American School & University. Volume 77, Number 11

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Agron, Joe, Ed.

2005-01-01

Each month, "American School & University" provides a mix of thought-provoking features, how-to-articles, industry reports, exclusive surveys, new sections, insightful columns, new product introductions and case histories to assist education officials in better performing their jobs. This March 2005 issue includes the following:…

American School & University. Volume 77, Number 4

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Agron, Joe, Ed.

2004-01-01

Each month, "American School & University" provides a mix of thought-provoking features, how-to-articles, industry reports, exclusive surveys, new sections, insightful columns, new product introductions and case histories to assist education officials in better performing their jobs. This December 2004 issue includes the following:…

Freshwater mussel population status and habitat quality in the Clinch River, Virginia and Tennessee, USA: a featured collection

USGS Publications Warehouse

Zipper, Carl E.; Beaty, Braven; Johnson, Gregory C.; Jones, Jess W.; Krstolic, Jennifer Lynn; Ostby, Brett J.K.; Wolfe, William J.; Donovan, Patricia

2014-01-01

The Clinch River of southwestern Virginia and northeastern Tennessee is arguably the most important river for freshwater mussel conservation in the United States. This featured collection presents investigations of mussel population status and habitat quality in the Clinch River. Analyses of historic water- and sediment-quality data suggest that water column ammonia and water column and sediment metals, including Cu and Zn, may have contributed historically to declining densities and extirpations of mussels in the river's Virginia sections. These studies also reveal increasing temporal trends for dissolved solids concentrations throughout much of the river's extent. Current mussel abundance patterns do not correspond spatially with physical habitat quality, but they do correspond with specific conductance, dissolved major ions, and water column metals, suggesting these and/or associated constituents as factors contributing to mussel declines. Mussels are sensitive to metals. Native mussels and hatchery-raised mussels held in cages in situ accumulated metals in their body tissues in river sections where mussels are declining. Organic compound and bed-sediment contaminant analyses did not reveal spatial correspondences with mussel status metrics, although potentially toxic levels were found. Collectively, these studies identify major ions and metals as water- and sediment-quality concerns for mussel conservation in the Clinch River.

American School & University. Volume 76, Number 6

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Agron, Joe, Ed.

2004-01-01

Each month "American School & University" provides a mix of thought-provoking features, how-to-articles, industry reports, exclusive surveys, new sections, insightful columns, new product introductions and case histories to assist education officials in better performing their jobs. This February 2004 issue includes the following: "The Color of…

American School & University. Volume 76, Number 13

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 2004

2004-01-01

Each month "American School & University" provides a mix of thought-provoking features, how-to-articles, industry reports, exclusive surveys, new sections, insightful columns, new product introductions and case histories to assist education officials in better performing their jobs. This August 2004 issue includes the following: "Wireless World"…

American School & University. Volume 77, Number 9

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Agron, Joe, Ed.

2005-01-01

Each month, "American School & University" provides a mix of thought-provoking features, how-to-articles, industry reports, exclusive surveys, new sections, insightful columns, new product introductions and case histories to assist education officials in better performing their jobs. This April 2005 issue includes the following: "Taking Pride"…

American School & University. Volume 77, Number 12

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Agron, Joe, Ed.

2005-01-01

Each month, "American School & University" provides a mix of thought-provoking features, how-to-articles, industry reports, exclusive surveys, new sections, insightful columns, new product introductions and case histories to assist education officials in better performing their jobs. This July 2005 issue includes the following: "Sweat Shop"…

American School & University. Volume 76, Number 9

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Agron, Joe, Ed.

2004-01-01

Each month "American School & University" provides a mix of thought-provoking features, how-to-articles, industry reports, exclusive surveys, new sections, insightful columns, new product introductions and case histories to assist education officials in better performing their jobs. This April 2004 issue includes the following: "Lifelong Learning"…

American School & University. Volume 76, Number 5

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Agron, Joe, Ed.

2004-01-01

Each month "American School & University" provides a mix of thought-provoking features, how-to-articles, industry reports, exclusive surveys, new sections, insightful columns, new product introductions and case histories to assist education officials in better performing their jobs. This January 2004 issue includes the following: "Optimism in…

American School & University. Volume 77, Number 6

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Agron, Joe, Ed.

2005-01-01

Each month, "American School & University" provides a mix of thought-provoking features, how-to-articles, industry reports, exclusive surveys, new sections, insightful columns, new product introductions and case histories to assist education officials in better performing their jobs. This February 2005 issue includes the following: "Under Fire"…

American School & University. Volume 77, Number 12

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Agron, Joe, Ed.

2005-01-01

Each month, "American School & University" provides a mix of thought-provoking features, how-to-articles, industry reports, exclusive surveys, new sections, insightful columns, new product introductions and case histories to assist education officials in better performing their jobs. This January 2005 issue includes the following: "Looking Ahead"…

American School & University. Volume 76, Number 10

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Agron, Joe, Ed.

2004-01-01

Each month "American School & University" provides a mix of thought-provoking features, how-to-articles, industry reports, exclusive surveys, new sections, insightful columns, new product introductions and case histories to assist education officials in better performing their jobs. This May 2004 issue includes the following: "Taking The LEED"…

Between the Lines. A Basic Skills Newspaper Pack.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adult Literacy and Basic Skills Unit, London (England).

This document incorporates source materials from local and regional newspapers from different parts of the United Kingdom into learning activities to develop literacy skills. The activities are organized into seven sections as follows: local newspapers (types of local newspapers, regular and special features, columns and blocks, and reading the…

Talking Stick. Volume 28, Number 2, November-December 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baumann, James A., Ed.

2010-01-01

The "Talking Stick" is published bimonthly, six times a year in January/February, March/April, May/June, July/August, September/October, and November/December by the Association of College and University Housing Officers-International. Each issue is divided into three sections, namely: Features, Columns, and Departments. These sections…

Nuclear reactor control column

DOEpatents

Bachovchin, Dennis M.

1982-01-01

The nuclear reactor control column comprises a column disposed within the nuclear reactor core having a variable cross-section hollow channel and containing balls whose vertical location is determined by the flow of the reactor coolant through the column. The control column is divided into three basic sections wherein each of the sections has a different cross-sectional area. The uppermost section of the control column has the greatest cross-sectional area, the intermediate section of the control column has the smallest cross-sectional area, and the lowermost section of the control column has the intermediate cross-sectional area. In this manner, the area of the uppermost section can be established such that when the reactor coolant is flowing under normal conditions therethrough, the absorber balls will be lifted and suspended in a fluidized bed manner in the upper section. However, when the reactor coolant flow falls below a predetermined value, the absorber balls will fall through the intermediate section and into the lowermost section, thereby reducing the reactivity of the reactor core and shutting down the reactor.

Follicle Microstructure and Innervation Vary between Pinniped Micro- and Macrovibrissae.

PubMed

Mattson, Erin E; Marshall, Christopher D

2016-01-01

Histological data from terrestrial, semiaquatic, and fully aquatic mammal vibrissa (whisker) studies indicate that follicle microstructure and innervation vary across the mystacial vibrissal array (i.e. medial microvibrissae to lateral macrovibrissae). However, comparative data are lacking, and current histological studies on pinniped vibrissae only focus on the largest ventrolateral vibrissae. Consequently, we investigated the microstructure, medial-to-lateral innervation, and morphometric trends in harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) vibrissal follicle-sinus complexes (F-SCs). The F-SCs were sectioned either longitudinally or in cross-section and stained with a modified Masson's trichrome stain (microstructure) or Bodian's silver stain (innervation). All F-SCs exhibited a tripartite blood organization system. The dermal capsule thickness, the distribution of major branches of the deep vibrissal nerve, and the hair shaft design were more symmetrical in medial F-SCs, but these features became more asymmetrical as the F-SCs became more lateral. Overall, the mean axon count was 1,221 ± 422.3 axons/F-SC and mean axon counts by column ranged from 550 ± 97.4 axons/F-SC (medially, column 11) to 1,632 ± 173.2 axons/F-SC (laterally, column 2). These values indicate a total of 117,216 axons innervating the entire mystacial vibrissal array. The mean axon count of lateral F-SCs was 1,533 ± 192.9 axons/ F-SC, which is similar to values reported in the literature for other pinniped F-SCs. Our data suggest that conventional studies that only examine the largest ventrolateral vibrissae may overestimate the total innervation by ∼20%. However, our study also accounts for variation in quantification methods and shows that conventional analyses likely only overestimate innervation by ∼10%. The relationship between axon count and cross-sectional F-SC surface area was nonlinear, and axon densities were consistent across the snout. Our data indicate that harp seals exhibit microstructural and innervational differences between their microvibrissae (columns 8-11) and macrovibrissae (columns 1-7). We hypothesize that this feature is conserved among pinnipeds and may result in functional compartmentalization within their mystacial vibrissal arrays. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Scales of columnar jointing in igneous rocks: field measurements and controlling factors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hetényi, György; Taisne, Benoît; Garel, Fanny; Médard, Étienne; Bosshard, Sonja; Mattsson, Hannes B.

2012-03-01

Columnar jointing is a common feature of solidified lavas, sills and dikes, but the factors controlling the characteristic stoutness of columns remain debated, and quantitative field observations are few in number. In this paper, we provide quantitative measurements on sizing of columnar joint sets and our assessment of the principal factors controlling it. We focus on (1) chemistry, as it is the major determinant of the physical (mechanical and thermal) properties of the lava, and (2) geology, as it influences the style of emplacement and lava geometry, setting boundary conditions for the cooling process and the rate of heat loss. In our analysis, we cover lavas with a broad range of chemical compositions (from basanite to phonolite, for six of which we provide new geochemical analyses) and of geological settings. Our field measurements cover 50 columnar jointing sites in three countries. We provide reliable, manually digitized data on the size of individual columns and focus the mathematical analysis on their geometry (23,889 data on side length, of which 17,312 are from full column sections and 3,033 data on cross-sectional area and order of polygonality). The geometrical observations show that the variation in characteristic size of columns between different sites exceeds one order of magnitude (side length ranging from 8 to 338 cm) and that the column-bounding polygons' average order is less than 6. The network of fractures is found to be longer than required by a minimum-energy hexagonal configuration, indicating a non-equilibrium, geologically quick process. In terms of the development and characteristic sizing of columnar joint sets, our observations suggest that columns are the result of an interplay between the geological setting of emplacement and magma chemistry. When the geological setting constrains the geometry of the emplaced body, it exerts a stronger control on characteristic column stoutness. At unconstrained geometries (e.g. unconfined lava flows), chemistry plays the major role, resulting in stouter columns in felsic lavas and slenderer columns in mafic lavas.

Parametric Study of Fire Performance of Concrete Filled Hollow Steel Section Columns with Circular and Square Cross-Section

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nurfaidhi Rizalman, Ahmad; Tahir, Ng Seong Yap Mahmood Md; Mohammad, Shahrin

2018-03-01

Concrete filled hollow steel section column have been widely accepted by structural engineers and designers for high rise construction due to the benefits of combining steel and concrete. The advantages of concrete filled hollow steel section column include higher strength, ductility, energy absorption capacity, and good structural fire resistance. In this paper, comparison on the fire performance between circular and square concrete filled hollow steel section column is established. A three-dimensional finite element package, ABAQUS, was used to develop the numerical model to study the temperature development, critical temperature, and fire resistance time of the selected composite columns. Based on the analysis and comparison of typical parameters, the effect of equal cross-sectional size for both steel and concrete, concrete types, and thickness of external protection on temperature distribution and structural fire behaviour of the columns are discussed. The result showed that concrete filled hollow steel section column with circular cross-section generally has higher fire resistance than the square section.

Vertically stabilized elongated cross-section tokamak

DOEpatents

Sheffield, George V.

1977-01-01

This invention provides a vertically stabilized, non-circular (minor) cross-section, toroidal plasma column characterized by an external separatrix. To this end, a specific poloidal coil means is added outside a toroidal plasma column containing an endless plasma current in a tokamak to produce a rectangular cross-section plasma column along the equilibrium axis of the plasma column. By elongating the spacing between the poloidal coil means the plasma cross-section is vertically elongated, while maintaining vertical stability, efficiently to increase the poloidal flux in linear proportion to the plasma cross-section height to achieve a much greater plasma volume than could be achieved with the heretofore known round cross-section plasma columns. Also, vertical stability is enhanced over an elliptical cross-section plasma column, and poloidal magnetic divertors are achieved.

Steel-reinforced concrete-filled steel tubular columns under axial and lateral cyclic loading

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Farajpourbonab, Ebrahim; Kute, Sunil Y.; Inamdar, Vilas M.

2018-03-01

SRCFT columns are formed by inserting a steel section into a concrete-filled steel tube. These types of columns are named steel-reinforced concrete-filled steel tubular (SRCFT) columns. The current study aims at investigating the various types of reinforcing steel section to improve the strength and hysteresis behavior of SRCFT columns under axial and lateral cyclic loading. To attain this objective, a numerical study has been conducted on a series of composite columns. First, FEM procedure has been verified by the use of available experimental studies. Next, eight composite columns having different types of cross sections were analyzed. For comparison purpose, the base model was a CFT column used as a benchmark specimen. Nevertheless, the other specimens were SRCFT types. The results indicate that reinforcement of a CFT column through this method leads to enhancement in load-carrying capacity, enhancement in lateral drift ratio, ductility, preventing of local buckling in steel shell, and enhancement in energy absorption capacity. Under cyclic displacement history, it was observed that the use of cross-shaped reinforcing steel section causes a higher level of energy dissipation and the moment of inertia of the reinforcing steel sections was found to be the most significant parameter affecting the hysteresis behavior of SRCFT columns.

The Prevalence of the 22 deg Halo in Cirrus Clouds

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Diedenhoven, vanBastiaan

2014-01-01

Halos at 22 deg from the sun attributed to randomly-orientated, pristine hexagonal crystals are frequently observed through ice clouds. These frequent sightings of halos formed by pristine crystals pose an apparent inconsistency with the dominance of distorted, nonpristine ice crystals indicated by in situ and remote sensing data. Furthermore, the 46 deg halo, which is associated with pristine hexagonal crystals as well, is observed far less frequently than the 22 deg halo. Considering that plausible mechanisms that could cause crystal distortion such as aggregation, sublimation, riming and collisions are stochastic processes that likely lead to distributions of crystals with varying distortion levels, here the presence of the 22 deg and 46 deg halo features in phase functions of mixtures of pristine and distorted hexagonal ice crystals is examined. We conclude that the 22 deg halo feature is generally present if the contribution by pristine crystals to the total scattering cross section is greater than only about 10% in the case of compact particles or columns, and greater than about 40% for plates. The 46 deg halo feature is present only if the mean distortion level is low and the contribution of pristine crystals to the total scattering cross section is above about 20%, 50% and 70%, in the case of compact crystals, plates and columns, respectively. These results indicate that frequent sightings of 22 deg halos are not inconsistent with the observed dominance of distorted, non-pristine ice crystals. Furthermore, the low mean distortion levels and large contributions by pristine crystals needed to produce the 461 halo features provide a potential explanation of the common sighting of the 22 deg halo without any detectable 46 deg halo.

Fabrication and investigation of electrochromatographic columns with a simplex configuration.

PubMed

Liu, Qing; Yang, Lijun; Wang, Qiuquan; Zhang, Bo

2014-07-04

Duplex capillary columns with a packed and an open section are widely used in electrochromatography (CEC). The duplex column configuration leads to non-uniform voltage drop, electrical field distribution and separation performance. It also adds to the complexity in understanding and optimizing electrochromatographic process. In this study, we introduced a simplex column configuration based on single particle fritting technology. The new column configuration has an essentially uniform packed bed through the entire column length, with only 1mm length left unpacked serving as the optical detection window. The study shows that a simplex column has higher separation efficiency than a duplex column, especially at the high voltage range, due to the consistent distribution of electrical field over the column length. In comparison to the duplex column, the simplex column presented a lower flow rate at the same applied voltage, suggesting that an open section may support a higher speed than a packed section. In practice, the long and short ends of the simplex column could be used as independent CEC columns respectively. This "two-in-one" bi-functional column configuration provided extra flexibilities in selecting and optimizing electrochromatographic conditions. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Column Strength of Two Extruded Aluminum-Alloy H-Sections

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Osgood, William R; Holt, Marshall

1939-01-01

Extruded aluminum-alloy members of various cross sections are used in aircraft as compression members either singly or as stiffeners for aluminum-alloy sheet. In order to design such members, it is necessary to know their column strength or, in the case of stiffeners, the value of the double modulus, which is best obtained for practical purposes from column tests. Column tests made on two extruded h-sections are described, and column formulas and formulas for the ratio of the double modulus to Young's modulus, based on the tests, are given.

Calculation of Centrally Loaded Thin-Walled Columns Above the Buckling Limit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reinitzhuber, F.

1945-01-01

When thin-walled columns formed from flanged sheet, such as used in airplane construction, are subjected to axial load, their behavior at failure varies according to the slenderness ratio. On long columns the axis deflects laterally while the cross section form is maintained; buckling results. The respective breaking load in the elastic range is computed by Euler's formula and for the plastic range by the Engesser- Karman formula. Its magnitude is essentially dependent upon the length. On intermediate length columns, especially where open sections are concerned, the cross section is distorted while the cross section form is preserved; twisting failure results. The buckling load in twisting is calculated according to Wagner and Kappus. On short columns the straight walls of low-bending resistance that form the column are deflected at the same time that the cross section form changes - buckling occurs without immediate failure. Then the buckling load of the total section computable from the buckling loads of the section walls is not the ultimate load; quite often, especially on thin-walled sections, it lies considerably higher and is secured by tests. Both loads, the buckling and the ultimate load are only in a small measure dependent upon length. The present report is an attempt to theoretically investigate the behavior of such short, thin-walled columns above the buckling load with the conventional calculating methods.

Telescoping columns. [parabolic antenna support

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mazur, J. T. (Inventor)

1980-01-01

An extendable column is described which consists of several axially elongated rigid structural sections nested within one another. Each section includes a number of rotatably attached screws running along its length. The next inner section includes threaded lugs oriented to threadingly engage the screws. The column is extended or retracted upon rotation of the screws. The screws of each section are selectively rotated by a motor and an engagement mechanism.

Graphing Important People

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reading Teacher, 2012

2012-01-01

The "Toolbox" column features content adapted from ReadWriteThink.org lesson plans and provides practical tools for classroom teachers. This issue's column features a lesson plan adapted from "Graphing Plot and Character in a Novel" by Lisa Storm Fink and "Bio-graph: Graphing Life Events" by Susan Spangler. Students retell biographic events…

Orientation is different: Interaction between contour integration and feature contrasts in visual search.

PubMed

Jingling, Li; Tseng, Chia-Huei; Zhaoping, Li

2013-09-10

Salient items usually capture attention and are beneficial to visual search. Jingling and Tseng (2013), nevertheless, have discovered that a salient collinear column can impair local visual search. The display used in that study had 21 rows and 27 columns of bars, all uniformly horizontal (or vertical) except for one column of bars orthogonally oriented to all other bars, making this unique column of collinear (or noncollinear) bars salient in the display. Observers discriminated an oblique target bar superimposed on one of the bars either in the salient column or in the background. Interestingly, responses were slower for a target in a salient collinear column than in the background. This opens a theoretical question of how contour integration interacts with salience computation, which is addressed here by an examination of how salience modulated the search impairment from the collinear column. We show that the collinear column needs to have a high orientation contrast with its neighbors to exert search interference. A collinear column of high contrast in color or luminance did not produce the same impairment. Our results show that orientation-defined salience interacted with collinear contour differently from other feature dimensions, which is consistent with the neuronal properties in V1.

7 CFR 361.5 - Sampling of seeds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... seed are shown in column 1 of table 1 of this section. If the lot of seed is a mixture, the following... sample shall be the weight shown in column 1 of table 1 of this section for the kind or group of kinds...) of the weight shown in column 1 of table 1 of this section for each of the kinds that comprise the...

7 CFR 361.5 - Sampling of seeds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... seed are shown in column 1 of table 1 of this section. If the lot of seed is a mixture, the following... sample shall be the weight shown in column 1 of table 1 of this section for the kind or group of kinds...) of the weight shown in column 1 of table 1 of this section for each of the kinds that comprise the...

7 CFR 361.5 - Sampling of seeds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... seed are shown in column 1 of table 1 of this section. If the lot of seed is a mixture, the following... sample shall be the weight shown in column 1 of table 1 of this section for the kind or group of kinds...) of the weight shown in column 1 of table 1 of this section for each of the kinds that comprise the...

A Theory of How Columns in the Neocortex Enable Learning the Structure of the World

PubMed Central

Hawkins, Jeff; Ahmad, Subutai; Cui, Yuwei

2017-01-01

Neocortical regions are organized into columns and layers. Connections between layers run mostly perpendicular to the surface suggesting a columnar functional organization. Some layers have long-range excitatory lateral connections suggesting interactions between columns. Similar patterns of connectivity exist in all regions but their exact role remain a mystery. In this paper, we propose a network model composed of columns and layers that performs robust object learning and recognition. Each column integrates its changing input over time to learn complete predictive models of observed objects. Excitatory lateral connections across columns allow the network to more rapidly infer objects based on the partial knowledge of adjacent columns. Because columns integrate input over time and space, the network learns models of complex objects that extend well beyond the receptive field of individual cells. Our network model introduces a new feature to cortical columns. We propose that a representation of location relative to the object being sensed is calculated within the sub-granular layers of each column. The location signal is provided as an input to the network, where it is combined with sensory data. Our model contains two layers and one or more columns. Simulations show that using Hebbian-like learning rules small single-column networks can learn to recognize hundreds of objects, with each object containing tens of features. Multi-column networks recognize objects with significantly fewer movements of the sensory receptors. Given the ubiquity of columnar and laminar connectivity patterns throughout the neocortex, we propose that columns and regions have more powerful recognition and modeling capabilities than previously assumed. PMID:29118696

Compression-bending of multi-component semi-rigid columns in response to axial loads and conjugate reciprocal extension-prediction of mechanical behaviours and implications for structural design.

PubMed

Lau, Ernest W

2013-01-01

The mathematical modelling of column buckling or beam bending under an axial or transverse load is well established. However, the existent models generally assume a high degree of symmetry in the structure of the column and minor longitudinal and transverse displacements. The situation when the column is made of several components with different mechanical properties asymmetrically distributed in the transverse section, semi-rigid, and subjected to multiple axial loads with significant longitudinal and transverse displacements through compression and bending has not been well characterised. A more comprehensive theoretical model allowing for these possibilities and assuming a circular arc contour for the bend is developed, and used to establish the bending axes, balance between compression and bending, and equivalent stiffness of the column. In certain situations, such as with pull cable catheters commonly used for minimally invasive surgical procedures, the compression loads are applied via cables running through channels inside a semi-rigid column. The model predicts the mathematical relationships between the radius of curvature of the bend and the tension in and normal force exerted by such cables. Conjugate extension with reciprocal compression-bending is a special structural arrangement for a semi-rigid column such that extension of one segment is linked to compression-bending of another by inextensible cables running between them. Leads are cords containing insulated electrical conductor coil and cables between the heart muscle and cardiac implantable electronic devices. Leads can behave like pull cable catheters through differential component pulling, providing a possible mechanism for inside-out abrasion and conductor cable externalisation. Certain design features may predispose to this mode of structural failure. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Coping with Anxiety on a New Job: Q&A with Libby Malone

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Communique, 2017

2017-01-01

The Early Career Spotlight column aims to illustrate accomplishments, or problems that are overcome, by early career school psychologists. In each column, a different school psychologist or NASP leader is featured. This issue features questions and answers with Libby Malone, who works as a school psychologist for Denver Public Schools at West…

Laser Eye Protection Groupware Application Information System

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-11-01

Q^ Concenlralion ^ Data & Program Res ■>i Excfted Stele Cross-Section ’^> EKtrnction Coefficient ^s Ground Stale Cross-Section ?> Reference...2nd Level (2nd column) 4 Chemical Compound Bio material name 3nd Level (3rd column) 4th Level (4th column) Figure 14A. Reference Date View

Study of scattering cross section of a plasma column using Green's function volume integral equation method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Soltanmoradi, Elmira; Shokri, Babak

2017-05-01

In this article, the electromagnetic wave scattering from plasma columns with inhomogeneous electron density distribution is studied by the Green's function volume integral equation method. Due to the ready production of such plasmas in the laboratories and their practical application in various technological fields, this study tries to find the effects of plasma parameters such as the electron density, radius, and pressure on the scattering cross-section of a plasma column. Moreover, the incident wave frequency influence of the scattering pattern is demonstrated. Furthermore, the scattering cross-section of a plasma column with an inhomogeneous collision frequency profile is calculated and the effect of this inhomogeneity is discussed first in this article. These results are especially used to determine the appropriate conditions for radar cross-section reduction purposes. It is shown that the radar cross-section of a plasma column reduces more for a larger collision frequency, for a relatively lower plasma frequency, and also for a smaller radius. Furthermore, it is found that the effect of the electron density on the scattering cross-section is more obvious in comparison with the effect of other plasma parameters. Also, the plasma column with homogenous collision frequency can be used as a better shielding in contrast to its inhomogeneous counterpart.

Evaluating two process scale chromatography column header designs using CFD.

PubMed

Johnson, Chris; Natarajan, Venkatesh; Antoniou, Chris

2014-01-01

Chromatography is an indispensable unit operation in the downstream processing of biomolecules. Scaling of chromatographic operations typically involves a significant increase in the column diameter. At this scale, the flow distribution within a packed bed could be severely affected by the distributor design in process scale columns. Different vendors offer process scale columns with varying design features. The effect of these design features on the flow distribution in packed beds and the resultant effect on column efficiency and cleanability needs to be properly understood in order to prevent unpleasant surprises on scale-up. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) provides a cost-effective means to explore the effect of various distributor designs on process scale performance. In this work, we present a CFD tool that was developed and validated against experimental dye traces and tracer injections. Subsequently, the tool was employed to compare and contrast two commercially available header designs. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.

Dynamical and Radiative Properties of X-Ray Pulsar Accretion Columns: Phase-averaged Spectra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

West, Brent F.; Wolfram, Kenneth D.; Becker, Peter A.

2017-02-01

The availability of the unprecedented spectral resolution provided by modern X-ray observatories is opening up new areas for study involving the coupled formation of the continuum emission and the cyclotron absorption features in accretion-powered X-ray pulsar spectra. Previous research focusing on the dynamics and the associated formation of the observed spectra has largely been confined to the single-fluid model, in which the super-Eddington luminosity inside the column decelerates the flow to rest at the stellar surface, while the dynamical effect of gas pressure is ignored. In a companion paper, we have presented a detailed analysis of the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic structure of the accretion column obtained using a new self-consistent model that includes the effects of both gas and radiation pressures. In this paper, we explore the formation of the associated X-ray spectra using a rigorous photon transport equation that is consistent with the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic structure of the column. We use the new model to obtain phase-averaged spectra and partially occulted spectra for Her X-1, Cen X-3, and LMC X-4. We also use the new model to constrain the emission geometry, and compare the resulting parameters with those obtained using previously published models. Our model sheds new light on the structure of the column, the relationship between the ionized gas and the photons, the competition between diffusive and advective transport, and the magnitude of the energy-averaged cyclotron scattering cross-section.

Cutaneous texture discrimination following transection of the dorsal spinal column in monkeys.

PubMed

Vierck, C J; Cooper, B Y

1998-01-01

Transection of the dorsal spinal column in monkeys has been shown to impair discrimination of the frequency or duration of repetitive tactile stimulation, without recovery over extended periods of postoperative testing. These deficits would be likely to prevent discrimination between textures presented passively and in sequence, if repetitive temporal sequences were distinguishing features of the textures. However, previous investigations of texture discrimination after dorsal column section did not obtain a deficit on tests involving active palpation of sandpaper surfaces. In the present study, rows of raised dots were stroked across the glabrous skin of one foot so that temporal entrainment of neural activity would constitute a prominent cue. The rows were oriented mediolaterally, and the textures moved proximodistally across the skin surface (varying the spacing between the rows). Four monkeys were trained to release a lever when the rougher of two textures was in contact with the skin, and the rough texture was preceded by one to three passes of a smooth texture. Stable levels of preoperative performance ranged from 78.6 to 85.7% correct responses. After interruption of the ipsilateral dorsal column, each monkey was impaired over at least 2 months of testing. One animal did not show evidence of recovery; two recovered partially from the initial deficit; and one returned to preoperative levels of performance after extensive retraining. These results are interpreted in terms of aberrant inhibitory influences which result from repetitive stimulation after a dorsal column lesion.

Dynamical and Radiative Properties of X-Ray Pulsar Accretion Columns: Phase-averaged Spectra

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

West, Brent F.; Wolfram, Kenneth D.; Becker, Peter A., E-mail: bwest@usna.edu, E-mail: kswolfram@gmail.com, E-mail: pbecker@gmu.edu

The availability of the unprecedented spectral resolution provided by modern X-ray observatories is opening up new areas for study involving the coupled formation of the continuum emission and the cyclotron absorption features in accretion-powered X-ray pulsar spectra. Previous research focusing on the dynamics and the associated formation of the observed spectra has largely been confined to the single-fluid model, in which the super-Eddington luminosity inside the column decelerates the flow to rest at the stellar surface, while the dynamical effect of gas pressure is ignored. In a companion paper, we have presented a detailed analysis of the hydrodynamic and thermodynamicmore » structure of the accretion column obtained using a new self-consistent model that includes the effects of both gas and radiation pressures. In this paper, we explore the formation of the associated X-ray spectra using a rigorous photon transport equation that is consistent with the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic structure of the column. We use the new model to obtain phase-averaged spectra and partially occulted spectra for Her X-1, Cen X-3, and LMC X-4. We also use the new model to constrain the emission geometry, and compare the resulting parameters with those obtained using previously published models. Our model sheds new light on the structure of the column, the relationship between the ionized gas and the photons, the competition between diffusive and advective transport, and the magnitude of the energy-averaged cyclotron scattering cross-section.« less

The relation between height, foot length, pelvic adequacy and mode of delivery.

PubMed

Van Bogaert, L J

1999-02-01

To investigate the value of maternal height and foot length as predictors of pelvic adequacy and to evaluate the influence of body components' proportions on the mode of delivery. Retrospective study of the anthropometry of women having normal vertex deliveries (NVD), caesarean sections (CS) and vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC). NVD patients were taller, had a longer vertebral column, longer lower limbs and longer feet than CS and than VBAC patients. The anthropometric measurements of VBAC patients yielded values intermediate between CS and NVD patients. The ratios of height to any of the other measured variables (vertebral column, lower limb and foot length) were similar in the three groups indicating that the body proportions were the same. Maternal height and foot length are of limited value as predictors of pelvic (in-)adequacy. The anthropometric features of women delivered by CS only are similar to those of women having a vaginal birth after Caesarean.

Thickness dependence of scattering cross-sections in quantitative scanning transmission electron microscopy.

PubMed

Martinez, G T; van den Bos, K H W; Alania, M; Nellist, P D; Van Aert, S

2018-04-01

In quantitative scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), scattering cross-sections have been shown to be very sensitive to the number of atoms in a column and its composition. They correspond to the integrated intensity over the atomic column and they outperform other measures. As compared to atomic column peak intensities, which saturate at a given thickness, scattering cross-sections increase monotonically. A study of the electron wave propagation is presented to explain the sensitivity of the scattering cross-sections. Based on the multislice algorithm, we analyse the wave propagation inside the crystal and its link to the scattered signal for the different probe positions contained in the scattering cross-section for detector collection in the low-, middle- and high-angle regimes. The influence to the signal from scattering of neighbouring columns is also discussed. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Latching mechanism for deployable/re-stowable columns useful in satellite construction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ahl, E. L., Jr. (Inventor)

1986-01-01

A column longeron latch assembly provides the securing mechanism for the deployable, telescoping column of a hoop/column antenna. The column is an open lattice structure with three longerons disposed 120 deg apart as the principle load bearing member. The column is deployed from a pair of eleven nested bays disposed on opposite sides of a center section under the influence of a motor-cable-pulley system. The longeron latch is a four bar linkage mechanism using the over-center principle for automatically locking the longeron sections into position during deployment. The latch is unlocked when the antenna is to be restowed. A spring pack disposed in the end of each longeron serves to absorb stress forces on the deployed column through the cam head piston and abutting latch from an adjacent longeron.

Child Care Health Connections, 1999: A Health and Safety Newsletter for California Child Care Professionals.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walery, Nancy, Ed.; Evinger, Sara, Ed.; Dailey, Lyn, Ed.; Sherman, Marsha, Ed.; Zamani, Rahman, Ed.

1999-01-01

This document is comprised of the six 1999 issues of a bimonthly newsletter providing information on young children's health and safety for California's child care professionals. Regular features include a column on infant/toddler concerns, a question-answer column regarding medical and health issues, a nutrition column, and resources for child…

Public dashboard

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-03-19

This website provides information on road construction projects in Virginia. The Dashboard is divided into four sections. The far left hand column is referred to as the Advertisement Section. This column deals with planned projects that are being pre...

Finite Element Analysis of Increasing Column Section and CFRP Reinforcement Method under Different Axial Compression Ratio

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jinghai, Zhou; Tianbei, Kang; Fengchi, Wang; Xindong, Wang

2017-11-01

Eight less stirrups in the core area frame joints are simulated by ABAQUS finite element numerical software. The composite reinforcement method is strengthened with carbon fiber and increasing column section, the axial compression ratio of reinforced specimens is 0.3, 0.45 and 0.6 respectively. The results of the load-displacement curve, ductility and stiffness are analyzed, and it is found that the different axial compression ratio has great influence on the bearing capacity of increasing column section strengthening method, and has little influence on carbon fiber reinforcement method. The different strengthening schemes improve the ultimate bearing capacity and ductility of frame joints in a certain extent, composite reinforcement joints strengthening method to improve the most significant, followed by increasing column section, reinforcement method of carbon fiber reinforced joints to increase the minimum.

Behaviour of wrapped cold-formed steel columns under different loading conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baabu, B. Hari; Sreenath, S.

2017-07-01

The use of Cold Formed Steel (CFS) sections as structural members is widely accepted because of its light nature. However, the load carrying capacity of these sections will be less compared to hot rolled sections. This study is meant to analyze the possibility of strengthening cold formed members by wrapping it with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) laminates. Light gauge steel columns of cross sectional dimensions 100mm x 50mm x 3.15mm were taken for this study. The effective length of the section is about 750mm. A total of 8 specimens including the control specimen is tested under axial and eccentric loading. The columns were tested keeping both ends hinged. For both loading cases the buckling behaviour, ultimate load carrying capacity and load-deflection characteristics of the CFS columns were analyzed. The GFRP laminates were wrapped on columns in three different ways such that wrapping the outer surface of web and flange throughout the length of specimen, wrapping the outer surface of web alone throughout the length of specimen and wrapping the outer surface of web and flange for the upper half length of the specimen where the buckling is expected. For both loading cases, the results indicated that the column with wrapping at the outer surface of web and flange throughout the length of specimen provides better strength for it.

Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Columns of Various Cross-Sections Subjected to Fire

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balaji, Aneesha; Muhamed Luquman, K.; Nagarajan, Praveen; Madhavan Pillai, T. M.

2016-09-01

Fire resistance is one of the crucial design regulations which are now mandatory in most of the design codes. Therefore, a thorough knowledge of behaviour of structures exposed to fire is required in this aspect. Columns are the most vulnerable structural member to fire as it can be exposed to fire from all sides. However, the data available for fire resistant design for columns are limited. Hence the present work is focused on the effect of cross-sectional shape of column in fire resistance design. The various cross-sections considered are Square, Ell (L), Tee (T), and Plus (`+') shape. Also the effect of size and shape and distribution of steel reinforcement on fire resistance of columns is studied. As the procedure for determining fire resistance is not mentioned in Indian Standard code IS 456 (2000), the simplified method (500 °C isotherm method) recommended in EN 1992-1-2:2004 (E) (Eurocode 2) is adopted. The temperature profiles for various cross-sections are developed using finite element method and these profiles are used to predict fire resistance capability of compression members. The fire resistance based on both numerical and code based methods are evaluated and compared for various types of cross-section.

Controlled irrigation of a structured packing as a method for increasing the efficiency of liquid mixture separation in the distillation column

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pavlenko, A. N.; Zhukov, V. E.; Pecherkin, N. I.; Nazarov, A. D.; Li, X.; Li, H.; Gao, X.; Sui, H.

2017-09-01

The use of modern structured packing in the distillation columns allows much more even distribution of the liquid film over the packing surface, but it does not completely solve the problem of uniform distribution of flow parameters over the entire height of the packing. Negative stratification of vapor along the packing height caused by different densities of vapor mixture components and higher temperature in the lower part of the column leads to formation of large-scale maldistributions of temperature and mixture composition over the column cross-section even under the conditions of uniform irrigation of packing with liquid. In these experiments, the idea of compensatory action of liquid distributor on the large-scale maldistribution of mixture composition over the column cross-section was implemented. The experiments were carried out in the distillation column with the diameter of 0.9 m on 10 layers of the Mellapak 350Y packing with the total height of 2.1 m. The mixture of R-21 and R-114 was used as the working mixture. To irrigate the packing, the liquid distributorr with 126 independently controlled solenoid valves overlapping the holes with the diameter of 5 mm, specially designed by the authors, was used. Response of the column to the action of liquid distributor was observed in real time according to the indications of 3 groups of thermometers mounted in 3 different cross-sections of the column. The experiments showed that the minimal correction of the drip point pattern in the controlled liquid distributor can significantly affect the pattern of flow parameter distribution over the cross-section and height of the mass transfer surface and increase separation efficiency of the column within 20%.

