Sb(III) toward the iron oxides depended on the Sb species, solution pH, and the characteristics of iron oxides. Sb(V) adsorption was favored at acidic pH and decreased dramatically with increasing pH, while Sb(III) adsorption was constant over a broad pH range. When pH is higher than 7, Sb(III) adsorption by goethite and hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) was greater than Sb(V). EXAFS analysis indicated that the majority of Sb(III), either adsorbed onto HFO or co-precipitated by FeCl3, was oxidized into Sb(V) probably due to the involvement of O2 in the long duration of sample preservation. Only one Sb-Fe subshell was filtered in the EXAFS spectra of antimony adsorption onto HFO, with the coordination number of 1.0-1.9 attributed to bidentate mononuclear edge-sharing ((2)E) between Sb and HFO. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Radiometal-Dependent Biological Profile of the Radiolabeled Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Antagonist SB3 in Cancer Theranostics: Metabolic and Biodistribution Patterns Defined by Neprilysin.

PubMed

Lymperis, Emmanouil; Kaloudi, Aikaterini; Sallegger, Werner; Bakker, Ingrid L; Krenning, Eric P; de Jong, Marion; Maina, Theodosia; Nock, Berthold A

2018-05-16

Recent advances in oncology involve the use of diagnostic/therapeutic radionuclide-carrier pairs that target cancer cells, offering exciting opportunities for personalized patient treatment. Theranostic gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)-directed radiopeptides have been proposed for the management of GRPR-expressing prostate and breast cancers. We have recently introduced the PET tracer 68 Ga-SB3 (SB3, DOTA- p-aminomethylaniline-diglycolic acid-DPhe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-NHEt), a receptor-radioantagonist that enables the visualization of GRPR-positive lesions in humans. Aiming to fully assess the theranostic potential of SB3, we herein report on the impact of switching 68 Ga to 111 In/ 177 Lu-label on the biological properties of resulting radiopeptides. Notably, the bioavailability of 111 In/ 177 Lu-SB3 in mice drastically deteriorated compared with metabolically robust 68 Ga-SB3, and as a result led to poorer 111 In/ 177 Lu-SB3 uptake in GRPR-positive PC-3 xenografts. The peptide cleavage sites were identified by chromatographic comparison of blood samples from mice intravenously receiving 111 In/ 177 Lu-SB3 with each of newly synthesized 111 In/ 177 Lu-SB3-fragments. Coinjection of the radioconjugates with the neprilysin (NEP)-inhibitor phosphoramidon led to full stabilization of 111 In/ 177 Lu-SB3 in peripheral mouse blood and resulted in markedly enhanced radiolabel uptake in the PC-3 tumors. In conclusion, in situ NEP-inhibition led to indistinguishable 68 Ga/ 111 In/ 177 Lu-SB3 profiles in mice emphasizing the theranostic prospects of SB3 for clinical use.

Type II superlattice technology for LWIR detectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klipstein, P. C.; Avnon, E.; Azulai, D.; Benny, Y.; Fraenkel, R.; Glozman, A.; Hojman, E.; Klin, O.; Krasovitsky, L.; Langof, L.; Lukomsky, I.; Nitzani, M.; Shtrichman, I.; Rappaport, N.; Snapi, N.; Weiss, E.; Tuito, A.

2016-05-01

SCD has developed a range of advanced infrared detectors based on III-V semiconductor heterostructures grown on GaSb. The XBn/XBp family of barrier detectors enables diffusion limited dark currents, comparable with MCT Rule-07, and high quantum efficiencies. This work describes some of the technical challenges that were overcome, and the ultimate performance that was finally achieved, for SCD's new 15 μm pitch "Pelican-D LW" type II superlattice (T2SL) XBp array detector. This detector is the first of SCD's line of high performance two dimensional arrays working in the LWIR spectral range, and was designed with a ~9.3 micron cut-off wavelength and a format of 640 x 512 pixels. It contains InAs/GaSb and InAs/AlSb T2SLs, engineered using k • p modeling of the energy bands and photo-response. The wafers are grown by molecular beam epitaxy and are fabricated into Focal Plane Array (FPA) detectors using standard FPA processes, including wet and dry etching, indium bump hybridization, under-fill, and back-side polishing. The FPA has a quantum efficiency of nearly 50%, and operates at 77 K and F/2.7 with background limited performance. The pixel operability of the FPA is above 99% and it exhibits a stable residual non uniformity (RNU) of better than 0.04% of the dynamic range. The FPA uses a new digital read-out integrated circuit (ROIC), and the complete detector closely follows the interfaces of SCD's MWIR Pelican-D detector. The Pelican- D LW detector is now in the final stages of qualification and transfer to production, with first prototypes already integrated into new electro-optical systems.

Antimony isotopic composition in river waters affected by ancient mining activity.

