29 CFR 1915.1026 - Chromium (VI).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... a specific process, operation, or activity involving chromium cannot release dusts, fumes, or mists... 29 Labor 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Chromium (VI). 1915.1026 Section 1915.1026 Labor... § 1915.1026 Chromium (VI). (a) Scope. (1) This standard applies to occupational exposures to chromium (VI...

29 CFR 1915.1026 - Chromium (VI).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... a specific process, operation, or activity involving chromium cannot release dusts, fumes, or mists... 29 Labor 7 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Chromium (VI). 1915.1026 Section 1915.1026 Labor... § 1915.1026 Chromium (VI). (a) Scope. (1) This standard applies to occupational exposures to chromium (VI...

29 CFR 1915.1026 - Chromium (VI).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... a specific process, operation, or activity involving chromium cannot release dusts, fumes, or mists... 29 Labor 7 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Chromium (VI). 1915.1026 Section 1915.1026 Labor... § 1915.1026 Chromium (VI). (a) Scope. (1) This standard applies to occupational exposures to chromium (VI...

29 CFR 1915.1026 - Chromium (VI).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... a specific process, operation, or activity involving chromium cannot release dusts, fumes, or mists... 29 Labor 7 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Chromium (VI). 1915.1026 Section 1915.1026 Labor... § 1915.1026 Chromium (VI). (a) Scope. (1) This standard applies to occupational exposures to chromium (VI...

24 CFR 972.115 - Relationship between required conversions and HOPE VI developments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... conversions and HOPE VI developments. 972.115 Section 972.115 Housing and Urban Development Regulations... Relationship between required conversions and HOPE VI developments. HUD actions to approve or deny proposed HOPE VI revitalization plans must be consistent with the requirements of this subpart. Developments...

48 CFR 952.227-14 - Rights in data-general. (DOE coverage-alternates VI and VII)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

.... (DOE coverage-alternates VI and VII) 952.227-14 Section 952.227-14 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions and Clauses 952.227-14 Rights in data-general. (DOE coverage—alternates VI and VII) Alternate VI...

48 CFR 952.227-14 - Rights in data-general. (DOE coverage-alternates VI and VII)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

.... (DOE coverage-alternates VI and VII) 952.227-14 Section 952.227-14 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions and Clauses 952.227-14 Rights in data-general. (DOE coverage—alternates VI and VII) Alternate VI...

48 CFR 952.227-14 - Rights in data-general. (DOE coverage-alternates VI and VII)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

.... (DOE coverage-alternates VI and VII) 952.227-14 Section 952.227-14 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions and Clauses 952.227-14 Rights in data-general. (DOE coverage—alternates VI and VII) Alternate VI...

23 CFR 200.7 - FHWA Title VI policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false FHWA Title VI policy. 200.7 Section 200.7 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CIVIL RIGHTS TITLE VI PROGRAM AND RELATED STATUTES-IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW PROCEDURES § 200.7 FHWA Title VI policy. It is the policy of the FHWA to...

23 CFR 200.7 - FHWA Title VI policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false FHWA Title VI policy. 200.7 Section 200.7 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CIVIL RIGHTS TITLE VI PROGRAM AND RELATED STATUTES-IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW PROCEDURES § 200.7 FHWA Title VI policy. It is the policy of the FHWA to...

23 CFR 200.7 - FHWA Title VI policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false FHWA Title VI policy. 200.7 Section 200.7 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CIVIL RIGHTS TITLE VI PROGRAM AND RELATED STATUTES-IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW PROCEDURES § 200.7 FHWA Title VI policy. It is the policy of the FHWA to...

23 CFR 200.7 - FHWA Title VI policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false FHWA Title VI policy. 200.7 Section 200.7 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CIVIL RIGHTS TITLE VI PROGRAM AND RELATED STATUTES-IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW PROCEDURES § 200.7 FHWA Title VI policy. It is the policy of the FHWA to...

77 FR 21819 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The Options Clearing Corporation; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-11

... of Purpose of, and Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change Under Article VI, Section 11 of the... purpose. Interpretation and Policy .01 (``Interpretation'') under Article VI, Section 11A of OCC's By-Laws... under Section 3 of Article XII (applicable to security futures), under which the Committee could under...

A Comparison of Naturally-Occurring and Artificially Stimulated Uranium(VI) Bioreduction in Sediment from a Field-scale Experiment in Rifle, CO

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Campbell, K. M.; Williams, K. H.; Lesher, E.; Davis, J. A.; Long, P. E.

2007-12-01

Long-term remediation of uranium (U)-contaminated groundwater poses one of the greatest challenges in the clean-up of impacted sites. One solution is to reduce dissolved U(VI) to insoluble U(IV) precipitates by stimulating indigenous metal reducing bacterial populations in situ. Contamination from a former U mine tailings repository (Rifle, CO) provides a research site to study the efficacy of biostimulated U(VI) reduction at the field scale. Several cores were drilled in June 2007 across a region of naturally-occurring U(VI) bioreduction. The cores represent a cross section of sediment that ranges from minimally reducing to highly reducing. Anaerobic sediment samples from the cores were analyzed for labile U(VI) content by carbonate extraction in anoxic conditions (pH 9.4, 14 mM NaHCO3, 2.8 mM Na2CO¬3). A subset of the same core sections were dried and oxidized by exposure to air for 2 weeks. The carbonate extraction was repeated, and the amount of U(IV) present in the anaerobic sample was calculated by difference between the anoxic and oxidized extractions. An acid extraction was also performed on the oxidized sediments to compare the carbonate extractable and the acid extractable U fractions. The highest U concentrations were found in the highly bioreduced sediment, with the majority of U present as U(IV) (66-92%). The regions of highest bioreduction also correspond to elevated concentrations of solid phase organic carbon, suggesting that natural bioreduction is stimulated by zones of increased organic carbon content. The same field site was then used for an artificially stimulated bioreduction experiment, where the indigenous bacterial community was stimulated by injecting acetate upgradient of the core collection location. Carbonate and acid extractions were performed on core samples taken after the completion of the acetate injection. This work evaluates the composition of the sediment before and after biostimulation as a way of directly comparing the extent of natural U(VI) bioreduction to acetate-stimulated bioreduction in order to facilitate the design of a more effective bioremediation strategy for this site.

42 CFR 124.517 - Unrestricted availability compliance alternative for Title VI-assisted facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... for Title VI-assisted facilities. 124.517 Section 124.517 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES HEALTH RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT MEDICAL FACILITY CONSTRUCTION AND... availability compliance alternative for Title VI-assisted facilities. (a) Effect of certification. The...

32 CFR 2003.6 - Voting (Article VI).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Voting (Article VI). 2003.6 Section 2003.6 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense INFORMATION SECURITY OVERSIGHT OFFICE...) BYLAWS, RULES, AND APPEAL PROCEDURES Bylaws § 2003.6 Voting (Article VI). (a) Motions. When the Panel is...

32 CFR 2003.6 - Voting (Article VI).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Voting (Article VI). 2003.6 Section 2003.6 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense INFORMATION SECURITY OVERSIGHT OFFICE...) BYLAWS, RULES, AND APPEAL PROCEDURES Bylaws § 2003.6 Voting (Article VI). (a) Motions. When the Panel is...

23 CFR 200.11 - Procedures for processing Title VI reviews.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Procedures for processing Title VI reviews. 200.11 Section 200.11 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CIVIL RIGHTS TITLE VI PROGRAM AND RELATED STATUTES-IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW PROCEDURES § 200.11 Procedures for processing Title...

23 CFR 200.11 - Procedures for processing Title VI reviews.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Procedures for processing Title VI reviews. 200.11 Section 200.11 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CIVIL RIGHTS TITLE VI PROGRAM AND RELATED STATUTES-IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW PROCEDURES § 200.11 Procedures for processing Title...

23 CFR 200.11 - Procedures for processing Title VI reviews.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Procedures for processing Title VI reviews. 200.11 Section 200.11 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CIVIL RIGHTS TITLE VI PROGRAM AND RELATED STATUTES-IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW PROCEDURES § 200.11 Procedures for processing Title...

23 CFR 200.11 - Procedures for processing Title VI reviews.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Procedures for processing Title VI reviews. 200.11 Section 200.11 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CIVIL RIGHTS TITLE VI PROGRAM AND RELATED STATUTES-IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW PROCEDURES § 200.11 Procedures for processing Title...

26 CFR 20.2055-2T - Transfers not exclusively for charitable purposes (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...)(iii) The rule in paragraphs (e)(2)(vi)(a) and (e)(2)(vii)(a) of this section that guaranteed annuity... application of this rule in paragraphs (e)(2)(vi)(a) and (e)(2)(vii)(a) of this section are provided in the...) and (vii)(a) of this section, and the interest does not qualify for this transitional relief, the...

Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment and Blindness in Chinese American Adults: The Chinese American Eye Study.

PubMed

Varma, Rohit; Kim, Jeniffer S; Burkemper, Bruce S; Wen, Ge; Torres, Mina; Hsu, Chunyi; Choudhury, Farzana; Azen, Stanley P; McKean-Cowdin, Roberta

2016-07-01

Visual impairment (VI) and blindness continue to be major public health problems worldwide. Despite previously published studies on VI in Chinese and other racial/ethnic populations, there are no data specific to Chinese American adults. To determine the age- and sex-specific prevalence and causes of VI and blindness in adult Chinese Americans and to compare the prevalence to other racial/ethnic groups. In this population-based, cross-sectional study of 10 US Census tracts in the city of Monterey Park, California, 4582 Chinese American adults 50 years and older underwent complete ophthalmologic examinations, including measurement of presenting and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) for distance using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study protocol from February 1, 2010, through October 31, 2013. Age-specific prevalence and causes of VI and blindness for presenting and BCVA. Of the 5782 eligible adults, 4582 (79.2%) completed an in-clinic eye examination. Of the 4582 participants, most were born in China (3149 [68.7%]), female (2901 [63.3%]), and married (3458 [75.5%]). The mean (SD) age was 61 (9) years. The prevalence of presenting VI was 3.0% (95% CI, 2.5%-3.5%), with 60.0% of this prevalence being attributed to uncorrected refractive error. The overall age-adjusted prevalence for VI (BCVA of ≤20/40 in the better eye) was 1.2% (95% CI, 0.9%-1.5%). The overall age-adjusted prevalence of blindness (BCVA of ≤20/200 in the better-seeing eye) was 0.07% (95% CI, 0%-0.2%). The prevalence of VI and blindness was higher in older Chinese Americans compared with younger. The primary causes of VI were cataracts and myopic retinopathy; the primary cause of blindness was myopic retinopathy. The prevalence of VI in Chinese Americans is similar to that of non-Hispanic white and Latino individuals in the United States and similar to or lower than the prevalence previously reported for Chinese adults from non-US studies. The prevalence of blindness is lower than that noted in other US or non-US studies. Myopic retinopathy is a frequent cause of VI and blindness in Chinese Americans that has not been commonly observed in other racial/ethnic groups. Because myopia frequently develops at a young age, Chinese Americans should be educated regarding the importance of regular screening of preschool and school-aged children to reduce the development and progression of myopia.

7 CFR 15b.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

.... (b) Section 504 means section 504 of the Act, 29 U.S.C. 794. (c) Education of the Handicapped Act means the Education of the Handicapped Act, Public Law 92-230, Title VI, 84 Stat. 175 (1970), as amended by the Education of the Handicapped Amendments of 1974, Public Law 93-380, Title VI, 88 Stat. 576...

47 CFR 76.1510 - Application of certain Title VI provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Open Video Systems § 76.1510 Application of certain Title VI provisions. The following sections within part 76 shall also apply to open video systems..., that these sections shall apply to open video systems only to the extent that they do not conflict with...

47 CFR 76.1510 - Application of certain Title VI provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Open Video Systems § 76.1510 Application of certain Title VI provisions. The following sections within part 76 shall also apply to open video systems..., that these sections shall apply to open video systems only to the extent that they do not conflict with...

47 CFR 76.1510 - Application of certain Title VI provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Open Video Systems § 76.1510 Application of certain Title VI provisions. The following sections within part 76 shall also apply to open video systems..., that these sections shall apply to open video systems only to the extent that they do not conflict with...

47 CFR 76.1510 - Application of certain Title VI provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Open Video Systems § 76.1510 Application of certain Title VI provisions. The following sections within part 76 shall also apply to open video systems..., that these sections shall apply to open video systems only to the extent that they do not conflict with...

47 CFR 76.1510 - Application of certain Title VI provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Open Video Systems § 76.1510 Application of certain Title VI provisions. The following sections within part 76 shall also apply to open video systems..., that these sections shall apply to open video systems only to the extent that they do not conflict with...

[V.I. Smidovich: a Whole Life to Local Community Good].

PubMed

Tereshkina, O V; Bobkova, V N

2017-11-01

The article considers public and medical activities of Vikentii Ignatievich Smidovich, one of the most prominent physicians of Tula of the end of XIX century. His role in the organization and activities of the Tula society of physicians is analyzed. The particular attention is paid to activities of V.I. Smidovich related to amelioration of sanitary conditions of Tula, amelioration of conditions and increasing of longevity of life of residents, support of population with free medical care. The attempt is made to trace the role of a single personality in the process of historical, cultural, social development of a particular region. The article presents a short description of industrial Tula at the end of XIX century as a prerequisite to socially directed activity of educated sections of population, including physicians-humanists. The personal characteristics of V.I. Smidovich are emphasized that permitted him to gain a higher authority among patients and colleagues and to achieve established tasks. The article deals with the theme of life and death as an ethical argument, "natural heroism" of medical profession. The fragment of case history composed by V.I. Smidovich himself is presented. The emphasis is also made on the role of Smidovich-father in the formation of creed and creative direction of V.V. Veresaiev, his son.

Open Systems Architecture for Command, Control and Communications

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-07-01

CONTENTS SECTION TITLE PAGE I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 II. TERMS OF REFERENCE 7 III. PANEL MEMBERSHIP 9 IV. INTRODUCTION 11 V. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 19 VI...INTRODUCTION 18 19 V. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 20 21 Initial manifestations of computer and communications standards emerged in the early seventies, largely...SYSTEMS INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Application Presentation Session Transport Internet Data Link Physical Application Presentation Session Transport

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Favorite, Jeffrey A.

SENSMG is a tool for computing first-order sensitivities of neutron reaction rates, reaction-rate ratios, leakage, k eff, and α using the PARTISN multigroup discrete-ordinates code. SENSMG computes sensitivities to all of the transport cross sections and data (total, fission, nu, chi, and all scattering moments), two edit cross sections (absorption and capture), and the density for every isotope and energy group. It also computes sensitivities to the mass density for every material and derivatives with respect to all interface locations. The tool can be used for one-dimensional spherical (r) and two-dimensional cylindrical (r-z) geometries. The tool can be used formore » fixed-source and eigenvalue problems. The tool implements Generalized Perturbation Theory (GPT) as discussed by Williams and Stacey. Section II of this report describes the theory behind adjoint-based sensitivities, gives the equations that SENSMG solves, and defines the sensitivities that are output. Section III describes the user interface, including the input file and command line options. Section IV describes the output. Section V gives some notes about the coding that may be of interest. Section VI discusses verification, which is ongoing. Section VII lists needs and ideas for future work. Appendix A lists all of the input files whose results are presented in Sec. VI.« less

College and Adult Reading, VI; Sixth Yearbook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wark, David L., Ed.

This volume contains the sixteen papers presented to the 1968, 1969, and 1970 annual meetings of the North Central Reading Association. The papers are grouped into four sections: Programs and Centers, Materials and Techniques, Evaluation, and Professional Problems. Some of the topics concern tests and test-taking, attitudinal factors, descriptions…

VI-G, Sec. 661, P.L. 91-230. Final Performance Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

1976

Presented is the final performance report of the CSDC model which is designed to provide services for learning disabled high school students. Sections cover the following program aspects: organizational structure, inservice sessions, identification of students, materials and equipment, evaluation of student performance, evaluation of the model,…

Imaging of Cranial Nerves III, IV, VI in Congenital Cranial Dysinnervation Disorders

PubMed Central

Kim, Jae Hyoung

2017-01-01

Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders are a group of diseases caused by abnormal development of cranial nerve nuclei or their axonal connections, resulting in aberrant innervation of the ocular and facial musculature. Its diagnosis could be facilitated by the development of high resolution thin-section magnetic resonance imaging. The purpose of this review is to describe the method to visualize cranial nerves III, IV, and VI and to present the imaging findings of congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders including congenital oculomotor nerve palsy, congenital trochlear nerve palsy, Duane retraction syndrome, Möbius syndrome, congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles, synergistic divergence, and synergistic convergence. PMID:28534340

Dermoscopic nevus patterns in skin of colour: a prospective, cross-sectional, morphological study in individuals with skin type V and VI.

PubMed

Lallas, A; Reggiani, C; Argenziano, G; Kyrgidis, A; Bakos, R; Masiero, N C M S; Scheibe, A B; Cabo, H; Ozdemir, F; Sortino-Rachou, A M; Turk, B Gerceker; Moscarella, E; Longo, C; Zalaudek, I

2014-11-01

Most of the knowledge on the prevailing dermoscopic patterns of acquired melanocytic nevi (AMV) is based on studies in Caucasians, while little research focuses on the dermoscopic variability in nevi in skin of colour. To analyse the prevalent dermoscopic nevus patterns in subjects with a skin type (ST) V and VI. Prospective, cross-sectional, morphological study was conducted in six clinics with enrolment of consecutive individuals with a ST V or VI. Digital dermoscopic images of selected representative AMN were assessed for dermoscopic colours, morphological patterns and pigment distribution. Analysis of 300 nevi from subjects with ST V and VI revealed significant differences in the nevus pattern between these two groups. The majority of nevi in ST V revealed a reticular pattern, whereas persons with ST VI more frequently exhibited a structureless pattern. Black, blue and grey were more frequent in ST VI, whereas the vast majority of nevi in ST V individuals showed dark brown colour. Our study provides new insights into the nevus pattern in individuals with a dark pigmentary trait, which may aid the diagnosis and management of nevi in this patients group. © 2013 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.

29 CFR 1926.1126 - Chromium (VI).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... is present or is likely to be present from skin or eye contact with chromium (VI), the employer shall... cleaned in a manner that minimizes skin or eye contact with chromium (VI) and effectively prevents the... CFR 1926.51 Where skin contact with chromium (VI) occurs, the employer shall provide washing...

Imaging of Cranial Nerves III, IV, VI in Congenital Cranial Dysinnervation Disorders.

PubMed

Kim, Jae Hyoung; Hwang, Jeong Min

2017-06-01

Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders are a group of diseases caused by abnormal development of cranial nerve nuclei or their axonal connections, resulting in aberrant innervation of the ocular and facial musculature. Its diagnosis could be facilitated by the development of high resolution thin-section magnetic resonance imaging. The purpose of this review is to describe the method to visualize cranial nerves III, IV, and VI and to present the imaging findings of congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders including congenital oculomotor nerve palsy, congenital trochlear nerve palsy, Duane retraction syndrome, Möbius syndrome, congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles, synergistic divergence, and synergistic convergence. © 2017 The Korean Ophthalmological Society.

Distribution of collagens type V and VI in the normal human alveolar mucosa: an immunoelectronmicroscopic study using ultrathin frozen sections.

PubMed

Rabanus, J P; Gelderblom, H R; Schuppan, D; Becker, J

1991-05-01

The ultrastructural localization of collagens type V and VI in normal human gingival mucosa was investigated by immunoelectron microscopy. Twenty biopsies were fixed in dimethylsuberimidate and shock-frozen in slush nitrogen. Collagen type V was mainly located to meshworks of uniform nonstriated microfibrils of 12 to 20 nm width, which preferentially appeared in larger spaces between cross-striated major collagen fibrils. Occasionally single microfibrils of collagen type V fanned out from the ends of major collagen fibrils, which may indicate a role as a core fibril. Collagen type V was not found in the subepithelial basement membrane and the immediately adjacent stroma. Collagen type VI was detected in a loose reticular network of unbanded microfilaments that were morphologically distinguishable by knoblike protrusions every 100-110 nm. These microfilaments were found in the vicinity, but not as an intrinsic component, of the subepithelial basement membrane. Single filaments of collagen type VI filaments appeared to form bridges between neighboring cross-striated major collagen fibrils, suggesting an interconnecting role for this collagen type. The method presented appears to be excellently suited to study the normal and pathological supramolecular organization of the oral extracellular matrix.

Composite Measures of Individual and Area-Level Socio-Economic Status Are Associated with Visual Impairment in Singapore

PubMed Central

Wah, Win; Earnest, Arul; Sabanayagam, Charumathi; Cheng, Ching-Yu; Ong, Marcus Eng Hock; Wong, Tien Y.; Lamoureux, Ecosse L.

2015-01-01

Purpose To investigate the independent relationship of individual- and area-level socio-economic status (SES) with the presence and severity of visual impairment (VI) in an Asian population. Methods Cross-sectional data from 9993 Chinese, Malay and Indian adults aged 40–80 years who participated in the Singapore Epidemiology of eye Diseases (2004–2011) in Singapore. Based on the presenting visual acuity (PVA) in the better-seeing eye, VI was categorized into normal vision (logMAR≤0.30), low vision (logMAR>0.30<1.00), and blindness (logMAR≥1.00). Any VI was defined as low vision/blindness in the PVA of better-seeing eye. Individual-level low-SES was defined as a composite of primary-level education, monthly income<2000 SGD and residing in 1 or 2-room public apartment. An area-level SES was assessed using a socio-economic disadvantage index (SEDI), created using 12 variables from the 2010 Singapore census. A high SEDI score indicates a relatively poor SES. Associations between SES measures and presence and severity of VI were examined using multi-level, mixed-effects logistic and multinomial regression models. Results The age-adjusted prevalence of any VI was 19.62% (low vision = 19%, blindness = 0.62%). Both individual- and area-level SES were positively associated with any VI and low vision after adjusting for confounders. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of any VI was 2.11(1.88–2.37) for low-SES and 1.07(1.02–1.13) per 1 standard deviation increase in SEDI. When stratified by unilateral/bilateral categories, while low SES showed significant associations with all categories, SEDI showed a significant association with bilateral low vision only. The association between low SES and any VI remained significant among all age, gender and ethnic sub-groups. Although a consistent positive association was observed between area-level SEDI and any VI, the associations were significant among participants aged 40–65 years and male. Conclusion In this community-based sample of Asian adults, both individual- and area-level SES were independently associated with the presence and severity of VI. PMID:26555141

78 FR 38757 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX BX, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-27

... described in the Exchange's option rules at subsection (a)(3)(A) of Chapter VI, Section 1 as a data package... (a)(3)(B) of Chapter VI, Section 1 as a data package that includes the BX Best Bid and Offer (``BX... for options market data known as BX Top of Market Options (``BX Top'') and BX Depth of Market Options...

7 CFR 1786.35 - Loss, theft, destruction, mutilation, or defacement of RUS guarantee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loss, theft, destruction, mutilation, or defacement... Loans Pursuant to Section 306(A) of the RE Act § 1786.35 Loss, theft, destruction, mutilation, or... circumstances of the loss, theft, or destruction of the guarantee; and (vi) The lender or holder, shall present...

32 CFR 536.77 - Applicable law for claims under the Military Claims Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) The United States will only be liable for the portion of loss or damage attributable to the fault of... preparation and presentation of the claim. (vi) Punitive or exemplary damages are not payable. (vii) Claims... will be considered as an element of damages under paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this section. Claims for...

32 CFR 536.77 - Applicable law for claims under the Military Claims Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) The United States will only be liable for the portion of loss or damage attributable to the fault of... preparation and presentation of the claim. (vi) Punitive or exemplary damages are not payable. (vii) Claims... will be considered as an element of damages under paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this section. Claims for...

32 CFR 536.77 - Applicable law for claims under the Military Claims Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) The United States will only be liable for the portion of loss or damage attributable to the fault of... preparation and presentation of the claim. (vi) Punitive or exemplary damages are not payable. (vii) Claims... will be considered as an element of damages under paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this section. Claims for...

A Temperature-Dependent, Linearly Interpolable, Tabulated Cross Section Library Based on ENDF/B-VI, Release 7.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

CULLEN, D. E.

2001-06-13

Version 00 As distributed, the original evaluated data include cross sections represented in the form of a combination of resonance parameters and/or tabulated energy dependent cross sections, nominally at 0 Kelvin temperature. For use in applications, these ENDF/B-VI, Release 7 data were processed into the form of temperature dependent cross sections at eight temperatures between 0 and 2100 Kelvin, in steps of 300 Kelvin. At each temperature the cross sections are tabulated and linearly interpolable in energy. POINT2000 contains all of the evaluations in the ENDF/B-VI general purpose library, which contains evaluations for 324 materials (isotopes or naturally occurring elementalmore » mixtures of isotopes). No special purpose ENDF/B-VI libraries, such as fission products, thermal scattering, photon interaction data are included. The majority of these evaluations are complete, in the sense that they include all cross sections over the energy range 10-5 eV to at least 20 MeV. However, the following are only partial evaluations that either only contain single reactions and no total cross section (Mg24, K41, Ti46, Ti47, Ti48, Ti50 and Ni59), or do not include energy dependent cross sections above the resonance region (Ar40, Mo92, Mo98, Mo100, In115, Sn120, Sn122 and Sn124). The CCC-638/TART96 code package will soon be updated to TART2000, which is recommended for use with these data. Codes within TART2000 can be used to display these data or to run calculations using these data.« less

Public-Private Ventures for Morale, Welfare, and Recreation Activities. A Solution to the Loss of Appropriated Funds. Volume 5. Appendices J, K, and L

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-07-01

5 H. Instructions to Offerors ..................................... V-5 VI. Evaluation Factors for Award .................................. VI- 1 A...providing capital improvements, and providing payments to the NAFI (Section VI). These factors will be weighted in the evaluation. The Contracting...maintenance of good order and discipline, security checks, control of drugs and alcohol, and building signage. g. Products and Services. All supplies

30 CFR 57.22238 - Actions at 2.0 percent methane (I-B, II-B, V-B, and VI mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Actions at 2.0 percent methane (I-B, II-B, V-B, and VI mines). 57.22238 Section 57.22238 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... Actions at 2.0 percent methane (I-B, II-B, V-B, and VI mines). If methane reaches 2.0 percent in the mine...

30 CFR 57.22231 - Actions at 0.25 percent methane (I-B, II-B, V-B, and VI mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Actions at 0.25 percent methane (I-B, II-B, V-B, and VI mines). 57.22231 Section 57.22231 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... Actions at 0.25 percent methane (I-B, II-B, V-B, and VI mines). If methane reaches 0.25 percent in the...

28 CFR 42.415 - Federal agency title VI enforcement plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Federal agency title VI enforcement plan. 42.415 Section 42.415 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE NONDISCRIMINATION; EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY; POLICIES AND PROCEDURES Coordination of Enforcement of Non-discrimination in...

24 CFR 971.11 - HOPE VI developments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false HOPE VI developments. 971.11 Section 971.11 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development... DEVELOPMENT ASSESSMENT OF THE REASONABLE REVITALIZATION POTENTIAL OF CERTAIN PUBLIC HOUSING REQUIRED BY LAW...

An Analysis of the Evolution of Government Patent Policy in Research and Development Contracts.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-03-01

LAW AMENDMENTS OF 1980 ------- 94 G. SUMMARY 98 VI . CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 100 A. GENERAL --- 100 B. SUMMARY ----- 100 C. CONCLUSIONS 103 D...Note: Appendix D contains a complete text of the 1980 amendments, Public Law 96-517. Chapter VI provides a summary to the evolution of Government...to but a small percentage of Federal R & D contracts. 99 VI . CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS A. GENERAL This chapter is divided into three sections

30 CFR 57.22232 - Actions at 0.5 percent methane (I-B, II-A, II-B, IV, V-B, and VI mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Actions at 0.5 percent methane (I-B, II-A, II-B, IV, V-B, and VI mines). 57.22232 Section 57.22232 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH....22232 Actions at 0.5 percent methane (I-B, II-A, II-B, IV, V-B, and VI mines). If methane reaches 0.5...

Immunization with the conjugate vaccine Vi-CRM₁₉₇ against Salmonella typhi induces Vi-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses in mice.

PubMed

Fiorino, Fabio; Ciabattini, Annalisa; Rondini, Simona; Pozzi, Gianni; Martin, Laura B; Medaglini, Donata

2012-09-21

Typhoid fever is a public health problem, especially among young children in developing countries. To address this need, a glycoconjugate vaccine Vi-CRM₁₉₇, composed of the polysaccharide antigen Vi covalently conjugated to the non-toxic mutant of diphtheria toxin CRM₁₉₇, is under development. Here, we assessed the antibody and cellular responses, both local and systemic, following subcutaneous injection of Vi-CRM₁₉₇. The glycoconjugate elicited Vi-specific serum IgG titers significantly higher than unconjugated Vi, with prevalence of IgG1 that persisted for at least 60 days after immunization. Vi-specific IgG, but not IgA, were present in intestinal washes. Lymphocytes proliferation after restimulation with Vi-CRM₁₉₇ was observed in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. These data confirm the immunogenicity of Vi-CRM₁₉₇ and demonstrate that the vaccine-specific antibody and cellular immune responses are present also in the intestinal tract, thus strengthening the suitability of Vi-CRM₁₉₇ as a promising candidate vaccine against Salmonella Typhi. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Prevalence and risk factors of vision impairment among children of employees of Telecom, Italy.

PubMed

Nucci, Carlo; Cofini, Vincenza; Mancino, Raffaele; Ricci, Federico; Martucci, Alessio; Cecilia, Maria Rosita; Ciciarelli, Vincenzo; Zazzara, Francesca; Cedrone, Claudio; di Orio, Ferdinando

2016-06-10

To define the prevalence, causes, and risk factors of vision impairment (VI) in children. In this study, relatives of Association for Supplemental Health Insurance to the Employees of Telecom members aged 5-16 years were examined in all Italian regions. A standardized record card was used to collect data on medical history; keratometry; objective refraction; uncorrected, presenting, and best-corrected visual acuity (VA); examination of the pupils, adnexa, and anterior segment; direct ophthalmoscopy; posterior segment and fundus examination; and assessment for ocular pathology. Binocular and monocular VI were defined by a VA <5/10 (or <20/40). The campaign included 17,508 children, 12,798 of whom (73.1%) were examined (and 12,740 on whom all VA data were gathered). The prevalence of uncorrected, presenting, and best-corrected VI in the better eye was 9.0%, 2.51%, and 0.10%, respectively. The following variables were associated with presenting VI: age 10-16 years, family history of myopia, female sex, family history of keratoconus, and hypertension. Myopia is the main cause of VI (82.6%). A total of 96% of children with presenting VI had correctable VI. Correctable VI because of myopia is an important public health problem in school-age children in Italy.

48 CFR 252.223-7002 - Safety precautions for ammunition and explosives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ammunition and explosives. 252.223-7002 Section 252.223-7002 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT...) Ammunition; (iii) Rockets; (iv) Missiles; (v) Warheads; (vi) Devices; and (vii) Components of (i) through (vi...

48 CFR 252.223-7002 - Safety precautions for ammunition and explosives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ammunition and explosives. 252.223-7002 Section 252.223-7002 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT...) Ammunition; (iii) Rockets; (iv) Missiles; (v) Warheads; (vi) Devices; and (vii) Components of (i) through (vi...

48 CFR 252.223-7002 - Safety precautions for ammunition and explosives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ammunition and explosives. 252.223-7002 Section 252.223-7002 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT...) Ammunition; (iii) Rockets; (iv) Missiles; (v) Warheads; (vi) Devices; and (vii) Components of (i) through (vi...

25 CFR 36.21 - Standard VI-Kindergarten instructional program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Standard VI-Kindergarten instructional program. 36.21 Section 36.21 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR EDUCATION MINIMUM ACADEMIC STANDARDS FOR THE BASIC EDUCATION OF INDIAN CHILDREN AND NATIONAL CRITERIA FOR DORMITORY SITUATIONS Minimum...

25 CFR 36.21 - Standard VI-Kindergarten instructional program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Standard VI-Kindergarten instructional program. 36.21 Section 36.21 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR EDUCATION MINIMUM ACADEMIC STANDARDS FOR THE BASIC EDUCATION OF INDIAN CHILDREN AND NATIONAL CRITERIA FOR DORMITORY SITUATIONS Minimum...

25 CFR 36.21 - Standard VI-Kindergarten instructional program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Standard VI-Kindergarten instructional program. 36.21 Section 36.21 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR EDUCATION MINIMUM ACADEMIC STANDARDS FOR THE BASIC EDUCATION OF INDIAN CHILDREN AND NATIONAL CRITERIA FOR DORMITORY SITUATIONS Minimum...

Prevalence of visual impairment and outcomes of cataract surgery in Chaonan, South China

PubMed Central

Zhang, Xiujuan; Li, Emmy Y.; Leung, Christopher Kai-Shun; Musch, David C.; Tang, Xin; Zheng, Chongren; He, Mingguang; Chang, David F.

2017-01-01

Purpose To estimate the prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment (VI), and report the outcomes of cataract surgery in Chaonan Region, Guangdong Province, southern China Design Cross-sectional population-based survey Participants A total of 3484 participants including 1397 men (40.1%) and 2087 women (59.9%) aged ≥50 years were examined (94.2% response rate). Method A two-stage cluster sampling procedure was used to select 3700 participants aged ≥50 years from 74 clusters of Chaonan Region. Participants were examined according to the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) method. Blindness and visual impairment (VI) were defined by the World Health Organization criteria. Participants with visual acuity (VA) < 6/18 in either eye were examined by ophthalmologists. The primary causes of blindness and VI were reported with reference to the participant’s better eye. Main outcome measures Prevalence and main causes of blindness, severe visual impairment (SVI), VI and the outcomes of cataract surgery Results The standardized prevalence rates of blindness, SVI, and VI were 2.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9–2.9%), 1.0% (95% CI, 0.7–1.4%), and 6.4% (95% CI, 5.6%– 7.1%), respectively. The principal cause of blindness and SVI was cataract, accounting for 67.1% and 67.6% respectively, and the principal cause of VI was refractive error (46.9%). One hundred and fifty five out of 3484 (4.4%) people (211 eyes) had cataract surgery. Of the 211 eyes that had cataract surgery, 96.7% were pseudophakic. 67.2% of the 211 operated eyes had a presenting visual acuity (PVA) of 6/18 or better. Conclusions The prevalence of blindness, SVI, and VI was high among rural residents in Chaonan. Cataract remained the leading cause of avoidable blindness. Outcomes of cataract surgery performed in rural private clinics were suboptimal. Quality-control initiatives such as hands-on training program should be introduced to improve cataract surgery outcomes. PMID:28797099

Tables of Significance Points for the Variance-Weighted Kolmogorov-Smirnov Statistics.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-02-19

neN x; 1; ( := 0 for all z Vo0 For the values of a function V: N0 IR we use both notations V(i) and vi " ii Tables of Significance Points for the...satisfying 0 < V0 < 10 and v, < Vi -i ¥i IN,* The following functions define a 4-Sheffer sequence (see (A.12)) for the derivative operator D: d i if x ɘ f(,c...S U(i ) < Ii ¥ Vi l,...,M)IMl 7 i7- 1.2. Recursions. For this section we assume p’ 1 without loss of generality.M With qn-k(x)- x n-k/(n-k)! in (A.13

Reduction of hexavalent chromium in water samples acidified for preservation

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stollenwerk, K.G.; Grove, D.B.

1985-01-01

Reduction of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in water samples, preserved by standard techniques, was investigated. The standard preservation technique for water samples that are to be analyzed for Cr(VI) consists of filtration through a 0.45-??m membrane, acidification to a pH < 2, and storage in plastic bottles. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of H+ concentration, NO2, temperature, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). The rate of reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) increased with increasing NO2, DOC, H+, and temperature. Reduction of Cr(VI) by organic matter occurred in some samples even though the samples were unacidified. Reduction of Cr(VI) is inhibited to an extent by storing the sample at 4??C. Stability of Cr(VI) in water is variable and depends on the other constituents present in the sample. Water samples collected for the determination of Cr(VI) should be filtered (0.45-??m membrane), refrigerated, and analyzed as quickly as possible. Water samples should not be acidified. Measurement of total Cr in addition to Cr(VI) can serve as a check for Cr(VI) reduction. If total Cr is greater than Cr(VI), the possibility that Cr(VI) reduction has occurred needs to be considered.The rate of reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) increased with increasing NO//2, DOC, H** plus , and temperature. Reduction of Cr(VI) by organic matter occurred in some samples even though the samples were unacidified. Reduction of Cr(VI) is inhibited to an extent by storing the sample at 4 degree C. Stability of Cr(VI) in water is variable and depends on the other constituents present in the sample. Water samples collected for the determination of Cr(VI) should be filtered (0. 45- mu m membrane), refrigerated, and analyzed as quickly as possible. Water samples should not be acidified. Measurement of total Cr in addition to Cr(VI) can serve as a check for Cr(VI) reduction. If total Cr is greater than Cr(VI), the possibility that Cr(VI) reduction has occurred needs to be considered.

Vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury in elderly Chinese patients: a single-centre cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Pan, Kun-Ming; Wu, Yi; Chen, Can; Chen, Zhang-Zhang; Xu, Jian-An; Cao, Lei; Xu, Qing; Wu, Wei; Dai, Pei-Fang; Li, Xiao-Yu; Lv, Qian-Zhou

2018-04-01

The objective of the present study was to investigate the current situation concerning, and risk factors for, vancomycin (VAN)-induced acute kidney injury (VI-AKI) in elderly Chinese patients, to assess outcomes and risk factors in patients who have developed VI-AKI, in order to provide suggestions for improving the prevention and treatment of this condition in these patients. We retrospectively identified elderly older inpatients who had received four or more doses of VAN treatment. We compared patients with VI-AKI with those who received VAN treatment and had not developed AKI (NO-AKI). We defined VI-AKI as developing AKI during VAN therapy or within 3 days after withdrawal of VAN. A total of 647 out of 862 elderly inpatients were included in the study. Among those excluded, in 89.3% of cases (192/215) this was because of lack of data on serum creatinine (SCr). Among included patients, 32.5% (210/647) of patients received therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) during VAN therapy. In 66.9% of cases (424/634), there was insufficient TDM, and in 3.9% (25/634) this was appropriate. A total of 102 patients had confirmed VI-AKI, with an incidence of 15.8% (102/647). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that hyperuricaemia [odds ratio (OR) = 3.045; P = 0.000)], mechanical ventilation (OR = 1.906; P = 0.022) and concomitant vasopressor therapy (OR = 1.919; P = 0.027) were independent risk factors for VI-AKI; higher serum albumin (OR = 0.885; P = 0.000) was determined to be an independent protective factor for VI-AKI. For the elderly Chinese patients treated with VAN, there was insufficient monitoring of SCr, too little use of VAN TDM, and lower rate of patients whose VAN though serum concentrations were not obtained at the correct time. We recommend that hospital managers increase investment in clinical pharmacists, to strengthen professional management. Patients with concomitant hyperuricaemia and on mechanical ventilation and vasopressor therapy should be paid more attention, and a higher serum albumin was determined to be an independent protective factor for VI-AKI. © 2018 The British Pharmacological Society.

7 CFR 3560.2 - Civil rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Civil rights. 3560.2 Section 3560.2 Agriculture... DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS General Provisions and Definitions § 3560.2 Civil rights. (a... prohibition under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. 2000d and Title VI regulations against...

7 CFR 3560.2 - Civil rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Civil rights. 3560.2 Section 3560.2 Agriculture... DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS General Provisions and Definitions § 3560.2 Civil rights. (a... prohibition under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. 2000d and Title VI regulations against...

7 CFR 3560.2 - Civil rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Civil rights. 3560.2 Section 3560.2 Agriculture... DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS General Provisions and Definitions § 3560.2 Civil rights. (a... prohibition under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. 2000d and Title VI regulations against...

7 CFR 3560.2 - Civil rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Civil rights. 3560.2 Section 3560.2 Agriculture... DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS General Provisions and Definitions § 3560.2 Civil rights. (a... prohibition under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. 2000d and Title VI regulations against...

7 CFR 3560.2 - Civil rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Civil rights. 3560.2 Section 3560.2 Agriculture... DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS General Provisions and Definitions § 3560.2 Civil rights. (a... prohibition under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. 2000d and Title VI regulations against...

Comparing the Impact of Refractive and Non-Refractive Vision Loss on Functioning and Disability: The Salisbury Eye Evaluation

PubMed Central

Zebardast, Nazlee; Swenor, Bonnielin K.; van Landingham, Suzanne W.; Massof, Robert W.; Munoz, Beatriz; West, Sheila K.; Ramulu, Pradeep Y.

2015-01-01

Purpose To compare the effects of uncorrected refractive error (URE) and non-refractive visual impairment (VI) on performance and disability measures. Design Cross-sectional population-based study. Participants 2469 individuals with binocular presenting visual acuity (PVA) of 20/80 or better who participated in the first round of the Salisbury Eye Evaluation study. Methods URE was defined as binocular PVA of 20/30 or worse, improving to better than 20/30 with subjective refraction. VI was defined as post-refraction binocular best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/30 or worse. The visual acuity decrement attributable to VI was calculated as the difference between BCVA and 20/30 while that due to URE was taken as the difference between PVA and BCVA. Multivariable regression analyses were used to assess the disability impact of 1) vision status (VI, URE, or normal vision) using the group with normal vision as reference, and 2) a one-line decrement in acuity due to VI or URE. Main Outcome Measures Objective measures of visual function were obtained from timed performance of mobility and near vision tasks, self-reported driving cessation, and self-reported visual difficulty measured by the Activities of Daily Vision (ADV) scale. ADV responses were analyzed using Rasch analysis to determine visual ability. Results Compared to individuals with normal vision, subjects with VI (n=191) had significantly poorer objective and subjective visual functioning in all metrics examined (p<0.05) while subjects with URE (n=132) demonstrated slower walking speeds, slower near task performance, more frequent driving cessation and lower ADV scores (p<0.05), but did not demonstrate slower stair climbing or descent speed. For all functional metrics evaluated, the impact of VI was greater than the impact of URE. The impact of a one-line VA decrement due to VI was associated with greater deficits in mobility measures and driving cessation when compared to a one-line VA decrement due to URE. Conclusions VI is associated with greater disability than URE across a wide variety of functional measures, even in analyses adjusting for the severity of vision loss. Refractive and non-refractive vision loss should be distinguished in studies evaluating visual disability, and should be understood to have differing consequences. PMID:25813453

AHA classification of coronary and carotid atherosclerotic plaques by grating-based phase-contrast computed tomography.

PubMed

Hetterich, Holger; Webber, Nicole; Willner, Marian; Herzen, Julia; Birnbacher, Lorenz; Hipp, Alexander; Marschner, Mathias; Auweter, Sigrid D; Habbel, Christopher; Schüller, Ulrich; Bamberg, Fabian; Ertl-Wagner, Birgit; Pfeiffer, Franz; Saam, Tobias

2016-09-01

To evaluate the potential of grating-based phase-contrast computed-tomography (gb-PCCT) to classify human carotid and coronary atherosclerotic plaques according to modified American Heart Association (AHA) criteria. Experiments were carried out at a laboratory-based set-up consisting of X-ray tube (40 kVp), grating-interferometer and detector. Eighteen human carotid and coronary artery specimens were examined. Histopathology served as the standard of reference. Vessel cross-sections were classified as AHA lesion type I/II, III, IV/V, VI, VII or VIII plaques by two independent reviewers blinded to histopathology. Conservative measurements of diagnostic accuracies for the detection and differentiation of plaque types were evaluated. A total of 127 corresponding gb-PCCT/histopathology sections were analyzed. Based on histopathology, lesion type I/II was present in 12 (9.5 %), III in 18 (14.2 %), IV/V in 38 (29.9 %), VI in 16 (12.6 %), VII in 34 (26.8 %) and VIII in 9 (7.0 %) cross-sections. Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive value were ≥0.88 for most analyzed plaque types with a good level of agreement (Cohen's kappa = 0.90). Overall, results were better in carotid (kappa = 0.97) than in coronary arteries (kappa = 0.85). Inter-observer agreement was high with kappa = 0.85, p < 0.0001. These results indicate that gb-PCCT can reliably classify atherosclerotic plaques according to modified AHA criteria with excellent agreement to histopathology. • Different atherosclerotic plaque types display distinct morphological features in phase-contrast CT. • Phase-contrast CT can detect and differentiate AHA plaque types. • Calcifications caused streak artefacts and reduced sensitivity in type VI lesions. • Overall agreement was higher in carotid than in coronary arteries.

16 CFR 602.1 - Effective dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... identification of possible instances of identity theft; (iii) Section 115, concerning truncation of the social... theft victims; (v) Section 152, concerning blocking of information resulting from identity theft; (vi) Section 153, concerning the coordination of identity theft complaint investigations; (vii) Section 154...

Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (76th, Kansas City, Missouri, August 11-14, 1993). Part VI: Media and Law.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.

The Media and Law section of this collection of conference presentations contains the following 12 papers: "An Analysis of the Role of Insurance, Prepublication Review and Correction Policies in Threatened and Actual Libel Suits" (Elizabeth K. Hansen and Roy L. Moore); "Private Defamation Plaintiffs and Falsity since 'Philadelphia…

Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Handicap in Programs and Activities Receiving or Benefiting from Federal Financial Assistance. Federal Register. Part VI.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Federal Register, 1979

1979-01-01

The document presents the text of a proposed addition (Part 15b) to the rules and regulations of the United States Department of Agriculture, designed to eliminate discrimination on the basis of handicap in any of its programs or activities. Intended to implement Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Part 15b is subdivided into six…

RADCAT Radar Measurement Program

DTIC Science & Technology

1971-11-24

gigahertz and noncoherent at 2.4 gigahertz, were also obtained on RADCAT Vehicle 002 and are presented. Comparisons are made between the long-pulse...pulse response of Vehicles 001, 002, and the computed response based on a physical optics formulation. iv q T TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Title Page... OPTICS FORMULATION OF RAOCAT VEHICLE RESPONSE E- F HALF-SCALE MODEL MEASUREMENTS F-i REFERENCES vi LIST OF FIGURES Number Title Page 2-1 TARGET

23 CFR 200.3 - Application of this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Application of this part. 200.3 Section 200.3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CIVIL RIGHTS TITLE VI PROGRAM AND RELATED... listed under § 200.5(p) of this part. Title VI requirements for 23 U.S.C. 402 will be covered under a...

23 CFR 200.3 - Application of this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Application of this part. 200.3 Section 200.3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CIVIL RIGHTS TITLE VI PROGRAM AND RELATED... listed under § 200.5(p) of this part. Title VI requirements for 23 U.S.C. 402 will be covered under a...

23 CFR 200.3 - Application of this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Application of this part. 200.3 Section 200.3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CIVIL RIGHTS TITLE VI PROGRAM AND RELATED... listed under § 200.5(p) of this part. Title VI requirements for 23 U.S.C. 402 will be covered under a...

23 CFR 200.3 - Application of this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Application of this part. 200.3 Section 200.3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CIVIL RIGHTS TITLE VI PROGRAM AND RELATED... listed under § 200.5(p) of this part. Title VI requirements for 23 U.S.C. 402 will be covered under a...

33 CFR 334.1490 - Caribbean Sea, at St. Croix, V.I.; restricted areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Caribbean Sea, at St. Croix, V.I.; restricted areas. 334.1490 Section 334.1490 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DANGER ZONE AND RESTRICTED AREA REGULATIONS § 334.1490 Caribbean Sea...

33 CFR 334.1490 - Caribbean Sea, at St. Croix, V.I.; restricted areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Caribbean Sea, at St. Croix, V.I.; restricted areas. 334.1490 Section 334.1490 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DANGER ZONE AND RESTRICTED AREA REGULATIONS § 334.1490 Caribbean Sea...

7 CFR 42.112 - Defects of containers: Tables IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, and X.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., and X. 42.112 Section 42.112 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL... Stationary Lot Sampling and Inspection § 42.112 Defects of containers: Tables IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, and X... Table X—Unitizing [Plastic or other type of casing/unitizing] Defects Categories Major Minor Not...

40 CFR Appendix Vi to Part 268 - Recommended Technologies To Achieve Deactivation of Characteristics in Section 268.42

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED) LAND DISPOSAL RESTRICTIONS Pt. 268, App. VI....42 The treatment standard for many characteristic wastes is stated in the § 268.40 Table of Treatment... combination, can achieve the deactivation portion of the treatment standard. Characteristic wastes that are...

40 CFR Appendix Vi to Part 268 - Recommended Technologies To Achieve Deactivation of Characteristics in Section 268.42

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED) LAND DISPOSAL RESTRICTIONS Pt. 268, App. VI....42 The treatment standard for many characteristic wastes is stated in the § 268.40 Table of Treatment... combination, can achieve the deactivation portion of the treatment standard. Characteristic wastes that are...

40 CFR Appendix Vi to Part 268 - Recommended Technologies To Achieve Deactivation of Characteristics in Section 268.42

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED) LAND DISPOSAL RESTRICTIONS Pt. 268, App. VI....42 The treatment standard for many characteristic wastes is stated in the § 268.40 Table of Treatment... combination, can achieve the deactivation portion of the treatment standard. Characteristic wastes that are...

40 CFR Appendix Vi to Part 268 - Recommended Technologies To Achieve Deactivation of Characteristics in Section 268.42

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED) LAND DISPOSAL RESTRICTIONS Pt. 268, App. VI....42 The treatment standard for many characteristic wastes is stated in the § 268.40 Table of Treatment... combination, can achieve the deactivation portion of the treatment standard. Characteristic wastes that are...

Aqueous solubility of Cr(VI) compounds in ferrochrome bag filter dust and the implications thereof

DOE PAGES

Du Preez, S. P.; Beukes, J. P.; Van Dalen, W. P. J.; ...

2017-04-21

The production of ferrochrome (FeCr) is a reducing process. However, it is impossible to completely exclude oxygen from all of the high-temperature production process steps, which may lead to unintentional formation of small amounts of Cr(VI). The majority of Cr(VI) is associated with particles found in the off-gas of the high-temperature processes, which are cleaned by means of venturi scrubbers or bag filter dust (BFD) systems. BFD contains the highest concentration of Cr(VI) of all FeCr wastes. In this study, the solubility of Cr(VI) present in BFD was determined by evaluating four different BFD samples. The results indicate that themore » currently applied Cr(VI) treatment strategies of the FeCr producer (with process water pH ≤ 9) only effectively extract and treat the water-soluble Cr(VI) compounds, which merely represented approximately 31% of the total Cr(VI) present in the BFD samples evaluated. Extended extraction time, within the afore-mentioned pH range, proved futile in extracting sparingly-soluble and water-insoluble Cr(VI) species, which represented approximately 34% and 35% of the total Cr(VI), respectively. Due to the deficiencies of the current treatment strategies, it is highly likely that sparingly water-soluble Cr(VI) compounds will leach from waste storage facilities (e.g. slimes dams) over time. Therefore, it is critical that improved Cr(VI) treatment strategies be formulated, which should be an important future perspective for FeCr producers and researchers alike.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Du Preez, S. P.; Beukes, J. P.; Van Dalen, W. P. J.

The production of ferrochrome (FeCr) is a reducing process. However, it is impossible to completely exclude oxygen from all of the high-temperature production process steps, which may lead to unintentional formation of small amounts of Cr(VI). The majority of Cr(VI) is associated with particles found in the off-gas of the high-temperature processes, which are cleaned by means of venturi scrubbers or bag filter dust (BFD) systems. BFD contains the highest concentration of Cr(VI) of all FeCr wastes. In this study, the solubility of Cr(VI) present in BFD was determined by evaluating four different BFD samples. The results indicate that themore » currently applied Cr(VI) treatment strategies of the FeCr producer (with process water pH ≤ 9) only effectively extract and treat the water-soluble Cr(VI) compounds, which merely represented approximately 31% of the total Cr(VI) present in the BFD samples evaluated. Extended extraction time, within the afore-mentioned pH range, proved futile in extracting sparingly-soluble and water-insoluble Cr(VI) species, which represented approximately 34% and 35% of the total Cr(VI), respectively. Due to the deficiencies of the current treatment strategies, it is highly likely that sparingly water-soluble Cr(VI) compounds will leach from waste storage facilities (e.g. slimes dams) over time. Therefore, it is critical that improved Cr(VI) treatment strategies be formulated, which should be an important future perspective for FeCr producers and researchers alike.« less

New drainage tunnel of the tunnel Višňové - design and excavation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jurík, Igor; Grega, Ladislav; Valko, Jozef; Janega, Peter

2017-09-01

The actual pilot tunnel dated to the period of geological and hydrogeological survey, is designed as a part of the tunnel Višňové, which is located at the section of the D1 motorway Lietavská Lúčka - Višňové - Dubná Skala in Slovakia. Drainage tunnel will be used for the drainage of the main tunnel tubes, where the maximum inflow from the eastern portal is greater than 250 l.s-1. Overlapping of the initial pilot tunnel with the profile of the southern tunnel tube led to the demolition of the portal sections of the pilot tunnel during the excavation of main tunnel tubes. These sections were replaced by new drainage tunnels, with the lengths of 288.0 meters from west portal and 538.0 meters from eastern portal, to ensure access from both portals. The new drainage tunnel is excavated under the level of the two main tunnel tubes. Drainage pipes with a diameter of 250 mm will be installed from cleaning niches in the main tunnel tubes to the new drainage tunnel.

Influence of visual impairment and hearing impairment on functional dependence status among people in Taiwan-An evaluation using the WHODAS 2.0 score.

PubMed

Chang, Ko-Fang; Chang, Kwang-Hwa; Chi, Wen-Chou; Huang, Shih-Wei; Yen, Chia-Feng; Liao, Hua-Fang; Liou, Tsan-Hon; Chao, Pin-Zhir; Lin, I-Chan

2018-04-01

Visual impairment (VI) and hearing impairment (HI) are the two most common types of sensory disability encountered clinically. However, VI and HI result in different limitations in daily life. We assessed the level of functioning in patients with VI or HI based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. This nationwide, cross-sectional study included 312 people with VI and 540 people with HI. Each participant's degree of functioning and disability was evaluated using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0). The standardized WHODAS 2.0 scores ranged from 0 (least difficulty) to 100 (most difficulty). Patients with VI and those with HI had a mean (±standard error) 32-item WHODAS 2.0 score of 42.4 ± 2.9 and 27.1 ± 1.6, respectively. The degree of restriction was positively related to the level of VI. Specifically, the patients with VI and a WHODAS 2.0 score of 33.7-35.3 or higher were likely to experience barriers to accessing mobility products, communication products, and education products. Furthermore, patients with a score of 42.9 or higher might experience barriers to accessing ingestion products and living products. WHODAS 2.0 scores are strongly correlated with the severity of VI. Mild VI should be targeted for treatment and referral as early as possible. Compared with the patients with HI, the patients with VI more frequently experience barriers to accessing environmental factors. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC.