Intermittent simulated moving bed chromatography: 3. Separation of Tröger's base enantiomers under nonlinear conditions.

PubMed

Katsuo, Shigeharu; Langel, Christian; Sandré, Anne-Laure; Mazzotti, Marco

2011-12-30

One of the modified simulated moving bed (SMB) processes, the intermittent SMB (I-SMB) process, has been recently analyzed theoretically [1] and its superior performance compared to the conventional SMB process has been demonstrated at a rather low total feed concentration through experiments and simulations [2]. This work shows that the I-SMB process outperforms the conventional SMB process also at high feed concentration where the species are clearly subject to a nonlinear adsorption isotherm. In the case of the separation of the Tröger's base's enantiomers in ethanol on ChiralPak AD, the two processes operated in a six-column 1-2-2-1 configuration (one column in sections 1 and 4 and two columns in sections 2 and 3) and in a four-column 1-1-1-1 configuration (one column in each section) are compared at high feed concentration through both experiments and simulations. Even under nonlinear conditions the four column I-SMB process can successfully separate the two enantiomers achieving purity levels as high as the two six column processes and exhibiting better productivity. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Recent Progress in Monolithic Silica Columns for High-Speed and High-Selectivity Separations.

PubMed

Ikegami, Tohru; Tanaka, Nobuo

2016-06-12

Monolithic silica columns have greater (through-pore size)/(skeleton size) ratios than particulate columns and fixed support structures in a column for chemical modification, resulting in high-efficiency columns and stationary phases. This review looks at how the size range of monolithic silica columns has been expanded, how high-efficiency monolithic silica columns have been realized, and how various methods of silica surface functionalization, leading to selective stationary phases, have been developed on monolithic silica supports, and provides information on the current status of these columns. Also discussed are the practical aspects of monolithic silica columns, including how their versatility can be improved by the preparation of small-sized structural features (sub-micron) and columns (1 mm ID or smaller) and by optimizing reaction conditions for in situ chemical modification with various restrictions, with an emphasis on recent research results for both topics.

EIA model documentation: World oil refining logistics demand model,``WORLD`` reference manual. Version 1.1

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1994-04-11

This manual is intended primarily for use as a reference by analysts applying the WORLD model to regional studies. It also provides overview information on WORLD features of potential interest to managers and analysts. Broadly, the manual covers WORLD model features in progressively increasing detail. Section 2 provides an overview of the WORLD model, how it has evolved, what its design goals are, what it produces, and where it can be taken with further enhancements. Section 3 reviews model management covering data sources, managing over-optimization, calibration and seasonality, check-points for case construction and common errors. Section 4 describes in detailmore » the WORLD system, including: data and program systems in overview; details of mainframe and PC program control and files;model generation, size management, debugging and error analysis; use with different optimizers; and reporting and results analysis. Section 5 provides a detailed description of every WORLD model data table, covering model controls, case and technology data. Section 6 goes into the details of WORLD matrix structure. It provides an overview, describes how regional definitions are controlled and defines the naming conventions for-all model rows, columns, right-hand sides, and bounds. It also includes a discussion of the formulation of product blending and specifications in WORLD. Several Appendices supplement the main sections.« less

Device to improve detection in electro-chromatography

DOEpatents

Garguilo, Michael G.; Paul, Phillip H.; Rakestraw, David J.

2000-01-01

Apparatus and method for improving the resolution of non-pressure driven capillary chromatographic systems, and particularly for capillary electrochromatography (CEC) systems. By reducing the cross-sectional area of a packed capillary column by means of a second open capillary contiguous with the outlet end of a packed capillary column, where the packed capillary column has a cross sectional area of between about 2 and 5 times that of the open capillary column, the phenomenon of band broadening in the transition region between the open capillary and the packed capillary column, where the individual components of the mixture are analyzed, can be eliminated, thereby providing for a significant improvement in resolution and more accurate detection and analysis.

Device to improve detection in electro-chromatography

DOEpatents

Garguilo, Michael G.; Paul, Phillip H.; Rakestraw, David J.

2002-01-01

Apparatus and method for improving the resolution of non-pressure driven capillary chromatographic systems, and particularly for capillary electrochromatography (CEC) systems. By reducing the cross-sectional area of a packed capillary column by means of a second open capillary contiguous with the outlet end of a packed capillary column, where the packed capillary column has a cross sectional area of between about 2 and 5 times that of the open capillary column, the phenomenon of band broadening in the transition region between the open capillary and the packed capillary column, where the individual components of the mixture are analyzed, can be eliminated, thereby providing for a significant improvement in resolution and more accurate detection and analysis.

Labyrinths, columns and cavities: new internal features of pollen grain walls in the Acanthaceae detected by FIB-SEM.

PubMed

House, Alisoun; Balkwill, Kevin

2016-03-01

External pollen grain morphology has been widely used in the taxonomy and systematics of flowering plants, especially the Acanthaceae which are noted for pollen diversity. However internal pollen wall features have received far less attention due to the difficulty of examining the wall structure. Advancing technology in the field of microscopy has made it possible, with the use of a focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM), to view the structure of pollen grain walls in far greater detail and in three dimensions. In this study the wall structures of 13 species from the Acanthaceae were investigated for features of potential systematic relevance. FIB-SEM was applied to obtain precise cross sections of pollen grains at selected positions for examining the wall ultrastructure. Exploratory studies of the exine have thus far identified five basic structural types. The investigations also show that similar external pollen wall features may have a distinctly different internal structure. FIB-SEM studies have revealed diverse internal pollen wall features which may now be investigated for their systematic and functional significance.

Laboratory measurements and modeling of molecular photoabsorption in the ultraviolet for planetary atmospheres applications: diatomic sulfur and sulfur monoxide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stark, Glenn

2016-07-01

Our research program comprises the measurement and modeling of ultraviolet molecular photoabsorption cross sections with the highest practical resolution. It supports efforts to interpret and model observations of planetary atmospheres. Measurement and modeling efforts on diatomic sulfur (S _{2}) and sulfur monoxide (SO) are in progress. S _{2}: Interpretations of atmospheric (Io, Jupiter, cometary comae) S _{2} absorption features are hindered by a complete lack of laboratory cross section data in the ultraviolet. We are working to quantify the photoabsorption spectrum of S _{2} from 240 to 300 nm based on laboratory measurements and theoretical calculations. We have constructed an experimental apparatus to produce a stable column of S _{2} vapor at a temperature of 800 K. High-resolution measurements of the absorption spectrum of the strong B - X system of S _{2} were completed using the NIST VUV-FTS at Gaithersburg, Maryland. These measurements are currently being incorporated into a coupled-channel model of the absorption spectrum of S _{2} to quantify the contributions from individual band features and to establish the mechanisms responsible for the strong predissociation signature of the B - X system. A successful coupled channels model can then be used to calculate the B - X absorption spectrum at any temperature. SO: There has been a long-standing need for high-resolution cross sections of sulfur monoxide radicals in the ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet regions, where the molecule strongly predissociates, for modeling the atmospheres of Io and Venus, and most recently for understanding sulfur isotope effects in the ancient (pre-O _{2}) atmosphere of Earth. We have produced a measurable column of SO in a continuous-flow DC discharge cell, using SO _{2} as a parent molecule. Photoabsorption measurements were recently recorded on the DESIRS beamline of the SOLEIL synchrotron, taking advantage of the high-resolution VUV-FTS on that beamline. A number of strong, predissociated SO bands were measured in the 140 to 200 nm region. Weaker features associated with the SO B - X system were simultaneously recorded, allowing for an approximate determination of the VUV SO band f-values.

East side, showing ruin of brownstone column capital that originally ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

East side, showing ruin of brownstone column capital that originally supported the east side portico, a feature that was destroyed in the 1886 earthquake - William Ravenel House, 13 East Battery Street, Charleston, Charleston County, SC

Familiarizing Students with the Basics of a Smartphone's Internal Sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Countryman, Colleen Lanz

2014-12-01

The Physics Teacher's "iPhysicsLabs" column has been dedicated to the implementation of smartphones in instructional physics labs as data collection devices. In order to understand any data set, however, one should first understand how it is obtained. This concern regarding the inclusion of smartphones in lab activities has arisen in response to the creation of this column1 as well as to a paper in a recent issue of Physics Today.2 The majority of the labs featured in the "iPhysicsLabs" column to date make use of the internal accelerometer, common to nearly all smartphones on the market today. In order to glean meaningful conclusions from their data, students should first understand how the sensor works, as was pointed out in the first article to be featured in that column.3 We attempt to elucidate this "iBlackBox" using a simple ball-and-spring model.

RQ: 1960 to 1985.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krieger, Tillie

1985-01-01

Growth and changes in "RQ" (1960-1985) are examined and detailed in both text and tables (cover/size, pagination, editor, articles, advertisements, physical features, association interests, reviews, columns, government publications). Development of columns, government publication news, thematic articles, authors of "RQ"…

Investigation into Generation of Micro Features by Localised Electrochemical Deposition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Debnath, Subhrajit; Laskar, Hanimur Rahaman; Bhattacharyya, B.

2017-11-01

With the fast advancement of technology, localised electrochemical deposition (LECD) is becoming very advantageous in generating high aspect ratio micro features to meet the steep demand in modern precision industries of the present world. Except many other advantages, this technology is highly uncomplicated and economical for fabricating metal micro-parts with in micron ranges. In the present study, copper micro-columns have been fabricated utilizing LECD process. Different process parameters such as voltage, frequency, duty ratio and electrolyte concentration, which affect the deposition performance have been identified and their effects on deposition performances such as deposition rate, height and diameter of the micro-columns have been experimentally investigated. Taguchi's methodology has been used to study the effects as well as to obtain the optimum values of process parameters so that localised deposition with best performance can be achieved. Moreover, the generated micro-columns were carefully observed under optical and scanning electron microscope from where the surface quality of the deposited micro-columns has been studied qualitatively. Also, an array of copper micro-columns has been fabricated on stainless steel (SS-304) substrate for further exploration of LECD process capability.

Distributed cable sensors with memory feature for post-disaster damage assessment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Genda; McDaniel, Ryan D.; Pommerenke, David J.; Sun, Shishuang

2005-05-01

A new design of distributed crack sensors is presented for the condition assessment of reinforced concrete (RC) structures during and immediately after an earthquake event. This study is mainly focused on the performance of cable sensors under dynamic loading, particularly their ability to memorize the crack history of an RC member. This unique memory feature enables the post-earthquake condition assessment of structural members such as RC columns, in which the earthquake-induced cracks are closed immediately after an earthquake event due to gravity loads and they are visually undetectable. Factors affecting the onset of the memory feature were investigated experimentally with small-scale RC beams under cyclic loading. Test results indicated that both crack width and the number of loading cycles were instrumental in the onset of the memory feature of cable sensors. Practical issues related to dynamic acquisition with the sensors were discussed. The sensors were proven to be fatigue resistant from the shake table tests of RC columns. They continued to show useful signal after the columns can no longer support additional loads.

High-field fMRI unveils orientation columns in humans.

PubMed

Yacoub, Essa; Harel, Noam; Ugurbil, Kâmil

2008-07-29

Functional (f)MRI has revolutionized the field of human brain research. fMRI can noninvasively map the spatial architecture of brain function via localized increases in blood flow after sensory or cognitive stimulation. Recent advances in fMRI have led to enhanced sensitivity and spatial accuracy of the measured signals, indicating the possibility of detecting small neuronal ensembles that constitute fundamental computational units in the brain, such as cortical columns. Orientation columns in visual cortex are perhaps the best known example of such a functional organization in the brain. They cannot be discerned via anatomical characteristics, as with ocular dominance columns. Instead, the elucidation of their organization requires functional imaging methods. However, because of insufficient sensitivity, spatial accuracy, and image resolution of the available mapping techniques, thus far, they have not been detected in humans. Here, we demonstrate, by using high-field (7-T) fMRI, the existence and spatial features of orientation- selective columns in humans. Striking similarities were found with the known spatial features of these columns in monkeys. In addition, we found that a larger number of orientation columns are devoted to processing orientations around 90 degrees (vertical stimuli with horizontal motion), whereas relatively similar fMRI signal changes were observed across any given active column. With the current proliferation of high-field MRI systems and constant evolution of fMRI techniques, this study heralds the exciting prospect of exploring unmapped and/or unknown columnar level functional organizations in the human brain.

47 CFR 90.621 - Selection and assignment of frequencies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... in the vertical column may not be re-assigned to a station on a site listed in the horizontal column... Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www.fdsys.gov. 2...

Active buckling control of a beam-column with circular cross-section using piezo-elastic supports and integral LQR control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schaeffner, Maximilian; Götz, Benedict; Platz, Roland

2016-06-01

Buckling of slender beam-columns subject to axial compressive loads represents a critical design constraint for light-weight structures. Active buckling control provides a possibility to stabilize slender beam-columns by active lateral forces or bending moments. In this paper, the potential of active buckling control of an axially loaded beam-column with circular solid cross-section by piezo-elastic supports is investigated experimentally. In the piezo-elastic supports, lateral forces of piezoelectric stack actuators are transformed into bending moments acting in arbitrary directions at the beam-column ends. A mathematical model of the axially loaded beam-column is derived to design an integral linear quadratic regulator (LQR) that stabilizes the system. The effectiveness of the stabilization concept is investigated in an experimental test setup and compared with the uncontrolled system. With the proposed active buckling control it is possible to stabilize the beam-column in arbitrary lateral direction for axial loads up to the theoretical critical buckling load of the system.

46 CFR 174.085 - Flooding on column stabilized units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Flooding on column stabilized units. 174.085 Section 174... Units § 174.085 Flooding on column stabilized units. (a) Watertight compartments that are outboard of... of the unit, must be assumed to be subject to flooding as follows: (1) When a column is subdivided...

46 CFR 174.085 - Flooding on column stabilized units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Flooding on column stabilized units. 174.085 Section 174... Units § 174.085 Flooding on column stabilized units. (a) Watertight compartments that are outboard of... of the unit, must be assumed to be subject to flooding as follows: (1) When a column is subdivided...

Stability of leaning column at Devils Tower National Monument, Wyoming

USGS Publications Warehouse

Harp, Edwin L.; Lindsay, Charles R.

2006-01-01

In response to reports from climbers that an 8-meter section (referred to as the leaning column) of the most popular climbing route on Devils Tower in northeastern Wyoming is now moving when being climbed, scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey inspected the site to determine the stability of the column and the underlying column that serves as a support pedestal. Evidence of a recent tensile spalling failure was observed on the pedestal surface immediately beneath the contact with the overlying leaning column. The spalling of a flake-shaped piece of the pedestal, probably due to the high stress concentration exerted by the weight of the leaning column along a linear contact with the pedestal, is likely causing the present movement of the leaning column. Although it is unlikely that climbers will dislodge the leaning column by their weight alone, the possibility exists that additional spalling failures may occur from the pedestal surface and further reduce the stability of the leaning column and result in its toppling. To facilitate detection of further spalling failures from the pedestal, its surface has been coated with a layer of paint. Any new failures from the pedestal could result in the leaning column toppling onto the climbing route or onto the section of the Tower trail below.

Active buckling control of an imperfect beam-column with circular cross-section using piezo-elastic supports and integral LQR control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schaeffner, Maximilian; Platz, Roland

2016-09-01

For slender beam-columns loaded by axial compressive forces, active buckling control provides a possibility to increase the maximum bearable axial load above that of a purely passive structure. In this paper, the potential of active buckling control of an imperfect beam-column with circular cross-section using piezo-elastic supports is investigated numerically. Imperfections are given by an initial deformation of the beam-column caused by a constant imperfection force. With the piezo-elastic supports, active bending moments in arbitrary directions orthogonal to the beam-column's longitudinal axis can be applied at both beam- column's ends. The imperfect beam-column is loaded by a gradually increasing axial compressive force resulting in a lateral deformation of the beam-column. First, a finite element model of the imperfect structure for numerical simulation of the active buckling control is presented. Second, an integral linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) that compensates the deformation via the piezo-elastic supports is derived for a reduced modal model of the ideal beam-column. With the proposed active buckling control it is possible to stabilize the imperfect beam-column in arbitrary lateral direction for axial loads above the theoretical critical buckling load and the maximum bearable load of the passive structure.

Axial Crushing of Thin-Walled Columns with Octagonal Section: Modeling and Design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yucheng; Day, Michael L.

This chapter focus on numerical crashworthiness analysis of straight thinwalled columns with octagonal cross sections. Two important issues in this analysis are demonstrated here: computer modeling and crashworthiness design. In the first part, this chapter introduces a method of developing simplified finite element (FE) models for the straight thin-walled octagonal columns, which can be used for the numerical crashworthiness analysis. Next, this chapter performs a crashworthiness design for such thin-walled columns in order to maximize their energy absorption capability. Specific energy absorption (SEA) is set as the design objective, side length of the octagonal cross section and wall thickness are selected as design variables, and maximum crushing force (Pm) occurs during crashes is set as design constraint. Response surface method (RSM) is employed to formulate functions for both SEA and Pm.

Modeling Stone Columns.

PubMed

Castro, Jorge

2017-07-11

This paper reviews the main modeling techniques for stone columns, both ordinary stone columns and geosynthetic-encased stone columns. The paper tries to encompass the more recent advances and recommendations in the topic. Regarding the geometrical model, the main options are the "unit cell", longitudinal gravel trenches in plane strain conditions, cylindrical rings of gravel in axial symmetry conditions, equivalent homogeneous soil with improved properties and three-dimensional models, either a full three-dimensional model or just a three-dimensional row or slice of columns. Some guidelines for obtaining these simplified geometrical models are provided and the particular case of groups of columns under footings is also analyzed. For the latter case, there is a column critical length that is around twice the footing width for non-encased columns in a homogeneous soft soil. In the literature, the column critical length is sometimes given as a function of the column length, which leads to some disparities in its value. Here it is shown that the column critical length mainly depends on the footing dimensions. Some other features related with column modeling are also briefly presented, such as the influence of column installation. Finally, some guidance and recommendations are provided on parameter selection for the study of stone columns.

Modeling Stone Columns

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

This paper reviews the main modeling techniques for stone columns, both ordinary stone columns and geosynthetic-encased stone columns. The paper tries to encompass the more recent advances and recommendations in the topic. Regarding the geometrical model, the main options are the “unit cell”, longitudinal gravel trenches in plane strain conditions, cylindrical rings of gravel in axial symmetry conditions, equivalent homogeneous soil with improved properties and three-dimensional models, either a full three-dimensional model or just a three-dimensional row or slice of columns. Some guidelines for obtaining these simplified geometrical models are provided and the particular case of groups of columns under footings is also analyzed. For the latter case, there is a column critical length that is around twice the footing width for non-encased columns in a homogeneous soft soil. In the literature, the column critical length is sometimes given as a function of the column length, which leads to some disparities in its value. Here it is shown that the column critical length mainly depends on the footing dimensions. Some other features related with column modeling are also briefly presented, such as the influence of column installation. Finally, some guidance and recommendations are provided on parameter selection for the study of stone columns. PMID:28773146

14. Detail view of columns, capitals and beams at south ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. Detail view of columns, capitals and beams at south end of north section of mill. Note the transition from deep pocket to shallow pocket column capitals. - Lowe Mill, Eighth Avenue, Southwest, Huntsville, Madison County, AL

Pesticide dissipation and microbial community changes in a biopurification system: influence of the rhizosphere.

PubMed

Diez, M C; Elgueta, S; Rubilar, O; Tortella, G R; Schalchli, H; Bornhardt, C; Gallardo, F

2017-12-01

The dissipation of atrazine, chlorpyrifos and iprodione in a biopurification system and changes in the microbial and some biological parameters influenced by the rhizosphere of Lolium perenne were studied in a column system packed with an organic biomixture. Three column depths were analyzed for residual pesticides, peroxidase, fluorescein diacetate activity and microbial communities. Fungal colonization was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy to assess the extent of its proliferation in wheat straw. The L. perenne rhizosphere enhanced pesticide dissipation and negligible pesticide residues were detected at 20-30 cm column depth. Atrazine, chlorpyrifos and iprodione removal was 82, 89 and 74% respectively in the first 10 cm depth for columns with vegetal cover. The presence of L. perenne in contaminated columns stimulated peroxidase activity in all three column depth sections. Fluorescein diacetate activity decreased over time in all column sections with the highest values in biomixtures with vegetal cover. Microbial communities, analyzed by PCR-DGGE, were not affected by the pesticide mixture application, presenting high values of similarity (>65%) with and without vegetal cover. Microbial abundance of Actinobacteria varied according to treatment and no clear link was observed. However, bacterial abundance increased over time and was similar with and without vegetal cover. On the other hand, fungal abundance decreased in all sections of columns after 40 days, but an increase was observed in response to pesticide application. Fungal colonization and straw degradation during pesticide dissipation were verified by monitoring the lignin autofluorescence loss.

PULSE COLUMN

DOEpatents

Grimmett, E.S.

1964-01-01

This patent covers a continuous countercurrent liquidsolids contactor column having a number of contactor states each comprising a perforated plate, a layer of balls, and a downcomer tube; a liquid-pulsing piston; and a solids discharger formed of a conical section at the bottom of the column, and a tubular extension on the lowest downcomer terminating in the conical section. Between the conical section and the downcomer extension is formed a small annular opening, through which solids fall coming through the perforated plate of the lowest contactor stage. This annular opening is small enough that the pressure drop thereacross is greater than the pressure drop upward through the lowest contactor stage. (AEC)

One-dimensional analysis of filamentary composite beam columns with thin-walled open sections

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lo, Patrick K.-L.; Johnson, Eric R.

1986-01-01

Vlasov's one-dimensional structural theory for thin-walled open section bars was originally developed and used for metallic elements. The theory was recently extended to laminated bars fabricated from advanced composite materials. The purpose of this research is to provide a study and assessment of the extended theory. The focus is on flexural and torsional-flexural buckling of thin-walled, open section, laminated composite columns. Buckling loads are computed from the theory using a linear bifurcation analysis and a geometrically nonlinear beam column analysis by the finite element method. Results from the analyses are compared to available test data.

Computer program simplifies selection of structural steel columns

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vissing, G. S.

1966-01-01

Computer program rapidly selects appropriate size steel columns and base plates for construction of multistory structures. The program produces a printed record containing the size of a section required at a particular elevation, the stress produced by the loads, and the allowable stresses for that section.

Spitzer Space Telescope IRS Spectral Mapping of Photoionized Columns in M16 and the Carina HII Regions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cotera, Angela; Simpson, J. P.; Sellgren, K.; Stolovy, S. R.

2013-01-01

Photoevaporated columns of dust and gas - also called elephant trunks, pillars or fingers - are found in the periphery of many H II regions. They have been observed within the Galaxy, the SMC and the LMC. These features are thought to be sites of current star formation, but the question remains whether the columns persist because stars formed in the denser regions prior to interactions with the UV radiation and stellar winds of nearby massive stars, or because of core collapse resulting from these interactions. We have obtained Spitzer IRS spectral maps of three columns within M 16 and three columns within the Carina nebula, to test our understanding of the impact on these transitory features of differing stellar populations and initial conditions. We use the wealth of molecular, atomic and PAH emission lines located within the spectral range of the high resolution IRS modes (9.9-37.2 micron) to determine the excitation state, dust and gas temperatures, and probe the shock characteristics within the columns as a function of location. Using the IRS spectral mapping mode, in conjunction with the CUBISM tool and the CLOUDY H II region model code, we have constructed detailed maps of the accessible emission lines and derived parameters for each column. Mapping the distribution of the physical states of the dust and gas in these columns is enhancing our understanding of the competing processes within these dynamic objects. The data presented here represent the only IRS spectral maps of photoionized pillars.

Family of columns isospectral to gravity-loaded columns with tip force: A discrete approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ramachandran, Nirmal; Ganguli, Ranjan

2018-06-01

A discrete model is introduced to analyze transverse vibration of straight, clamped-free (CF) columns of variable cross-sectional geometry under the influence of gravity and a constant axial force at the tip. The discrete model is used to determine critical combinations of loading parameters - a gravity parameter and a tip force parameter - that cause onset of dynamic instability in the CF column. A methodology, based on matrix-factorization, is described to transform the discrete model into a family of models corresponding to weightless and unloaded clamped-free (WUCF) columns, each with a transverse vibration spectrum isospectral to the original model. Characteristics of models in this isospectral family are dependent on three transformation parameters. A procedure is discussed to convert the isospectral discrete model description into geometric description of realistic columns i.e. from the discrete model, we construct isospectral WUCF columns with rectangular cross-sections varying in width and depth. As part of numerical studies to demonstrate efficacy of techniques presented, frequency parameters of a uniform column and three types of tapered CF columns under different combinations of loading parameters are obtained from the discrete model. Critical combinations of these parameters for a typical tapered column are derived. These results match with published results. Example CF columns, under arbitrarily-chosen combinations of loading parameters are considered and for each combination, isospectral WUCF columns are constructed. Role of transformation parameters in determining characteristics of isospectral columns is discussed and optimum values are deduced. Natural frequencies of these WUCF columns computed using Finite Element Method (FEM) match well with those of the given gravity-loaded CF column with tip force, hence confirming isospectrality.

Laboratory Measurements and Modeling of Molecular Photoabsorption Cross Sections in the Ultraviolet: Diatomic Sulfur (S2) and Sulfur Monoxide (SO)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stark, Glenn; Lyons, James; Herde, Hannah; Nave, Gillian; de Oliveira, Nelson

2015-11-01

Our research program comprises the measurement and modeling of ultraviolet molecular photoabsorption cross sections with the highest practical resolution. It supports efforts to interpret and model observations of planetary atmospheres. Measurement and modeling efforts on diatomic sulfur (S2) and sulfur monoxide (SO) are in progress.S2: Interpretations of atmospheric (Io, Jupiter, cometary comae) S2 absorption features are hindered by a complete lack of laboratory cross section data in the ultraviolet. We are working to quantify the photoabsorption spectrum of S2 from 240 to 300 nm based on laboratory measurements and theoretical calculations. We have constructed an experimental apparatus to produce a stable column of S2 vapor at a temperature of 800 K. High-resolution measurements of the absorption spectrum of the strong B - X system of S2 were completed using the NIST VUV-FTS at Gaithersburg, MD. These measurements are being incorporated into a coupled-channel model of the absorption spectrum of S2 to quantify the contributions from individual bands and to establish the mechanisms responsible for the strong predissociation signature of the B - X system. A successful coupled channels model can then be used to calculate the B - X absorption spectrum at any temperature.SO: There has been a long-standing need for high-resolution cross sections of SO radicals in the UV and VUV regions, where the molecule strongly predissociates, for modeling the atmospheres of Io and Venus, and for understanding sulfur isotope effects in the ancient (pre-O2) atmosphere of Earth. We have produced a measurable column of SO in a continuous-flow DC discharge cell, using SO2 as a parent molecule. Photoabsorption measurements were recently recorded with the high-resolution VUV-FTS on the DESIRS beamline of the SOLEIL synchrotron. A number of strong, predissociated SO bands were measured in the 140 to 200 nm region. Weaker features associated with the SO B - X system were simultaneously recorded, allowing for an approximate determination of the VUV SO band f-values.

29 CFR 1926.755 - Column anchorage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 8 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Column anchorage. 1926.755 Section 1926.755 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION Steel Erection § 1926.755 Column anchorage. (a...

29 CFR 1926.755 - Column anchorage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 8 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Column anchorage. 1926.755 Section 1926.755 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION Steel Erection § 1926.755 Column anchorage. (a...

29 CFR 1926.755 - Column anchorage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 8 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Column anchorage. 1926.755 Section 1926.755 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION Steel Erection § 1926.755 Column anchorage. (a...

29 CFR 1926.755 - Column anchorage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 8 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Column anchorage. 1926.755 Section 1926.755 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION Steel Erection § 1926.755 Column anchorage. (a...

29 CFR 1926.755 - Column anchorage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 8 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Column anchorage. 1926.755 Section 1926.755 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION Steel Erection § 1926.755 Column anchorage. (a...

Bed morphological features associated with an optimal slurry concentration for reproducible preparation of efficient capillary ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography columns.

PubMed

Reising, Arved E; Godinho, Justin M; Jorgenson, James W; Tallarek, Ulrich

2017-06-30

Column wall effects and the formation of larger voids in the bed during column packing are factors limiting the achievement of highly efficient columns. Systematic variation of packing conditions, combined with three-dimensional bed reconstruction and detailed morphological analysis of column beds, provide valuable insights into the packing process. Here, we study a set of sixteen 75μm i.d. fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.9μm, C18-modified, bridged-ethyl hybrid silica particles slurried in acetone to concentrations ranging from 5 to 200mg/mL. Bed reconstructions for three of these columns (representing low, optimal, and high slurry concentrations), based on confocal laser scanning microscopy, reveal morphological features associated with the implemented slurry concentration, that lead to differences in column efficiency. At a low slurry concentration, the bed microstructure includes systematic radial heterogeneities such as particle size-segregation and local deviations from bulk packing density near the wall. These effects are suppressed (or at least reduced) with higher slurry concentrations. Concomitantly, larger voids (relative to the mean particle diameter) begin to form in the packing and increase in size and number with the slurry concentration. The most efficient columns are packed at slurry concentrations that balance these counteracting effects. Videos are taken at low and high slurry concentration to elucidate the bed formation process. At low slurry concentrations, particles arrive and settle individually, allowing for rearrangements. At high slurry concentrations, they arrive and pack as large patches (reflecting particle aggregation in the slurry). These processes are discussed with respect to column packing, chromatographic performance, and bed microstructure to help reinforce general trends previously described. Conclusions based on this comprehensive analysis guide us towards further improvement of the packing process. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Herbicide Leaching Column for a Weed Science Teaching Laboratory.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ahrens, W. H.

1986-01-01

Presents an experiment which enables weed science students to observe first-hand the process of herbicide leaching in soils. Features of this technique which demonstrate the movement of herbicide within a column of soil are outlined. Diagrams are provided of the apparatus employed in the exercise. (ML)

Grant Writing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mallon, Melissa

2017-01-01

The Internet Resources column is designed to be a clearinghouse for free, online websites or apps; each column focuses on a theme relevant to current issues and trends in academic libraries and features resources selected to make the lives of public services librarians easier. While academic library budget woes may not be quite as drastic as they…

VizieR Online Data Catalog: R absolute magnitudes of Kuiper Belt objects (Peixinho+, 2012)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peixinho, N.; Delsanti, A.; Guilbert-Lepoutre, A.; Gafeira, R.; Lacerda, P.

2012-06-01

Compilation of absolute magnitude HRα, B-R color spectral features used in this work. For each object, we computed the average color index from the different papers presenting data obtained simultaneously in B and R bands (e.g. contiguous observations within a same night). When individual R apparent magnitude and date were available, we computed the HRα=R-5log(r Delta), where R is the R-band magnitude, r and Delta are the helio- and geocentric distances at the time of observation in AU, respectively. When V and V-R colors were available, we derived an R and then HRα value. We did not correct for the phase-angle α effect. This table includes also spectral information on the presence of water ice, methanol, methane, or confirmed featureless spectra, as available in the literature. We highlight only the cases with clear bands in the spectrum, which were reported/confirmed by some other work. The 1st column indicates the object identification number and name or provisional designation; the 2nd column indicates the dynamical class; the 3rd column indicates the average HRα value and 1-σ error bars; the 4th column indicates the average $B-R$ color and 1-σ error bars; the 5th column indicates the most important spectral features detected; and the 6th column points to the bibliographic references used for each object. (3 data files).

Quantifying the condition of eruption column collapse during explosive volcanic eruptions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koyaguchi, Takehiro; Suzuki, Yujiro

2016-04-01

During an explosive eruption, a mixture of pyroclasts and volcanic gas forms a buoyant eruption column or a pyroclastic flow. Generation of a pyroclastic flow caused by eruption column collapse is one of the most hazardous phenomena during explosive volcanic eruptions. The quantification of column collapse condition (CCC) is, therefore, highly desired for volcanic hazard assessment. Previously the CCC was roughly predicted by a simple relationship between magma discharge rate and water content (e.g., Carazzo et al., 2008). When a crater is present above the conduit, because of decompression/compression process inside/above the crater, the CCC based on this relationship can be strongly modified (Woods and Bower, 1995; Koyaguchi et al., 2010); however, the effects of the crater on CCC has not been fully understood in a quantitative fashion. Here, we have derived a semi-analytical expression of CCC, in which the effects of the crater is taken into account. The CCC depends on magma properties, crater shape (radius, depth and opening angle) as well as the flow rate at the base of crater. Our semi-analytical CCC expresses all these dependencies by a single surface in a parameter space of the dimensionless magma discharge rate, the dimensionless magma flow rate (per unit area) and the ratio of the cross-sectional areas at the top and the base of crater. We have performed a systematic parameter study of three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations of eruption column dynamics to confirm the semi-analytical CCC. The results of the 3D simulations are consistent with the semi-analytical CCC, while they show some additional fluid dynamical features in the transitional state (e.g., partial column collapse). Because the CCC depends on such many parameters, the scenario towards the generation of pyroclastic flow during explosive eruptions is considered to be diverse. Nevertheless, our semi-analytical CCC together with the existing semi-analytical solution for the 1D conduit flow model (Koyaguchi, 2005) allows us to intuitively and quantitatively understand how the eruption column dynamics approaches to the CCC as the crater radius increases during the waxing stage of an eruption, or as the magma chamber pressure decreases during the waning stage.

Laboratory-scale column study for remediation of TCE-contaminated aquifers using three-section controlled-release potassium permanganate barriers.

PubMed

Yuan, Baoling; Li, Fei; Chen, Yanmei; Fu, Ming-Lai

2013-05-01

A laboratory-scale study with a sand column was designed to simulate trichloroethylene (TCE) pollution in the aquifer environment with three-section controlled-release potassium permanganate (CRP) barriers. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of CRP barriers in remediation of TCE in aquifers in a long-term and controlled manner. CRP particles with a 1:3 molar ratio of KMnO4 to stearic acid showed the best controlled-release properties in pure water, and the theoretical release time was 138.5 days. The results of TCE removal in the test column indicated that complete removal efficiency of TCE in a sand column by three-section CRP barriers could be reached within 15 days. The molar ratio of KMnO4 to TCE in the three-section CRP barriers was 16:1, which was much lower than 82:1 as required when KMnO4 solution is used directly to achieve complete destruction of TCE. This result revealed that the efficiency of CRP for remediation of TCE was highly improved after encapsulation.

Theory for the alignment of cortical feature maps during development.

PubMed

Bressloff, Paul C; Oster, Andrew M

2010-08-01

We present a developmental model of ocular dominance column formation that takes into account the existence of an array of intrinsically specified cytochrome oxidase blobs. We assume that there is some molecular substrate for the blobs early in development, which generates a spatially periodic modulation of experience-dependent plasticity. We determine the effects of such a modulation on a competitive Hebbian mechanism for the modification of the feedforward afferents from the left and right eyes. We show how alternating left and right eye dominated columns can develop, in which the blobs are aligned with the centers of the ocular dominance columns and receive a greater density of feedforward connections, thus becoming defined extrinsically. More generally, our results suggest that the presence of periodically distributed anatomical markers early in development could provide a mechanism for the alignment of cortical feature maps.

29 CFR 1926.751 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... brakes, rolls, or other methods to shape steel into desired cross sections at room temperature. Column means a load-carrying vertical member that is part of the primary skeletal framing system. Columns do..., such as a wall or column and work with both hands free while leaning. Post means a structural member...

29 CFR 1926.751 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... brakes, rolls, or other methods to shape steel into desired cross sections at room temperature. Column means a load-carrying vertical member that is part of the primary skeletal framing system. Columns do..., such as a wall or column and work with both hands free while leaning. Post means a structural member...

29 CFR 1926.751 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... brakes, rolls, or other methods to shape steel into desired cross sections at room temperature. Column means a load-carrying vertical member that is part of the primary skeletal framing system. Columns do..., such as a wall or column and work with both hands free while leaning. Post means a structural member...