PubMed

Resongles, Eléonore; Freydier, Rémi; Casiot, Corinne; Viers, Jérôme; Chmeleff, Jérôme; Elbaz-Poulichet, Françoise

2015-11-01

In this study, antimony (Sb) isotopic composition was determined in natural water samples collected along two hydrosystems impacted by historical mining activities: the upper Orb River and the Gardon River watershed (SE, France). Antimony isotope ratio was measured by HG-MC-ICP-MS (Hydride Generation Multi-Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer) after a preconcentration and purification step using a new thiol-cellulose powder (TCP) procedure. The external reproducibility obtained for δ(123)Sb measurements of our in-house Sb isotopic standard solution and a certified reference freshwater was 0.06‰ (2σ). Significant isotopic variations were evident in surface waters from the upper Orb River (-0.06‰≤δ(123)Sb≤+0.11‰) and from the Gardon River watershed (+0.27‰≤δ(123)Sb≤+0.83‰). In particular, streams that drained different former mining sites exploited for Sb or Pb-Zn exhibited contrasted Sb isotopic signature, that may be related to various biogeochemical processes occurring during Sb transfer from rocks, mine wastes and sediments to the water compartment. Nevertheless, Sb isotopic composition appeared to be stable along the Gardon River, which might be attributed to the conservative transport of Sb at distance from mine-impacted streams, due to the relative mobile behavior of Sb(V) in natural oxic waters. This study suggests that Sb isotopic composition could be a useful tool to track pollution sources and/or biogeochemical processes in hydrologic systems. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Enhanced Sb 2Se 3 solar cell performance through theory-guided defect control: Enhanced Sb 2Se 3 solar cell performance

DOE PAGES

Liu, Xinsheng; Xiao, Xun; Yang, Ye; ...

2017-05-30

Defects present in the absorber layer largely dictate photovoltaic device performance. Recently, a binary photovoltaic material, Sb 2Se 3, has drawn much attention due to its low-cost and nontoxic constituents and rapid performance promotion. So far, however, the intrinsic defects of Sb 2Se 3 remain elusive. Here in this work, through a combined theoretical and experimental investigation, we revealed that shallow acceptors, SeSb antisites, are the dominant defects in Sb 2Se 3 produced in an Se-rich environment, where deep donors, SbSe and VSe, dominate in Sb 2Se 3 produced in an Se-poor environment. We further constructed a superstrate CdS/Sb 2Semore » 3 thin-film solar cell achieving 5.76% efficiency through in situ Se compensation during Sb 2Se 3 evaporation and through careful optimization of absorber layer thickness. In conclusion, the understanding of intrinsic defects in Sb 2Se 3 film and the demonstrated success of in situ Se compensation strategy pave the way for further efficiency improvement of this very promising photovoltaic technology.« less

Thermoelectric properties, Shubnikov-de Haas effect and mobility of charge carriers in bismuth antimony tellurides and selenides and nanocomposite based on these materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kulbachinskii, V. A.; Kytin, V. G.; Kudryashov, A. A.; Lunin, R. A.; Banerjee, A.

2017-04-01

We describe here the study of the Shubnikov-de Haas effect and thermoelectric properties of p-(Bi0.5Sb0.5)2Te3 single crystals doped with Ga, n-Bi2-xTlxSe3 and p-Sb2-xTlxTe3. Using Fourier spectra of the oscillations we calculated the mobility of charge carriers and its variation upon doping. We found that Ga has a donor effect in p-(Bi0.5Sb0.5)2Te3, Tl is an acceptor in n-Bi2-xTlxSe3 and increases the mobility of electrons, while in p-Sb2-xTlxTe3, Tl is a donor and decreases the mobility of holes. We consider the evolution of the defectiveness of crystals that leads to the observed effects. We also synthesized and investigated nanocomposites of solid solutions Sb2Te3-xSex (0 < x < 1). When Se concentration increases in Sb2Te3-xSex, the concentration of holes decreases. At the same time the Seebeck coefficient decreases. This is not typical for semiconductors but correlates with the earlier data. A theoretical model was developed to calculate simultaneously the dependences of the Seebeck coefficient, Hall coefficient and conductivity on the selenium concentration x. Calculations showed that for a simultaneous quantitative description of the thermoelectric and galvanomagnetic data it is necessary to take into consideration both the evolution of the band structure of Sb2Te3-xSex and partial localization of holes.

Results Of Initial Analyses Of The Salt (Macro) Batch 9 Tank 21H Qualification Samples

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Peters, T.

2015-10-08

Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) analyzed samples from Tank 21H in support of qualification of Interim Salt Disposition Project (ISDP) Salt (Macro) Batch 9 for processing through the Actinide Removal Process (ARP) and the Modular Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction Unit (MCU). This document reports the initial results of the analyses of samples of Tank 21H. Analysis of the Tank 21H Salt (Macro) Batch 9 composite sample indicates that the material does not display any unusual characteristics. Further results on the chemistry and other tests will be issued in the future.