VizieR Online Data Catalog: OGLE II. VI photometry of Galactic Bulge (Udalski+, 2002)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Udalski, A.; Szymanski, M.; Kubiak, M.; Pietrzynski, G.; Soszynski, I.; Wozniak, P.; Zebrun, K.; Szewczyk, O.; Wyrzykowski, L.

2003-09-01

We present the VI photometric maps of the Galactic bulge. They contain VI photometry and astrometry of about 30 million stars from 49 fields of 0.225 square degree each in the Galactic center region. The data were collected during the second phase of the OGLE microlensing project. We discuss the accuracy of data and present color-magnitude diagrams of selected fields observed by OGLE in the Galactic bulge. The VI maps of the Galactic bulge are accessible electronically for the astronomical community from the OGLE Internet archive (2 data files).

Associations between Body Mass Index and Visual Impairment of School Students in Central China

PubMed Central

Yang, Fen; Yang, Chongming; Liu, Yuzhong; Peng, Shuzhen; Liu, Bei; Gao, Xudong; Tan, Xiaodong

2016-01-01

Body Mass Index (BMI) is a risk indicator for some eye diseases. However, the association between BMI and Visual Impairment (VI) was not quite certain in Chinese students. Our aim was to assess the relationship between BMI and VI with a cross-sectional study. A total of 3771 students aged 6–21 years, including 729 with VI, were sampled from 24 schools in Huangpi District of central China to participate in the study. A multistage stratified cluster random sampling was adopted. Each of the students answered a questionnaire and had physical and eye examinations. The association between BMI and VI was examined with logistic regression and threshold effect analysis. The prevalence of VI was 19.33% (729/3771). Compared to normal and underweight, overweight/obese students showed a stronger relation with VI in age- and sex-adjusted (Odds Ratio (OR) = 16.16, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 12.37–21.09, p < 0.001) and multivariable models (OR = 8.32, 95% CI: 6.13–11.30, p < 0.001). There was a nonlinear dose–response relation between levels of BMI and the prevalence of VI (p < 0.001). A high level of BMI (≥19.81 kg/m2) was associated with a higher VI prevalence (adjusted OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.15–1.25, p < 0.001). In conclusion, the study demonstrated BMI levels were significantly associated with the prevalence of VI. PMID:27763567

Development document for final best conventional technology effluent limitations guidelines for the pharmaceutical manufacturing point source category. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

O'Farrell, T.; Hund, F.

1986-12-01

The document presents the technical rationale for best conventional technology (BCI) effluent limitations guidelines for the pharmaceutical manufacturing point-source category as required by the Clean Water Act of 1977 (P.L. 95-217, the Act). The document describes the technologies considered as the bases for BCT limitations. Section II of this document summarizes the rulemaking process. Sections III through V describe the technical data and engineering analyses used to develop the regulatory technology options. The costs and removals associated with each technology option for each plant and the application of the BCT cost test methodology are presented in Section VI. BCI limitationsmore » bases on the best conventional pollutant control technology are to be achieved by existing direct-discharging facilities.« less

Survey of Land-Grant Colleges and Universities. Bulletin, 1930, No. 9. Volume II. [Part I - Part VI

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Education, United States Department of the Interior, 1930

1930-01-01

The attached document covers the initial sections of the second volume of the Survey of Land-Grant Colleges and Universities, from Part I to Part VI. Part I, Arts and sciences, contains the following chapters: (1) Introduction; (2) Arts and science organization; (3) Specialization; (4) Enrollments and salaries; (5) Articulation with secondary…

76 FR 78057 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-15

... have a time-in-force designation of Good Til Cancelled (``GTC'').\\5\\ \\3\\ See Securities Exchange Act... Orders are evaluated at the time of entry with respect to locking or crossing other orders as follows: (i..., Chapter VI, Section 1(g). At this time, the Exchange proposes to amend the definition in Chapter VI...

Prevalence and predictors of refractive error and spectacle coverage in Nakuru, Kenya: a cross-sectional, population-based study.

PubMed

Bastawrous, Andrew; Mathenge, Wanjiku; Foster, Allen; Kuper, Hannah

2013-10-01

A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Nakuru, Kenya to assess the prevalence of refractive error and the spectacle coverage in a population aged ≥50 years. Of the 5,010 subjects who were eligible, 4,414 underwent examination (response rate 88.1 %). LogMAR visual acuity was assessed in all participants and refractive error was measured in both eyes using a Topcon auto refractor RM8800. Detailed interviews were undertaken and ownership of spectacles was assessed. Refractive error was responsible for 51.7 % of overall visual impairment (VI), 85.3 % (n = 191) of subjects with mild VI, 42.7 % (n = 152) of subjects with moderate VI, 16.7 % (n = 3) of subjects with severe VI and no cases of blindness. Myopia was more common than hyperopia affecting 59.5 % of those with refractive error compared to 27.4 % for hyperopia. High myopia (<-5.0 DS) was also more common than extreme hyperopia (>+5.0 DS). Of those who needed distance spectacles (spectacle coverage), 25.5 % owned spectacles. In conclusion, the oldest, most poor and least educated are most likely to have no spectacles and they should be specifically targeted when refractive services are put in place.

Increased Difficulties in Managing Stairs in Visually Impaired Older Adults: A Community-Based Survey.

PubMed

Pan, Chen-Wei; Liu, Hu; Sun, Hong-Peng; Xu, Yong

2015-01-01

Managing stairs is a challenging aspect of daily activities of living for older people. We assessed whether older adults with visual impairment (VI) have greater difficulties of managing stairs in daily lives. The study was designed as a community-based cross-sectional study based on a Chinese cohort aged 60 years and older in rural China. Visual acuity (VA) was measured in both eyes using a retro-illuminated Snellen chart with tumbling-E optotypes. VI (including blindness) was defined as presenting VA of worse than 20/60 in either eye. Having any difficulties in managing stairs was self-reported based on a question drawn from the Barthel Index. Information on participants' socioeconomic status, lifestyle-related factors, diseases histories and medication intake was collected using a questionnaire. The Barthel Index, Activities of Daily Living questionnaire was completed by 4597 (99.7%) participants including 2218 men and 2379 women. The age of the participants ranged from 60 to 93 years with a mean of 67.6 ± 6.3 years. In age and gender adjusted models, adults with VI had a higher likelihood of having difficulties in managing stairs (odds ratio [OR] = 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0, 3.7) compared with those without. The association of VI with the likelihood of having difficulties in managing stairs was stronger in older adults who lived alone (OR = 3.2; 95%CI 1.8, 4.5) compared with those who lived with other family members (OR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.3, 4.3). Compared with hypertension, diabetes, obesity and cognitive dysfunction, VI had the greatest impact on people's abilities of managing stairs. VI was associated with an increased likelihood of having difficulties in managing stairs, especially in those who lived alone. However, whether the finding could be extrapolated to other populations warrants further studies as different environmental exposures such as illumination and types of stairs may alter the association observed in this study.

Report of material and equipment section`s activities at New York Shipbuilding Corporation during fabrication of AXC 167 1/2 starting May 18, 1951. Part 3

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stewart, J.R.

1954-05-26

This report provides Part III through VI of the Material and Equipment Section`s activities at New York Shipbuilding Corporation. Fabrication, inspection, and testing of reactor components are detailed.

Programs for Children with Specific Learning Disabilities. P.L. 91-230, Title VI-G. Final Report on Products and Results of Year's Work, July 1, 1973 to June 30, 1974. Fail Save Continuum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

1974

Presented is the final report of the Learning Disability Fail-Save Continuum Project, designed to provide identification, assessment, and placement services to 378 elementary and secondary level students. Outlined in Section I are the following project components: major revisions from the original proposal (such as implementation of the itinerant…

On the mechanism of Cr (VI)-induced carcinogenesis: dose dependence of uptake and cellular responses.

PubMed

Liu, K; Husler, J; Ye, J; Leonard, S S; Cutler, D; Chen, F; Wang, S; Zhang, Z; Ding, M; Wang, L; Shi, X

2001-06-01

Cr (VI) compounds are widely used industrial chemicals and are recognized human carcinogens. The mechanisms of carcinogenesis associated with these compounds remain to be investigated. The present study focused on dose-dependence of Cr (VI)-induced uptake and cellular responses. The results show that Cr (VI) is able to enter the cells (human lung epithelial cell line A549) at low concentration (< 10 microM) and that the Cr (VI) uptake appears to be a combination of saturable transport and passive diffusion. Electron spin resonance (ESR) trapping measurements showed that upon stimulation with Cr (VI), A549 cells were able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). The amount of ROS generated depended on the Cr (VI) concentration. ROS generation involved NADPH-dependent flavoenzymes. Cr (VI) affected the following cellular parameters in a dose-dependent manner, (a) activation of nuclear transcription factors NF-kappaB, and p53, (b) DNA damage, (c) induction of cell apoptosis, and (d) inhibition of cell proliferation. The activation of transcription factors was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and western blot analysis, DNA damage by single cell gel electrophoresis assay, cell apoptosis by DNA fragmentation assay, and cell proliferation by a non-radioactive ELISA kit. At the concentration range used in the present study, no thresholds were found in all of these cell responses to Cr (VI). The results may guide further research to better understand and evaluate the risk of Cr (VI)-induced carcinogenesis at low levels of exposure.

Dual Effects on Choice of Conditioned Reinforcement Frequency and Conditioned Reinforcement Value

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McDevitt, Margaret A.; Williams, Ben A.

2010-01-01

Pigeons were presented with a concurrent-chains schedule in which the total time to primary reinforcement was equated for the two alternatives (VI 30 s VI 60 s vs. VI 60 s VI 30 s). In one set of conditions, the terminal links were signaled by the same stimulus, and in another set of conditions they were signaled by different stimuli. Choice was…

Visual Information (6)

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-12-01

definition 33., below). 7. Commercial VI Production. A completed VI production, purchased off-the- shelf; i.e., from the stocks of a vendor. 8. Computer ...Generated Graphics. The production of graphics through an electronic medium based on a computer or computer techniques. 9. Contract VI Production. A VI...displays, presentations, and exhibits prepared manually, by machine, or by computer . 16. Indirect Costs. An item of cost (or the aggregate thereof) that is

The Nakuru posterior segment eye disease study: methods and prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in Nakuru, Kenya.

PubMed

Mathenge, Wanjiku; Bastawrous, Andrew; Foster, Allen; Kuper, Hannah

2012-10-01

To estimate the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment (VI) in adults aged ≥50 years in the Nakuru district of Kenya and to identify sociodemographic risk factors for these conditions. We also sought to validate the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) methodology. There were 5010 subjects enumerated for this study. Of these, 4414 participants underwent examination, for a response rate of 88.1%. Cross-sectional, population-based survey. Cluster random samplings with probability proportionate to size procedures were used to select a representative cross-sectional sample of adults aged ≥50 years. Each participant was interviewed, had distance visual acuity (VA) measured with reduced logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution tumbling-E chart, underwent autorefraction, and thereby had measurements of presenting, uncorrected, and best-corrected VA. All participants, regardless of vision, underwent detailed ophthalmic examinations including slit-lamp assessment and dilated retinal photographs. Visual acuity of <6/12. A representative sample of 4414 adults were enumerated (response rate, 88.1%). The prevalence of blindness (VA < 3/60 in better eye) was 1.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-2.1%) and of VI, 0.4% (95% CI, 0.3-0.7%); 8.1% (95% CI, 7.2-9.2%); and 5.1% (95% CI, 4.3-6.1%) were severely (<6/60-3/60), moderately (<6/18-6/60), or mildly (<6/12-6/18) visually impaired, respectively. Being male, having less education, having Kalenjin tribal origin, and being ≥80 years old were associated with increased blindness prevalence. Prevalence estimates were comparable to a RAAB performed in the same area 2 years earlier. This survey provides reliable estimates of blindness and VI prevalence in Nakuru. Older age and tribal origin were identified as predictors of these conditions. This survey validates the use of RAAB as a method of estimating blindness and VI prevalence. Copyright © 2012 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Sexual assaults in individuals with visual impairment: a cross-sectional study of a Norwegian sample.

PubMed

Brunes, Audun; Heir, Trond

2018-06-09

To examine the prevalence of sexual assaults among individuals with visual impairment (VI) compared with the general population and to investigate the association between sexual assault and outcomes of self-efficacy and life satisfaction. Cross-sectional interview-based study conducted between February and May 2017. A probability sample of adults with VI (≥18 years) who were members of the Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted. A total of 736 (61%) members participated, of whom 55% were of female gender. We obtained norm data for sexual assaults from a representative survey of the general Norwegian population. Sexual assaults (Life Event Checklist for DSM-5), self-efficacy (General Self-Efficacy Scale) and life satisfaction (Cantril's Ladder of Life Satisfaction). The prevalence of sexual assaults (rape, attempted rape and forced into sexual acts) in the VI population was 17.4% (95% CI 14.0 to 21.4) among women and 2.4% (95% CI 1.2 to 4.7) among men. For women, the VI population had higher rates of sexual assaults across age strata than the general population. For men, no significant differences were found. In the population of people with VI, the risk of sexual assault was greater for those having other impairments in addition to the vision loss. Individuals with VI who experienced sexual assaults had lower levels of self-efficacy (adjusted relative risk (ARR): 0.18, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.61) and life satisfaction (ARR: 0.31, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.50) than others. The risk of experiencing sexual assault appears to be higher in individuals with VI than in the general population. Preventive measures as well as psychosocial care for those who have been exposed are needed. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Degradation of chloramphenicol by potassium ferrate (VI) oxidation: kinetics and products.

PubMed

Zhou, Jia-Heng; Chen, Kai-Bo; Hong, Qian-Kun; Zeng, Fan-Cheng; Wang, Hong-Yu

2017-04-01

The oxidation of chloramphenicol (CAP) by potassium ferrate (VI) in test solution was studied in this paper. A series of jar tests were performed at bench scale with pH of 5-9 and molar ratio [VI/CAP] of 16.3:1-81.6:1. Results showed that raising VI dose could improve the treatment performance and the influence of solution pH was significant. VI is more reactive in neutral conditions, presenting the highest removal efficiency of CAP. The rate law for the oxidation of CAP by VI was first order with respect to each reactant, yielding an overall second-order reaction. Furthermore, five oxidation products were observed during CAP oxidation by VI. Results revealed that VI attacked the amide group of CAP, leading to the cleavage of the group, while benzene ring remained intact.

Strengths use as a secret of happiness: Another dimension of visually impaired individuals' psychological state.

PubMed

Matsuguma, Shinichiro; Kawashima, Motoko; Negishi, Kazuno; Sano, Fumiya; Mimura, Masaru; Tsubota, Kazuo

2018-01-01

It is well recognized that visual impairments (VI) worsen individuals' mental condition. However, little is known about the positive aspects including subjective happiness, positive emotions, and strengths. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the positive aspects of persons with VI including their subjective happiness, positive emotions, and strengths use. Positive aspects of persons with VI were measured using the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience-Balance (SPANE-B), and the Strengths Use Scale (SUS). A cross-sectional analysis was utilized to examine personal information in a Tokyo sample (N = 44). We used a simple regression analysis and found significant relationships between the SHS or SPANE-B and SUS; on the contrary, VI-related variables were not correlated with them. A multiple regression analysis confirmed that SUS was a significant factor associated with both the SHS and SPANE-B. Strengths use might be a possible protective factor from the negative effects of VI.

Comparing the Impact of Refractive and Nonrefractive Vision Loss on Functioning and Disability: The Salisbury Eye Evaluation.

PubMed

Zebardast, Nazlee; Swenor, Bonnielin K; van Landingham, Suzanne W; Massof, Robert W; Munoz, Beatriz; West, Sheila K; Ramulu, Pradeep Y

2015-06-01

To compare the effects of uncorrected refractive error (URE) and nonrefractive visual impairment (VI) on performance and disability measures. Cross-sectional, population-based study. A total of 2469 individuals with binocular presenting visual acuity (PVA) of ≥ 20/80 who participated in the first round of the Salisbury Eye Evaluation study. The URE was defined as binocular PVA of ≤ 20/30, improving to >20/30 with subjective refraction. The VI was defined as post-refraction binocular best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of ≤ 20/30. The visual acuity decrement due to VI was calculated as the difference between BCVA and 20/30, whereas visual acuity due to URE was taken as the difference between PVA and BCVA. Multivariable regression analyses were used to assess the disability impact of (1) vision status (VI, URE, or normal vision) using the group with normal vision as reference and (2) a 1-line decrement in acuity due to VI or URE. Objective measures of visual function were obtained from timed performance of mobility and near vision tasks, self-reported driving cessation, and self-reported visual difficulty measured by the Activities of Daily Vision (ADV) scale. The ADV responses were analyzed using Rasch analysis to determine visual ability. Compared with individuals with normal vision, subjects with VI (n = 191) had significantly poorer objective and subjective visual functioning in all metrics examined (P < 0.05), whereas subjects with URE (n = 132) demonstrated slower walking speeds, slower near task performance, more frequent driving cessation, and lower ADV scores (P < 0.05), but did not demonstrate slower stair climbing or descent speed. For all functional metrics evaluated, the impact of VI was greater than the impact of URE. The impact of a 1-line VA decrement due to VI was associated with greater deficits in mobility measures and driving cessation when compared with a 1-line VA decrement due to URE. Visual impairment is associated with greater disability than URE across a wide variety of functional measures, even in analyses adjusting for the severity of vision loss. Refractive and nonrefractive vision loss should be distinguished in studies evaluating visual disability and be understood to have differing consequences. Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Organic and Aqueous Redox Speciation of Cu(III) Periodate Oxidized Transuranium Actinides

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McCann, Kevin; Sinkov, Sergey I.; Lumetta, Gregg J.

A hexavalent group actinide separation process could streamline used nuclear fuel recycle and waste management. The limiting factor to such a process compatible with current fuel dissolution practices is obtaining and maintaining hexavalent Am, in molar nitric acid due to the high reduction potential of the Am(VI)/Am(III) couple (1.68 V vs SCE). Two strong oxidants, sodium bismuthate and Cu(III) periodate, have demonstrated quantitative oxidation of Am under molar acid conditions and better than 50% recovery by diamyl amylphosphonate (DAAP) is possible under these same conditions. This work considers the use of Cu(III) periodate to oxidize Np(V) to Np(VI) and Pu(IV)more » to Pu(VI) and recover these elements by extraction with DAAP. A metal:oxidant ratio of 1:1.2 and 1:3 was necessary to quantitatively oxidize Np(V) and Pu(IV), respectively, to the hexavalent state. Extraction of hexavalent Np, Pu, and Am by 1 M DAAP in n-dodecane was measured using UV-Vis [Pu(VI), Am (VI)] and NIR [Np(VI)]. Distribution values of Am(VI) were found to match previous tracer level studies. The organic phase spectra of Np, Pu, and Am are presented and molar absorptivities are calculated for characteristic peaks. Hexavalent Pu was found to be stable in the organic phase while Np(VI) showed some reduction to Np(V) and Am was present as Am(III), Am(V), and Am(VI) species in aqueous and organic phases during the extraction experiments. These results demonstrate, for the first time, the ability to recover macroscopic amounts of americium that would be present during fuel reprocessing and are the first characterization of Am organic phase oxidation state speciation relevant to a hexavalent group actinide separation process under acidic conditions.« less

12 CFR 222.1 - Purpose, scope, and effective dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) Section 114, concerning procedures for the identification of possible instances of identity theft; (iii...)(1), concerning the summary of rights of identity theft victims; (v) Section 152, concerning blocking of information resulting from identity theft; (vi) Section 153, concerning the coordination of...

US residential building air exchange rates: new perspectives to improve decision making at vapor intrusion sites.

PubMed

Reichman, Rivka; Shirazi, Elham; Colliver, Donald G; Pennell, Kelly G

2017-02-22

Vapor intrusion (VI) is well-known to be difficult to characterize because indoor air (IA) concentrations exhibit considerable temporal and spatial variability in homes throughout impacted communities. To overcome this and other limitations, most VI science has focused on subsurface processes; however there is a need to understand the role of aboveground processes, especially building operation, in the context of VI exposure risks. This tutorial review focuses on building air exchange rates (AERs) and provides a review of literature related building AERs to inform decision making at VI sites. Commonly referenced AER values used by VI regulators and practitioners do not account for the variability in AER values that have been published in indoor air quality studies. The information presented herein highlights that seasonal differences, short-term weather conditions, home age and air conditioning status, which are well known to influence AERs, are also likely to influence IA concentrations at VI sites. Results of a 3D VI model in combination with relevant AER values reveal that IA concentrations can vary more than one order of magnitude due to air conditioning status and one order of magnitude due to house age. Collectively, the data presented strongly support the need to consider AERs when making decisions at VI sites.

[A study of Ververck index in 16 865 singleton neonates with a gestational age of 27-42 weeks in Shenzhen, China].

PubMed

Huang, Xiao-Yun; Liu, Hui-Long; Lei, Min; Lian, Zhao-Hui; Mai, Hui-Fen

2018-01-01

Ververck index (VI) reflects thoracic development, body type, and nutritional status. This study aimed to investigate the VI of singleton neonates with a gestational age (GA) of 27-42 weeks at birth, and to establish percentile curves of VI of the neonates. Cross-sectional cluster sampling was performed between April 2013 and September 2015. Body weight, body length, and chest circumference were measured for 16 865 singleton neonates with a GA of 27-42 weeks in two hospitals in Shenzhen, China. VI was calculated and the percentile curves of VI were plotted for the neonates. Mean VIs were obtained for singleton neonates with a gestational age of 27-42 weeks (in three groups of male, female, and both sexes), and related 3rd-97th percentile curves were plotted. As for the 50th percentile curve, the singleton neonates with a GA of 27 weeks had the lowest 50th percentile value of VI, which gradually increased with the increase in GA. The singleton neonates with a GA of 42 weeks had the highest 50th percentile value of VI. Girls had a slightly higher 50th percentile value of VI than boys in all GA groups. VI of neonates increases with the increase in GA. Female neonates may have a slightly better thoracic development, body type, and nutritional status than male neonates at birth. The percentile curves of VI plotted for singleton neonates with a GA of 27-42 weeks (in three groups of male, female, and both sexes) can provide a basis for evaluating thoracic development, body type, and nutritional status of neonates at birth in Shenzhen, China.

Detection and Persistence of Vi Antigen in Tissues of Actively Immunized Mice1

PubMed Central

Gaines, Sidney; Currie, Julius A.; Tully, Joseph G.

1965-01-01

Gaines, Sidney (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), Julius A. Currie, and Joseph G. Tully. Detection and persistence of Vi antigen in tissues of actively immunized mice. J. Bacteriol. 89:776–781. 1965.—The presence, distribution, and persistence of Vi antigen in mouse tissue was determined by means of active immunization tests with tissue extracts. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with purified Vi antigen or Vi-containing bacilli. At appropriate intervals, animals were killed, and saline extracts of their tissues were prepared. Mice were immunized with these extracts and challenged 6 days later with 10 ld50 of Salmonella typhosa Ty2. Protection was afforded by tissue extracts from Vi-injected mice, but not by normal tissue extracts. That the immunizing capacity of tissue extracts from Vi-injected mice was attributable to Vi antigen was affirmed by the demonstration that these extracts stimulated the production of Vi antibody in mice, coated erythrocytes for agglutination by Vi antiserum, and inhibited agglutination of Vi-sensitized red blood cells by known Vi antisera. Vi antigen could be detected in the liver and spleen of mice injected with as little as 1 μg. In mice given 150 μg, the antigen was still present in liver tissue 231 days later. PMID:14273660

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

MOSTELLER, RUSSELL D.

Previous studies have indicated that ENDF/B-VII preliminary releases {beta}-2 and {beta}-3, predecessors to the recent initial release of ENDF/B-VII.0, produce significantly better overall agreement with criticality benchmarks than does ENDF/B-VI. However, one of those studies also suggests that improvements still may be needed for thermal plutonium cross sections. The current study substantiates that concern by examining criticality benchmarks for unreflected spheres of plutonium-nitrate solutions and for slightly and heavily borated mixed-oxide (MOX) lattices. Results are presented for the JEFF-3.1 and JENDL-3.3 nuclear data libraries as well as ENDF/B-VII.0 and ENDF/B-VI. It is shown that ENDF/B-VII.0 tends to overpredict reactivity formore » thermal plutonium benchmarks over at least a portion of the thermal range. In addition, it is found that additional benchmark data are needed for the deep thermal range.« less

Hexavalent chromium targets mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I to induce reactive oxygen species-dependent caspase-3 activation in L-02 hepatocytes.

PubMed

Xiao, Fang; Li, Yanhong; Dai, Lu; Deng, Yuanyuan; Zou, Yue; Li, Peng; Yang, Yuan; Zhong, Caigao

2012-09-01

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], which is used for various industrial applications, such as leather tanning and chroming, can cause a number of human diseases including inflammation and cancer. Cr(VI) exposure leads to severe damage to the liver, but the mechanisms involved in Cr(VI)-mediated toxicity in the liver are unclear. The present study provides evidence that Cr(VI) enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by inhibiting the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex (MRCC) I. Cr(VI) did not affect the expression levels of antioxidative proteins such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and thioredoxin (Trx), indicating that the antioxidative system was not involved in Cr(VI)-induced ROS accumulation. We found that ROS mediated caspase-3 activation partially depends on the downregulation of the heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and 90. In order to confirm our hypothesis that ROS plays a key role in Cr(VI)-mediated cytotoxicity, we used N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to inhibit the accumulation of ROS. NAC successfully blocked the inhibition of HSP70 and HSP90 as well as the activation of caspase-3, suggesting that ROS is essential in Cr(VI)-induced caspase-3 activation. By applying different MRCC substrates as electron donors, we also confirmed that Cr(VI) could accept the electrons leaked from MRCC I and the reduction occurs at MRCC I. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that Cr(VI) induces ROS-dependent caspase-3 activation by inhibiting MRCC I activity, and MRCC I has been identified as a new target and a new mechanism for the apoptosis-inducing activity displayed by Cr(VI).

Cranial nerve VI palsy after dural-arachnoid puncture.

PubMed

Hofer, Jennifer E; Scavone, Barbara M

2015-03-01

In this article, we provide a literature review of cranial nerve (CN) VI injury after dural-arachnoid puncture. CN VI injury is rare and ranges in severity from diplopia to complete lateral rectus palsy with deviated gaze. The proposed mechanism of injury is cerebrospinal fluid leakage causing intracranial hypotension and downward displacement of the brainstem. This results in traction on CN VI leading to stretch and neural demyelination. Symptoms may present 1 day to 3 weeks after dural-arachnoid puncture and typically are associated with a postdural puncture (spinal) headache. Resolution of symptoms may take weeks to months. Use of small-gauge, noncutting spinal needles may decrease the risk of intracranial hypotension and subsequent CN VI injury. When ocular symptoms are present, early administration of an epidural blood patch may decrease morbidity or prevent progression of ocular symptoms.

Chlorine decay and trihalomethane formation following ferrate(VI) preoxidation and chlorination of drinking water.

PubMed

Li, Cong; Luo, Feng; Dong, Feilong; Zhao, Jingguo; Zhang, Tuqiao; He, Guilin; Cizmas, Leslie; Sharma, Virender K

2017-11-01

This paper presents the effect of preoxidation with ferrate(VI) (Fe VI O 4 2- , Fe(VI)) prior to chlorination on chlorine decay and formation of disinfection by-products in filtered raw water from a full-scale drinking water treatment plant. The rate of chlorine decay became significantly faster as the concentration of ferrate(VI) increased. Chlorine degradation followed two first-order decay reactions with rate constants k 1 and k 2 for fast and slow decay, respectively. Kinetic modeling established the relationships between k 1 and k 2 and varying dosages of chlorine and ferrate(VI). When ferrate(VI) was used as a pre-oxidant, the levels of trihalomethanes (trichloromethane (TCM), dichlorobromomethane (DCBM), dibromochloromethane (DBCM), and tribromomethane (TBM)) in water samples decreased as the ferrate(VI) concentration increased. The concentrations of these trihalomethanes followed the order TCM > DCBM ≈ DBCM > TBM. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Risk factors for visual impairment and blindness amongst black adult diabetics receiving treatment at Government healthcare facilities in Mopani District, Limpopo province, South Africa.

PubMed

Mabaso, Raymond G; Oduntan, Olalekan A

2014-11-21

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common systemic disease amongst Black South Africans. It may lead to diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common cause of visual impairment (VI) and blindness. DR may signifiantly increase the prevalence of VI and blindness. To assess risk factors for VI and blindness amongst a black diabetic South African population aged ≥ 40 years. The study was conducted in seven Government healthcare facilities (two hospitals, four clinics and one health centre) in Mopani District, Limpopo province, South Africa. This was a cross-sectional health facility-based quantitative study. Structured interviews were used to obtain information, which included sociodemographic profie, knowledge about DM and its ocular complications, presence of hypertension and accessibility to health facilities. Subsequently participants were examined for VI and blindness using an autorefractor, pinhole disc, ophthalmoscope and logMAR visual acuity chart. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight and waist) were also taken. Associations between 31 risk factors and VI as well as blindness were statistically examined. Participants (N = 225) included 161 women and 64 men aged 40-90 years (mean 61.5 ± 10.49 years); 41.3% of them had VI and 3.6% were blind. Cataracts (76.8%) and DR (7.1%) were the common causes of compensated VI and blindness. Risk factors that were associated with VI and blindness were age, monthly income, compliance with losing weight and physical activity. Findings suggest that lifestyle intervention and appropriate eyecare programmes may reduce VI and blindness in this population.

Risk factors for visual impairment and blindness amongst black adult diabetics receiving treatment at Government healthcare facilities in Mopani District, Limpopo province, South Africa

PubMed Central

Oduntan, Olalekan A.

2014-01-01

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common systemic disease amongst Black South Africans. It may lead to diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common cause of visual impairment (VI) and blindness. DR may significantly increase the prevalence of VI and blindness. Aim To assess risk factors for VI and blindness amongst a black diabetic South African population aged ≥ 40 years. Setting The study was conducted in seven Government healthcare facilities (two hospitals, four clinics and one health centre) in Mopani District, Limpopo province, South Africa. Methods This was a cross-sectional health facility-based quantitative study. Structured interviews were used to obtain information, which included sociodemographic profile, knowledge about DM and its ocular complications, presence of hypertension and accessibility to health facilities. Subsequently participants were examined for VI and blindness using an autorefractor, pinhole disc, ophthalmoscope and logMAR visual acuity chart. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight and waist) were also taken. Associations between 31 risk factors and VI as well as blindness were statistically examined. Results Participants (N = 225) included 161 women and 64 men aged 40–90 years (mean 61.5 ± 10.49 years); 41.3% of them had VI and 3.6% were blind. Cataracts (76.8%) and DR (7.1%) were the common causes of compensated VI and blindness. Risk factors that were associated with VI and blindness were age, monthly income, compliance with losing weight and physical activity. Conclusion Findings suggest that lifestyle intervention and appropriate eyecare programmes may reduce VI and blindness in this population. PMID:26245418

Simultaneous Cr(VI) bio-reduction and methane production by anaerobic granular sludge.

PubMed

Hu, Qian; Sun, Jiaji; Sun, Dezhi; Tian, Lan; Ji, Yanan; Qiu, Bin

2018-08-01

Wastewater containing toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) were treated with well-organized anaerobic granular sludge in this study. Results showed that the anaerobic granular sludge rapidly removed Cr(VI), and 2000 µg·L -1 Cr(VI) was completely eliminated within 6 min, which was much faster than the reported duration of removal by reported artificial materials. Sucrose added as a carbon source acted as an initial electron donor to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III). This process was considered as the main mechanism of Cr(VI) removal. Methane production by anaerobic granular sludge was improved by the addition of Cr(VI) at a concentration lower than 500 µg·L -1 . Anaerobic granular sludge had a well-organized structure, which presented good resistance against toxic Cr(VI). Trichoccus accelerated the degradation of organic substances to generate acetates with a low Cr(VI) concentration, thereby enhancing methane production by acetotrophic methanogens. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Identifying the need for a multidisciplinary approach for early recognition of mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI).

PubMed

Choy, Yew Sing; Bhattacharya, Kaustuv; Balasubramaniam, Shanti; Fietz, Michael; Fu, Antony; Inwood, Anita; Jin, Dong-Kyu; Kim, Ok-Hwa; Kosuga, Motomichi; Kwun, Young Hee; Lin, Hsiang-Yu; Lin, Shuan-Pei; Mendelsohn, Nancy J; Okuyama, Torayuki; Samion, Hasri; Tan, Adeline; Tanaka, Akemi; Thamkunanon, Verasak; Thong, Meow-Keong; Toh, Teck-Hock; Yang, Albert D; McGill, Jim

2015-05-01

Mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI, Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome) is caused by deficient activity of the enzyme, N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase, resulting in impaired degradation of the glycosaminoglycan dermatan sulfate. Patients experience a range of manifestations including joint contractures, short stature, dysostosis multiplex, coarse facial features, decreased pulmonary function, cardiac abnormalities, corneal clouding and shortened life span. Recently, clinicians from institutions in the Asia-Pacific region met to discuss the occurrence and implications of delayed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of MPS VI in the patients they have managed. Eighteen patients (44% female) were diagnosed. The most common sign presented by the patients was bone deformities in 11 patients (65%). Delays to diagnosis occurred due to the lack of or distance to diagnostic facilities for four patients (31%), alternative diagnoses for two patients (15%), and misleading symptoms experienced by two patients (15%). Several patients experienced manifestations that were subtler than would be expected and were subsequently overlooked. Several cases highlighted the unique challenges associated with diagnosing MPS VI from the perspective of different specialties and provide insights into how these patients initially present, which may help to elucidate strategies to improve the diagnosis of MPS VI. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Opening Switch Research on a Plasma Focus VI.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-02-26

Sausage Instability in the Plasma Focus In this section the classical Kruskal- Schwarzschild 3 theory for the sausage mode is applied to the pinch phase...on 1) the shape of the pinch, 2) axial flow of plasma, and 3) self-generated magnetic fields are also presented. The Kruskal- Schwarzschild Theory The...classical mhd theory for the m=O mode in a plasma supported by a magnetic field against gravity; this is the well-known Kruskal- Schwarzschild

29 CFR 1915.1026 - Chromium (VI).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... present from skin or eye contact with chromium (VI), the employer shall provide appropriate personal... clothing and equipment should be laundered or cleaned in a manner that minimizes skin or eye contact with... shall provide change rooms in conformance with 29 CFR 1910.141. Where skin contact with chromium (VI...

Mechanisms of uranium interactions with hydroxyapatite: Implications for groundwater remediation

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fuller, C.C.; Bargar, J.R.; Davis, J.A.; Piana, M.J.

2002-01-01

The speciation of U(VI) sorbed to synthetic hydroxyapatite was investigated using a combination of U LIII-edge XAS, synchrotron XRD, batch uptake measurements, and SEM-EDS. The mechanisms of U(VI) removal by apatite were determined in order to evaluate the feasibility of apatitebased in-situ permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). In batch U(VI) uptake experiments with synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA), near complete removal of dissolved uranium (>99.5%) to <0.05 ??M was observed over a range of total U(VI) concentrations up to equimolar of the total P in the suspension. XRD and XAS analyses of U(VI)-reacted HA at sorbed concentrations ???4700 ppm U(VI) suggested that uranium(VI) phosphate, hydroxide, and carbonate solids were not present at these concentrations. Fits to EXAFS spectra indicate the presence of Ca neighbors at 3.81 A??. U-Ca separation, suggesting that U(VI) adsorbs to the HA surfaces as an inner-sphere complex. Uranium(VI) phosphate solid phases were not detected in HA with 4700 ppm sorbed U(VI) by backscatter SEM or EDS, in agreement with the surface complexation process. In contrast, U(VI) speciation in samples that exceeded 7000 ppm sorbed U(VI) included a crystalline uranium(VI) phosphate solid phase, identified as chernikovite by XRD. At these higher concentrations, a secondary, uranium(VI) phosphate solid was detected by SEM-EDS, consistent with chernikovite precipitation. Autunite formation occurred at total U:P molar ratios ???0.2. Our findings provide a basis for evaluating U(VI) sorption mechanisms by commercially available natural apatites for use in development of PRBs for groundwater U(VI) remediation.

Inhibition of the nitrification process in activated sludge by trivalent and hexavalent chromium, and partitioning of hexavalent chromium between sludge compartments.

PubMed

Novotnik, Breda; Zuliani, Tea; Ščančar, Janez; Milačič, Radmila

2014-06-01

The input of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) may contain high concentrations of Cr(III) and Cr(VI), which can affect nitrogen removal. In the present study the influence of different Cr(III) and Cr(VI) concentrations towards activated sludge nitrification was studied. To better understand the mechanisms of Cr(VI) toxicity, its reduction, adsorption and uptake in activated sludge was investigated in a batch growth system. Quantification of Cr(VI) was performed by speciated isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. It was found that Cr(VI) concentrations above 1.0 mg L(-1) and Cr(III) concentrations higher than 50 mg L(-1) negatively affected nitrification. Speciation studies indicated almost complete reduction of Cr(VI) after 24h of incubation when Cr(VI) concentrations were lower than 2.5 mg L(-1), whereas for Cr(VI) added to 5 mg L(-1) around 40% remained unreduced. The study of the partitioning of Cr in the activated sludge was performed by the addition of Cr(VI) in concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 mg L(-1). Results revealed that Cr was allocated mainly within the intercellular compartments, whereas intracellular and adsorbed Cr represented less than 0.1% of the Cr sludge concentrations. Cr(VI) was reduced in all compartments, the most efficiently (about 94%) within the intracellular and intercellular fractions. The extent of reduction of adsorbed Cr was 92% and 80% for 2.5 and 5.0mg of Cr(VI) L(-1), respectively. The results of present investigation provide a new insight into the toxicity of Cr species towards activated sludge nitrification, which is of significant importance for the management of WWTPs in order to prevent them from inflows containing harmful Cr(VI) concentrations. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

17 CFR 36.3 - Exempt commercial markets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... authorized participants are “eligible commercial entities” as defined in section 1a(11) of the Act; that all... (vi) of this section raise issues that are novel, or for which compliance with a Core Principle is not...

Determination of hexavalent chromium in exhaled breath condensate and environmental air among chrome plating workers.

PubMed

Goldoni, Matteo; Caglieri, Andrea; Poli, Diana; Vettori, Maria Vittoria; Corradi, Massimo; Apostoli, Pietro; Mutti, Antonio

2006-03-15

Chromium speciation has attracted attention because of the different toxicity of Cr(III), which is considered relatively non-toxic, and Cr(VI), which can cross cell membranes mainly as a chromate anion and has been classified as a class I human carcinogen. The aims of the present study were to measure soluble Cr(VI) levels in environmental samples, to develop a simple method of quantifying Cr(VI) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and to follow the kinetics of EBC Cr(VI) in chrome plating workers.Personal air samples were collected from 10 chrome platers; EBC was collected from the same workers immediately after the work shift on Tuesday and before the work shift on the following Wednesday. Environmental and EBC Cr(VI) levels were determined by means of colorimetry and electrothermal absorption atomic spectrometry, respectively.The method of detecting Cr(VI) in environmental air was based on the extraction of the Cr(VI)-diphenylcarbazide (Cr(VI)-DPC) complex in 1-butanol, whereas EBC Cr(VI) was determined using a solvent extraction of Cr(VI) as an ion pair with tetrabutylammonium ion, and subsequent direct determination of the complex (Cr(VI)-DPC) in EBC.Kinetic data showed that airborne Cr(VI) was reduced by 50% in airway lining fluid sampled at the end of exposure and that there was a further 50% reduction after about 15 h. The persistence of Cr(VI) in EBC supports the use of EBC in assessing target tissue levels of Cr(VI).

Role of an organic carbon-rich soil and Fe(III) reduction in reducing the toxicity and environmental mobility of chromium(VI) at a COPR disposal site.

PubMed

Ding, Weixuan; Stewart, Douglas I; Humphreys, Paul N; Rout, Simon P; Burke, Ian T

2016-01-15

Cr(VI) is an important contaminant found at sites where chromium ore processing residue (COPR) is deposited. No low cost treatment exists for Cr(VI) leaching from such sites. This study investigated the mechanism of interaction of alkaline Cr(VI)-containing leachate with an Fe(II)-containing organic matter rich soil beneath the waste. The soil currently contains 0.8% Cr, shown to be present as Cr(III)(OH)3 in EXAFS analysis. Lab tests confirmed that the reaction of Cr(VI) in site leachate with Fe(II) present in the soil was stoichiometrically correct for a reductive mechanism of Cr accumulation. However, the amount of Fe(II) present in the soil was insufficient to maintain long term Cr(VI) reduction at historic infiltration rates. The soil contains a population of bacteria dominated by a Mangroviflexus-like species, that is closely related to known fermentative bacteria, and a community capable of sustaining Fe(III) reduction in alkaline culture. It is therefore likely that in situ fermentative metabolism supported by organic matter in the soil produces more labile organic substrates (lactate was detected) that support microbial Fe(III) reduction. It is therefore suggested that addition of solid phase organic matter to soils adjacent to COPR may reduce the long term spread of Cr(VI) in the environment. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

[Investigation of concentration levels of chromium(VI) in bottled mineral and spring waters by high performance ion chromatography technique with application of postcolumn reaction with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide and VIS detection].

PubMed

Swiecicka, Dorota; Garboś, Sławomir

2008-01-01

The aim of this work was optimization and validation of the method of determination of Cr(VI) existing in the form of chromate(VI) in mineral and spring waters by High Performance Ion Chromatography (HPIC) technique with application of postcolumn reaction with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide and VIS detection. Optimization of the method performed with the use of initial apparatus parameters and chromatographic conditions from the Method 218.6 allowed to lowering detection limit for Cr(VI) from 400 ng/l to 2 ng/l. Thanks to very low detection limit achieved it was possible to determine of Cr(VI) concentrations in 25 mineral and spring waters presented at Polish market. In the cases of four mineral and spring waters analyzed, determined Cr(VI) concentrations were below of quantification limit (< 4 ng/l) but simultaneously in another mineral and spring waters the concentrations of chromium(VI) were determined in the range of 5.6 - 1281 ng/l. The fact of existence of different Cr(VI) concentrations in investigated waters could be connected with secondary contamination of mineral and spring waters by chromium coming from metal installations and fittings. One should be underlined that even the highest determined concentration level of chromium(VI) was below of the maximum admissible concentration of total chromium presented in Polish Decree of Minister of Health from April 29th 2004. Therefore after taking into account determined in this work concentration of Cr(VI), the consumption of all waters analyzed in this study does not lead to essential human health risk.

23 CFR 200.9 - State highway agency responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false State highway agency responsibilities. 200.9 Section 200.9 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CIVIL RIGHTS TITLE VI... Administration. (2) Section 162a of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1973 (section 324, title 23 U.S.C.) requires...

23 CFR 200.9 - State highway agency responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false State highway agency responsibilities. 200.9 Section 200.9 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CIVIL RIGHTS TITLE VI... Administration. (2) Section 162a of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1973 (section 324, title 23 U.S.C.) requires...

23 CFR 200.9 - State highway agency responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false State highway agency responsibilities. 200.9 Section 200.9 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CIVIL RIGHTS TITLE VI... Administration. (2) Section 162a of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1973 (section 324, title 23 U.S.C.) requires...

30 CFR 254.21 - How must I format my response plan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) Dispersant use plan. (v) In situ burning plan. (vi) Training and drills. ...? (a) You must divide your response plan for OCS facilities into the sections specified in paragraph (b) of this section and explained in the other sections of this subpart. The plan must have an easily...

30 CFR 254.21 - How must I format my response plan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) Dispersant use plan. (v) In situ burning plan. (vi) Training and drills. ...? (a) You must divide your response plan for OCS facilities into the sections specified in paragraph (b) of this section and explained in the other sections of this subpart. The plan must have an easily...

30 CFR 254.21 - How must I format my response plan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) Dispersant use plan. (v) In situ burning plan. (vi) Training and drills. ...? (a) You must divide your response plan for OCS facilities into the sections specified in paragraph (b) of this section and explained in the other sections of this subpart. The plan must have an easily...

38 CFR 10.50 - Section 601 and section 603 payments made on first day of calendar quarter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... installment payments authorized in sections 601 and 603, respectively of title VI of the World War Adjusted... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Section 601 and section... shall any such payments be made before March 1, 1925: Provided, however, That payments authorized by...

38 CFR 10.50 - Section 601 and section 603 payments made on first day of calendar quarter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... installment payments authorized in sections 601 and 603, respectively of title VI of the World War Adjusted... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Section 601 and section... shall any such payments be made before March 1, 1925: Provided, however, That payments authorized by...

38 CFR 10.50 - Section 601 and section 603 payments made on first day of calendar quarter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... installment payments authorized in sections 601 and 603, respectively of title VI of the World War Adjusted... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Section 601 and section... shall any such payments be made before March 1, 1925: Provided, however, That payments authorized by...

38 CFR 10.50 - Section 601 and section 603 payments made on first day of calendar quarter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... installment payments authorized in sections 601 and 603, respectively of title VI of the World War Adjusted... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Section 601 and section... shall any such payments be made before March 1, 1925: Provided, however, That payments authorized by...

38 CFR 10.50 - Section 601 and section 603 payments made on first day of calendar quarter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... installment payments authorized in sections 601 and 603, respectively of title VI of the World War Adjusted... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Section 601 and section... shall any such payments be made before March 1, 1925: Provided, however, That payments authorized by...

Bioprospecting of gum kondagogu (Cochlospermum gossypium) for bioremediation of uranium (VI) from aqueous solution and synthetic nuclear power reactor effluents.

PubMed

Sashidhar, R B; Selvi, S Kalaignana; Vinod, V T P; Kosuri, Tanuja; Raju, D; Karuna, R

2015-10-01

An ecofriendly green chemistry method using a natural biopolymer, Gum Kondagogu (GK) for the removal of U (VI) from aqueous, simulated nuclear effluents was studied. The adsorption characteristic of GK towards U (VI) from aqueous solution was studied at varied pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, initial U (VI) concentration and temperature using UV-Visible spectroscopy and ICP-MS. Maximum adsorption was seen at pH 4, 0.1% GK with 60 min contact time at room temperature. The GK- U (VI) composite was characterized by FT-IR, zeta potential, TEM and SEM-EDAX. The Langmuir isotherm was found to be 487 mg of U (VI) g(-1) of GK. The adsorption capacity and (%) of U (VI) was found to be 490 ± 5.4 mg g(-1) and 98.5%. Moreover adsorption of U (VI) by GK was not influenced by other cations present in the simulated effluents. The adsorbed U (VI) was efficiently stripped from composite using 1 M HCl. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Distribution of type VI collagen in association with osteoblast lineages in the groove of Ranvier during rat postnatal development.

PubMed

Kohara, Yukihiro; Soeta, Satoshi; Izu, Yayoi; Arai, Kiyotaka; Amasaki, Hajime

2016-11-01

In the groove of Ranvier (GOR), osteoblast lineages form bone bark, which develops into endosteal cortical bone. This ossification process is thought to be regulated by the microenvironment in the GOR. Type VI collagen (Col VI), an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein found in the periosteum/perichondrium, mediates osteoblast differentiation via the cell-surface receptor neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2) chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. In order to clarify the function of Col VI during osteoblast differentiation in the GOR, in the present study, we examined the distribution of Col VI and osteoblast lineages expressing NG2 in the rat tibia proximal end during postnatal growing periods by immunohistochemistry. Our data revealed that Col VI accumulated in the ECM of the GOR middle layer and that Col VI accumulation was reduced and disappeared in the inner and middle lower regions. Runt-related transcription factor 2-immunoreactive pre-osteoblasts expressed NG2 in Col VI-immunopositive areas. However, Osterix-immunoreactive mature osteoblasts were only found in the Col VI-immunonegative area. These findings indicate that Col VI provided a characteristic microenvironment in the GOR and that NG2-Col VI interactions may regulate the differentiation of osteoblast lineages prior to terminal maturation. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Ferrate(VI) oxidation of zinc-cyanide complex.

PubMed

Yngard, Ria; Damrongsiri, Seelawut; Osathaphan, Khemarath; Sharma, Virender K

2007-10-01

Zinc-cyanide complexes are found in gold mining effluents and in metal finishing rinse water. The effect of Zn(II) on the oxidation of cyanide by ferrate(VI) (Fe(VI)O(4)(2-), Fe(VI)) was thus investigated by studying the kinetics of the reaction of Fe(VI) with cyanide present in a potassium salt of a zinc cyanide complex (K(2)Zn(CN)(4)) and in a mixture of Zn(II) and cyanide solutions as a function of pH (9.0-11.0). The rate-law for the oxidation of Zn(CN)(4)(2-) by Fe(VI) was found to be -d[Fe(VI)]/dt=k[Fe(VI)][Zn(CN)(4)(2-)](0.5). The rate constant, k, decreased with an increase in pH. The effect of temperature (15-45 degrees C) on the oxidation was studied at pH 9.0, which gave an activation energy of 45.7+/-1.5kJmol(-1). The cyanide oxidation rate decreased in the presence of the Zn(II) ions. However, Zn(II) ions had no effect on the cyanide removal efficiency by Fe(VI) and the stoichiometry of Fe(VI) to cyanide was approximately 1:1; similar to the stoichiometry in absence of Zn(II) ions. The destruction of cyanide by Fe(VI) resulted in cyanate. The experiments on removal of cyanide from rinse water using Fe(VI) demonstrated complete conversion of cyanide to cyanate.

Review of subcooled flow boiling critical heat flux (CHF) and its application to fusion energy system components part II: microconvective, experimental and correlational aspects

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Boyd, R.D.

This paper reviews the present understanding of critical heat flux (CHF) in subcooled flow boiling and outlines research directions which will permit the accommodation of higher heat fluxes. This survey, which covers the last 30 years, is concerned only with CHF in the subcooled flow boiling regime and unless otherwise noted, all references to CHF will be confined to that regime. This paper (Part II) summarizes microconvective, instability, experimental and correlational aspects of CHF. Section II covers microconvection and instabilities, section III covers representative experimental work, and section IV summarizes and compares selected CHF correlations. Section V documents previous flowmore » visualization work and section VI contains conclusions and recommendations concerning problem areas and suggested research directions essential to the HHFCDP, which involves extending steady state and transient CHF towards 30 kW/cm/sup 2/.« less

Chromium VI administration induces oxidative stress in hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland from male rats.

PubMed

Nudler, Silvana I; Quinteros, Fernanda A; Miler, Eliana A; Cabilla, Jimena P; Ronchetti, Sonia A; Duvilanski, Beatriz H

2009-03-28

Hexavalent chromium (Cr VI)-containing compounds are known carcinogens which are present in industrial settings and in the environment. The major route of chromium exposure for the general population is oral intake. Previously we have observed that Cr VI affects anterior pituitary secretion and causes oxidative stress in vitro. The aim of the present work was to investigate if in vivo Cr VI treatment (100 ppm of Cr VI in drinking water for up 30 days) causes oxidative stress in hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland from male rats. This treatment produced a 4-fold increase of chromium content in hypothalamus and 10-fold increase in anterior pituitary gland. Lipid peroxidation showed a significant increase in hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. Cr VI augmented superoxide dismutase activity in anterior pituitary gland and glutathione reductase activity in hypothalamus, but glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities remained unchanged in both tissues. Heme oxygenase-1 mRNA expression significantly rose in both tissues. Metallothionein 1 mRNA content increased in anterior pituitary and metallothionein 3 mRNA increased in hypothalamus. These results show, for the first time, that oral chronic administration of Cr VI produces oxidative stress on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland which may affect normal endocrine function.

a New ENDF/B-VII.0 Based Multigroup Cross-Section Library for Reactor Dosimetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alpan, F. A.; Anderson, S. L.

2009-08-01

The latest of the ENDF/B libraries, ENDF/B-VII.0 was released in December 2006. In this paper, the ENDF/B-VII.O evaluations were used in generating a new coupled neutron/gamma multigroup library having the same group structure of VITAMIN-B6, i.e., the 199-neutron, 42-gamma group library. The new library was generated utilizing NJOY99.259 for pre-processing and the AMPX modules for post-processing of cross sections. An ENDF/B-VI.3 based VITAMIN-B6-like library was also generated. The fine-group libraries and the ENDF/B-VI.3 based 47-neutron, 20-gamma group BUGLE-96 library were used with the discrete ordinates code DORT to obtain a three-dimensional synthesized flux distribution from r, r-θ, and r-z models for a standard Westinghouse 3-loop design reactor. Reaction rates were calculated for ex-vessel neutron dosimetry containing 63Cu(n,α)60Co, 46Ti(n,p)46Sc, 54Fe(n,P)54Mn, 58Ni(n,P)58Co, 238U(n,f)137Cs, 237Np(n,f)137Cs, and 59Co(n,γ)60Co (bare and cadmium covered) reactions. Results were compared to measurements. In comparing the 199-neutron, 42-gamma group ENDF/B-VI.3 and ENDF/B-VII.O libraries, it was observed that the ENDF/B-VI.3 based library results were in better agreement with measurements. There is a maximum difference of 7% (for the 63Cu(n,α)60Co reaction rate calculation) between ENDF/B-VI.3 and ENDF/B-VII.O. Differences between ENDF/B-VI.3 and ENDF/B-VII.O libraries are due to 16O, 1H, 90Zr, 91Zr, 92Zr, 238U, and 239Pu evaluations. Both ENDF/B-VI.3 and ENDF/B-VII.O library calculated reaction rates are within 20% of measurement and meet the criterion specified in the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulatory Guide 1.190, "Calculational and Dosimetry Methods for Determining Pressure Vessel Neutron Fluence."

Lack of collagen VI promotes neurodegeneration by impairing autophagy and inducing apoptosis during aging.