Constraining Cometary Crystal Shapes from IR Spectral Features

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wooden, Diane H.; Lindsay, Sean; Harker, David E.; Kelley, Michael S. P.; Woodward, Charles E.; Murphy, James Richard

2013-01-01

A major challenge in deriving the silicate mineralogy of comets is ascertaining how the anisotropic nature of forsterite crystals affects the spectral features' wavelength, relative intensity, and asymmetry. Forsterite features are identified in cometary comae near 10, 11.05-11.2, 16, 19, 23.5, 27.5 and 33 microns [1-10], so accurate models for forsterite's absorption efficiency (Qabs) are a primary requirement to compute IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs, lambdaF lambda vs. lambda) and constrain the silicate mineralogy of comets. Forsterite is an anisotropic crystal, with three crystallographic axes with distinct indices of refraction for the a-, b-, and c-axis. The shape of a forsterite crystal significantly affects its spectral features [13-16]. We need models that account for crystal shape. The IR absorption efficiencies of forsterite are computed using the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) code DDSCAT [11,12]. Starting from a fiducial crystal shape of a cube, we systematically elongate/reduce one of the crystallographic axes. Also, we elongate/reduce one axis while the lengths of the other two axes are slightly asymmetric (0.8:1.2). The most significant grain shape characteristic that affects the crystalline spectral features is the relative lengths of the crystallographic axes. The second significant grain shape characteristic is breaking the symmetry of all three axes [17]. Synthetic spectral energy distributions using seven crystal shape classes [17] are fit to the observed SED of comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp). The Hale-Bopp crystalline residual better matches equant, b-platelets, c-platelets, and b-columns spectral shape classes, while a-platelets, a-columns and c-columns worsen the spectral fits. Forsterite condensation and partial evaporation experiments demonstrate that environmental temperature and grain shape are connected [18-20]. Thus, grain shape is a potential probe for protoplanetary disk temperatures where the cometary crystalline forsterite formed. The forsterite crystal shapes (equant, b-platelets, c-platelets, b-columns - excluding a- and c-columns) derived from our modeling [17] of comet Hale- Bopp, compared to laboratory synthesis experiments [18], suggests that these crystals are high temperature condensates. By observing and modeling the crystalline features in comet ISON, we may constrain forsterite crystal shape(s) and link to their formation temperature(s) and environment(s).

An experiment for determining the Euler load by direct computation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thurston, Gaylen A.; Stein, Peter A.

1986-01-01

A direct algorithm is presented for computing the Euler load of a column from experimental data. The method is based on exact inextensional theory for imperfect columns, which predicts two distinct deflected shapes at loads near the Euler load. The bending stiffness of the column appears in the expression for the Euler load along with the column length, therefore the experimental data allows a direct computation of bending stiffness. Experiments on graphite-epoxy columns of rectangular cross-section are reported in the paper. The bending stiffness of each composite column computed from experiment is compared with predictions from laminated plate theory.

Observation of the development of secondary features in a Richtmyer–Meshkov instability driven flow

DOE PAGES

Bernard, Tennille; Truman, C. Randall; Vorobieff, Peter; ...

2014-09-10

Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) has long been the subject of interest for analytical, numerical, and experimental studies. In comparing results of experiment with numerics, it is important to understand the limitations of experimental techniques inherent in the chosen method(s) of data acquisition. We discuss results of an experiment where a laminar, gravity-driven column of heavy gas is injected into surrounding light gas and accelerated by a planar shock. A popular and well-studied method of flow visualization (using glycol droplet tracers) does not produce a flow pattern that matches the numerical model of the same conditions, while revealing the primary feature ofmore » the flow developing after shock acceleration: the pair of counter-rotating vortex columns. However, visualization using fluorescent gaseous tracer confirms the presence of features suggested by the numerics; in particular, a central spike formed due to shock focusing in the heavy-gas column. Furthermore, the streamwise growth rate of the spike appears to exhibit the same scaling with Mach number as that of the counter-rotating vortex pair (CRVP).« less

A narrow open tubular column for high efficiency liquid chromatographic separation

DOE PAGES

Chen, Huang; Yang, Yu; Qiao, Zhenzhen; ...

2018-01-01

We report a great feature of open tubular liquid chromatography when it is run using an extremely narrow ( e.g. , 2 μm inner diameter) open tubular column: more than 10 million plates per meter can be achieved in less than 10 min and under an elution pressure of ca. 20 bar.

A narrow open tubular column for high efficiency liquid chromatographic separation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Huang; Yang, Yu; Qiao, Zhenzhen

We report a great feature of open tubular liquid chromatography when it is run using an extremely narrow ( e.g. , 2 μm inner diameter) open tubular column: more than 10 million plates per meter can be achieved in less than 10 min and under an elution pressure of ca. 20 bar.

Rational design of the column of a heavy multipurpose machining center

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Atapin, V. V.; Kurlaev, N. V.

2016-04-01

The main purpose in the design of supporting constructions of heavy multipurpose machining center is the reduction of mass at the given precision and productivity of machining. Accomplish these ends the technology of rational design of supporting constructions is offered. This technology is based on the decomposition method and the finite elements method in the combination with optimization methods. The technology has four stages: 1) calculation of external forces and loads, 2) as a result the boundary conditions (force, kinematics) for individual supporting constructions are formed, 3) a problem about final optimal distribution of a material by the individual supporting constructions with the real cross-section is solved; 4) dynamic analysis. By the example of design of the column of a heavy multipurpose machining center the main stages of rational design of the individual supporting constructions are shown. At a design stage of the carrying system consisting of load-bearing structures with simplified geometry, optimum overall dimensions of the column are identified. For the admitted system of preferences, it is necessary to accept the fact that the carrying system with the column with the sizes of cross section of 1.8 m (along x axis) and 2.6 m (along y axis) is the best. The analysis of the work of the column under the torsion condition with the use of method of mechanics shows that the column with square cross sections = 2.46·2.46 m which rigidity on torsion is 26 % higher in comparison with a production version is the best. The results of calculation show that a production-release design of the column with longitudinal and transverse edges of rigidity is 24 % heavier than the column with the edges located on a diagonally at equal rigidity.

Modeling Cooling Rates of Martian Flood Basalt Columns

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weiss, D. K.; Jackson, B.; Milazzo, M. P.; Barnes, J. W.

2011-12-01

Columnar jointing in large basalt flows have been extensively studied and can provide important clues about the emplacement conditions and cooling history of a basalt flow. The recent discovery of basalt columns on Mars in crater walls near Marte Vallis provides an opportunity to infer conditions on early Mars when the Martian basalt flows were laid down. Comparison of the Martian columns to Earth analogs allows us to gain further insight into the early Martian climate, and among the best terrestrial analogs are the basalt columns in the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) in eastern Washington. The CRBG is one of the youngest (< 17 Myrs old) and most extensively studied basalt provinces in the world, extending over 163,700 square km with total thickness exceeding 1 km in some places. The morphologies and textures of CRBG basalt columns suggest that in many places flows ~100 m thick cooled at uniform rates, even deep in the flow interior. Such cooling seems to require the presence of water in the column joints since the flow interiors should have cooled much more slowly than the flow margins if conductive cooling dominated. Secondary features, such pillow basalts, likewise suggest the basalt flows were in direct contact with standing water in many places. At the resolution provided by the orbiting HiRISE camera (0.9 m), the Martian basalt columns resemble the CRBG columns in many respects, and so, subject to important caveats, inferences linking the morphologies of the CRBG columns to their thermal histories can be extended in some respects to the Martian columns. In this presentation, we will describe our analysis of the HiRISE images of the Martian columns and what can be reasonably inferred about their thermal histories and the conditions under which they were emplaced. We will also report on a field expedition to the CRBG in eastern Washington State. During that expedition, we surveyed basalt column outcrops on the ground and from the air using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to compare ground-truth measurements of the columns to aerial measurements and study the limitations and biases inherent in remote-sensing data of such geological features. D.K.W. acknowledges the South Carolina Space Grant Consortium for travel funding.

How to Make a Scene

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Varian, Hal R.

2004-01-01

Each Thursday, the New York Times publishes a column called "Economic Scene" on page C2 of the Business Section. The authorship of the column rotates among four individuals: Alan Krueger, Virginia Postrel, Jeff Madrick, and the author. This essay is about how he came to be a columnist and how he goes about writing the columns.

The Battle of the Printers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Muller, Douglas; Pettibone, Timothy

This paper compares the characteristics of dot-matrix and daisy wheel printers using a two-column format. In the first section, the left column is used to point out the advantages of dot-matrix printers, while the daisy wheel printer is praised in the right-hand column. Examples of various capabilities are included. Advantages of the dot-matrix…

Intrinsic-Signal Optical Imaging Reveals Cryptic Ocular Dominance Columns in Primary Visual Cortex of New World Owl Monkeys

PubMed Central

Kaskan, Peter M.; Lu, Haidong D.; Dillenburger, Barbara C.; Roe, Anna W.; Kaas, Jon H.

2007-01-01

A significant concept in neuroscience is that sensory areas of the neocortex have evolved the remarkable ability to represent a number of stimulus features within the confines of a global map of the sensory periphery. Modularity, the term often used to describe the inhomogeneous nature of the neocortex, is without a doubt an important organizational principle of early sensory areas, such as the primary visual cortex (V1). Ocular dominance columns, one type of module in V1, are found in many primate species as well as in carnivores. Yet, their variable presence in some New World monkey species and complete absence in other species has been enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that optical imaging reveals the presence of ocular dominance columns in the superficial layers of V1 of owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus), even though the geniculate inputs related to each eye are highly overlapping in layer 4. The ocular dominance columns in owl monkeys revealed by optical imaging are circular in appearance. The distance between left eye centers and right eye centers is approximately 650 μm. We find no relationship between ocular dominance centers and other modular organizational features such as orientation pinwheels or the centers of the cytochrome oxidase blobs. These results are significant because they suggest that functional columns may exist in the absence of obvious differences in the distributions of activating inputs and ocular dominance columns may be more widely distributed across mammalian taxa than commonly suggested. PMID:18974855

Gas-absorption process

DOEpatents

Stephenson, Michael J.; Eby, Robert S.

1978-01-01

This invention is an improved gas-absorption process for the recovery of a desired component from a feed-gas mixture containing the same. In the preferred form of the invention, the process operations are conducted in a closed-loop system including a gas-liquid contacting column having upper, intermediate, and lower contacting zones. A liquid absorbent for the desired component is circulated through the loop, being passed downwardly through the column, regenerated, withdrawn from a reboiler, and then recycled to the column. A novel technique is employed to concentrate the desired component in a narrow section of the intermediate zone. This technique comprises maintaining the temperature of the liquid-phase input to the intermediate zone at a sufficiently lower value than that of the gas-phase input to the zone to effect condensation of a major part of the absorbent-vapor upflow to the section. This establishes a steep temperature gradient in the section. The stripping factors below this section are selected to ensure that virtually all of the gases in the downflowing absorbent from the section are desorbed. The stripping factors above the section are selected to ensure re-dissolution of the desired component but not the less-soluble diluent gases. As a result, a peak concentration of the desired component is established in the section, and gas rich in that component can be withdrawn therefrom. The new process provides important advantages. The chief advantage is that the process operations can be conducted in a single column in which the contacting zones operate at essentially the same pressure.

Deflection of natural oil droplets through the water column in deep-water environments: The case of the Lower Congo Basin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jatiault, Romain; Dhont, Damien; Loncke, Lies; de Madron, Xavier Durrieu; Dubucq, Dominique; Channelliere, Claire; Bourrin, François

2018-06-01

Numerous recurrent seep sites were identified in the deep-water environment of the Lower Congo Basin from the analysis of an extensive dataset of satellite-based synthetic-aperture radar images. The integration of current data was used to link natural oil slicks with active seep-related seafloor features. Acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements across the water column provided an efficient means to evaluate the horizontal deflection of oil droplets rising through the water column. Eulerian propagation model based on a range of potential ascension velocities helped to approximate the path for rising oil plume through the water column using two complementary methods. The first method consisted in simulating the reversed trajectory of oil droplets between sea-surface oil slick locations observed during current measurements and seep-related seafloor features while considering a range of ascension velocities. The second method compared the spatial spreading of natural oil slicks from 21 years of satellite monitoring observations for water depths ranging from 1200 to 2700 m against the modeled deflections during the current measurement period. The mapped oil slick origins are restricted to a 2.5 km radius circle from associated seep-related seafloor features. The two methods converge towards a range of ascension velocities for oil droplets through the water column, estimated between 3 and 8 cm s-1. The low deflection values validate that the sub-vertical projection of the average surface area of oil slicks at the sea surface can be used to identify the origin of expelled hydrocarbon from the seafloor, which expresses as specific seafloor disturbances (i.e. pockmarks or mounds) known to expel fluids.

Home Economics Education. Course of Study for Occupationally Oriented Classes. Grades 8, 9, 10.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fairfax County Schools, VA.

GRADES OR AGES: Grades 8-10. SUBJECT MATTER: Vocational home economics. ORGANIZATION AND PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: The guide is divided into three sections, one for each grade. Sections are further subdivided into units, each of which is laid out in three columns. Column headings are goals and concepts, activities and resources and notes. The guide is…

49 CFR 173.12 - Exceptions for shipment of waste materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... (IBC) or a UN 11HH2 composite IBC, fitted with a polyethylene liner at least 6 mils (0.24 inches) thick... accordance paragraph (b) of this section or in single packagings authorized for the acid in Column (8B) of... this section or in single packagings authorized for the material in Column (8B) of the § 172.101...

49 CFR 173.12 - Exceptions for shipment of waste materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... (IBC) or a UN 11HH2 composite IBC, fitted with a polyethylene liner at least 6 mils (0.24 inches) thick... accordance paragraph (b) of this section or in single packagings authorized for the acid in Column (8B) of... this section or in single packagings authorized for the material in Column (8B) of the § 172.101...

Quality of soil and Transfer of pesticide under wastewater irrigation regime

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dahchour, Abdelmalek; El hajjaji, Souad; El makhoukhi, Fadoua; El m'rabet, Mohammadine; Satrallah, Ahmed

2016-04-01

Wastewater (WW) usage in irrigation is seen as good and cost effective alternative to face scarcity of water in some arid areas of the world. In Morocco the situation of water resources could be alarming by 2030. Irrigation with WW has been proven beneficial in terms of stabilizing soil structure, enrichment with mineral nutrients useful for crops and increase of production. Usage of WW may coincide with the presence of pollutants such as pesticides and heavy metals in the soil. This situation may enhance the transfer of the pollutants towards groundwater sheet. Gharb area in an important agricultural area of Morocco dominated by sandy and clayey soils, the closeness of water sheet and frequent preferential flow channels in the soil. Test of mobility was conducted in non structured soil columns (30 cm length, 7.5 cm internal diameter), composed with 6 section of 5 cm each and packed with 300g of previously air dried soil sieved at 2mm. Mass equivalent to the rate of application of fenoxyprop-ethyl, an herbicide commonly used in the area was applied 1 cm under the top layer of the soil in the columns. Three columns were used for the test; one of them was eluted with distilled water and used as control. Columns were irrigated with treated wastewater at the flow rate of 1mL/min. Percolated water was collected at 5 intervals of 1 hours. Residue was the herbicide was analyzed in percolated water and the sections of the columns. Result showed net increase in organic matter and conductivity of soil and slight decrease in pH. Analysis of residue showed that the movement of herbicide has increased in the columns percolated with wastewater compared with the control. The herbicide was found five top sections treated eluted with WW and remains in the top section in the control. No residue was detected in percolated water from all the columns treated and the control.

REDISTRIBUTOR FOR LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION COLUMNS

DOEpatents

Bradley, J.G.

1957-10-29

An improved baffle plate construction to intimately mix immiscible liquid solvents for solvent extraction processes in a liquid-liquid pulse column is described. To prevent the light and heavy liquids from forming separate continuous homogeneous vertical channels through sections of the column, a baffle having radially placed rectangular louvers with deflection plates opening upon alternate sides of the baffle is placed in the column, normal to the axis. This improvement substantially completely reduces strippiig losses due to poor mixing.

Inelastic column behavior

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Duberg, John E; Wilder, Thomas W , III

1952-01-01

The significant findings of a theoretical study of column behavior in the plastic stress range are presented. When the behavior of a straight column is regarded as the limiting behavior of an imperfect column as the initial imperfection (lack of straightness) approaches zero, the departure from the straight configuration occurs at the tangent-modulus load. Without such a concept of the behavior of a straight column, one is led to the unrealistic conclusion that lateral deflection of the column can begin at any load between the tangent-modulus value and the Euler load, based on the original elastic modulus. A family of curves showing load against lateral deflection is presented for idealized h-section columns of various lengths and of various materials that have a systematic variation of their stress-strain curves.

Laboratory study on leachability of five herbicides in South Australian soils.

PubMed

Ying, G G; Williams, B

2000-03-01

Norflurazon, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen, trifluralin and simazine are herbicides widely used in the vineyards of the Barossa Valley, South Australia. The leaching behaviour of norflurazon, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen and trifluralin was investigated on four key soils in the Barossa Valley. Leaching potential on packed soil columns and actual mobility using intact soil columns were investigated. On the packed soil columns, norflurazon was the most leachable herbicide. More of the herbicides were detected in the leachates from the sandy soils (Mountadam and Nuriootpa) than from the clayey soils (Lyndoch and Tanunda). Organic matter is generally low in soils in the Barossa region. Porosity and saturated conductivity significantly affect herbicide movement and in the sandy Mountadam and Nuriootpa soils, the water flux is greater than for the higher clay content Lyndoch and Tanunda soils. Increasing the time interval between herbicide application and the incidence of "rainfall" reduced the amounts of herbicides found in the leachates. The use of intact soil columns and including simazine for comparison showed that both norflurazon and simazine were present in the leachates. Simazine was the first herbicide to appear in leachates. Sectioning of the intact soil columns after leaching clearly demonstrated that norflurazon and simazine reached the bottom of the soil columns for all soils studied. Greater amounts of norflurazon were retained in the soil columns compared with simazine. The other herbicides were mostly retained in the initial sections of the soil columns.

Twisting of thin walled columns perfectly restrained at one end

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lazzarino, Lucio

1938-01-01

Proceeding from the basic assumptions of the Batho-Bredt theory on twisting failure of thin-walled columns, the discrepancies most frequently encountered are analyzed. A generalized approximate method is suggested for the determination of the disturbances in the stress condition of the column, induced by the constrained warping in one of the end sections.

40 CFR 141.40 - Monitoring requirements for unregulated contaminants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...-12/31/2015 Column headings are: 1—Contaminant: The name of the contaminant to be analyzed. 2—CAS..., for List 2 Screening Survey, or List 3 Pre-Screen Testing, during the time frame indicated in column 6... paragraph (a)(3) of this section. Samples must be collected at each sample point that is specified in column...

40 CFR 141.40 - Monitoring requirements for unregulated contaminants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...-12/31/2015 Column headings are: 1—Contaminant: The name of the contaminant to be analyzed. 2—CAS..., for List 2 Screening Survey, or List 3 Pre-Screen Testing, during the time frame indicated in column 6... paragraph (a)(3) of this section. Samples must be collected at each sample point that is specified in column...

40 CFR 141.40 - Monitoring requirements for unregulated contaminants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...-12/31/2015 Column headings are: 1—Contaminant: The name of the contaminant to be analyzed. 2—CAS..., for List 2 Screening Survey, or List 3 Pre-Screen Testing, during the time frame indicated in column 6... paragraph (a)(3) of this section. Samples must be collected at each sample point that is specified in column...

40 CFR 161.34 - Flagging of studies for potential adverse effects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... a type listed in paragraph (b) of this section to support an application for new or amended... types and the criteria to be applied to each. Column 1 lists the study types by name. Column 2 lists the associated Pesticide Assessment Guideline number. Column 3 lists the criteria applicable to each type of...

Wurfelspiel-based training data methods for ATR

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peterson, James K.

2004-09-01

A data object is constructed from a P by M Wurfelspiel matrix W by choosing an entry from each column to construct a sequence A0A1"AM-1. Each of the PM possibilities are designed to correspond to the same category according to some chosen measure. This matrix could encode many types of data. (1) Musical fragments, all of which evoke sadness; each column entry is a 4 beat sequence with a chosen A0A1A2 thus 16 beats long (W is P by 3). (2) Paintings, all of which evoke happiness; each column entry is a layer and a given A0A1A2 is a painting constructed using these layers (W is P by 3). (3) abstract feature vectors corresponding to action potentials evoked from a biological cell's exposure to a toxin. The action potential is divided into four relevant regions and each column entry represents the feature vector of a region. A given A0A1A2 is then an abstraction of the excitable cell's output (W is P by 4). (4) abstract feature vectors corresponding to an object such as a face or vehicle. The object is divided into four categories each assigned an abstract feature vector with the resulting concatenation an abstract representation of the object (W is P by 4). All of the examples above correspond to one particular measure (sad music, happy paintings, an introduced toxin, an object to recognize)and hence, when a Wurfelspiel matrix is constructed, relevant training information for recognition is encoded that can be used in many algorithms. The focus of this paper is on the application of these ideas to automatic target recognition (ATR). In addition, we discuss a larger biologically based model of temporal cortex polymodal sensor fusion which can use the feature vectors extracted from the ATR Wurfelspiel data.

Critical factors in displacement ductility assessment of high-strength concrete columns

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Taheri, Ali; Moghadam, Abdolreza S.; Tasnimi, Abass Ali

2017-12-01

Ductility of high-strength concrete (HSC) columns with rectangular sections was assessed in this study by reviewing experimental data from the available literature. Up to 112 normal weights concrete columns with strength in the range of 50-130 MPa were considered and presented as a database. The data included the results of column testes under axial and reversed lateral loading. Displacement ductility of HSC columns was evaluated in terms of their concrete and reinforcement strengths, bar arrangement, volumetric ratio of transverse reinforcement, and axial loading. The results indicated that the confinement requirements and displacement ductility in HSC columns are more sensitive than those in normal strength concrete columns. Moreover, ductility is descended by increasing concrete strength. However, it was possible to obtain ductile behavior in HSC columns through proper confinement. Furthermore, this study casts doubt about capability of P/ A g f c' ratio that being inversely proportional to displacement ductility of HSC columns.

Seismic performance of interior precast concrete beam-column connections with T-section steel inserts under cyclic loading

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ketiyot, Rattapon; Hansapinyo, Chayanon

2018-04-01

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the performance of precast beam-column concrete connections using T-section steel inserts into the concrete beam and joint core, under reversed cyclic loading. Six 2/3-scale interior beam-column subassemblies, one monolithic concrete specimen and five precast concrete specimens were tested. One precast specimen was a simple connection for a gravity load resistant design. Other precast specimens were developed with different attributes to improve their seismic performance. The test results showed that the performance of the monolithic specimen M1 represented ductile seismic behavior. Failure of columns and joints could be prevented, and the failure of the frame occurred at the flexural plastic hinge formation at the beam ends, close to the column faces. For the precast specimens, the splitting crack along the longitudinal lapped splice was a major failure. The precast P5 specimen with double steel T-section inserts showed better seismic performance compared to the other precast models. However, the dowel bars connected to the steel inserts were too short to develop a bond. The design of the precast concrete beams with lap splice is needed for longer lap lengths and should be done at the beam mid span or at the low flexural stress region.

The design of a new concept chromatography column.

PubMed

Camenzuli, Michelle; Ritchie, Harald J; Ladine, James R; Shalliker, R Andrew

2011-12-21

Active Flow Management is a new separation technique whereby the flow of mobile phase and the injection of sample are introduced to the column in a manner that allows migration according to the principles of the infinite diameter column. A segmented flow outlet fitting allows for the separation of solvent or solute that elutes along the central radial section of the column from that of the sample or solvent that elutes along the wall region of the column. Separation efficiency on the analytical scale is increased by 25% with an increase in sensitivity by as much as 52% compared to conventional separations.

The fine structure of spermatozoa of Hydrolagus colliei (Chondrichthyes, Holocephali).

PubMed

Stanley, H P

1983-05-01

The ultrastructure of spermatozoa in Hydrolagus colliei is described. Basic similarities of structure to the sperm of the related elasmobranch fish are noted. The most significant features of sperm structure in Hydrolagus that differ from those of elasmobranch fish occur in the tail. The axoneme is eccentrically located and forms a double helix with a single longitudinal column. A second longitudinal column is reduced to a short remnant at the base of the tail. Microtubules within the axoneme are also helically disposed, a feature that is consistent with the rotating motion of the sperm. Abundant glycogen reserves are stored along the length of the tail.

Optical observations of nearby interstellar gas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Frisch, P. C.; York, D. G.

1984-11-01

Observations indicated that a cloud with a heliocentric velocity of approximately -28 km/s and a hydrogen column density that possibly could be on the order of, or greater than, 5 x 10 to the 19 power/square cm is located within the nearest 50 to 80 parsecs in the direction of Ophiuchus. This is a surprisingly large column density of material for this distance range. The patchy nature of the absorption from the cloud indicates that it may not be a feature with uniform properties, but rather one with small scale structure which includes local enhancements in the column density. This cloud is probably associated with the interstellar cloud at about the same velocity in front of the 20 parsec distant star alpha Oph (Frisch 1981, Crutcher 1982), and the weak interstellar polarization found in stars as near as 35 parsecs in this general region (Tinbergen 1982). These data also indicate that some portion of the -14 km/s cloud also must lie within the 100 parsec region. Similar observations of both Na1 and Ca2 interstellar absorption features were performed in other lines of sight. Similar interstellar absorption features were found in a dozen stars between 20 and 100 parsecs of the Sun.

Optical Observations of Nearby Interstellar Gas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Frisch, P. C.; York, D. G.

1984-01-01

Observations indicated that a cloud with a heliocentric velocity of approximately -28 km/s and a hydrogen column density that possibly could be on the order of, or greater than, 5 x 10 to the 19 power/square cm is located within the nearest 50 to 80 parsecs in the direction of Ophiuchus. This is a surprisingly large column density of material for this distance range. The patchy nature of the absorption from the cloud indicates that it may not be a feature with uniform properties, but rather one with small scale structure which includes local enhancements in the column density. This cloud is probably associated with the interstellar cloud at about the same velocity in front of the 20 parsec distant star alpha Oph (Frisch 1981, Crutcher 1982), and the weak interstellar polarization found in stars as near as 35 parsecs in this general region (Tinbergen 1982). These data also indicate that some portion of the -14 km/s cloud also must lie within the 100 parsec region. Similar observations of both Na1 and Ca2 interstellar absorption features were performed in other lines of sight. Similar interstellar absorption features were found in a dozen stars between 20 and 100 parsecs of the Sun.

In situ quantitative characterisation of the ocean water column using acoustic multibeam backscatter data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lamarche, G.; Le Gonidec, Y.; Lucieer, V.; Lurton, X.; Greinert, J.; Dupré, S.; Nau, A.; Heffron, E.; Roche, M.; Ladroit, Y.; Urban, P.

2017-12-01

Detecting liquid, solid or gaseous features in the ocean is generating considerable interest in the geoscience community, because of their potentially high economic values (oil & gas, mining), their significance for environmental management (oil/gas leakage, biodiversity mapping, greenhouse gas monitoring) as well as their potential cultural and traditional values (food, freshwater). Enhancing people's capability to quantify and manage the natural capital present in the ocean water goes hand in hand with the development of marine acoustic technology, as marine echosounders provide the most reliable and technologically advanced means to develop quantitative studies of water column backscatter data. This is not developed to its full capability because (i) of the complexity of the physics involved in relation to the constantly changing marine environment, and (ii) the rapid technological evolution of high resolution multibeam echosounder (MBES) water-column imaging systems. The Water Column Imaging Working Group is working on a series of multibeam echosounder (MBES) water column datasets acquired in a variety of environments, using a range of frequencies, and imaging a number of water-column features such as gas seeps, oil leaks, suspended particulate matter, vegetation and freshwater springs. Access to data from different acoustic frequencies and ocean dynamics enables us to discuss and test multifrequency approaches which is the most promising means to develop a quantitative analysis of the physical properties of acoustic scatterers, providing rigorous cross calibration of the acoustic devices. In addition, high redundancy of multibeam data, such as is available for some datasets, will allow us to develop data processing techniques, leading to quantitative estimates of water column gas seeps. Each of the datasets has supporting ground-truthing data (underwater videos and photos, physical oceanography measurements) which provide information on the origin and chemistry of the seep content. This is of first importance when assessing the physical properties of water column scatterers from backscatter acoustic measurement.

78 FR 11089 - Special Conditions: Bombardier Aerospace, Model BD-500-1A10 and BD-500-1A11 Airplanes; Sidestick...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-15

... controller instead of a conventional control column and wheel. This kind of controller is designed for only... following novel or unusual design feature: A sidestick controller instead of a conventional control column... conventional wheel or control stick. This kind of controller is designed to be operated using only one hand...

StatSTEM: An efficient approach for accurate and precise model-based quantification of atomic resolution electron microscopy images.

PubMed

De Backer, A; van den Bos, K H W; Van den Broek, W; Sijbers, J; Van Aert, S

2016-12-01

An efficient model-based estimation algorithm is introduced to quantify the atomic column positions and intensities from atomic resolution (scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM) images. This algorithm uses the least squares estimator on image segments containing individual columns fully accounting for overlap between neighbouring columns, enabling the analysis of a large field of view. For this algorithm, the accuracy and precision with which measurements for the atomic column positions and scattering cross-sections from annular dark field (ADF) STEM images can be estimated, has been investigated. The highest attainable precision is reached even for low dose images. Furthermore, the advantages of the model-based approach taking into account overlap between neighbouring columns are highlighted. This is done for the estimation of the distance between two neighbouring columns as a function of their distance and for the estimation of the scattering cross-section which is compared to the integrated intensity from a Voronoi cell. To provide end-users this well-established quantification method, a user friendly program, StatSTEM, is developed which is freely available under a GNU public license. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Influence of cross-sectional ratio of down comer to riser on the efficiency of liquid circulation in loop air lift bubble column

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yamamoto, Tatsumi; Kawasaki, Hiroyuki; Mori, Hidetoshi

2017-11-01

Loop type bubble columns have good performance of liquid circulation and mass transfer by airlift effect, where the liquid circulation time is an important measurable characteristic parameter. This parameter is affected by the column construction, the aspect ratio of the column, the cross-sectional area ratio of down comer to riser (R), and the superficial gas velocity in the riser (UGR). In this work, the mean gas holdup and the liquid circulation time (TC) have been measured in four types of loop airlift type bubble column: concentric tube internal loop airlift type, rectangular internal loop airlift type, external loop airlift type, external loop airlift with separator. Air and tap water were used as gas and liquid phase, respectively. The results have demonstrated that the mean gas holdup in riser increases in proportion to UGR, and that it in downcomer changes according to the geometric parameters of each bubble column. TC has been found to conform to an empirical equation which depends on UGR and the length of draft tube or division plate in the region of 0.33 < R < 1.

Buckling analysis of non-prismatic columns based on modified vibration modes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rahai, A. R.; Kazemi, S.

2008-10-01

In this paper, a new procedure is formulated for the buckling analysis of tapered column members. The calculation of the buckling loads was carried out by using modified vibrational mode shape (MVM) and energy method. The change of stiffness within a column is characterized by introducing a tapering index. It is shown that, the changes in the vibrational mode shapes of a tapered column can be represented by considering a linear combination of various modes of uniform-section columns. As a result, by making use of these modified mode shapes (MVM) and applying the principle of stationary total potential energy, the buckling load of tapered columns can be obtained. Several numerical examples on tapered columns demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed analytical method.

9. Detail view of typical wooden column and beam connection, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. Detail view of typical wooden column and beam connection, located in second floor carding room of 1866 section of mill. - Riverdale Cotton Mill, Corner of Middle & Lower Streets, Valley, Chambers County, AL

8. Interior view at midsection shows columns and walls. Wire ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. Interior view at mid-section shows columns and walls. Wire mesh divides storage space. - Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Munitions Storage Bunker, Naval Ammunitions Depot, South of Campbell Trail, Bremerton, Kitsap County, WA

Numerical analysis on seismic behavior of reinforced concrete beam to concrete filled steel tubular column connections with ring-beam

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhao, Yi., E-mail: zhaoyi091218@163.com; Xu, Li. Hua.

This paper presents numerical study of the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete beam to concrete filled steel tube column connections with ring-beam. The material stress-strain relations, element type and boundary condition are selected, which are consistent with actual situation. Then the seismic behavior of this type of joint are researched by ABAQUS, and finite element analyses are conducted under cyclic loading. Its parameters are discussed including thickness of steel tubular column wall, sectional dimension of the ring-beam and strength of the core concrete. The results show that the ultimate capacity of the connections is improved with sectional dimension of themore » ring-beam increased. In the meanwhile, the influence on skeleton curve of the joints is slight of which included thickness of steel tubular column wall and strength of the core concrete.« less

Ultrahigh-Resolution 3-Dimensional Seismic Imaging of Seeps from the Continental Slope of the Northern Gulf of Mexico: Subsurface, Seafloor and Into the Water Column

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brookshire, B. N., Jr.; Mattox, B. A.; Parish, A. E.; Burks, A. G.

2016-02-01

Utilizing recently advanced ultrahigh-resolution 3-dimensional (UHR3D) seismic tools we have imaged the seafloor geomorphology and associated subsurface aspects of seep related expulsion features along the continental slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico with unprecedented clarity and continuity. Over an area of approximately 400 km2, over 50 discrete features were identified and three general seafloor geomorphologies indicative of seep activity including mounds, depressions and bathymetrically complex features were quantitatively characterized. Moreover, areas of high seafloor reflectivity indicative of mineralization and areas of coherent seismic amplitude anomalies in the near-seafloor water column indicative of active gas expulsion were identified. In association with these features, shallow source gas accumulations and migration pathways based on salt related stratigraphic uplift and faulting were imaged. Shallow, bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) interpreted to be free gas trapped under near seafloor gas hydrate accumulations were very clearly imaged.

Chromatographic properties PLOT multicapillary columns.

PubMed

Nikolaeva, O A; Patrushev, Y V; Sidelnikov, V N

2017-03-10

Multicapillary columns (MCCs) for gas chromatography make it possible to perform high-speed analysis of the mixtures of gaseous and volatile substances at a relatively large amount of the loaded sample. The study was performed using PLOT MCCs for gas-solid chromatography (GSC) with different stationary phases (SP) based on alumina, silica and poly-(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) (PTMSP) polymer as well as porous polymers divinylbenzene-styrene (DVB-St), divinylbenzene-vinylimidazole (DVB-VIm) and divinylbenzene-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DVB-EGD). These MCCs have the efficiency of 4000-10000 theoretical plates per meter (TP/m) and at a column length of 25-30cm can separate within 10-20s multicomponent mixtures of substances belonging to different classes of chemical compounds. The sample amount not overloading the column is 0.03-1μg and depends on the features of a porous layer. Examples of separations on some of the studied columns are considered. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Synthesis of a specific monolithic column with artificial recognition sites for L-glutamic acid via cryo-crosslinking of imprinted nanoparticles.

PubMed

Göktürk, Ilgım; Üzek, Recep; Uzun, Lokman; Denizli, Adil

2016-06-01

In this study, a new molecular imprinting (MIP)-based monolithic cryogel column was prepared using chemically crosslinked molecularly imprinted nanoparticles, to achieve a simplified chromatographic separation (SPE) for a model compound, L-glutamic acid (L-Glu). Cryogelation through crosslinking of imprinted nanoparticles forms stable monolithic cryogel columns. This technique reduces the leakage of nanoparticles and increases the surface area, while protecting the structural features of the cryogel for stable and efficient recognition of the template molecule. A non-imprinted monolithic cryogel column (NIP) was also prepared, using non-imprinted nanoparticles produced without the addition of L-Glu during polymerization. The molecularly imprinted monolithic cryogel column (MIP) indicates apparent recognition selectivity and a good adsorption capacity compared to the NIP. Also, we have achieved a significant increase in the adsorption capacity, using the advantage of high surface area of the nanoparticles.

An Inexpensive Liquid Chromatography Apparatus for Undergraduate Teaching.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCamish, Malcolm; And Others

1982-01-01

Describes an inexpensive, low-pressure liquid chromatography pump, slurry filler, stainless steel columns, and injector system suitable for the undergraduate laboratory or routine analysis. Includes sectional diagram of the pump and construction diagram of the preparative columns. (Author/SK)

30. Detail view of castiron column with acanthus leaf capital, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

30. Detail view of cast-iron column with acanthus leaf capital, rear section of basement of 217 Main Street (HABS NY, 60-OSS, 1-C-9) - Main Street Crescent, 209-217 Main Street, Ossining, Westchester County, NY

29. Detail view of castiron column with acanthus leaf capital, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

29. Detail view of cast-iron column with acanthus leaf capital, rear section of basement of 217 Main Street (HABS NY, 60-OSS, 1-C-8) - Main Street Crescent, 209-217 Main Street, Ossining, Westchester County, NY

Finite element analysis of composite beam-to-column connection with cold-formed steel section

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Firdaus, Muhammad; Saggaff, Anis; Tahir, Mahmood Md

2017-11-01

Cold-formed steel (CFS) sections are well known due to its lightweight and high structural performance which is very popular for building construction. Conventionally, they are used as purlins and side rails in the building envelopes of the industrial buildings. Recent research development on cold-formed steel has shown that the usage is expanded to the use in composite construction. This paper presents the modelling of the proposed composite connection of beam-to-column connection where cold-formed steel of lipped steel section is positioned back-to-back to perform as beam. Reinforcement bars is used to perform the composite action anchoring to the column and part of it is embedded into a slab. The results of the finite element and numerical analysis has showed good agreement. The results show that the proposed composite connection contributes to significant increase to the moment capacity.

The puzzling spectrum of HD 94509. Sounding out the extremes of Be shell star spectral morphology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cowley, C. R.; Przybilla, N.; Hubrig, S.

2015-06-01

Context. The spectral features of HD 94509 are highly unusual, adding an extreme to the zoo of Be and shell stars. The shell dominates the spectrum, showing lines typical for spectral types mid-A to early-F, while the presence of a late/mid B-type central star is indicated by photospheric hydrogen line wings and helium lines. Numerous metallic absorption lines have broad wings but taper to narrow cores. They cannot be fit by Voigt profiles. Aims: We describe and illustrate unusual spectral features of this star, and make rough calculations to estimate physical conditions and abundances in the shell. Furthermore, the central star is characterized. Methods: We assume mean conditions for the shell. An electron density estimate is made from the Inglis-Teller formula. Excitation temperatures and column densities for Fe i and Fe ii are derived from curves of growth. The neutral H column density is estimated from high Paschen members. The column densities are compared with calculations made with the photoionization code Cloudy. Atmospheric parameters of the central star are constrained employing non-LTE spectrum synthesis. Results: Overall chemical abundances are close to solar. Column densities of the dominant ions of several elements, as well as excitation temperatures and the mean electron density are well accounted for by a simple model. Several features, including the degree of ionization, are less well described. Conclusions: HD 94509 is a Be star with a stable shell, close to the terminal-age main sequence. The dynamical state of the shell and the unusually shaped, but symmetric line profiles, require a separate study.

Built for speed: strain in the cartilaginous vertebral columns of sharks.

PubMed

Porter, M E; Diaz, Candido; Sturm, Joshua J; Grotmol, Sindre; Summers, A P; Long, John H

2014-02-01

In most bony fishes vertebral column strain during locomotion is almost exclusively in the intervertebral joints, and when these joints move there is the potential to store and release strain energy. Since cartilaginous fishes have poorly mineralized vertebral centra, we tested whether the vertebral bodies undergo substantial strain and thus may be sites of energy storage during locomotion. We measured axial strains of the intervertebral joints and vertebrae in vivo and ex vivo to characterize the dynamic behavior of the vertebral column. We used sonomicrometry to directly measure in vivo and in situ strains of intervertebral joints and vertebrae of Squalus acanthias swimming in a flume. For ex vivo measurements, we used a materials testing system to dynamically bend segments of vertebral column at frequencies ranging from 0.25 to 1.00 Hz and a range of physiologically relevant curvatures, which were determined using a kinematic analysis. The vertebral centra of S. acanthias undergo strain during in vivo volitional movements as well as in situ passive movements. Moreover, when isolated segments of vertebral column were tested during mechanical bending, we measured the same magnitudes of strain. These data support our hypothesis that vertebral column strain in lateral bending is not limited to the intervertebral joints. In histological sections, we found that the vertebral column of S. acanthias has an intracentral canal that is open and covered with a velum layer. An open intracentral canal may indicate that the centra are acting as tunics around some sections of a hydrostat, effectively stiffening the vertebral column. These data suggest that the entire vertebral column of sharks, both joints and centra, is mechanically engaged as a dynamic spring during locomotion. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Chlorophyll-a thin layers in the Magellan fjord system: The role of the water column stratification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ríos, Francisco; Kilian, Rolf; Mutschke, Erika

2016-08-01

Fjord systems represent hotspots of primary productivity and organic carbon burial. However, the factors which control the primary production in mid-latitude fjords are poorly understood. In this context, results from the first fine-scale measurements of bio-oceanographic features in the water column of fjords associated with the Strait of Magellan are presented. A submersible fluorescence probe (FP) was used to measure the Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration in situ, along with conductivity, temperature, hydrostatic pressure (depth) and dissolved oxygen (CTD-O2) of the water column. The Austral spring results of 14 FP-CTD-O2 profiles were used to define the vertical and horizontal patches of the fluorescent pigment distribution and their spatial relations with respect to the observed hydrographic features. Three zones with distinct water structures were defined. In all zones, the 'brown' spectral group (diatoms and dinoflagellates) predominated accounting for >80 wt% of the phytoplankton community. Thin layers with high Chl-a concentration were detected in 50% of the profiles. These layers harbored a substantial amount (30-65 wt%) of the phytoplankton biomass. Stratification was positively correlated to the occurrence of Chl-a thin layers. In stable and highly stratified water columns the integrated Chl-a concentration was higher and frequently located within thin layers whereas well mixed water columns displayed lower values and more homogeneous vertical distribution of Chl-a. These results indicate that mixing/stability processes are important factors accounting to the vertical distribution of Chl-a in Magellan fjords.

Open tubular lab-on-column/mass spectrometry for targeted proteomics of nanogram sample amounts.

PubMed

Hustoft, Hanne Kolsrud; Vehus, Tore; Brandtzaeg, Ole Kristian; Krauss, Stefan; Greibrokk, Tyge; Wilson, Steven Ray; Lundanes, Elsa

2014-01-01

A novel open tubular nanoproteomic platform featuring accelerated on-line protein digestion and high-resolution nano liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has been developed. The platform features very narrow open tubular columns, and is hence particularly suited for limited sample amounts. For enzymatic digestion of proteins, samples are passed through a 20 µm inner diameter (ID) trypsin + endoproteinase Lys-C immobilized open tubular enzyme reactor (OTER). Resulting peptides are subsequently trapped on a monolithic pre-column and transferred on-line to a 10 µm ID porous layer open tubular (PLOT) liquid chromatography LC separation column. Wnt/ß-catenein signaling pathway (Wnt-pathway) proteins of potentially diagnostic value were digested+detected in targeted-MS/MS mode in small cell samples and tumor tissues within 120 minutes. For example, a potential biomarker Axin1 was identifiable in just 10 ng of sample (protein extract of ∼1,000 HCT15 colon cancer cells). In comprehensive mode, the current OTER-PLOT set-up could be used to identify approximately 1500 proteins in HCT15 cells using a relatively short digestion+detection cycle (240 minutes), outperforming previously reported on-line digestion/separation systems. The platform is fully automated utilizing common commercial instrumentation and parts, while the reactor and columns are simple to produce and have low carry-over. These initial results point to automated solutions for fast and very sensitive MS based proteomics, especially for samples of limited size.

26 CFR 1.167(l)-2 - Public utility property; election as to post-1969 property representing growth in capacity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Capacity as of Jan. 1, 1970, plus amounts in column 7 for years prior to the year for which determination is being made. 2 Column 6 minus column 5. (v) The qualified portion of the basis for depreciation (as defined in section 167(g)) of each asset or group of assets (if group or composite accounting is used by...

26 CFR 1.167(l)-2 - Public utility property; election as to post-1969 property representing growth in capacity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Capacity as of Jan. 1, 1970, plus amounts in column 7 for years prior to the year for which determination is being made. 2 Column 6 minus column 5. (v) The qualified portion of the basis for depreciation (as defined in section 167(g)) of each asset or group of assets (if group or composite accounting is used by...

26 CFR 1.167(l)-2 - Public utility property; election as to post-1969 property representing growth in capacity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Capacity as of Jan. 1, 1970, plus amounts in column 7 for years prior to the year for which determination is being made. 2 Column 6 minus column 5. (v) The qualified portion of the basis for depreciation (as defined in section 167(g)) of each asset or group of assets (if group or composite accounting is used by...

26 CFR 1.167(l)-2 - Public utility property; election as to post-1969 property representing growth in capacity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Capacity as of Jan. 1, 1970, plus amounts in column 7 for years prior to the year for which determination is being made. 2 Column 6 minus column 5. (v) The qualified portion of the basis for depreciation (as defined in section 167(g)) of each asset or group of assets (if group or composite accounting is used by...

26 CFR 1.167(l)-2 - Public utility property; election as to post-1969 property representing growth in capacity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Capacity as of Jan. 1, 1970, plus amounts in column 7 for years prior to the year for which determination is being made. 2 Column 6 minus column 5. (v) The qualified portion of the basis for depreciation (as defined in section 167(g)) of each asset or group of assets (if group or composite accounting is used by...

WATER CHEMISTRY ASSESSMENT METHODS

EPA Science Inventory

This section summarizes and evaluates the surfce water column chemistry assessment methods for USEPA/EMAP-SW, USGS-NAQA, USEPA-RBP, Oho EPA, and MDNR-MBSS. The basic objective of surface water column chemistry assessment is to characterize surface water quality by measuring a sui...

Abdominal girth and vertebral column length aid in predicting intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine dose for elective cesarean section

PubMed Central

Wei, Chang-Na; Zhou, Qing-He; Wang, Li-Zhong

2017-01-01

Abstract Currently, there is no consensus on how to determine the optimal dose of intrathecal bupivacaine for an individual undergoing an elective cesarean section. In this study, we developed a regression equation between intrathecal 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine volume and abdominal girth and vertebral column length, to determine a suitable block level (T5) for elective cesarean section patients. In phase I, we analyzed 374 parturients undergoing an elective cesarean section that received a suitable dose of intrathecal 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine after a combined spinal-epidural (CSE) was performed at the L3/4 interspace. Parturients with T5 blockade to pinprick were selected for establishing the regression equation between 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine volume and vertebral column length and abdominal girth. Six parturient and neonatal variables, intrathecal 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine volume, and spinal anesthesia spread were recorded. Bivariate line correlation analyses, multiple line regression analyses, and 2-tailed t tests or chi-square test were performed, as appropriate. In phase II, another 200 parturients with CSE for elective cesarean section were enrolled to verify the accuracy of the regression equation. In phase I, a total of 143 parturients were selected to establish the following regression equation: YT5 = 0.074X1 − 0.022X2 − 0.017 (YT5 = 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine volume for T5 block level; X1 = vertebral column length; and X2 = abdominal girth). In phase II, a total of 189 participants were enrolled in the study to verify the accuracy of the regression equation, and 155 parturients with T5 blockade were deemed eligible, which accounted for 82.01% of all participants. This study evaluated parturients with T5 blockade to pinprick after a CSE for elective cesarean section to establish a regression equation between parturient vertebral column length and abdominal girth and 0.5% hyperbaric intrathecal bupivacaine volume. This equation can accurately predict the suitable intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine dose for elective cesarean section. PMID:28834913

Abdominal girth and vertebral column length aid in predicting intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine dose for elective cesarean section.

PubMed

Wei, Chang-Na; Zhou, Qing-He; Wang, Li-Zhong

2017-08-01

Currently, there is no consensus on how to determine the optimal dose of intrathecal bupivacaine for an individual undergoing an elective cesarean section. In this study, we developed a regression equation between intrathecal 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine volume and abdominal girth and vertebral column length, to determine a suitable block level (T5) for elective cesarean section patients.In phase I, we analyzed 374 parturients undergoing an elective cesarean section that received a suitable dose of intrathecal 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine after a combined spinal-epidural (CSE) was performed at the L3/4 interspace. Parturients with T5 blockade to pinprick were selected for establishing the regression equation between 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine volume and vertebral column length and abdominal girth. Six parturient and neonatal variables, intrathecal 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine volume, and spinal anesthesia spread were recorded. Bivariate line correlation analyses, multiple line regression analyses, and 2-tailed t tests or chi-square test were performed, as appropriate. In phase II, another 200 parturients with CSE for elective cesarean section were enrolled to verify the accuracy of the regression equation.In phase I, a total of 143 parturients were selected to establish the following regression equation: YT5 = 0.074X1 - 0.022X2 - 0.017 (YT5 = 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine volume for T5 block level; X1 = vertebral column length; and X2 = abdominal girth). In phase II, a total of 189 participants were enrolled in the study to verify the accuracy of the regression equation, and 155 parturients with T5 blockade were deemed eligible, which accounted for 82.01% of all participants.This study evaluated parturients with T5 blockade to pinprick after a CSE for elective cesarean section to establish a regression equation between parturient vertebral column length and abdominal girth and 0.5% hyperbaric intrathecal bupivacaine volume. This equation can accurately predict the suitable intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine dose for elective cesarean section.

Observations of circumstellar carbon monoxide and evidence for multiple ejections in red giants

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bernat, A. P.

1981-01-01

Observations of the fundamental 4.6 micron band of CO in nine red giants are presented. A common feature is multiple absorption lines which are identified as products of separate components or shells. Column densities are derived; the relative values should be free of the uncertainties inherent in determining the absolute scale. These column densities are well fitted by single excitation temperatures for each absorption component; these excitation temperatures are identified with the local kinetic temperatures. There is no correlation of CO column density with either gas or dust column density nor of the expansion velocity of the component with its distance from the star. The evidence is reviewed, and it is concluded that mass loss from red giants is most likely episodic in nature.

Microengineered open tubular columns for GC analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wiranto, Goib; Haskard, Malcolm R.; Mulcahy, Dennis E.; Davey, David E.; Dawes, Ernest F.

1999-09-01

Microengineered open tubular (MOT) columns with semi rectangular cross-sections have been designed and fabricated using microengineering techniques. The creation of 100-micrometers wide, 20-micrometers deep, and 125-cm long columns employed isotropic etching on (100) silicon and anodic bonding with a Pyrex 7740 glass cover plate. Column geometry has been optimized to achieve maximum efficiency and allow extreme operating conditions. The walls of the microcolumns were coated with a non-polar liquid stationary phase. Performances of the MOT columns have been demonstrated by their ability to completely separate a series of hydrocarbon mixture in less than 1.25 min under isothermal condition of 150 degrees C. The achievable column efficiencies as measured in terms of theoretical plate height ranged from 0.57 to 1.45 mm, which agreed well with theoretical predictions.

Osteological and Soft-Tissue Evidence for Pneumatization in the Cervical Column of the Ostrich (Struthio camelus) and Observations on the Vertebral Columns of Non-Volant, Semi-Volant and Semi-Aquatic Birds

PubMed Central

Apostolaki, Naomi E.; Rayfield, Emily J.; Barrett, Paul M.

2015-01-01

Postcranial skeletal pneumaticity (PSP) is a condition most notably found in birds, but that is also present in other saurischian dinosaurs and pterosaurs. In birds, skeletal pneumatization occurs where bones are penetrated by pneumatic diverticula, membranous extensions that originate from air sacs that serve in the ventilation of the lung. Key questions that remain to be addressed include further characterizing (1) the skeletal features that can be used to infer the presence/absence and extent of PSP in birds and non-avian dinosaurs, and (2) the association between vertebral laminae and specific components of the avian respiratory system. Previous work has used vertebral features such as pneumatic foramina, fossae, and laminae to identify/infer the presence of air sacs and diverticula, and to discuss the range of possible functions of such features. Here, we tabulate pneumatic features in the vertebral column of 11 avian taxa, including the flightless ratites and selected members of semi-volant and semi-aquatic Neornithes. We investigate the associations of these osteological features with each other and, in the case of Struthio camelus, with the specific presence of pneumatic diverticula. We find that the mere presence of vertebral laminae does not indicate the presence of skeletal pneumaticity, since laminae are not always associated with pneumatic foramina or fossae. Nevertheless, laminae are more strongly developed when adjacent to foramina or fossae. In addition, membranous air sac extensions and adjacent musculature share the same attachment points on the vertebrae, rendering the use of such features for reconstructing respiratory soft tissue features ambiguous. Finally, pneumatic diverticula attach to the margins of laminae, foramina, and/or fossae prior to their intraosseous course. Similarities in PSP distribution among the examined taxa are concordant with their phylogenetic interrelationships. The possible functions of PSP are discussed in brief, based upon variation in the extent of PSP between taxa with differing ecologies. PMID:26649745

Unit operations for gas-liquid mass transfer in reduced gravity environments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pettit, Donald R.; Allen, David T.

1992-01-01

Basic scaling rules are derived for converting Earth-based designs of mass transfer equipment into designs for a reduced gravity environment. Three types of gas-liquid mass transfer operations are considered: bubble columns, spray towers, and packed columns. Application of the scaling rules reveals that the height of a bubble column in lunar- and Mars-based operations would be lower than terrestrial designs by factors of 0.64 and 0.79 respectively. The reduced gravity columns would have greater cross-sectional areas, however, by factors of 2.4 and 1.6 for lunar and Martian settings. Similar results were obtained for spray towers. In contract, packed column height was found to be nearly independent of gravity.

3. Photograph of a line drawing. SHEET 3, FLOOR PLAN, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. Photograph of a line drawing. SHEET 3, FLOOR PLAN, DETAILS OF S EAST AND S WEST CORNERS, TYPICAL DETAIL AT COLUMN U-49 and U-25, TYPICAL SECTION THRU R. R. TRACK IN S WEST CORNER, SECTION THRU PIPE PIT AT COLUMN #P-1; 9-16-1940. Assembly Building for Tank Plant for the Chrysler Corporation, Macomb County, Michigan. Delineator: H. C. B. - Detroit Arsenal, 6501 East Eleven Mile Road, Warren, Macomb County, MI

A study of extreme carbon stars. I - Silicon carbide emission features

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cohen, M.

1984-01-01

10-micron spectra of many extreme carbon stars reveal a prominent emission feature near 11 microns. This is compared with laboratory spectra of SiC grains. Two distinct types of features are found, perhaps indicative of different mechanisms of grain formation in different stars. Estimates are made of probable column densities and total masses of SiC in the circumstellar shells.

High performance liquid chromatography column efficiency enhancement by zero dead volume recycling and practical approach using park and recycle arrangement.

PubMed

Minarik, Marek; Franc, Martin; Minarik, Milan

2018-06-15

A new instrumental approach to recycling HPLC is described. The concept is based on fast reintroduction of incremental peak sections back onto the separation column. The re-circulation is performed within a closed loop containing only the column and two synchronized switching valves. By having HPLC pump out of the cycle, the method minimizes peak broadening due to dead volume. As a result the efficiency is dramatically increased allowing for the most demanding analytical applications. In addition, a parking loop is employed for temporary storage of analytes from the middle section of the separated mixture prior to their recycling. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Design concept of a cryogenic distillation column cascade for a ITER scale fusion reactor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yamanishi, Toshihiko; Enoeda, Mikio; Okuno, Kenji

1994-07-01

A column cascade has been proposed for the fuel cycle of a ITER scale fusion reactor. The proposed cascade consists of three columns and has significant features: either top or bottom product is prior to the other for each column; it is avoided to withdraw side streams as products or feeds of down stream columns; and there is no recycle steam between the columns. In addition, the product purity of the cascade can be maintained against the changes of flow rates and compositions of feed streams just by adjusting the top and bottom flow rates. The control system has been designed for each column in the cascade. A key component in the prior product stream was selected, and the analysis method of this key component was proposed. The designed control system never brings instability as long as the concentration of the key component is measured with negligible time lag. The time lag for the measurement considerably affects the stability of the control system. A significant conclusion by the simulation in this work is that permissible time for the measurement is about 0.5 hour to obtain stable control. Hence, the analysis system using the gas chromatography is valid for control of the columns.

Evaluation of punching shear strength of flat slabs supported on rectangular columns

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Filatov, Valery

2018-03-01

The article presents the methodology and results of an analytical study of structural parameters influence on the value of punching force for the joint of columns and flat reinforced concrete slab. This design solution is typical for monolithic reinforced concrete girderless frames, which have a wide application in the construction of high-rise buildings. As the results of earlier studies show the punching shear strength of slabs at rectangular columns can be lower than at square columns with a similar length of the control perimeter. The influence of two structural parameters on the punching strength of the plate is investigated - the ratio of the side of the column cross-section to the effective depth of slab C/d and the ratio of the sides of the rectangular column Cmax/Cmin. According to the results of the study, graphs of reduction the control perimeter depending on the structural parameters are presented for columns square and rectangular cross-sections. Comparison of results obtained by proposed approach and MC2010 simplified method are shown, that proposed approach gives a more conservative estimate of the influence of the structural parameters. A significant influence of the considered structural parameters on punching shear strength of reinforced concrete slabs is confirmed by the results of experimental studies. The results of the study confirm the necessity of taking into account the considered structural parameters when calculating the punching shear strength of flat reinforced concrete slabs and further development of code design methods.

RAMAN SCATTERED He II {lambda}4332 IN THE SYMBIOTIC STAR V1016 CYGNI

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lee, Hee-Won

Raman scattering of He II line photons with atomic hydrogen is important in studying the mass loss processes in many symbiotic stars and a number of young planetary nebulae. We calculate the scattering cross sections and branching ratios associated with the Raman scattered He II {lambda}4332 feature formed through inelastic scattering of He II {lambda}949 with a hydrogen atom. At the line center of He II {lambda}949, the total scattering cross section is computed to be {sigma}{sub tot} = 2.5 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -22} cm{sup 2}, and the branching ratio into the level 2s is 0.12. We also present a high-resolutionmore » spectrum of the symbiotic star V1016 Cygni obtained with the 1.8 m telescope at Mt. Bohyun to investigate the Raman scattering origin of the broad feature blueward of He II {lambda}4338. Based on the atomic calculation, we perform Monte Carlo calculations for the line formation. The scattering region is assumed to be a part of a uniform spherical shell that subtends a solid angle {Delta}{Omega} = {pi} steradian with a neutral column density N{sub HI} = 1.0 x 10{sup 21} cm{sup -2}. By adding a far-UV continuum around He II {lambda}949 normalized by the equivalent width of He II {lambda}949 to be 2.3 Angstrom-Sign , we obtain a good fit for both the Raman scattered He II {lambda}4332 and the broad wings around H{gamma}. Our analysis of the Raman feature blueward of H{gamma} in V1016 Cyg is consistent with the previous study of the Raman features blueward of H{alpha} and H{beta} by Jung and Lee.« less

Paleosol Proxies for Low Elevation Paleoclimate East of the Andes, Northwestern Argentina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rosario, J. J.; Jordan, T. E.; Garzione, C. N.; Higgins, P.; Hernandez, R.; Hernandez, J.

2009-12-01

Paleosols can be used as a proxy for paleoclimate, paleoenvironment, and geomorphological reconstructions. The weathering imprint in the minerals in paleosols can be used as a proxy for moisture conditions, while other environmental information can be obtained from stable isotopes in their minerals such as δ13C and δ18O. The goal of this study is to document changes in paleosol characteristics’ driven by climate change in NW Argentina over the time period between ~14 Ma and 5.1 Ma during a time of significant uplift and climate change in the Altiplano. During this time interval, landscape of the low elevation foreland basin changed as the consequence of the propagation of Andean thrust-fold deformation. Paleosols are interbedded in three stratigraphic sections that are described, sampled, and studied along the Iruya, Peña Colorada, and La Porcelana rivers, distributed from west to east, respectively. Field observations of the paleosols, stratigraphic column construction, thin section petrography and textures, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and stable isotopes together provide climatic proxies. These The stratigraphic columns represent a distributary depositional system, or megafan, whose syn-deformational nature is documented by Echevarría et al. (2003). Argillic-calcic paleosols developed on silty and sandy mudstones in the floodplain environment, with pedogenic calcium carbonate formed as nodules and rizoliths. The Microscopic features show that paleosols on the floodplain contain argillans. Semi-humid to semi-arid conditions are suggested by clay lessivage and calcium carbonate precipitation respectively. The mineralogy reflected by the XRD shows kaolinite, illite, and calcium carbonate in the western stratigraphic column that represents moderate climatic conditions (semi-humid to semi-arid). The coexistence of these minerals suggests seasonal variations in moisture. The eastern columns exhibit wetter soil conditions, including oxide minerals as well as hematite and goethite. Carbon isotopes show C3 vegetation with an increase in δ13C values most likely resulting from increasing seasonality in more recent times. There is little variation in δ18O values through time. In conclusion, these proxies show that soils were developed on interchannel areas, with illuviation of clays during the wet season and precipitation of calcium carbonate during the dry season. Although the megafan migrated eastward and the Altiplano rose, oxygen isotopes suggest that neither rainfall amount nor source of water vapor changed through the approximately 10 million years time interval.

Spectroscopic detection of stratospheric hydrogen cyanide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Coffey, M. T.; Mankin, W. G.; Cicerone, R. J.

1981-01-01

A number of features have been identified as absorption lines of hydrogen cyanide in infrared spectra of stratospheric absorption obtained from a high-altitude aircraft. Column amounts of stratospheric hydrogen cyanide have been derived from spectra recorded on eight flights. The average vertical column amount above 12 kilometers is 7.1 + or - 0.8 x 10 to the 14th molecules per square centimeter, corresponding to an average mixing ratio of 170 parts per trillion by volume.

Algorithm For Solution Of Subset-Regression Problems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Verhaegen, Michel

1991-01-01

Reliable and flexible algorithm for solution of subset-regression problem performs QR decomposition with new column-pivoting strategy, enables selection of subset directly from originally defined regression parameters. This feature, in combination with number of extensions, makes algorithm very flexible for use in analysis of subset-regression problems in which parameters have physical meanings. Also extended to enable joint processing of columns contaminated by noise with those free of noise, without using scaling techniques.

Section of Morgan formation, Pennsylvanian, at Split Mountain in Dinosaur National Monument, Uintah County, Utah

USGS Publications Warehouse

McCann, Franklin T.; Raman, Norman D.; Henbest, Lloyd G.

1946-01-01

Extension of the oil pool in the Weber sandstone (Pennsylvanian), in the Rangely oil field, Rio Blanco County, Colorado, subsequent to the completion of the filed work on which Preliminary Chart 16 is based, has stimulated special interest in the beds beneath that sandstone as potential oil reservoirs. In compliance with the demand for additional information concerning these beds, a detailed description of the sequence immediately underlying the Weber sandstone at Split Mountain, Utah, is here given. That part of Split Mountain where the section was measured is approximately 35 airline miles northwest of the town of Rangely. The section itself is shown graphically and somewhat generalized in column 8, sheet 2, Preliminary Chart 16. A more detailed graphic section is presented in the accompanying column section.

Expandable mixing section gravel and cobble eductor

DOEpatents

Miller, Arthur L.; Krawza, Kenneth I.

1997-01-01

In a hydraulically powered pump for excavating and transporting slurries in hich it is immersed, the improvement of a gravel and cobble eductor including an expandable mixing section, comprising: a primary flow conduit that terminates in a nozzle that creates a water jet internal to a tubular mixing section of the pump when water pressure is applied from a primary supply flow; a tubular mixing section having a center line in alignment with the nozzle that creates a water jet; a mixing section/exit diffuser column that envelopes the flexible liner; and a secondary inlet conduit that forms an opening at a bas portion of the column and adjacent to the nozzle and water jet to receive water saturated gravel as a secondary flow that mixes with the primary flow inside of the mixing section to form a combined total flow that exits the mixing section and decelerates in the exit diffuser.

Demonstration of motionless Knudsen pump based micro-gas chromatography featuring micro-fabricated columns and on-column detectors.

PubMed

Liu, Jing; Gupta, Naveen K; Wise, Kensall D; Gianchandani, Yogesh B; Fan, Xudong

2011-10-21

This paper reports the investigation of a micro-gas chromatography (μGC) system that utilizes an array of miniaturized motionless Knudsen pumps (KPs) as well as microfabricated separation columns and optical detectors. A prototype system was built to achieve a flow rate of 1 mL min(-1) and 0.26 mL min(-1) for helium and dry air, respectively, when they were used as carrier gas. This system was then employed to evaluate GC performance compromises and demonstrate the ability to separate and detect gas mixtures containing analytes of different volatilities and polarities. Furthermore, the use of pressure programming of the KP array was demonstrated to significantly shorten the analysis time while maintaining a high detection resolution. Using this method, we obtained a high resolution detection of 5 alkanes of different volatilities within 5 min. Finally, we successfully detected gas mixtures of various polarities using a tandem-column μGC configuration by installing two on-column optical detectors to obtain complementary chromatograms.

46 CFR 174.085 - Flooding on column stabilized units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Flooding on column stabilized units. 174.085 Section 174.085 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SUBDIVISION AND STABILITY SPECIAL RULES PERTAINING TO SPECIFIC VESSEL TYPES Special Rules Pertaining to Mobile Offshore Drilling...

46 CFR 174.085 - Flooding on column stabilized units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Flooding on column stabilized units. 174.085 Section 174.085 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SUBDIVISION AND STABILITY SPECIAL RULES PERTAINING TO SPECIFIC VESSEL TYPES Special Rules Pertaining to Mobile Offshore Drilling...

Skylab-2 handheld photography alphabetized geographical features list

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcniel, J. L.; Devalcourt, C. C.

1974-01-01

This publication represents a relisting of the Skylab-2, PTD Handheld Photography Catalog. The purpose of this publication is to provide imagery researchers a supplement to the PTD Catalog by alphabetically sorting together all similar major and minor features. Some cross-referencing of feature names was accomplished where the authors deemed necessary; however, no attempt was made to exhaust all possible means of cross-referencing. An example of the cross-referencing which was done: Kuril Islands may be found under the major feature column and also as a minor feature of Islands.

Numerical Study on Section Constitutive Relations of Members Reinforced by Steel-BFRP Composite Bars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiao, Tongliang; Qiu, Hongxing

2017-06-01

Steel-Basalt FRP Composite Bar (S-BFCB) is a new kind of substitute material for longitudinal reinforcement, with high elastic modulus, stable post-yield stiffness and excellent corrosive resistance. Based on mechanical properties of S-BFCB and the plane cross-section assumption, the moment-curvature curves of beam and column members are simulated. Some parameters such as equivalent rebar ratio, postyeild stiffness, concrete strength and axial compression ratio of column were discussed. Results show that the constitutive relation of the cross section is similar with RC member in elastic and cracking stages, while different in post-yield stage. With the increase of postyeild stiffness ratio of composite bar, the ultimate bearing capacity of component improved observably, member may turn out over-reinforced phenomenon, concrete crushing may appear before the fibersarefractured. The effect of concrete strength increase in lower postyeild stiffness ratio is not obvious than in higher. The increase of axial compression ratio has actively influence on bearing capacity of column, but decreases on the ductility.

Masonry Columns Confined by Steel Fiber Composite Wraps

PubMed Central

Borri, Antonio; Castori, Giulio; Corradi, Marco

2011-01-01

The application of steel fiber reinforced polymer (SRP) as a means of increasing the capacity of masonry columns is investigated in this study. The behavior of 23 solid-brick specimens that are externally wrapped by SRP sheets in low volumetric ratios is presented. The specimens are subjected to axial monotonic load until failure occurs. Two widely used types of masonry columns of differing square cross-sections were tested in compression (square and octagonal cross-sections). It is concluded that SRP-confined masonry behaves very much like fiber reinforced polymers (FRP)-confined masonry. Confinement increases both the load-carrying capacity and the deformability of masonry almost linearly with average confining stress. A comparative analysis between experimental and theoretical values computed in compliance with the Italian Council of Research (CNR) was also developed. PMID:28879991

Masonry Columns Confined by Steel Fiber Composite Wraps.

PubMed

Borri, Antonio; Castori, Giulio; Corradi, Marco

2011-01-21

The application of steel fiber reinforced polymer (SRP) as a means of increasing the capacity of masonry columns is investigated in this study. The behavior of 23 solid-brick specimens that are externally wrapped by SRP sheets in low volumetric ratios is presented. The specimens are subjected to axial monotonic load until failure occurs. Two widely used types of masonry columns of differing square cross-sections were tested in compression (square and octagonal cross-sections). It is concluded that SRP-confined masonry behaves very much like fiber reinforced polymers (FRP)-confined masonry. Confinement increases both the load-carrying capacity and the deformability of masonry almost linearly with average confining stress. A comparative analysis between experimental and theoretical values computed in compliance with the Italian Council of Research (CNR) was also developed.

Diurnal, seasonal and long-term variations of global formaldehyde columns inferred from combined OMI and GOME-2 observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

De Smedt, I.; Stavrakou, T.; Hendrick, F.; Danckaert, T.; Vlemmix, T.; Pinardi, G.; Theys, N.; Lerot, C.; Gielen, C.; Vigouroux, C.; Hermans, C.; Fayt, C.; Veefkind, P.; Müller, J.-F.; Van Roozendael, M.

2015-11-01

We present the new version (v14) of the BIRA-IASB algorithm for the retrieval of formaldehyde (H2CO) columns from spaceborne UV-visible sensors. Applied to OMI measurements from Aura and to GOME-2 measurements from MetOp-A and MetOp-B, this algorithm is used to produce global distributions of H2CO representative of mid-morning and early afternoon conditions. Its main features include (1) a new iterative DOAS scheme involving three fitting intervals to better account for the O2-O2 absorption, (2) the use of earthshine radiances averaged in the equatorial Pacific as reference spectra, and (3) a destriping correction and background normalisation resolved in the across-swath position. For the air mass factor calculation, a priori vertical profiles calculated by the IMAGES chemistry transport model at 09:30 and 13:30 LT are used. Although the resulting GOME-2 and OMI H2CO vertical columns are found to be highly correlated, some systematic differences are observed. Afternoon columns are generally larger than morning ones, especially in mid-latitude regions. In contrast, over tropical rainforests, morning H2CO columns significantly exceed those observed in the afternoon. These differences are discussed in terms of the H2CO column variation between mid-morning and early afternoon, using ground-based MAX-DOAS measurements available from seven stations in Europe, China and Africa. Validation results confirm the capacity of the combined satellite measurements to resolve diurnal variations in H2CO columns. Furthermore, vertical profiles derived from MAX-DOAS measurements in the Beijing area and in Bujumbura are used for a more detailed validation exercise. In both regions, we find an agreement better than 15 % when MAX-DOAS profiles are used as a priori for the satellite retrievals. Finally, regional trends in H2CO columns are estimated for the 2004-2014 period using SCIAMACHY and GOME-2 data for morning conditions, and OMI for early afternoon conditions. Consistent features are observed, such as an increase of the columns in India and central-eastern China, and a decrease in the eastern US and Europe. We find that the higher horizontal resolution of OMI combined with a better sampling and a more favourable illumination at midday allow for more significant trend estimates, especially over Europe and North America. Importantly, in some parts of the Amazonian forest, we observe with both time series a significant downward trend in H2CO columns, spatially correlated with areas affected by deforestation.

Diurnal, seasonal and long-term variations of global formaldehyde columns inferred from combined OMI and GOME-2 observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

De Smedt, I.; Stavrakou, T.; Hendrick, F.; Danckaert, T.; Vlemmix, T.; Pinardi, G.; Theys, N.; Lerot, C.; Gielen, C.; Vigouroux, C.; Hermans, C.; Fayt, C.; Veefkind, P.; Müller, J.-F.; Van Roozendael, M.

2015-04-01

We present the new version (v14) of the BIRA-IASB algorithm for the retrieval of formaldehyde (H2CO) columns from spaceborne UV-Visible sensors. Applied to OMI measurements from Aura and to GOME-2 measurements from MetOp-A and B, this algorithm is used to produce global distributions of H2CO representative of mid-morning and early afternoon conditions. Its main features include (1) a new iterative DOAS scheme involving three fitting intervals to better account for the O2-O2 absorption, (2) the use of earthshine radiances averaged in the equatorial Pacific as reference spectra, (3) a destriping correction and background normalisation resolved in the along-swath position. For the air mass factor calculation, a priori vertical profiles calculated by the IMAGES chemistry transport model at 9.30 a.m. and 13.30 p.m. are used. Although the resulting GOME-2 and OMI H2CO vertical columns are found to be highly correlated, some systematic differences are observed. Afternoon columns are generally larger than morning ones, especially in mid-latitude regions. In contrast, over tropical rainforests, morning H2CO columns significantly exceed those observed in the afternoon. These differences are discussed in terms of the H2CO column variation between mid-morning and early afternoon, using ground-based MAX-DOAS measurements available from seven stations in Europe, China and Africa. Validation results confirm the capacity of the combined satellite measurements to resolve diurnal variations in H2CO columns. Furthermore, vertical profiles derived from MAX-DOAS measurements in the Beijing area and in Bujumbura are used for a more detailed validation exercise. In both regions, we find an agreement better than 15% when MAX-DOAS profiles are used as a priori for the satellite retrievals. Finally regional trends in H2CO columns are estimated for the 2004-2014 period using SCIAMACHY and GOME-2 data for morning conditions, and OMI for early afternoon conditions. Consistent features are observed such as an increase of the columns in India and Central-East China, and a decrease in Eastern US and Europe. We find that the higher horizontal resolution of OMI combined to a better sampling and a more favourable illumination at mid-day allow for more significant trend estimates, especially over Europe and North America. Importantly, in some parts of the Amazonian forest, we observe with both time series a significant downward trend in H2CO columns, spatially correlated with areas affected by deforestation.

21 CFR 880.2500 - Spinal fluid manometer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Spinal fluid manometer. 880.2500 Section 880.2500 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED... column fluid space, to connect the spinal fluid to a graduated column so that the pressure can be...

17 CFR 210.12-09 - Valuation and qualifying accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... period Column C—Additions (1)—Charged to costs and expenses (2)—Charged to other accounts—describe Column... qualifying accounts and reserves by descriptive title. Group (a) those valuation and qualifying accounts... accounts. 210.12-09 Section 210.12-09 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION...