PubMed

Cescon, Matilde; Chen, Peiwen; Castagnaro, Silvia; Gregorio, Ilaria; Bonaldo, Paolo

2016-05-01

Collagen VI is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein with a broad distribution in different tissues and mostly deposited at the close periphery of the cell surface. Previous studies revealed that collagen VI protects neurons from the toxicity of amyloid-βpeptides and from UV-induced damage. However, the physiological role of this protein in the central nervous system (CNS) remains unknown. Here, we established primary neural cultures from murine cortex and hippocampus, and carried out in vitro and in vivo studies in wild-type and collagen VI null (Col6a1-/-) mice. Col6a1-/- neural cultures displayed an increased incidence of spontaneous apoptosis and higher vulnerability to oxidative stress, accompanied by altered regulation of autophagy with increased p62 protein levels and decreased LC3 lipidation. Analysis of brain sections confirmed increased apoptosis and abnormal regulation of autophagy in the CNS of collagen VI-deficient animals. To investigate the in vivo physiological consequences of these CNS defects, we carried out functional studies and found that motor and memory task performances were impaired in aged Col6a1-/-mice. These findings indicate that lack of collagen VI leads to spontaneous apoptosis and defective autophagy in neural cells, and point at a protective role for this ECM protein in the CNS during physiological aging.

Determination of hexavalent chromium in exhaled breath condensate and environmental air among chrome plating workers

PubMed Central

Goldoni, Matteo; Caglieri, Andrea; Poli, Diana; Vettori, Maria Vittoria; Corradi, Massimo; Apostoli, Pietro; Mutti, Antonio

2006-01-01

Chromium speciation has attracted attention because of the different toxicity of Cr(III), which is considered relatively non-toxic, and Cr(VI), which can cross cell membranes mainly as a chromate anion and has been classified as a class I human carcinogen. The aims of the present study were to measure soluble Cr(VI) levels in environmental samples, to develop a simple method of quantifying Cr(VI) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and to follow the kinetics of EBC Cr(VI) in chrome plating workers. Personal air samples were collected from 10 chrome platers; EBC was collected from the same workers immediately after the work shift on Tuesday and before the work shift on the following Wednesday. Environmental and EBC Cr(VI) levels were determined by means of colorimetry and electrothermal absorption atomic spectrometry, respectively. The method of detecting Cr(VI) in environmental air was based on the extraction of the Cr(VI)-diphenylcarbazide (Cr(VI)–DPC) complex in 1-butanol, whereas EBC Cr(VI) was determined using a solvent extraction of Cr(VI) as an ion pair with tetrabutylammonium ion, and subsequent direct determination of the complex (Cr(VI)–DPC) in EBC. Kinetic data showed that airborne Cr(VI) was reduced by 50% in airway lining fluid sampled at the end of exposure and that there was a further 50% reduction after about 15 h. The persistence of Cr(VI) in EBC supports the use of EBC in assessing target tissue levels of Cr(VI). PMID:17047732

Managing Information Technology: Facing the Issues. Track VI: Academic Computing Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

CAUSE, Boulder, CO.

Eight papers making up Track VI of the 1989 conference of the Professional Association for the Management of Information Technology in Higher Education (known as CAUSE, an acronym of the association's former name) are presented in this document. The focus of Track VI is on academic computing issues, and the papers include: "Loan-a-Mac: A…

A highly selective chemiluminescent probe for the detection of chromium(VI)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jin, Yan; Sun, Yonghua; Li, Chongying; Yang, Chao

2018-03-01

In present work, rhodamine B hydrazide and rhodamine 6G hydrazide were synthesized and the chemiluminescence performance has been investigated. Based on the chemiluminescence of rhodamine 6G hydrazide-chromium(VI), a selective and sensitive method for the direct detection of chromium(VI) was developed. The chemiluminescence intensity was linearly related to the concentration of chromium(VI) in the range of 2.60 × 10- 8-8.00 × 10- 6 mol/L with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.998 and a detection limit of 1.4 × 10- 8 mol/L (S/N = 3). The results indicated rhodamine 6G hydrazide was an excellent chemiluminescent probe for chromium(VI) without reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III). A possible mechanism of CL emission was also suggested.

Innovative Approach to Prevent Acid Drainage from Uranium Mill Tailings Based on the Application of Na-Ferrate (VI)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fernandes, H.M.; Reinhart, D.; Lettie, L.

2006-07-01

The operation of uranium mining and milling plants gives rise to huge amounts of wastes from both mining and milling operations. When pyrite is present in these materials, the generation of acid drainage can take place and result in the contamination of underground and surface waters through the leaching of heavy metals and radionuclides. To solve this problem, many studies have been conducted to find cost-effective solutions to manage acid mine drainage; however, no adequate strategy to deal with sulfide-ric h wastes is currently available. Ferrate (VI) is a powerful oxidizing agent in aqueous media. Under acidic conditions, the redoxmore » potential of the Ferrate (VI) ion is the highest of any other oxidant used in wastewater treatment processes. The standard half cell reduction potential of ferrate (VI) has been determined as +2.20 V to + 0.72 V in acidic and basic solutions, respectively. Ferrate (VI) exhibits a multitude of advantageous properties, including higher reactivity and selectivity than traditional oxidant alternatives, as well as disinfectant, flocculating, and coagulant properties. Despite numerous beneficial properties in environmental applications, ferrate (VI) has remained commercially unavailable. Starting in 1953, different methods for producing a high purity, powdered ferrate (VI) product were developed. However, producing this dry, stabilized ferrate (VI) product required numerous process steps which led to excessive synthesis costs (over $20/lb) thereby preventing bulk industrial use. Recently a novel synthesis method for the production of a liquid ferrate (VI) based on hypochlorite oxidation of ferric ion in strongly alkaline solutions has been discovered (USPTO 6,790,428; September 14, 2004). This on-site synthesis process dramatically reduces manufacturing cost for the production of ferrate (VI) by utilizing common commodity feedstocks. This breakthrough means that for the first time ferrate (VI) can be an economical alternative to treating acid mining drainage generating materials. The objective of the present study was to investigate a methodology of preventing the generation of acid drainage by applying ferrate (VI) to acid generating materials prior to the disposal in impoundments or piles. Oxidizing the pyritic material in mining waste could diminish the potential for acid generation and its related environmental risks and long-term costs at disposal sites. The effectiveness of toxic metals removal from acid mine drainage by applying ferrate (VI) is also examined. Preliminary results presented in this paper show that the oxidation of pyrite by ferrate is a first-order rate reaction in Fe(VI) with a half-life of about six hours. The stability of Fe(VI) in water solutions will not influence the reaction rate in a significant manner. New low-cost production methods for making liquid ferrate on-site makes this technology a very attractive option to mitigate one of the most pressing environmental problems in the mining industry. (authors)« less

Occurrence of hexavalent chromium in ground water in the western Mojave Desert, California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ball, J.W.; Izbicki, J.A.

2004-01-01

About 200 samples from selected public supply, domestic, and observation wells completed in alluvial aquifers underlying the western Mojave Desert were analyzed for total dissolved Cr and Cr(VI). Because Cr(VI) is difficult to preserve, samples were analyzed by 3 methods. Chromium(VI) was determined in the field using both a direct colorimetric method and EPA method 218.6, and samples were speciated in the field for later analysis in the laboratory using a cation-exchange method developed for the study described in this paper. Comparison of the direct colorimetric method and EPA method 218.6 with the new cation-exchange method yielded r2 values of 0.9991 and 0.9992, respectively. Total dissolved Cr concentrations ranged from less than the 0.1 ??g/l detection limit to 60 ??g/l, and almost all the Cr present was Cr(VI). Near recharge areas along the mountain front pH values were near neutral, dissolved O2 concentrations were near saturation, and Cr(VI) concentrations were less than the 0.1 ??g/l detection limit. Chromium(VI) concentrations and pH values increased downgradient as long as dissolved O 2 was present. However, low Cr(VI) concentrations were associated with low dissolved O2 concentrations near ground-water discharge areas along dry lakes. Chromium(VI) concentrations as high as 60 ??g/l occurred in ground water from the Sheep Creek fan alluvial deposits weathered from mafic rock derived from the San Gabriel Mountains, and Cr(VI) concentrations as high as about 36 ??g/l were present in ground water from alluvial deposits weathered from less mafic granitic, metamorphic, and volcanic rocks. Chromium(III) was the predominant form of Cr only in areas where dissolved O2 concentrations were less than 1 mg/l and was detected at a median concentration of 0.1 ??g/l, owing to its low solubility in water of near-neutral pH. Depending on local hydrogeologic conditions and the distribution of dissolved O2, Cr(VI) concentrations may vary considerably with depth. Samples collected under pumping conditions from different depths within wells show that Cr(VI) concentrations can range from less than the 0.1 ??g/l detection limit to 36 ??g/l in a single well and that dissolved O2 concentrations likely control the concentration and redox speciation of Cr in ground water.

76 FR 35930 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-20

... Proposed Rule Change To Adopt a Market Order Spread Protection Feature June 14, 2011. Pursuant to Section... Market (``NOM'') to amend Chapter VI, Trading Systems, Section 1, Definitions, to adopt a Market Order...

The O VI Mystery: Mismatch between X-Ray and UV Column Densities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mathur, S.; Nicastro, F.; Gupta, A.; Krongold, Y.; McLaughlin, B. M.; Brickhouse, N.; Pradhan, A.

2017-12-01

The UV spectra of Galactic and extragalactic sightlines often show O VI absorption lines at a range of redshifts, and from a variety of sources from the Galactic circumgalactic medium to active galactic nuclei (AGN) outflows. Inner shell O VI absorption is also observed in X-ray spectra (at λ =22.03 Å), but the column density inferred from the X-ray line was consistently larger than that from the UV line. Here we present a solution to this discrepancy for the z = 0 systems. The O II Kβ line {}4{S}0\\to {(}3D)3{p}4P at 562.40 eV (≡22.04 Å) is blended with the O VI Kα line in X-ray spectra. We estimate the strength of this O II line in two different ways, and show that in most cases the O II line accounts for the entire blended line. The small amount of O VI equivalent width present in some cases has column density entirely consistent with the UV value. This solution to the O VI discrepancy, however, does not apply to high column-density systems like AGN outflows. We discuss other possible causes to explain their UV/X-ray mismatch. The O VI and O II lines will be resolved by gratings on board the proposed mission Arcus and the concept mission Lynx, and would allow the detection of weak O VI lines not just at z = 0, but also at higher redshift.

Enhanced performance of hexavalent chromium reducing cathodes in the presence of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and lactate.

PubMed

Xafenias, Nikolaos; Zhang, Yue; Banks, Charles J

2013-05-07

Biocathodes for the reduction of the highly toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) were investigated using Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (MR-1) as a biocatalyst and performance was assessed in terms of current production and Cr(VI) reduction. Potentiostatically controlled experiments (-500 mV vs Ag/AgCl) showed that a mediatorless MR-1 biocathode started up under aerated conditions in the presence of lactate, received 5.5 and 1.7 times more electrons for Cr(VI) reduction over a 4 h operating period than controls without lactate and with lactate but without MR-1, respectively. Cr(VI) reduction was also enhanced, with a decrease in concentration over the 4 h operating period of 9 mg/L Cr(VI), compared to only 1 and 3 mg/L, respectively, in the controls. Riboflavin, an electron shuttle mediator naturally produced by MR-1, was also found to have a positive impact in potentiostatically controlled cathodes. Additionally, a microbial fuel cell (MFC) with MR-1 and lactate present in both anode and cathode produced a maximum current density of 32.5 mA/m(2) (1000 Ω external load) after receiving a 10 mg/L Cr(VI) addition in the cathode, and cathodic efficiency increased steadily over an 8 day operation period with successive Cr(VI) additions. In conclusion, effective and continuous Cr(VI) reduction with associated current production were achieved when MR-1 and lactate were both present in the biocathodes.

Diffusive parameters of tritiated water and uranium in chalk

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Descostes, M.; UMR 8587 CEA, Universite d'Evry, CNRS,; Pili, E.

2012-07-15

The Cretaceous Chalk of North-western Europe exhibits a double porosity (matrix and fracture) providing pathways for both slow and rapid flow of water. The present study aims at understanding and predicting the contaminant transfer properties through a significant section of this formation, with a particular emphasis on diffusion. This requires to study the nature of porosity and to perform diffusion experiments in representative samples using uranium and tritiated water (HTO), respectively taken as a reactive tracer and an inert one. The diffusive parameters, i.e. the accessible porosity and the effective diffusion coefficient were determined. Additional information was obtained with mercurymore » porosimetry, gravimetric water content, textural and mineralogical characterization. The diffusion tests performed with HTO appear to be the best method to measure the total accessible porosity in any type of porous media, especially those having large pore size distributions. Our study demonstrates that classical gravimetric water content measurements are not sensitive to the reduction in pore size as opposed to HTO diffusion tests because capillary water is not extracted by conventional gravimetric method but can still be probed by diffusion experiments. We found effective diffusion coefficients D{sub e}(U(VI)) near 4 x 10{sup -10} m{sup 2}s{sup -1}). The slower migration of U(VI) compared to HTO indicates sorption, with R{sub d}(U(VI)) from 100 to 360 mL g{sup -1}. These values are one order of magnitude larger than other determinations of the U(VI) sorption coefficient because only the matrix porosity is concerned here. The migration of U(VI) in chalk is only limited by sorption on ancillary Fe-Pb-bearing minerals. Transport of HTO and U(VI) is independent of the porosity distribution. Uranium diffusion in the chalk matrix porosity is fast enough to allow the total invasion of the pore space within characteristic time scales of the order of 1000 years. This results in a partitioning of uranium velocities in fracture flow and matrix flow proportionally to the respective fracture and matrix porosities. (authors)« less

The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. BVI Maps of Dense Stellar Regions. III. The Galactic Bulge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Udalski, A.; Szymanski, M.; Kubiak, M.; Pietrzynski, G.; Soszynski, I.; Wozniak, P.; Zebrun, K.; Szewczyk, O.; Wyrzykowski, L.

2002-09-01

We present the VI photometric maps of the Galactic bulge. They contain VI photometry and astrometry of about 30 million stars from 49 fields of 0.225 square degree each in the Galactic center region. The data were collected during the second phase of the OGLE microlensing project. We discuss the accuracy of data and present color-magnitude diagrams of selected fields observed by OGLE in the Galactic bulge. The VI maps of the Galactic bulge are accessible electronically for the astronomical community from the OGLE Internet archive.

14 CFR 1250.110 - Judicial review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Judicial review. 1250.110 Section 1250.110... PROGRAMS OF NASA-EFFECTUATION OF TITLE VI OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 § 1250.110 Judicial review. Action taken pursuant to section 602 of the Act is subject to judicial review as provided in section 603...

40 CFR 53.43 - Test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...-sectional area of the test section of the wind tunnel. The mean wind speed in the test section must be... into the wind tunnel and allow the particle concentration to stabilize. (vi) Install an array of five or more evenly spaced isokinetic samplers in the sampling zone (see § 53.42(d)) of the wind tunnel...

40 CFR 53.43 - Test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...-sectional area of the test section of the wind tunnel. The mean wind speed in the test section must be... into the wind tunnel and allow the particle concentration to stabilize. (vi) Install an array of five or more evenly spaced isokinetic samplers in the sampling zone (see § 53.42(d)) of the wind tunnel...

Bacterial reduction of Cr(VI) at technical scale--the Malaysian experience.

PubMed

Zakaria, Zainul Akmar; Ahmad, Wan Azlina; Zakaria, Zainoha; Razali, Firdausi; Karim, Norsuhada Abdul; Sum, Mohamad Md; Sidek, Mohd Saufi Mohd

2012-07-01

The bacterial reduction of Cr(VI) from industrial wastewater was evaluated using a 2.0-m(3) bioreactor. Liquid pineapple waste was used as a nutrient for the biofilm community formed inside the bioreactor. The use of rubber wood sawdust as packing material was able to immobilize more than 10(6) CFU mL(-1) of Acinetobacter haemolyticus cells after 3 days of contact time. Complete reduction of 15-240 mg L(-1) of Cr(VI) was achieved even after 3 months of bioreactor operation. Cr(VI) was not detected in the final effluent fraction indicating complete removal of Cr from solution from the flocculation/coagulation step and the unlikely re-oxidation of Cr(III) into Cr(VI). Impatiens balsamina L. and Gomphrena globosa L. showed better growth in the presence of soil-sludge mixture compared to Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Significant amounts of Cr accumulated at different sections of the plants indicate its potential application in Cr phytoremediation effort. The bacterial-based system was also determined not to be detrimental to human health based on the low levels of Cr detected in the hair and nail samples of the plant operators. Thus, it can be said that bacterial-based Cr(VI) treatment system is a feasible alternative to the conventional system especially for lower Cr(VI) concentrations, where sludge generated can be used as growth supplement for ornamental plant as well as not detrimental to the health of the workers.

A Scalable Cyberinfrastructure for Interactive Visualization of Terascale Microscopy Data

PubMed Central

Venkat, A.; Christensen, C.; Gyulassy, A.; Summa, B.; Federer, F.; Angelucci, A.; Pascucci, V.

2017-01-01

The goal of the recently emerged field of connectomics is to generate a wiring diagram of the brain at different scales. To identify brain circuitry, neuroscientists use specialized microscopes to perform multichannel imaging of labeled neurons at a very high resolution. CLARITY tissue clearing allows imaging labeled circuits through entire tissue blocks, without the need for tissue sectioning and section-to-section alignment. Imaging the large and complex non-human primate brain with sufficient resolution to identify and disambiguate between axons, in particular, produces massive data, creating great computational challenges to the study of neural circuits. Researchers require novel software capabilities for compiling, stitching, and visualizing large imagery. In this work, we detail the image acquisition process and a hierarchical streaming platform, ViSUS, that enables interactive visualization of these massive multi-volume datasets using a standard desktop computer. The ViSUS visualization framework has previously been shown to be suitable for 3D combustion simulation, climate simulation and visualization of large scale panoramic images. The platform is organized around a hierarchical cache oblivious data layout, called the IDX file format, which enables interactive visualization and exploration in ViSUS, scaling to the largest 3D images. In this paper we showcase the VISUS framework used in an interactive setting with the microscopy data. PMID:28638896

A Scalable Cyberinfrastructure for Interactive Visualization of Terascale Microscopy Data.

PubMed

Venkat, A; Christensen, C; Gyulassy, A; Summa, B; Federer, F; Angelucci, A; Pascucci, V

2016-08-01

The goal of the recently emerged field of connectomics is to generate a wiring diagram of the brain at different scales. To identify brain circuitry, neuroscientists use specialized microscopes to perform multichannel imaging of labeled neurons at a very high resolution. CLARITY tissue clearing allows imaging labeled circuits through entire tissue blocks, without the need for tissue sectioning and section-to-section alignment. Imaging the large and complex non-human primate brain with sufficient resolution to identify and disambiguate between axons, in particular, produces massive data, creating great computational challenges to the study of neural circuits. Researchers require novel software capabilities for compiling, stitching, and visualizing large imagery. In this work, we detail the image acquisition process and a hierarchical streaming platform, ViSUS, that enables interactive visualization of these massive multi-volume datasets using a standard desktop computer. The ViSUS visualization framework has previously been shown to be suitable for 3D combustion simulation, climate simulation and visualization of large scale panoramic images. The platform is organized around a hierarchical cache oblivious data layout, called the IDX file format, which enables interactive visualization and exploration in ViSUS, scaling to the largest 3D images. In this paper we showcase the VISUS framework used in an interactive setting with the microscopy data.

Effects of citrate on hexavalent chromium reduction by structural Fe(II) in nontronite

DOE PAGES

Liu, Xiaolei; Dong, Hailiang; Yang, Xuewei; ...

2017-09-23

Previous studies have shown that organic ligands could influence Cr(VI) reduction by aqueous Fe 2+ and pyrite. In this study, the effects of citrate on Cr(VI) reduction by structural Fe(II) in nontronite (NAu-2) were investigated at pH 6. Our results showed that the presence of citrate decreased the rate but increased the amount of Cr(VI) reduction. The decreased rate was likely due to competitive sorption of citrate and anionic dichromate (Cr 2O 7–) to NAu-2 surface sites, because sorption of dichromate appeared to be the first step for subsequent Cr(VI) reduction. The increased amount of Cr(VI) reduction was likely becausemore » citrate served as an additional electron donor to reduce Cr(VI) through ligand-metal electron transfer in the presence of soluble Fe 3+, which was possibly derived from dissolution of reduced NAu-2. Soluble Cr(III)-citrate complex was a possible form of reduced Cr(VI) when citrate was present. Without citrate, nanometer-sized Cr 2O 3 particles were the product of Cr(VI) reduction. In conclusion, our study highlights the importance of citrate on Cr(VI) reduction and immobilization when iron-rich smectite is applied to treat Cr(VI) contaminant in organic carbon rich environments.« less

Long Endurance Underwater Power System

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-09-01

Figures 7.3 through 7.8. Data analysis was done using the Excel spreadsheet program on an IBM compatible computer -w.d utsported to a MALcintosh for...shall be compared with data obtained from non-leaking gill carridges for a mor complete analysis . 4) The pump attached to the test setup was not...BACKGROUND 5 V. ANALYSIS 6 VI. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 6 )Preferred Method 7 VI. REFERENCES 11 App- nd.x-.1 12 SECTION - II ALWATT HY.HG•N GENERATOR I

The Role of Linguistics and Linguistic Analysis in Programs under Title VI of the National Defense Education Act of 1958: A Statement by the Committee on Language Programs, American Council of Learned Societies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carroll, John B.; And Others

Concentrating on five ways in which foreign language teaching can be aided by linguistic science, the Committee on Language Programs, established by the American Council of Learned Societies, expresses its support of the National Defense Education Act of 1958, Title VI; and the Language Development Section of the Department of Health, Education,…

Forensic investigation of a chromium(VI) groundwater plume in Thiva, Greece.

PubMed

Panagiotakis, I; Dermatas, D; Vatseris, C; Chrysochoou, M; Papassiopi, N; Xenidis, A; Vaxevanidou, K

2015-01-08

A forensic investigation was conducted with the aim of decoupling the contribution of geogenic and anthropogenic Cr(VI) sources in the wider area of Thiva. Groundwater and topsoil samples were collected from two Cr(VI) groundwater plumes of 160 μg/L and 75 μg/L. A series of evidence support the view that the origin of Cr(VI) detected in groundwater is mainly geogenic. These are: (a) the presence of Cr in topsoil of the wider area, (b) the moderate Cr(VI) groundwater concentrations, (c) the high Ni levels within the Cr(VI) plumes, (d) the predominance of Mn(IV), which is a prerequisite for Cr(III) oxidation to Cr(VI), and (e) the absence of co-contaminants. The present study also revealed that, although both Cr(VI) plumes are clearly of geogenic origin, the plume with the elevated Cr(VI) values, in the north of Thiva town, exhibits also an anthropogenic component, which can potentially be attributed to the alkaline environment associated with the old uncontrolled landfill of Thiva and the industrial cluster located in this area. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

On the Stark broadening of Cr VI spectral lines in astrophysical plasma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dimitrijević, M. S.; Simić, Z.; Sahal-Bréchot, S.

2017-02-01

Stark broadening parameters for Cr VI lines have been calculated using semiclassical perturbation method for conditions of interest for stellar plasma. Here are presented, as an example of obtained results, Stark broadening parameters for electron- and proton-impact broadening for Cr VI 4s 2S-4p 2P° λ = 1430 Å and Cr VI 4p 2P°-5s 2S λ = 611.8 Å multiplets. The obtained results are used to demonstrate the importance of Stark broadening of Cr VI in DO white dwarf atmospheres. Also the obtained results will enter in STARK-B database which is included in Virtual Atomic and Molecula Data Center - VAMDC.

Environmental Presence of Hexavalent but Not Trivalent Chromium Causes Neurotoxicity in Exposed Drosophila melanogaster.

PubMed

Singh, Pallavi; Chowdhuri, D Kar

2017-07-01

A number of environmental chemicals are known to cause neurotoxicity to exposed organisms. Chromium (Cr), one of the major elements in earth's crust, is a priority environmental chemical depending on its valence state, and limited information is available on its neurotoxic potential. We, therefore, explored the neurotoxic potential of environmentally present trivalent- (Cr(III)) and hexavalent-Cr (Cr(VI)) on tested brain cell types in a genetically tractable organism Drosophila melanogaster along with its organismal response. Third instar larvae of w 1118 were fed environmentally relevant concentrations (5.0-20.0 μg/ml) of Cr(III)- or Cr(VI)-salt-mixed food for 24 and 48 h, and their exposure effects were examined in different brain cells of exposed organism. A significant reduction in the number of neuronal cells was observed in organism that were fed Cr(VI)- but not Cr(III)-salt-mixed food. Interestingly, glial cells were not affected by Cr(III) or Cr(VI) exposure. The tested cholinergic and dopaminergic neuronal cells were affected by Cr(VI) only with the later by 20.0 μg/ml Cr(VI) exposure after 48 h. The locomotor activity was significantly affected by Cr(VI) in exposed organism. Concomitantly, a significant increase in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) coupled with increased oxidative stress led to apoptotic cell death in the tested brain cells of Cr(VI)-exposed Drosophila, which were reversed by vitamin C supplementation. Conclusively, the present study provides evidence of environmental Cr(VI)-induced adversities on the brain of exposed Drosophila along with behavioral deficit which would likely to have relevance in humans and recommends Drosophila as a model for neurotoxicity.

Prevalence of visual impairment due to uncorrected refractive error: Results from Delhi-Rapid Assessment of Visual Impairment Study.

PubMed

Senjam, Suraj Singh; Vashist, Praveen; Gupta, Noopur; Malhotra, Sumit; Misra, Vasundhara; Bhardwaj, Amit; Gupta, Vivek

2016-05-01

To estimate the prevalence of visual impairment (VI) due to uncorrected refractive error (URE) and to assess the barriers to utilization of services in the adult urban population of Delhi. A population-based rapid assessment of VI was conducted among people aged 40 years and above in 24 randomly selected clusters of East Delhi district. Presenting visual acuity (PVA) was assessed in each eye using Snellen's "E" chart. Pinhole examination was done if PVA was <20/60 in either eye and ocular examination to ascertain the cause of VI. Barriers to utilization of services for refractive error were recorded with questionnaires. Of 2421 individuals enumerated, 2331 (96%) individuals were examined. Females were 50.7% among them. The mean age of all examined subjects was 51.32 ± 10.5 years (standard deviation). VI in either eye due to URE was present in 275 individuals (11.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.5-13.1). URE was identified as the most common cause (53.4%) of VI. The overall prevalence of VI due to URE in the study population was 6.1% (95% CI: 5.1-7.0). The elder population as well as females were more likely to have VI due to URE (odds ratio [OR] = 12.3; P < 0.001 and OR = 1.5; P < 0.02). Lack of felt need was the most common reported barrier (31.5%). The prevalence of VI due to URE among the urban adult population of Delhi is still high despite the availability of abundant eye care facilities. The majority of reported barriers are related to human behavior and attitude toward the refractive error. Understanding these aspects will help in planning appropriate strategies to eliminate VI due to URE.

Standardization of Protocol for the Sampling, Testing and abatement of Asbestos Containing Joint Compound

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-09-01

vi A b stract...5-2 Proposed Decision Tree for ACJC Abatement Activities 5-10 Vi AFIT/GEE/ENV/94S-23 ABSTRACT This study investigated the differing regulatory...specific amount. According to 29 CFR 1910.58(k)(2)( vi )(B), labeling provisions do not apply unless asbestos is present in a product in concentrations

Oxidative degradation of triazine- and sulfonylurea-based herbicides using Fe(VI): The case study of atrazine and iodosulfuron with kinetics and degradation products

EPA Science Inventory

The occurrence of common herbicides (Atrazine, ATZ and Iodosufuron, IDS), in waters presents potential risk to human and ecological health. The oxidative degradation of ATZ and IDS by ferrate(VI) (FeVIO42-, Fe(VI)) is studied at different pH levels where kinetically observed se...

Rapid Assessment of Visual Impairment in Urban Population of Delhi, India

PubMed Central

Gupta, Noopur; Vashist, Praveen; Malhotra, Sumit; Senjam, Suraj Singh; Misra, Vasundhara; Bhardwaj, Amit

2015-01-01

Purpose To determine the prevalence, causes and associated demographic factors related to visual impairment amongst the urban population of New Delhi, India. Methods A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in East Delhi district using cluster random sampling methodology. This Rapid Assessment of Visual Impairment (RAVI) survey involved examination of all individuals aged 40 years and above in 24 randomly selected clusters of the district. Visual acuity (VA) assessment and comprehensive ocular examination were done during the door-to-door survey. A questionnaire was used to collect personal and demographic information of the study population. Blindness and Visual Impairment was defined as presenting VA <3/60and <6/18 in the better eye, respectively. Descriptive statistics were computed along with multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine associated factors for visual impairment. Results Of 2421 subjects enumerated, 2331 (96.3%) were available for ophthalmic examination. Among those examined, 49.3% were males. The prevalence of visual impairment (VI) in the study population, was 11.4% (95% C.I. 10.1, 12.7) and that of blindness was 1.2% (95% C.I. 0.8, 1.6). Uncorrected refractive error was the leading cause of VI accounting for 53.4% of all VI followed by cataract (33.8%). With multivariable logistic regression, the odds of having VI increased with age (OR= 24.6[95% C.I.: 14.9, 40.7]; p<0.001). Illiterate participants were more likely to have VI [OR= 1.5 (95% C.I.: 1.1,2.1)] when compared to educated participants. Conclusions The first implementation of the RAVI methodology in a North Indian population revealed that the burden of visual impairment is considerable in this region despite availability of adequate eye care facilities. Awareness generation and simple interventions like cataract surgery and provision of spectacles will help to eliminate the major causes of blindness and visual impairment in this region. PMID:25915659

Rapid assessment of visual impairment in urban population of Delhi, India.

PubMed

Gupta, Noopur; Vashist, Praveen; Malhotra, Sumit; Senjam, Suraj Singh; Misra, Vasundhara; Bhardwaj, Amit

2015-01-01

To determine the prevalence, causes and associated demographic factors related to visual impairment amongst the urban population of New Delhi, India. A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in East Delhi district using cluster random sampling methodology. This Rapid Assessment of Visual Impairment (RAVI) survey involved examination of all individuals aged 40 years and above in 24 randomly selected clusters of the district. Visual acuity (VA) assessment and comprehensive ocular examination were done during the door-to-door survey. A questionnaire was used to collect personal and demographic information of the study population. Blindness and Visual Impairment was defined as presenting VA < 3/60 and < 6/18 in the better eye, respectively. Descriptive statistics were computed along with multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine associated factors for visual impairment. Of 2421 subjects enumerated, 2331 (96.3%) were available for ophthalmic examination. Among those examined, 49.3% were males. The prevalence of visual impairment (VI) in the study population, was 11.4% (95% C.I. 10.1, 12.7) and that of blindness was 1.2% (95% C.I. 0.8, 1.6). Uncorrected refractive error was the leading cause of VI accounting for 53.4% of all VI followed by cataract (33.8%). With multivariable logistic regression, the odds of having VI increased with age (OR = 24.6[95% C.I.: 14.9, 40.7]; p < 0.001). Illiterate participants were more likely to have VI [OR = 1.5 (95% C.I.: 1.1,2.1)] when compared to educated participants. The first implementation of the RAVI methodology in a North Indian population revealed that the burden of visual impairment is considerable in this region despite availability of adequate eye care facilities. Awareness generation and simple interventions like cataract surgery and provision of spectacles will help to eliminate the major causes of blindness and visual impairment in this region.

Visual impairment, uncorrected refractive error, and accelerometer-defined physical activity in the United States.

PubMed

Willis, Jeffrey R; Jefferys, Joan L; Vitale, Susan; Ramulu, Pradeep Y

2012-03-01

To examine how accelerometer-measured physical activity is affected by visual impairment (VI) and uncorrected refractive error (URE). Cross-sectional study using data from the 2003-2004/2005-2006 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Visual impairment was defined as better-eye postrefraction visual acuity worse than 20/40. Uncorrected refractive error was defined as better-eye presenting visual acuity of 20/50 or worse, improving to 20/40 or better with refraction. Adults older than 20 years with normal sight, URE, and VI were analyzed. The main outcome measures were steps per day and daily minutes of moderate or vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Five thousand seven hundred twenty-two participants (57.1%) had complete visual acuity and accelerometer data. Individuals with normal sight took an average of 9964 steps per day and engaged in an average of 23.5 minutes per day of MVPA, as compared with 9742 steps per day and 23.1 minutes per day of MVPA in individuals with URE (P > .50 for both) and 5992 steps per day and 9.3 minutes/d of MVPA in individuals with VI (P < .01 for both). In multivariable models, individuals with VI took 26% fewer steps per day (P < .01; 95% CI, 18%-34%) and spent 48% less time in MVPA (P < .01; 95% CI, 37%-57%) than individuals with normal sight. The decrement in steps and MVPA associated with VI equaled or exceeded that associated with self-reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, stroke, or congestive heart failure. Visual impairment, but not URE, impacts physical activity equal to or greater than other serious medical conditions. The substantial decrement in physical activity observed in nonrefractive vision loss highlights a need for better strategies to safely improve mobility and increase physical activity in this group.

Inhibition of COX-2 and PGE2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells by lonimacranthoide VI, a chlorogenic acid ester saponin

PubMed Central

GUAN, FUQIN; WANG, HAITING; SHAN, YU; CHEN, YU; WANG, MING; WANG, QIZHI; YIN, MIN; ZHAO, YOUYI; FENG, XU; ZHANG, JIANHUA

2014-01-01

Lonimacranthoide VI, first isolated from the flower buds of Lonicera macranthoides in our previous study, is a rare chlorogenic acid ester acylated at C-23 of hederagenin. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects of lonimacranthoide VI were studied. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced an inflammatory response through the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and these levels were reduced when lonimacranthoide VI was pre-administered. Additionally, the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effects of lonimacranthoide VI was investigated by measuring cyclooxygenase (COX) activity and mRNA expression. The results showed that lonimacranthoide VI inhibited mRNA expression and in vitro activity of COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner, whereas only the higher lonimacranthoide VI concentration possibly reduced COX-1 expression and in vitro activity. Taken together, these results indicate that lonimacranthoide VI is an important anti-inflammatory constituent of Lonicera macranthoides and that the anti-inflammatory effect is attributed to the inhibition of PGE2 production through COX activity and mRNA expression. PMID:25054024

Influenza and other respiratory viruses: standardizing disease severity in surveillance and clinical trials.

PubMed

Rath, Barbara; Conrad, Tim; Myles, Puja; Alchikh, Maren; Ma, Xiaolin; Hoppe, Christian; Tief, Franziska; Chen, Xi; Obermeier, Patrick; Kisler, Bron; Schweiger, Brunhilde

2017-06-01

Influenza-Like Illness is a leading cause of hospitalization in children. Disease burden due to influenza and other respiratory viral infections is reported on a population level, but clinical scores measuring individual changes in disease severity are urgently needed. Areas covered: We present a composite clinical score allowing individual patient data analyses of disease severity based on systematic literature review and WHO-criteria for uncomplicated and complicated disease. The 22-item ViVI Disease Severity Score showed a normal distribution in a pediatric cohort of 6073 children aged 0-18 years (mean age 3.13; S.D. 3.89; range: 0 to 18.79). Expert commentary: The ViVI Score was correlated with risk of antibiotic use as well as need for hospitalization and intensive care. The ViVI Score was used to track children with influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, human rhinovirus, and adenovirus infections and is fully compliant with regulatory data standards. The ViVI Disease Severity Score mobile application allows physicians to measure disease severity at the point-of care thereby taking clinical trials to the next level.

Oral Chromium Exposure and Toxicity

PubMed Central

Sun, Hong; Brocato, Jason

2015-01-01

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a known carcinogen when inhaled. However, inhalational exposure to Cr(VI) affects only a small portion of the population, mainly by occupational exposures. In contrast, oral exposure to Cr(VI) is widespread and affects many people throughout the globe. In 2008, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) released a 2-year study demonstrating that ingested Cr(VI) was carcinogenic in rats and mice. The effects of Cr(VI) oral exposure is mitigated by reduction in the gut, however a portion evades the reductive detoxification and reaches target tissues. Once Cr(VI) enters the cell, it ultimately gets reduced to Cr(III), which mediates its toxicity via induction of oxidative stress during the reduction while Cr intermediates react with protein and DNA. Cr(III) can form adducts with DNA that may lead to mutations. This review will discuss the potential adverse effects of oral exposure to Cr(VI) by presenting up-to-date human and animal studies, examining the underlying mechanisms that mediate Cr(VI) toxicity, as well as highlighting opportunities for future research. PMID:26231506

Adsorption isotherm studies of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions using sol-gel hydrotalcite-like compounds.

PubMed

Ramos-Ramírez, Esthela; Ortega, Norma L Gutiérrez; Soto, Cesar A Contreras; Gutiérrez, Maria T Olguín

2009-12-30

In under-developed countries, industries such as paint and pigment manufacturing, leather tanning, chrome plating and textile processing, usually discharge effluents containing Cr(VI) and Cr(III) into municipal sanitary sewers. It has been reported that Cr(VI) acts as a powerful epithelial irritant and as a human carcinogen. In the present work, hydrotalcite-like compounds with a Mg/Al ratio=2 were synthesized by the sol-gel method. The hydrotalcite-like compounds and their corresponding thermally treated products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and N(2) adsorption. The hydrotalcite-like compounds and the heated solids were used as adsorbents for Cr(VI) in aqueous solutions. Adsorption isotherm studies of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution are described. The adsorbent capacity was determined using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherm models. The Cr(VI) adsorption isotherm data fit best to the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum Cr(VI) uptake by hydrotalcite and the heated solids was determined using the Langmuir equation and was found to range between 26 and 29 mg Cr(VI)/g adsorbent.

Preface - BraMat 2017

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Munteanu, Daniel

2018-04-01

The main goal of the BraMat 2017 Conference was, as for the previous editions, to stimulate an international exchange of information in the field of materials science and engineering and to establish future research directions. The main topics of this edition included: ​Metallic materials (Section I), Biomaterials (Section II), Ceramics, polymers and composite materials (Section III), Surface engineering (Section IV), Nanomaterials (Section V), Welding engineering (Section VI), Safety engineering (Section VII), and Magnesium science and engineering (Section VIII).

Hexavalent chromium adsorption from aqueous solution using carbon nano-onions (CNOs).

PubMed

Sakulthaew, Chainarong; Chokejaroenrat, Chanat; Poapolathep, Amnart; Satapanajaru, Tunlawit; Poapolathep, Saranya

2017-10-01

The capacity of carbon nano-onions (CNOs) to remove hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solution was investigated. Batch experiments were performed to quantify the effects of the dosage rate, pH, counter ions, and temperature. The adsorption of Cr(VI) onto CNOs was best described by a pseudo-second order rate expression. The adsorption efficiency increased with increasing adsorbent dosage and contact time and reached equilibrium in 24 h. The equilibrium data showed better compliance with a Langmuir isotherm than a Freundlich isotherm. Effective removal of Cr(VI) was demonstrated at pH values ranging from 2 to 10. The adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) was found to be highest (82%) at pH 3.4 and greatly depended on the solution pH. We found that Cr(VI) adsorption decreased with increasing pH over the pH range of 3.4-10. The adsorption capacity increased dramatically when the temperature increased from 10 °C to 50 °C regardless of the amount of CNOs used. Cr(VI) removal decreased by ∼13% when Zn(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II) were present, while there were no significant changes observed when NO 3 - or SO 4 2- was present. The overall results support that CNOs can be used as an alternative adsorbent material to remove Cr(VI) in the water treatment industry. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Efficacy of a novel chelator BPCBG for removing uranium and protecting against uranium-induced renal cell damage in rats and HK-2 cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bao, Yizhong; Wang, Dan; Li, Zhiming

2013-05-15

Chelation therapy is a known effective method to increase the excretion of U(VI) from the body. Until now, no any uranium chelator has been approved for emergency medical use worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of new ligand BPCBG containing two catechol groups and two aminocarboxylic acid groups in decorporation of U(VI) and protection against acute U(VI) nephrotoxicity in rats, and further explored the detoxification mechanism of BPCBG for U(VI)-induced nephrotoxicity in HK-2 cells with comparison to DTPA-CaNa{sub 3}. Chelating agents were administered at various times before or after injections of U(VI) in rats. The U(VI) levelsmore » in urine, kidneys and femurs were measured 24 h after U(VI) injections. Histopathological changes in the kidney and serum urea and creatinine and urine protein were examined. After treatment of U(VI)-exposed HK-2 cells with chelating agent, the intracellular U(VI) contents, formation of micronuclei, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed. It was found that prompt, advanced or delayed injections of BPCBG effectively increased 24 h-urinary U(VI) excretion and decreased the levels of U(VI) in kidney and bone. Meanwhile, BPCBG injection obviously reduced the severity of the U(VI)-induced histological alterations in the kidney, which was in parallel with the amelioration noted in serum indicators, urea and creatinine, and urine protein of U(VI) nephrotoxicity. In U(VI)-exposed HK-2 cells, immediate and delayed treatment with BPCBG significantly decreased the formation of micronuclei and LDH release by inhibiting the cellular U(VI) intake, promoting the intracellular U(VI) release and inhibiting the production of intracellular ROS. Our data suggest that BPCBG is a novel bi-functional U(VI) decorporation agent with a better efficacy than DTPA-CaNa{sub 3}. - Highlights: ► BPCBG accelerated the urine U(VI) excretion and reduced the tissues U(VI) in rats. ► BPCBG can effectively protect against the U(VI)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. ► BPCBG increased the U(VI) release and reduced the U(VI) uptake in HK-2 cells. ► BPCBG decreased the U(VI)-induced MN formation and LDH release in HK-2 cells. ► BPCBG eliminated the U(VI)-induced intracellular ROS in HK-2 cells.« less

Preparation of carbon coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles for magnetic separation of uranium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xiaofei; Wang, Jun

2018-01-01

Uranium(VI) was removed from aqueous solutions using carbon coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@C). Batch experiments were conducted to study the effects of initial pH, shaking time and temperature on uranium sorption efficiency. It was found that the maximum adsorption capacity of the Fe3O4@C toward uranium(VI) was ∼120.20 mg g-1 when the initial uranium(VI) concentration was 100 mg L-1, displaying a high efficiency for the removal of uranium(VI) ions. Kinetics of the uranium(VI) removal is found to follow pseudo-second-order rate equation. In addition, the uranium(VI)-loaded Fe3O4@C nanoparticles can be recovered easily from aqueous solution by magnetic separation and regenerated by acid treatment. Present study suggested that magnetic Fe3O4@C composite particles can be used as an effective and recyclable adsorbent for the removal of uranium(VI) from aqueous solutions.

Exposure to particulate hexavalent chromium exacerbates allergic asthma pathology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schneider, Brent C.; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037; Constant, Stephanie L.

Airborne hexavalent chromate, Cr(VI), has been identified by the Environmental Protection Agency as a possible health threat in urban areas, due to the carcinogenic potential of some of its forms. Particulate chromates are produced in many different industrial settings, with high levels of aerosolized forms historically documented. Along with an increased risk of lung cancer, a high incidence of allergic asthma has been reported in workers exposed to certain inhaled particulate Cr(VI) compounds. However, a direct causal association between Cr(VI) and allergic asthma has not been established. We recently showed that inhaled particulate Cr(VI) induces an innate neutrophilic inflammatory responsemore » in BALB/c mice. In the current studies we investigated how the inflammation induced by inhaled particulate Cr(VI) might alter the pathology of an allergic asthmatic response. We used a well-established mouse model of allergic asthma. Groups of ovalbumin protein (OVA)-primed mice were challenged either with OVA alone, or with a combination of OVA and particulate zinc chromate, and various parameters associated with asthmatic responses were measured. Co-exposure to particulate Cr(VI) and OVA mediated a mixed form of asthma in which both eosinophils and neutrophils are present in airways, tissue pathology is markedly exacerbated, and airway hyperresponsiveness is significantly increased. Taken together these findings suggest that inhalation of particulate forms of Cr(VI) may augment the severity of ongoing allergic asthma, as well as alter its phenotype. Such findings may have implications for asthmatics in settings in which airborne particulate Cr(VI) compounds are present at high levels. -- Highlights: ► Allergic asthma correlated with exposure to certain inhaled particulate chromates. ► Direct causal association between Cr(VI) and allergic asthma not established. ► Cr exacerbated pathology and airway hyperresponsiveness in an OVA-challenged mouse. ► Particulate Cr(VI) may augment severity and alter phenotype of ongoing allergic asthma.« less

Safety and immunogenicity of a Vi-DT typhoid conjugate vaccine: Phase I trial in Healthy Filipino adults and children.

PubMed

Capeding, Maria Rosario; Teshome, Samuel; Saluja, Tarun; Syed, Khalid Ali; Kim, Deok Ryun; Park, Ju Yeon; Yang, Jae Seung; Kim, Yang Hee; Park, Jiwook; Jo, Sue-Kyoung; Chon, Yun; Kothari, Sudeep; Yang, Seon-Young; Ham, Dong Soo; Ryu, Ji Hwa; Hwang, Hee-Seong; Mun, Ju-Hwan; Lynch, Julia A; Kim, Jerome H; Kim, Hun; Excler, Jean-Louis; Sahastrabuddhe, Sushant

2018-06-18

Typhoid fever remains a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries where children aged 2-14 years bear the greatest burden. Vi polysaccharide is poorly immunogenic in children <2 years of age, and protection in adults is modest. The limitations of Vi polysaccharide vaccines can be overcome by conjugation of the Vi to a carrier protein. A typhoid conjugate vaccine composed of Vi polysaccharide conjugated to diphtheria toxoid (Vi-DT) has been developed. The Phase I study results are presented here. This was a randomized, observer-blinded Phase I study to assess the safety and immunogenicity of Vi-DT compared to Vi polysaccharide vaccine, conducted in Manila, Philippines. Participants enrolled in an age de-escalation manner (18-45, 6-17 and 2-5 years) were randomized between Test (Vi-DT, 25 µg) administered at 0 and 4 weeks and Comparator (Vi polysaccharide, Typhim Vi® and Vaxigrip®, Sanofi Pasteur) vaccines. A total of 144 participants were enrolled (48 by age strata, 24 in Test and Comparator groups each). No serious adverse event was reported in either group. Solicited and unsolicited adverse events were mild or moderate in both groups with the exception of a 4-year old girl in Test group with grade 3 fever which resolved without sequelae. All participants in Test group seroconverted after first and second doses of Vi-DT while the proportions in the Comparator group were 97.1% and 97.2%, after first dose of Typhim Vi® and second dose of Vaxigrip®, respectively. Vi-DT showed 4-fold higher Geometric Mean Titers (GMT) compared to Typhim Vi® (adjusted for age strata, p < 0.001). No further increase of GMT was detected after the second dose of Vi-DT. Anti-DT IgG seroresponse rates were 81.2% and 84.5% post first and second Vi-DT doses, respectively. Vi-DT vaccine was safe, well-tolerated and immunogenic in participants aged 2-45 years. ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT02645032. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Design of a Channel Error Simulator using Virtual Instrument Techniques for the Initial Testing of TCP/IP and SCPS Protocols

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Horan, Stephen; Wang, Ru-Hai

1999-01-01

There exists a need for designers and developers to have a method to conveniently test a variety of communications parameters for an overall system design. This is no different when testing network protocols as when testing modulation formats. In this report, we discuss a means of providing a networking test device specifically designed to be used for space communications. This test device is a PC-based Virtual Instrument (VI) programmed using the LabVIEW(TM) version 5 software suite developed by National Instruments(TM)TM. This instrument was designed to be portable and usable by others without special, additional equipment. The programming was designed to replicate a VME-based hardware module developed earlier at New Mexico State University (NMSU) and to provide expanded capabilities exceeding the baseline configuration existing in that module. This report describes the design goals for the VI module in the next section and follows that with a description of the design of the VI instrument. This is followed with a description of the validation tests run on the VI. An application of the error-generating VI to networking protocols is then given.

40 CFR 35.412 - Allotment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants Water Quality Management Planning Grants (section 205(j)(2)) § 35.412... State's construction grant allotment as determined by Congress for Water Quality Management Planning...)(4) regarding reserves from State allotments under Title VI of the Clean Water Act for section 205(j...

40 CFR 194.44 - Engineered barriers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... compliance assessment; (vi) Public comments requesting specific engineered barriers; (vii) The increased or..., after consideration of one or more of the factors in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, the Department... without evaluating the remaining factors in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, then any compliance...

Exposure to Particulate Hexavalent Chromium Exacerbates Allergic Asthma Pathology

PubMed Central

Schneider, Brent C.; Constant, Stephanie L.; Patierno, Steven R.; Jurjus, Rosalyn A.; Ceryak, Susan M.

2011-01-01

Airborne hexavalent chromate, Cr(VI), has been identified by the Environmental Protection Agency as a possible health threat in urban areas, due to the carcinogenic potential of some of its forms. Particulate chromates are produced in many different industrial settings, with high levels of aerosolized forms historically documented. Along with an increased risk of lung cancer, a high incidence of allergic asthma has been reported in workers exposed to certain inhaled particulate Cr(VI) compounds. However, a direct causal association between Cr(VI) and allergic asthma has not been established. We recently showed that inhaled particulate Cr(VI) induces an innate neutrophilic inflammatory response in BALB/c mice. In the current studies we investigated how the inflammation induced by inhaled particulate Cr(VI) might alter the pathology of an allergic asthmatic response. We used a well-established mouse model of allergic asthma. Groups of ovalbumin protein (OVA)-primed mice were challenged either with OVA alone, or with a combination of OVA and particulate zinc chromate, and various parameters associated with asthmatic responses were measured. Co-exposure to particulate Cr(VI) and OVA mediated a mixed form of asthma in which both eosinophils and neutrophils are present in airways, tissue pathology is markedly exacerbated, and airway hyperresponsiveness is significantly increased. Taken together these findings suggest that inhalation of particulate forms of Cr(VI) may augment the severity of ongoing allergic asthma, as well as alter its phenotype. Such findings may have implications for asthmatics in settings in which airborne particulate Cr(VI) compounds are present at high levels. PMID:22178736

42 CFR 494.120 - Condition: Special purpose renal dialysis facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... section); (iii) Reuse of hemodialyzers at § 494.50 (if reuse is performed); (iv) Patients' rights and posting of patients' rights at § 494.70(a) and § 494.70(c); (v) Laboratory services at § 494.130; (vi... 494.60 (physical environment). (iii) Section 494.70(a) through section 494.70(c) (patient rights). (iv...

42 CFR 494.120 - Condition: Special purpose renal dialysis facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... section); (iii) Reuse of hemodialyzers at § 494.50 (if reuse is performed); (iv) Patients' rights and posting of patients' rights at § 494.70(a) and § 494.70(c); (v) Laboratory services at § 494.130; (vi... 494.60 (physical environment). (iii) Section 494.70(a) through section 494.70(c) (patient rights). (iv...

42 CFR 494.120 - Condition: Special purpose renal dialysis facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... section); (iii) Reuse of hemodialyzers at § 494.50 (if reuse is performed); (iv) Patients' rights and posting of patients' rights at § 494.70(a) and § 494.70(c); (v) Laboratory services at § 494.130; (vi... 494.60 (physical environment). (iii) Section 494.70(a) through section 494.70(c) (patient rights). (iv...

42 CFR 494.120 - Condition: Special purpose renal dialysis facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... section); (iii) Reuse of hemodialyzers at § 494.50 (if reuse is performed); (iv) Patients' rights and posting of patients' rights at § 494.70(a) and § 494.70(c); (v) Laboratory services at § 494.130; (vi... 494.60 (physical environment). (iii) Section 494.70(a) through section 494.70(c) (patient rights). (iv...

Kinetin increases chromium absorption, modulates its distribution, and changes the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase in Mexican Palo Verde

PubMed Central

Zhao, Yong; Peralta-Videa, Jose R.; Lopez-Moreno, Martha L.; Ren, Minghua; Saupe, Geoffrey; Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L

2015-01-01

This report shows, for the first time, the effectiveness of the phytohormone kinetin (KN) in increasing Cr translocation from roots to stems in Mexican Palo Verde. Fifteen-day-old seedlings, germinated in soil spiked with Cr(III) and (VI) at 60 and 10 mg kg−1, respectively, were watered every other day for 30 days with a KN solution at 250 μM. Samples were analyzed for catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) activities, Cr concentration, and Cr distribution in tissues. Results showed that KN reduced CAT but increased APOX in the roots of Cr(VI)-treated plants. In the leaves, KN reduced both CAT and APOX in Cr(III) but not in Cr(VI)-treated plants. However, KN increased total Cr concentration in roots, stems, and leaves by 45%, 103%, and 72%, respectively, compared to Cr(III) alone. For Cr(VI), KN increased Cr concentrations in roots, stems, and leaves, respectively, by 53%, 129%, and 168%, compared to Cr(VI) alone. The electron probe microanalyzer results showed that Cr was mainly located at the cortex section in the root, and Cr distribution was essentially homogenous in stems. However, proven through X-ray images, Cr(VI)-treated roots and stems had more Cr accumulation than Cr(III) counterparts. KN increased the Cr translocation from roots to stems. PMID:21174467

40 CFR 52.2120 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Section II Sulfuric Acid Manufacturing 2/28/1986 2/17/1987 52 FR 4772 Section III Kraft Pulp and Paper.../1987 52 FR 4772 Section V Cotton Gins 10/26/2001 5/7/2002 67 FR 30594 Section VI Hot Mix Asphalt.../1990 2/4/1992 57 FR 4158 Part C Surface Coating of Paper, Vinyl, and Fabric 8/24/1990 2/4/1992 57 FR...

Reduction of ferrate(VI) and oxidation of cyanate in a Fe(VI)-TiO2-UV-NCO- system.