Constraints on the OH-to-H Abundance Ratio in Infrared-bright Galaxies Derived from the Strength of the OH 35 μm Absorption Feature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stone, Myra; Veilleux, Sylvain; González-Alfonso, Eduardo; Spoon, Henrik; Sturm, Eckhard

2018-02-01

We analyze Spitzer/InfraRed Spectrograph (IRS) observations of the OH 35 μm feature in 15 nearby (z ≲ 0.06) (ultra-)luminous infrared galaxies (U/LIRGs). All objects exhibit OH 35 μm purely in absorption, as expected. The small optical depth of this transition makes the strength of this feature a good indicator of the true OH column density. The measured OH 35 μm equivalent widths imply an average OH column density and a 1-σ standard deviation to the mean of {N}{OH}=1.31+/- 0.22× {10}17 cm‑2. This number is then compared with the hydrogen column density for a typical optical depth at 35 μm of ∼0.5 and gas-to-dust ratio of 125 to derive an OH-to-H abundance ratio of {X}{OH}=1.01+/- 0.15× {10}-6. This abundance ratio is formally a lower limit. It is consistent with the values generally assumed in the literature. The OH 35 μm line profiles predicted from published radiative transfer models constrained by observations of OH 65, 79, 84, and 119 μm in 5 objects (Mrk 231, Mrk 273, IRAS F05189-2524, IRAS F08572+3915, and IRAS F20551-4250) are also found to be consistent with the IRS OH 35 μm spectra.

[Case of positive identification by digital superimposed comparison between photograph of the thoracic vertebrae front and thorax roentgenograph].

PubMed

Watanabe, Satoshi; Terazawa, Koichi

2004-09-01

We reported an autopsy case in which an antemortem thorax roentgenograph and a postmortem photograph of thoracic vertebrae front were available for digital superimposed comparison of contour of the vertebral column and provided a positive identification by the characteristic osteophyte formation. In the elderly, the thorax roentgenograph is often stored in medical institution. Osteophyte formation of the vertebral column has individual features with the aging and formed characteristic profiles of the vertebral column. Photographing of a cadaver's thoracic vertebrae front after removing of the thoracic and abdominal organ should be carried out to make a material for future comparison examination in personal identification.

Rotating Apparatus for Isoelectric Focusing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bier, M.

1986-01-01

Remixing of separated fractions prevented. Improved isoelectric focusing apparatus helps to prevent electro-osmosis and convection, both of which cause remixing of separated fractions. Fractionating column segmented and rotated about horizontal axis: Only combined effects of both features fully effective in making good separations. Improved apparatus slowly rotated continuously or rocked (at rotational amplitude of at least 180 degrees) about its horizontal axis so average gravitational vector experienced by fluid is zero and convection is therefore suppressed. Electro-osmosis suppressed and convection further suppressed by separating column into disklike compartments along its length with filters. Experiments have shown dimensions of apparatus not critical. Typical compartment and column volumes are 2 and 40 ml, respectively. Rotation speeds lie between 3 and 30 rpm.

A narrow open tubular column for high efficiency liquid chromatographic separation.

PubMed

Chen, Huang; Yang, Yu; Qiao, Zhenzhen; Xiang, Piliang; Ren, Jiangtao; Meng, Yunzhu; Zhang, Kaiqi; Juan Lu, Joann; Liu, Shaorong

2018-04-30

We report a great feature of open tubular liquid chromatography when it is run using an extremely narrow (e.g., 2 μm inner diameter) open tubular column: more than 10 million plates per meter can be achieved in less than 10 min and under an elution pressure of ca. 20 bar. The column is coated with octadecylsilane and both isocratic and gradient separations are performed. We reveal a focusing effect that may be used to interpret the efficiency enhancement. We also demonstrate the feasibility of using this technique for separating complex peptide samples. This high-resolution and fast separation technique is promising and can lead to a powerful tool for trace sample analysis.

On the radiation beaming of bright X-ray pulsars and constraints on neutron star mass-radius relation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mushtukov, Alexander A.; Verhagen, Patrick A.; Tsygankov, Sergey S.; van der Klis, Michiel; Lutovinov, Alexander A.; Larchenkova, Tatiana I.

2018-03-01

The luminosity of accreting magnetized neutron stars can largely exceed the Eddington value due to appearance of accretion columns. The height of the columns can be comparable to the neutron star radius. The columns produce the X-rays detected by the observer directly and illuminate the stellar surface, which reprocesses the X-rays and causes additional component of the observed flux. The geometry of the column and the illuminated part of the surface determine the radiation beaming. Curved space-time affects the angular flux distribution. We construct a simple model of the beam patterns formed by direct and reflected flux from the column. We take into account the possibility of appearance of accretion columns, whose height is comparable to the neutron star radius. We argue that depending on the compactness of the star, the flux from the column can be either strongly amplified due to gravitational lensing, or significantly reduced due to column eclipse by the star. The eclipses of high accretion columns result in specific features in pulse profiles. Their detection can put constraints on the neutron star radius. We speculate that column eclipses are observed in X-ray pulsar V 0332+53, leading us to the conclusion of large neutron star radius in this system (˜15 km if M ˜ 1.4 M⊙). We point out that the beam pattern can be strongly affected by scattering in the accretion channel at high luminosity, which has to be taken into account in the models reproducing the pulse profiles.

Preparation of quaternary amine monolithic column for strong anion-exchange chromatography and its application to the separation of Enterovirus 71.

PubMed

Gu, Huimin; Yin, Dezhong; Ren, Jie; Zhang, Baoliang; Zhang, Qiuyu

2016-10-15

Large size virion is unable to diffuse into pores of conventional porous chromatography particles. Therefore, separation of virion by conventional column-packing materials is not quite efficient. To solve this problem, a monolithic column with large convective pores and quaternary amine groups was prepared and was applied to separate Enterovirus 71 (EV71, ≈5700-6000kDa). Cross-section, pore structure, hydrodynamic performance, adsorption property and dynamic binding capacity of prepared monolithic column were determined. Double-pore structures, macropore at 2472nm and mesopore at 5-60nm, were formed. The porosity was up to 63.3%, which enable higher permeability and lower back pressure of the monolithic column than commercial UNO™ Q1 column. Based on the breakthrough curves, the loading capacity of bovine serum albumin was calculated to be 42.0mg per column. In addition, prepared quaternary amine monolithic column was proved to be suitable for the separation of protein mixture by strong anion-exchange chromatography. As a practical application, prepared monolith column presents excellent performance to the separation of EV71 from virus-proteins mixture. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Noonan Syndrome Complicated by Primary Pulmonary Lymphangiectasia.

PubMed

Ford, Jaclyn Jo; Trotter, Carol W

2015-01-01

Noonan syndrome is a genetic disorder that has several features common to other conditions, making diagnosis a challenge. This column summarizes the case of a neonate with an atypical presentation of Noonan syndrome involving a fatal type of lymphangiectasia resulting in persistent pleural effusions. Radiographic features of this condition are presented along with the complexities of diagnosis and treatment.

Classic of the Month. [Columns Compiled from Three Issues of "Notes Plus," September 1983 to January 1984.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Notes Plus, 1984

1984-01-01

Three installments of "Classic of the Month," a regular feature of the National Council of Teachers of English publication, "Notes Plus," are presented in this compilation. Each installment of this feature is intended to provide teaching ideas related to a "classic" novel. The first article offers a variety of…

Method and Apparatus for Creating a Topography at a Surface

DOEpatents

Adams, David P.; Sinclair, Michael B.; Mayer, Thomas M.; Vasile, Michael J.; Sweatt, William C.

2008-11-11

Methods and apparatus whereby an optical interferometer is utilized to monitor and provide feedback control to an integrated energetic particle column, to create desired topographies, including the depth, shape and/or roughness of features, at a surface of a specimen. Energetic particle columns can direct energetic species including, ions, photons and/or neutral particles to a surface to create features having in-plane dimensions on the order of 1 micron, and a height or depth on the order of 1 nanometer. Energetic processes can include subtractive processes such as sputtering, ablation, focused ion beam milling and, additive processes, such as energetic beam induced chemical vapor deposition. The integration of interferometric methods with processing by energetic species offers the ability to create desired topographies at surfaces, including planar and curved shapes.

On the Origin of the High Column Density Turnover in the HI Column Density Distribution

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Erkal, Denis; Gnedin, Nickolay Y.; Kravtsov, Andrey V.

We study the high column density regime of the HI column density distribution function and argue that there are two distinct features: a turnover at NHI ~ 10^21 cm^-2 which is present at both z=0 and z ~ 3, and a lack of systems above NHI ~ 10^22 cm^-2 at z=0. Using observations of the column density distribution, we argue that the HI-H2 transition does not cause the turnover at NHI ~ 10^21 cm^-2, but can plausibly explain the turnover at NHI > 10^22 cm^-2. We compute the HI column density distribution of individual galaxies in the THINGS sample andmore » show that the turnover column density depends only weakly on metallicity. Furthermore, we show that the column density distribution of galaxies, corrected for inclination, is insensitive to the resolution of the HI map or to averaging in radial shells. Our results indicate that the similarity of HI column density distributions at z=3 and z=0 is due to the similarity of the maximum HI surface densities of high-z and low-z disks, set presumably by universal processes that shape properties of the gaseous disks of galaxies. Using fully cosmological simulations, we explore other candidate physical mechanisms that could produce a turnover in the column density distribution. We show that while turbulence within GMCs cannot affect the DLA column density distribution, stellar feedback can affect it significantly if the feedback is sufficiently effective in removing gas from the central 2-3 kpc of high-redshift galaxies. Finally, we argue that it is meaningful to compare column densities averaged over ~ kpc scales with those estimated from quasar spectra which probe sub-pc scales due to the steep power spectrum of HI column density fluctuations observed in nearby galaxies.« less

Three-dimensional visual feature representation in the primary visual cortex

PubMed Central

Tanaka, Shigeru; Moon, Chan-Hong; Fukuda, Mitsuhiro; Kim, Seong-Gi

2011-01-01

In the cat primary visual cortex, it is accepted that neurons optimally responding to similar stimulus orientations are clustered in a column extending from the superficial to deep layers. The cerebral cortex is, however, folded inside a skull, which makes gyri and fundi. The primary visual area of cats, area 17, is located on the fold of the cortex called the lateral gyrus. These facts raise the question of how to reconcile the tangential arrangement of the orientation columns with the curvature of the gyrus. In the present study, we show a possible configuration of feature representation in the visual cortex using a three-dimensional (3D) self-organization model. We took into account preferred orientation, preferred direction, ocular dominance and retinotopy, assuming isotropic interaction. We performed computer simulation only in the middle layer at the beginning and expanded the range of simulation gradually to other layers, which was found to be a unique method in the present model for obtaining orientation columns spanning all the layers in the flat cortex. Vertical columns of preferred orientations were found in the flat parts of the model cortex. On the other hand, in the curved parts, preferred orientations were represented in wedge-like columns rather than straight columns, and preferred directions were frequently reversed in the deeper layers. Singularities associated with orientation representation appeared as warped lines in the 3D model cortex. Direction reversal appeared on the sheets that were delimited by orientation-singularity lines. These structures emerged from the balance between periodic arrangements of preferred orientations and vertical alignment of same orientations. Our theoretical predictions about orientation representation were confirmed by multi-slice, high-resolution functional MRI in the cat visual cortex. We obtained a close agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental observations. The present study throws a doubt about the conventional columnar view of orientation representation, although more experimental data are needed. PMID:21724370

Three-dimensional visual feature representation in the primary visual cortex.

PubMed

Tanaka, Shigeru; Moon, Chan-Hong; Fukuda, Mitsuhiro; Kim, Seong-Gi

2011-12-01

In the cat primary visual cortex, it is accepted that neurons optimally responding to similar stimulus orientations are clustered in a column extending from the superficial to deep layers. The cerebral cortex is, however, folded inside a skull, which makes gyri and fundi. The primary visual area of cats, area 17, is located on the fold of the cortex called the lateral gyrus. These facts raise the question of how to reconcile the tangential arrangement of the orientation columns with the curvature of the gyrus. In the present study, we show a possible configuration of feature representation in the visual cortex using a three-dimensional (3D) self-organization model. We took into account preferred orientation, preferred direction, ocular dominance and retinotopy, assuming isotropic interaction. We performed computer simulation only in the middle layer at the beginning and expanded the range of simulation gradually to other layers, which was found to be a unique method in the present model for obtaining orientation columns spanning all the layers in the flat cortex. Vertical columns of preferred orientations were found in the flat parts of the model cortex. On the other hand, in the curved parts, preferred orientations were represented in wedge-like columns rather than straight columns, and preferred directions were frequently reversed in the deeper layers. Singularities associated with orientation representation appeared as warped lines in the 3D model cortex. Direction reversal appeared on the sheets that were delimited by orientation-singularity lines. These structures emerged from the balance between periodic arrangements of preferred orientations and vertical alignment of the same orientations. Our theoretical predictions about orientation representation were confirmed by multi-slice, high-resolution functional MRI in the cat visual cortex. We obtained a close agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental observations. The present study throws a doubt about the conventional columnar view of orientation representation, although more experimental data are needed. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

47 CFR 15.119 - Closed caption decoder requirements for analog television receivers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... character or space may appear. A cell is one row high and one column wide. (5) Column: One of 32 vertical... television receivers. 15.119 Section 15.119 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES Unintentional Radiators § 15.119 Closed caption decoder requirements for analog television...

47 CFR 15.119 - Closed caption decoder requirements for analog television receivers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... character or space may appear. A cell is one row high and one column wide. (5) Column: One of 32 vertical... television receivers. 15.119 Section 15.119 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES Unintentional Radiators § 15.119 Closed caption decoder requirements for analog television...

17 CFR 210.12-28 - Real estate and accumulated depreciation. 1

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... depreciation. 1 210.12-28 Section 210.12-28 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE... § 210.12-28 Real estate and accumulated depreciation. 1 [For Certain Real Estate Companies] Column A... income statements is computed 1 All money columns shall be totaled. 2 The description for each property...

17 CFR 210.12-28 - Real estate and accumulated depreciation. 1

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... depreciation. 1 210.12-28 Section 210.12-28 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE... § 210.12-28 Real estate and accumulated depreciation. 1 [For Certain Real Estate Companies] Column A... income statements is computed 1 All money columns shall be totaled. 2 The description for each property...

76 FR 61295 - Proposed Flood Elevation Determinations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-04

..., in the same column, in the ninth entry ``Tributary 11'' should read ``West Mud Creek Tributary 11... ``Tributary B'' should read ``West Mud Creek Tributary B''. 12. On the same page, in the same section, in the same table, in the same column, in the eleventh entry ``Tributary M-1'' should read ``West Mud Creek...

Partial Prestress Concrete Beams Reinforced Concrete Column Joint Earthquake Resistant On Frame Structure Building

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Astawa, M. D.; Kartini, W.; Lie, F. X. E.

2018-01-01

Floor Building that requires a large space such as for the meeting room, so it must remove the column in the middle of the room, then the span beam above the room will be long. If the beam of structural element with a span length reaches 15.00 m, then it is less effective and efficient using a regular Reinforced Concrete Beam because it requires a large section dimension, and will reduce the beauty of the view in terms of aesthetics of Architecture. In order to meet these criteria, in this design will use partial prestressing method with 400/600 mm section dimension, assuming the partial Prestressed Beam structure is still able to resist the lateral force of the earthquake. The design of the reinforcement has taken into account to resist the moment due to the gravitational load and lateral forces. The earthquake occurring on the frame structure of the building. In accordance with the provisions, the flexural moment capacity of the tendon is permitted only by 25% of the total bending moment on support of the beam, while the 75% will be charged to the reinforcing steel. Based on the analysis result, bring ini 1 (one) tendon contains 6 strand with diameter 15,2 mm. On the beam pedestal, requires 5D25 tensile reinforcement and 3D25 for the compression reinforcement, for shear reinforcement on the pedestal using Ø10-100 mm. Dimensional column section are 600/600 mm with longitudinal main reinforcement of 12D25, and transverse reinforcement Ø10-150. At the core of the beam-column joint, use the transversal reinforcement Ø10-100 mm. The moment of Column versus Beam Moment ∑Me > 1.2 Mg, with a value of 906.99 kNm > 832.25 kNm, qualify for ductility and Strong Columns-weak beam. Capacity of contribution bending moment of Strand Tendon’s is 23.95% from the total bending moment capacity of the beam, meaning in accordance with the provisions. Thus, the stability and ductility structure of Beam-Column joint is satisfy the requirements of SNI 2847: 2013 and ACI 318-11.

Solving nonlinear equilibrium equations of deformable systems by method of embedded polygons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Razdolsky, A. G.

2017-09-01

Solving of nonlinear algebraic equations is an obligatory stage of studying the equilibrium paths of nonlinear deformable systems. The iterative method for solving a system of nonlinear algebraic equations stated in an explicit or implicit form is developed in the present work. The method consists of constructing a sequence of polygons in Euclidean space that converge into a single point that displays the solution of the system. Polygon vertices are determined on the assumption that individual equations of the system are independent from each other and each of them is a function of only one variable. Initial positions of vertices for each subsequent polygon are specified at the midpoints of certain straight segments determined at the previous iteration. The present algorithm is applied for analytical investigation of the behavior of biaxially compressed nonlinear-elastic beam-column with an open thin-walled cross-section. Numerical examples are made for the I-beam-column on the assumption that its material follows a bilinear stress-strain diagram. A computer program based on the shooting method is developed for solving the problem. The method is reduced to numerical integration of a system of differential equations and to the solution of a system of nonlinear algebraic equations between the boundary values of displacements at the ends of the beam-column. A stress distribution at the beam-column cross-sections is determined by subdividing the cross-section area into many small cells. The equilibrium path for the twisting angle and the lateral displacements tend to the stationary point when the load is increased. Configuration of the path curves reveals that the ultimate load is reached shortly once the maximal normal stresses at the beam-column fall outside the limit of the elastic region. The beam-column has a unique equilibrium state for each value of the load, that is, there are no equilibrium states once the maximum load is reached.

Effective Cross Section of Cold Formed Steel Column Under Axial Compression

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manikandan, P.; Pradeep, T.

2018-06-01

The compressive resistance of cold-formed steel (CFS) section may be governed by local, distortional or overall buckling and any apparent interaction between these modes. A new inventive stiffened CFS section is elected in this study, selected cross sections geometries and lengths are chosen such that all the types of buckling modes are met with. Buckling plot is plotted using linear elastic buckling analysis software (CUFSM). Using the test results obtained in the literature, the developed finite element model is calibrated and furthers a total of 126 parametric study is conducted such as a consequence of dimensions and the length of the cross section, thickness and yield stress. The FEA included relevant material and geometric imperfections. All the columns are analyzed under pin end conditions with axial compression. The analysis results demonstrate that the DSM equations generally assess the strength of stiffened section conservatively. Modifications to the DSM equations are recommended to evaluate the strength of stiffened section more precisely.

MAVEN/IUVS Apoapse Observations of the Martian FUV Dayglow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Correira, J.; Evans, J. S.; Stevens, M. H.; Schneider, N. M.; Stewart, I. F.; Deighan, J.; Jain, S.; Chaffin, M.; Crismani, M. M. J.; McClintock, B.; Holsclaw, G.; Lefèvre, F.; Lo, D.; Stiepen, A.; Clarke, J. T.; Mahaffy, P. R.; Bougher, S. W.; Bell, J. M.; Jakosky, B. M.

2015-12-01

We present FUV data (115 - 190 nm) from MAVEN/IUVS apoapse mode observations for the Oct 2014 through Feb 2015 time period. During apoapse mode the highly elliptical orbit of MAVEN allows for up to four apoapse disk images by IUVS per day. Maps of FUV feature intensities and intensity ratios as well as derived CO/CO2 and O/CO2 column density ratios will be shown. Column density ratios are derived from lookup tables created using the Atmospheric Ultraviolet Radiance Integrated Code [Strickland et al., 1999] in conjunction with observed intensity ratios. Column density ratios provide a measure of composition changes in the Martian atmosphere. Due to MAVEN's orbital geometry the observations from this time period focus on the southern hemisphere. The broad view provided by apoapse observations allows for the investigation of spatial and temporal variations (both long term and local time) of the atmospheric composition (via the column density ratios). IUVS FUV intensities and derived column density ratios will also be compared with model results from Mars Global Ionosphere/Thermosphere Model (MGITM) and the Mars Climate Database (MCD).

Separative analyses of a chromatographic column packed with a core-shell adsorbent for lithium isotope separation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sugiyama, T.; Sugura, K.; Enokida, Y.

2015-03-15

Lithium-6 is used as a blanket material for sufficient tritium production in DT fueled fusion reactors. A core-shell type adsorbent was proposed for lithium isotope separation by chromatography. The mass transfer model in a chromatographic column consisted of 4 steps, such as convection and dispersion in the column, transfer through liquid films, intra-particle diffusion and and adsorption or desorption at the local adsorption sites. A model was developed and concentration profiles and time variation in the column were numerically simulated. It became clear that core-shell type adsorbents with thin porous shell were saturated rapidly relatively to fully porous one andmore » established a sharp edge of adsorption band. This is very important feature because lithium isotope separation requires long-distance development of adsorption band. The values of HETP (Height Equivalent of a Theoretical Plate) for core-shell adsorbent packed column were estimated by statistical moments of the step response curve. The value of HETP decreased with the thickness of the porous shell. A core-shell type adsorbent is, then, useful for lithium isotope separation. (authors)« less

The experimental verification on the shear bearing capacity of exposed steel column foot

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xijin, LIU

2017-04-01

In terms of the shear bearing capacity of the exposed steel column foot, there are many researches both home and abroad. However, the majority of the researches are limited to the theoretical analysis sector and few of them make the experimental analysis. In accordance with the prototype of an industrial plant in Beijing, this paper designs the experimental model. The experimental model is composed of six steel structural members in two groups, with three members without shear key and three members with shear key. The paper checks the shear bearing capacity of two groups respectively under different axial forces. The experiment shows: The anchor bolt of the exposed steel column foot features relatively large shear bearing capacity which could not be neglected. The results deducted through calculation methods proposed by this paper under two situations match the experimental results in terms of the shear bearing capacity of the steel column foot. Besides, it also proposed suggestions on revising the Code for Design of Steel Structure in the aspect of setting the shear key in the steel column foot.

π-Extended triptycene-based material for capillary gas chromatographic separations.

PubMed

Yang, Yinhui; Wang, Qinsi; Qi, Meiling; Huang, Xuebin

2017-10-02

Triptycene-based materials feature favorable physicochemical properties and unique molecular recognition ability that offer good potential as stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography (GC). Herein, we report the investigation of utilizing a π-extended triptycene material (denoted as TQPP) for GC separations. As a result, the TQPP capillary column exhibited high column efficiency of 4030 plates m -1 and high-resolution performance for a wide range of analytes, especially structural and positional isomers. Interestingly, the TQPP stationary phase showed unique shape selectivity for alkanes isomers and preferential retention for analytes with halogen atoms and H-bonding nature mainly through their halogen-bonding and H-bonding interactions. In addition, the TQPP column had good repeatability and reproducibility with the RSD values of 0.02-0.34% for run-to-run, 0.09-0.80% for day-to-day and 1.4-5.2% for column-to-column, respectively, and favorable thermal stability up to 280 °C. This work demonstrates the promising future of triptycene-based materials as a new class of stationary phases for GC separations. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Radial distribution of the contributions to band broadening of a silica-based semi-preparative monolithic column.

PubMed

Abia, Jude A; Mriziq, Khaled S; Guiochon, Georges A

2009-04-01

Using an on-column local electrochemical microdetector operated in the amperometric mode, band elution profiles were recorded at different radial locations at the exit of a 10 mm id, 100 mm long silica-based monolithic column. HETP plots were then acquired at each of these locations, and all these results were fitted to the Knox equation. This provided a spatial distribution of the values of the eddy diffusion (A), the molecular diffusion (B), and the resistance to the kinetics of mass transfer (C) terms. Results obtained indicate that the wall region yields higher A values and smaller C values than the central core region. Significant radial fluctuations of these contributions to band broadening occur throughout the exit column cross-section. This phenomenon is due to the structural radial heterogeneity of the column.

[Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma of the paravertebral column. Case report and literature review].

PubMed

Puerta Roldán, Patricia; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Rodrigo; Bagué Rossell, Silvia; de Juan Delago, Manel; Molet Teixidó, Joan

2013-01-01

Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) is a rare variant of low-grade fibrosarcoma, with specific histological and immunohistochemical features and a poor prognosis. We report a case of SEF of the paravertebral column in a 49-year old male who presented a paraspinal mass with extension into the L4-L5 neural foramen and invasion of the L5 nerve root. Histology of the tumourectomy specimen and its immunohistochemical study led to the diagnosis of SEF. This case was particularly unusual due to its paravertebral column location and, despite its low grade, illustrates the malignant potential of SEF. Copyright © 2012 Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía. Published by Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

Primary epidural malignant hemangiopericytoma of thoracic spinal column causing cord compression: case report.

PubMed

Mohammadianpanah, Mohammad; Torabinejad, Simin; Bagheri, Mohammad Hadi; Omidvari, Shapour; Mosalaei, Ahmad; Ahmadloo, Niloofar

2004-09-02

Hemangiopericytoma is an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm that rarely affects the spinal canal. Primary malignant hemangiopericytoma of the spinal column is extremely rare. We report on a case of primary epidural malignant hemangiopericytoma of the thoracic spinal column that invaded vertebral bone and caused spinal cord compression in a 21-year-old man. The patient presented with progressive back pain over a four-month period that progressed to paraparesis, bilateral leg paresthesia and urinary incontinence. The surgical intervention involved laminectomy and subtotal resection of the tumor, with posterior vertebral fixation. Postoperative involved-field radiotherapy was administered. A marked neurological improvement was subsequently observed. We describe the clinical, radiological, and histological features of this tumor and review the literature.

Behaviour of axially and eccentrically loaded short columns reinforced with GFRP bars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sreenath, S.; Balaji, S.; Saravana Raja Mohan, K.

2017-07-01

The corrosion of steel reinforcing bars is a predominant factor in limiting the life expectancy of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) structures. Corrosion resistant Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars can be an effective alternative to steel bars in this context. Recent investigations reported the flexural behaviour of RCC beams reinforced with Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars. This study is meant to investigate the suitability of Sand Coated GFRP reinforcement bars in short square columns which when loaded axially and loaded with a minimum eccentricity. Standard tests to assess mechanical properties of GFRP bars and pullout test to quantify the bond strength between the bars and concrete were conducted. GFRP reinforced column specimens with a cross-sectional dimension of 100mm X 100mm and of length 1000mm were cast and tested under axial and eccentric loading. The assessed load carrying capacity was compared with that of conventional steel reinforced columns of the same size. The yield load and ultimate load at failure withstood by the steel reinforced columns were considerably more than that of GFRP reinforced columns. The energy absorption capacity of GFRP reinforced columns was also poor compared to steel reinforced columns. Both the columns exhibited nearly the same ductile behaviour. Hence GFRP reinforcements are not recommendable for compression members.

Understanding star formation in molecular clouds. II. Signatures of gravitational collapse of IRDCs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schneider, N.; Csengeri, T.; Klessen, R. S.; Tremblin, P.; Ossenkopf, V.; Peretto, N.; Simon, R.; Bontemps, S.; Federrath, C.

2015-06-01

We analyse column density and temperature maps derived from Herschel dust continuum observations of a sample of prominent, massive infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) i.e. G11.11-0.12, G18.82-0.28, G28.37+0.07, and G28.53-0.25. We disentangle the velocity structure of the clouds using 13CO 1→0 and 12CO 3→2 data, showing that these IRDCs are the densest regions in massive giant molecular clouds (GMCs) and not isolated features. The probability distribution function (PDF) of column densities for all clouds have a power-law distribution over all (high) column densities, regardless of the evolutionary stage of the cloud: G11.11-0.12, G18.82-0.28, and G28.37+0.07 contain (proto)-stars, while G28.53-0.25 shows no signs of star formation. This is in contrast to the purely log-normal PDFs reported for near and/or mid-IR extinction maps. We only find a log-normal distribution for lower column densities, if we perform PDFs of the column density maps of the whole GMC in which the IRDCs are embedded. By comparing the PDF slope and the radial column density profile of three of our clouds, we attribute the power law to the effect of large-scale gravitational collapse and to local free-fall collapse of pre- and protostellar cores for the highest column densities. A significant impact on the cloud properties from radiative feedback is unlikely because the clouds are mostly devoid of star formation. Independent from the PDF analysis, we find infall signatures in the spectral profiles of 12CO for G28.37+0.07 and G11.11-0.12, supporting the scenario of gravitational collapse. Our results are in line with earlier interpretations that see massive IRDCs as the densest regions within GMCs, which may be the progenitors of massive stars or clusters. At least some of the IRDCs are probably the same features as ridges (high column density regions with N> 1023 cm-2 over small areas), which were defined for nearby IR-bright GMCs. Because IRDCs are only confined to the densest (gravity dominated) cloud regions, the PDF constructed from this kind of a clipped image does not represent the (turbulence dominated) low column density regime of the cloud. The column density maps (FITS files) are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/578/A29

46 CFR 107.265 - Special examination in lieu of drydocking for column stabilized units or surface type units when...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Special examination in lieu of drydocking for column stabilized units or surface type units when specifically approved by the Commandant. 107.265 Section 107.265 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS...

46 CFR 107.265 - Special examination in lieu of drydocking for column stabilized units or surface type units when...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Special examination in lieu of drydocking for column stabilized units or surface type units when specifically approved by the Commandant. 107.265 Section 107.265 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS...

46 CFR 107.265 - Special examination in lieu of drydocking for column stabilized units or surface type units when...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Special examination in lieu of drydocking for column stabilized units or surface type units when specifically approved by the Commandant. 107.265 Section 107.265 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS...

46 CFR 107.265 - Special examination in lieu of drydocking for column stabilized units or surface type units when...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Special examination in lieu of drydocking for column stabilized units or surface type units when specifically approved by the Commandant. 107.265 Section 107.265 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS...

46 CFR 107.265 - Special examination in lieu of drydocking for column stabilized units or surface type units when...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Special examination in lieu of drydocking for column stabilized units or surface type units when specifically approved by the Commandant. 107.265 Section 107.265 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS...

15 CFR 742.8 - Anti-terrorism: Iran.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Anti-terrorism: Iran. 742.8 Section... BASED CONTROLS § 742.8 Anti-terrorism: Iran. (a) License Requirements. (1) A license is required for anti-terrorism purposes to export or reexport to Iran any item for which AT column 1 or AT column 2 is...

15 CFR 742.8 - Anti-terrorism: Iran.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Anti-terrorism: Iran. 742.8 Section... BASED CONTROLS § 742.8 Anti-terrorism: Iran. (a) License Requirements. (1) A license is required for anti-terrorism purposes to export or reexport to Iran any item for which AT column 1 or AT column 2 is...

15 CFR 742.8 - Anti-terrorism: Iran.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Anti-terrorism: Iran. 742.8 Section... BASED CONTROLS § 742.8 Anti-terrorism: Iran. (a) License Requirements. (1) A license is required for anti-terrorism purposes to export or reexport to Iran any item for which AT column 1 or AT column 2 is...

15 CFR 742.8 - Anti-terrorism: Iran.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Anti-terrorism: Iran. 742.8 Section... BASED CONTROLS § 742.8 Anti-terrorism: Iran. (a) License Requirements. (1) A license is required for anti-terrorism purposes to export or reexport to Iran any item for which AT column 1 or AT column 2 is...

15 CFR 742.8 - Anti-terrorism: Iran.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Anti-terrorism: Iran. 742.8 Section... BASED CONTROLS § 742.8 Anti-terrorism: Iran. (a) License Requirements. (1) A license is required for anti-terrorism purposes to export or reexport to Iran any item for which AT column 1 or AT column 2 is...

60. DETAIL VIEW OF TWO STEEL STRUCTURAL COLUMNS THAT REPLACED ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

60. DETAIL VIEW OF TWO STEEL STRUCTURAL COLUMNS THAT REPLACED THE ORIGINAL BRICK SUPPORTS FOR THE SOUTHERNMOST ARCH ON THE BUILDING'S W WALL WHEN THE S SECTION OF THE BUILDING WAS 'OPENED-UP' DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR; LOOKING NW. (Ceronie) - Watervliet Arsenal, Building No. 110, Hagner Road between Schull & Whittemore Roads, Watervliet, Albany County, NY

Conversation Currents: Learning from Families and Communities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Compton-Lilly, Catherine; Gregory, Eve

2013-01-01

This column features two prominent literacy scholars, Catherine Compton-Lilly and Eve Gregory. They discuss their recent research studies in various contexts and describe the reciprocal relationships between school, home, and community literacy practices.

Ranking of predictor variables based on effect size criterion provides an accurate means of automatically classifying opinion column articles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Legara, Erika Fille; Monterola, Christopher; Abundo, Cheryl

2011-01-01

We demonstrate an accurate procedure based on linear discriminant analysis that allows automatic authorship classification of opinion column articles. First, we extract the following stylometric features of 157 column articles from four authors: statistics on high frequency words, number of words per sentence, and number of sentences per paragraph. Then, by systematically ranking these features based on an effect size criterion, we show that we can achieve an average classification accuracy of 93% for the test set. In comparison, frequency size based ranking has an average accuracy of 80%. The highest possible average classification accuracy of our data merely relying on chance is ∼31%. By carrying out sensitivity analysis, we show that the effect size criterion is superior than frequency ranking because there exist low frequency words that significantly contribute to successful author discrimination. Consistent results are seen when the procedure is applied in classifying the undisputed Federalist papers of Alexander Hamilton and James Madison. To the best of our knowledge, the work is the first attempt in classifying opinion column articles, that by virtue of being shorter in length (as compared to novels or short stories), are more prone to over-fitting issues. The near perfect classification for the longer papers supports this claim. Our results provide an important insight on authorship attribution that has been overlooked in previous studies: that ranking discriminant variables based on word frequency counts is not necessarily an optimal procedure.

Structural health monitoring and damage evaluation for steel confined reinforced concrete column using the acoustic emission technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Du, Fangzhu; Li, Dongsheng

2018-03-01

As a new kind of composite structures, the using of steel confined reinforced concrete column attract increasing attention in civil engineer. During the damage process, this new structure offers highly complex and invisible failure mechanism due to the combination effects of steel tubes, concrete, and steel rebar. Acoustic emission (AE) technique has been extensively studied in nondestructive testing (NDT) and is currently applied in civil engineering for structural health monitoring (SHM) and damage evaluation. In the present study, damage property and failure evolution of steel confined and unconfined reinforced concrete (RC) columns are investigated under quasi-static loading through (AE) signal. Significantly improved loading capacity and excellent energy dissipation characteristic demonstrated the practicality of that proposed structure. AE monitoring results indicated that the progressive deformation of the test specimens occur in three stages representing different damage conditions. Sentry function compares the logarithm ratio between the stored strain energy (Es) and the released acoustic energy (Ea); explicitly disclose the damage growth and failure mechanism of the test specimens. Other extended AE features including index of damage (ID), and relax ratio are calculated to quantitatively evaluate the damage severity and critical point. Complicated temporal evolution of different AE features confirms the potential importance of integrated analysis of two or more parameters. The proposed multi-indicators analysis is capable of revealing the damage growth and failure mechanism for steel confined RC columns, and providing critical warning information for structure failure.

The impact analysis of the connecting pipe length and diameter on the operation of a piston hybrid power machine of positive displacement with gas suction capacity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shcherba, V. E.; Grigoriev, A. V.; Averyanov, G. S.; Surikov, V. I.; Vedruchenko, V. P.; Galdin, N. S.; Trukhanova, D. A.

2017-08-01

The article analyzes the impact of the connecting liquid pipe length and diameter on consumables and power characteristics of the piston hybrid power machine with gas suction capacity. The following operating characteristics of the machine were constructed and analyzed: the average height of the liquid column in the jacket space; instantaneous velocity and height of the liquid column in the jacket space; the relative height of the liquid column in the jacket space; volumetric efficiency; indicator isothermal efficiency; flowrate in the pump section; relative pressure losses during suction; relative flowrate. The dependence of the instantaneous pressure in the work space and the suction space of the compressor section on the rotation angle of the crankshaft is determined for different values of the length and diameter of the connecting pipeline.

Main types of optical beams giving predominant contributions to the light backscatter for the irregular hexagonal columns

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shishko, Victor A.; Konoshonkin, Alexander V.; Kustova, Natalia V.; Borovoi, Anatoli G.

2017-11-01

This work presents the estimation of contribution of the main types of optical beams to the light backscatter for randomly oriented hexagonal ice column, the right dihedral angle of which was distorted within the range of 0° (regular particle) to 10°. Calculations were obtained within the physical optics approximation. The wavelength was 532 nm and the refractive index was 1.3116. The results showed that the total contribution of the main types of optical beams to the total backscattering cross section reach the value of 85% at small distortion angle of the hexagonal column and at substantial distortion angle the total contribution of the main types of optical beams decrease up to 55% of the total backscattering cross section. The obtained conclusions can significantly reduce the calculation time in the case when there is no need for high accuracy of the calculation.

Experimental and Numerical Study of the Buckling of Composite Profiles with Open Cross Section under Axial Compression

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rozylo, Patryk; Teter, Andrzej; Debski, Hubert; Wysmulski, Pawel; Falkowicz, Katarzyna

2017-10-01

The object of the research are short, thin-walled columns with an open top-hat cross section made of multilayer laminate. The walls of the investigated profiles are made of plate elements. The entire columns are subjected to uniform compression. A detailed analysis allowed us to determine critical forces and post-critical equilibrium paths. It is assumed that the columns are articulately supported on the edges forming their ends. The numerical investigation is performed by the finite element method. The study involves solving the problem of eigenvalue and the non-linear problem of stability of the structure. The numerical analysis is performed by the commercial simulation software ABAQUS®. The numerical results are then validated experimentally. In the discussed cases, it is assumed that the material operates within a linearly-elastic range, and the non-linearity of the FEM model is due to large displacements.