PubMed

Winkelmann, Kurt; Sharma, Virender K; Lin, Yekaterina; Shreve, Katherine A; Winkelmann, Catherine; Hoisington, Laura J; Yngard, Ria A

2008-08-01

The aqueous photocatalytic degradation of cyanate (NCO(-)), which is a long-lived neurotoxin formed during the remediation of cyanide in industrial waste streams, was studied in the ferrate(VI)-UV-TiO2-NCO(-) system. Kinetics measurements of the photocatalytic reduction of ferrate(VI) were carried out as a function of [NCO(-)], [ferrate(VI)], [O(2)], light intensity (I(o)), and amount of TiO2 in suspensions at pH 9.0. The photocatalytic reduction rate of ferrate(VI) in the studied system can be expressed as -d[Fe(VI)]/dt=kI(o)(0.5) [NCO(-)] [TiO2]. The rate of photocatalytic oxidation of cyanate with ferrate(VI) was greater than the rate in the analogous system without ferrate(VI). The possibility of involvement of reactive ferrate(V) species for this enhancement was determined by studying the reactivity of ferrate(V) with NCO(-) in a homogeneous solution using a premix pulse radiolysis technique. The rate constant for the reaction of ferrate(V) and NCO(-) in alkaline medium was estimated to be (9.60+/-0.07) x 10(2) M(-1) s(-1), which is much slower than the ferrate(VI) self-decomposition reaction (k approximately 10(7) M(-1) s(-1)). An analysis of the kinetic data in the Fe(VI)-UV-TiO2-NCO(-) system suggests that ferrate(V) is not directly participating in the oxidation of cyanate. Possible reactions in the system are presented to explain results of ferrate(VI) reduction and oxidation of cyanate.

Vertically integrated medical education and the readiness for practice of graduates.

PubMed

Wijnen-Meijer, Marjo; Ten Cate, Olle; van der Schaaf, Marieke; Burgers, Chantalle; Borleffs, Jan; Harendza, Sigrid

2015-12-21

Medical curricula become more and more vertically integrated (VI) to prepare graduates better for clinical practice. VI curricula show early clinical education, integration of biomedical sciences and focus on increasing clinical responsibility levels for trainees. Results of earlier questionnaire-based studies indicate that the type of the curriculum can affect the perceived preparedness for work as perceived by students or supervisors. The aim of the present study is to determine difference in actual performance of graduates from VI and non-VI curricula. We developed and implemented an authentic performance assessment based on different facets of competence for medical near-graduates in the role of beginning residents on a very busy day. Fifty nine candidates participated: 30 VI (Utrecht, The Netherlands) and 29 non-VI (Hamburg, Germany). Two physicians, one nurse and five standardized patients independently assessed each candidate on different facets of competence. Afterwards, the physicians indicated how much supervision they estimated each candidate would require on nine so called "Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs)" unrelated to the observed scenarios. Graduates from a VI curriculum received significantly higher scores by the physicians for the facet of competence "active professional development", with features like 'reflection' and 'asking for feedback'. In addition, VI graduates scored better on the EPA "solving a management problem", while the non-VI graduates got higher scores for the EPA "breaking bad news". This study gives an impression of the actual performance of medical graduates from VI and non-VI curricula. Even though not many differences were found, VI graduates got higher scores for features of professional development, which is important for postgraduate training and continuing education.

Temperature-Dependent, Linearly Interpolable, Tabulated Cross Section Library Based on ENDF/B-VI, Release 8.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

CULLEN, D. E.

2005-02-21

Version 00 As distributed, the original evaluated data include cross sections represented in the form of a combination of resonance parameters and/or tabulated energy dependent cross sections, nominally at 0 Kelvin temperature. For use in applications this library has been processed into the form of temperature dependent cross sections at eight neutron reactor like temperatures, between 0 and 2100 Kelvin, in steps of 300 Kelvin. It has also been processed to five astrophysics like temperatures, 1, 10, 100 eV, 1 and 10 keV. For reference purposes, 300 Kelvin is approximately 1/40 eV, so that 1 eV is approximately 12,000 Kelvin.more » At each temperature the cross sections are tabulated and linearly interpolable in energy. POINT2004 contains all of the evaluations in the ENDF/B-VI general purpose library, which contains evaluations for 328 materials (isotopes or naturally occurring elemental mixtures of isotopes). No special purpose ENDF/B-VI libraries, such as fission products, thermal scattering, or photon interaction data are included. The majority of these evaluations are complete, in the sense that they include all cross sections over the energy range 10-5 eV to at least 20 MeV. However, the following are only partial evaluations that either contain only single reactions and no total cross section (Mg24, K41, Ti46, Ti47, Ti48, Ti50 and Ni59), or do not include energy dependent cross sections above the resonance region (Ar40, Mo92, Mo98, Mo100, In115, Sn120, Sn122 and Sn124). The CCC-638/TART20002 code package is recommended for use with these data. Codes within TART can be used to display these data or to run calculations using these data.« less

Moving into the 21st Century: Curriculum Strategies for Children's Physical Education. PACE VI Presentation Handouts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Belka, David E., Ed.

The handouts from the Ohio conference PACE (Positive Approaches to Children's Education) VI are presented. Among them are: (1) "Hugs" (submitted by A. Braselton); (2) "Rhythmic Activities for 2001" (L. Hardman); (3) "A Strategy for Cognitive Development in Physical Education" (C. Regimal); (4) "It's the Kids That…

Social Studies for the Visually Impaired Child. MAVIS Sourcebook 4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Singleton, Laurel R.

Suggestions are made in this sourcebook for adapting teaching strategies and curriculum materials in social studies to accomodate the needs of the visually impaired (VI) student. It is presented in eight chapters. Chapter one explains why elementary grade social studies, with its emphasis on visual media, presents difficulties for VI children.…

Comparative Study of Chromium(VI) Removal from Simulated Industrial Wastewater with Ion Exchange Resins

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Xiaofan; Shi, Shaoyuan; Cao, Hongbin; Li, Yuping; Xu, Dongyao

2018-06-01

Ion exchange process is an alternative technique for removal of heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of different ion exchange resins in removing Cr(VI) from wastewater. The effects of resin types and dosage, initial pH were examined systemically. The results showed that the performance of different resins had obvious difference for the removal of the Cr(VI) ions, in which the type of functional groups of the resin was the main factor. The SEM images indicated that the micro-morphology of resins before and after adsorption of the Cr(VI) presented a little difference. The EDS analysis showed that the adsorbed Cr(VI) was uniformly distributed at the surface of the resins with formation of oxygen-containing groups. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics of Cr(VI) by the different resins are also discussed.

Probing the interaction of U (VI) with phosphonate-functionalized mesoporous silica using solid-state NMR spectroscopy

DOE PAGES

Uribe, Eva C.; Mason, Harris E.; Shusterman, Jennifer A.; ...

2016-05-30

The fundamental interaction of U (VI) with diethylphosphatoethyl triethoxysilane functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous silica is studied by macroscopic batch experiments and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. DPTS-functionalized silica has been shown to extract U (VI) from nitric acid solutions at or above pH 3. Extraction is dependent on pH and ionic strength. Single-pulse 31P NMR on U (VI) contacted samples revealed that U (VI)only interacts with a fraction of the ligands present on the surface. At pH 4 the U (VI) extraction capacity of the material is limited to 27–37% of the theoretical capacity, based on ligand loading. We combined single pulse 31Pmore » NMR on U (VI)-contacted samples with batch studies to measure a ligand-to-metal ratio of approximately 2 : 1 at pH 3 and 4. Batch studies and cross-polarization NMR measurements reveal that U (VI) binds to deprotonated phosphonate and/or silanol sites. We use 31P– 31P DQ-DRENAR NMR studies to compare the average dipolar coupling between phosphorus spins for both U (VI)-complexed and non-complexed ligand environments. Furthermore, these measurements reveal that U (VI) extraction is not limited by inadequate surface distribution of ligands, but rather by low stability of the surface phosphonate complex.« less

Sulphur alters chromium (VI) toxicity in Solanum melongena seedlings: Role of sulphur assimilation and sulphur-containing antioxidants.

PubMed

Singh, Madhulika; Kushwaha, Bishwajit Kumar; Singh, Samiksha; Kumar, Vipin; Singh, Vijay Pratap; Prasad, Sheo Mohan

2017-03-01

The present study investigates modulation in hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI) 25 μM] toxicity by sulphur (S; 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM S as low (LS), medium (MS) and high sulphur (HS), respectively) in Solanum melongena (eggplant) seedlings. Biomass accumulation (fresh and dry weights), photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic oxygen evolution and S content were declined by Cr(VI) toxicity. Furthermore, fluorescence characteristics (JIP-test) were also affected by Cr(VI), but Cr(VI) toxicity on photosystem II photochemistry was ameliorated by HS treatment via reducing damaging effect on PS II reaction centre and its reduction side. Enhanced respiration, Cr content and oxidative biomarkers: superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation and membrane damage were observed under Cr(VI) stress. Though Cr(VI) enhanced adenosine triphasphate sulfurylase (ATPS) and o-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (OASTL), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, and content of total glutathione, cysteine and NP-SH, however, their levels/activity were further enhanced by S being maximum with HS treatment. The results show that Cr(VI) toxicity does increase under LS treatment while HS protected Cr(VI)-induced damaging effects in brinjal seedlings. Under HS treatment, in mitigating Cr(VI) toxicity, S assimilation and its associated metabolites such as cysteine, glutathione and NP-SH play crucial role. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Probing the interaction of U (VI) with phosphonate-functionalized mesoporous silica using solid-state NMR spectroscopy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Uribe, Eva C.; Mason, Harris E.; Shusterman, Jennifer A.

The fundamental interaction of U (VI) with diethylphosphatoethyl triethoxysilane functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous silica is studied by macroscopic batch experiments and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. DPTS-functionalized silica has been shown to extract U (VI) from nitric acid solutions at or above pH 3. Extraction is dependent on pH and ionic strength. Single-pulse 31P NMR on U (VI) contacted samples revealed that U (VI)only interacts with a fraction of the ligands present on the surface. At pH 4 the U (VI) extraction capacity of the material is limited to 27–37% of the theoretical capacity, based on ligand loading. We combined single pulse 31Pmore » NMR on U (VI)-contacted samples with batch studies to measure a ligand-to-metal ratio of approximately 2 : 1 at pH 3 and 4. Batch studies and cross-polarization NMR measurements reveal that U (VI) binds to deprotonated phosphonate and/or silanol sites. We use 31P– 31P DQ-DRENAR NMR studies to compare the average dipolar coupling between phosphorus spins for both U (VI)-complexed and non-complexed ligand environments. Furthermore, these measurements reveal that U (VI) extraction is not limited by inadequate surface distribution of ligands, but rather by low stability of the surface phosphonate complex.« less

48 CFR 27.409 - Solicitation provisions and contract clauses

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... business innovation research contract (see paragraph (h) of this section); (iv) To be performed outside the... work (see paragraph (i)(2) of this section); (vi) For the management, operation, design, or... those for the management or operation of Government facilities, and contracts and subcontracts in...

40 CFR 63.9600 - What are my operation and maintenance requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) through (vi) of this section. (i) Inspecting the baghouse for air leaks, torn or broken bags or filter... requirements? 63.9600 Section 63.9600 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES...

40 CFR 63.9600 - What are my operation and maintenance requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) through (vi) of this section. (i) Inspecting the baghouse for air leaks, torn or broken bags or filter... requirements? 63.9600 Section 63.9600 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES...

New Systematic Review Methodology for Visual Impairment and Blindness for the 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study

PubMed Central

Bourne, Rupert; Price, Holly; Taylor, Hugh; Leasher, Janet; Keeffe, Jill; Glanville, Julie; Sieving, Pamela C; Khairallah, Moncef; Wong, Tien Yin; Zheng, Yingfeng; Mathew, Anu; Katiyar, Suchitra; Mascarenhas, Maya; Stevens, Gretchen A; Resnikoff, Serge; Gichuhi, Stephen; Naidoo, Kovin; Wallace, Diane; Kymes, Steven; Peters, Colleen; Pesudovs, Konrad; Braithwaite, Tasanee; Limburg, Hans

2014-01-01

Purpose To describe a systematic review of population-based prevalence studies of visual impairment (VI) and blindness worldwide over the past 32 years that informs the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study. Methods A systematic review (Stage 1) of medical literature from 1 January 1980 to 31 January 2012 identified indexed articles containing data on incidence, prevalence and causes of blindness and VI. Only cross-sectional population-based representative studies were selected from which to extract data for a database of age- and sex-specific data of prevalence of 4 distance and one near visual loss categories (presenting and best-corrected). Unpublished data and data from studies using ‘rapid assessment’ methodology were later added (Stage 2). Results Stage 1 identified 14,908 references, of which 204 articles met the inclusion criteria. Stage 2 added unpublished data from 44 ‘rapid assessment studies’ and 4 other surveys. This resulted in a final dataset of 252 articles of 243 studies, of which 238 (98%) reported distance vision loss categories. Thirty-seven studies of the final dataset reported prevalence of mild VI and 4 reported near vision impairment. Conclusion We report a comprehensive systematic review of over 30 years of VI/blindness studies. While there has been an increase in population-based studies conducted in the 2000’s compared to previous decades; there is limited information from certain regions (eg. Central Africa and Central and Eastern Europe, and the Caribbean and Latin America), younger age groups and minimal data regarding prevalence of near vision and mild distance visual impairment. PMID:23350553

The NICROSIL versus NISIL Type N Thermocouple: A Commercial Reality,

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-10-01

2. foda where Ae, the component of the total thermal emf e, due to inhomogeneity, Ae = e - eO , where e0 is the ’ideal’ emf, S a is the ’ideal’ Seebeck...are moderately stable and not greatly elevated. Appendix VI presents an analysis of the estimated errors that are to be expected when nicrosil versus...section 5.4.1, page 23, para. 1. Title: ANALYSIS OF ERRORS INTRODUCED BY THE USE OF CONVENTIONAL (ANSI TYPES J, K, R, S, or T) LEADWIRES WITH

[Treatment of wastewater containing Cr(VI) by LDH synthesizing in situ].

PubMed

Chen, Tian-hu; Feng, You-liang; Xu, Hui-fang; Peng, Shu-chuan; Huang, Chuan-hui; Tang, Shu-pei

2004-03-01

The objective of this work was to investigate the efficiency and factors impacting of removal Cr(VI) from wastewater by layer double hydroxide synthesizing in situ. Principle of the method may be described as follow: Mg2+ and Al3+ hydrolysis and forms Mg/Al-LDH by adding Mg2+, Al3+ and NaOH into wastewater containing Cr(VI), Cr(VI) anions are selectively intercalated into interlayer of LDH to balance positive structural charge. While Mg2+ and Al3+ co-precipitates and forms LDH, the Cr(VI) in wastewater is removal by settle of LDH synthesizing in situ, which are confirmed by analysis of X-ray diffraction on settle and chemical analysis on aqueous. The results indicate that factors of impacting on efficiency of removal Cr(VI) include in amount of adding Mg2+ and Al3+, Mg/Al ratio, pH and concentration of Cr(VI) in wastewater. The maximal removal efficiency of Cr(VI) can be reached when pH values are between 8.5 and 9, and Mg/Al ratios are between 1:1 and 2:1, meanwhile, Mg and Al added can be taken good use of. This technology has present extraordinary efficiency of wastewater treatment.

Chromium(VI) generation in vadose zone soils and alluvial sediments of the southwestern Sacramento Valley, California: a potential source of geogenic Cr(VI) to groundwater

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mills, Christopher T.; Morrison, Jean M.; Goldhaber, Martin B.; Ellefsen, Karl J.

2011-01-01

Concentrations of geogenic Cr(VI) in groundwater that exceed the World Health Organization’s maximum contaminant level for drinking water (50 μg L−1) occur in several locations globally. The major mechanism for mobilization of this Cr(VI) at these sites is the weathering of Cr(III) from ultramafic rocks and its subsequent oxidation on Mn oxides. This process may be occurring in the southern Sacramento Valley of California where Cr(VI) concentrations in groundwater can approach or exceed 50 μg L−1. To characterize Cr geochemistry in the area, samples from several soil auger cores (approximately 4 m deep) and drill cores (approximately 25 m deep) were analyzed for total concentrations of 44 major, minor and trace elements, Cr associated with labile Mn and Fe oxides, and Cr(VI). Total concentrations of Cr in these samples ranged from 140 to 2220 mg per kg soil. Between 9 and 70 mg per kg soil was released by selective extractions that target Fe oxides, but essentially no Cr was associated with the abundant reactive Mn oxides (up to ~1000 mg hydroxylamine-reducible Mn per kg soil was present). Both borehole magnetic susceptibility surveys performed at some of the drill core sites and relative differences between Cr released in a 4-acid digestion versus total Cr (lithium metaborate fusion digestion) suggest that the majority of total Cr in the samples is present in refractory chromite minerals transported from ultramafic exposures in the Coast Range Mountains. Chromium(VI) in the samples studied ranged from 0 to 42 μg kg−1, representing a minute fraction of total Cr. Chromium(VI) content was typically below detection in surface soils (top 10 cm) where soil organic matter was high, and increased with increasing depth in the soil auger cores as organic matter decreased. Maximum concentrations of Cr(VI) were up to 3 times greater in the deeper drill core samples than the shallow auger cores. Although Cr(VI) in these vadose zone soils and sediments was only a very small fraction of the total solid phase Cr, they are a potentially important source for Cr(VI) to groundwater. Enhanced groundwater recharge through the vadose zone due to irrigation could carry Cr(VI) from the vadose zone to the groundwater and may be the mechanism responsible for the correlation observed between elevated Cr(VI) and NO3- source concentrations in previously published data for valley groundwaters. Incubation of a valley subsoil showed a Cr(VI) production rate of 24 μg kg−1 a−1 suggesting that field Cr(VI) concentrations could be regenerated annually. Increased Cr(VI) production rates in H+-amended soil incubations indicate that soil acidification processes such as nitrification of ammonium in fertilizers could potentially increase the occurrence of geogenic Cr(VI) in groundwater. Thus, despite the natural origin of the Cr, Cr(VI) generation in the Sacramento Valley soils and sediments has the potential to be influenced by human activities.

Chromium Biosorption from Cr(VI) Aqueous Solutions by Cupressus lusitanica Bark: Kinetics, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Studies.

PubMed

Netzahuatl-Muñoz, Alma Rosa; Cristiani-Urbina, María del Carmen; Cristiani-Urbina, Eliseo

2015-01-01

The present study investigated the kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics of chromium (Cr) ion biosorption from Cr(VI) aqueous solutions by Cupressus lusitanica bark (CLB). CLB total Cr biosorption capacity strongly depended on operating variables such as initial Cr(VI) concentration and contact time: as these variables rose, total Cr biosorption capacity increased significantly. Total Cr biosorption rate also increased with rising solution temperature. The pseudo-second-order model described the total Cr biosorption kinetic data best. Langmuir´s model fitted the experimental equilibrium biosorption data of total Cr best and predicted a maximum total Cr biosorption capacity of 305.4 mg g(-1). Total Cr biosorption by CLB is an endothermic and non-spontaneous process as indicated by the thermodynamic parameters. Results from the present kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies suggest that CLB biosorbs Cr ions from Cr(VI) aqueous solutions predominantly by a chemical sorption phenomenon. Low cost, availability, renewable nature, and effective total Cr biosorption make CLB a highly attractive and efficient method to remediate Cr(VI)-contaminated water and wastewater.

Chromium Biosorption from Cr(VI) Aqueous Solutions by Cupressus lusitanica Bark: Kinetics, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Studies

PubMed Central

Netzahuatl-Muñoz, Alma Rosa; Cristiani-Urbina, María del Carmen; Cristiani-Urbina, Eliseo

2015-01-01

The present study investigated the kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics of chromium (Cr) ion biosorption from Cr(VI) aqueous solutions by Cupressus lusitanica bark (CLB). CLB total Cr biosorption capacity strongly depended on operating variables such as initial Cr(VI) concentration and contact time: as these variables rose, total Cr biosorption capacity increased significantly. Total Cr biosorption rate also increased with rising solution temperature. The pseudo-second-order model described the total Cr biosorption kinetic data best. Langmuir´s model fitted the experimental equilibrium biosorption data of total Cr best and predicted a maximum total Cr biosorption capacity of 305.4 mg g-1. Total Cr biosorption by CLB is an endothermic and non-spontaneous process as indicated by the thermodynamic parameters. Results from the present kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies suggest that CLB biosorbs Cr ions from Cr(VI) aqueous solutions predominantly by a chemical sorption phenomenon. Low cost, availability, renewable nature, and effective total Cr biosorption make CLB a highly attractive and efficient method to remediate Cr(VI)-contaminated water and wastewater. PMID:26352933

Re-examination of immune response and estimation of anti-Vi IgG protective threshold against typhoid fever-based on the efficacy trial of Vi conjugate in young children.

PubMed

Szu, Shousun C; Klugman, Keith P; Hunt, Steven

2014-04-25

The capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Vi antigen, is an essential virulence factor and a protective antigen. Similar to other polysaccharide vaccines, the protective action of Vi, both to the polysaccharide alone or when presented as a conjugate, is mediated by serum IgG Vi antibodies. The evaluation of Vi capsular polysaccharide based vaccines to prevent typhoid fever would be significantly facilitated by the identification of a "protective level" of serum antibodies to Vi antigen. The protective level of anti-Vi IgG against typhoid fever was derived from the protective efficacy and immune response of a Vi-rEPA conjugate vaccine efficacy trial. The estimation was derived by two methods: correlation of the percent efficacy and the antibody distribution profile in the vaccine group at a given period of observation, and use of the relative ratio of anti-Vi IgG levels between the vaccine and placebo groups greater or equal to the Relative Risk of typhoid fever used in the efficacy determination. Both methods predicted a similar range of a minimum protective level of anti-Vi IgG between 1.4 and 2.0μg/ml (short term threshold). When applying a protective threshold of 10μg/ml at 6 months post immunization, an IgG level in excess of 1.4μg/ml was achieved by 90% of children at 46 months post immunization, consistent with an 89% level of protection over the duration of the study. We thus suggest that the proportion of children with Vi IgG>10μg/ml (long term threshold) 6 months after immunization may reflect the proportion protected over at least a 4 year period. The current assignment of an anti-Vi IgG protective level may be of value when evaluating vaccine performance of future Vi conjugate vaccines. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Re-examination of immune response and estimation of anti-Vi IgG protective threshold against typhoid fever-based on the efficacy trial of Vi conjugate in young children

PubMed Central

Szu, Shousun C.; Klugman, Keith P.; Hunt, Steven

2014-01-01

Background The capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Vi antigen, is an essential virulence factor and a protective antigen. Similar to other polysaccharide vaccines, the protective action of Vi, both to the polysaccharide alone or when presented as a conjugate, is mediated by serum IgG Vi antibodies. The evaluation of Vi capsular polysaccharide based vaccines to prevent typhoid fever would be significantly facilitated by the identification of a “protective level” of serum antibodies to Vi antigen. Methods The protective level of anti-Vi IgG against typhoid fever was derived from the protective efficacy and immune response of a Vi-rEPA conjugate vaccine efficacy trial. The estimation was derived by two methods: correlation of the percent efficacy and the antibody distribution profile in the vaccine group at a given period of observation, and use of the relative ratio of anti-Vi IgG levels between the vaccine and placebo groups greater or equal to the Relative Risk of typhoid fever used in the efficacy determination. Results Both methods predicted a similar range of a minimum protective level of anti-Vi IgG between 1.4 and 2.0 μg/ml (short term threshold). When applying a protective threshold of 10 μg/ml at 6 months post immunization, an IgG level in excess of 1.4 μg/ml was achieved by 90% of children at 46 months post immunization, consistent with an 89% level of protection over the duration of the study. We thus suggest that the proportion of children with Vi IgG > 10 μg/ml (long term threshold) 6 months after immunization may reflect the proportion protected over at least a 4 year period. Conclusion The current assignment of an anti-Vi IgG protective level may be of value when evaluating vaccine performance of future Vi conjugate vaccines. PMID:24630869

40 CFR 94.211 - Emission-related maintenance instructions for purchasers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the Administrator's satisfaction that the engine will function properly only if the component or... section are defined as critical emission-related components. (i) Catalytic convertor. (ii) Electronic... which satisfy one of the conditions defined in paragraphs (j)(2)(i) through (j)(2)(vi) of this section...

7 CFR 15b.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... the Secretary of Agriculture NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF HANDICAP IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES.... (b) Section 504 means section 504 of the Act, 29 U.S.C. 794. (c) Education of the Handicapped Act means the Education of the Handicapped Act, Public Law 92-230, Title VI, 84 Stat. 175 (1970), as amended...

7 CFR 15b.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... the Secretary of Agriculture NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF HANDICAP IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES.... (b) Section 504 means section 504 of the Act, 29 U.S.C. 794. (c) Education of the Handicapped Act means the Education of the Handicapped Act, Public Law 92-230, Title VI, 84 Stat. 175 (1970), as amended...

7 CFR 15b.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... the Secretary of Agriculture NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF HANDICAP IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES.... (b) Section 504 means section 504 of the Act, 29 U.S.C. 794. (c) Education of the Handicapped Act means the Education of the Handicapped Act, Public Law 92-230, Title VI, 84 Stat. 175 (1970), as amended...

24 CFR 982.625 - Homeownership option: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... family search and purchase); (vi) Section 982.630 (Homeownership counseling); (vii) Section 982.631 (Home... to assist a family residing in a home purchased and owned by one or more members of the family. (b) A family assisted under the homeownership option may be a newly admitted or existing participant in the...

24 CFR 982.625 - Homeownership option: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... family search and purchase); (vi) Section 982.630 (Homeownership counseling); (vii) Section 982.631 (Home... to assist a family residing in a home purchased and owned by one or more members of the family. (b) A family assisted under the homeownership option may be a newly admitted or existing participant in the...

24 CFR 982.625 - Homeownership option: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... family search and purchase); (vi) Section 982.630 (Homeownership counseling); (vii) Section 982.631 (Home... to assist a family residing in a home purchased and owned by one or more members of the family. (b) A family assisted under the homeownership option may be a newly admitted or existing participant in the...

24 CFR 982.625 - Homeownership option: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... family search and purchase); (vi) Section 982.630 (Homeownership counseling); (vii) Section 982.631 (Home... to assist a family residing in a home purchased and owned by one or more members of the family. (b) A family assisted under the homeownership option may be a newly admitted or existing participant in the...

49 CFR 397.71 - Federal standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... accordance with this section. (vi) Exposure and other risk factors. States and Indian tribes shall define the exposure and risk factors associated with any NRHM routing designations. The distance to sensitive areas...: (i) The factors listed in paragraph (b)(9) of this section; and (ii) The DOT “Guidelines for Applying...

28 CFR 42.403 - Agency regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Agency regulations. 42.403 Section 42.403... regulations. (a) Any federal agency subject to title VI which has not issued a regulation implementing title... submit a proposed regulation to the Assistant Attorney General pursuant to paragraph (c) of this section...

28 CFR 42.403 - Agency regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Agency regulations. 42.403 Section 42.403... regulations. (a) Any federal agency subject to title VI which has not issued a regulation implementing title... submit a proposed regulation to the Assistant Attorney General pursuant to paragraph (c) of this section...

45 CFR 1203.11 - Judicial review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Judicial review. 1203.11 Section 1203.11 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE... Judicial review. Action taken pursuant to section 602 of title VI is subject to judicial review as provided...

77 FR 46776 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; International Securities Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-06

... with greater ease. \\4\\ Trading Application Software fees include Installation fees, Software License... Application Software fees; \\4\\ Proposed Section VI contains Access Service fees; \\5\\ Proposed Section VII... the QCC and Solicitation Rebate, Index License Surcharge, Market Maker Tiers, Payment for Order Flow...

10 CFR 50.109 - Backfitting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Backfitting. 50.109 Section 50.109 Energy NUCLEAR... of this chapter; (vi) The date of issuance of the first construction permit issued for a duplicate... paragraph (a)(3) of this section, the Commission will consider how the backfit should be scheduled in light...

30 CFR 254.21 - How must I format my response plan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... plan. (v) In situ burning plan. (vi) Training and drills. ... response plan? (a) You must divide your response plan for OCS facilities into the sections specified in paragraph (b) and explained in the other sections of this subpart. The plan must have an easily found marker...

Impact 3: The Title VI Program in the State of Oregon, June-August 1969.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Browning, Philip L.; And Others

The report of the Title VI Program in Oregon presents an overview of the summer 1969 activities which consisted of 24 projects designed for the areas of trainable and educable mentally handicapped, speech handicapped, deaf, visually handicapped, deaf-blind, and emotionally disturbed. The bulk of the text presents summary abstracts of each project…

Effect of natural uranium on the UMR-106 osteoblastic cell line: impairment of the autophagic process as an underlying mechanism of uranium toxicity.

PubMed

Pierrefite-Carle, Valérie; Santucci-Darmanin, Sabine; Breuil, Véronique; Gritsaenko, Tatiana; Vidaud, Claude; Creff, Gaelle; Solari, Pier Lorenzo; Pagnotta, Sophie; Al-Sahlanee, Rasha; Auwer, Christophe Den; Carle, Georges F

2017-04-01

Natural uranium (U), which is present in our environment, exerts a chemical toxicity, particularly in bone where it accumulates. Generally, U is found at oxidation state +VI in its oxocationic form [Formula: see text] in aqueous media. Although U(VI) has been reported to induce cell death in osteoblasts, the cells in charge of bone formation, the molecular mechanism for U(VI) effects in these cells remains poorly understood. The objective of our study was to explore U(VI) effect at doses ranging from 5 to 600 µM, on mineralization and autophagy induction in the UMR-106 model osteoblastic cell line and to determine U(VI) speciation after cellular uptake. Our results indicate that U(VI) affects mineralization function, even at subtoxic concentrations (<100 µM). The combination of thermodynamic modeling of U with EXAFS data in the culture medium and in the cells clearly indicates the biotransformation of U(VI) carbonate species into a meta-autunite phase upon uptake by osteoblasts. We next assessed U(VI) effect at 100 and 300 µM on autophagy, a survival process triggered by various stresses such as metal exposure. We observed that U(VI) was able to rapidly activate autophagy but an inhibition of the autophagic flux was observed after 24 h. Thus, our results indicate that U(VI) perturbs osteoblastic functions by reducing mineralization capacity. Our study identifies for the first time U(VI) in the form of meta-autunite in mammalian cells. In addition, U(VI)-mediated inhibition of the autophagic flux may be one of the underlying mechanisms leading to the decreased mineralization and the toxicity observed in osteoblasts.

Hexavalent chromium induces malignant transformation of human lung bronchial epithelial cells via ROS-dependent activation of miR-21-PDCD4 signaling

PubMed Central

Divya, Sasidharan Padmaja; Turcios, Lilia; Roy, Ram Vinod; Hitron, John Andrew; Wang, Lei; Kim, Donghern; Dai, Jin; Asha, Padmaja; Zhang, Zhuo; Shi, Xianglin

2016-01-01

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a well-known human carcinogen associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis remain unclear. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is a key regulator of oncogenic processes. Studies have shown that miR-21 exerts its oncogenic activity by targeting the tumor suppressor gene programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4). The present study examined the role of miR-21-PDCD4 signaling in Cr(VI)-induced cell transformation and tumorigenesis. Results showed that Cr(VI) induces ROS generation in human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. Chronic exposure to Cr(VI) is able to cause malignant transformation in BEAS-2B cells. Cr(VI) caused a significant increase of miR-21 expression associated with an inhibition of PDCD4 expression. Notably, STAT3 transcriptional activation by IL-6 is crucial for the Cr(VI)-induced miR-21 elevation. Stable knockdown of miR-21 or overexpression of PDCD4 in BEAS-2B cells significantly reduced the Cr(VI)-induced cell transformation. Furthermore, the Cr(VI) induced inhibition of PDCD4 suppressed downstream E-cadherin protein expression, but promoted β-catenin/TCF-dependent transcription of uPAR and c-Myc. We also found an increased miR-21 level and decreased PDCD4 expression in xenograft tumors generated with chronic Cr(VI)-exposed BEAS-2B cells. In addition, stable knockdown of miR-21 and overexpression of PDCD4 reduced the tumorogenicity of chronic Cr(VI)-exposed BEAS-2B cells in nude mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the miR-21-PDCD4 signaling axis plays an important role in Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis. PMID:27323401

Executive Handbook for Financial Management.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-01-01

Review 3-U Section V Fund Control 3-8 Section VI Reimbursement Programs- 3-A Section VII Financing Remote Activities 3-13 Section VIII Monitoring...conduct of the dev- elopment effort. For more on this subject, see chapt er 9. k. Army procurement accounts. The reimbursable (customer) programs for...obligations. When these orders change or get lost, duplicated, or cancelled, they impact on the Army’s reimbursable obligational authority. This reimbursable

Comparative cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of particulate and soluble hexavalent chromium in human and sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) skin cells.

PubMed

Li Chen, Tânia; LaCerte, Carolyne; Wise, Sandra S; Holmes, Amie; Martino, Julieta; Wise, John Pierce; Thompson, W Douglas; Wise, John Pierce

2012-01-01

Chromium (Cr) is a global marine pollutant, present in marine mammal tissues. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a known human carcinogen. In this study, we compare the cytotoxic and clastogenic effects of Cr(VI) in human (Homo sapiens) and sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) skin fibroblasts. Our data show that increasing concentrations of both particulate and soluble Cr(VI) induce increasing amounts of cytotoxicity and clastogenicity in human and sperm whale skin cells. Furthermore, the data show that sperm whale cells are resistant to these effects exhibiting less cytotoxicity and genotoxicity than the human cells. Differences in Cr uptake accounted for some but not all of the differences in particulate and soluble Cr(VI) genotoxicity, although it did explain the differences in particulate Cr(VI) cytotoxicity. Altogether, the data indicate that Cr(VI) is a genotoxic threat to whales, but also suggest that whales have evolved cellular mechanisms to protect them against the genotoxicity of environmental agents such as Cr(VI). Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Improved Atmospheric Sampling of Hexavalent Chromium

PubMed Central

Torkmahalleh, Mehdi Amouei; Yu, Chang-Ho; Lin, Lin; Fan, Zhihua (Tina); Swift, Julie L.; Bonanno, Linda; Rasmussen, Don H.; Holsen, Thomas M.; Hopke, Philip K.

2015-01-01

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) are the primary chromium oxidation states found in ambient atmospheric particulate matter. While Cr(III) is relatively nontoxic, Cr(VI) is toxic and exposure to Cr(VI) may lead to cancer, nasal damage, asthma, bronchitis, and pneumonitis. Accurate measurement of the ambient Cr(VI) concentrations is an environmental challenge since Cr(VI) can be reduced to Cr(III) and vice versa during sampling. In the present study, a new Cr(VI) sampler (Clarkson sampler) was designed, constructed, and field tested to improve the sampling of Cr(VI) in ambient air. The new Clarkson Cr(VI) sampler was based on the concept that deliquescence during sampling leads to aqueous phase reactions. Thus, the relative humidity of the sampled air was reduced below the deliquescence relative humidity (DRH) of the ambient particles. The new sampler was operated to collect Total Suspended Particles (TSP), and compared side-by-side with the current National Air Toxics Trends Stations (NATTS) Cr(VI) sampler that is utilized in the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) air toxics monitoring program. Side-by-side field testing of the samplers occurred in Elizabeth, NJ during the winter and summer of 2012. The average recovery values of Cr(VI) spikes after 24 hour sampling intervals during summer and winter sampling were 57 and 72%, respectively, for the Clarkson sampler, while the corresponding average values for NATTS samplers were 46% for both summer and winter sampling, respectively. Preventing the ambient aerosol collected on the filters from deliquescing is a key to improving the sampling of Cr(VI). PMID:24344574

IVHS Countermeasures for Rear-End Collision, Task 1 Vol. VI: Human Factors Studies

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-02-15

This report is from the NHTSA sponsored program, "IVHS Countermeasures for Rear-End Collisions". This Volume, Volume VI, Human Factors," presents the results of the initial human factors literature review and study.

Effect of pH and Fe/U ratio on the U(VI) removal rate by the synergistic effect of Fe(II) and O2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fu, Yukui; Luo, Yingfeng; Fang, Qi; Xie, Yanpei; Wang, Zhihong; Zhu, Xiangyu

2018-02-01

As for the decommissioned uranium deposits of acid in-situ leaching, both of the concentrations of U(VI) and Fe(II) are relatively high in groundwater. In the presence of O2, the oxidation of Fe(II) into Fe(III) that forms Fe-hydroxides could effectively remove U(VI) in the forms of sorption or co-precipitation. In this process, pH condition and Fe content will have a significant effect on the U(VI) removal rate by the synergistic effect of Fe(II) and O2. In the present work, a series of batch experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of pH values and Fe/U mass ratio on the U(VI) removal rate by the synergistic effect of Fe(II) and O2. Experiment results show that the removal rate of U(VI) is mainly controlled by pH and secondly by Fe/U mass ratio. In the neutral conditions with pH at 7 and 8, the removal rate of U(VI) reaches up to 90% for all solutions with different initial Fe(II) concentrations. The optimal pH for the removal rate of U(VI) is above 7. In the acidic conditions with pH below 6, the effect of Fe/U mass ratio on the removal rate of U(VI) becomes more obvious and the optimal Fe/U mass ratio for U(VI) removal is 1:2.

Acceleration of Ligament Healing with Cellular Attractants

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-07-01

major cause of morbidity in the armed forces. type VI collagen is a haptotactic cell attractant. We have shown that type VI collagen with bound...heparin/FGF-2 or hyaluronan or fibronectin promotes migration of canine ACL and DET cells. Insertion of type VI collagen into a wound in the canine...1984). Type I collagen is known to be the predominant fibrillar collagen in the meniscus. Smaller amounts of type II collagen are also present. In

Visual Impairment and Blindness in Adults in the United States: Demographic and Geographic Variations from 2015 to 2050

PubMed Central

Varma, Rohit; Vajaranant, Thasarat S.; Burkemper, Bruce; Wu, Shuang; Torres, Mina; Hsu, Chunyi; Choudhury, Farzana; McKean-Cowdin, Roberta

2016-01-01

Importance This paper describes the current and projected prevalence of visual impairment (VI) (visual acuity worse than 20/40, but better than 20/200) and blindness (visual acuity 20/200 or worse) in the United States. Objective To determine the demographic and geographic variations in VI and blindness in adults in the US population in 2015 and to estimate the projected prevalence through 2050 Design Descriptive Setting Population-based cross-sectional Participants Pooled data from adults, 40 years and older, from six major population-based studies on VI and blindness in the US. Prevalence of VI and blindness were reported by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and per capita prevalence by state, using the US census projections (2015 – 2050). Main Outcome and Measures Prevalence of VI and blindness Results In 2015, 1.02 million people were blind, and approximately 3.22 million people in the US had VI (best-corrected VA in the better-seeing eye), while up to 8.2 million people had VI due to uncorrected refractive error. By 2050, the number of these conditions are projected to double to approximately 2.01 million people with blindness, 6.95 million people with VI, and 16.4 million with VI due to uncorrected refractive error. The highest numbers of these conditions are predicted among non-Hispanic whites, women, and older adults, however African Americans are projected to experience the highest prevalence of blindness. By 2050, the highest prevalence of VI among minorities will shift from African Americans to Hispanics. From 2015-2050, the states projected to have the highest per-capita prevalence of VI are Florida and Hawaii and highest projected per-capita prevalence of blindness are Mississippi, Louisiana, and Florida. Conclusion & Relevance These data suggest that vision screening for refractive error and early eye disease may reduce or prevent a high proportion of individuals from experiencing unnecessary vision loss and blindness, decrease associated costs to the US economy for medical services and lost productivity, and contribute to better quality of life. Targeted education and screening programs for non-Hispanic white women and minorities should become increasingly important due to the projected growth of these populations and their relative contribution to the overall numbers of these conditions. PMID:27197072

Calculations of Maxwellian-averaged cross sections and astrophysical reaction rates using the ENDF/B-VII.0, JEFF-3.1, JENDL-3.3, and ENDF/B-VI.8 evaluated nuclear reaction data libraries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pritychenko, B.; Mughaghab, S. F.; Sonzogni, A. A.

2010-11-01

We have calculated the Maxwellian-averaged cross sections and astrophysical reaction rates of the stellar nucleosynthesis reactions (n, γ), (n, fission), (n, p), (n, α), and (n, 2n) using the ENDF/B-VII.0, JEFF-3.1, JENDL-3.3, and ENDF/B-VI.8 evaluated nuclear reaction data libraries. These four major nuclear reaction libraries were processed under the same conditions for Maxwellian temperatures (kT) ranging from 1 keV to 1 MeV. We compare our current calculations of the s-process nucleosynthesis nuclei with previous data sets and discuss the differences between them and the implications for nuclear astrophysics.

Ferrate(VI) oxidation of polychlorinated diphenyl sulfides: Kinetics, degradation, and oxidized products.

PubMed

Chen, Jing; Xu, Xinxin; Zeng, Xiaolan; Feng, Mingbao; Qu, Ruijuan; Wang, Zunyao; Nesnas, Nasri; Sharma, Virender K

2018-06-13

This paper presents oxidation of polychlorinated diphenyl sulfides (PCDPSs), dioxin-like compounds, by ferrate(VI) (Fe VI O 4 2- , Fe(VI)). Kinetics of the reactions of Fe(VI) with seventeen PCDPSs, differ in number and positions of chlorine atoms (from 2 to 7), were investigated at pH 8.0. The second-order rate constants (k, M -1 s -1 ) of the reactions varied with the numbers and positions of chlorine atoms and appeared to be related with standard Gibbs free energy of formation (Δ f G 0 ) of PCDPSs. Degradation experiments in the presence of ions and humic acid demonstrated complete removal of PeCDPS by Fe(VI) in minutes. Pathways of the reaction were investigated by identifying oxidized products (OPs) of the reaction between Fe(VI) and 2,2',3',4,5-pentachlorodiphenyl sulfide (PeCDPS) at pH 8.0. Pathways of oxidation involved major pathway of attack on sulfur(II) by Fe(VI) in steps to yield sulfoxide type products, and subsequent breakage of C-S bond with the formation of sulfonic acid-containing trichloro compound. Minor pathways were hydroxylation of benzene ring and substitution of chlorine atom with hydroxyl group. Estimation of toxicity of OPs of the oxidation of PeCDPS by Fe(VI) suggested the decreased toxicity from the parent contaminant. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Final Scientific/Technical Report--In-Situ Generation of Iron-Chromium Precipitates for Long Term Immobilization of Chromium at the Hanford Site

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Butler, Elizabeth C.; Krumholz, Lee R.; Madden, Andrew S.

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a toxic ground water contaminant widespread at the Hanford site and many other industrial facilities. A common remediation method for Cr(VI) is in situ reduction/immobilization, in which soluble Cr(VI) is reduced to the less soluble trivalent Cr (Cr(III)). If iron (Fe) minerals are present during the process, Cr(III) precipitates as a mixed Fe(III)-Cr(III) (Fe-Cr) solid. The objective of this exploratory research was to obtain preliminary evidence about the relationships among the method of Cr(VI) reduction (i.e., abiotic or microbial), the properties of the resulting Fe-Cr precipitates, and their tendencies to release soluble Cr(VI) in the presencemore » of the common manganese oxide birnessite. The results of this exploratory research project show that the conditions of Cr(VI) reduction—specifically the ratio of Cr to Fe, and/or whether the Cr(VI) reductant is a mineral or a microorganism—can significantly affect the tendency of the resulting Fe-Cr precipitate to release Cr(VI) to the environment in the presence of birnessite. These results suggest the chosen remediation conditions have the potential to strongly influence not only the initial success of in situ Cr(VI) reduction/immobilization, but also the potential for successful long term sequestration of Cr in the form of stable soil precipitates.« less

Biological versus mineralogical chromium reduction: potential for reoxidation by manganese oxide.

PubMed

Butler, Elizabeth C; Chen, Lixia; Hansel, Colleen M; Krumholz, Lee R; Elwood Madden, Andrew S; Lan, Ying

2015-11-01

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(vi), present predominantly as CrO4(2-) in water at neutral pH) is a common ground water pollutant, and reductive immobilization is a frequent remediation alternative. The Cr(iii) that forms upon microbial or abiotic reduction often co-precipitates with naturally present or added iron (Fe), and the stability of the resulting Fe-Cr precipitate is a function of its mineral properties. In this study, Fe-Cr solids were formed by microbial Cr(vi) reduction using Desulfovibrio vulgaris strain RCH1 in the presence of the Fe-bearing minerals hematite, aluminum substituted goethite (Al-goethite), and nontronite (NAu-2, Clay Minerals Society), or by abiotic Cr(vi) reduction by dithionite reduced NAu-2 or iron sulfide (FeS). The properties of the resulting Fe-Cr solids and their behavior upon exposure to the oxidant manganese (Mn) oxide (birnessite) differed significantly. In microcosms containing strain RCH1 and hematite or Al-goethite, there was significant initial loss of Cr(vi) in a pattern consistent with adsorption, and significant Cr(vi) was found in the resulting solids. The solid formed when Cr(vi) was reduced by FeS contained a high proportion of Cr(iii) and was poorly crystalline. In microcosms with strain RCH1 and hematite, Cr precipitates appeared to be concentrated in organic biofilms. Reaction between birnessite and the abiotically formed Cr(iii) solids led to production of significant dissolved Cr(vi) compared to the no-birnessite controls. This pattern was not observed in the solids generated by microbial Cr(vi) reduction, possibly due to re-reduction of any Cr(vi) generated upon oxidation by birnessite by active bacteria or microbial enzymes. The results of this study suggest that Fe-Cr precipitates formed in groundwater remediation may remain stable only in the presence of active anaerobic microbial reduction. If exposed to environmentally common Mn oxides such as birnessite in the absence of microbial activity, there is the potential for rapid (re)formation of dissolved Cr(vi) above regulatory levels.

West Nile virus outbreak in Phoenix, Arizona--2010: entomological observations and epidemiological correlations.

PubMed

Colborn, James M; Smith, Kirk A; Townsend, John; Damian, Dan; Nasci, Roger S; Mutebi, John-Paul

2013-06-01

In 2010, Arizona experienced an unusually early and severe outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) centered in the southeast section of Maricopa County. Entomological data were collected before and during the outbreak, from May 25 through July 31, 2010, using the CO2-baited light trap monitoring system maintained by Maricopa County Vector Control. In the outbreak area, the most abundant species in the Town of Gilbert and in the area covered by the Roosevelt Water Conservation District was Culex quinquefasciatus, constituting 75.1% and 71.8% of the total number of mosquitoes collected, respectively. Vector index (VI) profiles showed that the abundance of infected Cx. quinquefasciatus peaked prior to human cases, suggesting that this species was involved in the initiation of the outbreak. In contrast, the VI profiles for Cx. tarsalis were consistently low, suggesting limited involvement in initiating and sustaining transmission. Taken together, the higher abundance and the VI profiles strongly suggest that Cx. quinquefasciatus was the primary vector for this outbreak. The VI profiles consistently showed that the abundance of infected mosquitoes peaked 1 to 2 wk before the peaks of human cases, suggesting that VI could have successfully been utilized to predict the WNV outbreak in Maricopa County, AZ, in 2010.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, Fen; Sun, Hong; Kluz, Thomas

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a human carcinogen that results in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a variety of DNA lesions leading to cell death. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol present in green tea, possesses potent antioxidative activity capable of protecting normal cells from various stimuli-induced oxidative stress and cell death. Here we demonstrated that co-treatment with EGCG protected human normal bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells from Cr(VI)-induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Cr(VI) induces apoptosis as the primary mode of cell death. Co-treatment of BEAS-2B cells with EGCG dose-dependently suppressed Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis. Fluorescence microscopic analyses and quantitativemore » measurement revealed that EGCG significantly decreased intracellular levels of ROS induced by Cr(VI) exposure. Using a well-established K{sup +}/SDS precipitation assay, we further showed that EGCG was able to dose-dependently reduce DNA–protein cross-links (DPC), lesions that could be partially attributed to Cr(VI)-induced oxidative stress. Finally, analyses of Affymetrix microarray containing 28,869 well-annotated genes revealed that, among the 3412 genes changed more than 1.5-fold by Cr(VI) treatment, changes of 2404 genes (70%) were inhibited by pretreatment of EGCG. Real-time PCR confirmed the induction of 3 genes involved in cell death and apoptosis by Cr(VI), which was eliminated by EGCG. In contrast, Cr(VI) reduced the expression of 3 genes related to cellular defense, and this reduction was inhibited by EGCG. Our results indicate that EGCG protects BEAS-2B cells from Cr(VI)-induced cytotoxicity presumably by scavenging ROS and modulating a subset of genes. EGCG, therefore, might serve as a potential chemopreventive agent against Cr(VI) carcinogenesis. -- Highlights: ► EGCG protected human normal bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells from Cr(VI)-induced cell death and apoptosis. ► EGCG significantly decreased intracellular levels of ROS induced by Cr(VI) exposure. ► EGCG reduced DNA-protein cross-links, lesions that could be partially attributed to Cr(VI)-induced oxidative stress. ► EGCG modulated 70% of the gene expression changes induced by Cr(VI) exposure.« less

Prevalence and risk factors for visual impairment in preschool children the sydney paediatric eye disease study.

PubMed

Pai, Amy Shih-I; Wang, Jie Jin; Samarawickrama, Chameen; Burlutsky, George; Rose, Kathryn A; Varma, Rohit; Wong, Tien Yin; Mitchell, Paul

2011-08-01

To assess the prevalence and associations of visual impairment (VI) in preschool children. Cross-sectional, population-based study. A total of 2461 children (73.8% participation rate), aged 6 to 72 months, were examined in the Sydney Paediatric Eye Disease Study during 2007-2009; of whom 1188, aged 30 to 72 months, with complete visual acuity (VA) data in both eyes, were included in this report. Measurement of VA was attempted on all children using the Electronic Visual Acuity (EVA) system or a logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) chart. Visual impairment was defined as presenting VA <20/40 in children aged ≥48 months and <20/50 in those aged <48 months. Post-cycloplegic refraction was measured, and myopia was defined as spherical equivalent (SE) ≤-0.50 diopters (D), hyperopia was defined as SE ≥2.00 D, astigmatism was defined as cylinder ≥1.00 D, and anisometropia was defined as SE difference ≥1.00 D between 2 eyes. Ethnicity, birth parameters, and sociodemographic information were collected in questionnaires completed by parents. Visual impairment prevalence and its associations with child demographic factors and birth parameters. Visual impairment was found in 6.4% of the worse eye and 2.7% of the better eye in our sample. Refractive errors (69.7%) and amblyopia (26.3%) were the principal causes of VI in the worse eye. Astigmatism (51.3%) and hyperopia (28.9%) were the main refractive errors causing VI. In regression analysis controlling for other factors, VI was independently associated with low birthweight of <2500 g (odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval, 1.1-5.3), but not with age, gender, ethnicity, or measures of socioeconomic status (P > 0.05). Visual impairment in at least 1 eye was found in 6.4% of Australian preschool children, with bilateral VI found in 2.7%. Uncorrected refractive errors and amblyopia were the principal ocular conditions associated with VI. Low birthweight was a significant risk factor independent of age, gender, and ethnicity. The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article. Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The New Class of Layered Iii-Vi Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors and Their Magnetic MEASUREMENTS*

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pekarek, T. M.; Maymi, C.; Watson, E.; Fuller, C. L.; Garner, J. L.; Crooker, B. C.; Miotkowski, I.; Ramdas, A. K.

2002-03-01

A new class of diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) based on III-VI semiconductor hosts has been studied. To date three III-VI DMS systems have been investigated (Ga1-xMnxS, Ga1-xMnxSe, and Ga1-xFexSe). Magnetization measurements on all three systems will be presented. Recent theoretical calculations (based on a Hamiltonian including crystal-field, spin-orbit, spin-spin, and Zeeman terms) have been made for Ga1-xMnxS showing excellent agreement with the experimental data. This establishes Ga1-xMnxS as the first III-VI DMS to be understood both experimentally and theoretically. This new class of III-VI DMS complements the more extensive work on II-VI DMS and III-V DMS. *Support: Research Corporation Cottrell College Science Awards CC4719, CC4845, and CC4668, FL Space Grant Consortium, NHMFL, Purdue Academic Reimbursement Grant, and NSF No. DMR-99-72196, DMR-99-75887, DMR-01-02699, and ECS-01-29853.

Duodenal crypt health following exposure to Cr(VI): Micronucleus scoring, γ-H2AX immunostaining, and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Thompson, Chad M.; Wolf, Jeffrey C.; Elbekai, Reem H.

2015-08-01

Lifetime exposure to high concentrations of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in drinking water results in intestinal damage and an increase in duodenal tumors in B6C3F1 mice. To assess whether these tumors could be the result of a direct mutagenic or genotoxic mode of action, we conducted a GLP-compliant 7-day drinking water study to assess crypt health along the entire length of the duodenum. Mice were exposed to water (vehicle control), 1.4, 21, or 180 ppm Cr(VI) via drinking water for 7 consecutive days. Crypt enterocytes in Swiss roll sections were scored as normal, mitotic, apoptotic, karyorrhectic, or as having micronuclei. Amore » single oral gavage of 50 mg/kg cyclophosphamide served as a positive control for micronucleus induction. Exposure to 21 and 180 ppm Cr(VI) significantly increased the number of crypt enterocytes. Micronuclei and γ-H2AX immunostaining were not elevated in the crypts of Cr(VI)-treated mice. In contrast, treatment with cyclophosphamide significantly increased numbers of crypt micronuclei and qualitatively increased γ-H2AX immunostaining. Synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscopy revealed the presence of strong Cr fluorescence in duodenal villi, but negligible Cr fluorescence in the crypt compartment. Together, these data indicate that Cr(VI) does not adversely effect the crypt compartment where intestinal stem cells reside, and provide additional evidence that the mode of action for Cr(VI)-induced intestinal cancer in B6C3F1 mice involves chronic villous wounding resulting in compensatory crypt enterocyte hyperplasia.« less

Design, baseline characteristics, and early findings of the MPS VI (mucopolysaccharidosis VI) Clinical Surveillance Program (CSP).