OTEC gas desorption studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, F. C.; Golshani, A.

1982-02-01

Experiments on deaeration in packed columns and barometric intake systems, and with hydraulic air compression for open-cycle OTEC systems are reported. A gas desorption test loop consisting of water storage tanks, a vacuum system, a liquid recirculating system, an air supply, a column test section, and two barometric leg test sections was used to perform the tests. The aerated water was directed through columns filled with either ceramic Raschig rings or plastic pall rings, and the system vacuum pressure, which drives the deaeration process, was found to be dependent on water velocity and intake pipe height. The addition of a barometric intake pipe increased the deaeration effect 10%, and further tests were run with lengths of PVC pipe as potential means for noncondensibles disposal through hydraulic air compression. Using the kinetic energy from the effluent flow to condense steam in the noncondensible stream improved the system efficiency.

Thermomechanical Characterization and Modeling of Superelastic Shape Memory Alloy Beams and Frames

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Watkins, Ryan

Of existing applications, the majority of shape memory alloy (SMA) devices consist of beam (orthodontic wire, eye glasses frames, catheter guide wires) and framed structures (cardiovascular stents, vena cava filters). Although uniaxial tension data is often sufficient to model basic beam behavior (which has been the main focus of the research community), the tension-compression asymmetry and complex phase transformation behavior of SMAs suggests more information is necessary to properly model higher complexity states of loading. In this work, SMA beams are experimentally characterized under general loading conditions (including tension, compression, pure bending, and buckling); furthermore, a model is developed with respect to general beam deformation based on the relevant phenomena observed in the experimental characterization. Stress induced phase transformation within superelastic SMA beams is shown to depend on not only the loading mode, but also kinematic constraints imposed by beam geometry (such as beam cross-section and length). In the cases of tension and pure bending, the structural behavior is unstable and corresponds to phase transformation localization and propagation. This unstable behavior is the result of a local level up--down--up stress/strain response in tension, which is measured here using a novel composite-based experimental technique. In addition to unstable phase transformation, intriguing post-buckling straightening is observed in short SMA columns during monotonic loading (termed unbuckling here). Based on this phenomenological understanding of SMA beam behavior, a trilinear based material law is developed in the context of a Shanley column model and is found to capture many of the relevant features of column buckling, including the experimentally observed unbuckling behavior. Due to the success of this model, it is generalized within the context of beam theory and, in conjunction with Bloch wave stability analysis, is used to model and design SMA honeycombs.

K-12 Science Curriculum Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reading Community Schools, OH.

GRADES OR AGES: K-12. SUBJECT MATTER: Science. ORGANIZATION AND PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: The guide is divided into three sections, one each for elementary grades, middle grades, and high school. The first two sections are further subdivided by grade level and the last section is subdivided by course. Sections are laid out in four columns across two…

Micro-fabricated packed gas chromatography column based on laser etching technology.

PubMed

Sun, J H; Guan, F Y; Zhu, X F; Ning, Z W; Ma, T J; Liu, J H; Deng, T

2016-01-15

In this work, a micro packed gas chromatograph column integrated with a micro heater was fabricated by using laser etching technology (LET) for analyzing environmental gases. LET is a powerful tool to etch deep well-shaped channels on the glass wafer, and it is the most effective way to increase depth of channels. The fabricated packed GC column with a length of over 1.6m, to our best knowledge, which is the longest so far. In addition, the fabricated column with a rectangular cross section of 1.2mm (depth) × 0.6mm (width) has a large aspect ratio of 2:1. The results show that the fabricated packed column had a large sample capacity, achieved a separation efficiency of about 5800 plates/m and eluted highly symmetrical Gaussian peaks. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Gain-scheduled {{\\mathscr{H}}}_{\\infty } buckling control of a circular beam-column subject to time-varying axial loads

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schaeffner, Maximilian; Platz, Roland

2018-06-01

For slender beam-columns loaded by axial compressive forces, active buckling control provides a possibility to increase the maximum bearable axial load above that of a purely passive structure. In this paper, an approach for gain-scheduled {{\\mathscr{H}}}∞ buckling control of a slender beam-column with circular cross-section subject to time-varying axial loads is investigated experimentally. Piezo-elastic supports with integrated piezoelectric stack actuators at the beam-column ends allow an active stabilization in arbitrary lateral directions. The axial loads on the beam-column influence its lateral dynamic behavior and, eventually, cause the beam-column to buckle. A reduced modal model of the beam-column subject to axial loads including the dynamics of the electrical components is set up and calibrated with experimental data. Particularly, the linear parameter-varying open-loop plant is used to design a model-based gain-scheduled {{\\mathscr{H}}}∞ buckling control that is implemented in an experimental test setup. The beam-column is loaded by ramp- and step-shaped time-varying axial compressive loads that result in a lateral deformation of the beam-column due to imperfections, such as predeformation, eccentric loading or clamping moments. The lateral deformations and the maximum bearable loads of the beam-column are analyzed and compared for the beam-column with and without gain-scheduled {{\\mathscr{H}}}∞ buckling control or, respectively, active and passive configuration. With the proposed gain-scheduled {{\\mathscr{H}}}∞ buckling control it is possible to increase the maximum bearable load of the active beam-column by 19% for ramp-shaped axial loads and to significantly reduce the beam-column deformations for step-shaped axial loads compared to the passive structure.

11. BUILDING 1: FIRST FLOOR (Center Section), WEST AND NORTH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. BUILDING 1: FIRST FLOOR (Center Section), WEST AND NORTH WALLS, SHOWING TWO TIERS OF COLUMNS WITH SECOND FLOOR REMOVED - Boston Beer Company, 225-249 West Second Street, South Boston, Suffolk County, MA

14. Cortlandt V.D. Hubbard, Photographer November 1967 DETAIL: ORCHESTRA SECTION ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. Cortlandt V.D. Hubbard, Photographer November 1967 DETAIL: ORCHESTRA SECTION AND TIERS SHOWING DECORATED COLUMNS, BRACKETS, MOLDINGS - American Academy of Music, 232-246 South Broad Street, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

76 FR 45811 - Animal Drug User Fee Rates and Payment Procedures for Fiscal Year 2012

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-01

... Lisa Kable, Center for Veterinary Medicine (HFV-10), Food and Drug Administration, 7529 Standish Pl... Medicine (CVM) at: [email protected] . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Background Section 740 of the FD&C... from the base years in column 3. At the bottom right of the table the sum of the values in column 5 is...

49 CFR 173.12 - Exceptions for shipment of waste materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... (IBC) or a UN 11HH2 composite IBC, fitted with a polyethylene liner at least 6 mils (0.006 inches... section or in single packagings authorized for the acid in Column (8B) of the § 172.101 Hazardous... packagings authorized for the material in Column (8B) of the § 172.101 Hazardous Materials Table of this...

49 CFR 173.12 - Exceptions for shipment of waste materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... (IBC) or a UN 11HH2 composite IBC, fitted with a polyethylene liner at least 6 mils (0.006 inches... section or in single packagings authorized for the acid in Column (8B) of the § 172.101 Hazardous... packagings authorized for the material in Column (8B) of the § 172.101 Hazardous Materials Table of this...

Gas chromatography on wall-coated open-tubular columns with ionic liquid stationary phases.

PubMed

Poole, Colin F; Lenca, Nicole

2014-08-29

Ionic liquids have moved from novel to practical stationary phases for gas chromatography with an increasing portfolio of applications. Ionic liquids complement conventional stationary phases because of a combination of thermophysical and solvation properties that only exist for ionic solvents. Their high thermal stability and low vapor pressure makes them suitable as polar stationary phases for separations requiring high temperatures. Ionic liquids are good solvents and can be used to expand the chemical space for separations. They are the only stationary phases with significant hydrogen-bond acidity in common use; they extend the hydrogen-bond basicity of conventional stationary phases; they are as dipolar/polarizable as the most polar conventional stationary phases; and some ionic liquids are significantly less cohesive than conventional polar stationary phases. Problems in column coating techniques and related low column performance, column activity, and stationary phase reactivity require further exploration as the reasons for these features are poorly understood at present. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Miniaturized Laser Heterodyne Radiometer for Measurements of CO2 in the Atmospheric Column

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, E. L.; Mclinden, M. L.; Miller, J. H.; Allan, G. R.; Lott, L. E.; Melroy, H. R.; Clarke, G. B.

2013-01-01

We have developed a low-cost, miniaturized laser heterodyne radiometer for highly sensitive measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmospheric column. In this passive design, sunlight that has undergone absorption by CO2 in the atmosphere is collected and mixed with continuous wave laser light that is step-scanned across the absorption feature centered at 1,573.6 nm. The resulting radio frequency beat signal is collected as a function of laser wavelength, from which the total column mole fraction can be de-convolved. We are expanding this technique to include methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO), and with minor modifications, this technique can be expanded to include species such as water vapor (H2O) and nitrous oxide (N2O).

DYNA3D/ParaDyn Regression Test Suite Inventory

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lin, Jerry I.

2016-09-01

The following table constitutes an initial assessment of feature coverage across the regression test suite used for DYNA3D and ParaDyn. It documents the regression test suite at the time of preliminary release 16.1 in September 2016. The columns of the table represent groupings of functionalities, e.g., material models. Each problem in the test suite is represented by a row in the table. All features exercised by the problem are denoted by a check mark (√) in the corresponding column. The definition of “feature” has not been subdivided to its smallest unit of user input, e.g., algorithmic parameters specific to amore » particular type of contact surface. This represents a judgment to provide code developers and users a reasonable impression of feature coverage without expanding the width of the table by several multiples. All regression testing is run in parallel, typically with eight processors, except problems involving features only available in serial mode. Many are strictly regression tests acting as a check that the codes continue to produce adequately repeatable results as development unfolds; compilers change and platforms are replaced. A subset of the tests represents true verification problems that have been checked against analytical or other benchmark solutions. Users are welcomed to submit documented problems for inclusion in the test suite, especially if they are heavily exercising, and dependent upon, features that are currently underrepresented.« less

Identification and measurement of atmospheric ethane (C2H6) from a 1951 infrared solar spectrum

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rinsland, Curtis P.; Levine, Joel S.

1986-01-01

C2H6 absorption features in the 2980/cm spectral region of the solar spectrum recorded in April, 1951 were analyzed to determine the total vertical column amount and average free tropospheric mixing ratio of C2H6 above Jungfraujoch in the Swiss Alps. The PQ1 subbranch is the best isolated of the three C2H6 features in the 1951 spectrum, with an equivalent width of 0.0099 + or - 0.0025/cm. Results give a total vertical column amount of 9.7 x 10 to the 15th C2H6 molecules/sq cm, with an accuracy of + or - 30 percent. March 1981 measurements from this region give a mixing ratio of about 2.0 ppbv, 2.2 times larger than the 1951 value, suggesting a long-term increase in the free tropospheric C2H6 concentration over western Europe.

Water Column Correction for Coral Reef Studies by Remote Sensing

PubMed Central

Zoffoli, Maria Laura; Frouin, Robert; Kampel, Milton

2014-01-01

Human activity and natural climate trends constitute a major threat to coral reefs worldwide. Models predict a significant reduction in reef spatial extension together with a decline in biodiversity in the relatively near future. In this context, monitoring programs to detect changes in reef ecosystems are essential. In recent years, coral reef mapping using remote sensing data has benefited from instruments with better resolution and computational advances in storage and processing capabilities. However, the water column represents an additional complexity when extracting information from submerged substrates by remote sensing that demands a correction of its effect. In this article, the basic concepts of bottom substrate remote sensing and water column interference are presented. A compendium of methodologies developed to reduce water column effects in coral ecosystems studied by remote sensing that include their salient features, advantages and drawbacks is provided. Finally, algorithms to retrieve the bottom reflectance are applied to simulated data and actual remote sensing imagery and their performance is compared. The available methods are not able to completely eliminate the water column effect, but they can minimize its influence. Choosing the best method depends on the marine environment, available input data and desired outcome or scientific application. PMID:25215941

Water column correction for coral reef studies by remote sensing.

PubMed

Zoffoli, Maria Laura; Frouin, Robert; Kampel, Milton

2014-09-11

Human activity and natural climate trends constitute a major threat to coral reefs worldwide. Models predict a significant reduction in reef spatial extension together with a decline in biodiversity in the relatively near future. In this context, monitoring programs to detect changes in reef ecosystems are essential. In recent years, coral reef mapping using remote sensing data has benefited from instruments with better resolution and computational advances in storage and processing capabilities. However, the water column represents an additional complexity when extracting information from submerged substrates by remote sensing that demands a correction of its effect. In this article, the basic concepts of bottom substrate remote sensing and water column interference are presented. A compendium of methodologies developed to reduce water column effects in coral ecosystems studied by remote sensing that include their salient features, advantages and drawbacks is provided. Finally, algorithms to retrieve the bottom reflectance are applied to simulated data and actual remote sensing imagery and their performance is compared. The available methods are not able to completely eliminate the water column effect, but they can minimize its influence. Choosing the best method depends on the marine environment, available input data and desired outcome or scientific application.

A dynamic pressure calibration standard

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schutte, P. C.; Cate, K. H.; Young, S. D.

1985-01-01

A dynamic pressure calibration standard has been developed for calibrating flush diaphragm mounted pressure transducers. Pressures up to 20 kPa (3 psi) have been accurately generated over a frequency range of 50 to 1800 hz. The uncertainty of the standard is +/-5 pct to 5kPa (.75 psi) and +/-10 pct from 5 kPa (.75 psi) to 20 kPa (3 psi). The system consists of two conically shaped, aluminum columns, one 5 cm (2 in.) high for low pressures and another 11 cm (4.3 in.) high for higher pressures, each filled with a viscous fluid. A column is mounted on the armature of a vibration exciter which imparts a sinusoidally varying acceleration to the fluid column. Two pressure transducers mounted at the base of the column sense the sinusoidally varying pressure. This pressure is determined from measurements of the density of the fluid, the height of the fluid, and the acceleration of the column. A section of the taller column is filled with steel balls to control the damping of the fluid to extend its useful frequency range.

46 CFR 52.01-110 - Water-level indicators, water columns, gauge-glass connections, gauge cocks, and pressure gauges...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Water-level indicators, water columns, gauge-glass connections, gauge cocks, and pressure gauges (modifies PG-60). 52.01-110 Section 52.01-110 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS General Requirements § 52.01-110 Water-level indicators, water...

46 CFR 52.01-110 - Water-level indicators, water columns, gauge-glass connections, gauge cocks, and pressure gauges...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Water-level indicators, water columns, gauge-glass connections, gauge cocks, and pressure gauges (modifies PG-60). 52.01-110 Section 52.01-110 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS General Requirements § 52.01-110 Water-level indicators, water...

46 CFR 52.01-110 - Water-level indicators, water columns, gauge-glass connections, gauge cocks, and pressure gauges...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Water-level indicators, water columns, gauge-glass connections, gauge cocks, and pressure gauges (modifies PG-60). 52.01-110 Section 52.01-110 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS General Requirements § 52.01-110 Water-level indicators, water...

46 CFR 52.01-110 - Water-level indicators, water columns, gauge-glass connections, gauge cocks, and pressure gauges...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Water-level indicators, water columns, gauge-glass connections, gauge cocks, and pressure gauges (modifies PG-60). 52.01-110 Section 52.01-110 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS General Requirements § 52.01-110 Water-level indicators, water...

46 CFR 52.01-110 - Water-level indicators, water columns, gauge-glass connections, gauge cocks, and pressure gauges...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Water-level indicators, water columns, gauge-glass connections, gauge cocks, and pressure gauges (modifies PG-60). 52.01-110 Section 52.01-110 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS General Requirements § 52.01-110 Water-level indicators, water...

Effects of the dynamic modification of stationary phases by sorbates in gas chromatography: The possibility of separating enantiomers in achiral systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zenkevich, I. G.; Pavlovskii, A. A.

2016-10-01

It is shown that the gas chromatographic separation of enantiomers on columns with achiral nonpolar stationary phases is principally possible as a result of the dynamic modification of stationary phases by sorbates under analysis. It is found that a number of key characteristic features is intrinsic to such separation: it can be only partial, it does not occur for all chromatographic columns, and it is observed only for some compounds and only within narrow ranges of quantities of sorbates that are close to the limits of mass overload of chromatographic systems. These characteristic features are illustrated by the examples of separating (1 R,5 R)-(+)- and (1 S,5 S)-(-)-α-pinenes on a WCOT column with an RTX-5 phase. The main characteristic feature of the separation of enantiomers as a result of the dynamic modification of stationary phases is the nonconformity of peaks in chromatograms with two individual enantiomers, compared to other ways and means for their separation; the first eluting peak belongs to the enantiomer that predominates in a mixture irrespective of its configuration, while the second peak corresponds to the racemic mixture of enantiomers; i.e., the ratio of peak areas in chromatograms does not correspond to the actual ratio of enantiomers in samples under analysis and is strongly distorted as a result of their incomplete separation. It is concluded that the separation of racemic mixtures in achiral systems is fundamentally impossible under any conditions, and this is one of the key criteria of the validity of the considered concept as a whole.

Experimental study on neptunium migration under in situ geochemical conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumata, M.; Vandergraaf, T. T.

1998-12-01

Results are reported for migration experiments performed with Np under in situ geochemical conditions over a range of groundwater flow rates in columns of crushed rock in a specially designed facility at the 240-level of the Underground Research Laboratory (URL) near Pinawa, Manitoba, Canada. This laboratory is situated in an intrusive granitic rock formation, the Lac du Bonnet batholith. Highly altered granitic rock and groundwater were obtained from a major subhorizontal fracture zone at a depth of 250 m in the URL. The granite was wet-crushed and wet-sieved with groundwater from this fracture zone. The 180-850-μm size fraction was selected and packed in 20-cm long, 2.54-cm in diameter Teflon™-lined stainless steel columns. Approximately 30-ml vols of groundwater containing 3HHO and 237Np were injected into the columns at flow rates of 0.3, 1, and 3 ml/h, followed by elution with groundwater, obtained from the subhorizontal fracture, at the same flow rates, for a period of 95 days. Elution profiles for 3HHO were obtained, but no 237Np was detected in the eluted groundwater. After terminating the migration experiments, the columns were frozen, the column material was removed and cut into twenty 1-cm thick sections and each section was analyzed by gamma spectrometry. Profiles of 237Np were obtained for the three columns. A one-dimensional transport model was fitted to the 3HHO breakthrough curves to obtain flow parameters for this experiment. These flow parameters were in turn applied to the 237Np concentration profiles in the columns to produce sorption and dispersion coefficients for Np. The results show a strong dependence of retardation factors ( Rf) on flow rate. The decrease in the retarded velocity of the neptunium ( Vn) varied over one order of magnitude under the geochemical conditions for these experiments.

Hypothesis testing for differentially correlated features.

PubMed

Sheng, Elisa; Witten, Daniela; Zhou, Xiao-Hua

2016-10-01

In a multivariate setting, we consider the task of identifying features whose correlations with the other features differ across conditions. Such correlation shifts may occur independently of mean shifts, or differences in the means of the individual features across conditions. Previous approaches for detecting correlation shifts consider features simultaneously, by computing a correlation-based test statistic for each feature. However, since correlations involve two features, such approaches do not lend themselves to identifying which feature is the culprit. In this article, we instead consider a serial testing approach, by comparing columns of the sample correlation matrix across two conditions, and removing one feature at a time. Our method provides a novel perspective and favorable empirical results compared with competing approaches. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Surgical treatment of congenital thoracolumbar spondyloptosis in a 2-year-old child with vertebral column resection and posterior-only circumferential reconstruction of the spine column: case report.

PubMed

Gressot, Loyola V; Mata, Javier A; Luerssen, Thomas G; Jea, Andrew

2015-02-01

Spondyloptosis refers to complete dislocation of a vertebral body onto another. The L5-S1 level is frequently affected. As this condition is rare, few published reports describing its clinical features and surgical outcomes exist, especially in the pediatric patient population. The authors report the presentation, pathological findings, and radiographic studies of a 2-year-old girl who presented to Texas Children's Hospital with a history since birth of progressive spastic paraparesis. Preoperative CT and MRI showed severe spinal cord compression associated with T11-12 spondyloptosis. The patient underwent a single-stage posterior approach for complete resection of the dysplastic vertebral bodies at the apex of the spinal deformity with reconstruction and stabilization of the vertebral column using a titanium expandable cage and pedicle screws. At the 12-month follow-up, the patient remained neurologically stable without any radiographic evidence of instrumentation failure or loss of alignment. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there have been only 2 other children with congenital thoracolumbar spondyloptosis treated with the above-described strategy. The authors describe their case and review the literature to discuss the aggregate clinical features, surgical strategies, and operative outcomes for congenital thoracolumbar spondyloptosis.

Computer Cache. Celebrating Women: History, Biographies, and Museums

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Byerly, Greg; Brodie, Carolyn S.

2005-01-01

This column shares a host of websites that feature resources about women in history, famous women, and women's contributions. These websites can be used all year long, as well as in conjunction with Women's History Month in March,

Fractional Skin Harvesting: Autologous Skin Grafting without Donor-site Morbidity

PubMed Central

Wang, Ying; Farinelli, William A.; Jiménez-Lozano, Joel; Franco, Walfre; Sakamoto, Fernanda H.; Cheung, Evelyn J.; Purschke, Martin; Doukas, Apostolos G.; Anderson, R. Rox

2013-01-01

Background: Conventional autologous skin grafts are associated with significant donor-site morbidity. This study was conducted to determine feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a new strategy for skin grafting based on harvesting small columns of full-thickness skin with minimal donor-site morbidity. Methods: The swine model was used for this study. Hundreds of full-thickness columns of skin tissue (~700 µm diameter) were harvested using a custom-made harvesting device, and then applied directly to excisional skin wounds. Healing in donor and graft sites was evaluated over 3 months by digital photographic measurement of wound size and blinded, computer-aided evaluation of histological features and compared with control wounds that healed by secondary intention or with conventional split-thickness skin grafts (STSG). Results: After harvesting hundreds of skin columns, the donor sites healed rapidly without scarring. These sites reepithelialized within days and were grossly and histologically indistinguishable from normal skin within 7 weeks. By contrast, STSG donor sites required 2 weeks for reepithelialization and retained scar-like characteristics in epidermal and dermal architecture throughout the experiment. Wounds grafted with skin columns resulted in accelerated reepithelialization compared with ungrafted wounds while avoiding the “fish-net” patterning caused by STSG. Conclusion: Full-thickness columns of skin can be harvested in large quantities with negligible long-term donor-site morbidity, and these columns can be applied directly to skin wounds to enhance wound healing. PMID:25289241

Mars Ozone Absorption Line Shapes from Infrared Heterodyne Spectra Applied to GCM-Predicted Ozone Profiles and to MEX/SPICAM Column Retrievals

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fast, Kelly E.; Kostiuk, T.; Annen, J.; Hewagama, T.; Delgado, J.; Livengood, T. A.; Lefevre, F.

2008-01-01

We present the application of infrared heterodyne line shapes of ozone on Mars to those produced by radiative transfer modeling of ozone profiles predicted by general circulation models (GCM), and to contemporaneous column abundances measured by Mars Express SPICAM. Ozone is an important tracer of photochemistry Mars' atmosphere, serving as an observable with which to test predictions of photochemistry-coupled GCMs. Infrared heterodyne spectroscopy at 9.5 microns with spectral resolving power >1,000,000 is the only technique that can directly measure fully-resolved line shapes of Martian ozone features from the surface of the Earth. Measurements were made with Goddard Space Flight Center's Heterodyne instrument for Planetary Wind And Composition (HIPWAC) at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) on Mauna Kea, Hawaii on February 21-24 2008 UT at Ls=35deg on or near the MEX orbital path. The HIPWAC observations were used to test GCM predictions. For example, a GCM-generated ozone profile for 60degN 112degW was scaled so that a radiative transfer calculation of its absorption line shape matched an observed HIPWAC absorption feature at the same areographic position, local time, and season. The RMS deviation of the model from the data was slightly smaller for the GCM-generated profile than for a line shape produced by a constant-with-height profile, even though the total column abundances were the same, showing potential for testing and constraining GCM ozone-profiles. The resulting ozone column abundance from matching the model to the HIPWAC line shape was 60% higher than that observed by SPICAM at the same areographic position one day earlier and 2.5 hours earlier in local time. This could be due to day-to-day, diurnal, or north polar region variability, or to measurement sensitivity to the ozone column and its distribution, and these possibilities will be explored. This work was supported by NASA's Planetary Astronomy Program.

Minimum Energy of Multicomponent Distillation Systems Using Minimum Additional Heat and Mass Integration Sections

DOE PAGES

Jiang, Zheyu; Ramapriya, Gautham Madenoor; Tawarmalani, Mohit; ...

2018-04-20

Heat and mass integration to consolidate distillation columns in a multicomponent distillation configuration can lead to a number of new energy efficient and cost effective configurations. In this paper, we identify a powerful and simple-to-use fact about heat and mass integration. The newly developed heat and mass integrated configurations, which we call as HMP configurations, involve first introducing thermal couplings to all intermediate transfer streams, followed by consolidating columns associated with a lighter pure product reboiler and a heavier pure product condenser. A systematic method of enumerating all HMP configurations is introduced. We compare the energy savings of HMP configurationsmore » with the well-known fully thermally coupled (FTC) configurations. We demonstrate that HMP configurations can have very similar and sometimes even the same minimum total vapor duty requirement as the FTC configuration, while using far less number of column sections, intermediate transfer streams, and thermal couplings than the FTC configurations.« less

Minimum Energy of Multicomponent Distillation Systems Using Minimum Additional Heat and Mass Integration Sections

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jiang, Zheyu; Ramapriya, Gautham Madenoor; Tawarmalani, Mohit

Heat and mass integration to consolidate distillation columns in a multicomponent distillation configuration can lead to a number of new energy efficient and cost effective configurations. In this paper, we identify a powerful and simple-to-use fact about heat and mass integration. The newly developed heat and mass integrated configurations, which we call as HMP configurations, involve first introducing thermal couplings to all intermediate transfer streams, followed by consolidating columns associated with a lighter pure product reboiler and a heavier pure product condenser. A systematic method of enumerating all HMP configurations is introduced. We compare the energy savings of HMP configurationsmore » with the well-known fully thermally coupled (FTC) configurations. We demonstrate that HMP configurations can have very similar and sometimes even the same minimum total vapor duty requirement as the FTC configuration, while using far less number of column sections, intermediate transfer streams, and thermal couplings than the FTC configurations.« less

Flexural stiffness of the composite steel and fibre-reinforced concrete circular hollow section column

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tretyakov, A.; Tkalenko, I.; Wald, F.; Novak, J.; Stefan, R.; Kohoutková, A.

2017-09-01

The recent development in technology of production and transportation of steel fibre-reinforced concrete enables its utilization in composite steel-concrete structures. This work is a part of a project which focuses on development of mechanical behaviour of circular hollow section (CHS) composite steel and fibre-concrete (SFRC) columns at elevate temperature. Research includes two levels of accuracy/complexity, allowing simplified or advanced approach for design that follows upcoming changes in European standard for composite member design in fire EN1994-1-2 [1]. One part is dedicated to determination and description of flexural stiffness of the SFRC CHS columns. To determinate flexural stiffness were prepared series of pure bending tests at elevated and ambient temperature. Presented paper focuses on the results of the tests and determination of flexural stiffness at ambient temperature. Obtained outputs were compared to data of existing studies about concrete-filled tube members with plain concrete and values analytically calculated according to the existing European standard EN1994-1-1 [2].

Triazine herbicide imprinted monolithic column for capillary electrochromatography.

PubMed

Aşır, Süleyman; Derazshamshir, Ali; Yılmaz, Fatma; Denizli, Adil

2015-12-01

Trietazine was selectively separated from aqueous solution containing the competitor molecule cyanazine, which is similar in size and shape to the template molecule. Structural features of the molecularly imprinted column were figured out by SEM. The influence of the mobile-phase composition, applied electrical field, and pH of the mobile phase on the recognition of trietazine by the imprinted monolithic polymer has been evaluated, and the imprint effect in the trietazine-imprinted monolithic polymer was demonstrated by an imprinting factor. The optimized monolithic column resulted in separation of trietazine from a structurally related competitor molecule, cyanazine. In addition, fast separation was obtained within 6 min by applying higher electrical field, with the electrophoretic mobility of 2.97 × 10(-8) m(2) V(-1) s(-1) at pH 11.0. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

A simple dual online ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography system (sDO-UHPLC) for high throughput proteome analysis.

PubMed

Lee, Hangyeore; Mun, Dong-Gi; Bae, Jingi; Kim, Hokeun; Oh, Se Yeon; Park, Young Soo; Lee, Jae-Hyuk; Lee, Sang-Won

2015-08-21

We report a new and simple design of a fully automated dual-online ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography system. The system employs only two nano-volume switching valves (a two-position four port valve and a two-position ten port valve) that direct solvent flows from two binary nano-pumps for parallel operation of two analytical columns and two solid phase extraction (SPE) columns. Despite the simple design, the sDO-UHPLC offers many advantageous features that include high duty cycle, back flushing sample injection for fast and narrow zone sample injection, online desalting, high separation resolution and high intra/inter-column reproducibility. This system was applied to analyze proteome samples not only in high throughput deep proteome profiling experiments but also in high throughput MRM experiments.

Maryland State and Local Governments: An Instructional Unit for the Eighth Grade Social Studies Course "Maryland Studies."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewis, Wanda B.; Stamm, Michael J.

An eighth grade social studies unit on Maryland state and local governments contains three sections. In the first section, a two-column chart matches grade level objectives related to Maryland governments to specific activities discussed in the next section. A content outline is divided into sections on introductory materials, including vocabulary…

This Month in Astronomical History: Providing Context for the Advancement of Astronomy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wilson, Teresa

2018-01-01

This Month in Astronomical History is a short (~500 word) illustrated column hosted on the AAS website (https://had.aas.org/resources/astro-history). Its mission is to highlight people and events that have shaped the development of astronomy to convey a historical context to current researchers, to provide a resource for education and public outreach programs seeking to incorporate a historical perspective, and to share the excitement of astronomy with the public. Knowing how the astronomical journey has proceeded thus far allows current professionals to map where to go next and how to get there. The column charts the first part of this journey by celebrating anniversaries of births, discoveries, and deaths, and the technological advances that made discoveries possible. A new “Further Reading” section encourages readers to pursue subjects in greater depth and strengthens the articles as classroom resources.In the months preceding the 21 August 2017 solar eclipse, the column featured astronomical bodies that come between Earth and the Sun: 2004 Venus transit, the 1878 solar eclipse, and the search for the hypothetical planet Vulcan. Venusian transits were an early but technically challenging way to measure the astronomical unit, now easily done with radar-ranging. Like this year’s event, eclipse chasing and citizen science were part of the 1878 experience. Newton’s Laws seemed to require a planet inside Mercury’s orbit, but General Relativity explained the behavior of Mercury without it. Studying each of these transiting bodies has expanded our knowledge and understanding of the universe differently. Transiting extrasolar planets remain to be explored in a future column. In September, an article on the discovery of Neptune followed the discussion of the non-existent Vulcan quite naturally and expanded on the brief mention of this event in relation to the discovery of Pluto. Suggestions for additional topics are always welcome.The Dudley Observatory supported This Month in Astronomical History through its 2017 Herbert C. Pollock Award. The author thanks the HAD Executive Committee for their careful review of each edition.

Arts and Crafts for Use with Mentally Retarded Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Child, Toni, Ed.

GRADES OR AGES: Mentally retarded children of any age. SUBJECT MATTER: Arts and crafts. ORGANIZATION AND PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: The guide is divided into sections according to the material to be used. Section headings are: Paper, Fabrics, Wood, Metal, Nature, Miscellaneous, and Painting. Each section is laid out in three parallel columns, one each…

75 FR 69861 - Airworthiness Directives; Cessna Aircraft Company (Cessna) 172, 175, 177, 180, 182, 185, 206, 207...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-16

... section of the published AD, we incorrectly included Cessna 188 series airplanes. In the Unsafe Condition... sections of the AD incorrectly included Cessna 188 series airplanes. The Unsafe Condition section is... the second column, on line 10, under the heading DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, remove 188 from...

Gas-phase Absorption of {{\\rm{C}}}_{70}^{2+} below 10 K: Astronomical Implications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Campbell, E. K.; Holz, M.; Maier, J. P.

2017-02-01

The electronic spectrum of the fullerene dication {{{C}}}702+ has been measured in the gas phase at low temperature in a cryogenic radiofrequency ion trap. The spectrum consists of a strong origin band at 7030 Å and two weaker features to higher energy. The bands have FWHMs of 35 Å indicating an excited state lifetime on the order of one-tenth of a picosecond. Absorption cross-section measurements yield (2 ± 1) × 10-15 cm2 at 7030 Å. These results are used to predict the depth of diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) due to the absorption by {{{C}}}702+. At an assumed column density of 2 × 1012 cm-2 the attenuation of starlight at 7030 Å is around 0.4% and thus the detection of such a shallow and broad interstellar band would be difficult. The electronic spectrum of {{{C}}}602+ shows no absorptions in the visible. Below 4000 Å the spectra of C60, {{{C}}}60+ and {{{C}}}602+ are similar. The large intrinsic FWHM of the features in this region, ˜200 Å for the band near 3250 Å, make them unsuitable for DIB detection.

[Activities of Harvard College Observatory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dalgarno, A.; Smith, Peter L.; Stark, G.; Yoshino, K.

2002-01-01

With support from this grant, we have: 1) Developed techniques for improving wavelengths and f-values for singly and doubly charged ions of the iron group and have improved the accuracy of Fe III wavelengths by an order of magnitude. New Fe II f-values have also resulted from this work. 2) Measured line oscillator strengths and photoabsorption cross sections for UV molecular spectral feature that have been, or could be, used for searches for and detection of molecules in diffuse and translucent interstellar clouds and for determination of molecular column densities there. In addition, we have determined other molecular parameters -- line assignments, wavelengths, and line widths -- that are essential for theoretical descriptions of the abundance, fractionation, and excitation of interstellar molecules and for comparison of predictions with observations. 3) Measured A-values for spin-changing and other weak lines in low-Z ions. When A-values are available, these spectral features are useful for astrophysical plasma density and temperature diagnostics. Such lines are also used in interstellar abundance determinations in cases where the stronger allowed lines are saturated in astronomical spectra. 4) Taken an activist approach to ensuring that, (i), astronomers have ready access to our data, and, (ii), avenues of communication between data users and producers are strengthened.

Comparative study of new shell-type, sub-2 micron fully porous and monolith stationary phases, focusing on mass-transfer resistance.

PubMed

Oláh, Erzsébet; Fekete, Szabolcs; Fekete, Jeno; Ganzler, Katalin

2010-06-04

Today sub-2 microm packed columns are very popular to conduct fast chromatographic separations. The mass-transfer resistance depends on the particle size but some practical limits exist not to reach the theoretically expected plate height and mass-transfer resistance. Another approach applies particles with shortened diffusion path to enhance the efficiency of separations. In this study a systematical evaluation of the possibilities of the separations obtained with 5 cm long narrow bore columns packed with new 2.6 microm shell particles (1.9 microm nonporous core surrounded by a 0.35 microm porous shell, Kinetex, Core-Shell), packed with other shell-type particles (Ascentis Express, Fused-Core), totally porous sub-2 microm particles and a 5 cm long narrow bore monolith column is presented. The different commercially available columns were compared by using van Deemter, Knox and kinetic plots. Theoretical Poppe plots were constructed for each column to compare their kinetic performance. Data are presented on polar neutral real-life analytes. Comparison of a low molecular weight compounds (MW=270-430) and a high molecular weight one (MW approximately 900) was conducted. This study proves that the Kinetex column packed with 2.6 microm shell particles is worthy of rivaling to sub-2 microm columns and other commercially available shell-type packings (Ascentis Express or Halo), both for small and large molecule separation. The Kinetex column offers a very flat C term. Utilizing this feature, high flow rates can be applied to accomplish very fast separations without significant loss in efficiency. Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automatic Fastening Large Structures: a New Approach

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lumley, D. F.

1985-01-01

The external tank (ET) intertank structure for the space shuttle, a 27.5 ft diameter 22.5 ft long externally stiffened mechanically fastened skin-stringer-frame structure, was a labor intensitive manual structure built on a modified Saturn tooling position. A new approach was developed based on half-section subassemblies. The heart of this manufacturing approach will be 33 ft high vertical automatic riveting system with a 28 ft rotary positioner coming on-line in mid 1985. The Automatic Riveting System incorporates many of the latest automatic riveting technologies. Key features include: vertical columns with two sets of independently operating CNC drill-riveting heads; capability of drill, insert and upset any one piece fastener up to 3/8 inch diameter including slugs without displacing the workpiece offset bucking ram with programmable rotation and deep retraction; vision system for automatic parts program re-synchronization and part edge margin control; and an automatic rivet selection/handling system.