PubMed

Hendriksz, Christian J; Giugliani, Roberto; Harmatz, Paul; Lampe, Christina; Martins, Ana Maria; Pastores, Gregory M; Steiner, Robert D; Leão Teles, Elisa; Valayannopoulos, Vassili

2013-03-01

To outline the design, baseline data, and 5-year follow-up data of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VI enrolled in the Clinical Surveillance Program (CSP), a voluntary, multinational, observational program. The MPS VI CSP was opened in 2005 to collect, for at least 15 years, observational data from standard clinical and laboratory assessments of patients with MPS VI. Baseline and follow-up data are documented by participating physicians in electronic case report forms. Between September 2005 and March 2010 the CSP enrolled 132 patients, including 123 who received enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with galsulfase. Median age at enrolment was 13 years (range 1-59). Mean baseline data showed impaired growth, hepatosplenomegaly, and reduced endurance and pulmonary function. The most common findings were heart valve disease (90%), reduced visual acuity (79%), impaired hearing (59%), and hepatosplenomegaly (54%). Follow-up data up to 5 years in patients with pre- and post-ERT measurements showed a decrease in urinary glycosaminoglycans and increases in height and weight in patients <16 years and suggested reductions in liver and spleen size and improvements in endurance and pulmonary function after ERT was started. Vision, hearing, and cardiac function were unchanged. Safety data were in line with previous reports. The CSP represents the largest cross-sectional study of MPS VI to date. This first report provides information on the design and implementation of the program and population statistics for several clinical variables in patients with MPS VI. Data collected over 5 years suggest that ERT provides clinical benefit and is well-tolerated with no new safety concerns.

Isolated abducens nerve palsy associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a localizing sign of ruptured posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms.

PubMed

Burkhardt, Jan-Karl; Winkler, Ethan A; Lasker, George F; Yue, John K; Lawton, Michael T

2018-06-01

OBJECTIVE Compressive cranial nerve syndromes can be useful bedside clues to the diagnosis of an enlarging intracranial aneurysm and can also guide subsequent evaluation, as with an acute oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve [CN] III) palsy that is presumed to be a posterior communicating artery aneurysm and a surgical emergency until proven otherwise. The CN VI has a short cisternal segment from the pontomedullary sulcus to Dorello's canal, remote from most PICA aneurysms but in the hemodynamic pathway of a rupturing PICA aneurysm that projects toward Dorello's canal. The authors describe a cranial nerve syndrome for posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms that associates subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and an isolated abducens nerve (CN VI) palsy. METHODS Clinical and radiological data from 106 surgical patients with PICA aneurysms (66 ruptured and 40 unruptured) were retrospectively reviewed. Data from a group of 174 patients with other aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) were analyzed in a similar manner to control for nonspecific effects of SAH. Univariate statistical analysis compared incidence and risk factors associated with CN VI palsy in subarachnoid hemorrhage. RESULTS Overall, 13 (4.6%) of 280 patients had CN VI palsy at presentation, and all of them had ruptured aneurysms (representing 13 [5.4%] of the 240 cases of ruptured aneurysms). CN VI palsies were observed in 12 patients with ruptured PICA aneurysms (12/66 [18.1%]) and 1 patient with other aSAH (1/174 [0.1%], p < 0.0001). PICA aneurysm location in ruptured aneurysms was an independent predictor for CN VI palsy on multivariate analysis (p = 0.001). PICA aneurysm size was not significantly different in patients with or without CN VI palsy (average size 4.4 mm and 5.2 mm, respectively). Within the PICA aneurysm cohort, modified Fisher grade (p = 0.011) and presence of a thick cisternal SAH (modified Fisher Grades 3 and 4) (p = 0.003) were predictors of CN VI palsy. In all patients with ruptured PICA aneurysms and CN VI palsy, dome projection and presumed direction of rupture were directed toward the ipsilateral and/or contralateral Dorello's canal, in agreement with laterality of the CN palsy. In patients with bilateral CN VI palsies, a medial projection with extensive subarachnoid blood was observed near bilateral canals. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes a localizing connection between an isolated CN VI palsy, SAH, and an underlying ruptured PICA aneurysm. CN VI palsy is an important clinical sign in aSAH and when present on initial clinical presentation may be assumed to be due to ruptured PICA aneurysms until proven otherwise. The deficit may be ipsilateral, contralateral, or bilateral and is determined by the direction of the aneurysm dome projection and extent of subarachnoid bleeding toward Dorello's canal, rather than by direct compression.

Influence of Er:YAG laser irradiation distance on the bond strength of a restorative system to enamel.

PubMed

Chimello-Sousa, Daniela Thomazatti; de Souza, Aline Evangelista; Chinelatti, Michelle Alexandra; Pécora, Jesus Djalma; Palma-Dibb, Regina Guenka; Milori Corona, Silmara Aparecida

2006-03-01

The aim of the present study was to investigate in vitro the effect of Er:YAG laser on bonding to enamel, varying the irradiation distance. Tensile bond strength of an adhesive restorative system to non-irradiated and irradiated enamel surfaces was evaluated. Thirty caries-free human third molars were sectioned in mesio-distal direction and embedded in acrylic resin. Enamel was flattened, and a 3-mm-diameter bonding area was demarcated. Specimens were randomly assigned into six groups: groups I-V were treated with the Er:YAG laser (80 mJ/2 Hz), varying the irradiation distance (11, 12 mm-focused, 14, 16 and 17 mm, respectively), followed by 35% phosphoric acid etching. Control group (VI) received treatment with phosphoric acid alone. Single Bond adhesive system was applied on the conditioned enamel, and composite resin cones, bonded to enamel, were fabricated with Z250. After storage, samples were tested in tensile to failure (50 kgf and 0.5 mm/min). Means in MPa were: I-9.67 (+/-3.44); II-13.29 (+/-2.65); III-13.33 (+/-2.22); IV-14.87 (+/-3.58); V-16.43 (+/-4.52); VI-22.90 (+/-3.03). ANOVA and Tukey test revealed statistically significant decrease of bond strength in group I (P < 0.05). Groups II-IV presented similar results, as did groups IV and V. Control group (VI) yielded the best overall performance (P < 0.05). Er:YAG laser irradiation adversely affected adhesion to enamel. However, bond strength was influenced by the irradiation distance, thus being stronger with the increase of distance to the target tissue.

30 CFR 950.15 - Approval of Wyoming regulatory program amendments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...), (ba), 3(b)(i); Ch II, §§ 3(a)(vi)(E), (M), (b)(xvi)(D), (xx), (v)(C); Ch IV, §§ 3(d)(vii), (e)(i)(H...(am);Chap. 1, Section 2(ao); Chap. 1, Section 2(ap); Chap. 1, Section 2(as); Chap. 1, Section 2(az... relocated rules. [62 FR 9958, Mar. 5, 1997, as amended at 64 FR 53208, Oct. 1, 1999; 67 FR 67547, Nov. 6...

Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type VI with optic atrophy.

PubMed

Voo, Irene; Allf, Bryan E; Udar, Nitin; Silva-Garcia, Rosamaria; Vance, Jeffrey; Small, Kent W

2003-10-01

To present the detailed clinical findings of a large family with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type VI (HMSN VI), a syndrome featuring optic atrophy. Observational case series. A detailed history was obtained and physical examination was made of the extended family of the proband for evidence of neurologic dysfunction. The OPA1 gene was screened for mutations by direct DNA sequencing. Twelve of 97 family members examined are affected with signs of HMSN VI. Three other members have either optic atrophy or peripheral neuropathy, thus allowing an appreciation of the full clinical spectrum of disease. No mutations were found in the OPA1 gene. This family demonstrates the variable expressivity of this disorder as well as incomplete penetrance. This is the largest known family with HMSN VI. No association was found with changes in the OPA1 gene.

The effect of response-delay on estimating reachability.

PubMed

Gabbard, Carl; Ammar, Diala

2008-11-01

The experiment was conducted to compare visual imagery (VI) and motor imagery (MI) reaching tasks in a response-delay paradigm designed to explore the hypothesized dissociation between vision for perception and vision for action. Although the visual systems work cooperatively in motor control, theory suggests that they operate under different temporal constraints. From this perspective, we expected that delay would affect MI but not VI because MI operates in real time and VI is postulated to be memory-driven. Following measurement of actual reach, right-handers were presented seven (imagery) targets at midline in eight conditions: MI and VI with 0-, 1-, 2-, and 4-s delays. Results indicted that delay affected the ability to estimate reachability with MI but not with VI. These results are supportive of a general distinction between vision for perception and vision for action.

40 CFR 52.2120 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... II Sulfuric Acid Manufacturing 2/28/1986 2/17/1987 52 FR 4772 Section III Kraft Pulp and Paper.../1987 52 FR 4772 Section V Cotton Gins 10/26/2001 5/7/2002 67 FR 30594 Section VI Hot Mix Asphalt.../1990 2/4/1992 57 FR 4158 Part C Surface Coating of Paper, Vinyl, and Fabric 8/24/1990 2/4/1992 57 FR...

40 CFR 52.2120 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... II Sulfuric Acid Manufacturing 2/28/1986 2/17/1987 52 FR 4772 Section III Kraft Pulp and Paper.../1987 52 FR 4772 Section V Cotton Gins 10/26/2001 5/7/2002 67 FR 30594 Section VI Hot Mix Asphalt.../1990 2/4/1992 57 FR 4158 Part C Surface Coating of Paper, Vinyl, and Fabric 8/24/1990 2/4/1992 57 FR...

Criticality calculations of the Very High Temperature reactor Critical Assembly benchmark with Serpent and SCALE/KENO-VI

DOE PAGES

Bostelmann, Friederike; Hammer, Hans R.; Ortensi, Javier; ...

2015-12-30

Within the framework of the IAEA Coordinated Research Project on HTGR Uncertainty Analysis in Modeling, criticality calculations of the Very High Temperature Critical Assembly experiment were performed as the validation reference to the prismatic MHTGR-350 lattice calculations. Criticality measurements performed at several temperature points at this Japanese graphite-moderated facility were recently included in the International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments, and represent one of the few data sets available for the validation of HTGR lattice physics. Here, this work compares VHTRC criticality simulations utilizing the Monte Carlo codes Serpent and SCALE/KENO-VI. Reasonable agreement was found between Serpent andmore » KENO-VI, but only the use of the latest ENDF cross section library release, namely the ENDF/B-VII.1 library, led to an improved match with the measured data. Furthermore, the fourth beta release of SCALE 6.2/KENO-VI showed significant improvements from the current SCALE 6.1.2 version, compared to the experimental values and Serpent.« less

In vitro microleakage of glass-ionomer composite resin hybrid materials.

PubMed

Rodrigues, J A; De Magalhães, C S; Serra, M C; Rodrigues Júnior, A L

1999-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of six glass-ionomer composite resin hybrid materials compared with a glass-ionomer cement and a composite resin. Standardized class 5 dentin cavities were prepared on root surfaces of 240 extracted human teeth that were randomly assigned to eight groups and restored using the following restorative systems: (I) Vitremer, (II) Compoglass, (III) Photac-Fil Aplicap, (IV) Variglass, (V) Dyract, (VI) Fuji II LC, (VII) Ketac-Fil Aplicap, and (VIII) Z100. The teeth were thermocycled, placed in a 2% methylene blue solution, and sectioned with diamond disks. Dye penetration was scored on a scale of 0-3. Results showed no significant differences among groups VIII, IV, I, V, VI, III, and II. There were also no significant differences among groups VI, III, II, and VII.

Cr(VI) Occurrence and Geochemistry in Water From Public-Supply Wells in California

DOE PAGES

Izbicki, John A.; Wright, Michael T.; Seymour, Whitney A.; ...

2015-08-18

Hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in 918 wells sampled throughout California between 2004 and 2012 by the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Program—Priority Basin Project (GAMA—PBP) ranged from less than the study reporting limit (SRL) of 1 microgram per liter (μg/L) to 32 μg/L. Statewide, Cr(VI) was reported in 31 percent of sampled wells and equaled or exceeded the recently established (2014) California Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for Cr(VI) of 10 μg/L in 4 percent of sampled wells. Cr(VI) data collected for regulatory purposes overestimate Cr(VI) occurrence. Ninety percent of chromium was present as Cr(VI), which was detected more frequently and atmore » higher concentrations in alkaline (pH > 8), oxic water, and more frequently in agricultural and urban land uses compared to native land uses. Chemical, isotopic (tritium and carbon-14), and noble-gas data show high Cr(VI) in water from wells in alluvial aquifers in the southern California deserts result from long groundwater-residence times and geochemical reactions such as silicate weathering that increase pH, while oxic conditions persist. High Cr(VI) in water from wells in alluvial aquifers along the west-side of the Central Valley results from high-chromium abundance in source rock eroded to form those aquifers, and areal recharge processes (including irrigation return) that mobilize chromium from the unsaturated zone. Cr(VI) co-occurred with oxyanions having similar chemistry, including vanadium, selenium, and uranium. Cr(VI) was positively correlated with nitrate, consistent with increased concentrations in areas of agricultural land use and mobilization of chromium from the unsaturated zone by irrigation return.« less

Cr(VI) occurrence and geochemistry in water from public-supply wells in California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Izbicki, John; Wright, Michael; Seymour, Whitney A.; McCleskey, R. Blaine; Fram, Miranda S.; Belitz, Kenneth; Esser, Bradley K.

2015-01-01

Hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in 918 wells sampled throughout California between 2004 and 2012 by the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment-Priority Basin Project (GAMA-PBP) ranged from less than the study reporting limit of 1 microgram per liter (μg/L) to 32 μg/L. Statewide, Cr(VI) was reported in 31 percent of wells and equaled or exceeded the recently established (2014) California Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for Cr(VI) of 10 μg/L in 4 percent of wells. Cr(VI) data collected for regulatory purposes overestimated Cr(VI) occurrence compared to spatially-distributed GAMA-PBP data. Ninety percent of chromium was present as Cr(VI), which was detected more frequently and at higher concentrations in alkaline (pH ≥ 8), oxic water; and more frequently in agricultural and urban land uses compared to native land uses. Chemical, isotopic (tritium and carbon-14), and noble-gas data show high Cr(VI) in water from wells in alluvial aquifers in the southern California deserts result from long groundwater-residence times and geochemical reactions such as silicate weathering that increase pH, while oxic conditions persist. High Cr(VI) in water from wells in alluvial aquifers along the west-side of the Central Valley results from high-chromium in source rock eroded to form those aquifers, and areal recharge processes (including irrigation return) that can mobilize chromium from the unsaturated zone. Cr(VI) co-occurred with oxyanions having similar chemistry, including vanadium, selenium, and uranium. Cr(VI) was positively correlated with nitrate, consistent with increased concentrations in areas of agricultural land use and mobilization of chromium from the unsaturated zone by irrigation return.

A comparative analysis of the avirulence and translational transactivator functions of gene VI of Cauliflower mosaic virus.

PubMed

Palanichelvam, Karuppaiah; Schoelz, James E

2002-02-15

The primary function associated at present with the gene VI product of Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is that of a translational transactivator (TAV). In this capacity, it alters the host translational machinery to allow reinitiation of translation of other CaMV genes on the polycistronic 35S RNA of CaMV. In addition, the gene VI protein can elicit a specific type of plant defense response called the hypersensitive response (HR) in Nicotiana edwardsonii. In this study, we have adapted the agroinfiltration technique to compare the sequences of CaMV gene VI required for TAV function and elicitation of HR. To measure the activity of the TAV, we coagroinfiltrated gene VI of CaMV strain W260 with a bicistronic GUS reporter plasmid. TAV function could be assayed 4 days postinfiltration, before the onset of HR in N. edwardsonii. Through the use of the TAV and HR assays, we could show that the TAV functions of gene VI of CaMV strains W260 and D4 were equivalent, but only W260 gene VI elicited HR. A mutational analysis of W260 gene VI showed that the structural requirements for elicitation of HR were much more stringent than those for TAV function. Small deletions from either the 5' or 3' end of W260 gene VI abolished its ability to elicit HR, although the TAV function was retained in the mutant. The TAV function could also tolerate a small insertion within gene VI; this insertion abolished the elicitor function. This study provides direct evidence that the TAV function of gene VI is separate from its role as an elicitor of HR.

76 FR 39820 - Notice of Funding Availability: Sections 514, 515 and 516 Multi-Family Housing Revitalization...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-07

... post office or private mailer does not constitute delivery. Facsimile (FAX) and postage-due pre... a pre-application described in Section VI. This pre-application process is designed to lessen the... reserves the right to post all information submitted as part of the pre-application/application package...

78 FR 2882 - Findings of Failure To Submit a Complete State Implementation Plan for Section 110(a) Pertaining...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-15

..., 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. General..., Chicago, IL 60604. EPA Region VI: Guy Donaldson, Chief, Arkansas, Louisiana, New Air Planning Section, EPA... Technology Transfer and Advancement Act J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions to Address Environmental...

40 CFR 53.43 - Test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... of the test section of the wind tunnel. The mean wind speed in the test section must be within ±10... wind tunnel and allow the particle concentration to stabilize. (vi) Install an array of five or more evenly spaced isokinetic samplers in the sampling zone (see § 53.42(d)) of the wind tunnel. Collect...

Efficient and Accurate Computation of Non-Negative Anisotropic Group Scattering Cross Sections for Discrete Ordinates and Monte Carlo Radiation Transport

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-07-01

Date Kirk A. Mathews (Advisor) James T. Moore (Dean’s Representative) Charles J. Bridgman (Member...Adler-Adler, and Kalbach -Mann representations of the scatter cross sections that are used for some isotopes in ENDF/B-VI are not included. They are not

7 CFR 1033.73 - Payments to producers and to cooperative associations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... made to a cooperative association pursuant to paragraph (b) of this section, as follows: (1) Partial... of protein received times the protein price for the month; (iv) The pounds of other solids received... cell adjustment for the month; (vi) Less any payment made pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of this section...

7 CFR 1033.73 - Payments to producers and to cooperative associations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... made to a cooperative association pursuant to paragraph (b) of this section, as follows: (1) Partial... of protein received times the protein price for the month; (iv) The pounds of other solids received... cell adjustment for the month; (vi) Less any payment made pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of this section...

7 CFR 1033.73 - Payments to producers and to cooperative associations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... made to a cooperative association pursuant to paragraph (b) of this section, as follows: (1) Partial... of protein received times the protein price for the month; (iv) The pounds of other solids received... cell adjustment for the month; (vi) Less any payment made pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of this section...

7 CFR 1033.73 - Payments to producers and to cooperative associations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... made to a cooperative association pursuant to paragraph (b) of this section, as follows: (1) Partial... of protein received times the protein price for the month; (iv) The pounds of other solids received... cell adjustment for the month; (vi) Less any payment made pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of this section...

7 CFR 1033.73 - Payments to producers and to cooperative associations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... made to a cooperative association pursuant to paragraph (b) of this section, as follows: (1) Partial... of protein received times the protein price for the month; (iv) The pounds of other solids received... cell adjustment for the month; (vi) Less any payment made pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of this section...

28 CFR 33.52 - Civil rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Civil rights. 33.52 Section 33.52... Block Grants Additional Requirements § 33.52 Civil rights. The Justice Assistance Act provides that “no... the provisions of title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964; section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of...

28 CFR 33.52 - Civil rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Civil rights. 33.52 Section 33.52... Block Grants Additional Requirements § 33.52 Civil rights. The Justice Assistance Act provides that “no... the provisions of title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964; section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of...

28 CFR 33.52 - Civil rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Civil rights. 33.52 Section 33.52... Block Grants Additional Requirements § 33.52 Civil rights. The Justice Assistance Act provides that “no... the provisions of title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964; section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of...

28 CFR 33.52 - Civil rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Civil rights. 33.52 Section 33.52... Block Grants Additional Requirements § 33.52 Civil rights. The Justice Assistance Act provides that “no... the provisions of title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964; section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of...

28 CFR 33.52 - Civil rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Civil rights. 33.52 Section 33.52... Block Grants Additional Requirements § 33.52 Civil rights. The Justice Assistance Act provides that “no... the provisions of title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964; section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of...

Leveraging Information Technology. Track VI: Hardware/Software Strategies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

CAUSE, Boulder, CO.

Seven papers from the 1987 CAUSE conference's Track VI, Hardware/Software Strategies, are presented. They include: "Integrated Systems--The Next Steps" (Morris A. Hicks); "Administrative Microcomputing--Roads Traveled, Lessons Learned" (David L. Smallen); "Murphy's First Law and Its Application to Administrative…

42 CFR 431.812 - Review procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... negative case actions in the universe. (iv) Individuals whose eligibility was determined under a State's...) of this section. (vi) Provide a statistically valid error rate that can be projected to the universe...

42 CFR 431.812 - Review procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... negative case actions in the universe. (iv) Individuals whose eligibility was determined under a State's...) of this section. (vi) Provide a statistically valid error rate that can be projected to the universe...

42 CFR 431.812 - Review procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... negative case actions in the universe. (iv) Individuals whose eligibility was determined under a State's...) of this section. (vi) Provide a statistically valid error rate that can be projected to the universe...

21 CFR 145.110 - Canned applesauce.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... paragraph (a)(2)(viii) of this section.) (v) Nutritive carbohydrate sweeteners. (vi) Spices. (vii) Natural... declaration of any spice that characterizes the product. If a nutritive sweetener as provided for in paragraph...

49 CFR 241.7 - Waivers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...; (C) Reasonable cause alcohol and drug testing; (D) A policy dealing with co-worker and self-reporting...) of this section; and (vi) A verification from a government agency in the country where the...

38 CFR 46.3 - Malpractice payment reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... of 1974; (v) Date of birth; (vi) Name of each professional school attended and year of graduation... Management and Budget has approved the information collection requirements in this section under control...

38 CFR 46.3 - Malpractice payment reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... of 1974; (v) Date of birth; (vi) Name of each professional school attended and year of graduation... Management and Budget has approved the information collection requirements in this section under control...

38 CFR 46.3 - Malpractice payment reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... of 1974; (v) Date of birth; (vi) Name of each professional school attended and year of graduation... Management and Budget has approved the information collection requirements in this section under control...

38 CFR 46.3 - Malpractice payment reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... of 1974; (v) Date of birth; (vi) Name of each professional school attended and year of graduation... Management and Budget has approved the information collection requirements in this section under control...

38 CFR 46.3 - Malpractice payment reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... of 1974; (v) Date of birth; (vi) Name of each professional school attended and year of graduation... Management and Budget has approved the information collection requirements in this section under control...

Contemporaneous Ultraviolet and Optical Observations of Direct and Raman-scattered O VI Lines in Symbiotic Stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Birriel, Jennifer J.; Espey, Brian R.; Schulte-Ladbeck, Regina E.

2000-12-01

Symbiotic stars are binary systems consisting of a hot star, typically a white dwarf, and a cool giant companion. The wind from the cool star is ionized by the radiation from the hot star, resulting in the characteristic combination of sharp nebular emission lines and stellar molecular absorption bands in the optical spectrum. Most of the emission lines are readily identifiable with common ions. However, two strong, broad emission lines at 6825 and 7082 Å defied identification with known atoms and ions. In 1989 Schmid made the case that these long unidentified emission lines resulted from the Raman scattering of the O VI resonance photons at 1032, 1038 Å by neutral hydrogen. We present contemporaneous far-UV and optical observations of direct and Raman-scattered O VI lines for nine symbiotic stars obtained with the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (Astro-2) and various ground-based optical telescopes. The O VI emission lines are present in every instance in which the λλ6825, 7082 lines are present, in support of the Schmid Raman-scattering model. We calculate the scattering efficiencies and discuss the results in terms of the Raman-scattering model. Additionally, we measure the flux of the Fe II fluorescence line at 1776 Å, which is excited by the O VI line at 1032 Å, and calculate the first estimates of the conversion efficiencies for this process.

The biomineralization process of uranium(VI) by Saccharomyces cerevisiae - transformation from amorphous U(VI) to crystalline chernikovite.

PubMed

Shen, Yanghao; Zheng, Xinyan; Wang, Xiaoyu; Wang, Tieshan

2018-05-01

Microorganisms play a significant role in uranium(VI) biogeochemistry and influence U(VI) transformation through biomineralization. In the present work, the process of uranium mineralization was investigated by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The toxicity experiments showed that the viability of cell was not significantly affected by 100 mg L -1 U(VI) under 4 days of exposure time. The batch experiments showed that the phosphate concentration and pH value increased over time during U(VI) adsorption. Meanwhile, thermodynamic calculations demonstrated that the adsorption system was supersaturated with respect to UO 2 HPO 4 . The X-ray powder diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses indicated that the U(VI) was first attached onto the cell surface and reacted with hydroxyl, carboxyl, and phosphate groups through electrostatic interactions and complexation. As the immobilization of U(VI) transformed it from the ionic to the amorphous state, lamellar uranium precipitate was formed on the cell surface. With the prolongation of time, the amorphous uranium compound disappeared, and there were some crystalline substances observed extracellularly, which were well-characterized as tetragonal-chernikovite. Furthermore, the size of chernikovite was regulated at nano-level by cells, and the perfect crystal was formed finally. These findings provided an understanding of the non-reductive transformation process of U(VI) from the amorphous to crystalline state within microbe systems, which would be beneficial for the U(VI) treatment and reuse of nuclides and heavy metals.

Effects of citrate on hexavalent chromium reduction by structural Fe(II) in nontronite

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, Xiaolei; Dong, Hailiang; Yang, Xuewei

Iron-bearing clay minerals and organic matter are two important components in natural environments that influence hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) reduction. Previous studies have shown that organic ligands could influence Cr(VI) reduction by aqueous Fe2+ and pyrite. However, the effects of organic ligands on Cr(VI) reduction by structural Fe(II) in clays are not well understood. In this study, the effects of citrate on Cr(VI) reduction by nontronite (NAu-2) were investigated under near neutral pH condition (pH=6). Our results showed that the presence of citrate decreased the rate but increased the amount of Cr(VI) reduction by structural Fe(II) in NAu-2. The decreased reactionmore » rate was likely due to competitive sorption of citrate and polyanionic dichromate (Cr2O7- ), because sorption of dichromate appeared to be the first step for subsequent Cr(VI) reduction. The increased amount of Cr(VI) reduction in the presence of citrate was likely because citrate provided additional reducing power through ligand-metal electron transfer in the presence of soluble Fe 3+ derived from dissolution of reduced NAu-2. Soluble Cr(III)-citrate complex was the possible form of reduced chromium when citrate was present. In contrast, nanometer-sized Cr2O3 particles were the product of Cr(VI) reduction by reduced NAu-2 without citrate. Our study highlights the importance of organic ligands on Cr(VI) reduction and immobilization when iron-bearing clay minerals are applied to treat Cr(VI) contaminant in organic matter rich environments.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Izbicki, John A.; Wright, Michael T.; Seymour, Whitney A.

Hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in 918 wells sampled throughout California between 2004 and 2012 by the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Program—Priority Basin Project (GAMA—PBP) ranged from less than the study reporting limit (SRL) of 1 microgram per liter (μg/L) to 32 μg/L. Statewide, Cr(VI) was reported in 31 percent of sampled wells and equaled or exceeded the recently established (2014) California Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for Cr(VI) of 10 μg/L in 4 percent of sampled wells. Cr(VI) data collected for regulatory purposes overestimate Cr(VI) occurrence. Ninety percent of chromium was present as Cr(VI), which was detected more frequently and atmore » higher concentrations in alkaline (pH > 8), oxic water, and more frequently in agricultural and urban land uses compared to native land uses. Chemical, isotopic (tritium and carbon-14), and noble-gas data show high Cr(VI) in water from wells in alluvial aquifers in the southern California deserts result from long groundwater-residence times and geochemical reactions such as silicate weathering that increase pH, while oxic conditions persist. High Cr(VI) in water from wells in alluvial aquifers along the west-side of the Central Valley results from high-chromium abundance in source rock eroded to form those aquifers, and areal recharge processes (including irrigation return) that mobilize chromium from the unsaturated zone. Cr(VI) co-occurred with oxyanions having similar chemistry, including vanadium, selenium, and uranium. Cr(VI) was positively correlated with nitrate, consistent with increased concentrations in areas of agricultural land use and mobilization of chromium from the unsaturated zone by irrigation return.« less

Reduction of hexavalent chromium by fasted and fed human gastric fluid. I. Chemical reduction and mitigation of mutagenicity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

De Flora, Silvio, E-mail: sdf@unige.it

Evaluation of the reducing capacity of human gastric fluid from healthy individuals, under fasted and fed conditions, is critical for assessing the cancer hazard posed by ingested hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and for developing quantitative physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models used in risk assessment. In the present study, the patterns of Cr(VI) reduction were evaluated in 16 paired pre- and post-meal gastric fluid samples collected from 8 healthy volunteers. Human gastric fluid was effective both in reducing Cr(VI), as measured by using the s-diphenylcarbazide colorimetric method, and in attenuating mutagenicity in the Ames test. The mean (± SE) Cr(VI)-reducing ability of post-meal samplesmore » (20.4 ± 2.6 μg Cr(VI)/mL gastric fluid) was significantly higher than that of pre-meal samples (10.2 ± 2.3 μg Cr(VI)/mL gastric fluid). When using the mutagenicity assay, the decrease of mutagenicity produced by pre-meal and post-meal samples corresponded to reduction of 13.3 ± 1.9 and 25.6 ± 2.8 μg Cr(VI)/mL gastric fluid, respectively. These data are comparable to parallel results conducted by using speciated isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Cr(VI) reduction was rapid, with > 70% of total reduction occurring within 1 min and 98% of reduction is achieved within 30 min with post-meal gastric fluid at pH 2.0. pH dependence was observed with decreasing Cr(VI) reducing capacity at higher pH. Attenuation of the mutagenic response is consistent with the lack of DNA damage observed in the gastrointestinal tract of rodents following administration of ≤ 180 ppm Cr(VI) for up to 90 days in drinking water. Quantifying Cr(VI) reduction kinetics in the human gastrointestinal tract is necessary for assessing the potential hazards posed by Cr(VI) in drinking water. - Highlights: • Cr(VI) reduction capacity was greater in post-meal than paired pre-meal samples. • Cr(VI) reduction was rapid, pH dependent, and due to heat stable components. • Gastric fluid attenuates the mutagenicity of Cr(VI) and reduces risk of GI cancer. • The results are useful to quantitatively evaluate the fate of ingested Cr(VI).« less

Crowded visual search in children with normal vision and children with visual impairment.

PubMed

Huurneman, Bianca; Cox, Ralf F A; Vlaskamp, Björn N S; Boonstra, F Nienke

2014-03-01

This study investigates the influence of oculomotor control, crowding, and attentional factors on visual search in children with normal vision ([NV], n=11), children with visual impairment without nystagmus ([VI-nys], n=11), and children with VI with accompanying nystagmus ([VI+nys], n=26). Exclusion criteria for children with VI were: multiple impairments and visual acuity poorer than 20/400 or better than 20/50. Three search conditions were presented: a row with homogeneous distractors, a matrix with homogeneous distractors, and a matrix with heterogeneous distractors. Element spacing was manipulated in 5 steps from 2 to 32 minutes of arc. Symbols were sized 2 times the threshold acuity to guarantee visibility for the VI groups. During simple row and matrix search with homogeneous distractors children in the VI+nys group were less accurate than children with NV at smaller spacings. Group differences were even more pronounced during matrix search with heterogeneous distractors. Search times were longer in children with VI compared to children with NV. The more extended impairments during serial search reveal greater dependence on oculomotor control during serial compared to parallel search. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

42 CFR 431.812 - Review procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... negative case actions in the universe. (iv) Individuals whose eligibility was determined under a State's... section. (vi) Provide a statistically valid error rate that can be projected to the universe that is being...

42 CFR 431.812 - Review procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... negative case actions in the universe. (iv) Individuals whose eligibility was determined under a State's... section. (vi) Provide a statistically valid error rate that can be projected to the universe that is being...

40 CFR 63.11504 - Am I subject to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the processes listed in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (vi) of this section. (i) Electroplating other than chromium electroplating (i.e., non-chromium electroplating). (ii) Electroless or non-eletrolytic...

Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Intergalactic and Interstellar Absorption Toward 3C 273

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sembach, Kenneth R.; Howk, J. Christopher; Savage, Blair D.; Shull, J. Michael; Oegerle, William R.; Fisher, Richard R. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

We present Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer observations of the molecular, neutral atomic, weakly ionized, and highly ionized components of the interstellar and intergalactic material toward the quasar 3C273. We identify Ly-beta absorption in eight of the known intergalactic Ly-alpha absorbers along the sight line with the rest-frame equivalent widths W(sub r)(Ly-alpha) > 50 micro-angstroms. Refined estimates of the H(I) column densities and Doppler parameters (b) of the clouds are presented. We find a range of b = 16-46 km/s. We detect multiple H(I) lines (Ly-beta - Ly-theta) in the 1590 km/s Virgo absorber and estimate logN(H(I)) = 15.85 +/- 0.10, ten times more H(I) than all of the other absorbers along the sight line combined. The Doppler width of this absorber, b = 16 km/s, implies T < 15,000 K. We detect O(VI) absorption at 1015 km/s at the 2-3(sigma) level that may be associated with hot, X-ray emitting gas in the Virgo Cluster. We detect weak C(III) and O(VI) absorption in the IGM at z=0.12007; this absorber is predominantly ionized and has N(H+)/N(H(I)) > 4000/Z, where Z is the metallicity. Strong Galactic interstellar O(VI) is present between -100 and +100 km/s with an additional high-velocity wing containing about 13% of the total O(VI) between +100 and +240 km/s. The Galactic O(VI), N(V), and C(IV) lines have similar shapes, with roughly constant ratios across the -100 to +100 km/s velocity range. The high velocity O(VI) wing is not detected in other species. Much of the interstellar high ion absorption probably occurs within a highly fragmented medium within the Loop IV remnant or in the outer cavity walls of the remnant. Multiple hot gas production mechanisms are required. The broad O(VI) absorption wing likely traces the expulsion of hot gas out of the Galactic disk into the halo. A flux limit of 5.4 x 10(epx -16) erg/sq cm/s on the amount of diffuse O(VI) emission present = 3.5' off the 3C273 sight line combined with the observed O(VI) column density toward 3C273, logN O(VI) = 14.73 +/- 0.04, implies n(sub e) < 0.02/cubic cm and P/k < 11,500/cubic cm for an assumed temperature of 3 x 10(exp 5) K. The elemental abundances in the neutral and weakly-ionized interstellar clouds are similar to those found for other halo clouds. The warm neutral and warm ionized clouds along the sight line have similar dust-phase abundances, implying that the properties of the dust grains in the two types of clouds are similar. Interstellar H2 absorption is present at positive velocities at a level of logN(H2) = 15.71, but is very weak at the velocities of the main column density concentration along the sight line observed in H(I) 21 cm emission.

Chromate and phosphate inhibited each other's uptake and translocation in arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L.

PubMed

de Oliveira, Letúzia M; Lessl, Jason T; Gress, Julia; Tisarum, Rujira; Guilherme, Luiz R G; Ma, Lena Q

2015-02-01

We investigated the effects of chromate (CrVI) and phosphate (P) on their uptake and translocation in As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata (PV). Plants were exposed to 1) 0.10 mM CrVI and 0, 0.25, 1.25, or 2.50 mM P or 2) 0.25 mM P and 0, 0.50, 2.5 or 5.0 mM CrVI for 24 h in hydroponics. PV accumulated 2919 mg/kg Cr in the roots at CrVI₀.₁₀, and 5100 and 3500 mg/kg P in the fronds and roots at P₀.₂₅. When co-present, CrVI and P inhibited each other's uptake in PV. Increasing P concentrations reduced Cr root concentrations by 62-82% whereas increasing CrVI concentrations reduced frond P concentrations by 52-59% but increased root P concentrations by 11-15%. Chromate reduced P transport, with more P being accumulated in PV roots. Though CrVI was supplied, 64-78% and 92-93% CrIII were in PV fronds and roots. Based on X-ray diffraction, Cr₂O₃ was detected in the roots confirming CrVI reduction to CrIII by PV. In short, CrVI and P inhibited each other in uptake and translocation by PV, and CrVI reduction to CrIII in PV roots served as its detoxification mechanism. The finding helps to understand the interactions of P and Cr during their uptake in PV. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Reduction of hexavalent chromium by fasted and fed human gastric fluid. I. Chemical reduction and mitigation of mutagenicity.

PubMed

De Flora, Silvio; Camoirano, Anna; Micale, Rosanna T; La Maestra, Sebastiano; Savarino, Vincenzo; Zentilin, Patrizia; Marabotto, Elisa; Suh, Mina; Proctor, Deborah M

2016-09-01

Evaluation of the reducing capacity of human gastric fluid from healthy individuals, under fasted and fed conditions, is critical for assessing the cancer hazard posed by ingested hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and for developing quantitative physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models used in risk assessment. In the present study, the patterns of Cr(VI) reduction were evaluated in 16 paired pre- and post-meal gastric fluid samples collected from 8 healthy volunteers. Human gastric fluid was effective both in reducing Cr(VI), as measured by using the s-diphenylcarbazide colorimetric method, and in attenuating mutagenicity in the Ames test. The mean (±SE) Cr(VI)-reducing ability of post-meal samples (20.4±2.6μgCr(VI)/mL gastric fluid) was significantly higher than that of pre-meal samples (10.2±2.3μgCr(VI)/mL gastric fluid). When using the mutagenicity assay, the decrease of mutagenicity produced by pre-meal and post-meal samples corresponded to reduction of 13.3±1.9 and 25.6±2.8μgCr(VI)/mL gastric fluid, respectively. These data are comparable to parallel results conducted by using speciated isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Cr(VI) reduction was rapid, with >70% of total reduction occurring within 1min and 98% of reduction is achieved within 30min with post-meal gastric fluid at pH2.0. pH dependence was observed with decreasing Cr(VI) reducing capacity at higher pH. Attenuation of the mutagenic response is consistent with the lack of DNA damage observed in the gastrointestinal tract of rodents following administration of ≤180ppm Cr(VI) for up to 90days in drinking water. Quantifying Cr(VI) reduction kinetics in the human gastrointestinal tract is necessary for assessing the potential hazards posed by Cr(VI) in drinking water. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Roy, Ram Vinod; Pratheeshkumar, Poyil; Son, Yong-O

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is classified as a human carcinogen. Cr(VI) has been associated with adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. The present study shows that acute Cr(VI) treatment in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) increased inflammatory responses (TNF-α, COX-2, and NF-кB/p65) and expression of Nrf2. Cr(VI)-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are responsible for increased inflammation. Despite the fact that Nrf2 is a master regulator of response to oxidative stress, silencing of Nrf2 in the acute Cr(VI) treatment had no effect on Cr(VI)-induced inflammation. In contrast, in Cr(VI)-transformed (CrT) cells, Nrf2 is constitutively activated. Knock-down of thismore » protein resulted in decreased inflammation, while silencing of SOD2 and CAT had no effect in the expression of these inflammatory proteins. Results obtained from the knock-down of Nrf2 in CrT cells are very different from the results obtained in the acute Cr(VI) treatment. In BEAS-2B cells, knock-down of Nrf2 had no effect in the inflammation levels, while in CrT cells a decrease in the expression of inflammation markers was observed. These results indicate that before transformation, ROS plays a critical role while Nrf2 not in Cr(VI)-induced inflammation, whereas after transformation (CrT cells), Nrf2 is constitutively activated and this protein maintains inflammation while ROS not. Constitutively high levels of Nrf2 in CrT binds to the promoter regions of COX-2 and TNF-α, leading to increased inflammation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that before cell transformation ROS are important in Cr(VI)-induced inflammation and after transformation a constitutively high level of Nrf2 is important. - Highlights: • Cr(VI)-induced ROS increased inflammation, while Nrf2 had no effect. • In the CrT cells knock-down of Nrf2 resulted in decreased inflammation. • Mechanistic differences in regulating Cr(VI)-induced inflammation.« less

Hexavalent chromium exposure and control in welding tasks.

PubMed

Meeker, John D; Susi, Pam; Flynn, Michael R

2010-11-01

Studies of exposure to the lung carcinogen hexavalent chromium (CrVI) from welding tasks are limited, especially within the construction industry where overexposure may be common. In addition, despite the OSHA requirement that the use of engineering controls such as local exhaust ventilation (LEV) first be considered before relying on other strategies to reduce worker exposure to CrVI, data on the effectiveness of LEV to reduce CrVI exposures from welding are lacking. The goal of the present study was to characterize breathing zone air concentrations of CrVI during welding tasks and primary contributing factors in four datasets: (1) OSHA compliance data; (2) a publicly available database from The Welding Institute (TWI); (3) field survey data of construction welders collected by the Center for Construction Research and Training (CPWR); and (4) controlled welding trials conducted by CPWR to assess the effectiveness of a portable LEV unit to reduce CrVI exposure. In the OSHA (n = 181) and TWI (n = 124) datasets, which included very few samples from the construction industry, the OSHA permissible exposure level (PEL) for CrVI (5 μg/m(3)) was exceeded in 9% and 13% of samples, respectively. CrVI concentrations measured in the CPWR field surveys (n = 43) were considerably higher, and 25% of samples exceeded the PEL. In the TWI and CPWR datasets, base metal, welding process, and LEV use were important predictors of CrVI concentrations. Only weak-to-moderate correlations were found between total particulate matter and CrVI, suggesting that total particulate matter concentrations are not a good surrogate for CrVI exposure in retrospective studies. Finally, in the controlled welding trials, LEV reduced median CrVI concentrations by 68% (p = 0.02). In conclusion, overexposure to CrVI in stainless steel welding is likely widespread, especially in certain operations such as shielded metal arc welding, which is commonly used in construction. However, exposure could be substantially reduced with proper use of LEV.

40 CFR 146.82 - Required Class VI permit information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., Class II, or Class V experimental wells, certain maps, cross-sections, tabulations of wells within the.../facies changes based on field data which may include geologic cores, outcrop data, seismic surveys, well...

40 CFR 146.82 - Required Class VI permit information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., Class II, or Class V experimental wells, certain maps, cross-sections, tabulations of wells within the.../facies changes based on field data which may include geologic cores, outcrop data, seismic surveys, well...

40 CFR 146.82 - Required Class VI permit information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., Class II, or Class V experimental wells, certain maps, cross-sections, tabulations of wells within the.../facies changes based on field data which may include geologic cores, outcrop data, seismic surveys, well...

40 CFR 146.82 - Required Class VI permit information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., Class II, or Class V experimental wells, certain maps, cross-sections, tabulations of wells within the.../facies changes based on field data which may include geologic cores, outcrop data, seismic surveys, well...

10 CFR 4.81 - Judicial review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FROM THE COMMISSION Regulations Implementing Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964... in section 603 of that Act. [40 FR 8778, Mar. 3, 1975] Effect on Other Regulations; Forms and...

Cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between neuroticism and cognitive ability in advanced old age: the moderating role of severe sensory impairment.

PubMed

Wettstein, Markus; Kuźma, Elżbieta; Wahl, Hans-Werner; Heyl, Vera

2016-09-01

Gaining a comprehensive picture of the network of constructs in which cognitive functioning is embedded is crucial across the full lifespan. With respect to personality, previous findings support a relationship between neuroticism and cognitive abilities. However, findings regarding old age are inconsistent. In particular, little is known about potentially moderating variables which might explain some of the inconsistency. Our aim was to examine the moderating effect of severe sensory impairment on cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between neuroticism and cognitive functioning. The study sample consisted of 121 visually impaired (VI), 116 hearing impaired (HI), and 150 sensory unimpaired older adults (UI). Mean age was 82.50 years (SD = 4.71 years). Neuroticism was assessed by the NEO Five Factor Inventory, and multiple established tests were used for the assessment of cognitive performance (e.g., subtests of the revised Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale). Bivariate correlations and multi-group structural equation models indicated stronger relationships between cognitive abilities and neuroticism in both sensory impaired groups (VI and HI) compared to UI older individuals. This relationship was attenuated but still significant in both sensory impaired groups when controlling for age, education and health (number of chronic conditions). In cross-lagged panel models, higher baseline neuroticism was significantly associated with lower cognitive performance four years later in VI and HI individuals. Our results suggest that sensory impairment moderates both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between neuroticism and cognitive function in advanced old age.

Application of a novel microtitre plate-based assay for the discovery of new inhibitors of DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase VI.

PubMed

Taylor, James A; Mitchenall, Lesley A; Rejzek, Martin; Field, Robert A; Maxwell, Anthony

2013-01-01

DNA topoisomerases are highly exploited targets for antimicrobial drugs. The spread of antibiotic resistance represents a significant threat to public health and necessitates the discovery of inhibitors that target topoisomerases in novel ways. However, the traditional assays for topoisomerase activity are not suitable for the high-throughput approaches necessary for drug discovery. In this study we validate a novel assay for screening topoisomerase inhibitors. A library of 960 compounds was screened against Escherichia coli DNA gyrase and archaeal Methanosarcina mazei DNA topoisomerase VI. Several novel inhibitors were identified for both enzymes, and subsequently characterised in vitro and in vivo. Inhibitors from the M. mazei topoisomerase VI screen were tested for their ability to inhibit Arabidopsis topoisomerase VI in planta. The data from this work present new options for antibiotic drug discovery and provide insight into the mechanism of topoisomerase VI.

Application of a Novel Microtitre Plate-Based Assay for the Discovery of New Inhibitors of DNA Gyrase and DNA Topoisomerase VI

PubMed Central

Taylor, James A.; Mitchenall, Lesley A.; Rejzek, Martin; Field, Robert A.; Maxwell, Anthony

2013-01-01

DNA topoisomerases are highly exploited targets for antimicrobial drugs. The spread of antibiotic resistance represents a significant threat to public health and necessitates the discovery of inhibitors that target topoisomerases in novel ways. However, the traditional assays for topoisomerase activity are not suitable for the high-throughput approaches necessary for drug discovery. In this study we validate a novel assay for screening topoisomerase inhibitors. A library of 960 compounds was screened against Escherichia coli DNA gyrase and archaeal Methanosarcina mazei DNA topoisomerase VI. Several novel inhibitors were identified for both enzymes, and subsequently characterised in vitro and in vivo. Inhibitors from the M. mazei topoisomerase VI screen were tested for their ability to inhibit Arabidopsis topoisomerase VI in planta. The data from this work present new options for antibiotic drug discovery and provide insight into the mechanism of topoisomerase VI. PMID:23469129

Size Distribution and Estimated Respiratory Deposition of Total Chromium, Hexavalent Chromium, Manganese, and Nickel in Gas Metal Arc Welding Fume Aerosols

PubMed Central

Cena, Lorenzo G.; Chisholm, William P.; Keane, Michael J.; Cumpston, Amy; Chen, Bean T.

2016-01-01

A laboratory study was conducted to determine the mass of total Cr, Cr(VI), Mn, and Ni in 15 size fractions for mild and stainless steel gas-metal arc welding (GMAW) fumes. Samples were collected using a nano multi orifice uniform deposition impactor (MOUDI) with polyvinyl chloride filters on each stage. The filters were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ion chromatography. Limits of detection (LODs) and quantitation (LOQs) were experimentally calculated and percent recoveries were measured from spiked metals in solution and dry, certified welding-fume reference material. The fraction of Cr(VI) in total Cr was estimated by calculating the ratio of Cr(VI) to total Cr mass for each particle size range. Expected, regional deposition of each metal was estimated according to respiratory-deposition models. The weight percent (standard deviation) of Mn in mild steel fumes was 9.2% (6.8%). For stainless steel fumes, the weight percentages were 8.4% (5.4%) for total Cr, 12.2% (6.5%) for Mn, 2.1% (1.5%) for Ni and 0.5% (0.4%) for Cr(VI). All metals presented a fraction between 0.04 and 0.6 μm. Total Cr and Ni presented an additional fraction <0.03 μm. On average 6% of the Cr was found in the Cr(VI) valence state. There was no statistical difference between the smallest and largest mean Cr(VI) to total Cr mass ratio (p-value D 0.19), hence our analysis does not show that particle size affects the contribution of Cr(VI) to total Cr. The predicted total respiratory deposition for the metal particles was ∼25%. The sites of principal deposition were the head airways (7–10%) and the alveolar region (11–14%). Estimated Cr(VI) deposition was highest in the alveolar region (14%). PMID:26848207

Size Distribution and Estimated Respiratory Deposition of Total Chromium, Hexavalent Chromium, Manganese, and Nickel in Gas Metal Arc Welding Fume Aerosols.

PubMed

Cena, Lorenzo G; Chisholm, William P; Keane, Michael J; Cumpston, Amy; Chen, Bean T

A laboratory study was conducted to determine the mass of total Cr, Cr(VI), Mn, and Ni in 15 size fractions for mild and stainless steel gas-metal arc welding (GMAW) fumes. Samples were collected using a nano multi orifice uniform deposition impactor (MOUDI) with polyvinyl chloride filters on each stage. The filters were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ion chromatography. Limits of detection (LODs) and quantitation (LOQs) were experimentally calculated and percent recoveries were measured from spiked metals in solution and dry, certified welding-fume reference material. The fraction of Cr(VI) in total Cr was estimated by calculating the ratio of Cr(VI) to total Cr mass for each particle size range. Expected, regional deposition of each metal was estimated according to respiratory-deposition models. The weight percent (standard deviation) of Mn in mild steel fumes was 9.2% (6.8%). For stainless steel fumes, the weight percentages were 8.4% (5.4%) for total Cr, 12.2% (6.5%) for Mn, 2.1% (1.5%) for Ni and 0.5% (0.4%) for Cr(VI). All metals presented a fraction between 0.04 and 0.6 μ m. Total Cr and Ni presented an additional fraction <0.03 μ m. On average 6% of the Cr was found in the Cr(VI) valence state. There was no statistical difference between the smallest and largest mean Cr(VI) to total Cr mass ratio ( p -value D 0.19), hence our analysis does not show that particle size affects the contribution of Cr(VI) to total Cr. The predicted total respiratory deposition for the metal particles was ∼25%. The sites of principal deposition were the head airways (7-10%) and the alveolar region (11-14%). Estimated Cr(VI) deposition was highest in the alveolar region (14%).

Immunohistochemical assessment of collagen types I, III, IV and VI in biopsy samples of the bovine uterine wall collected during the oestrous cycle.

PubMed

Boos, A

2000-01-01

Uterine biopsies were collected at cycle days 1 (oestrous), 8, 15 and 19 in six cows. Unfixed cryostat sections were used to immunolocalise collagen types I, III, IV and VI by an indirect FITC method. Collagen I was sparsely found in the endometrium where it formed a fine meshwork of thin fibres directly below the surface epithelium, clearly visible only at cycle days 8 and 15. Collagen III formed the bulk of connective tissue fibres and was arranged in fine aggregates within the superficial endometrial stroma, while in the deeper areas it consisted of many thick fibre bundles. Collagen IV was found in basement membranes underlying all endometrial epithelia. Furthermore, it surrounded smooth muscle cells of blood vessels. A few single fibrils also stained positively within the endometrial stroma, more numerous at cycle days 1 and 19 as compared to days 8 and 15. Collagen VI formed a mesh of fine and pericellularly situated fibrils within the endometrial stroma. The contribution of the collagen types studied to the connective tissue of caruncles, blood vessels, lymph follicles, and myometrium is also reported. The results of the present study indicate that the connective tissue of the bovine uterine wall is composed of different collagen types, which exhibit a characteristic distribution pattern each. The day of cycle may influence amounts and organisation of collagen types I and IV as demonstrated here at the light-microscopical level. Copyright 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel

Rasch validation of the PHQ-9 in people with visual impairment in South India.

PubMed

Gothwal, Vijaya K; Bagga, Deepak K; Sumalini, Rebecca

2014-01-01

The Patient-Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a widely used screening instrument for depression. Recently, its properties as a measure were investigated using Rasch analysis in an Australian population with visual impairment (VI) and it was demonstrated to possess excellent measurement properties, but the response scale required shortening (modified PHQ-9). However, further validation was recommended to substantiate its use with the growing population of VI. Therefore, we aimed to use Rasch analysis to evaluate the measurement properties of the modified PHQ-9 in an Indian population with VI. 303 patients with VI (mean age 40.2 years; 71% male) referred to Vision Rehabilitation Centres were administered the PHQ-9 by trained interviewer. Rasch analysis was used to investigate the psychometric properties of the modified PHQ-9. Rasch analysis showed good fit to the model, no misfitting items and an acceptable person separation reliability (0.82). Dimensionality testing supported combining 9 items to create a total score. Targeting was sub-optimal (-1.30 logits); more difficult items are needed. One item ('trouble falling asleep') showed notable differential item functioning, DIF (1.18 logits) by duration of VI. The generalisability of these results might be restricted to patients with VI presenting to a tertiary eye care centre. Except for DIF, the performance of the modified PHQ-9 is consistent with that of the original, albeit in a different cultural context (Indian population with VI). Clinicians/researchers can readily use the modified PHQ-9 without formal training in Rasch procedures given the provision of ready-to-use spreadsheets that convert raw to Rasch-scaled scores. However the conversions will apply only if the sample being tested is similar to that of the present study. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

THE ESTROGENS / CHROMIUM INTERACTION IN THE NITRIC OXIDE GENERATION.

PubMed

Sawicka, Ewa; Piwowar, Agnieszka; Musiala, Tomasz; Dlugosz, Anna

2017-05-01

The interaction of estrogens with environmental toxins in free radicals generation: reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) which participates in cancerogenesis is not yet recognized. Chromium(VI) is widely present in environment. One of its toxicity pathway is free radicals generation. Estrogens have the ability to scavenge free radicals, but may also act as prooxidants. Both chromium(VI) and estrogens are classified by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as carcinogens, so synergistic effect seems very dangerous. The interaction of chromium and estrogens in ROS generation are partly described but there are no reports on estrogen/chromium interaction on nitric oxide (NO) generation. The aim of the study was to examine the interaction of chromium(VI) and 17-p-estradiol (E2) on NO level in human blood as well as the role of E2 metabolites: 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2) and 16a-hydroxyestrone (16α-OHE1) in these processes. The NO level was estimated with the diagnostic kit (Nitric Oxide Colorimetric Detection Kit from Arbor Assays) in human blood in vitm. The results showed that Cr(VI) in used concentration (0.5; 1.0 and 5.0 gg/mL) decreases significantly NO level in blood, acting antagonistically to E2 and 4-OHE2. Estrogens (E2, 4-OHE2 and 16α-OHEI) do not protect against inhibiting effect of Cr(VI) on nitric oxide generation in blood because after combined exposure the decreased production of NO in blood was noted. In conclusion, presented results provide the information about the character of estrogen/Cr(VI) interaction in NO level in human blood. It is important knowledge for cardio protected effect e.g., hormone replacement therapy in environmental or occupational exposure to Cr(VI), chromium supplementation, also important for cancer risk evaluation.

26 CFR 31.6051-1 - Statements for employees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... the remuneration paid by such employer to such employee during the calendar year, the tax return copy... paragraph (b)(8) of § 31.3401(a)-1. (v) In the case of remuneration paid for service described in section... 3121(i)(2) and section 3122. (vi) In the case of remuneration in the form of tips received by an...

77 FR 25773 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX PHLX LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-01

... Change Relating to the Account Fee April 25, 2012. Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities... Exchange proposes to amend the Account Fee displayed in the Pricing Schedule at Section VI, A entitled... participant accounts. The proposed amendment would also encourage members to discontinue holding inactive...

12 CFR 1002.3 - Limited exceptions for certain classes of transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... the sex of an applicant; (ii) Section 1002.5(c) concerning information about a spouse or former spouse... is on the basis of a change of name or marital status; (vi) Section 1002.7(d) relating to the... the sex of an applicant, but only to the extent necessary for medical records or similar purposes; (ii...

12 CFR 1002.3 - Limited exceptions for certain classes of transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... the sex of an applicant; (ii) Section 1002.5(c) concerning information about a spouse or former spouse... is on the basis of a change of name or marital status; (vi) Section 1002.7(d) relating to the... the sex of an applicant, but only to the extent necessary for medical records or similar purposes; (ii...

28 CFR 0.89 - Authority to seize arms and munitions of war.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... war. 0.89 Section 0.89 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ORGANIZATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Federal Bureau of Investigation § 0.89 Authority to seize arms and munitions of war. The Director... arms and munitions of war, and other articles, pursuant to section 1 of title VI of the act of June 15...

Evaluation of two 3D virtual computer reconstructions for comparison of cleft lip and palate to normal fetal microanatomy.

PubMed

Landes, Constantin A; Weichert, Frank; Geis, Philipp; Helga, Fritsch; Wagner, Mathias

2006-03-01

Cleft lip and palate reconstructive surgery requires thorough knowledge of normal and pathological labial, palatal, and velopharyngeal anatomy. This study compared two software algorithms and their 3D virtual anatomical reconstruction because exact 3D micromorphological reconstruction may improve learning, reveal spatial relationships, and provide data for mathematical modeling. Transverse and frontal serial sections of the midface of 18 fetal specimens (11th to 32nd gestational week) were used for two manual segmentation approaches. The first manual segmentation approach used bitmap images and either Windows-based or Mac-based SURFdriver commercial software that allowed manual contour matching, surface generation with average slice thickness, 3D triangulation, and real-time interactive virtual 3D reconstruction viewing. The second manual segmentation approach used tagged image format and platform-independent prototypical SeViSe software developed by one of the authors (F.W.). Distended or compressed structures were dynamically transformed. Registration was automatic but allowed manual correction, such as individual section thickness, surface generation, and interactive virtual 3D real-time viewing. SURFdriver permitted intuitive segmentation, easy manual offset correction, and the reconstruction showed complex spatial relationships in real time. However, frequent software crashes and erroneous landmarks appearing "out of the blue," requiring manual correction, were tedious. Individual section thickness, defined smoothing, and unlimited structure number could not be integrated. The reconstruction remained underdimensioned and not sufficiently accurate for this study's reconstruction problem. SeViSe permitted unlimited structure number, late addition of extra sections, and quantified smoothing and individual slice thickness; however, SeViSe required more elaborate work-up compared to SURFdriver, yet detailed and exact 3D reconstructions were created.

Effects of combination therapy with vildagliptin and valsartan in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors modulate incretin hormones and exert anti-diabetic effects in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Treatment with angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARB) is a proven successful intervention for hypertension with type 2 diabetes. The present study investigated the combined effects of the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin and the ARB valsartan in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Methods C57BL/6 J mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD) or db/db mice were treated with placebo, phloridzin (PHZ), vildagliptin alone (ViL), valsartan alone (VaL) or ViL with VaL (ViLVaL) for 8 weeks. Results Glucose metabolism was improved in response to PHZ, ViL and ViLVaL in both HFD and db/db mice. Upon glucose challenge, ViLVaL showed the greatest suppression of blood glucose excursions, with increased insulin secretion, in db/db mice. ViLVaL treatment also showed an improvement of insulin sensitivity in db/db mice. Serum inflammatory cytokines were significantly decreased, and adiponectin was highest, in the ViLVaL group. ViLVaL improved insulin signaling and attenuated stress signaling in liver with amelioration of hepatic steatosis due to activated fatty acid oxidation in db/db mice. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis of the pancreas revealed that the combination treatment resulted in an increased expression of insulin and PDX-1, and increased insulin content. Conclusions The combination therapy of ViL and VaL improves both pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity, with a reduction of the inflammatory and cell stress milieu in mouse models of T2DM. Our results suggest that this combination therapy exerts additive or even synergistic benefits to treat T2DM. PMID:24188631

In vitro evaluation of bioremediation capacity of a commercial probiotic, Bacillus coagulans, for chromium (VI) and lead (II) toxicity.

PubMed

Belapurkar, Pranoti; Goyal, Pragya; Kar, Anand

2016-01-01

The bioaccumulation of heavy metals including chromium (VI) (Cr (VI)) and lead (II) (Pb (II)) causes fatal toxicity in humans. Some naturally occurring bacterial genera such as Bacillus and Pseudomonas help in bioremediation of these heavy metals and some of the species of Bacillus are proven probiotics. However, no study has been conducted on Bacillus coagulans , which is a proven probiotic species of genus Bacillus . The primary objective of the present study was to assess the potential of a proven probiotic, B. coagulans , marketed as "Sporlac-DS," to survive in the presence of Cr (VI) and Pb (II) and its ability to reduce its concentration in vitro . The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the organism for Cr (VI) and Pb (II) was determined followed by its biochemical and morphological characterization. Its antibiotic sensitivity and probiotic efficacy were assessed. Further, its bioremediation capacity was observed in vitro by determining the residual Cr (VI) and Pb (II) concentration after 72 h. B. coagulans could tolerate up to 512 ppm concentration of Cr (VI) and had an MIC of 128 ppm for Pb (II). After 72 h, the organism reduced 32 ppm Cr (VI) and 64 ppm Pb (II) by 93% and 89%, respectively. When B. coagulans was studied before and after growing on Cr (VI) and Pb (II) for 24 h, an increase was seen in sensitivity toward the tested antibiotics whereas no change was observed in morphological and biochemical characters. It also showed no change in their bile and acid tolerance, indicating that it retains its probiotic efficacy. The tested probiotic B. coagulans may have a potential role in bioremediation of Cr (VI) and Pb (II), in vivo .

In vitro evaluation of bioremediation capacity of a commercial probiotic, Bacillus coagulans, for chromium (VI) and lead (II) toxicity

PubMed Central

Belapurkar, Pranoti; Goyal, Pragya; Kar, Anand

2016-01-01

Introduction: The bioaccumulation of heavy metals including chromium (VI) (Cr (VI)) and lead (II) (Pb (II)) causes fatal toxicity in humans. Some naturally occurring bacterial genera such as Bacillus and Pseudomonas help in bioremediation of these heavy metals and some of the species of Bacillus are proven probiotics. However, no study has been conducted on Bacillus coagulans, which is a proven probiotic species of genus Bacillus. Objectives: The primary objective of the present study was to assess the potential of a proven probiotic, B. coagulans, marketed as “Sporlac-DS,” to survive in the presence of Cr (VI) and Pb (II) and its ability to reduce its concentration in vitro. Materials and Methods: The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the organism for Cr (VI) and Pb (II) was determined followed by its biochemical and morphological characterization. Its antibiotic sensitivity and probiotic efficacy were assessed. Further, its bioremediation capacity was observed in vitro by determining the residual Cr (VI) and Pb (II) concentration after 72 h. Results: B. coagulans could tolerate up to 512 ppm concentration of Cr (VI) and had an MIC of 128 ppm for Pb (II). After 72 h, the organism reduced 32 ppm Cr (VI) and 64 ppm Pb (II) by 93% and 89%, respectively. When B. coagulans was studied before and after growing on Cr (VI) and Pb (II) for 24 h, an increase was seen in sensitivity toward the tested antibiotics whereas no change was observed in morphological and biochemical characters. It also showed no change in their bile and acid tolerance, indicating that it retains its probiotic efficacy. Conclusion: The tested probiotic B. coagulans may have a potential role in bioremediation of Cr (VI) and Pb (II), in vivo. PMID:28216949

Long-term diffusion of U(VI) in bentonite: Dependence on density

DOE PAGES

Joseph, Claudia; Mibus, Jens; Trepte, Paul; ...

2016-10-12

As a contribution to the safety assessment of nuclear waste repositories, U(VI) diffusion through the potential buffer material MX-80 bentonite was investigated at three clay dry densities over six years. Synthetic MX-80 model pore water was used as background electrolyte. Speciation calculations showed that Ca 2UO 2(CO 3) 3(aq) was the main U(VI) species. The in- and out-diffusion of U(VI) was investigated separately. U(VI) diffused about 3 mm, 1.5 mm, and 1 mm into the clay plug at ρ = 1.3, 1.6, and 1.9 g/cm 3, respectively. No through-diffusion of the U(VI) tracer was observed. However, leaching of natural uraniummore » contained in the clay occurred and uranium was detected in all receiving reservoirs. As expected, the effective and apparent diffusion coefficients, D e and D a, decreased with increasing dry density. The D a values for the out-diffusion of natural U(VI) were in good agreement with previously determined values. Surprisingly, D a values for the in-diffusion of U(VI) were about two orders of magnitude lower than values obtained in short-term in-diffusion experiments reported in the literature. Some potential reasons for this behavior that were evaluated are changes of the U(VI) speciation within the clay (precipitation, reduction) or changes of the clay porosity and pore connectivity with time. By applying Archie's law and the extended Archie's law, it was estimated that a significantly smaller effective porosity must be present for the long-term in-diffusion of U(VI). Finally, the results suggest that long-term studies of key transport phenomena may reveal additional processes that can directly impact long-term repository safety assessments.« less

Notes made by Thomas Harriot on the treatises of François Viète

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stedall, Jacqueline

2008-03-01

In the Archive for History of Exact Sciences in 1979 Johannes Lohne published "A survey of Harriot's scientific writings". This has remained until now the only survey of the surviving manuscripts of Thomas Harriot (ca. 1560-1621). Lohne's paper is still a useful resource but it touches only very sketchily on Harriot's debt to François Viète (1540-1603), even though dozens of Harriot's manuscript sheets are filled with re-workings of problems or theorems from Viète's various treatises. Many of these sheets carry overt references to page or proposition numbers in Viète's publications, while others reveal themselves through inspection of the problem they contain. The primary aim of the present paper is to offer a new survey, of precisely those sheets where Harriot can be seen working on the mathematics of Viète. In doing so, it also offers an insight into the reception of Viète's work within his own lifetime at the hands of one of his most astute and able readers.

Integrated Cr(VI) removal using constructed wetlands and composting.

PubMed

Sultana, Mar-Yam; Chowdhury, Abu Khayer Md Muktadirul Bari; Michailides, Michail K; Akratos, Christos S; Tekerlekopoulou, Athanasia G; Vayenas, Dimitrios V

2015-01-08

The present work was conducted to study integrated chromium removal from aqueous solutions in horizontal subsurface (HSF) constructed wetlands. Two pilot-scale HSF constructed wetlands (CWs) units were built and operated. One unit was planted with common reeds (Phragmites australis) and one was kept unplanted. Influent concentrations of Cr(VI) ranged from 0.5 to 10mg/L. The effect of temperature and hydraulic residence time (8-0.5 days) on Cr(VI) removal were studied. Temperature was proved to affect Cr(VI) removal in both units. In the planted unit maximum Cr(VI) removal efficiencies of 100% were recorded at HRT's of 1 day with Cr(VI) concentrations of 5, 2.5 and 1mg/L, while a significantly lower removal rate was recorded in the unplanted unit. Harvested reed biomass from the CWs was co-composted with olive mill wastes. The final product had excellent physicochemical characteristics (C/N: 14.1-14.7, germination index (GI): 145-157%, Cr: 8-10mg/kg dry mass), fulfills EU requirements and can be used as a fertilizer in organic farming. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

viSNE enables visualization of high dimensional single-cell data and reveals phenotypic heterogeneity of leukemia.

PubMed

Amir, El-ad David; Davis, Kara L; Tadmor, Michelle D; Simonds, Erin F; Levine, Jacob H; Bendall, Sean C; Shenfeld, Daniel K; Krishnaswamy, Smita; Nolan, Garry P; Pe'er, Dana

2013-06-01

New high-dimensional, single-cell technologies offer unprecedented resolution in the analysis of heterogeneous tissues. However, because these technologies can measure dozens of parameters simultaneously in individual cells, data interpretation can be challenging. Here we present viSNE, a tool that allows one to map high-dimensional cytometry data onto two dimensions, yet conserve the high-dimensional structure of the data. viSNE plots individual cells in a visual similar to a scatter plot, while using all pairwise distances in high dimension to determine each cell's location in the plot. We integrated mass cytometry with viSNE to map healthy and cancerous bone marrow samples. Healthy bone marrow automatically maps into a consistent shape, whereas leukemia samples map into malformed shapes that are distinct from healthy bone marrow and from each other. We also use viSNE and mass cytometry to compare leukemia diagnosis and relapse samples, and to identify a rare leukemia population reminiscent of minimal residual disease. viSNE can be applied to any multi-dimensional single-cell technology.

Effect of Chromium(VI) Toxicity on Enzymes of Nitrogen Metabolism in Clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)

PubMed Central

Sangwan, Punesh; Joshi, U. N.

2014-01-01

Heavy metals are the intrinsic component of the environment with both essential and nonessential types. Their excessive levels pose a threat to plant growth and yield. Also, some heavy metals are toxic to plants even at very low concentrations. The present investigation (a pot experiment) was conducted to determine the affects of varying chromium(VI) levels (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg chromium(VI) kg−1 soil in the form of potassium dichromate) on the key enzymes of nitrogen metabolism in clusterbean. Chromium treatment adversely affect nitrogenase, nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate dehydrogenase in various plant organs at different growth stages as specific enzyme activity of these enzymes decreased with an increase in chromium(VI) levels from 0 to 2.0 mg chromium(VI) kg−1 soil and 4.0 mg chromium(VI) kg−1 soil was found to be lethal to clusterbean plants. In general, the enzyme activity increased with advancement of growth to reach maximum at flowering stage and thereafter decreased at grain filling stage. PMID:24744916

Uranyl adsorption and surface speciation at the imogolite-water interface: Self-consistent spectroscopic and surface complexation models

USGS Publications Warehouse

Arai, Y.; McBeath, M.; Bargar, J.R.; Joye, J.; Davis, J.A.

2006-01-01

Macro- and molecular-scale knowledge of uranyl (U(VI)) partitioning reactions with soil/sediment mineral components is important in predicting U(VI) transport processes in the vadose zone and aquifers. In this study, U(VI) reactivity and surface speciation on a poorly crystalline aluminosilicate mineral, synthetic imogolite, were investigated using batch adsorption experiments, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and surface complexation modeling. U(VI) uptake on imogolite surfaces was greatest at pH ???7-8 (I = 0.1 M NaNO3 solution, suspension density = 0.4 g/L [U(VI)]i = 0.01-30 ??M, equilibration with air). Uranyl uptake decreased with increasing sodium nitrate concentration in the range from 0.02 to 0.5 M. XAS analyses show that two U(VI) inner-sphere (bidentate mononuclear coordination on outer-wall aluminol groups) and one outer-sphere surface species are present on the imogolite surface, and the distribution of the surface species is pH dependent. At pH 8.8, bis-carbonato inner-sphere and tris-carbonato outer-sphere surface species are present. At pH 7, bis- and non-carbonato inner-sphere surface species co-exist, and the fraction of bis-carbonato species increases slightly with increasing I (0.1-0.5 M). At pH 5.3, U(VI) non-carbonato bidentate mononuclear surface species predominate (69%). A triple layer surface complexation model was developed with surface species that are consistent with the XAS analyses and macroscopic adsorption data. The proton stoichiometry of surface reactions was determined from both the pH dependence of U(VI) adsorption data in pH regions of surface species predominance and from bond-valence calculations. The bis-carbonato species required a distribution of surface charge between the surface and ?? charge planes in order to be consistent with both the spectroscopic and macroscopic adsorption data. This research indicates that U(VI)-carbonato ternary species on poorly crystalline aluminosilicate mineral surfaces may be important in controlling U(VI) mobility in low-temperature geochemical environments over a wide pH range (???5-9), even at the partial pressure of carbon dioxide of ambient air (pCO2 = 10-3.45 atm). ?? 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

IN-SITU CR(VI) SOURCE AND PLUME TREATMENT USING A FERROUS IRON BASED REDUCTANT

EPA Science Inventory

A large volume of chromite ore processing residue (COPR) generated from ferrochrome production operations is present at the Macalloy Corporation Superfund site in Charleston, S.C. Groundwater hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) concentrations in the approximately 20 acre-foot COPR satu...

Information Technology: Making It All Fit. Track VI: Outstanding Applications.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

CAUSE, Boulder, CO.

Seven papers from the 1988 CAUSE conference's Track VI, Outstanding Applications, are presented. They include: "Designing DB2 Data Bases Using Entity-Relationship Modeling: A Case Study--The LSU System Worker's Compensation Project" (Cynthia M. Hadden and Sara G. Zimmerman); "Integrating Information Technology: Prerequisites for…

IN-SITU CR(VI) SOURCE AND PLUME TREATMENT USING A FERROUS IRON-BASED REDUCTANT

EPA Science Inventory

A large volume of chromite ore processing residue (COPR) generated from ferrochrome production operations is present at the Macalloy Corporation Superfund site in Charleston, S.C. Groundwater hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) concentrations in the approximately 20 acre-foot COPR sat...

15 CFR 400.27 - Procedure for processing application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... exports and imports, and the net effect on U.S. employment; (vi) Conducting appropriate industry surveys... situation under paragraph (d)(2)(v)(A) of this section shall be completed and submitted to the Executive...

Preparation of Silk Sericin/Lignin Blend Beads for the Removal of Hexavalent Chromium Ions.

PubMed

Kwak, Hyo Won; Shin, Munju; Yun, Haesung; Lee, Ki Hoon

2016-09-02

In the present study, novel adsorbents having high adsorption capability and reusability were prepared using agricultural by-products: silk sericin and lignin. Silk sericin and lignin blend beads were successfully prepared using simple coagulation methods for the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solution. A 1 M lithium chloride (LiCl)/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent system successfully dissolved both sericin and lignin and had sufficient viscosity for bead preparation. Compared to the conventional sericin bead adsorbent, sericin/lignin blend beads showed higher Cr(VI) adsorption capacity. The amount of lignin added to the adsorbent greatly affected the adsorption capacity of the beads, and a 50:50 sericin/lignin blend ratio was optimal. Adsorption behavior followed the Freundlich isotherm, which means the adsorption of Cr(VI) occurred on the heterogeneous surface. Cr(VI) adsorption capability increased with temperature because of thermodynamic-kinetic effects. In addition, over 90% of Cr(VI) ions were recovered from the Cr(VI) adsorbed sericin/lignin beads in a 1 M NaOH solution. The adsorption-desorption recycling process was stable for more than seven cycles, and the recycling efficiency was 82%. It is expected that the sericin/lignin beads could be successfully applied in wastewater remediation especially for hazardous Cr(VI) ions in industrial wastewater.

Preparation of Silk Sericin/Lignin Blend Beads for the Removal of Hexavalent Chromium Ions

PubMed Central

Kwak, Hyo Won; Shin, Munju; Yun, Haesung; Lee, Ki Hoon

2016-01-01

In the present study, novel adsorbents having high adsorption capability and reusability were prepared using agricultural by-products: silk sericin and lignin. Silk sericin and lignin blend beads were successfully prepared using simple coagulation methods for the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solution. A 1 M lithium chloride (LiCl)/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent system successfully dissolved both sericin and lignin and had sufficient viscosity for bead preparation. Compared to the conventional sericin bead adsorbent, sericin/lignin blend beads showed higher Cr(VI) adsorption capacity. The amount of lignin added to the adsorbent greatly affected the adsorption capacity of the beads, and a 50:50 sericin/lignin blend ratio was optimal. Adsorption behavior followed the Freundlich isotherm, which means the adsorption of Cr(VI) occurred on the heterogeneous surface. Cr(VI) adsorption capability increased with temperature because of thermodynamic-kinetic effects. In addition, over 90% of Cr(VI) ions were recovered from the Cr(VI) adsorbed sericin/lignin beads in a 1 M NaOH solution. The adsorption-desorption recycling process was stable for more than seven cycles, and the recycling efficiency was 82%. It is expected that the sericin/lignin beads could be successfully applied in wastewater remediation especially for hazardous Cr(VI) ions in industrial wastewater. PMID:27598142

Hematite enhances the removal of Cr(VI) by Bacillus subtilis BSn5 from aquatic environment.

PubMed

Ma, Shuai; Song, Chang-Shun; Chen, Yuefang; Wang, Fei; Chen, Hui-Lun

2018-06-05

In the present study, we investigated the removal of Cr(VI) and the associated bacterial activity in the systems containing Bacillus subtilis BSn5 (B. subtilis BSn5) and hematite. The microcalorimetry was used to study the effect of hematite on the normal physiological functions of B. subtilis BSn5 towards the removal of Cr(VI) for the first time. The results of the heat flux and the sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that hematite does not affect the normal physiological functions of B. subtilis BSn5, and can help the strains maintain their activity in the presence of Cr(VI). More importantly, the relative capacity and intensity of Cr(VI) and total Cr removal by B. subtilis BSn5 in the presence of hematite were higher than that in the absence of hematite. The enhancement effect could be associated with their mineral adsorption, biosorption, Fe(II) reduction, bioreduction and immobilization functions. This study demonstrates the possibility of reducing the toxicity of Cr(VI) and enhancing the Cr(VI) removal efficiency in contaminated environments using a combination of hematite and B. subtilis BSn5. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Vi-da: vitiligo diagnostic assistance mobile application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nugraha, G. A.; Nurhudatiana, A.; Bahana, R.

2018-03-01

Vitiligo is a skin disorder in which white patches of depigmentation appear on different parts of the body. Usually, patients come to hospitals or clinics to have their vitiligo conditions assessed. This can be very tiring to the patients, as vitiligo treatments usually take a relatively long period of time, which can range from months to years. To address this challenge, we present in this paper a prototype of an Android-based mobile application called Vi-DA, which stands for Vitiligo Diagnostic Assistance. Vi-DA consists of three subsystems, which are user sign-up subsystem, camera and image analysis subsystem, and progress report subsystem. The mobile application was developed in Java programming language and uses MySQL as the database system. Vi-DA adopts a vitiligo segmentation algorithm to segment input image into normal skin area, vitiligo skin area, and non-skin area. Results showed that Vi-DA gave comparable results to the previous system implemented in Matlab. User acceptance testing results also showed that all respondents agreed on the usefulness of the system and agreed to use Vi-DA again in the future. Vi-DA benefits both dermatologists and patients as not only a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) tool but also as a smart application that can be used for self-assessment at home.

A Comparative Study of Raw and Metal Oxide Impregnated Carbon Nanotubes for the Adsorption of Hexavalent Chromium from Aqueous Solution

PubMed Central

Qureshi, Muhammad I.; Al-Baghli, Nadhir

2017-01-01

The present study reports the use of raw, iron oxide, and aluminum oxide impregnated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the adsorption of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) ions from aqueous solution. The raw CNTs were impregnated with 1% and 10% loadings (weight %) of iron oxide and aluminum oxide nanoparticles using wet impregnation technique. The synthesized materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Batch adsorption experiments were performed to assess the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) ions from water and the effects of pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration of the Cr(VI) ions were investigated. Results of the study revealed that impregnated CNTs achieved significant increase in the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) ions compared to raw CNTs. In fact, both CNTs impregnated with 10% loading of iron and aluminum oxides were able to remove up to 100% of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution. Isotherm studies were carried out using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Adsorption kinetics of Cr(VI) ions from water was found to be well described by the pseudo-second-order model. The results suggest that metallic oxide impregnated CNTs have very good potential application in the removal of Cr(VI) ions from water resulting in better environmental protection. PMID:28487625

Effects of prolonged vibration to vastus intermedius muscle on force steadiness of knee extensor muscles during isometric force-matching task.

PubMed

Saito, Akira; Ando, Ryosuke; Akima, Hiroshi

2016-12-01

Afferent inputs from Ia fibers in muscle spindles are essential for the control of force and prolonged vibration has been applied to muscle-tendon units to manipulate the synaptic input from Ia afferents onto α-motor neurons. The vastus intermedius (VI) reportedly provides the highest contribution to the low-level knee extension torque among the individual synergists of quadriceps femoris (QF). The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of prolonged vibration to the VI on force steadiness of the QF. Nine healthy men (25.1±4.3years) performed submaximal force-matching task of isometric knee extension for 15s before and after mechanical vibration to the superficial region of VI for 30min. Target forces were 2.5%, 10%, and 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and force steadiness was determined by the coefficient of variation (CV) of force. After the prolonged VI vibration, the CV of force at 2.5%MVC was significantly increased, but CVs at 10% and 30%MVCs were not significantly changed. The present study concluded that application of prolonged vibration to the VI increased force fluctuations of the QF during a very low-level force-matching task. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Are language and social communication intact in children with congenital visual impairment at school age?

PubMed

Tadić, Valerie; Pring, Linda; Dale, Naomi

2010-06-01

Development of children with congenital visual impairment (VI) has been associated with vulnerable socio-communicative outcomes often bearing striking similarities to those of sighted children with autism.(1) To date, very little is known about language and social communication in children with VI of normal intelligence. We examined the presentation of language and social communication of 15 children with VI and normal-range verbal intelligence, age 6-12 years, using a standardised language assessment and parental reports of everyday social and communicative behaviours. Their profiles were compared to those of typically developing sighted children of similar age and verbal ability. Compared to their sighted peers, and relative to their own good and potentially superior structural language skills, children with VI showed significantly poorer use of language for social purposes. Pragmatic language weaknesses were a part of a broader socio-communicative profile of difficulties, present in a substantial proportion of these children and consistent with the pattern found in sighted children with autism. There are ongoing socio-communicative and pragmatic language difficulties in children with congenital VI at school age, despite their good intellectual abilities and advanced linguistic skills. Further research is required to unpack the underlying causes and factors maintaining this vulnerability in such children.

Chromium(VI) sorption efficiency of acid-activated banana peel over organo-montmorillonite in aqueous solutions.

PubMed

Ashraf, Anam; Bibi, Irshad; Niazi, Nabeel Khan; Ok, Yong Sik; Murtaza, Ghulam; Shahid, Muhammad; Kunhikrishnan, Anitha; Li, Dongwei; Mahmood, Tariq

2017-07-03

In the present study, we examined sorption of chromate (Cr(VI)) to acid-activated banana peel (AABP) and organo-montmorillonite (O-mont) as a function of pH, initial Cr(VI) concentration at a sorbent dose of 4 g L -1 and at 20 ± 1°C in aqueous solutions. In sorption edge experiments, maximum Cr(VI) removal was obtained at pH 3 after 2 hours by AABP and O-mont (88% and 69%). Sorption isotherm data showed that the sorption capacity of AABP was higher than O-mont (15.1 vs. 6.67 mg g -1 , respectively, at pH 4). Freundlich and Langmuir models provided the best fits to describe Cr(VI) sorption onto AABP (R 2 = 0.97) and O-mont (R 2 = 0.96). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy elucidated that for AABP mainly the -OH, -COOH, -NH 2 , and for O-mont intercalated amines and -OH surface functional groups were involved in Cr(VI) sorption. The scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analyses, although partly, indicate that the (wt. %) proportion of cations (e.g., Ca, Mg) in AABP decreased after Cr(VI) sorption. This may be due to ion exchange of chromite (Cr(III)) (produced from Cr(VI) reduction) with cationic elements in AABP. Also, Cr(VI) desorption (using phosphate solution) from AABP was lower (29%) than that from O-mont (51%) up to the third regeneration cycle. This bench scale comparative study highlights that the utilization of widely available and low-cost acid-activated biomaterials has a greater potential than organo-clays for Cr(VI) removal in aqueous media. However, future studies are warranted to precisely delineate different mechanisms of Cr(VI) sorption/reduction by acid-activated biomaterials and organo-clays.

Natural and induced reduction of hexavalent chromium in soil

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leita, Liviana; Margon, Alja; Sinicco, Tania; Mondini, Claudio; Valentini, Massimiliano; Cantone, Pierpaolo

2013-04-01

Even though naturally elevated levels of chromium can be found naturally in some soils, distressing amounts of the hexavalent form (CrVI) are largely restricted to sites contaminated by anthropogenic activities. In fact, the widespread use of chromium in various industries and the frequently associated inadequate disposal of its by-products and wastes have created serious environmental pollution problems in many parts of the world. CrVI is toxic to plants, animals and humans and exhibits also mutagenic effects. However, being a strong oxidant, CrVI can be readily reduced to the much less harmful trivalent form (CrIII) when suitable electron donors are present in the environment. CrIII is relatively insoluble, less available for biological uptake, and thus definitely less toxic for web-biota. Various electron donors in soil can be involved in CrVI reduction in soil. The efficiency of CrVI reducing abiotic agents such as ferrous iron and sulphur compounds is well documented. Furthermore, CrVI reduction is also known to be significantly enhanced by a wide variety of cell-produced monosaccharides, including glucose. In this study we evaluated the dynamics of hexavalent chromium (CrVI) reduction in contaminated soil amended or not with iron sulphate or/and glucose and assessed the effects of CrVI on native or glucose-induced soil microbial biomass size and activity. CrVI negatively affected both soil microbial activity and the size of the microbial biomass. During the incubation period, the concentration of CrVI in soil decreased over time whether iron sulphate or/and glucose was added or not, but with different reduction rates. Soil therefore displayed a natural attenuation capacity towards chromate reduction. Addition of iron sulphate or/and glucose, however, increased the reduction rate by both abiotic and biotic mechanisms. Our data suggest that glucose is likely to have exerted an indirect role in the increased rate of CrVI reduction by promoting growth of indigenous microbial biomass, while iron sulphate exerted a direct abiotic role.

Human Methadone Self-Administration and the Generalized Matching Law

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spiga, Ralph; Maxwell, R. Stockton; Meisch, Richard A.; Grabowski, John

2005-01-01

The present study examined whether in humans the generalized matching law described the relation between relative responding and relative drug intake by humans under concurrent variable interval variable interval (conc VI VI) schedules of drug reinforcement. Methadone-maintained patients, stabilized on 80 mg per day of methadone, were recruited…

GPS-ABC radiated chamber testing overview and results : GPS-ABC Workshop VI : RTCA Washington, DC, March 30, 2017.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-03-30

This presentation, which was given during the GPS-ABC Workshop VI in Washington, DC on March 30, 2017 details the authors' radiated testing protocols and results. GPS receiver testing was carried out April 25-29, 2016 at the Army : Research Laborator...

Cytotoxic and clastogenic effects of soluble and insoluble compounds containing hexavalent and trivalent chromium.

PubMed Central

Levis, A. G.; Majone, F.

1981-01-01

Cr(III) and Cr(VI) compounds of varying solubilities have been tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit cell growth and nucleic acid and protein syntheses in BHK cells, to induce alterations in the mitotic cycle in HEp cells, and to increase the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in CHO cells. All Cr(VI) compounds, and particularly those containing soluble Cr(VI), such as potassium dichromate and zinc yellow, differentially inhibit macromolecular syntheses in BKH cells, that of DNA being always the most affected. Among Cr(III) compounds, which generally have very low cytotoxicity, chromite is particularly active, and inhibits cell growth and DNA synthesis even more than the poorly soluble Cr(VI) compounds. Preincubation in growth medium, with or without metabolizing cell cultures, solubilizes considerable amounts of Cr(VI) from zinc yellow and chromite, but significant amounts are also obtained from the most insoluble Cr(VI) pigments. When BHK cells are treated with such preincubated solutions, reduction of soluble Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by cell metabolites is seen with all Cr(VI) compounds, accompanied by decreased cytotoxicity. The same differences between Cr(VI) and Cr(III) compounds apply to the cytotoxic effects on mitosis of HEp cells and the clastogenic effects on CHO cells. The activity of chromite, the only Cr(III) pigment capable of significantly increasing the frequency of SCE, is due to contamination with soluble Cr(VI). In contrast to the very low cytotoxicity of Cr(III), much higher chromium levels are detected in the cells incubated with soluble Cr(III) than with the same concentrations of soluble Cr(VI). 50% and 75% of chromium accumulated in the cells during treatments with Cr(VI) and Cr(III) respectively remains firmly bound to the cells, even when they are incubated for up to 48 h in normal growth medium. Chromium accumulated in the cells after treatment with Cr(III) is most probably bound to the cell membrane, whereas some of the Cr(VI) is transported through the cell membrane and reduced in the cell nucleus. The results of the present investigation are in agreement with those obtained with the same Cr(VI) and Cr(III) compounds in mutagenicity assays in bacteria and carcinogenicity tests in rodents. A re-evaluation of the mechanisms of chromium carcinogenisis is proposed. PMID:7272188

Methods for synthesis of semiconductor nanocrystals and thermoelectric compositions

DOEpatents

Ren, Zhifeng [Newton, MA; Chen, Gang [Carlisle, MA; Poudel, Bed [Watertown, MA; Kumar, Shankar [Watertown, MA; Wang, Wenzhong [Newton, MA; Dresselhaus, Mildred [Arlington, MA

2007-08-14

The present invention provides methods for synthesis of IV VI nanostructures, and thermoelectric compositions formed of such structures. In one aspect, the method includes forming a solution of a Group IV reagent, a Group VI reagent and a surfactant. A reducing agent can be added to the solution, and the resultant solution can be maintained at an elevated temperature, e.g., in a range of about 20.degree. C. to about 360.degree. C., for a duration sufficient for generating nanoparticles as binary alloys of the IV VI elements.

Chromium(VI) Removal from Aqueous Solution by Magnetite Coated by a Polymeric Ionic Liquid-Based Adsorbent

PubMed Central

Ferreira, Thania Alexandra; Rodriguez, Jose Antonio; Paez-Hernandez, María Elena; Guevara-Lara, Alfredo; Barrado, Enrique; Hernandez, Prisciliano

2017-01-01

An evaluation of the chromium(VI) adsorption capacity of four magnetite sorbents coated with a polymer phase containing polymethacrylic acid or polyallyl-3-methylimidazolium is presented. Factors that influence the chromium(VI) removal such as solution pH and contact time were investigated in batch experiments and in stirred tank reactor mode. Affinity and rate constants increased with the molar ratio of the imidazolium. The highest adsorption was obtained at pH 2.0 due to the contribution of electrostatic interactions. PMID:28772865

Methods for synthesis of semiconductor nanocrystals and thermoelectric compositions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, Gang (Inventor); Poudel, Bed (Inventor); Kumar, Shankar (Inventor); Dresselhaus, Mildred (Inventor); Ren, Zhifeng (Inventor); Wang, Wenzhong (Inventor)

2007-01-01

The present invention provides methods for synthesis of IV VI nanostructures, and thermoelectric compositions formed of such structures. In one aspect, the method includes forming a solution of a Group IV reagent, a Group VI reagent and a surfactant. A reducing agent can be added to the solution, and the resultant solution can be maintained at an elevated temperature, e.g., in a range of about 20.degree. C. to about 360.degree. C., for a duration sufficient for generating nanoparticles as binary alloys of the IV VI elements.

77 FR 23229 - Submission for OMB Review; Assurance of Compliance-Civil Rights Certificate

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-18

... rights laws, including Title VI, Title IX, Section 504, the Age Discrimination Act, and the Boy Scouts of America Equal Access Act. To meet these responsibilities, OCR collects assurances of compliance from...

Optimization of factors affecting hexavalent chromium removal from simulated electroplating wastewater by synthesized magnetite nanoparticles.

PubMed

Ataabadi, Mitra; Hoodaji, Mehran; Tahmourespour, Arezoo; Kalbasi, Mahmoud; Abdouss, Majid

2015-01-01

Hexavalent chromium is a mutagen and carcinogen that is of significant concern in water and wastewater. In the present study, magnetite nanoparticles (n-Mag) were investigated as a potential remediation technology for the decontamination of Cr (VI)-contaminated wastewater. Synthesized n-Mag was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and BET-N2 technology. To screen and optimize the factors affecting Cr (VI) removal efficiency by synthesized nanoparticles, Plackett-Burman (PB) and Taguchi experimental designs were used respectively. The crystalline produced n-Mag was in the size range of 60-70 nm and had a specific surface area (SSA) of 31.55 m(2) g(-1). Results of PB design showed that the most significant factors affecting Cr (VI) removal efficiency were initial Cr (VI) concentration, pH, n-Mag dosage, and temperature. In a pH of 2, 20 mg L(-1) of Cr (VI) concentration, 4 g L(-1)of n-Mag, temperature of 40 °C, 220 rpm of shaking speed, and 60 min of contact time, the complete removal efficiency of Cr (VI) was achieved. Batch experiments revealed that the removal of Cr (VI) by n-Mag was consistent with pseudo-second order reaction kinetics. The competition from common coexisting ions such as NO₃(-), SO₄(2-), and Cl(-) were not considerable, unless in the higher concentration of SO₄(2-). These results indicated that the readily synthesized magnetite nanoparticles have promising applications for the removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution.

The Reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by Natural Fe-Bearing Minerals: A Synchrotron XAS Study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, H.; Guo, X.; Ding, M.; Migdissov, A. A.; Boukhalfa, H.; Sun, C.; Roback, R. C.; Reimus, P. W.; Katzman, D.

2017-12-01

Cr(VI) in the form of CrO42- is a pollutant species in groundwater and soils that can pose health and environmental problems. Cr(VI) associated with use as a corrosion inhibitor at a power plant from 1956-1972 is present in a deep groundwater aquifer at Los Alamos National Laboratory. A potential remediation strategy for the Cr contamination is reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) via the acceptance of electrons from naturally occurring or induced Fe(II) occurring in Fe-bearing minerals. In this work, using synchrotron-based X-ray techniques, we investigated the Cr reduction behavior by Fe-bearing minerals from outcrop and core samples representative of the contaminated portion of the aquifer. Samples were exposed to solutions with a range of known Cr (VI) concentrations. XANES and EXAFS spectra showed that all the Cr(VI) had been reduced to Cr(III), and micro XRF mapping revealed close correlation of Cr and Fe distribution, implying that Fe(II) in minerals reduced Cr(VI) in the solution. Similar behavior was observed from in-situ XANES measurements on Cr reduction and adsorption by mineral separates from the rock samples in Cr(VI)-bearing solutions. In addition, to obtain reference parameters for interpreting the data of natural samples, we collected Cr and Fe EXAFS spectra of Cr(III)-Fe(III) hydroxide solid solutions, which show progressive changes in the local structure around Cr and Fe over the whole series.

A comparative study with biologically and chemically synthesized nZVI: applications in Cr (VI) removal and ecotoxicity assessment using indigenous microorganisms from chromium-contaminated site.

PubMed

Ravikumar, K V G; Kumar, Deepak; Rajeshwari, A; Madhu, G M; Mrudula, P; Chandrasekaran, Natarajan; Mukherjee, Amitava

2016-02-01

In the present communication, we report a comparative study of Cr (VI) removal using biologically synthesized nano zero valent iron (BS-nZVI) and chemically synthesized nZVI (CS-nZVI), both immobilized in calcium alginate beads. The parameters like initial Cr (VI) concentration, nZVI concentration, and the contact time for Cr (VI) removal were optimized based on Box-Behnken design (BBD) by response surface modeling at a constant pH 7. Under the optimized conditions (concentration of nZVI = 1000 mg L(-1), contact time = ∼ 80 min, and initial concentration of Cr (VI) = 10 mg L(-1)), the Cr (VI) removal by the immobilized BS-nZVI and CS-nZVI alginate beads was 80.04 and 81.08 %, respectively. The adsorption of Cr (VI) onto the surface of alginate beads was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The applicability of the process using both the sorbents was successfully test medium Cr (VI) spiked environmental water samples. In order to assess the ecotoxic effects of nZVI, the decline in cell viability, generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell membrane damage, and biouptake was studied at 1000 mg L(-1) concentration, with five indigenous bacterial isolates from chromium-contaminated lake sediments and their consortium.

Macroscopic and Microscopic Investigation of U(VI) and Eu(III) Adsorption on Carbonaceous Nanofibers.

PubMed

Sun, Yubing; Wu, Zhen-Yu; Wang, Xiangxue; Ding, Congcong; Cheng, Wencai; Yu, Shu-Hong; Wang, Xiangke

2016-04-19

The adsorption mechanism of U(VI) and Eu(III) on carbonaceous nanofibers (CNFs) was investigated using batch, IR, XPS, XANES, and EXAFS techniques. The pH-dependent adsorption indicated that the adsorption of U(VI) on the CNFs was significantly higher than the adsorption of Eu(III) at pH < 7.0. The maximum adsorption capacity of the CNFs calculated from the Langmuir model at pH 4.5 and 298 K for U(VI) and Eu(III) were 125 and 91 mg/g, respectively. The CNFs displayed good recyclability and recoverability by regeneration experiments. Based on XPS and XANES analyses, the enrichment of U(VI) and Eu(III) was attributed to the abundant adsorption sites (e.g., -OH and -COOH groups) of the CNFs. IR analysis further demonstrated that -COOH groups were more responsible for U(VI) adsorption. In addition, the remarkable reducing agents of the R-CH2OH groups were responsible for the highly efficient adsorption of U(VI) on the CNFs. The adsorption mechanism of U(VI) on the CNFs at pH 4.5 was shifted from inner- to outer-sphere surface complexation with increasing initial concentration, whereas the surface (co)precipitate (i.e., schoepite) was observed at pH 7.0 by EXAFS spectra. The findings presented herein play an important role in the removal of radionuclides on inexpensive and available carbon-based nanoparticles in environmental cleanup applications.

40 CFR 63.7142 - What are the requirements for claiming area source status?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... test must be repeated. (v) The post-test analyte spike procedure of section 11.2.7 of ASTM Method D6735... (3) ASTM Method D6735-01, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Gaseous Chlorides and Fluorides...)(3)(i) through (vi) of this section are followed. (i) A test must include three or more runs in which...

40 CFR 63.7142 - What are the requirements for claiming area source status?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... test must be repeated. (v) The post-test analyte spike procedure of section 11.2.7 of ASTM Method D6735... (3) ASTM Method D6735-01, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Gaseous Chlorides and Fluorides...)(3)(i) through (vi) of this section are followed. (i) A test must include three or more runs in which...

40 CFR 63.7142 - What are the requirements for claiming area source status?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... test must be repeated. (v) The post-test analyte spike procedure of section 11.2.7 of ASTM Method D6735... (3) ASTM Method D6735-01, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Gaseous Chlorides and Fluorides...)(3)(i) through (vi) of this section are followed. (i) A test must include three or more runs in which...

40 CFR 63.7142 - What are the requirements for claiming area source status?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... test must be repeated. (v) The post-test analyte spike procedure of section 11.2.7 of ASTM Method D6735... (3) ASTM Method D6735-01, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Gaseous Chlorides and Fluorides...)(3)(i) through (vi) of this section are followed. (i) A test must include three or more runs in which...

40 CFR 63.7142 - What are the requirements for claiming area source status?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... test must be repeated. (v) The post-test analyte spike procedure of section 11.2.7 of ASTM Method D6735... (3) ASTM Method D6735-01, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Gaseous Chlorides and Fluorides...)(3)(i) through (vi) of this section are followed. (i) A test must include three or more runs in which...

40 CFR 63.7741 - What are the installation, operation, and maintenance requirements for my monitors?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section. (i) Locate the flow sensor and other necessary equipment... sensor with a minimum measurement sensitivity of 2 percent of the flow rate. (iii) Conduct a flow sensor... paragraphs (a)(2)(i) through (vi) of this section. (i) Locate the pressure sensor(s) in or as close as...

40 CFR 63.7741 - What are the installation, operation, and maintenance requirements for my monitors?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section. (i) Locate the flow sensor and other necessary equipment... sensor with a minimum measurement sensitivity of 2 percent of the flow rate. (iii) Conduct a flow sensor... paragraphs (a)(2)(i) through (vi) of this section. (i) Locate the pressure sensor(s) in or as close as...

40 CFR 63.7741 - What are the installation, operation, and maintenance requirements for my monitors?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section. (i) Locate the flow sensor and other necessary equipment... sensor with a minimum measurement sensitivity of 2 percent of the flow rate. (iii) Conduct a flow sensor... paragraphs (a)(2)(i) through (vi) of this section. (i) Locate the pressure sensor(s) in or as close as...

76 FR 23349 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

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2011-04-26

... Proposed Rule Change To Eliminate the Expire Time April 20, 2011. Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the... Quotes and Orders, to eliminate the ``Time in Force'' designation called ``Expire Time.'' This change is... eliminate the Expire Time. Currently, Chapter VI, Section 1(g) provides that the term ``Time in Force...

Transmission of Gamma Rays Through Large Thickness of Heavy Materials

DTIC Science & Technology

1950-06-09

succession ot thick- nesaes of material. In this way a rather complete history of the attenuated beam is obtained. The formulation in Section II gives the...vi e -e yfv •-v) ’ q I The quantitiee v and v in this expression are the v 0 and v1 respectively of Section II. It follows that the number of

Broward County Library, Final Performance Report for Library Services and Construction Act (LSCA) Title VI, Library Literacy Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hansen, Janet

This final performance report for the Broward County Library New Reader Services Coordinator literacy project begins with a section that provides quantitative data. The next section compares actual accomplishments to the project objectives for 1992-93, including the hiring of a new reader as coordinator for the project and the establishment of…

Loudoun County Public Library, Final Performance Report for Library Services and Construction Act (LSCA) Title VI, Library Literacy Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holtslander, Linda

This final performance report for the Loudoun County Public Library literacy project begins with a section that provides quantitative data. The next section compares actual accomplishments to the major project objective: to create a non-threatening learning environment at the Transitional Housing Center (THC), a residential homeless shelter.…

78 FR 2998 - Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997: Modifications to the List of Recognized...

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2013-01-15

... on FDA's Internet site at http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/Standards..., and Cosmetic Act (the FD&C Act) (21 U.S.C. 360d). Amended section 514 allows FDA to recognize... accessible at the Agency's Internet site. See section VI of this document for electronic access information...

78 FR 21691 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-11

... Proposed Rule Change Relating to Penny Pilot and Non-Penny Pilot Options April 5, 2013. Pursuant to Section... and the Customer Non-Penny Pilot Options \\4\\ Rebate to Add Liquidity. \\3\\ The Penny Pilot was... of Penny Pilot through June 30, 2013). See also NOM Rules, Chapter VI, Section 5. \\4\\ Non-Penny Pilot...

Chandler Public Library, Final Performance Report for Library Services and Construction Act (LSCA) Title VI, Library Literacy Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Drake, Karen; Rodriguez, Leonard

This final performance report for the Chandler Public Library literacy project for fiscal year 1992 begins with a section that provides quantitative data. The next section compares actual accomplishments to the project goal--to improve the quality of life for illiterate, semiliterate, and non-English-speaking citizens by providing a comprehensive…

76 FR 59663 - Limitations of Duty- and Quota-Free Imports of Apparel Articles Assembled in Beneficiary Sub...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-27

... of Apparel Articles Assembled in Beneficiary Sub-Saharan African Countries From Regional and Third... Acceleration Act of 2004, Pub. L. 108-274; Division D, Title VI, section 6002 of the Tax Relief and Health Care... beneficiary sub-Saharan African countries. Section 112(b)(3) of TDA 2000 provides duty- and quota-free...

ViDa1: The Development and Validation of a New Questionnaire for Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

PubMed Central

Alvarado-Martel, Dácil; Ruiz Fernández, M. Angeles; Cuadrado Vigaray, Maribel; Carrillo, Armando; Boronat, Mauro; Expósito Montesdeoca, Ana; Nattero Chávez, Lía; Pozuelo Sánchez, Maite; López Quevedo, Pino; Santana Suárez, Ana D.; Hillman, Natalia; Subias, David; Martin Vaquero, Pilar; Sáez de Ibarra, Lourdes; Mauricio, Didac; de Pablos-Velasco, Pedro; Nóvoa, Francisco J.; Wägner, Ana M.

2017-01-01

This study describes the development of a new questionnaire to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with type 1 diabetes (the ViDa1 questionnaire) and provides information on its psychometric properties. For its development, open interviews with patients took place and topics relevant to patients' HRQoL were identified and items were generated. Qualitative analysis of items, expert review, and refinement of the questionnaire followed. A pilot study (N = 150) was conducted to explore the underlying structure of the 40-item ViDa1 questionnaire. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed and six of the items that did not load on any of the factors were eliminated. The results supported a four-dimensional structure for ViDa1, the dimensions being Interference of diabetes in everyday life, Self-care, Well-being, and Worry about the disease. Subsequently, the PCA was repeated in a larger sample (N = 578) with the reduced 34-item version of the questionnaire, and a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed (N = 428). Overall fit indices obtained presented adequate values which supported the four-factor model initially proposed [(χ(df=554)2= 2601.93) (p < 0.001); Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.060 (CI = 0.056 −0.064)]. As regards reliability, the four dimensions of the ViDa1 demonstrated good internal consistency, with Cronbach's alphas ranging between 0.71 and 0.86. Evidence of convergent-discriminant validity in the form of high correlations with another specific HRQoL questionnaire for diabetes and low correlations with other constructs such as self-efficacy, anxiety, and depression were presented. The ViDa1 also discriminated between different aspects of clinical interest such as type of insulin treatment, presence of chronic complications, and glycemic control, temporal stability, and sensitivity to change after an intervention. In conclusion, the ViDa1 questionnaire presents adequate psychometric properties and may represent a good alternative for the evaluation of HRQoL in type 1 diabetes. PMID:28620331

ViDa1: The Development and Validation of a New Questionnaire for Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes.

PubMed

Alvarado-Martel, Dácil; Ruiz Fernández, M Angeles; Cuadrado Vigaray, Maribel; Carrillo, Armando; Boronat, Mauro; Expósito Montesdeoca, Ana; Nattero Chávez, Lía; Pozuelo Sánchez, Maite; López Quevedo, Pino; Santana Suárez, Ana D; Hillman, Natalia; Subias, David; Martin Vaquero, Pilar; Sáez de Ibarra, Lourdes; Mauricio, Didac; de Pablos-Velasco, Pedro; Nóvoa, Francisco J; Wägner, Ana M

2017-01-01

This study describes the development of a new questionnaire to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with type 1 diabetes (the ViDa1 questionnaire) and provides information on its psychometric properties. For its development, open interviews with patients took place and topics relevant to patients' HRQoL were identified and items were generated. Qualitative analysis of items, expert review, and refinement of the questionnaire followed. A pilot study ( N = 150) was conducted to explore the underlying structure of the 40-item ViDa1 questionnaire. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed and six of the items that did not load on any of the factors were eliminated. The results supported a four-dimensional structure for ViDa1, the dimensions being Interference of diabetes in everyday life, Self-care, Well-being, and Worry about the disease. Subsequently, the PCA was repeated in a larger sample ( N = 578) with the reduced 34-item version of the questionnaire, and a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed ( N = 428). Overall fit indices obtained presented adequate values which supported the four-factor model initially proposed [([Formula: see text] 2601.93) ( p < 0.001); Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.060 (CI = 0.056 -0.064)]. As regards reliability, the four dimensions of the ViDa1 demonstrated good internal consistency, with Cronbach's alphas ranging between 0.71 and 0.86. Evidence of convergent-discriminant validity in the form of high correlations with another specific HRQoL questionnaire for diabetes and low correlations with other constructs such as self-efficacy, anxiety, and depression were presented. The ViDa1 also discriminated between different aspects of clinical interest such as type of insulin treatment, presence of chronic complications, and glycemic control, temporal stability, and sensitivity to change after an intervention. In conclusion, the ViDa1 questionnaire presents adequate psychometric properties and may represent a good alternative for the evaluation of HRQoL in type 1 diabetes.

Effects of the CO II laser combined with fluoridated toothpaste on human dental enamel demineralization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Azevedo Rodrigues, Lidiany Karla; Alvarez Vidigal, Evelyn; Silva Soares, Luís Eduardo; Abrahão Martin, Airton; Brugnera-Júnior, Aldo; Aparecida Zanin, Fátima Antonia; Nobre dos Santos, Marinês

2006-02-01

This in vitro pilot study investigated the CO II laser effects on demineralization inhibition in sound human dental enamel. Thirty six human enamel specimens were used and randomly assigned to 6 groups, as follows: I) Control; II) 1W; III) 2W; IV) 3W; V) 4W; VI) 5W. Group I one was kept as control and others were irradiated using a pulsed CO II laser (λ=10.6 μm) with low crescent potencies. Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy was used to study the surface composition of specimens after irradiation. One specimen from each group was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and the remaining ones were submitted to an 8-day pH cycling model with use of fluoridated toothpaste twice a day. After pH-cycling, the cross-sectional microhardness was performed for mineral loss (ΔZ) quantification. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tuckey test (α=0.05). No changes were found either in SEM photomicrographies or RAMAN Spectra of the specimens in all groups. The ΔZ values (n=5; mean+/-SD) for I-VI groups were: 1741.6+/-725.3a 1782.7+/-639.0a 1427.2+/-237.0a 1780.6+/-552.4a 1385.2+/-602.2a 943.1+/-228.1a respectively. The highest percentage of caries inhibition was found in group VI (45.8%); however the differences between ΔZ of the groups were not statistically significant. The use of CO II laser with low fluencies did not prevent more caries development than the use of fluoridated toothpaste, even though group VI had present good results in caries inhibition. Energy densities higher than 0.0125 J/cm 2 should be used to promote chemical or morphological changes on enamel surface, which are able of inhibiting mineral.

The U-shaped association between self-reported sleep duration and visual impairment in Korean adults: a population-based study.