The Fire Resistance Performance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Columns with Different Concrete Compressive Strengths

PubMed Central

Dong, Hongying; Cao, Wanlin; Bian, Jianhui; Zhang, Jianwei

2014-01-01

In order to ascertain the fire resistance performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) components with different concrete compressive strengths, four full-scaled concrete columns were designed and tested under high temperature. Two of the four specimens were constructed by normal concrete with compressive strength ratings of C20 and C30, respectively, while the others were made from recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) concrete of C30 and C40, respectively. Identical constant axial forces were applied to specimens while being subjected to simulated building fire conditions in a laboratory furnace. Several parameters from the experimental results were comparatively analyzed, including the temperature change, vertical displacement, lateral deflection, fire endurance, and failure characteristics of specimens. The temperature field of specimens was simulated with ABAQUS Software (ABAQUS Inc., Provindence, RI, USA) and the results agreed quite well with those from the experiments. Results show that the rate of heat transfer from the surface to the interior of the column increases with the increase of the concrete’s compressive strength for both RAC columns and normal concrete columns. Under the same initial axial force ratio, for columns with the same cross section, those with lower concrete compressive strengths demonstrate better fire resistance performance. The fire resistance performance of RAC columns is better than that of normal concrete columns, with the same concrete compressive strength. PMID:28788279

The Fire Resistance Performance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Columns with Different Concrete Compressive Strengths.

PubMed

Dong, Hongying; Cao, Wanlin; Bian, Jianhui; Zhang, Jianwei

2014-12-08

In order to ascertain the fire resistance performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) components with different concrete compressive strengths, four full-scaled concrete columns were designed and tested under high temperature. Two of the four specimens were constructed by normal concrete with compressive strength ratings of C20 and C30, respectively, while the others were made from recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) concrete of C30 and C40, respectively. Identical constant axial forces were applied to specimens while being subjected to simulated building fire conditions in a laboratory furnace. Several parameters from the experimental results were comparatively analyzed, including the temperature change, vertical displacement, lateral deflection, fire endurance, and failure characteristics of specimens. The temperature field of specimens was simulated with ABAQUS Software (ABAQUS Inc., Provindence, RI, USA) and the results agreed quite well with those from the experiments. Results show that the rate of heat transfer from the surface to the interior of the column increases with the increase of the concrete's compressive strength for both RAC columns and normal concrete columns. Under the same initial axial force ratio, for columns with the same cross section, those with lower concrete compressive strengths demonstrate better fire resistance performance. The fire resistance performance of RAC columns is better than that of normal concrete columns, with the same concrete compressive strength.

Electronic School. Supplement.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School Board Journal, 1997

1997-01-01

This supplementary insert describes developments in computer uses in education. Feature articles discuss connecting rural schools to computer networks through affordable wireless transmission, using the Internet to teach foreign languages, and forging links between the school and home through technology. Other columns discuss updates on the…

Read, Flip, and Write!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matson, Sandra F.

2012-01-01

This column features essays written by current middle school and high school teachers, media specialists, librarians, literacy coaches, curriculum specialists, administrators, preservice teachers, teacher educators, and adolescent and adult learners. They highlight diverse perspectives on teaching and/or learning with literacies to inspire reader…

Exploratory study of partial isolation of highway bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-01-01

A special class of seismically isolated bridges shares a common feature in that both ends of the superstructure are restrained and isolators over the columns of bridge uncouple the superstructure from the ground motions. They are defined as partial i...

23. VIEW OF SECTION DRAWINGS. THE SECTION LINES CUT THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

23. VIEW OF SECTION DRAWINGS. THE SECTION LINES CUT THE BUILDING EAST-WEST. THE ORIGINAL DRAWING HAS BEEN ARCHIVED ON MICROFILM. THE DRAWING WAS REPRODUCED AT THE BEST QUALITY POSSIBLE. LETTERS AND NUMBERS IN THE CIRCLES INDICATE FOOTER AND/OR COLUMN LOCATIONS. - Rocky Flats Plant, Uranium Rolling & Forming Operations, Southeast section of plant, southeast quadrant of intersection of Central Avenue & Eighth Street, Golden, Jefferson County, CO

Nutrient and pollutant metals within earthworm residues are immobilized in soil during decomposition

PubMed Central

Richardson, J.B; Renock, D.J; Görres, J.H; Jackson, B.P; Webb, S.M; Friedland, A.J

2016-01-01

Earthworms are known to bioaccumulate metals, making them a potential vector for metal transport in soils. However, the fate of metals within soil upon death of earthworms has not been characterized. We compared the fate of nutrient (Ca, Mg, Mn) and potentially toxic (Cu, Zn, Pb) metals during decomposition of Amynthas agrestis and Lumbricus rubellus in soil columns. Cumulative leachate pools, exchangeable pools (0.1 M KCl + 0.01 M acetic acid extracted), and stable pools (16 M HNO3 + 12 M HCl extracted) were quantified in the soil columns after 7, 21, and 60 days of decomposition. Soil columns containing A. agrestis and L. rubellus had significantly higher cumulative leachate pools of Ca, Mn, Cu, and Pb than Control soil columns. Exchangeable and stable pools of Cu, Pb, and Zn were greater for A. agrestis and L. rubellus soil columns than Control soil columns. However, we estimated that > 98 % of metals from earthworm residues were immobilized in the soil in an exchangeable or stable form over the 60 days using a mass balance approach. Micro-XRF images of longitudinal thin sections of soil columns after 60 days containing A. agrestis confirm metals immobilization in earthworm residues. Our research demonstrates that nutrient and toxic metals are stabilized in soil within earthworm residues. PMID:28163331

Functional analyses of the primate upper cervical vertebral column.

PubMed

Nalley, Thierra K; Grider-Potter, Neysa

2017-06-01

Recent work has highlighted functional correlations between direct measures of head and neck posture and primate cervical bony morphology. Primates with more horizontal necks exhibit middle and lower cervical vertebral features that indicate increased mechanical advantage for deep nuchal musculature and mechanisms for column curvature formation and maintenance. How features of the C1 and C2 reflect quantified measures of posture have yet to be examined. This study incorporates bony morphology from the upper cervical levels from 20 extant primate species in order to investigate further how posture correlates with cervical vertebrae morphology. Results from phylogenetic generalized least-squares analyses indicate that few vertebral features exhibit a significant relationship with posture when accounting for differences in size. When size-adjusted traits were correlated with posture, vertebral variation had a stronger relationship with neck posture than head posture variables. Two C1 traits-relative posterior arch length and superior facet curvature-were correlated with neck posture variables. Relative posterior arch length exhibits a positive relationship with neck posture, while superior articular facet curvature demonstrates a negative relationship, such that as the neck becomes more horizontal, the greater the facet curvature. Four C2 features were also correlated with neck posture: relative pedicle and lamina lengths, relative superior facet orientation, and dens orientation. Relative pedicle and lamina lengths become craniocaudally longer as the neck becomes more horizontal. Relative C2 superior facet orientation and dens orientation exhibit negative correlations with posture, such that as the neck becomes more horizontal, the superior facet becomes more caudally inclined and the dens more dorsally inclined. These results produce a similar functional signal observed in the middle and lower cervical spine. Modeling the cervical vertebrae of more pronograde taxa within a sigmoidal spinal column model is further discussed and may prove useful in refining and testing future hypotheses of primate cervical mechanics. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Interaction, 1996-1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hajdu-Vaughn, Susan, Ed.; Coyle, Barbara, Ed.

1997-01-01

This collection includes four quarterly issues of "Interaction," a publication of the Canadian Child Care Federation. Each issue addresses several topics and is arranged in four sections: opinions, practice/pratique, focus/a propos, and news/nouvelles. The opinions section includes letters and editorial/review columns, the practice…

Stratigraphy, geochronology and regional tectonic setting of the Late Cretaceous (ca. 82-70 Ma) Cabullona basin, Sonora, Mexico

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

González-León, Carlos M.; Solari, Luigi A.; Madhavaraju, Jayagopal

2017-12-01

The Cabullona basin in northeastern Sonora is a continental depocenter whose origin is related to the adjacent Sierra Anibacachi uplift that bounds its tectonic eastern flank. Its exposed, mostly fluvial and lacustrine sedimentary fill, the Cabullona Group, was deposited between 81.9 ± 0.7 and 69.8 ± 0.7 Ma and its outcrops extends for 70 km from north to south. The oldest measured stratigraphic column of the Cabullona Group is the Los Atolillos column of the southern part of the basin, but its base is not exposed. A basal conglomerate in the younger El Malacate (ca. 80 Ma), Cuauhtémoc (ca. 75 Ma) and San Joaquín (ca. 70 Ma) columns onlaps deformed basement rocks. The type section in which the Cabullona Group was previously named is herein referred as the Naco section and is dated ∼73-72 Ma. The younger strata of the Cabullona Group correspond to the fluvial San Joaquín column that onlaps the eastern tectonic boundary of the basin and to the lacustrine Esqueda column. These columns are dated at ca. 70 Ma and may represent the late evolution of the Cabullona basin. Sandstone petrography and detrital zircon geochronology are used to infer provenance of sediments of the Cabullona Group. Sandstones consist of lithic arkose to feldespathic litharenite, indicating provenance from dissected to transitional volcanic arc, but samples of the El Malacate column classify as arkose and lithic arkose with possible provenance from basement uplift of Sierra Los Ajos; litharenite from the Esqueda column indicate arc provenance. Detrital zircons yielded mostly Proterozoic and Mesozoic ages with age peaks at ca. 1568, 167, 100, 80 and 73 Ma indicating possible provenance from the Precambrian basement rocks and the Jurassic continental magmatic arc that underlie the region, the Alisitos arc and La Posta plutons in Baja California, and from the Laramide magmatic arc of Sonora. The Cabullona basin developed nearly contemporaneous to the early, eastwards migrating Laramide magmatic arc that located to the west of the basin, and to a tectonic shortening that occurred in northern Sonora during Late Cretaceous time. In the older columns of the Cabullona Group and in columns of the northern part, the early arc had a distal influence during sedimentation as shown by interbedded ash fall tuffs and minor rhyolitic flows, but sections in the southern part of the basin record more abundant rhyolitic ash-fall tuffs and flows indicating the arc proximity. An important regional flare-up of the arc at ca. 74 Ma is recorded by the Ejido Ruiz Cortines column, while the upper part of the Cabullona Group was interdigitating with rhyolitic rocks by 70 Ma. The Cabullona basin started to form during the shortening event whose age is constrained between ca. 93 and 76 Ma according to U-Pb ages of the syntectonic Cocóspera Formation of northern Sonora and from Laramide arc rocks that overlie it. Ages and correlation of the Cocóspera and the Altar formations may indicate that a Laramide tectonic front extended from north-central Sonora to the Caborca region and whose trace may correspond to a westward extension of the San Antonio fault.

Evaluation of reversible interconversion in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography using enantioselective columns in first and second dimensions.

PubMed

Kröger, Sabrina; Wong, Yong Foo; Chin, Sung-Tong; Grant, Jacob; Lupton, David; Marriott, Philip J

2015-07-24

The reversible molecular interconversion behaviour of a synthesised oxime (2-phenylpropanaldehyde oxime; (C6H5)CH(CH3)CHN(OH)) was investigated by both, single dimensional gas chromatography (1D GC) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC). Previous studies on small molecular weight oximes were extended to this larger aromatic oxime (molar mass 149.19gmol(-1)) with interest in the extent of interconversion, enantioselective resolution, and retention time. On a polyethylene glycol (PEG; wax-type) column, a characteristic interconversion zone between two antipodes of E and Z isomers was formed by molecules which have undergone isomerisation on the column (E⇌Z). The extent of interconversion was investigated by varying chromatographic conditions (oven temperature and carrier flow rate) to understand the nature of the behaviour observed. The extent of interconversion was negligible in both enantioselective and methyl-phenylpolysiloxane phase-columns, correlating with the low polarity of the stationary phase. In order to obtain isomerisation along with enantio-resolution, a wax-type and an enantioselective column were coupled in either enantioselective-wax or wax-enantioselective order. The most appropriate column arrangement was selected for study by using a GC×GC experiment with either a wax-phase or phenyl-methylpolysiloxane phase as (2)D column. In addition to evaluation of these fast elution columns, a long narrow-bore enantioselective column (10m) was introduced as (2)D, providing an enantioselective-PEG (coupled-column ensemble: (1)D1+(1)D2)×enantioselective ((2)D) column combination. In this instance, the (1)D1 enantioselective column provides enantiomeric separation of the corresponding enantiomers ((R) and (S)) of (E)- and (Z)-2-phenylpropanaldehyde oxime, followed by E/Z isomerisation in the coupled (1)D2 PEG (reactor) column. The resulting chromatographic interconversion region was modulated and separated into either E/Z isomers (achiral (2)D column) or into the respective (R) and (S) enantiomers of the E/Z isomers when using a (2)D enantioselective column. With this arrangement, the isomers underneath the broad interconversion plateau in 1D elution profiles, including the enantiomers, could be resolved, illuminating salient features and understanding of the molecular reversible process of the interconverting molecules during the chromatographic elution. The two-dimensional patterns (contour plots), resulting from the combination of interconversion process and chiral separation, are discussed phenomenologically. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Experimental study of the stability and flow characteristics of floating liquid columns confined between rotating disks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fowle, A. A.; Soto, L.; Strong, P. F.; Wang, C. A.

1980-01-01

A low Bond number simulation technique was used to establish the stability limits of cylindrical and conical floating liquid columns under conditions of isorotation, equal counter rotation, rotation of one end only, and parallel axis offset. The conditions for resonance in cylindrical liquid columns perturbed by axial, sinusoidal vibration of one end face are also reported. All tests were carried out under isothermal conditions with water and silicone fluids of various viscosities. A technique for the quantitative measurement of stream velocity within a floating, isothermal, liquid column confined between rotatable disks was developed. In the measurement, small, light scattering particles were used as streamline markers in common arrangement, but the capability of the measurement was extended by use of stereopair photography system to provide quantitative data. Results of velocity measurements made under a few selected conditions, which established the precision and accuracy of the technique, are given. The general qualitative features of the isothermal flow patterns under various conditions of end face rotation resulting from both still photography and motion pictures are presented.

Columnar Transitions in Microscale Evaporating Liquid Jets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hunter, Hanif; Glezer, Ari

2007-11-01

Microscale evaporating liquid jets that are injected into a quiescent gaseous medium having adjustable ambient pressure are investigated over a range of jet speeds using a shadowgraph technique. The jets are formed by a laser-drilled 10 μm nozzle from a small-scale pressurized reservoir, and sub-atmospheric ambient pressure is maintained using a controllable, metered Venturi pump. The near-field jet features are captured by shadowgraph imaging using a pulsed ND-Yag laser and a 12 bit CCD camera where the field of view measured 200 μm on the side. As the ambient pressure is reduced, the jet column undergoes a series of spectacular transitions that are first marked by the appearance of vapor bubbles within the jet column. The transitions progress from columnar instabilities to series of column bifurcations to high-order branching and film formation and culminate in conical atomization of the jet column. In addition to the effects of the ambient pressure, the present investigation also considers effects of the liquid surface tension and vapor pressure on the onset, evolution, and hysteresis of the columnar transitions.

Experimental Research on Seismic Performance of Four-Element Variable Cross-Sectional Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Laced Columns

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ou, Zhijing; Lin, Jianmao; Chen, Shengfu; Lin, Wen

2017-10-01

A total of 7 experimental tests were conducted to investigate seismic performance of four element variable cross-sectional Concrete Filled Steel Tubular (CFST) laced columns. The experimental parameters are longitudinal slope and arrangement type of lacing tubes. The rules on hysteresis loop, ductility, energy expenditure, and stiffness degradation of specimens are researched. Test results indicate that all specimens have good seismic performance; their hysteresis loops are full without obvious shrinkage. With the increase of longitudinal slope, the horizontal carrying capacity increases, energy dissipation capacity improve, and there is slightly increase in stiffness degradation. The influence of arrangement type of lacing tubes on displacement ductility of specimens is big.

Design equations for the assessment and FRP-strengthening of reinforced rectangular concrete columns under combined biaxial bending and axial loads

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alessandri, S.; Monti, G.

2008-05-01

A simple procedure is proposed for the assessment of reinforced rectangular concrete columns under combined biaxial bending and axial loads and for the design of a correct amount of FRP-strengthening for underdesigned concrete sections. Approximate closed-form equations are developed based on the load contour method originally proposed by Bresler for reinforced concrete sections. The 3D failure surface is approximated along its contours, at a constant axial load, by means of equations given as the sum of the acting/resisting moment ratio in the directions of principal axes of the sections, raised to a power depending on the axial load, the steel reinforcement ratio, and the section shape. The method is extended to FRP-strengthened sections. Moreover, to make it possible to apply the load contour method in a more practical way, simple closed-form equations are developed for rectangular reinforced concrete sections with a two-way steel reinforcement and FRP strengthenings on each side. A comparison between the approach proposed and the fiber method (which is considered exact) shows that the simplified equations correctly represent the section interaction diagram.

An introduction to "keeping the 'health' in health communication": a column devoted to interdisciplinary vocabulary.

PubMed

Parrott, Roxanne

2015-01-01

Health communication research and practice often involve interdisciplinary collaborations. These endeavors include vocabularies associated with the different disciplines and backgrounds of the collaborators. This feature will be devoted to providing glossaries to introduce these vocabularies.

Teaming with Technology: "Real" iPad Applications

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ensor, Tami

2012-01-01

This column features essays written by current middle school and high school teachers, media specialists, librarians, literacy coaches, curriculum specialists, administrators, preservice teachers, teacher educators, and adolescent and adult learners. They highlight diverse perspectives on teaching and/or learning with literacies to inspire reader…

Research Summaries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brock, Stephen E., Ed.

2011-01-01

This column features summaries of five research articles relevant to school crisis response. The first, "High School Teachers' Experiences With Suicidal Students," summarized by Robyn Bratica, offers the results of a study examining high school teachers' experiences with suicidal students and suggests that contact with suicidal students is very…

Wilderness Medicine Newsletter, Volume 8.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weber, Holly A., Ed.

1997-01-01

This document consists of the six issues of the "Wilderness Medicine Newsletter" published during 1997. The newsletter provides medical and rescue information for the non-physician in remote wilderness areas. Issues typically include feature articles, conference and training courses schedules, an "Ask the Expert" column, and…

Research Summaries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brock, Stephen E., Ed.

2010-01-01

This column features summaries of research articles from 3 recent crisis management publications. The first, "School Shootings and Counselor Leadership: Four Lessons from the Field" summarized by Kristi Fenning, was conducted as the result of the increased demand for trained crisis personnel on school campuses. Survey participants were…

CDF Reports, 1999.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Byrand, Sherri, Ed.

1999-01-01

These five newsletters comprise volume 20 of "CDF Reports." They discuss concerns related to child advocacy and provide information on problems in children's lives in the United States. Regular features include the editorial column "A Voice for Children"; a status report on federal legislation related to children; descriptions…

ON ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY (PERSONAL COLUMN)

EPA Science Inventory

The use of energy is a major and desirable feature of modern human existence, but it has significant impact on the planetary environment. It is, therefore, an important issue in the quest for sustainability. The search for viable policies leading to energy sustainability falls ...

The Mean Metal-line Absorption Spectrum of Damped Ly α Systems in BOSS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mas-Ribas, Lluís; Miralda-Escudé, Jordi; Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi

We study the mean absorption spectrum of the Damped Ly α (DLA) population at z ∼ 2.6 by stacking normalized, rest-frame-shifted spectra of ∼27,000 DLA systems from the DR12 of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS)/SDSS-III. We measure the equivalent widths of 50 individual metal absorption lines in five intervals of DLA hydrogen column density, five intervals of DLA redshift, and overall mean equivalent widths for an additional 13 absorption features from groups of strongly blended lines. The mean equivalent width of low-ionization lines increases with N {sub H} {sub i}, whereas for high-ionization lines the increase is much weaker.more » The mean metal line equivalent widths decrease by a factor ∼1.1–1.5 from z ∼ 2.1 to z ∼ 3.5, with small or no differences between low- and high-ionization species. We develop a theoretical model, inspired by the presence of multiple absorption components observed in high-resolution spectra, to infer mean metal column densities from the equivalent widths of partially saturated metal lines. We apply this model to 14 low-ionization species and to Al iii, S iii, Si iii, C iv, Si iv, N v, and O vi. We use an approximate derivation for separating the equivalent width contributions of several lines to blended absorption features, and infer mean equivalent widths and column densities from lines of the additional species N i, Zn ii, C ii*, Fe iii, and S iv. Several of these mean column densities of metal lines in DLAs are obtained for the first time; their values generally agree with measurements of individual DLAs from high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectra when they are available.« less

Cryogenic focussing, ohmically heated on-column trap

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Springston, Stephen R.

1991-01-01

A procedure is described for depositing a conductive layer of gold on the exterior of a fused-silica capillary used in gas chromatography. By subjecting a section of the column near the inlet to a thermal cycle of cryogenic cooling and ohmic heating, volatile samples are concentrated and subsequently injected. The performance of this trap as a chromatographic injector is demonstrated. Several additional applications are suggested and the unique properties of this device are discussed.

Features of the adsoprtion of naproxen on the chiral stationary phase (S,S)-Whelk-O1 under reversed-phase conditions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Asnin, Leonid; Gritti, Fabrice; Kaczmarski, Krzysztof

Using elution chromatography, we studied the adsorption mechanism of the Naproxen enantiomers on the chiral stationary phase (S,S)-Whelk-O1, from buffered methanol-water solutions. We propose an adsorption mechanism that assumes monolayer adsorption of the more retained enantiomer and the associative adsorption of the less retained one. The effects of the mobile phase composition on the adsorption of Naproxen are discussed. The combination of an elevated column temperature and of the use of an acidic mobile phase led to the degradation of the column and caused a major loss of its separation ability. The use of a moderately acidic mobile phase atmore » temperature slightly above ambient did not produce rapid severe damages but, nevertheless, hampered the experiments and caused a slow gradual deterioration of the column.« less

Empirical relationships among atmospheric variables from rawinsonde and field data as surrogates for AVIRIS measurements: Estimation of regional land surface evapotranspiration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Conel, James E.; Hoover, Gordon; Nolin, Anne; Alley, Ron; Margolis, Jack

1992-01-01

Empirical relationships between variables are ways of securing estimates of quantities difficult to measure by remote sensing methods. The use of empirical functions was explored between: (1) atmospheric column moisture abundance W (gm H2O/cm(sup 2) and surface absolute water vapor density rho(q-bar) (gm H2O/cm(sup 3), with rho density of moist air (gm/cm(sup 3), q-bar specific humidity (gm H2O/gm moist air), and (2) column abundance and surface moisture flux E (gm H2O/(cm(sup 2)sec)) to infer regional evapotranspiration from Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometers (AVIRIS) water vapor mapping data. AVIRIS provides, via analysis of atmospheric water absorption features, estimates of column moisture abundance at very high mapping rate (at approximately 100 km(sup 2)/40 sec) over large areas at 20 m ground resolution.

Rugged large volume injection for sensitive capillary LC-MS environmental monitoring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roberg-Larsen, Hanne; Abele, Silvija; Demir, Deniz; Dzabijeva, Diana; Amundsen, Sunniva F.; Wilson, Steven R.; Bartkevics, Vadims; Lundanes, Elsa

2017-08-01

A rugged and high throughput capillary column (cLC) LC-MS switching platform using large volume injection and on-line automatic filtration and filter back-flush (AFFL) solid phase extraction (SPE) for analysis of environmental water samples with minimal sample preparation is presented. Although narrow columns and on-line sample preparation are used in the platform, high ruggedness is achieved e.g. injection of 100 non-filtrated water samples would did not result in a pressure rise/clogging of the SPE/capillary columns (inner diameter 300 µm). In addition, satisfactory retention time stability and chromatographic resolution were also features of the system. The potential of the platform for environmental water samples was demonstrated with various pharmaceutical products, which had detection limits (LOD) in the 0.05 - 12.5 ng/L range. Between-day and within-day repeatability of selected analytes were < 20% RSD.

BACKSCAT Lidar Simulation Version 3.0: Technical Documentation and Users Guide

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-12-03

Raman Cross Section of Some Simple Gases, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 63:73. 20 Penny, C.M., St. Peters, R.L., and Lapp, M., (1974) Absolute Rotational Raman...of the molecule, and the remaining columns list the relative normalized cross sections for the respective excitation wavelength. The absolute Raman...cross section is obtained by simply multiplying the relative normalized cross section for a molecular species of interest by the absolute cross section

Torrance type of lethal neonatal short-limbed platyspondylic dwarfism.

PubMed

Kaibara, N; Yokoyama, K; Nakano, H

1983-01-01

A rare case of lethal neonatal short-limbed platyspondylic dwarfism is described. Roentgenographic features of this case, distinctly different from those of the classical thanatophoric dysplasia, are indistinguishable from the other three types of short-limbed platyspondylic dwarfism. Histologic features of the cartilage in this case are not very different from those of the Torrance type, but the presence of focal disruption of column formation in this case suggests a wider spectrum for this entity.

Development of a split-flow system for high precision variable sample introduction in supercritical fluid chromatography.

PubMed

Sakai, Miho; Hayakawa, Yoshihiro; Funada, Yasuhiro; Ando, Takashi; Fukusaki, Eiichiro; Bamba, Takeshi

2017-09-15

In this study, we propose a novel variable sample injection system based on full-loop injection, named the split-flow sample introduction system, for application in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). In this system, the mobile phase is split by the differential pressure between two back pressure regulators (BPRs) after full-loop injection suitable for SFC, and this differential pressure determines the introduction rate. Nine compounds with a wide range of characteristics were introduced with high reproducibility and universality, confirming that a robust variable sample injection system was achieved. We also investigated the control factors of our proposed system. Sample introduction was controlled by the ratio between the column-side pressure drops in splitless and split flow, ΔP columnsideinsplitless and ΔP columnsideinsplit , respectively, where ΔP columnsideinsplitless is related to the mobile phase flow rate and composition and the column resistance. When all other conditions are kept constant, increasing the make-up flow induces an additional pressure drop on the column side of the system, which leads to a reduced column-side flow rate, and hence decreased the amount of sample injected, even when the net pressure drop on the column side remains the same. Thus, sample introduction could be highly controlled at low sample introduction rate, regardless of the introduction conditions. This feature is advantageous because, as a control factor, the solvent in the make-up pump is independent of the column-side pressure drop. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Vertebral bending mechanics and xenarthrous morphology in the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus).

PubMed

Oliver, Jillian D; Jones, Katrina E; Hautier, Lionel; Loughry, W J; Pierce, Stephanie E

2016-10-01

The vertebral column has evolved to accommodate the broad range of locomotor pressures found across vertebrate lineages. Xenarthran (armadillos, sloths and anteaters) vertebral columns are characterized by xenarthrous articulations, novel intervertebral articulations located in the posterior trunk that are hypothesized to stiffen the vertebral column to facilitate digging. To determine the degree to which xenarthrous articulations impact vertebral movement, we passively measured compliance and range of motion during ventroflexion, dorsiflexion and lateral bending across the thoracolumbar region of the nine-banded armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus Patterns of bending were compared with changes in vertebral morphology along the column to determine which morphological features best predict intervertebral joint mechanics. We found that compliance was lower in post-diaphragmatic, xenarthrous vertebrae relative to pre-xenarthrous vertebrae in both sagittal and lateral planes of bending. However, we also found that range of motion was higher in this region. These changes in mechanics are correlated with the transition from pre-xenarthrous to xenarthrous vertebrae, as well as with the transition from thoracic to lumbar vertebrae. Our results thus substantiate the hypothesis that xenarthrous articulations stiffen the vertebral column. Additionally, our data suggest that xenarthrous articulations, and their associated enlarged metapophyses, also act to increase the range of motion of the post-diaphragmatic region. We propose that xenarthrous articulations perform the dual role of stiffening the vertebral column and increasing mobility, resulting in passively stable vertebrae that are capable of substantial bending under appropriate loads. © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Jupiter's great red spot revisited. [validity of Taylor column theory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hide, R.

1972-01-01

On the original Taylor column theory of Jupiter's Great Red Spot, the fixed latitude of the Spot is taken to imply that the Taylor column in Jupiter's atmosphere is associated with a disturbance such as a topographic feature of the surface Q underlying the atmosphere. The alternative suggestion that the Taylor column is produced by a solid raft floating at depth in the atmosphere is somewhat easier to reconcile with the approximately 10s difference between the respective rotation periods P sub S and P sub R of the Red Spot and of the radio sources, but it does not account so readily for the fixed latitude of the Spot unless it can be shown that the raft is in stable equilibrium under the north-south components of the dynamical forces, including wind effects, acting upon it. A slight wavering of the upper end of the Taylor column relative to the lower end could account at least in part for the most rapid variations in P sub S, but the slow large-amplitude variations in P sub S must reflect changes in the longitudinal motion of either the surface Q or of the raft. By generalizing the Proudman-Taylor theorem to the case of a non-homogeneous fluid it is shown that the Taylor column theory does not imply very special and therefore unlikely horizontal and vertical temperature variations in Jupiter's atmosphere, thus refuting a widely-held belief to the contrary.

Analysis of packing microstructure and wall effects in a narrow-bore ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography column using focused ion-beam scanning electron microscopy.

PubMed

Reising, Arved E; Schlabach, Sabine; Baranau, Vasili; Stoeckel, Daniela; Tallarek, Ulrich

2017-09-01

Column wall effects are well recognized as major limiting factor in achieving high separation efficiency in HPLC. This is especially important for modern analytical columns packed with small particles, where wall effects dominate the band broadening. Detailed knowledge about the packing microstructure of packed analytical columns has so far not been acquired. Here, we present the first three-dimensional reconstruction protocol for these columns utilizing focused ion-beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) on a commercial 2.1mm inner diameter×50mm length narrow-bore analytical column packed with 1.7μm bridged-ethyl hybrid silica particles. Two sections from the packed bed are chosen for reconstruction by FIB-SEM: one from the bulk packing region of the column and one from its critical wall region. This allows quantification of structural differences between the wall region and the center of the bed due to effects induced by the hard, confining column wall. Consequences of these effects on local flow velocity in the column are analyzed with flow simulations utilizing the lattice-Boltzmann method. The reconstructions of the bed structures reveal significant structural differences in the wall region (extending radially over approximately 62 particle diameters) compared to the center of the column. It includes the local reduction of the external porosity by up to 10% and an increase of the mean particle diameter by up to 3%, resulting in a decrease of the local flow velocity by up to 23%. In addition, four (more ordered) layers of particles in the direct vicinity of the column wall induce local velocity fluctuations by up to a factor of three regarding the involved velocity amplitudes. These observations highlight the impact of radial variations in packing microstructure on band migration and column performance. This knowledge on morphological peculiarities of column wall effects helps guiding us towards further optimization of the packing process for analytical HPLC columns. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Non-planar microfabricated gas chromatography column

DOEpatents

Lewis, Patrick R.; Wheeler, David R.

2007-09-25

A non-planar microfabricated gas chromatography column comprises a planar substrate having a plurality of through holes, a top lid and a bottom lid bonded to opposite surfaces of the planar substrate, and inlet and outlet ports for injection of a sample gas and elution of separated analytes. A plurality of such planar substrates can be aligned and stacked to provide a longer column length having a small footprint. Furthermore, two or more separate channels can enable multi-channel or multi-dimensional gas chromatography. The through holes preferably have a circular cross section and can be coated with a stationary phase material or packed with a porous packing material. Importantly, uniform stationary phase coatings can be obtained and band broadening can be minimized with the circular channels. A heating or cooling element can be disposed on at least one of the lids to enable temperature programming of the column.

Liquid Acquisition Device Hydrogen Outflow Testing on the Cryogenic Propellant Storage and Transfer Engineering Design Unit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zimmerli, Greg; Statham, Geoff; Garces, Rachel; Cartagena, Will

2015-01-01

As part of the NASA Cryogenic Propellant Storage and Transfer (CPST) Engineering Design Unit (EDU) testing with liquid hydrogen, screen-channel liquid acquisition devices (LADs) were tested during liquid hydrogen outflow from the EDU tank. A stainless steel screen mesh (325x2300 Dutch T will weave) was welded to a rectangular cross-section channel to form the basic LAD channel. Three LAD channels were tested, each having unique variations in the basic design. The LADs fed a common outflow sump at the aft end of the 151 cu. ft. volume aluminum tank, and included a curved section along the aft end and a straight section along the barrel section of the tank. Wet-dry sensors were mounted inside the LAD channels to detect when vapor was ingested into the LADs during outflow. The use of warm helium pressurant during liquid hydrogen outflow, supplied through a diffuser at the top of the tank, always led to early breakdown of the liquid column. When the tank was pressurized through an aft diffuser, resulting in cold helium in the ullage, LAD column hold-times as long as 60 minutes were achieved, which was the longest duration tested. The highest liquid column height at breakdown was 58 cm, which is 23 less than the isothermal bubble-point model value of 75 cm. This paper discusses details of the design, construction, operation and analysis of LAD test data from the CPST EDU liquid hydrogen test.

CDF Reports, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clevenger, Sydney Stephenson, Ed.

1997-01-01

These 13 issues of the Children's Defense Fund Report from 1997 discuss concerns related to child advocacy and provide information on problems in children's lives in the United States. Regular features include the editorial column "A Voice for Children," a status report on federal legislation related to children, descriptions of…

CDF Reports, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Byrand, Sherri

1998-01-01

These 11 issues discuss concerns related to child advocacy and provide information on problems in children's lives in the United States. Regular features include the editorial column "A Voice for Children," a status report on federal legislation related to children, descriptions of Children's Defense Fund activities, news from the Black…

Breaking through and Moving beyond the Language Barrier

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Franks, Libby

2012-01-01

This column features essays written by current middle school and high school teachers, media specialists, librarians, literacy coaches, curriculum specialists, administrators, preservice teachers, teacher educators, and adolescent and adult learners. They highlight diverse perspectives on teaching and/or learning with literacies to inspire reader…

Improvements in sparse matrix operations of NASTRAN

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harano, S.

1980-01-01

A "nontransmit" packing routine was added to NASTRAN to allow matrix data to be refered to directly from the input/output buffer. Use of the packing routine permits various routines for matrix handling to perform a direct reference to the input/output buffer if data addresses have once been received. The packing routine offers a buffer by buffer backspace feature for efficient backspacing in sequential access. Unlike a conventional backspacing that needs twice back record for a single read of one record (one column), this feature omits overlapping of READ operation and back record. It eliminates the necessity of writing, in decomposition of a symmetric matrix, of a portion of the matrix to its upper triangular matrix from the last to the first columns of the symmetric matrix, thus saving time for generating the upper triangular matrix. Only a lower triangular matrix must be written onto the secondary storage device, bringing 10 to 30% reduction in use of the disk space of the storage device.

Ca II and Na I absorption in the QSO S4 0248 + 430 due to an intervening galaxy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Womble, Donna S.; Junkkarinen, Vesa T.; Cohen, Ross D.; Burbidge, E. Margaret

1990-01-01

Observations of the QSO S4 0248 + 430 and a nearby anonymous galaxy are presented. Two absorption components are found in both Ca II H and K and Na I D1 and D2 at z(a) = 0.0515, 0.0523. Column densities of log N(Ca II) = 13.29, 13.50, and log N(Na I) = 13.79, 14.18 are found for z(a) = 0.0515, 0.0523 absorption systems, respectively. The column density ratios imply considerable calcium depletion and disk-type absorbing gas. At least one and possibly both absorption components are produced by high-velocity gas. A broadband image of the field shows an asymmetrical armlike feature or possible tidal tail covering and extending past the position of the QSO. The presence of this extended feature and the apparent difference between the absorption velocities and galaxy rotation velocity suggest that the absorbing gas is not ordinary disk gas, but rather is a result of tidal disruption.

View of Hudson & Manhattan Tunnel in Section C showing ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View of Hudson & Manhattan Tunnel in Section C showing one of World Trade Center 2's column bases used to support Hudson & Manhattan Tube across site, looking east. (BH) - World Trade Center Site, Bounded by Vesey, Church, Liberty Streets, & Route 9A, New York County, NY

12 CFR Appendix A to Part 1024 - Instructions for Completing HUD-1 and HUD-1a Settlement Statements; Sample HUD-1 and HUD-1a...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... lines are provided in section L for any additional settlement charges. Blank lines are also provided for additional insertions in sections J and K. The names of the recipients of the settlement charges in section L... blank lines. Lines and columns in section J which relate to the Borrower's transaction may be left blank...

12 CFR Appendix A to Part 1024 - Instructions for Completing HUD-1 and HUD-1A Settlement Statements; Sample HUD-1 and HUD-1A...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... lines are provided in section L for any additional settlement charges. Blank lines are also provided for additional insertions in sections J and K. The names of the recipients of the settlement charges in section L... blank lines. Lines and columns in section J which relate to the Borrower's transaction may be left blank...

Modeling the Oxygen K Absorption in the Interstellar Medium: An XMM-Newton View of Sco X-1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Garcia, J.; Ramirez, J. M.; Kallman, T. R.; Witthoeft, M.; Bautista, M. A.; Mendoza, C.; Palmeri, P.; Quinet, P.