PubMed

An, Youngju; Joo, Choun-Ki

2016-10-01

This study aimed to investigate the association between self-reported sleep duration and visual impairment (VI) in Korean adults. This population-based, cross-sectional study examined ophthalmologic data of 16,374 Koreans aged 19 years and older from the 2010-2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES V). VI data (best-corrected distance visual acuity worse than 0.5 logMAR in the better-seeing eye) were obtained from direct ophthalmologic examinations, and data on self-reported sleep duration (≤5, 6, 7, 8, or ≥9 h/night) were obtained using questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between self-reported sleep duration and VI, and we also adjusted for possible covariates. The weighted VI prevalences (95% CIs) were 1.23% (0.70-1.76), 0.40% (0.10-0.70), 0.18% (0.04-0.31), 0.42% (0.26-0.58), and 0.66% (0.25-1.07) for participants who slept ≤5, 6, 7, 8, and ≥9 h/night, respectively. Even after adjusting for demographic factors (age and sex), lifestyle factors (household income, occupation, smoking status, regular exercise, and suicidal thoughts), and medical factors (diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and history of ocular surgery), greater risk of VI was found in the ≤5 h/night (OR = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.43-7.31) and ≥9 h/night (OR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.03-6.41) groups, compared to the 7 h/night group. In Korean adults, self-reported sleep duration and VI exhibited a U-shaped association. Both very short (≤5 h/night) and very long (≥9 h/night) sleep durations were significantly associated with increased VI. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Clinical characterization of cardiovascular abnormalities associated with feline mucopolysaccharidosis I and VI

PubMed Central

Sleeper, Meg M.; Kusiak, Catherine M.; Shofer, Frances S.; O’Donnell, Patricia; Bryan, Caroline; Ponder, Katherine P.; Haskins, Mark E.

2009-01-01

Summary Objective The purpose of this study was to define the cardiovascular abnormalities present in young and adult cats affected with the lysosomal storage diseases mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) I and MPS VI. Method Eighteen cats affected with MPS I and fifteen cats affected with MPS VI were evaluated by physical examination, electrocardiography and echocardiography. Electrocardiograms were performed on all MPS I and all but 7 of the MPS VI cats. Ten unaffected cats underwent complete examinations for comparison purposes. Results No cardiovascular physical examination abnormalities were noted. ECG intervals were normal in affected cats; however, changes consistent with aberrant conduction were noted more frequently than in unaffected cats. Significant echocardiographic abnormalities included valve thickening and regurgitation (aortic and mitral) and aortic root dilation, particularly in the older cats. Conclusion As affected animals increased in age, more cardiac abnormalities were found with increasing severity. MPS I and MPS VI cats have similar cardiovascular findings to those seen in children and MPS VII dogs. PMID:18509743

Adsorptive Removal of Toxic Chromium from Waste-Water Using Wheat Straw and Eupatorium adenophorum

PubMed Central

Song, Dagang; Pan, Kaiwen; Tariq, Akash; Azizullah, Azizullah; Sun, Feng; Li, Zilong; Xiong, Qinli

2016-01-01

Environmental pollution with heavy metals is a serious issue worldwide posing threats to humans, animals and plants and to the stability of overall ecosystem. Chromium (Cr) is one of most hazardous heavy metals with a high carcinogenic and recalcitrant nature. Aim of the present study was to select low-cost biosorbent using wheat straw and Eupatorium adenophorum through simple carbonization process, capable of removing Cr (VI) efficiently from wastewater. From studied plants a low cost adsorbent was prepared for removing Cr (VI) from aqueous solution following very simple carbonization method excluding activation process. Several factors such as pH, contact time, sorbent dosage and temperature were investigated for attaining ideal condition. For analysis of adsorption equilibrium isotherm data, Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models were used while pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, external diffusion and intra-particle diffusion models were used for the analysis of kinetic data. The obtained results revealed that 99.9% of Cr (VI) removal was observed in the solution with a pH of 1.0. Among all the tested models Langmuir model fitted more closely according to the data obtained. Increase in adsorption capacity was observed with increasing temperature revealing endothermic nature of Cr (VI). The maximum Cr (VI) adsorption potential of E. adenophorum and wheat straw was 89.22 mg per 1 gram adsorbent at 308K. Kinetic data of absorption precisely followed pseudo-second-order model. Present study revealed highest potential of E. adenophorum and wheat straw for producing low cost adsorbent and to remove Cr (VI) from contaminated water. PMID:27911906

Adsorptive Removal of Toxic Chromium from Waste-Water Using Wheat Straw and Eupatorium adenophorum.

PubMed

Song, Dagang; Pan, Kaiwen; Tariq, Akash; Azizullah, Azizullah; Sun, Feng; Li, Zilong; Xiong, Qinli

2016-01-01

Environmental pollution with heavy metals is a serious issue worldwide posing threats to humans, animals and plants and to the stability of overall ecosystem. Chromium (Cr) is one of most hazardous heavy metals with a high carcinogenic and recalcitrant nature. Aim of the present study was to select low-cost biosorbent using wheat straw and Eupatorium adenophorum through simple carbonization process, capable of removing Cr (VI) efficiently from wastewater. From studied plants a low cost adsorbent was prepared for removing Cr (VI) from aqueous solution following very simple carbonization method excluding activation process. Several factors such as pH, contact time, sorbent dosage and temperature were investigated for attaining ideal condition. For analysis of adsorption equilibrium isotherm data, Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models were used while pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, external diffusion and intra-particle diffusion models were used for the analysis of kinetic data. The obtained results revealed that 99.9% of Cr (VI) removal was observed in the solution with a pH of 1.0. Among all the tested models Langmuir model fitted more closely according to the data obtained. Increase in adsorption capacity was observed with increasing temperature revealing endothermic nature of Cr (VI). The maximum Cr (VI) adsorption potential of E. adenophorum and wheat straw was 89.22 mg per 1 gram adsorbent at 308K. Kinetic data of absorption precisely followed pseudo-second-order model. Present study revealed highest potential of E. adenophorum and wheat straw for producing low cost adsorbent and to remove Cr (VI) from contaminated water.

Genotoxicity of Tri- and Hexavalent Chromium Compounds In Vivo and Their Modes of Action on DNA Damage In Vitro

PubMed Central

Fang, Zhijia; Zhao, Min; Zhen, Hong; Chen, Lifeng; Shi, Ping; Huang, Zhiwei

2014-01-01

Chromium occurs mostly in tri- and hexavalent states in the environment. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds are extensively used in diverse industries, and trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] salts are used as micronutrients and dietary supplements. In the present work, we report that they both induce genetic mutations in yeast cells. They both also cause DNA damage in both yeast and Jurkat cells and the effect of Cr(III) is greater than that of Cr(VI). We further show that Cr(III) and Cr(VI) cause DNA damage through different mechanisms. Cr(VI) intercalates DNA and Cr(III) interferes base pair stacking. Based on our results, we conclude that Cr(III) can directly cause genotoxicity in vivo. PMID:25111056

Aerospace video imaging systems for rangeland management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Everitt, J. H.; Escobar, D. E.; Richardson, A. J.; Lulla, K.

1990-01-01

This paper presents an overview on the application of airborne video imagery (VI) for assessment of rangeland resources. Multispectral black-and-white video with visible/NIR sensitivity; color-IR, normal color, and black-and-white MIR; and thermal IR video have been used to detect or distinguish among many rangeland and other natural resource variables such as heavy grazing, drought-stressed grass, phytomass levels, burned areas, soil salinity, plant communities and species, and gopher and ant mounds. The digitization and computer processing of VI have also been demonstrated. VI does not have the detailed resolution of film, but these results have shown that it has considerable potential as an applied remote sensing tool for rangeland management. In the future, spaceborne VI may provide additional data for monitoring and management of rangelands.

Health physics division annual progress report for period ending June 30, 1977

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1978-07-01

This annual progress report follows, as in the past, the organizational structure of the Health Physics Division. Each part is a report of work done by a section of the division: Assessment and Technology Section (Part I), headed by H.W. Dickson; Biological and Radiation Physics Section (Part II), H.A. Wright; Chemical Physics and Spectroscopy Section (Part III), W.R. Garrett; Emergency Technology Section (Part IV), C.V. Chester, Medical Physics and Internal Dosimetry Section (Part V), K.E. Cowser; and the Analytic Dosimetry and Education Group (Part VI), J.E. Turner.

Lesion site patterns in severe, nonverbal aphasia to predict outcome with a computer-assisted treatment program.

PubMed

Naeser, M A; Baker, E H; Palumbo, C L; Nicholas, M; Alexander, M P; Samaraweera, R; Prete, M N; Hodge, S M; Weissman, T

1998-11-01

To test whether lesion site patterns in patients with chronic, severe aphasia who have no meaningful spontaneous speech are predictive of outcome following treatment with a nonverbal, icon-based computer-assisted visual communication (C-ViC) program. Retrospective study in which computed tomographic scans performed 3 months after onset of stroke and aphasia test scores obtained before C-ViC therapy were reviewed for patients after receiving C-ViC treatment. A neurology department and speech pathology service of a Department of Veterans Affairs medical center and a university aphasia research center. Seventeen patients with stroke and severe aphasia who began treatment with C-ViC from 3 months to 10 years after onset of stroke. Level of ability to use C-ViC on a personal computer to communicate. All patients with bilateral lesions failed to learn C-ViC. For patients with unilateral left hemisphere lesion sites, statistical analyses accurately discriminated between those who could initiate communication with C-ViC from those who were only able to answer directed questions. The critical lesion areas involved temporal lobe structures (Wernicke cortical area and the subcortical temporal isthmus), supraventricular frontal lobe structures (supplementary motor area or cingulate gyrus 24), and the subcortical medial subcallosal fasciculus, deep to the Broca area. Specific lesion sites were also identified for appropriate candidacy for C-ViC. Lesion site patterns on computed tomographic scans are helpful to define candidacy for C-ViC training, and to predict outcome level. A practical method is presented for clinical application of these lesion site results in combination with aphasia test scores.

Natural attenuation of Cr(VI) contaminated groundwater at two industrial sites in the eastern U.S.A.: A Cr isotope study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Novak, Martin; Hellerich, Lucas A.; Sebek, Ondrej; Andronikov, Alexandre; Chrastny, Vladislav; Curik, Jan; Stepanova, Marketa; Pacherova, Petra; Martinkova, Eva; Prechova, Eva; Veselovsky, Frantisek

2017-04-01

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], found in various compartments of the environment, has generated much interest due to its extreme toxicity and mobility. We studied natural attenuation of Cr(VI)-contaminated groundwater at one site in Connecticut (site A), and one site in New Jersey (site B), U.S.A. Shallow groundwater was contaminated by electroplating solutions at site A, and by water-soluble chromite ore-processing residues at site B. Site A had lower Cr(VI) concentrations of less than 1 mg L-1 in comparison to site B (200 mg L-1). Site A also had lower mean del53Cr values (1.4 per mil) than site B (2.9 per mil). Chromium isotope composition of the pollution sources (plating bath, ore) was known (del53Cr of 0.0 to 0.2 per mil). The positive Cr isotope shift from the pollution source Cr(VI) to groundwater Cr(VI) at both sites indicated that spontaneous Cr(VI) reduction to insoluble Cr(III) is under way. This process is removing toxicity from the groundwater. Del53Cr values of groundwater were strongly positively correlated with the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), but not with divalent Fe and Mn, indicating that DOC may be the main Cr-reducing agent. A Rayleigh model indicated that 30 and 57 % of the original contaminant may have been removed from the groundwater by natural attenuation at site A and B, respectively. Interestingly, del53Cr values of the residual Cr(VI) in the groundwater at site A decreased significantly over the past 15 years, during which the water is being extracted for chemical treatment. At present, older, less fractionated Cr(VI) may be extracted at site A.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Joseph, Claudia; Mibus, Jens; Trepte, Paul

As a contribution to the safety assessment of nuclear waste repositories, U(VI) diffusion through the potential buffer material MX-80 bentonite was investigated at three clay dry densities over six years. Synthetic MX-80 model pore water was used as background electrolyte. Speciation calculations showed that Ca 2UO 2(CO 3) 3(aq) was the main U(VI) species. The in- and out-diffusion of U(VI) was investigated separately. U(VI) diffused about 3 mm, 1.5 mm, and 1 mm into the clay plug at ρ = 1.3, 1.6, and 1.9 g/cm 3, respectively. No through-diffusion of the U(VI) tracer was observed. However, leaching of natural uraniummore » contained in the clay occurred and uranium was detected in all receiving reservoirs. As expected, the effective and apparent diffusion coefficients, D e and D a, decreased with increasing dry density. The D a values for the out-diffusion of natural U(VI) were in good agreement with previously determined values. Surprisingly, D a values for the in-diffusion of U(VI) were about two orders of magnitude lower than values obtained in short-term in-diffusion experiments reported in the literature. Some potential reasons for this behavior that were evaluated are changes of the U(VI) speciation within the clay (precipitation, reduction) or changes of the clay porosity and pore connectivity with time. By applying Archie's law and the extended Archie's law, it was estimated that a significantly smaller effective porosity must be present for the long-term in-diffusion of U(VI). Finally, the results suggest that long-term studies of key transport phenomena may reveal additional processes that can directly impact long-term repository safety assessments.« less

Estimating the Mg# and AlVI content of biotite and chlorite from shortwave infrared reflectance spectroscopy: Predictive equations and recommendations for their use

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lypaczewski, Philip; Rivard, Benoit

2018-06-01

Shortwave infrared (SWIR, 1000-2500 nm) reflectance spectra of biotite and chlorite were investigated to establish quantitative relationships between spectral metrics and mineral chemistry, determined by electron microprobe analysis (EMPA). Samples spanning a broad range of mineral compositions were used to establish regression equations to Mg#, which can be estimated to ±3 and ±5 Mg#, and to AlVI content, which can be estimated to ±0.044 AlVI (11 O) and ±0.09 AlVI (14 O), respectively for biotite and chlorite. Both minerals have absorptions at common positions (1400, 2250, 2330 nm), and spectral interference may occur in mineral mixtures. For an equivalent Mg#, absorptions of chlorite are offset to 1-15 nm higher wavelengths relative to those of biotite. If the incorrect mineral is identified, errors in the estimation of composition may occur. Additionally, the 2250 nm absorption, which is related to Al(Mg,Fe)-OH in both minerals, is strongly affected by both the AlVI content and Mg#. This can lead to erroneous Mg# estimations in low AlVI samples. Recommendations to mitigate these issues are presented.

FIELD EVALUATION OF IN-SITU REDOX MANIPULATION FOR REMEDIATING CHROMIUM CONTAMINATED GROUND WATER AND SEDIMENT

EPA Science Inventory

Historical data from the electroplating shop at the U.S Coast Guard Air Support Center site, Elizabeth City, North Carolina, suggested that the elevated Cr(VI) in the capillary fringe area had contaminated the ground water. Most of the mobile Cr(VI) is present in the capillary z...

Reduction of hexavalent chromium using Aerva lanata L.: elucidation of reduction mechanism and identification of active principles.

PubMed

Poonkuzhali, K; Rajeswari, V; Saravanakumar, T; Viswanathamurthi, P; Park, Seung-Moon; Govarthanan, M; Sathishkumar, P; Palvannan, T

2014-05-15

The effluent discharge treatment for controlling the environment from non biodegradable metal contaminants using plant extract is an efficient technique. The reduction of hexavalent chromium by abundantly available weed, Aerva lanata L. was investigated using batch equilibrium technique. The variables studied were Cr(VI) concentration, Aerva lanata L. dose, contact time, pH, temperature and agitation speed. Cyclic voltammetry and ICP-MS analysis confirmed the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Electrochemical analysis proved that, the chromium has not been degraded and the valency of the chromium has only been changed. ICP-MS analysis shows that 100ng/L of hexavalent chromium was reduced to 97.01ng/L trivalent chromium. These results suggest that components present in the Aerva lanata L. are responsible for the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). The prime components ferulic acid, kaempherol and β-carboline present in the Aerva lanata L. may be responsible for the reduction of Cr(VI) as evident from LC-MS analysis. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sigma Periodic Table Browse

Science.gov Websites

library. • Fission yields. • Pre-calculated integral quantities. • Improved zooming. New in version 3.0 , ENDF/B-VI.8 libraries. • Neutron cross section distributions (MF=3). • Experimental data in EXFOR

ORFEUS spectroscopy of the O BT VI lines in symbiotic stars and the Raman scattering process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schmid, H. M.; Krautter, J.; Appenzeller, I.; Barnstedt, J.; Dumm, T.; Fromm, A.; Gölz, M.; Grewing, M.; Gringel, W.; Haas, C.; Hopfensitz, W.; Kappelmann, N.; Krämer, G.; Lindenberger, A.; Mandel, H.; Mürset, U.; Schild, H.; Schmutz, W.; Widmann, H.

1999-08-01

We present orfeus spectra of the O vi lambda lambda 1032,1038 emission lines in the symbiotic stars AG Dra, V1016 Cyg, RR Tel, CD-43(deg) 14304, AG Peg and Z And. The O vi emission lines can convert into broad and highly polarized emission lines at lambda 6825 and lambda 7082 in a Raman scattering process by neutral hydrogen. From a comparison of direct and Raman scattered radiation we extract new information on the scattering geometry in symbiotic systems. The nebular O vi emission lines are in all objects redshifted by about +40 km s(-1) . This can be explained as a radiative line transfer effect in a slowly expanding emission region. A comparable redshift is measured in the Raman scattered O vi lines. In AG Peg the O vi emissions show beside a narrow nebular line a broad component from a fast stellar wind outflow. Many interstellar absorption lines of molecular hydrogen are detected, particularly near the O vi lambda 1038 component. With model calculations we investigate their impact on the O vi lines. From the dereddened line fluxes of the direct and Raman scattered O vi lines we derive the scattering efficiency, which is defined as photon flux ratio N_Raman/N_O VI. The efficiencies derived for RR Tel, V1016 Cyg and Z And indicate that about 30% of the released O vi lambda 1032 photons interact with the neutral scattering region. The efficiencies for AG Dra and CD-43(deg14304) are much higher, which may suggest that the O vi nebulosity is embedded in a H(0) -region. The D-type system RR Tel shows strong line profile differences between the direct O vi emission, which is single-peaked, and the Raman scattered emission, which is double-peaked. This indicates that the neutral scattering region in RR Tel ``sees'' different O vi line profiles, implying that the O vi nebulosity is far from spherically symmetric. In a tentative model we suggest for RR Tel an O vi flow pattern where material streams from the cool giant towards the hot component, which further accelerates the gas radially. For the S-type systems AG Dra, CD-43(deg14304) and Z And the line profile differences between the direct and the Raman scattered O vi emissions are less pronounced. This may suggest that the O vi profiles depend less on the emission direction than in the D-type system RR Tel. For AG Peg we detect for the first time the Raman scattered emission at lambda 6825. The Raman line shows a narrow, nebular component as the O vi line, but no equivalent emission to the broad O vi wind component. The higher conversion efficiency for the narrow component indicates that the nebular O vi emission is significantly closer to the cool giant than the hot, mass losing component, and strongly supports previous colliding wind models for this object. Based on observations taken during the orfeus-spas i and orfeus-spas ii space shuttle missions, and ground based data collected at the ESO 2.2m and 3.6m telescopes at La Silla, Chile, and the 4.2m William Herschel Telescope at La Palma, Canary Islands. ESO observations were granted for the programs 52.7-040 and 58.D-0866.

Diverse anaerobic Cr(VI) tolerant bacteria from Cr(VI)-contaminated 100H site at Hanford

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chakraborty, R.; Phan, R.; Lam, S.; Leung, C.; Brodie, E. L.; Hazen, T. C.

2007-12-01

Hexavalent Chromium [Cr(VI)] is a widespread contaminant found in soil, sediment, and ground water. Cr(VI) is more soluble, toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic compared to its reduced form Cr(III). In order to stimulate microbially mediated reduction of Cr(VI), a poly-lactate compound HRC was injected into the chromium contaminated aquifers at site 100H at Hanford. Based on the results of the bacterial community composition using high-density DNA microarray analysis of 16S rRNA gene products, we recently investigated the diversity of the dominant anaerobic culturable microbial population present at this site and their role in Cr(VI) reduction. Positive enrichments set up at 30°C using specific defined anaerobic media resulted in the isolation of an iron reducing isolate strain HAF, a sulfate reducing isolate strain HBLS and a nitrate reducing isolate, strain HLN among several others. Preliminary 16S rDNA sequence analysis identifies strain HAF as Geobacter metallireducens, strain HLN as Pseudomonas stutzeri and strain HBLS as a member of Desulfovibrio species. Strain HAF isolated with acetate as the electron donor utilized propionate, glycerol and pyruvate as alternative carbon sources, and reduced metals like Mn(IV) and Cr(VI). Growth was optimal at 37°C, pH of 6.5 and 0% salinity. Strain HLN isolated with lactate as electron donor utilized acetate, glycerol and pyruvate as alternative carbon sources, and reduced metals like Mn(IV) and Cr(VI). Optimal growth was observed at 37°C, at a pH of 7.5 and 0.3% salinity. Anaerobic active washed cell suspension of strain HLN reduced almost 95 micromolar Cr(VI) within 4 hours relative to controls. Further, with 100 micromolar Cr(VI) as the sole electron acceptor, cells of strain HLN grew to cell numbers of 4.05X 107/ml over a period of 24hrs after an initial lag, demonstrating direct enzymatic Cr(VI) reduction by this species. 10mM lactate served as the sole electron donor. These results demonstrate that Cr(VI) immobilization at the Hanford 100H site could be mediated by direct microbial metabolism apart from indirect chemical reduction of Cr(VI) by end products of microbial activity.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

MIchael A. Pope

Six early cores of the MASURCA R-Z program were modeled using ERANOS 2.1. These cores were designed such that their neutron spectra would be similar to that of an oxide-fueled sodium-cooled fast reactor, some containing enriched uranium and others containing depleted uranium and plutonium. Effects of modeling assumptions and solution methods both in ECCO lattice calculations and in BISTRO Sn flux solutions were evaluated using JEFF-3.1 cross-section libraries. Reactivity effects of differences between JEFF-3.1 and ENDF/B-VI.8 were also quantified using perturbation theory analysis. The most important nuclide with respect to reactivity differences between cross-section libraries was 23Na, primarily a resultmore » of differences in the angular dependence of elastic scattering which is more forward-peaked in ENDF/B-VI.8 than in JEFF-3.1. Differences in 23Na inelastic scattering cross-sections between libraries also generated significant differences in reactivity, more due to the differences in magnitude of the cross-sections than the angular dependence. The nuclide 238U was also found to be important with regard to reactivity differences between the two libraries mostly due to a large effect of inelastic scattering differences and two smaller effects of elastic scattering and fission cross-sections. In the cores which contained plutonium, 239Pu fission cross-section differences contributed significantly to the reactivity differences between libraries.« less

Impact of the uranium (VI) speciation in mineralised urines on its extraction by calix[6]arene bearing hydroxamic groups used in chromatography columns.

PubMed

Baghdadi, S; Bouvier-Capely, C; Ritt, A; Peroux, A; Fevrier, L; Rebiere, F; Agarande, M; Cote, G

2015-11-01

Actinides determination in urine samples is part of the analyses performed to monitor internal contamination in case of an accident or a terrorist attack involving nuclear matter. Mineralisation is the first step of any of these analyses. It aims at reducing the sample volume and at destroying all organic compounds present. The mineralisation protocol is usually based on a wet ashing step, followed by actinides co-precipitation and a furnace ashing step, before redissolution and the quantification of the actinides by the appropriate techniques. Amongst the existing methods to perform the actinides co-precipitation, alkali-earth (typically calcium) precipitation is widely used. In the present work, the extraction of uranium(VI), plutonium(IV) and americium(III) from the redissolution solutions (called "mineralised urines") on calix[6]arene columns bearing hydroxamic groups was investigated as such an extraction is a necessary step before their determination by ICP-MS or alpha spectrometry. Difficulties were encountered in the transfer of uranium(VI) from raw to mineralised urines, with yield of transfer ranging between 0% and 85%, compared to about 90% for Pu and Am, depending on the starting raw urines. To understand the origin of such a difficulty, the speciation of uranium (VI) in mineralised urines was investigated by computer simulation using the MEDUSA software and the associated HYDRA database, compiled with recently published data. These calculations showed that the presence of phosphates in the "mineralised urines" leads to the formation of strong uranyl-phosphate complexes (such as UO2HPO4) which compete with the uranium (VI) extraction by the calix[6]arene bearing hydroxamic groups. The extraction constant of uranium (VI) by calix[6]arene bearing hydroxamic groups was determined in a 0.04 mol L(-1) sodium nitrate solution (logK=4.86±0.03) and implemented in an extraction model taking into account the speciation in the aqueous phase. This model allowed to simulate satisfactorily the experimental uranium extraction data and to support the preliminary conclusions about the role of the phosphates present in mineralised urines. These calculations also showed that the phosphate/calcium ratio is a key parameter as far as the efficiency of the uranium (VI) extraction by the calix[6]arene columns is concerned. It predicted that the addition of CaCl2 in mineralised urines would release uranium (VI) from phosphates by forming calcium (II)-phosphate complexes and thus facilitate the uranium (VI) extraction on calix[6]arene columns. These predictions were confirmed experimentally as the addition of 0.1 mol L(-1) CaCl2 to a mineralised urine containing naturally a high concentration of phosphate (typically 0.04 mol L(-1)) significantly increased the percentage of uranium (VI) extraction on the calix[6]arene columns. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Batch and fixed-bed column study for p-nitrophenol, methylene blue, and U(VI) removal by polyvinyl alcohol-graphene oxide macroporous hydrogel bead.

PubMed

Chen, Dan; Zhou, Jun; Wang, Hongyu; Yang, Kai

2018-01-01

There is an increasing need to explore effective and clean approaches for hazardous contamination removal from wastewaters. In this work, a novel bead adsorbent, polyvinyl alcohol-graphene oxide (PVA-GO) macroporous hydrogel bead was prepared as filter media for p-nitrophenol (PNP), dye methylene blue (MB), and heavy metal U(VI) removal from aqueous solution. Batch and fixed-bed column experiments were carried out to evaluate the adsorption capacities of PNP, MB, and U(VI) on this bead. From batch experiments, the maximum adsorption capacities of PNP, MB, and U(VI) reached 347.87, 422.90, and 327.55 mg/g. From the fixed-bed column experiments, the adsorption capacities of PNP, MB, and U(VI) decreased with initial concentration increasing from 100 to 400 mg/L. The adsorption capacities of PNP, MB, and U(VI) decreased with increasing flow rate. Also, the maximum adsorption capacity of PNP decreased as pH increased from 3 to 9, while MB and U(VI) presented opposite tendencies. Furthermore, the bed depth service Time (BDST) model showed good linear relationships for the three ions' adsorption processes in this fixed-bed column, which indicated that the BDST model effectively evaluated and optimized the adsorption process of PVA-GO macroporous hydrogel bead in fixed-bed columns for hazardous contaminant removal from wastewaters.

Toxic effect of Cr(VI) in presence of n-TiO2 and n-Al2O3 particles towards freshwater microalgae.

PubMed

Dalai, Swayamprava; Pakrashi, Sunandan; Bhuvaneshwari, M; Iswarya, V; Chandrasekaran, N; Mukherjee, Amitava

2014-01-01

The reactivity and toxicity of the soluble toxicants in the presence of the engineered nanomaterials is not well explored. In this study, the probable effects of TiO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles (n-TiO2, n-Al2O3) on the toxicity of Cr(VI) were assessed with the dominant freshwater algae, Scenedesmus obliquus, in a low range of exposure concentrations (0.05, 0.5 and 1μg/mL). In the presence of 0.05μg/mL n-TiO2, the toxicity of Cr(VI) decreased considerably, which was presumably due to the Cr(VI) adsorption on the nanoparticle surface leading to its aggregation and precipitation. The elevated n-TiO2 concentrations (0.5 and 1μg/mL) did not significantly influence Cr(VI) bio-availability, and a dose dependent toxicity of Cr(VI) was observed. On the other hand, n-Al2O3 did not have any significant effect on the Cr(VI) toxicity. The microscopic observations presented additional information on the morphological changes of the algal cells in the presence of the binary toxicants. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) suggested contribution of oxidative stress on toxicity and LDH release confirmed membrane permeability of algal cells upon stress. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

New Synthesis of nZVI/C Composites as an Efficient Adsorbent for the Uptake of U(VI) from Aqueous Solutions.

PubMed

Liu, Haibo; Li, Mengxue; Chen, Tianhu; Chen, Changlun; Alharbi, Njud S; Hayat, Tasawar; Chen, Dong; Zhang, Qiang; Sun, Yubing

2017-08-15

New nanoscale zerovalent iron/carbon (nZVI/C) composites were successfully prepared via heating natural hematite and pine sawdust at 800 °C under nitrogen conditions. Characterization by SEM, XRD, FTIR, and XPS analyses indicated that the as-prepared nZVI/C composites contained a large number of reactive sites. The lack of influence of the ionic strength revealed inner-sphere complexation dominated U(VI) uptake by the nZVI/C composites. Simultaneous adsorption and reduction were involved in the uptake process of U(VI) according to the results of XPS and XANES analyses. The presence of U-C/U-U shells demonstrated that innersphere complexation and surface coprecipitation dominated the U(VI) uptake at low and high pH conditions, respectively. The uptake behaviors of U(VI) by the nZVI/C composites were fitted well by surface complexation modeling with two weak and two strong sites. The maximum uptake capacity of U(VI) by the nZVI/C composites was 186.92 mg/g at pH 4.0 and 328 K. Additionally, the nZVI/C composites presented good recyclability and recoverability for U(VI) uptake in regeneration experiments. These observations indicated that the nZVI/C composites can be considered as potential adsorbents to remove radionuclides for environmental remediation.

Ni0 encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanotubes for catalytic reduction of highly toxic hexavalent chromium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yao, Yunjin; Zhang, Jie; Chen, Hao; Yu, Maojing; Gao, Mengxue; Hu, Yi; Wang, Shaobin

2018-05-01

N-doped carbon nanotubes encapsulating Ni0 nanoparticles (Ni@N-C) were fabricated via thermal reduction of dicyandiamide and NiCl2·6H2O, and used to remove CrVI in polluted water. The resultant products present an excellent catalytic activity for CrVI reduction using formic acid under relatively mild conditions. The CrVI reduction efficiency of Ni@N-C was significantly affected by the preparation conditions including the mass of nickel salt and synthesis temperatures. The impacts of several reaction parameters, such as initial concentrations of CrVI and formic acid, solution pH and temperatures, as well as inorganic anions in solution on CrVI reduction efficiency were also evaluated in view of scalable industrial applications. Owing to the synergistic effects amongst tubes-coated Ni0, doped nitrogen, oxygen containing groups, and the configuration of carbon nanotubes, Ni@N-C catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic activity and recyclable capability for CrVI reduction. Carbon shell can efficiently protect inner Ni0 core and N species from corrosion and subsequent leaching, while Ni0 endows the Ni@N-C catalysts with ferromagnetism, so that the composites can be easily separated via a permanent magnet. This study opens up an avenue for design of N-doped carbon nanotubes encapsulating Ni0 nanoparticles with high CrVI removal efficiency and magnetic recyclability as low-cost catalysts for industrial applications.

Hexavalent chromium induces apoptosis in male somatic and spermatogonial stem cells via redox imbalance

PubMed Central

Das, Joydeep; Kang, Min-Hee; Kim, Eunsu; Kwon, Deug-Nam; Choi, Yun-Jung; Kim, Jin-Hoi

2015-01-01

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], an environmental toxicant, causes severe male reproductive abnormalities. However, the actual mechanisms of toxicity are not clearly understood and have not been studied in detail. The present in vitro study aimed to investigate the mechanism of reproductive toxicity of Cr(VI) in male somatic cells (mouse TM3 Leydig cells and TM4 Sertoli cells) and spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) because damage to or dysfunction of these cells can directly affect spermatogenesis, resulting in male infertility. Cr(VI) by inducing oxidative stress was cytotoxic to both male somatic cells and SSCs in a dose-dependent manner, and induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Although the mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced cytotoxicity was similar in both somatic cells, the differences in sensitivity of TM3 and TM4 cells to Cr(VI) could be attributed, at least in part, to cell-specific regulation of P-AKT1, P-ERK1/2, and P-P53 proteins. Cr(VI) affected the differentiation and self-renewal mechanisms of SSCs, disrupted steroidogenesis in TM3 cells, while in TM4 cells, the expression of tight junction signaling and cell receptor molecules was affected as well as the secretory functions were impaired. In conclusion, our results show that Cr(VI) is cytotoxic and impairs the physiological functions of male somatic cells and SSCs. PMID:26355036

A survey of infrared and visual image fusion methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jin, Xin; Jiang, Qian; Yao, Shaowen; Zhou, Dongming; Nie, Rencan; Hai, Jinjin; He, Kangjian

2017-09-01

Infrared (IR) and visual (VI) image fusion is designed to fuse multiple source images into a comprehensive image to boost imaging quality and reduce redundancy information, which is widely used in various imaging equipment to improve the visual ability of human and robot. The accurate, reliable and complementary descriptions of the scene in fused images make these techniques be widely used in various fields. In recent years, a large number of fusion methods for IR and VI images have been proposed due to the ever-growing demands and the progress of image representation methods; however, there has not been published an integrated survey paper about this field in last several years. Therefore, we make a survey to report the algorithmic developments of IR and VI image fusion. In this paper, we first characterize the IR and VI image fusion based applications to represent an overview of the research status. Then we present a synthesize survey of the state of the art. Thirdly, the frequently-used image fusion quality measures are introduced. Fourthly, we perform some experiments of typical methods and make corresponding analysis. At last, we summarize the corresponding tendencies and challenges in IR and VI image fusion. This survey concludes that although various IR and VI image fusion methods have been proposed, there still exist further improvements or potential research directions in different applications of IR and VI image fusion.

Performance of TcI/TcVI/TcII Chagas-Flow ATE-IgG2a for universal and genotype-specific serodiagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection

PubMed Central

Alessio, Glaucia Diniz; de Araújo, Fernanda Fortes; Côrtes, Denise Fonseca; Sales Júnior, Policarpo Ademar; Lima, Daniela Cristina; Gomes, Matheus de Souza; do Amaral, Laurence Rodrigues; Xavier, Marcelo Antônio Pascoal; Teixeira-Carvalho, Andréa; Martins-Filho, Olindo Assis; de Lana, Marta

2017-01-01

Distinct Trypanosoma cruzi genotypes have been considered relevant for patient management and therapeutic response of Chagas disease. However, typing strategies for genotype-specific serodiagnosis of Chagas disease are still unavailable and requires standardization for practical application. In this study, an innovative TcI/TcVI/TcII Chagas Flow ATE-IgG2a technique was developed with applicability for universal and genotype-specific diagnosis of T. cruzi infection. For this purpose, the reactivity of serum samples (percentage of positive fluorescent parasites-PPFP) obtained from mice chronically infected with TcI/Colombiana, TcVI/CL or TcII/Y strain as well as non-infected controls were determined using amastigote-AMA, trypomastigote-TRYPO and epimastigote-EPI in parallel batches of TcI, TcVI and TcII target antigens. Data demonstrated that “α-TcII-TRYPO/1:500, cut-off/PPFP = 20%” presented an excellent performance for universal diagnosis of T. cruzi infection (AUC = 1.0, Se and Sp = 100%). The combined set of attributes “α-TcI-TRYPO/1:4,000, cut-off/PPFP = 50%”, “α-TcII-AMA/1:1,000, cut-off/PPFP = 40%” and “α-TcVI-EPI/1:1,000, cut-off/PPFP = 45%” showed good performance to segregate infections with TcI/Colombiana, TcVI/CL or TcII/Y strain. Overall, hosts infected with TcI/Colombiana and TcII/Y strains displayed opposite patterns of reactivity with “α-TcI TRYPO” and “α-TcII AMA”. Hosts infected with TcVI/CL strain showed a typical interweaved distribution pattern. The method presented a good performance for genotype-specific diagnosis, with global accuracy of 69% when the population/prototype scenario include TcI, TcVI and TcII infections and 94% when comprise only TcI and TcII infections. This study also proposes a receiver operating reactivity panel, providing a feasible tool to classify serum samples from hosts infected with distinct T. cruzi genotypes, supporting the potential of this method for universal and genotype-specific diagnosis of T. cruzi infection. PMID:28333926

Visual Impairment and Blindness in Adults in the United States: Demographic and Geographic Variations From 2015 to 2050.

PubMed

Varma, Rohit; Vajaranant, Thasarat S; Burkemper, Bruce; Wu, Shuang; Torres, Mina; Hsu, Chunyi; Choudhury, Farzana; McKean-Cowdin, Roberta

2016-07-01

The number of individuals with visual impairment (VI) and blindness is increasing in the United States and around the globe as a result of shifting demographics and aging populations. Tracking the number and characteristics of individuals with VI and blindness is especially important given the negative effect of these conditions on physical and mental health. To determine the demographic and geographic variations in VI and blindness in adults in the US population in 2015 and to estimate the projected prevalence through 2050. In this population-based, cross-sectional study, data were pooled from adults 40 years and older from 6 major population-based studies on VI and blindness in the United States. Prevalence of VI and blindness were reported by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and per capita prevalence by state using the US Census projections (January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2050). Prevalence of VI and blindness. In 2015, a total of 1.02 million people were blind, and approximately 3.22 million people in the United States had VI (best-corrected visual acuity in the better-seeing eye), whereas up to 8.2 million people had VI due to uncorrected refractive error. By 2050, the numbers of these conditions are projected to double to approximately 2.01 million people with blindness, 6.95 million people with VI, and 16.4 million with VI due to uncorrected refractive error. The highest numbers of these conditions in 2015 were among non-Hispanic white individuals (2.28 million), women (1.84 million), and older adults (1.61 million), and these groups will remain the most affected through 2050. However, African American individuals experience the highest prevalence of visual impairment and blindness. By 2050, the highest prevalence of VI among minorities will shift from African American individuals (15.2% in 2015 to 16.3% in 2050) to Hispanic individuals (9.9% in 2015 to 20.3% in 2050). From 2015 to 2050, the states projected to have the highest per capita prevalence of VI are Florida (2.56% in 2015 to 3.98% in 2050) and Hawaii (2.35% in 2015 and 3.93% in 2050), and the states projected to have the highest projected per capita prevalence of blindness are Mississippi (0.83% in 2015 to 1.25% in 2050) and Louisiana (0.79% in 2015 to 1.20% in 2050). These data suggest that vision screening for refractive error and early eye disease may reduce or prevent a high proportion of individuals from experiencing unnecessary vision loss and blindness, decrease associated costs to the US economy for medical services and lost productivity, and contribute to better quality of life. Targeted education and screening programs for non-Hispanic white women and minorities should become increasingly important because of the projected growth of these populations and their relative contribution to the overall numbers of these conditions.

A role for transforming growth factor-{beta} apoptotic signaling pathway in liver injury induced by ingestion of water contaminated with high levels of Cr(VI)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rafael, A.I.; Almeida, A.; Santos, P.

2007-10-15

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] exposure is commonly associated with lung cancer. Although other adverse health effects have been reported, some authors, on assuming that orally ingested Cr(VI) is efficiently detoxified upon reduction by body fluids, believe that Cr(VI) do not target cells other than respiratory tract cells. In rodents, ingested Cr(VI)-contaminated water was reported to induce, in the liver, increases in TGF-{beta} transcripts. As TGF-{beta} dependent signaling pathways are closely associated with hepatic injury, the present study was undertaken addressing two specific issues: the effects of ingestion of water contaminated with high levels of Cr(VI) in rat liver structure and function;more » and the role of the TGF-{beta} pathway in Cr(VI)-induced liver injury. Examination of Wistar rats exposed to 20 ppm Cr(VI)-contaminated water for 10 weeks showed increased serum glucose and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Liver histological examination revealed hepatocellular apoptosis, further confirmed by immunohystochemical study of Caspase 3 expression. Liver gene expression analysis revealed increased expression of Smad2/Smad4 and Dapk, suggesting the involvement of the TGF-{beta} pathway in the apoptotic process. Since no changes in Smad3 expression were observed it appears apoptosis is using a Smad3-independent pathway. Increased expression of both Caspase 8 and Daxx genes suggests also the involvement of the Fas pathway. Gene expression analysis also revealed that a p160{sup ROCK}-Rho-independent pathway operates, leading to cell contraction and membrane blebbing, characteristic apoptotic features. These findings suggest that either the amount of Cr(VI) ingested overwhelmed the body fluids reductive capacity or some Cr(VI) escapes the reductive protection barrier, thus targeting the liver and inducing apoptosis.« less

Chromium in Drinking Water: Sources, Metabolism, and Cancer Risks

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Drinking water supplies in many geographic areas contain chromium in the +3 and +6 oxidation states. Public health concerns are centered on the presence of hexavalent Cr that is classified as a known human carcinogen via inhalation. Cr(VI) has high environmental mobility and can originate from anthropogenic and natural sources. Acidic environments with high organic content promote the reduction of Cr(VI) to nontoxic Cr(III). The opposite process of Cr(VI) formation from Cr(III) also occurs, particularly in the presence of common minerals containing Mn(IV) oxides. Limited epidemiological evidence for Cr(VI) ingestion is suggestive of elevated risks for stomach cancers. Exposure of animals to Cr(VI) in drinking water induced tumors in the alimentary tract, with linear and supralinear responses in the mouse small intestine. Chromate, the predominant form of Cr(VI) at neutral pH, is taken up by all cells through sulfate channels and is activated nonenzymatically by ubiquitously present ascorbate and small thiols. The most abundant form of DNA damage induced by Cr(VI) is Cr-DNA adducts, which cause mutations and chromosomal breaks. Emerging evidence points to two-way interactions between DNA damage and epigenetic changes that collectively determine the spectrum of genomic rearrangements and profiles of gene expression in tumors. Extensive formation of DNA adducts, clear positivity in genotoxicity assays with high predictive values for carcinogenicity, the shape of tumor–dose responses in mice, and a biological signature of mutagenic carcinogens (multispecies, multisite, and trans-sex tumorigenic potency) strongly support the importance of the DNA-reactive mutagenic mechanisms in carcinogenic effects of Cr(VI). Bioavailability results and kinetic considerations suggest that 10–20% of ingested low-dose Cr(VI) escapes human gastric inactivation. The directly mutagenic mode of action and the incompleteness of gastric detoxification argue against a threshold in low-dose extrapolation of cancer risk for ingested Cr(VI). PMID:21766833

Evaluation of extraction methods for hexavalent chromium determination in dusts, ashes, and soils

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wolf, Ruth E.; Wilson, Stephen A.

2010-01-01

One of the difficulties in performing speciation analyses on solid samples is finding a suitable extraction method. Traditional methods for extraction of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in soils, such as SW846 Method 3060A, can be tedious and are not always compatible with some determination methods. For example, the phosphate and high levels of carbonate and magnesium present in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Method 3060A digestion for Cr(VI) were found to be incompatible with the High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) detection method used by our laboratory. Modification of Method 3060A by eliminating the use of the phosphate buffer provided improved performance with the detection method, however dilutions are still necessary to achieve good chromatographic separation and detection of Cr(VI). An ultrasonic extraction method using a 1 mM Na2CO3 - 9 mM NaHCO3 buffer solution, adapted from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Method ID215, has been used with good results for the determination of Cr(VI) in air filters. The average recovery obtained for BCR-545 - Welding Dust Loaded on Filter (IRMM, Belgium) using this method was 99 percent (1.2 percent relative standard deviation) with no conversion of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) during the extraction process. This ultrasonic method has the potential for use with other sample matrices, such as ashes and soils. Preliminary investigations using NIST 2701 (Hexavalent Chromium in Contaminated Soil) loaded onto quartz filters showed promising results with approximately 90 percent recovery of the certified Cr(VI) value. Additional testing has been done using NIST 2701 and NIST 2700 using different presentation methods. Extraction efficiency of bulk presentation, where small portions of the sample are added to the bottom of the extraction vessel, will be compared with supported presentation, where small portions of the sample are loaded onto a quartz filter prior to extraction. In addition, results obtained from the standard grinding preparation of NIST 2701 and NIST 2700 will be compared with micronizing to reduce particle size before extraction.

Postflight analysis of the single-axis acoustic system on SPAR VI and recommendations for future flights

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Naumann, R. J.; Oran, W. A.; Whymark, R. R.; Rey, C.

1981-01-01

The single axis acoustic levitator that was flown on SPAR VI malfunctioned. The results of a series of tests, analyses, and investigation of hypotheses that were undertaken to determine the probable cause of failure are presented, together with recommendations for future flights of the apparatus. The most probable causes of the SPAR VI failure were lower than expected sound intensity due to mechanical degradation of the sound source, and an unexpected external force that caused the experiment sample to move radially and eventually be lost from the acoustic energy well.

Chromium immobilization by extra- and intraradical fungal structures of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses.

PubMed

Wu, Songlin; Zhang, Xin; Sun, Yuqing; Wu, Zhaoxiang; Li, Tao; Hu, Yajun; Lv, Jitao; Li, Gang; Zhang, Zhensong; Zhang, Jing; Zheng, Lirong; Zhen, Xiangjun; Chen, Baodong

2016-10-05

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can enhance plant Cr tolerance through immobilizing Cr in mycorrhizal roots. However, the detailed processes and mechanisms are unclear. The present study focused on cellular distribution and speciation of Cr in both extraradical mycelium (ERM) and mycorrhizal roots exposed to Cr(VI) by using field emission scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (FE-SEM-EDS), scanning transmission soft X-ray microscopy (STXM) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy techniques. We found that amounts of particles (possibly extracellular polymeric substances, EPS) were produced on the AM fungal surface upon Cr(VI) stress, which contributed greatly to Cr(VI) reduction and immobilization. With EDS of the surface of AM fungi exposed to various Cr(VI) levels, a positive correlation between Cr and P was revealed, suggesting that phosphate groups might act as counter ions of Cr(III), which was also confirmed by the XAFS analysis. Besides, STXM and XAFS analyses showed that Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III) in AM fungal structures (arbuscules, intraradical mycelium, etc.) and cell walls in mycorrhizal roots, and complexed possibly with carboxyl groups or histidine analogues. The present work provided evidence of Cr immobilization on fungal surface and in fungal structures in mycorrhizal roots at a cellular level, and thus unraveled the underlying mechanisms by which AM symbiosis immobilize Cr. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

ViSA: a neurodynamic model for visuo-spatial working memory, attentional blink, and conscious access.

PubMed

Simione, Luca; Raffone, Antonino; Wolters, Gezinus; Salmas, Paola; Nakatani, Chie; Belardinelli, Marta Olivetti; van Leeuwen, Cees

2012-10-01

Two separate lines of study have clarified the role of selectivity in conscious access to visual information. Both involve presenting multiple targets and distracters: one simultaneously in a spatially distributed fashion, the other sequentially at a single location. To understand their findings in a unified framework, we propose a neurodynamic model for Visual Selection and Awareness (ViSA). ViSA supports the view that neural representations for conscious access and visuo-spatial working memory are globally distributed and are based on recurrent interactions between perceptual and access control processors. Its flexible global workspace mechanisms enable a unitary account of a broad range of effects: It accounts for the limited storage capacity of visuo-spatial working memory, attentional cueing, and efficient selection with multi-object displays, as well as for the attentional blink and associated sparing and masking effects. In particular, the speed of consolidation for storage in visuo-spatial working memory in ViSA is not fixed but depends adaptively on the input and recurrent signaling. Slowing down of consolidation due to weak bottom-up and recurrent input as a result of brief presentation and masking leads to the attentional blink. Thus, ViSA goes beyond earlier 2-stage and neuronal global workspace accounts of conscious processing limitations. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved.

Galactic and Circumgalactic O VI and its Impact on the Cosmological Metal and Baryon Budgets at 2 < z <~ 3.5

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lehner, N.; O'Meara, J. M.; Fox, A. J.; Howk, J. C.; Prochaska, J. X.; Burns, V.; Armstrong, A. A.

2014-06-01

We present the first results from our NASA Keck Observatory Database of Ionized Absorbers toward Quasars (KODIAQ) survey which aims to characterize the properties of the highly ionized gas of galaxies and their circumgalactic medium (CGM) at 2 < z < 4. We select absorbers optically thick at the Lyman limit (τLL > 1, log N_{H\\,\\scriptsize{I}} \\textgreater 17.3) as probes of these galaxies and their CGM where both transitions of the O VI doublet have little contamination from the Lyα, β forests. We found 20 absorbers that satisfy these rules: 7 Lyman limit systems (LLSs), 8 super-LLSs (SLLSs) and 5 damped Lyα (DLAs). The O VI detection rate is 100% for the DLAs, 71% for the LLSs, and 63% for the SLLSs. When O VI is detected, log \\langle N_{O\\,\\scriptsize{VI}} \\rangle = 14.9 +/- 0.3, an average O VI column density substantially larger and with a smaller dispersion than found in blind O VI surveys at similar redshifts. Strong O VI absorption is therefore nearly ubiquitous in the CGM of z ~ 2-3 galaxies. The total velocity widths of the O VI profiles are also large (200 \\le \\Delta v_{O\\,\\scriptsize{VI}} \\le 400 km s-1). These properties are quite similar to those seen for O VI in low-z star-forming galaxies, and therefore we hypothesize that these strong CGM O VI absorbers (with τLL > 1) at 2 < z <~ 3.5 also probe outflows of star-forming galaxies. The LLSs and SLLSs with no O VI absorption have properties consistent with those seen in cosmological simulations tracing cold streams feeding galaxies. When the highly ionized (Si IV and O VI) gas is taken into account, we determine that the τLL > 1 absorbers could contain as much as 3%-14% of the cosmic baryon budget at z ~ 2-3, only second to the Lyα forest. We conservatively show that 5%-20% of the metals ever produced at z ~ 2-3 are in form of highly ionized metals ejected in the CGM of galaxies. We dedicate this paper and the KODIAQ project to the memory and families of Wal Sargent and Arthur M. Wolfe. Without the vision and terrific efforts of these two scientists, this survey would not exist. Their careers have greatly inspired and influenced our own, and we hope that their work continues to flourish with this archival data set.

40 CFR 52.2120 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Kraft Pulp and Paper Manufacturing 4/29/88 10/03/89 54 FR 40662. Section IV Portland Cement... Gins 3/24/86 2/17/87 52 FR 4772. Section VI Hot Mix Asphalt Plants 6/05/85 10/03/89 54 FR 40660.... Part C Surface Coating of Paper, Vinyl,& Fabric 8/22/79 12/16/81 46 FR 61268. Part D Surface Coating of...

49 CFR 1.25a - Redelegations by the Under Secretary of Transportation for Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... facilities. (vi) Section 11 of the Clayton Act, Public Law 63-212 [15 U.S.C. 21], relating to air carriers... section 101(a)(2) of the Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act, Public Law 107-42 [49 U.S... National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, Public Law 91-190, as amended (42 U.S.C. 4321-4347) within the...

49 CFR 1.25a - Redelegations by the Under Secretary of Transportation for Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... facilities. (vi) Section 11 of the Clayton Act, Public Law 63-212 [15 U.S.C. 21], relating to air carriers... section 101(a)(2) of the Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act, Public Law 107-42 [49 U.S... National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, Public Law 91-190, as amended (42 U.S.C. 4321-4347) within the...

49 CFR 1.25a - Redelegations by the Under Secretary of Transportation for Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... facilities. (vi) Section 11 of the Clayton Act, Public Law 63-212 [15 U.S.C. 21], relating to air carriers... section 101(a)(2) of the Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act, Public Law 107-42 [49 U.S... National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, Public Law 91-190, as amended (42 U.S.C. 4321-4347) within the...

DeKalb County Public Library, Final Performance Report for Library Services and Construction Act (LSCA) Title VI, Library Literacy Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Des Enfants, Sherry

This DeKalb County Public Library family literacy project final performance report begins with a section that provides quantitative data on the project. The next section compares actual accomplishments to the following project objectives for fiscal year 1993: (1) to update eight existing literacy collections in branch libraries by the addition of…

Methods for determining soluble and insoluble Cr III and Cr VI compounds in welding fumes.

PubMed

Matczak, W; Chmielnicka, J

1989-01-01

An analytical procedure for simultaneous determination of soluble and insoluble Cr III and Cr VI compounds in welding fumes has been proposed. In the welding fume samples collected on a membrane filter, total chromium was determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Glass filters with collected samples were divided into two parts. In one part of the sample, soluble and insoluble chromium was determined by means of AAS. The separation of soluble chromium III and VI was carried out on diphenylcarbazide resin. In the second part of the sample total chromium VI was determined by means of the colorimetric method with s-diphenylcarbazide. The difference in the results of these determinations allowed the calculation of the content of total Cr III, Cr III insolub. and Cr VI insolub. The results of determining chromium compounds in welding fumes samples collected in the welder's breathing zone and in experimental chambers are also presented in this paper. The content of total chromium in the fumes determined by AAS (from a membrane filtr) and that calculated from the sum of soluble and insoluble chromium (from a glass filter) were concordant and within the limits of the admissible error for the method. Total chromium content in welding fume samples collected individually was found to range from 2.4-4.2%. The percentage of particular chromium compounds as compared to total chromium (100%) amounted: total Cr III--34%, total Cr VI--66%, soluble chromium--66% and in this Cr III--20% and Cr VI--43%, insoluble chromium--34% and in this: Cr III--14% and Cr VI--20%.

40 CFR 80.1467 - What are the additional requirements under this subpart for a foreign RIN owner?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... by independent auditors under the requirements of this section, including work papers. (vi... Certified Public Accountant in the United States and a citizen of the United States, or be approved in...

40 CFR 80.1467 - What are the additional requirements under this subpart for a foreign RIN owner?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... by independent auditors under the requirements of this section, including work papers. (vi... Certified Public Accountant in the United States and a citizen of the United States, or be approved in...

40 CFR 80.1165 - What are the additional requirements under this subpart for a foreign small refiner?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... requirements of this section, including work papers. (vi) Inspections and audits by EPA may include... a Certified Public Accountant in the United States and a citizen of the United States, or be...

40 CFR 80.1467 - What are the additional requirements under this subpart for a foreign RIN owner?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... by independent auditors under the requirements of this section, including work papers. (vi... Certified Public Accountant in the United States and a citizen of the United States, or be approved in...

40 CFR 80.1165 - What are the additional requirements under this subpart for a foreign small refiner?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... requirements of this section, including work papers. (vi) Inspections and audits by EPA may include... a Certified Public Accountant in the United States and a citizen of the United States, or be...

48 CFR 23.801 - Authorities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Authorities. 23.801 Section 23.801 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION SOCIOECONOMIC... DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE Ozone-Depleting Substances 23.801 Authorities. (a) Title VI of the Clean Air Act...

Reduction of hexavalent chromium by fasted and fed human gastric fluid. II. Ex vivo gastric reduction modeling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kirman, Christopher R., E-mail: ckirman@summittoxi

To extend previous models of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] reduction by gastric fluid (GF), ex vivo experiments were conducted to address data gaps and limitations identified with respect to (1) GF dilution in the model; (2) reduction of Cr(VI) in fed human GF samples; (3) the number of Cr(VI) reduction pools present in human GF under fed, fasted, and proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-use conditions; and (4) an appropriate form for the pH-dependence of Cr(VI) reduction rate constants. Rates and capacities of Cr(VI) reduction were characterized in gastric contents from fed and fasted volunteers, and from fasted pre-operative patients treated with PPIs.more » Reduction capacities were first estimated over a 4-h reduction period. Once reduction capacity was established, a dual-spike approach was used in speciated isotope dilution mass spectrometry analyses to characterize the concentration-dependence of the 2nd order reduction rate constants. These data, when combined with previously collected data, were well described by a three-pool model (pool 1 = fast reaction with low capacity; pool 2 = slow reaction with higher capacity; pool 3 = very slow reaction with higher capacity) using pH-dependent rate constants characterized by a piecewise, log-linear relationship. These data indicate that human gastric samples, like those collected from rats and mice, contain multiple pools of reducing agents, and low concentrations of Cr(VI) (< 0.7 mg/L) are reduced more rapidly than high concentrations. The data and revised modeling results herein provide improved characterization of Cr(VI) gastric reduction kinetics, critical for Cr(VI) pharmacokinetic modeling and human health risk assessment. - Highlights: • SIDMS allows for measurement of Cr(VI) reduction rate in gastric fluid ex vivo • Human gastric fluid has three reducing pools • Cr(VI) in drinking water at < 0.7 mg/L is rapidly reduced in human gastric fluid • Reduction rate is concentration- and pH-dependent • A refined PK model is used to characterize inter-individual variability in Cr(VI) gastric reduction capacity.« less

Zero-valent iron for the abatement of arsenate and selenate from flowback water of hydraulic fracturing.

PubMed

Sun, Yuqing; Chen, Season S; Tsang, Daniel C W; Graham, Nigel J D; Ok, Yong Sik; Feng, Yujie; Li, Xiang-Dong

2017-01-01

Zero-valent iron (ZVI) was tested for the removal of 150 μg L -1 As(V) and 350 μg L -1 Se(VI) in high-salinity (ionic strength 0.35-4.10 M) flowback water of hydraulic fracturing. Over 90% As(V) and Se(VI) was removed by 2.5 g L -1 ZVI in Day-14 flowback water up to 96-h reaction, with the remaining concentration below the maximum contaminant level for As(V) and criterion continuous concentration for Se(VI) recommended by US EPA. The kinetics of As(V) and Se(VI) removal followed a pseudo-second-order rate expression with the observed rates of 4.51 × 10 -2 -4.91 × 10 -1 and 3.48 × 10 -2 -6.58 × 10 -1 h -1 (with 0.5-10 g L -1 ZVI), respectively. The results showed that Se(VI) removal significantly decreased with increasing ionic strength, while As(V) removal showed little variation. Common competing anions (nitrate, bicarbonate, silicate, and phosphate), present in shallow groundwater and stormwater, caused marginal Se(VI) desorption (2.42 ± 0.13%) and undetectable As(V) desorption from ZVI. The competition between As(V) and Se(VI) for ZVI removal depended on the initial molar ratio and surface sites, which occurred when the Se(VI) concentration was higher than the As(V) concentration in this study. The characterization of As(V)- and Se(VI)-loaded ZVI by X-ray diffraction and Raman analysis revealed that ZVI gradually converted to magnetite/maghemite corrosion products with lepidocrocite in flowback water over 30 days. Similar corrosion compositions were confirmed in aerobic and anaerobic conditions regardless of the molar ratio of As(V) to Se(VI). The high reactivity and stability of ZVI showed its suitability for in-situ prevention of As(V) and Se(VI) migration due to accidental leakage, spillage, or overflow of flowback water. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Transgenerational inheritance of an acquired small RNA-based antiviral response in C.elegans

PubMed Central

Rechavi, Oded; Minevich, Gregory; Hobert, Oliver

2011-01-01

Induced expression of the Flock House virus in the soma of C. elegans results in the RNAi-dependent production of virus-derived, small interfering RNAs (viRNAs), which in turn silence the viral genome. We show here that the viRNA-mediated viral silencing effect is transmitted in a non-Mendelian manner to many ensuing generations. We show that the viral silencing agents, viRNAs, are transgenerationally transmitted in a template-independent manner and work in trans to silence viral genomes present in animals that are deficient in producing their own viRNAs. These results provide evidence for the transgenerational inheritance of an acquired trait, induced by the exposure of animals to a specific, biologically relevant physiological challenge. The ability to inherit such extragenic information may provide adaptive benefits to an animal. PMID:22119442

A Process Evaluation of Project Developmental Continuity. Interim Report VI: Executive Summary. Recommendations for Continuing the Impact Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Granville, Arthur C.; Love, John M.

This brief report summarizes the analysis and conclusions presented in detail in Interim Report VI regarding the feasibility of conducting a longitudinal study of Project Developmental Continuity (PDC). This project is a Head Start demonstration program aimed at providing educational and developmental continuity between children's Head Start and…

Viète's Formula and an Error Bound without Taylor's Theorem

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boucher, Chris

2018-01-01

This note presents a derivation of Viète's classic product approximation of pi that relies on only the Pythagorean Theorem. We also give a simple error bound for the approximation that, while not optimal, still reveals the exponential convergence of the approximation and whose derivation does not require Taylor's Theorem.

Combinations of Response-Dependent and Response-Independent Schedule-Correlated Stimulus Presentation in an Observing Procedure

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DeFulio, Anthony; Hackenberg, Timothy D.

2008-01-01

Pigeons pecked a response key on a variable-interval (VI) schedule, in which responses produced food every 40 s, on average. These VI periods, or components, alternated in irregular fashion with extinction components in which food was unavailable. Pecks on a second (observing) key briefly produced exteroceptive stimuli (houselight flashes)…

Designing tools for oil exploration using nuclear modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mauborgne, Marie-Laure; Allioli, Françoise; Manclossi, Mauro; Nicoletti, Luisa; Stoller, Chris; Evans, Mike

2017-09-01

When designing nuclear tools for oil exploration, one of the first steps is typically nuclear modeling for concept evaluation and initial characterization. Having an accurate model, including the availability of accurate cross sections, is essential to reduce or avoid time consuming and costly design iterations. During tool response characterization, modeling is benchmarked with experimental data and then used to complement and to expand the database to make it more detailed and inclusive of more measurement environments which are difficult or impossible to reproduce in the laboratory. We present comparisons of our modeling results obtained using the ENDF/B-VI and ENDF/B-VII cross section data bases, focusing on the response to a few elements found in the tool, borehole and subsurface formation. For neutron-induced inelastic and capture gamma ray spectroscopy, major obstacles may be caused by missing or inaccurate cross sections for essential materials. We show examples of the benchmarking of modeling results against experimental data obtained during tool characterization and discuss observed discrepancies.

AMPX-77: A modular code system for generating coupled multigroup neutron-gamma cross-section libraries from ENDF/B-IV and/or ENDF/B-V

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Greene, N.M.; Ford, W.E. III; Petrie, L.M.

AMPX-77 is a modular system of computer programs that pertain to nuclear analyses, with a primary emphasis on tasks associated with the production and use of multigroup cross sections. AH basic cross-section data are to be input in the formats used by the Evaluated Nuclear Data Files (ENDF/B), and output can be obtained in a variety of formats, including its own internal and very general formats, along with a variety of other useful formats used by major transport, diffusion theory, and Monte Carlo codes. Processing is provided for both neutron and gamma-my data. The present release contains codes all writtenmore » in the FORTRAN-77 dialect of FORTRAN and wig process ENDF/B-V and earlier evaluations, though major modules are being upgraded in order to process ENDF/B-VI and will be released when a complete collection of usable routines is available.« less

Role of Environmental Factors in Shaping Spatial Distribution of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi, Fiji.

PubMed

de Alwis, Ruklanthi; Watson, Conall; Nikolay, Birgit; Lowry, John H; Thieu, Nga Tran Vu; Van, Tan Trinh; Ngoc, Dung Tran Thi; Rawalai, Kitione; Taufa, Mere; Coriakula, Jerimaia; Lau, Colleen L; Nilles, Eric J; Edmunds, W John; Kama, Mike; Baker, Stephen; Cano, Jorge

2018-02-01

Fiji recently experienced a sharp increase in reported typhoid fever cases. To investigate geographic distribution and environmental risk factors associated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi infection, we conducted a cross-sectional cluster survey with associated serologic testing for Vi capsular antigen-specific antibodies (a marker for exposure to Salmonella Typhi in Fiji in 2013. Hotspots with high seroprevalence of Vi-specific antibodies were identified in northeastern mainland Fiji. Risk for Vi seropositivity increased with increased annual rainfall (odds ratio [OR] 1.26/quintile increase, 95% CI 1.12-1.42), and decreased with increased distance from major rivers and creeks (OR 0.89/km increase, 95% CI 0.80-0.99) and distance to modeled flood-risk areas (OR 0.80/quintile increase, 95% CI 0.69-0.92) after being adjusted for age, typhoid fever vaccination, and home toilet type. Risk for exposure to Salmonella Typhi and its spatial distribution in Fiji are driven by environmental factors. Our findings can directly affect typhoid fever control efforts in Fiji.

(U) Second-Order Sensitivity Analysis of Uncollided Particle Contributions to Radiation Detector Responses Using Ray-Tracing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Favorite, Jeffrey A.

The Second-Level Adjoint Sensitivity System (2nd-LASS) that yields the second-order sensitivities of a response of uncollided particles with respect to isotope densities, cross sections, and source emission rates is derived in Refs. 1 and 2. In Ref. 2, we solved problems for the uncollided leakage from a homogeneous sphere and a multiregion cylinder using the PARTISN multigroup discrete-ordinates code. In this memo, we derive solutions of the 2nd-LASS for the particular case when the response is a flux or partial current density computed at a single point on the boundary, and the inner products are computed using ray-tracing. Both themore » PARTISN approach and the ray-tracing approach are implemented in a computer code, SENSPG. The next section of this report presents the equations of the 1st- and 2nd-LASS for uncollided particles and the first- and second-order sensitivities that use the solutions of the 1st- and 2nd-LASS. Section III presents solutions of the 1st- and 2nd-LASS equations for the case of ray-tracing from a detector point. Section IV presents specific solutions of the 2nd-LASS and derives the ray-trace form of the inner products needed for second-order sensitivities. Numerical results for the total leakage from a homogeneous sphere are presented in Sec. V and for the leakage from one side of a two-region slab in Sec. VI. Section VII is a summary and conclusions.« less

Assessment of DOE radioactive scrap metal disposition options

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Butler, C.R.; Kasper, K.M.; Bossart, S.J.

1997-02-01

The DOE has amassed a large amount of radioactively-contaminated scrap metal (RSM) as a result of past operations and decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) projects. The volume of RSM will continue to increase as a result of the D&D of more than 6,000 surplus facilities and many of the 14,000 operating facilities in the DOE complex. RSM can be either surface contaminated or volumetrically contaminated, or both, with varying amounts of radioactivity. Several options exist for the disposition of this RSM, including disposal as radioactive waste, recycling by decontamination and free-release for unrestricted use, or recycling for restricted reuse inside amore » DOE controlled area. The DOE Office of Science and Technology (EM-50) has been actively investing in technology and strategy development in support of restricted-reuse RSM recycling for the past several years. This paper will assess the nature of the RSM recycling issue, review past investment by DOE to develop technologies and strategies to recycle RSM, and then discuss some recommendations concerning future investments in support of RSM management. Available information on the supply of RSM will be presented in Section II. The regulatory and policy framework concerning recycling RSM will be presented in Section III. A review of DOE investment in RSM recycling technology and current programs will be presented in Section IV. The current and projected industrial capacity will be described in Section V. And, finally, a discussion of issues and recommendations regarding DOE technology development interests in RSM recycling will be presented in Section VI and VII, respectively.« less

X-Ray Absorption Near Edge Structure And Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Analysis of Standards And Biological Samples Containing Mixed Oxidation States of Chromium(III) And Chromium(VI)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Parsons, J.G.; Dokken, K.; Peralta-Videa, J.R.

For the first time a method has been developed for the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data analyses of biological samples containing multiple oxidation states of chromium. In this study, the first shell coordination and interatomic distances based on the data analysis of known standards of potassium chromate (Cr(VI)) and chromium nitrate hexahydrate (Cr(III)) were investigated. The standards examined were mixtures of the following molar ratios of Cr(VI):Cr(III), 0:1, 0.25:0.75, 0.5:0.5, 0.75:0.25, and 1:0. It was determined from the calibration data that the fitting error associated with linear combination X-ray absorption near edge structure (LC-XANES) fittings was approximately {+-}10%more » of the total fitting. The peak height of the Cr(VI) pre-edge feature after normalization of the X-ray absorption (XAS) spectra was used to prepare a calibration curve. The EXAFS fittings of the standards were also investigated and fittings to lechuguilla biomass samples laden with different ratios of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were performed as well. An excellent agreement between the XANES data and the data presented in the EXAFS spectra was observed. The EXFAS data also presented mean coordination numbers directly related to the ratios of the different chromium oxidation states in the sample. The chromium oxygen interactions had two different bond lengths at approximately 1.68 and 1.98 {angstrom} for the Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in the sample, respectively.« less

ET Toxic Metals Replacement Review SEA Spring Face to Face

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pratz, Earl

2007-01-01

The information contained in the presentation covers development work carried out under SDS projects. The intent of the effort is to find chrome(VI) free alternates to our current chromated processing solutions. The information presented reports progress in work aimed to replace our alkaline cleaner (Turco 4215), conversion coat (Iridite 14-2) and chrome (VI) compounds used in LOx tank hydrostatic proof test solution. To date we have found candidates for use in the proof test solution and alkaline cleaner. These candidates are in the final stages of testing. Lab data is reported in the presentation.

28 CFR 42.405 - Public dissemination of title VI information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... information. 42.405 Section 42.405 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE NONDISCRIMINATION; EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY; POLICIES AND PROCEDURES Coordination of Enforcement of Non-discrimination in... insure that such publications and broadcasts state that the program in question is an equal opportunity...

28 CFR 54.605 - Enforcement procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Enforcement procedures. 54.605 Section 54.605 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF SEX IN... procedures. The investigative, compliance, and enforcement procedural provisions of Title VI of the Civil...

28 CFR 54.605 - Enforcement procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Enforcement procedures. 54.605 Section 54.605 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF SEX IN... procedures. The investigative, compliance, and enforcement procedural provisions of Title VI of the Civil...

28 CFR 54.605 - Enforcement procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Enforcement procedures. 54.605 Section 54.605 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF SEX IN... procedures. The investigative, compliance, and enforcement procedural provisions of Title VI of the Civil...

28 CFR 54.605 - Enforcement procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Enforcement procedures. 54.605 Section 54.605 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF SEX IN... procedures. The investigative, compliance, and enforcement procedural provisions of Title VI of the Civil...

28 CFR 54.605 - Enforcement procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Enforcement procedures. 54.605 Section 54.605 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF SEX IN... procedures. The investigative, compliance, and enforcement procedural provisions of Title VI of the Civil...

19 CFR 162.77a - Prepenalty notice for violation of section 593A, Tariff Act of 1930, as amended.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... aiding or procuring of, the drawback claim; (iii) Specify all laws and regulations allegedly violated... alleged violation occurred as a result of fraud or negligence; and (vi) State the estimated actual or...

10 CFR 800.003 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... ENERGY LOANS FOR BID OR PROPOSAL PREPARATION BY MINORITY BUSINESS ENTERPRISES SEEKING DOE CONTRACTS AND... 95-619, title VI, section 641. Applicant means a minority business enterprise which is seeking a loan... Business Enterprise means a firm including a sole proprietorship, corporation, association, or partnership...

A signaling visualization toolkit to support rational design of combination therapies and biomarker discovery: SiViT.

PubMed

Bown, James L; Shovman, Mark; Robertson, Paul; Boiko, Andrei; Goltsov, Alexey; Mullen, Peter; Harrison, David J

2017-05-02

Targeted cancer therapy aims to disrupt aberrant cellular signalling pathways. Biomarkers are surrogates of pathway state, but there is limited success in translating candidate biomarkers to clinical practice due to the intrinsic complexity of pathway networks. Systems biology approaches afford better understanding of complex, dynamical interactions in signalling pathways targeted by anticancer drugs. However, adoption of dynamical modelling by clinicians and biologists is impeded by model inaccessibility. Drawing on computer games technology, we present a novel visualization toolkit, SiViT, that converts systems biology models of cancer cell signalling into interactive simulations that can be used without specialist computational expertise. SiViT allows clinicians and biologists to directly introduce for example loss of function mutations and specific inhibitors. SiViT animates the effects of these introductions on pathway dynamics, suggesting further experiments and assessing candidate biomarker effectiveness. In a systems biology model of Her2 signalling we experimentally validated predictions using SiViT, revealing the dynamics of biomarkers of drug resistance and highlighting the role of pathway crosstalk. No model is ever complete: the iteration of real data and simulation facilitates continued evolution of more accurate, useful models. SiViT will make accessible libraries of models to support preclinical research, combinatorial strategy design and biomarker discovery.

Vertical integration in medical school: effect on the transition to postgraduate training.

PubMed

Wijnen-Meijer, Marjo; ten Cate, Olle Th J; van der Schaaf, Marieke; Borleffs, Jan C C

2010-03-01

Recently, many medical schools' curricula have been revised so that they represent vertically integrated (VI) curricula. Important changes include: the provision of earlier clinical experience; longer clerkships, and the fostering of increasing levels of responsibility. One of the aims of vertical integration is to facilitate the transition to postgraduate training. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether a VI curriculum at medical school affects the transition to postgraduate training in a positive way. We carried out a questionnaire study among graduates of six medical schools in the Netherlands, who had followed either a VI or a non-VI curriculum. Items in the questionnaire focused on preparedness for work and postgraduate training, the time and number of applications required to be admitted to residency, and the process of making career choices. In comparison with those who have followed non-VI programmes, graduates of VI curricula appear to make definitive career choices earlier, need less time and fewer applications to obtain residency positions and feel more prepared for work and postgraduate training. The curriculum at medical school affects the transition to postgraduate training. Additional research is required to determine which components of the curriculum cause this effect and to specify under which conditions this effect occurs.

Chromium Is Elevated in Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus) Skin Tissue and Is Genotoxic to Fin Whale Skin Cells

PubMed Central

Wise, Catherine F.; Wise, Sandra S.; Thompson, W. Douglas; Perkins, Christopher; Wise, John Pierce

2015-01-01

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is present in the marine environment and is a known carcinogen and reproductive toxicant. Cr(VI) is the form of chromium that is well absorbed through the cell membrane. It is also the most prevalent form in seawater. We measured the total Cr levels in skin biopsies obtained from healthy free-ranging fin whales from the Gulf of Maine and found elevated levels relative to marine mammals in other parts of the world. The levels in fin whale biopsies ranged from 1.71 ug/g to 19.6 ug/g with an average level of 10.07 ug/g. We also measured the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Cr(VI) in fin whale skin cells. We found that particulate and soluble Cr(VI) are both cytotoxic and genotoxic to fin whale skin cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The concentration range used in our cell culture studies used environmentally relevant concentrations based on the biopsy measurements. These data suggest that Cr(VI) may be a concern for whales in the Gulf of Maine. PMID:25805270

Clinical characterization of cardiovascular abnormalities associated with feline mucopolysaccharidosis I and VI.

PubMed

Sleeper, M M; Kusiak, C M; Shofer, F S; O'Donnell, P; Bryan, C; Ponder, K P; Haskins, M E

2008-06-01

The purpose of this study was to define the cardiovascular abnormalities present in young and adult cats affected with the lysosomal storage diseases mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) I and MPS VI. Eighteen cats affected with MPS I and 10 cats affected with MPS VI were evaluated by physical examination, electrocardiography and echocardiography. Electrocardiography (ECG) was performed on all MPS I and 9 of the MPS VI cats. Twelve unaffected cats underwent complete examinations for comparison purposes. No cardiovascular abnormalities were noted on physical examination. Measured ECG intervals were normal in affected cats; however, sinus arrhythmia was noted more frequently than in the unaffected cats. Significant echocardiographic abnormalities included aortic valve thickening, regurgitation and aortic root dilation. Significant mitral valve thickening was also noted. The severity of changes increased in older affected cats. As affected animals increased in age, more cardiac abnormalities were found with increasing severity. Significant lesions included the mitral and aortic valves and ascending aorta, but myocardial changes were not recognized. MPS I and MPS VI cats have similar cardiovascular findings to those seen in children and constitute important models for testing new MPS therapies.

Muscle Weakness and Fibrosis Due to Cell Autonomous and Non-cell Autonomous Events in Collagen VI Deficient Congenital Muscular Dystrophy.

PubMed

Noguchi, Satoru; Ogawa, Megumu; Malicdan, May Christine; Nonaka, Ikuya; Nishino, Ichizo

2017-02-01

Congenital muscular dystrophies with collagen VI deficiency are inherited muscle disorders with a broad spectrum of clinical presentation and are caused by mutations in one of COL6A1-3 genes. Muscle pathology is characterized by fiber size variation and increased interstitial fibrosis and adipogenesis. In this study, we define critical events that contribute to muscle weakness and fibrosis in a mouse model with collagen VI deficiency. The Col6a1 GT/GT mice develop non-progressive weakness from younger age, accompanied by stunted muscle growth due to reduced IGF-1 signaling activity. In addition, the Col6a1 GT/GT mice have high numbers of interstitial skeletal muscle mesenchymal progenitor cells, which dramatically increase with repeated myofiber necrosis/regeneration. Our results suggest that impaired neonatal muscle growth and the activation of the mesenchymal cells in skeletal muscles contribute to the pathology of collagen VI deficient muscular dystrophy, and more importantly, provide the insights on the therapeutic strategies for collagen VI deficiency. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A review of the high temperature oxidation of uranium oxides in molten salts and in the solid state to form alkali metal uranates, and their composition and properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Griffiths, Trevor R.; Volkovich, Vladimir A.

An extensive review of the literature on the high temperature reactions (both in melts and in the solid state) of uranium oxides (UO 2, U 3O 8 and UO 3) resulting in the formation of insoluble alkali metal (Li to Cs) uranates is presented. Their uranate(VI) and uranate(V) compounds are examined, together with mixed and oxygen-deficient uranates. The reactions of uranium oxides with carbonates, oxides, per- and superoxides, chlorides, sulfates, nitrates and nitrites under both oxidising and non-oxidising conditions are critically examined and systematised, and the established compositions of a range of uranate(VI) and (V) compounds formed are discussed. Alkali metal uranates(VI) are examined in detail and their structural, physical, thermodynamic and spectroscopic properties considered. Chemical properties of alkali metal uranates(VI), including various methods for their reduction, are also reported. Errors in the current theoretical treatment of uranate(VI) spectra are identified and the need to develop routes for the preparation of single crystals is stressed.

Adsorption study of selenium ions from aqueous solutions using MgO nanosheets synthesized by ultrasonic method

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cui, Wenwen; Li, Ping; Wang, Zheming

tMgO nanosheets with thickness ranges of 3–10 molecule layers and high specific area (166.44 m2g-1)were successfully fabricated by an ultrasound-assisted exfoliation method and used as adsorbent forthe removal of both selenite (Se(IV)) and selenate (Se(VI)) from aqueous solutions. The resulting MgOnanosheets displayed high maximum adsorption capacities of 103.52 and 10.28 mg g-1for Se(IV) andSe(VI), respectively. ATR-FTIR and XPS spectroscopic results suggested that both Se(IV) and Se(VI) formedinner-sphere surface complexes on MgO nanosheets under the present experimental conditions. Fur-thermore, high adsorption capacity for Se(IV/VI) in the presence of coexistent anions (SO 4 2-, PO43-, Cl-,and F-) and efficient regeneratability of adsorbentmore » by NaOH solution were observed in the competitiveadsorption and regeneration steps. The simple one-step synthesis process of MgO nanosheets and highadsorption capacities offer a promising method for Se(IV/VI) removal in water treatment.« less

Investigation of Cr(VI) adsorption onto chemically treated Helianthus annuus: optimization using response surface methodology.

PubMed

Jain, Monika; Garg, V K; Kadirvelu, K

2011-01-01

In the present study, chemically treated Helianthus annuus flowers (SHC) were used to optimize the removal efficiency for Cr(VI) by applying Response Surface Methodological approach. The surface structure of SHC was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX). Batch mode experiments were also carried out to assess the adsorption equilibrium in aqueous solution. The adsorption capacity (qe) was found to be 7.2 mg/g. The effect of three parameters, that is pH of the solution (2.0-7.0), initial concentration (10-70 mg/L) and adsorbent dose (0.05-0.5 g/100 mL) was studied for the removal of Cr(VI) by SHC. Box-Behnken model was used as an experimental design. The optimum pH, adsorbent dose and initial Cr(VI) concentration were found to be 2.0, 5.0 g/L and 40 mg/L, respectively. Under these conditions, removal efficiency of Cr(VI) was found to be 90.8%. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Matrix isolation with an ion transfer device for interference-free simultaneous spectrophotometric determinations of hexavalent and trivalent chromium in a flow-based system.

PubMed

Ohira, Shin-Ichi; Nakamura, Koretaka; Chiba, Mitsuki; Dasgupta, Purnendu K; Toda, Kei

2017-03-01

Chromium speciation by spectrophotometric determination of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) with diphenylcarbazide (DPC) has several problems. These include: (1) the inability to directly detect trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) with DPC, (2) positive interference in Cr(VI) determination by other metal cations and (3) negative interference by any reducing agent present in the sample. These are addressed with an ion transfer device (ITD) in a flow injection analysis system. We previously developed the ITD for electrodialytic separations. Here we separate oppositely charged Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species by the ITD into two different acceptor solutions within ~5 s. The acceptor solutions consist of buffered H 2 O 2 to oxidize the Cr(III) to Cr(VI). Then DPC is added to either acceptor to measure Cr(III) and Cr(VI) spectrophotometrically. The system was optimized to provide the same response for Cr(VI) and Cr(III) with limits of detection (LODs, S/N=3) of 0.5 μg L -1 for each and a throughput rate of 30 samples h -1 . The ITD separation was also effective for matrix isolation and reduction of interferences. Potential cationic interferences were not transferred into the anionic Cr(VI) acceptor stream. Much of the organic compounds in soil extracts were also eliminated as evidenced from standard addition and recovery studies. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Hexavalent chromium content in stainless steel welding fumes is dependent on the welding process and shield gas type.

PubMed

Keane, Michael; Stone, Samuel; Chen, Bean; Slaven, James; Schwegler-Berry, Diane; Antonini, James

2009-02-01

Occupational exposure to welding fumes is a known health hazard. To isolate elements in stainless steel welding fumes with high potential for adverse health outcomes, fumes were generated using a robotic gas metal arc system, using four shield gases of varying oxygen content. The objective was to measure Cr(VI) concentrations in a broad spectrum of gas metal arc welding processes, and identify processes of exceptionally high or low Cr(VI) content. The gases used were 95% Ar/5% O(2), 98% Ar/2% O(2), 95% Ar/5%CO(2), and 75% He/25% Ar. The welder was operated in axial spray mode (Ar/O(2), Ar/CO(2)), short-circuit (SC) mode (Ar/CO(2) low voltage and He/Ar), and pulsed axial-spray mode (98% Ar/2% O(2)). Results indicate large differences in Cr(VI) in the fumes, with Ar/O(2) (Pulsed)>Ar/O(2)>Ar/CO(2)>Ar/CO(2) (SC)>He/Ar; values were 3000+/-300, 2800+/-85, 2600+/-120, 1400+/-190, and 320+/-290 ppm respectively (means +/- standard errors for 2 runs and 3 replicates per run). Respective rates of Cr(VI) generation were 1.5, 3.2, 4.4, 1.3, and 0.46 microg/min; generation rates were also calculated in terms of microg Cr(VI) per metre of wire used. The generation rates of Cr(VI) increased with increasing O(3) concentrations. Particle size measurements indicated similar distributions, but somewhat higher >0.6 microm fractions for the short-circuit mode samples. Fumes were also sampled into 2 selected size ranges, a microspatter fraction (>or=0.6 microm) and a fine (<0.6 microm) fraction; analysis indicated that Cr(VI) is primarily associated with particles <0.6 microm. The conclusion of the study is that Cr(VI) concentrations vary significantly with welding type and shield gas type, and this presents an opportunity to tailor welding practices to lessen Cr(VI) exposures in workplaces by selecting low Cr(VI)-generating processes. Short-circuit processes generated less Cr(VI) than axial-spray methods, and inert gas shielding gave lower Cr(VI) content than shielding with active gases. A short circuit He/Ar shielded process and a pulsed axial spray Ar/O(2) process were both identified as having substantially lower Cr(VI) generation rates per unit of wire used relative to the other processes studied.

Joint Sparse Representation for Robust Multimodal Biometrics Recognition

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

comprehensive multimodal dataset and a face database are described in section V. Finally, in section VI, we discuss the computational complexity of...fingerprint, iris, palmprint , hand geometry and voice from subjects of different age, gender and ethnicity as described in Table I. It is a...Taylor, “Constructing nonlinear discriminants from multiple data views,” Machine Learning and Knowl- edge Discovery in Databases , pp. 328–343, 2010

Prediction of User Preference over Shared Control Paradigms for a Robotic Wheelchair

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-07-20

the experimentally -observed changes between subject groups and sessions, while providing unique insight into the relative contribution of task metrics...WHEELCHAIR, including the four tested shared- control paradigms. The correlation model and experimental results are provided in Sections IV and V. Section VI...paradigm-specific models. Moreover, we also observe differences between sub- ject groups —meaning that subjects’ evaluations of a control paradigm are

Lewistown City Library, Final Performance Report for Library Services and Construction Act (LSCA) Title VI, Library Literacy Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stead, Sharon

This final performance report for the Lewistown City Library L.E.A.R.N. (Let Every Adult Read Now!) literacy project begins with a section that provides quantitative data. The next section compares actual accomplishments to the following project goals for 1992-93: to serve a minimum of 25 adult literacy students within an 18-month period and to…

Manual of Procedures for Applying for Funding under Title VI, Part B--Education of the Handicapped Act. P.L. 91-230 as Amended by P.L. 93-320, P.L. 94-142 and P.L. 99-457. EHA, Title VI, Part B--Third Year of a Three-Year Plan, 1988-89. ECIA, Chapter 1, Handicapped Preschool Grant Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

North Carolina State Dept. of Public Instruction, Raleigh. Div. for Exceptional Children.

The manual presents procedures for local school districts in North Carolina applying for federal funding under Title VI, Part B, Education of the Handicapped Act, as amended by Public Laws 93-320, 94-142, and 99-457. The first chapter gives instructions for submission of amendments for the third year of the 3-year plan and includes an introduction…

Global History. A Curriculum Guide. Third Semester. Theme VI: Nineteenth Century Imperialism Affected the Imperial Powers and the Colonies. Teacher Strategies. Experimental Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York City Board of Education, Brooklyn, NY. Div. of Curriculum and Instruction.

Designed to assist teachers and supervisors in the implementation of the global history course, this bulletin presents learning activities which include the rationale, performance objectives, and teaching strategies related to Theme VI entitled, "Nineteenth Century Imperialism Affected the Imperial Powers and the Colonies." This theme has seven…

Eugenia dysenterica DC. (Myrtaceae) exerts chemopreventive effects against hexavalent chromium-induced damage in vitro and in vivo.

PubMed

Ávila, Renato Ivan de; Mattos Alvarenga, Cátia Belo; Ávila, Paulo Henrique Marcelino de; Moreira, Roger Cardoso; Arruda, Andréa Fernandes; Fernandes, Thaís de Oliveira; Rodrigues, Bruna Dos Santos; Andrade, Wanessa Machado; Batista, Aline Carvalho; Paula, José Realino de; Valadares, Marize Campos

2016-11-01

Eugenia dysenterica DC. (Myrtaceae) has been widely used in the folk medicine and it presents phytochemicals constituents associated to antioxidant properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of E. dysenterica leaf hydroalcoholic extract (EDE) in vitro and in vivo using AMJ2-C11 cells and Swiss mice exposed to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], respectively. AMJ2-C11 cells were pretreated with EDE and exposed to Cr(VI) to evaluate cytotoxicity and the pathways involved in the chemopreventive effects of the extract. Mice were daily pretreated with EDE and then exposed to Cr(VI). Survival analysis, histopathological examination and determination of Cr levels in biological tissues were carried out. In vitro studies showed that pretreatment of the AMJ2-C11 cells with EDE protected against the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by Cr(VI). Consequently, the pretreatment with EDE reduced reactive oxygen species and apoptosis triggered by Cr(VI), probably by a marked antioxidant and chelating activities demonstrated by EDE. Regarding in vivo studies, pretreatment for 10 days with EDE increased survival of the mice exposed to Cr(VI). In addition, EDE prevented liver and kidney pathological damages, in parallel with reduction in chromium levels found in these organs and plasma. EDE also showed a marked antioxidant potential associated with the presence of polyphenols, especially flavonoids and tannins, as confirmed by HPLC-PDA. The study showed that EDE protects against Cr(VI)-induced damage in vitro and in vivo supporting further studies for the development of therapeutic products applied to prevent the damage induced by toxic metals, especially Cr(VI).

Enhancement of chromate reduction in soils by surface modified biochar.

PubMed

Mandal, Sanchita; Sarkar, Binoy; Bolan, Nanthi; Ok, Yong Sik; Naidu, Ravi

2017-01-15

Chromium (Cr) is one of the common metals present in the soils and may have an extremely deleterious environmental impact depending on its redox state. Among two common forms, trivalent Cr(III) is less toxic than hexavalent Cr(VI) in soils. Carbon (C) based materials including biochar could be used to alleviate Cr toxicity through converting Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Incubation experiments were conducted to examine Cr(VI) reduction in different soils (Soil 1: pH 7.5 and Soil 2: pH 5.5) with three manures from poultry (PM), cow (CM) and sheep (SM), three respective manure-derived biochars (PM biochar (PM-BC), CM biochar (CM-BC) and SM biochar (SM-BC)) and two modified biochars (modified PM-BC (PM-BC-M) and modified SM-BC (SM-BC-M)). Modified biochar was synthesized by incorporating chitosan and zerovalent iron (ZVI) during pyrolysis. Among biochars, highest Cr(VI) reduction was observed with PM-BC application (5%; w/w) (up to 88.12 mg kg -1 ; 45% reduction) in Soil 2 (pH 5.5). The modified biochars enhanced Cr(VI) reduction by 55% (SM-BC-M) compared to manure (29%, SM) and manure-derived biochars (40% reduction, SM-BC). Among the modified biochars, SM-BC-M showed a higher Cr(VI) reduction rate (55%) than PM-BC-M (48%) in Soil 2. Various oxygen-containing surface functional groups such as phenolic, carboxyl, carbonyl, etc. on biochar surface might act as a proton donor for Cr(VI) reduction and subsequent Cr(III) adsorption. This study underpins the immense potential of modified biochar in remediation of Cr(VI) contaminated soils. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Valve in valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation (ViV-TAVI) versus redo-Surgical aortic valve replacement (redo-SAVR): A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Nalluri, Nikhil; Atti, Varunsiri; Munir, Abdullah B; Karam, Boutros; Patel, Nileshkumar J; Kumar, Varun; Vemula, Praveen; Edla, Sushruth; Asti, Deepak; Paturu, Amrutha; Gayam, Sriramya; Spagnola, Jonathan; Barsoum, Emad; Maniatis, Gregory A; Tamburrino, Frank; Kandov, Ruben; Lafferty, James; Kliger, Chad

2018-05-20

Bioprosthetic (BP) valves have been increasingly used for aortic valve replacement over the last decade. Due to their limited durability, patients presenting with failed BP valves are rising. Valve in Valve - Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (ViV-TAVI) emerged as an alternative to the gold standard redo-Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement (redo-SAVR). However, the utility of ViV-TAVI is poorly understood. A systematic electronic search of the scientific literature was done in PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Only studies which compared the safety and efficacy of ViV-TAVI and redo-SAVR head to head in failed BP valves were included. Six observational studies were eligible and included 594 patients, of whom 255 underwent ViV- TAVI and 339 underwent redo-SAVR. There was no significant difference between ViV-TAVI and redo- SAVR for procedural, 30 day and 1 year mortality rates. ViV-TAVI was associated with lower risk of permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) (OR: 0.43, CI: 0.21-0.89; P = 0.02) and a trend toward increased risk of paravalvular leak (PVL) (OR: 5.45, CI: 0.94-31.58; P = 0.06). There was no significant difference for stroke, major bleeding, vascular complications and postprocedural aortic valvular gradients more than 20 mm-hg. Our results reiterate the safety and feasibility of ViV-TAVI for failed aortic BP valves in patients deemed to be at high risk for surgery. VIV-TAVI was associated with lower risk of permanent pacemaker implantation with a trend toward increased risk of paravalvular leak. © 2018, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Verbal working memory and reading abilities among students with visual impairment.

PubMed

Argyropoulos, Vassilios; Masoura, Elvira; Tsiakali, Thomai K; Nikolaraizi, Magda; Lappa, Christina

2017-05-01

This study investigated the relationship between working memory (WM) and reading abilities among students with visual impairment (VI). Seventy-five students with VI (visually impairment and blindness), aged 10-15 years old participated in the study, of whom 44 were visually impaired and 31 were blind. The participants' reading ability was assessed with the standardized reading ability battery Test-A (Padeliadu & Antoniou, 2008) and their verbal working memory ability was assessed with the listening recall task from the Working Memory Test Battery for Children (Pickering et al., 2001). Data analysis indicated a strong correlation between verbal WM and decoding, reading comprehension and overall reading ability among the participants with VI, while no correlation was found between reading fluency and verbal WM. The present study points out the important role of verbal WM in reading among students who are VI and carries implications for the education of those individuals. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Vested Interest theory and disaster preparedness.

PubMed

Miller, Claude H; Adame, Bradley J; Moore, Scott D

2013-01-01

Three studies were designed to extend a combination of vested interest theory (VI) and the extended parallel process model of fear appeals (EPPM) to provide formative research for creating more effective disaster preparedness social action campaigns. The aim was to develop an effective VI scale for assessing individual awareness and 'vestedness' relevant to disaster preparedness. Typical preparedness behaviours are discussed with emphasis on earthquakes and tornados in particular. Brief overviews of VI and the EPPM are offered, and findings are presented from three studies (one dealing with earthquakes, and two with tornados) conducted to determine the factor structure of the key VI components involved, and to develop and test subscales derived from the two theories. The paper finishes with a discussion of future research needs and suggestions on how the new subscales may be applied in the design and execution of more effective disaster preparedness campaigns. © 2013 The Author(s). Journal compilation © Overseas Development Institute, 2013.

The Spread of Metals into the Low-redshift Intergalactic Medium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pratt, Cameron T.; Stocke, John T.; Keeney, Brian A.; Danforth, Charles W.

2018-03-01

We investigate the association between galaxies and metal-enriched and metal-deficient absorbers in the local universe (z < 0.16) using a large compilation of far-ultraviolet spectra of bright active galactic nuclei targets observed with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph aboard the Hubble Space Telescope. In this homogeneous sample of 18 O VI detections at {N}{{O}{{VI}}}≥slant 13.5 {cm}}-2 and 18 nondetections at {N}{{O}{{VI}}}< 13.5 {cm}}-2 using {Ly}α absorbers with {N}{{H}{{I}}}≥slant {10}14 {cm}}-2, the maximum distance O VI extends from galaxies of various luminosities is ∼0.6 Mpc, or ∼5 virial radii, confirming and refining earlier results. This is an important value that must be matched by numerical simulations, which input the strength of galactic winds at the sub-grid level. We present evidence that the primary contributors to the spread of metals into the circum- and intergalactic media are sub-L* galaxies (0.25{L}* < L< {L}* ). The maximum distances that metals are transported from these galaxies is comparable to, or less than, the size of a group of galaxies. These results suggest that, where groups are present, the metals produced by the group galaxies do not leave the group. Since many O VI nondetections in our sample occur at comparably close impact parameters as those of the metal-bearing absorbers, some more pristine intergalactic material appears to be accreting onto groups where it can mix with metal-bearing clouds.

Performance Study of Chromium (VI) Removal in Presence of Phenol in a Continuous Packed Bed Reactor by Escherichia coli Isolated from East Calcutta Wetlands

PubMed Central

Chakraborty, Bhaswati; Indra, Suvendu; Hazra, Ditipriya; Betai, Rupal; Ray, Lalitagauri; Basu, Srabanti

2013-01-01

Organic pollutants, like phenol, along with heavy metals, like chromium, are present in various industrial effluents that pose serious health hazard to humans. The present study looked at removal of chromium (VI) in presence of phenol in a counter-current continuous packed bed reactor packed with E. coli cells immobilized on clay chips. The cells removed 85% of 500 mg/L of chromium (VI) from MS media containing glucose. Glucose was then replaced by 500 mg/L phenol. Temperature and pH of the MS media prior to addition of phenol were 30°C and 7, respectively. Hydraulic retention times of phenol- and chromium (VI)-containing synthetic media and air flow rates were varied to study the removal efficiency of the reactor system. Then temperature conditions of the reactor system were varied from 10°C to 50°C, the optimum being 30°C. The pH of the media was varied from pH 1 to pH 12, and the optimum pH was found to be 7. The maximum removal efficiency of 77.7% was achieved for synthetic media containing phenol and chromium (VI) in the continuous reactor system at optimized conditions, namely, hydraulic retention time at 4.44 hr, air flow rate at 2.5 lpm, temperature at 30°C, and pH at 7. PMID:24073400

Determination of uranyl incorporation into biogenic manganese oxides using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scattering

USGS Publications Warehouse

Webb, S.M.; Fuller, C.C.; Tebo, B.M.; Bargar, J.R.

2006-01-01

Biogenic manganese oxides are common and an important source of reactive mineral surfaces in the environment that may be potentially enhanced in bioremediation cases to improve natural attenuation. Experiments were performed in which the uranyl ion, UO22+ (U(VI)), at various concentrations was present during manganese oxide biogenesis. At all concentrations, there was strong uptake of U onto the oxides. Synchrotron-based extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were carried out to determine the molecular-scale mechanism by which uranyl is incorporated into the oxide and how this incorporation affects the resulting manganese oxide structure and mineralogy. The EXAFS experiments show that at low concentrations (2 mol % U, >4 ??M U(VI) in solution), the presence of U(VI) affects the stability and structure of the Mn oxide to form poorly ordered Mn oxide tunnel structures, similar to todorokite. EXAFS modeling shows that uranyl is present in these oxides predominantly in the tunnels of the Mn oxide structure in a tridentate complex. Observations by XRD corroborate these results. Structural incorporation may lead to more stable U(VI) sequestration that may be suitable for remediation uses. These observations, combined with the very high uptake capacity of the Mn oxides, imply that Mn-oxidizing bacteria may significantly influence dissolved U(VI) concentrations in impacted waters via sorption and incorporation into Mn oxide biominerals. ?? 2006 American Chemical Society.

Discontinuation of approval of modifications in notes, guaranteed under Title VI or VII of the Public Health Service Act, proposed to permit use of the notes as collateral for tax-exempt financings--PHS. Final rule.

PubMed

1983-09-21

The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) adds a new section to regulations for making and guaranteeing loans for construction and modernization of hospitals and medical facilities and to regulations for guaranteeing loans for the construction of teaching facilities for health professions personnel. Under these regulations HHS will not approve the modification of the terms of an existing loan guaranteed under Title VI or Title VII of the Public Health Service (PHS) Act if the modification would permit use of the guarantee (or guaranteed loan) as collateral for tax-exempt financing.

Formation of stable uranium(VI) colloidal nanoparticles in conditions relevant to radioactive waste disposal.

PubMed

Bots, Pieter; Morris, Katherine; Hibberd, Rosemary; Law, Gareth T W; Mosselmans, J Frederick W; Brown, Andy P; Doutch, James; Smith, Andrew J; Shaw, Samuel

2014-12-09

The favored pathway for disposal of higher activity radioactive wastes is via deep geological disposal. Many geological disposal facility designs include cement in their engineering design. Over the long term, interaction of groundwater with the cement and waste will form a plume of a hyperalkaline leachate (pH 10-13), and the behavior of radionuclides needs to be constrained under these extreme conditions to minimize the environmental hazard from the wastes. For uranium, a key component of many radioactive wastes, thermodynamic modeling predicts that, at high pH, U(VI) solubility will be very low (nM or lower) and controlled by equilibrium with solid phase alkali and alkaline-earth uranates. However, the formation of U(VI) colloids could potentially enhance the mobility of U(VI) under these conditions, and characterizing the potential for formation and medium-term stability of U(VI) colloids is important in underpinning our understanding of U behavior in waste disposal. Reflecting this, we applied conventional geochemical and microscopy techniques combined with synchrotron based in situ and ex situ X-ray techniques (small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray adsorption spectroscopy (XAS)) to characterize colloidal U(VI) nanoparticles in a synthetic cement leachate (pH > 13) containing 4.2-252 μM U(VI). The results show that in cement leachates with 42 μM U(VI), colloids formed within hours and remained stable for several years. The colloids consisted of 1.5-1.8 nm nanoparticles with a proportion forming 20-60 nm aggregates. Using XAS and electron microscopy, we were able to determine that the colloidal nanoparticles had a clarkeite (sodium-uranate)-type crystallographic structure. The presented results have clear and hitherto unrecognized implications for the mobility of U(VI) in cementitious environments, in particular those associated with the geological disposal of nuclear waste.

Biosorption of Cr(VI) and As(V) at high concentrations by organic and inorganic wastes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

María Rivas Pérez, Ivana; Paradelo Núñez, Remigio; Nóvoa Muñoz, Juan Carlos; Arias Estévez, Manuel; José Fernández Sanjurjo, María; Álvarez Rodríguez, Esperanza; Núñez Delgado, Avelino

2016-04-01

The potential reutilization of several wastes as biosorbents for As(V) and Cr(VI) has been assessed in batch-type experiments. The materials studied were one inorganic: mussel shell, and three organic: pine bark, oak ash and hemp waste. Batch experiments were performed in order to determine the removal capacity of the wastes under conditions of high As(V) and Cr(VI) loads. For this, 3 g of each waste material were added with 30 mL NaNO3 0.01 M dissolutions containing 0, 0.5, 1.5, 3 and 6 mmol As(V) L-1 or Cr(VI) L-1, prepared from analytical grade Na2HAsO4 or K2Cr2O7. The resulting suspensions were shaken for 24 h, centrifuged and filtered. Once each batch experiment corresponding to the sorption trials ended, each individual sample was added with 30 mL of NaNO3 0.01 M to desorb As(V) or Cr(VI), shaken for 24 h, centrifuged and filtered as in the sorption trials. Oak ash showed high sorption (>76%) and low desorption (<7%) for As(V), which was lower on mussel shell (<31%), hemp waste (<16%) and pine bark (<9.9%). In turn, pine bark showed the highest Cr(VI) sorption (>98%) with very low desorption (<0.5%), followed by oak ash (27% sorption), and hemp waste and mussel shell, that presented very low Cr(VI) sorption (<10%). Sorption data for both elements were better described by the Freundlich than by the Langmuir model. The variable results obtained for the removal of the two anionic contaminants for a given sorbent suggest that different mechanisms govern removal from the solution in each case. In summary, oak ash would be an efficient sorbent material for As(V), but not for Cr(VI), while pine bark would be the best sorbent for Cr(VI) removal.

The use of stable isotopes for Cr(VI) determination in silty-clay soil solution.

PubMed

Zuliani, Tea; Sčančar, Janez; Milačič, Radmila

2013-09-01

In assessing the environmental hazard of Cr(VI) present in soil, exchangeable Cr(VI) is important, since it can be easily washed out from the upper part of the soil into subsurface soil, surface and ground water, and taken up by plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of species interconversion that may occur during the extraction of exchangeable Cr(VI) from silty-clay soil with phosphate buffer in order to establish an extraction method that would be effective, accurate and with minimal or no species interconversions. The Cr(VI) concentration in soil extracts was determined by speciated isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SID-ICP-MS). The study was performed on soil samples from a field treated with tannery waste for 17 years. Samples were spiked by enriched stable isotopic solutions of (50)Cr(VI) and (53)Cr(III) that were added to phosphate buffers (0.1 M KH2PO4-K2HPO4 (pH 7.2) and/or 0.1 M K2HPO4 (pH 8)). To optimize extraction, mechanical shaking and/or ultrasound-assisted extraction were compared. The separation and detection of Cr species was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ICP-MS. When mechanical shaking was applied, 90 % reduction of Cr(VI) was induced by extraction with 0.1 M KH2PO4-K2HPO4, while with 0.1 M K2HPO4 reduction was around 40 %. To shorten the extraction time and the possibility of species interconversions, ultrasound-assisted extraction was further applied only with 0.1 M K2HPO4. For total extraction of exchangeable Cr(VI) with a maximum 10 % reduction of Cr(VI), five consecutive ultrasound-assisted extractions were needed.

Comparison of three sampling and analytical methods for the determination of airborne hexavalent chromium.

PubMed

Boiano, J M; Wallace, M E; Sieber, W K; Groff, J H; Wang, J; Ashley, K

2000-08-01

A field study was conducted with the goal of comparing the performance of three recently developed or modified sampling and analytical methods for the determination of airborne hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). The study was carried out in a hard chrome electroplating facility and in a jet engine manufacturing facility where airborne Cr(VI) was expected to be present. The analytical methods evaluated included two laboratory-based procedures (OSHA Method ID-215 and NIOSH Method 7605) and a field-portable method (NIOSH Method 7703). These three methods employ an identical sampling methodology: collection of Cr(VI)-containing aerosol on a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) filter housed in a sampling cassette, which is connected to a personal sampling pump calibrated at an appropriate flow rate. The basis of the analytical methods for all three methods involves extraction of the PVC filter in alkaline buffer solution, chemical isolation of the Cr(VI) ion, complexation of the Cr(VI) ion with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide, and spectrometric measurement of the violet chromium diphenylcarbazone complex at 540 nm. However, there are notable specific differences within the sample preparation procedures used in three methods. To assess the comparability of the three measurement protocols, a total of 20 side-by-side air samples were collected, equally divided between a chromic acid electroplating operation and a spray paint operation where water soluble forms of Cr(VI) were used. A range of Cr(VI) concentrations from 0.6 to 960 microg m(-3), with Cr(VI) mass loadings ranging from 0.4 to 32 microg, was measured at the two operations. The equivalence of the means of the log-transformed Cr(VI) concentrations obtained from the different analytical methods was compared. Based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) results, no statistically significant differences were observed between mean values measured using each of the three methods. Small but statistically significant differences were observed between results obtained from performance evaluation samples for the NIOSH field method and the OSHA laboratory method.

24 CFR 585.502 - Certifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR COMMUNITY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES YOUTHBUILD PROGRAM Applicability of Other Federal Requirements § 585.502... Housing Act, title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and...

24 CFR 585.502 - Certifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR COMMUNITY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES YOUTHBUILD PROGRAM Applicability of Other Federal Requirements § 585.502... Housing Act, title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and...

45 CFR 83.20 - Interim procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... sections 704 and 845 of the Act and other civil rights authorities administered by the Department, the procedural provisions applicable to title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 are hereby adopted and... Welfare Department of Health and Human Services GENERAL ADMINISTRATION REGULATION FOR THE ADMINISTRATION...

45 CFR 83.20 - Interim procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... sections 704 and 845 of the Act and other civil rights authorities administered by the Department, the procedural provisions applicable to title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 are hereby adopted and... Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION REGULATION FOR THE ADMINISTRATION...

42 CFR 61.22 - Nondiscrimination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... origin imposed by title VI, Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the implementing Regulation of the Department... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Nondiscrimination. 61.22 Section 61.22 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FELLOWSHIPS, INTERNSHIPS, TRAINING...

42 CFR 61.22 - Nondiscrimination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... origin imposed by title VI, Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the implementing Regulation of the Department... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Nondiscrimination. 61.22 Section 61.22 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FELLOWSHIPS, INTERNSHIPS, TRAINING...

42 CFR 61.22 - Nondiscrimination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... origin imposed by title VI, Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the implementing Regulation of the Department... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Nondiscrimination. 61.22 Section 61.22 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FELLOWSHIPS, INTERNSHIPS, TRAINING...

45 CFR 83.20 - Interim procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... sections 704 and 845 of the Act and other civil rights authorities administered by the Department, the procedural provisions applicable to title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 are hereby adopted and... Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION REGULATION FOR THE ADMINISTRATION...

45 CFR 83.20 - Interim procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... sections 704 and 845 of the Act and other civil rights authorities administered by the Department, the procedural provisions applicable to title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 are hereby adopted and... Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION REGULATION FOR THE ADMINISTRATION...

45 CFR 83.20 - Interim procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... sections 704 and 845 of the Act and other civil rights authorities administered by the Department, the procedural provisions applicable to title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 are hereby adopted and... Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION REGULATION FOR THE ADMINISTRATION...

42 CFR 61.22 - Nondiscrimination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... origin imposed by title VI, Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the implementing Regulation of the Department... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Nondiscrimination. 61.22 Section 61.22 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FELLOWSHIPS, INTERNSHIPS, TRAINING...

42 CFR 61.22 - Nondiscrimination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... origin imposed by title VI, Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the implementing Regulation of the Department... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Nondiscrimination. 61.22 Section 61.22 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FELLOWSHIPS, INTERNSHIPS, TRAINING...

5. Photocopy of 173/4' x 27' drawing, ink and colored ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Photocopy of 17-3/4' x 27' drawing, ink and colored wash on paper, catalogued RA337D II S. W. Shulstrup, delineator, 1872 PLAN, SECTIONS, AND ELEVATION OF NORTH CURTAIN WALL ADDITION - Christiansfort, Waterfront, Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas, VI

12 CFR 1412.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... “employee welfare benefit plan” as that term is defined in section 3(1) of the Employee Retirement Income... select group of directors, management or highly compensated employees (excluding severance payments... employees or other similar criteria); or (vi) Any other payment which the Corporation determines to be...