2011-01-01

We investigate the absorption structure of the oxygen in the interstellar medium by analyzing XMM-Newton observations of the low mass X-ray binary Sco X-1. We use simple models based on the O I atomic cross section from different sources to fit the data and evaluate the impact of the atomic data in the interpretation of astrophysical observations. We show that relatively small differences in the atomic calculations can yield spurious results. We also show that the most complete and accurate set of atomic cross sections successfully reproduce the observed data in the 21 - 24.5 Angstrom wavelength region of the spectrum. Our fits indicate that the absorption is mainly due to neutral gas with an ionization parameter of Epsilon = 10(exp -4) erg/sq cm, and an oxygen column density of N(sub O) approx. = 8-10 x 10(exp 17)/sq cm. Our models are able to reproduce both the K edge and the K(alpha) absorption line from O I, which are the two main features in this region. We find no conclusive evidence for absorption by other than atomic oxygen.

Ultimate strength capacity of a square hollow section filled with fibrous foamed concrete

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amirah Azra Khairuddin, Siti; Rahman, Norashidah Abd; Jamaluddin, Norwati; Jaini, Zainorizuan Mohd; Ali, Noorwirdawati

2017-11-01

Concrete-filled sections used as building columns have become popular due to their architectural and structural elements. In recent years, there has been a renewed call for the improvement of materials used as concrete to fill the composite columns. Among these materials, foamed concrete has received great attention due to its structural characteristics and its potential as a construction material used in hollow sections. However, its behaviors as infill material in a hollow section, such as its strength and failure mode, should be investigated. In this study, experimental research was conducted to compare the experimental and theoretical values of its ultimate strength capacity. Eight specimens of hollow steel sections with two different thicknesses were filled with fibrous foamed concrete and then subjected to compression load. The obtained results were compared with those obtained from a hollow section with the same thicknesses, but were filled with normal foamed concrete. Results show that the ultimate strength capacity of the experimental value is the same as that of the theoretical value based on Eurocode 4. The largest percentage values between theoretical and experimental results for thicknesses of 2 and 4 mm are 58% and 55%, respectively.

Altered Nitrogenous Pools Induced by the Azolla-Anabaena Azolla Symbiosis

PubMed Central

Newton, Jack W.; Cavins, James F.

1976-01-01

The free amino acid and ammonia pools of Azolla caroliniana were analyzed by quantitative column chromatography on columns capable of separating all of the nitrogenous constituents normally found in physiological fluids. Comparisons were made of plants containing symbiotic algae and grown on nitrogen-free media, plants grown on media containing nitrate, and algae-free plants also grown on nitrate media. The major feature of the data was a very high level of intracellular ammonia found in plants which contain N2-fixing algal symbionts. In addition to the more usual amino acids, serine and cystathionine were found in the free amino acid pool. PMID:16659770

Excitatory signal flow and connectivity in a cortical column: focus on barrel cortex.

PubMed

Lübke, Joachim; Feldmeyer, Dirk

2007-07-01

A basic feature of the neocortex is its organization in functional, vertically oriented columns, recurring modules of signal processing and a system of transcolumnar long-range horizontal connections. These columns, together with their network of neurons, present in all sensory cortices, are the cellular substrate for sensory perception in the brain. Cortical columns contain thousands of neurons and span all cortical layers. They receive input from other cortical areas and subcortical brain regions and in turn their neurons provide output to various areas of the brain. The modular concept presumes that the neuronal network in a cortical column performs basic signal transformations, which are then integrated with the activity in other networks and more extended brain areas. To understand how sensory signals from the periphery are transformed into electrical activity in the neocortex it is essential to elucidate the spatial-temporal dynamics of cortical signal processing and the underlying neuronal 'microcircuits'. In the last decade the 'barrel' field in the rodent somatosensory cortex, which processes sensory information arriving from the mysticial vibrissae, has become a quite attractive model system because here the columnar structure is clearly visible. In the neocortex and in particular the barrel cortex, numerous neuronal connections within or between cortical layers have been studied both at the functional and structural level. Besides similarities, clear differences with respect to both physiology and morphology of synaptic transmission and connectivity were found. It is therefore necessary to investigate each neuronal connection individually, in order to develop a realistic model of neuronal connectivity and organization of a cortical column. This review attempts to summarize recent advances in the study of individual microcircuits and their functional relevance within the framework of a cortical column, with emphasis on excitatory signal flow.

IRS Spectral Maps of Photoevaporative Columns in M16, Carina, and the Galactic Center

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cotera, Angela; Healy, Kevin; Hester, Jeff; Sellgren, Kris; Simpson, Janet; Stolovy, Susan

2008-03-01

Photoevaporated columns of dust and gas - also called elephant trunks, pillars or fingers - are found in the periphery of H II regions, and have been observed within the Galaxy, the SMC and the LMC. These features are sites of current star formation, but the question remains whether the columns persist because stars formed in the denser regions prior to interactions with the UV radiation and stellar winds of nearby massive stars, or because of core collapse resulting from these interactions. Mapping the distribution of the physical states of the dust and gas in these columns is a necessary step towards understanding the possible star formation mechanisms within these dynamic objects. We propose to obtain IRS spectral maps of columns within M 16, the Carina nebula, and the Galactic center (GC) to understand the effects on these pillars from different stellar populations and initial conditions, and to better understand star formation in the GC. Within the spectral range of the high resolution IRS modes (9.9-37.2 micron) there are a wealth of molecular, atomic and PAH emission lines that will enable us to determine the excitation state, dust and gas temperatures, and probe the shock characteristics within the columns. Using the IRS spectral mapping mode, in conjunction with the CUBISM tool and the CLOUDY H II region model code, we will be able to construct detailed maps of the accessible emission lines and derived parameters for each column. IRS mapping of elephant trunks has not been done to date, yet provides a wealth of information unobtainable for the foreseeable future once Cycle 5 is completed.

The Influence of the Heat-Affected Zone Mechanical Properties on the Behaviour of the Welding in Transverse Plate-to-Tube Joints.

PubMed

Lozano, Miguel; Serrano, Miguel A; López-Colina, Carlos; Gayarre, Fernando L; Suárez, Jesús

2018-02-09

Eurocode 3 establishes the component method to analytically characterize the structural joints between beam and columns. When one of the members involved in the joint is a hollow section (i.e., a tube) there is a lack of information for the specific components present in the joint. There are two different ways to bridge the gap: experimental testing on the actual beam column joints involving tubular sections; or numerical modelization, typically by means of finite element analysis. For this second option, it is necessary to know the actual mechanical properties of the material. As long as the joint implies a welding process, there is a concern related to how the mechanical properties in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) influence the behavior of the joint. In this work, some coupons were extracted from the HAZ of the beam-column joint. The coupons were tested and the results were implemented in the numerical model of the joint, in an attempt to bring it closer to the experimental results of the tested joints.

Experimental behaviour of beam-column connection using cold-formed steel sections with rectangular gusset-plate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aminuddin, K. M.; Saggaff, Anis; Tahir, Mahmood Md

2017-11-01

Beam-to-column connections setting up as isolated joint of cold-formed steel sections were tested up to failure. This experiment was conducted to observe the behaviour of connection in term of strength, stiffness and ductility. The type of connection used was rectangular gusset plate which stiffen the beam-to-column connection. The behaviour of the proposed connection was expressed with Moment-Rotation curves plotted from the experiment test results. The capacity of connections on this research were done in two ways: theoretical calculation by adopting Eurocode 3 BS EN 1993-1-8:2005 and experimental test results. The theoretical calculation of the moment capacit y of the proposed connection has found (Mj) to be 10.78 kNm with joint stiffness (Sj) amount to 458.53 kNm/rad. The experimental test results has recorded that the Moment capacity (Mj) of 15.68 kNm with joint stiffness (Sj) of 1948.06 kNm/rad. The moment ratio of theoretical to experimental amount to 0.69. The joint stiffness ratio of theoretical to experimental amount to 0.24.

Spatial and temporal variation of papyrus root mat thickness and water storage in a tropical wetland system.

PubMed

Kayendeke, Ellen Jessica; Kansiime, Frank; French, Helen K; Bamutaze, Yazidhi

2018-06-18

Papyrus wetlands are predominant in permanently inundated areas of tropical Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) and offer both provisioning and regulatory services. Although a wealth of literature exists on wetland functions, the seasonal behaviour of the papyrus mat and function in water storage has received less attention. The objective of this study was to assess the response of the papyrus root mat to changing water levels in a tropical wetland system in Eastern Uganda. We delineated seven transects through a section of a wetland system and mapped wetland bathymetry along these transects. We used three transects to measure spatial and temporal changes in mat thickness and free water column, and to monitor variations in total depth during two seasons. The free water column increased across all transects in the wet season. However, changes in the mat thickness varied spatially and were influenced by the rate of increase of the free water column as well as wetland bathymetry. The proportion of mat compression was higher at the shallow end of the wetland (83%) compared to the deep end (67%). There was a significant negative correlation between changes in free water column and papyrus mat thickness (r = -0.85, p = 000). Therefore, the mat compresses in response to increase in free water column, which increases the ratio of the free water column to root mat thickness. Hence, the wetland accommodates excess water during rainy seasons. Water depth varied from 1.5 m to 2.1 m during the monitoring period, corresponding to a water storage of 61,597 m 3 and 123,355 m 3 respectively. This means a 50% change in water volume for the studied wetland section. This water regulatory function mitigates severity of floods downstream, but the stored water is also useful to the surrounding communities for wetland-edge farm irrigation during dry seasons. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Teaching through Trade Books: Teaming Up

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Royce, Christine Anne

2017-01-01

This column includes activities inspired by children's literature. This month's trade books teach students about external and internal structures that allow animals and humans to survive. This months trade books are: (1) "Creature Features" (Steve Jenkins and Robin Page); and (2) "Body Actions" (Shelley Rotner and David A.…

The Body and Other Demons

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Acaron, Thania

2011-01-01

"Perspectives" is a special feature included in this issue of the Journal of Creativity in Mental Health. It provides mental health professionals with an opportunity to discuss their positions on a variety of creativity-related topics. In this column, Thania Acaron, board-certified dance/movement therapist, dancer, educator, and curriculum…

Featuring: It Works! Competency Based Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Elston, Teri

1979-01-01

Describes a competency based curriculum approach for ornamental horticulture. A horticulture cluster core consisting of 18 tasks was developed with competency sheets for each task. The competency sheet contains six columns: skills to be attained, task list, materials required, student activities, evaluation methods, and a recommended time period.…

Photoionization of the Fe lons: Structure of the K-Edge

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Palmeri, P.; Mendoza, C.; Kallman, T.; Bautista, M.; White, Nicholas E. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

X-ray absorption and emission features arising from the inner-shell transitions in iron are of practical importance in astrophysics due to the Fe cosmic abundance and to the absence of traits from other elements in the nearby spectrum. As a result, the strengths and energies of such features can constrain the ionization stage, elemental abundance, and column density of the gas in the vicinity of the exotic cosmic objects, e.g. active galactic nuclei (AGN) and galactic black hole candidates. Although the observational technology in X-ray astronomy is still evolving and currently lacks high spectroscopic resolution, the astrophysical models have been based on atomic calculations that predict a sudden and high step-like increase of the cross section at the K-shell threshold (see for instance. New Breit-Pauli R-matrix calculations of the photoionization cross section of the ground states of Fe XVII in the region near the K threshold are presented. They strongly support the view that the previously assumed sharp edge behaviour is not correct. The latter has been caused by the neglect of spectator Auger channels in the decay of the resonances converging to the K threshold. These decay channels include the dominant KLL channels and give rise to constant widths (independent of n). As a consequence, these series display damped Lorentzian components that rapidly blend to impose continuity at threshold, thus reformatting the previously held picture of the edge. Apparent broadened iron edges detected in the spectra of AGN and galactic black hole candidates seem to indicate that these quantum effects may be at least partially responsible for the observed broadening.

Dissolved Rare Earth Elements in the US GEOTRACES North Atlantic Section

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shiller, A. M.

2016-12-01

The rare earth elements (REEs) are a unique chemical set wherein there are systematic changes in geochemical behavior across the series. Furthermore, while most REEs are in the +III oxidation state, Ce and Eu can be in other oxidation states leading to distinct characteristics of those elements. Thus, the geochemical properties of the REEs make them particularly useful tools for inquiring into various geochemical processes. As part of the US GEOTRACES effort, we determined dissolved REEs and Y at 32 stations across the North Atlantic during US cruises GT10 and GT11 along a meridional transect from Lisbon to the Cape Verde Islands and a zonal transect from Cape Cod to the Mauritanian coast. While profiles are similar to previous reports, the high spatial resolution of the section allows for better elucidation of processes. Light rare earths (LREEs) show removal in the upper water column with a minimum at the chlorophyll maximum. LREE concentrations then increase into the oxygen minimum followed by a slight decrease and fairly constant concentrations in the mid-water column followed by an increase into the deep and bottom waters. Heavy rare earths (HREEs) show a more monotonic increase with depth. We also take advantage of a previously published water mass analysis for the section to estimate that most of the deep water changes can be explained by conservative mixing of waters with different pre-formed REE concentrations. Nonetheless, the pattern of LREE shallow water removal followed by regeneration, possible re-scavenging, and then deep water input is still preserved. Other features of note include an increase in LREEs in the strong oxygen minimum zone off Mauritania, consistent with an association of REE cycling with the redox cycles of Fe and Mn. Also along the eastern margin, but below the oxygen minimum, a small but distinct increase in the cerium and europium anomalies is observed, consistent with terrigenous input. In hydrothermally influenced waters along the mid-Atlantic Ridge, there are increases in Ce/Ce*, Eu/Eu*, and Y/Ho but a decrease in Nd/Yb and in REE concentrations. Surface water distributions are more consistent with elements influenced by margin inputs than with atmospheric input.

Peruvian upwelling plankton respiration: calculations of carbon flux, nutrient retention efficiency, and heterotrophic energy production

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Packard, T. T.; Osma, N.; Fernández-Urruzola, I.; Codispoti, L. A.; Christensen, J. P.; Gómez, M.

2015-05-01

Oceanic depth profiles of plankton respiration are described by a power function, RCO2 = (RCO2)0 (z/z0)b, similar to the vertical carbon flux profile. Furthermore, because both ocean processes are closely related, conceptually and mathematically, each can be calculated from the other. The exponent b, always negative, defines the maximum curvature of the respiration-depth profile and controls the carbon flux. When |b| is large, the carbon flux (FC) from the epipelagic ocean is low and the nutrient retention efficiency (NRE) is high, allowing these waters to maintain high productivity. The opposite occurs when |b| is small. This means that the attenuation of respiration in ocean water columns is critical in understanding and predicting both vertical FC as well as the capacity of epipelagic ecosystems to retain their nutrients. The ratio of seawater RCO2 to incoming FC is the NRE, a new metric that represents nutrient regeneration in a seawater layer in reference to the nutrients introduced into that layer via FC. A depth profile of FC is the integral of water column respiration. This relationship facilitates calculating ocean sections of FC from water column respiration. In an FC section and in a NRE section across the Peruvian upwelling system we found an FC maximum and a NRE minimum extending down to 400 m, 50 km off the Peruvian coast over the upper part of the continental slope. Finally, considering the coupling between respiratory electron transport system activity and heterotrophic oxidative phosphorylation promoted the calculation of an ocean section of heterotrophic energy production (HEP). It ranged from 250 to 500 J d-1 m-3 in the euphotic zone to less than 5 J d-1 m-3 below 200 m on this ocean section.

Changes in the pore network structure of Hanford sediment after reaction with caustic tank wastes.

PubMed

Crandell, L E; Peters, C A; Um, W; Jones, K W; Lindquist, W B

2012-04-01

At the former nuclear weapon production site in Hanford, WA, caustic radioactive tank waste leaks into subsurface sediments and causes dissolution of quartz and aluminosilicate minerals, and precipitation of sodalite and cancrinite. This work examines changes in pore structure due to these reactions in a previously-conducted column experiment. The column was sectioned and 2D images of the pore space were generated using backscattered electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. A pre-precipitation scenario was created by digitally removing mineral matter identified as secondary precipitates. Porosity, determined by segmenting the images to distinguish pore space from mineral matter, was up to 0.11 less after reaction. Erosion-dilation analysis was used to compute pore and throat size distributions. Images with precipitation had more small and fewer large pores. Precipitation decreased throat sizes and the abundance of large throats. These findings agree with previous findings based on 3D X-ray CMT imaging, observing decreased porosity, clogging of small throats, and little change in large throats. However, 2D imaging found an increase in small pores, mainly in intragranular regions or below the resolution of the 3D images. Also, an increase in large pores observed via 3D imaging was not observed in the 2D analysis. Changes in flow conducting throats that are the key permeability-controlling features were observed in both methods. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Functional morphology of the primate head and neck.

PubMed

Nalley, Thierra K; Grider-Potter, Neysa

2015-04-01

The vertebral column plays a key role in maintaining posture, locomotion, and transmitting loads between body components. Cervical vertebrae act as a bridge between the torso and head and play a crucial role in the maintenance of head position and the visual field. Despite its importance in positional behaviors, the functional morphology of the cervical region remains poorly understood, particularly in comparison to the thoracic and lumbar sections of the spinal column. This study tests whether morphological variation in the primate cervical vertebrae correlates with differences in postural behavior. Phylogenetic generalized least-squares analyses were performed on a taxonomically broad sample of 26 extant primate taxa to test the link between vertebral morphology and posture. Kinematic data on primate head and neck postures were used instead of behavioral categories in an effort to provide a more direct analysis of our functional hypothesis. Results provide evidence for a function-form link between cervical vertebral shape and postural behaviors. Specifically, taxa with more pronograde heads and necks and less kyphotic orbits exhibit cervical vertebrae with longer spinous processes, indicating increased mechanical advantage for deep nuchal musculature, and craniocaudally longer vertebral bodies and more coronally oriented zygapophyseal articular facets, suggesting an emphasis on curve formation and maintenance within the cervical lordosis, coupled with a greater resistance to translation and ventral displacement. These results not only document support for functional relationships in cervical vertebrae features across a wide range of primate taxa, but highlight the utility of quantitative behavioral data in functional investigations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

TDP-43 and ubiquitinated cytoplasmic aggregates in sporadic ALS are low frequency and widely distributed in the lower motor neuron columns independent of disease spread

PubMed Central

Bodansky, Aaron; Kim, Jae Mun ‘Hugo’; Tempest, Lynne; Velagapudi, Amit; Libby, Ryan; Ravits, John

2010-01-01

Abstract Ubiqitinated and TDP-43 immunoreactive cytoplasmic aggregates are hallmark features of ALS molecular pathology. Since clinically most ALS begins focally and advances contiguously, it is important to characterize their distribution. Our objective was to determine the extent and distribution of TDP-43 immunoreactive aggregates in the lower motor neuron columns as a function of disease onset, and to correlate ubiquitinated with TDP-43 aggregates in the lumbar region. We examined TDP-43 cytoplasmic aggregates at four separate neuraxis levels – hypoglossal nucleus and cervical, thoracic, and lumbar anterior horns – in five controls and 20 sporadic ALS nervous systems from patients whose disease began in various sites, i.e. five bulbar, five arm, five trunk, and five leg onsets. We correlated ubiquitinated to TDP-43 aggregates on adjacent histological sections for the lumbar regions. We found that TDP-43 cytoplasmic aggregates are seen in about 8% of motor neurons but there is marked variability between nervous systems, ranging from 0.4% to 20.6%. The aggregates are uniformly distributed within individual nervous systems. There is no obvious correlation between site of disease onset and rate of spread. Almost all ubiquitinated aggregates correlate to TDP-43 aggregates. Thus, TDP-43 immunoreactive cytoplasmic aggregates have a low overall average frequency that does not correlate with either disease course or clinical spread and is the prime ubiquitinated protein. PMID:20225928

The orientation of the cervical vertebral column in unrestrained awake animals. I. Resting position.

PubMed

Vidal, P P; Graf, W; Berthoz, A

1986-01-01

The orientation of the cervical vertebral column was studied by X-ray photography of the region containing the head and the neck in nine unrestrained species of vertebrates (man, monkey, cat, rabbit, guinea pig, rat, chicken, frog, lizard). In addition, the orientation of the horizontal semicircular canals was measured in four species using landmarks on the skull. In all vertebrates studied, with the exception of frog and lizard, the general orientation of the cervical vertebral column was vertical when animals were at rest, and not horizontal or oblique as suggested by the macroscopic appearance of the neck. The posture of the animal, whether lying, sitting or standing, had little effect on this general vertical orientation, although some variability was noticed depending on the species. This finding prompted the definition of a resting zone, where the cervical column can take any orientation within a narrow range around a mean position. The cervical vertebral column composes part of the S-shaped structure of the entire vertebral column, with one inflection around the cervico-thoracic (C7/Th1) junction. This feature is already noticable in the lizard. The vertical orientation of the cervical vertebral column is interpreted to provide a stable and energy saving balance of the head. Furthermore, when the head is lowered or raised, the atlanto-occipital and cervico-thoracic junctions are predominantly involved, while the entire cervical column largely preserves its intrinsic configuration. The curved configuration of the cervico-thoracic vertebral column embedded in long spring-like muscles is interpreted to function as a shock absorber. At rest, animals did not hold their heads with the horizontal canals oriented earth horizontally all the time, but often maintained them pitched up by ca. 5 deg, as has been reported for man. At other times, presumably when the vigilance level increased, the horizontal canals were brought into the earth horizontal plane. The vertical orientation of the cervical column results in a vertical positioning of the odontoid process of the axis (second cervical vertebra, C2), which thus provides the axis of rotation for yaw movements of the head. This axis corresponds to that of the horizontal semicircular canals. The vertical organization of the cervical vertebral column in birds and mammals, whether the animal is quadrupedal or bipedal, points to a common organizational principle for eye and head movement systems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Laboratory tools to quantify biogenic dissolution of rocks and minerals: a model rock biofilm growing in percolation columns

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seiffert, Franz; Bandow, Nicole; Kalbe, Ute; Milke, Ralf; Gorbushina, Anna

2016-04-01

Sub-aerial biofilms (SAB) are ubiquitous, self-sufficient microbial ecosystems found on mineral surfaces at all altitudes and latitudes. SABs, which are the principal causes of weathering on exposed terrestrial surfaces, are characterised by patchy growth dominated by associations of algae, cyanobacteria, fungi and heterotrophic bacteria. A recently developed in vitro system to study colonisation of rocks exposed to air included two key SAB participants - the rock-inhabiting ascomycete Knufia petricola (CBS 123872) and the phototrophic cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme ATCC29133. Both partners are genetically tractable and we used them here to study weathering of granite, K-feldspar and plagioclase. Small fragments of the various rocks or minerals (1 to 6 mm) were packed into flow-through columns and incubated with 0.1% glucose and 10 µM thiamine-hydrochloride (90 µL.min-1) to compare weathering with and without biofilms. Dissolution of the minerals was followed by: analysing (i) the degradation products in the effluent from the columns via Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy and (ii) by studying polished sections of the incubated mineral fragment/grains using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analyses. K. petricola/N. punctiforme stimulated release of Ca, Na, Mg and Mn. Analyses of the polished sections confirmed depletion of Ca, Na and K near the surface of the fragments. The abrupt decrease in Ca concentration observed in peripheral areas of plagioclase fragments favoured a dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism. Percolation columns in combination with a model biofilm can thus be used to study weathering in closed systems. Columns can easily be filled with different minerals and biofilms, the effluent as well as grains can be collected after long-term exposure under axenic conditions and easily analysed.

Resonant Column Tests and Nonlinear Elasticity in Simulated Rocks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sebastian, Resmi; Sitharam, T. G.

2018-01-01

Rocks are generally regarded as linearly elastic even though the manifestations of nonlinearity are prominent. The variations of elastic constants with varying strain levels and stress conditions, disagreement between static and dynamic moduli, etc., are some of the examples of nonlinear elasticity in rocks. The grain-to-grain contact, presence of pores and joints along with other compliant features induce the nonlinear behavior in rocks. The nonlinear elastic behavior of rocks is demonstrated through resonant column tests and numerical simulations in this paper. Resonant column tests on intact and jointed gypsum samples across varying strain levels have been performed in laboratory and using numerical simulations. The paper shows the application of resonant column apparatus to obtain the wave velocities of stiff samples at various strain levels under long wavelength condition, after performing checks and incorporating corrections to the obtained resonant frequencies. The numerical simulation and validation of the resonant column tests using distinct element method are presented. The stiffness reductions of testing samples under torsional and flexural vibrations with increasing strain levels have been analyzed. The nonlinear elastic behavior of rocks is reflected in the results, which is enhanced by the presence of joints. The significance of joint orientation and influence of joint spacing during wave propagation have also been assessed and presented using the numerical simulations. It has been found that rock joints also exhibit nonlinear behavior within the elastic limit.

Experimental and numerical analysis of web stiffened cold-formed steel channel column with various types of edge stiffener

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manikandan, P.; Balaji, S.; Sukumar, S.; Sivakumar, M.

2017-06-01

This paper presents the strength and behaviour of web stiffened cold formed steel channel column with various types of edge stiffener under axial compression. An accurate finite element model is developed to simulate the tests results of the proposed section. The finite element model is verified by the test results and good correlation is achieved. The failure modes local, distortional, flexural buckling as well as the interaction between these modes is found in this study. The column strength predicted from the parametric study is compared with the nominal strength calculated by using the direct strength method for cold formed steel members. The reliability of this method is evaluated and suitable modification factor is proposed.

23. VIEW OF SECTION DRAWINGS. THE SECTION LINES FOR AA ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

23. VIEW OF SECTION DRAWINGS. THE SECTION LINES FOR A-A AND C-C CUT THE BUILDING EAST-WEST; SECTION LINE B-B CUTS THE BUILDING NORTH-SOUTH. THE ORIGINAL DRAWING HAS BEEN ARCHIVED ON MICROFILM. THE DRAWING WAS REPRODUCED AT THE BEST QUALITY POSSIBLE. LETTERS AND NUMBERS IN THE CIRCLES INDICATE FOOTER AND/OR COLUMN LOCATIONS. - Rocky Flats Plant, Non-Nuclear Production Facility, South of Cottonwood Avenue, west of Seventh Avenue & east of Building 460, Golden, Jefferson County, CO

Smithsonian Folkways: Resources for World and Folk Music Multimedia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beegle, Amy Christine

2012-01-01

This column describes multimedia resources available to teachers on the Smithsonian Folkways website. In addition to massive collections of audio and video recordings and advanced search tools already available through this website, the Smithsonian Global Sound educational initiative brought detailed lesson plans and interactive features to the…

The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education, 1997-98.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hixson, Adalyn, Ed.

1998-01-01

This document consists of all of Volume 8 (26 issues) of the journal, "The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education," a biweekly journal that addresses issues in higher education for Hispanic Americans. Each issue presents several feature articles, a policy update column called "Outlook on Washington", a description of an exemplary…

The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education, 1998-1999.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hixson, Adalyn, Ed.

1999-01-01

This document consists of all 26 issues of Volume 9 of "The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education," a biweekly journal that addresses issues in higher education for Hispanic Americans. Each issue contains several feature articles, a policy update column called "Outlook on Washington," a description of an exemplary program, and a…

Common Sense and Chemicals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roy, Ken

2010-01-01

This month's column features two true stories about the use of chemicals in the middle school science classroom. The lesson of these stories is simple. Certainly, it is prudent to have age-appropriate experiences in science, given the developmental constraints of students in middle school. On the other hand, when the curriculum necessitates…

The EDUTECH Report, 2002-2003.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Warger, Thomas, Ed.

2003-01-01

This document consists of 12 issues, an entire volume year, of "The EDUTECH Report." The newsletter's purpose is to alert faculty and administrators to issues in educational technology. Each issue contains two feature articles, a page of news briefs, and a question and answer column. Most issues also contain brief quotations on education…

Teaching through Trade Books: Focusing on Earth's Features

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Royce, Christine Anne

2017-01-01

This column includes activities inspired by children's literature. This month's issue shows that allowing students to use both photographs and information presented through technology helps them begin to construct an understanding of landforms and bodies of water and use models to describe these concepts. This months trade books are: (1) "Our…

The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education, 2000-2001.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hixson, Adalyn, Ed.

2001-01-01

This document consists of all 25 issues of Volume 11 of "The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education," a biweekly journal that addresses issues in higher education for Hispanic Americans. Each issue contains several feature articles, a policy update column called "Outlook on Washington," a description of an exemplary program, and…

Recognizing Excellence: From Macro to Micro to Nano

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dassler, Troy

2011-01-01

This column features profiles of award-winning science programs and teachers. In this month's issue the author shares his experience of working with a university researcher. Third-grade students benefit from this relationship and learn about the nanoscale through up-to-date science equipment. (Contains 1 resource and 10 online resources.)

Connect the Book: The Tarantula Scientist

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brodie, Carolyn S.

2005-01-01

This column describes the book, "The Tarantula Scientist," that features the work of arachnologist Sam Marshall, a scientist who studies spiders and their eight-legged relatives. Marshall is one of only four or five scientists who specializes in the study of tarantulas. The informative text and outstanding photographs follow Sam as he…

The EDUTECH Report, 2001-2002.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Warger, Thomas, Ed.

2002-01-01

This document consists of 12 issues of the "EDUTECH Report." The newsletter's purpose is to alert faculty and administrators to issues in educational technology. Each issue contains two feature articles, a page of news briefs, and a question and answer column. Issues also contain brief quotations on education technology topics. The…

Water masses in the Humboldt Current System: Properties, distribution, and the nitrate deficit as a chemical water mass tracer for Equatorial Subsurface Water off Chile

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Silva, Nelson; Rojas, Nora; Fedele, Aldo

2009-07-01

Three sections are used to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of the water masses in the eastern South Pacific and their distributions. Oceanographic data were taken from the SCORPIO (May-June 1967), PIQUERO (May-June 1969), and KRILL (June 1974) cruises. Vertical sections of temperature, salinity, σ θ, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, and silicate were used to analyze the water column structure. Five water masses were identified in the zone through T- S diagrams: Subantarctic Water, Subtropical Water, Equatorial Subsurface Water, Antarctic Intermediate Water, and Pacific Deep Water. Their proportions in the sea water mixture are calculated using the mixing triangle method. Vertical sections were used to describe the geographical distributions of the water mass cores in the upper 1500 m. Several characteristic oceanographic features in the study area were analyzed: the shallow salinity minimum displacement towards the equator, the equatorial subsurface salinity maximum associated with a dissolved oxygen minimum zone and a high nutrient content displacement towards the south, and the equatorward intermediate Antarctic salinity minimum associated with a dissolved oxygen maximum. The nitrate deficit generated in the denitrification area off Peru and northern Chile is proposed as a conservative chemical tracer for the Equatorial Subsurface Waters off the coast of Chile, south of 25°S.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ostrovskii, G.M.; Platonov, V.M.; Zhvanetskii, I.B.

The problem of designing optimum rectification separation systems (r.s.) in two-section columns with heat recovery is discussed. This is an important problem because the cost of the energy consumed can reached 70% of the total cost of the r.s. It is shown that the problem may be reduced to one of integral linear programming, for which well-developed methods of solution are available. It is assumed that: 1) the pressure is constant in all rectification columns, and 2) the streams may exchange heat only once.

On the Detectability of CO Molecules in the Interstellar Medium via X-Ray Spectroscopy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Joachimi, Katerine; Gatuzz, Efrain; Garcia, Javier; Kallman, Timothy R.

2016-01-01

We present a study of the detectability of CO molecules in the Galactic interstellar medium using high-resolution X-ray spectra obtained with the XMM-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometer. We analysed 10 bright low mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) to study the CO contribution in their line of sights. A total of 25 observations were fitted with the ISMabs X-ray absorption model which includes photoabsorption cross-sections for Oi, Oii, Oiii and CO. We performed a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation analysis of the goodness of fit in order to estimate the significance of the CO detection. We determine that the statistical analysis prevents a significant detection of CO molecular X-ray absorption features, except for the lines of sight towards XTE J1718-330 and 4U 1636-53. In the case of XTE J1817-330, this is the first report of the presence of CO along its line of sight. Our results reinforce the conclusion that molecules have a minor contribution to the absorption features in the O K-edge spectral region. We estimate a CO column density lower limit to perform a significant detection with XMM-Newton of N(CO) greater than 6 x 10(exp 16) per sq cm for typical exposure times.

Raman scattering by H2 and N2 in the atmospheres of exoplanets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oklopcic, Antonija; Hirata, Christopher M.; Heng, Kevin

2016-06-01

Rayleigh scattering is an important source of opacity in the atmospheres of exoplanets at short optical and near-UV wavelengths. Raman scattering is an inelastic process related to Rayleigh scattering, but with a weaker cross section. We analyze the signatures of Raman scattering imprinted in the reflected light and the geometric albedo of exoplanets. Raman scattering causes filling-in of absorption lines in the incident spectrum, thus producing sharp enhancements in the geometric albedo. It also shifts the wavelengths of spectral features in the reflected light causing the Raman ghost lines. Observing the albedo enhancements could be used to measure the column density of the scattering molecule and provide constrains on the presence of clouds and hazes in the atmosphere. Observing the Raman ghost lines could be used to spectroscopically identify the main scatterer in the atmosphere -- molecules like H2 or N2 which do not show prominent spectral signatures in the optical wavelength range. If detected, ghost lines could also provide information about the temperature of the atmosphere. Here we present how these signatures of Raman scattering in hydrogen- and nitrogen-dominated atmospheres can be used as probes of atmospheric pressure, temperature and composition. We analyze the feasibility of detecting these features in the albedo spectra of nearby exoplanets with the existing and future observational facilities.

Peru upwelling plankton respiration: calculations of carbon flux, nutrient retention efficiency and heterotrophic energy production

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Packard, T. T.; Osma, N.; Fernández-Urruzola, I.; Codispoti, L. A.; Christensen, J. P.; Gómez, M.

2014-11-01

Oceanic depth profiles of plankton respiration are described by a power function, RCO2 = (RCO2)0(z/z0)b similar to the vertical carbon flux profile. Furthermore, because both ocean processes are closely related, conceptually and mathematically, each can be calculated from the other. The exponent (b), always negative, defines the maximum curvature of the respiration depth-profile and controls the carbon flux. When b is large, the C flux (FC) from the epipelagic ocean is low and the nutrient retention efficiency (NRE) is high allowing these waters to maintain high productivity. The opposite occurs when b is small. This means that the attenuation of respiration in ocean water columns is critical in understanding and predicting both vertical FC as well as the capacity of epipelagic ecosystems to retain their nutrients. The NRE is a new metric defined as the ratio of nutrient regeneration in a seawater layer to the nutrients introduced into that layer via FC. A depth-profile of FC is the integral of water column respiration. This relationship facilitates calculating ocean sections of FC from water column respiration. In a FC section across the Peru upwelling system we found a FC maximum extending down to 400 m, 50 km off the Peru coast. Finally, coupling respiratory electron transport system activity to heterotrophic oxidative phosphorylation promoted the calculation of an ocean section of heterotrophic energy production (HEP). It ranged from 250 to 500 J d-1 m-3 in the euphotic zone, to less than 5 J d-1 m-3 below 200 m on this ocean section.

Structural analysis equations

Treesearch

Douglas R. Rammer

2010-01-01

Equations for deformation and stress, which are the basis for tension members and beam and column design, are discussed in this chapter. The first two sections cover tapered members, straight members, and special considerations such as notches, slits, and size effect. A third section presents stability criteria for members subject to buckling and for members subject to...

Structural analysis equations

Treesearch

Lawrence A. Soltis

1999-01-01

Equations for deformation and stress, which are the basis for tension members and beam and column design, are discussed in this chapter. The first two sections cover tapered members, straight members, and special considerations such as notches, slits, and size effect. A third section presents stability criteria for members subject to buckling and for members subject to...

Gas Phase Absorption Spectroscopy of C+60 and C+70 in a Cryogenic Ion Trap: Comparison with Astronomical Measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Campbell, E. K.; Holz, M.; Maier, J. P.; Gerlich, D.; Walker, G. A. H.; Bohlender, D.

2016-05-01

Recent low-temperature laboratory measurements and astronomical observations have proved that the fullerene cation {{{C}}}60+ is responsible for four diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs). These absorptions correspond to the strongest bands of the lowest electronic transition. The gas phase spectrum below 10 {{K}} is reported here for the full wavelength range encompassed by the electronic transition. The absorption spectrum of {{{C}}}70+, with its origin band at 7959.2 {{\\mathringA }}, has been obtained under similar laboratory conditions. Observations made toward the reddened star {HD} 183143 were used in a specific search for the absorption of these fullerene cations in diffuse clouds. In the case of {{{C}}}60+, one further band in the astronomical spectrum at 9348.5 \\mathringA is identified, increasing the total number of assigned DIBs to five. Numerous other {{{C}}}60+ absorptions in the laboratory spectrum are found to lie below the astronomical detection limit. Special emphasis is placed on the laboratory determination of absolute absorption cross-sections. For {{{C}}}60+ this directly yields a column density, N({{{C}}}60+), of 2× {10}13 {{{cm}}}-2 in diffuse clouds, without the need to rely on theoretical oscillator strengths. The intensity of the {{{C}}}70+ electronic transition in the range 7000-8000 Å is spread over many features of similar strength. Absorption cross-section measurements indicate that even for a similar column density, the individual absorption bands of {{{C}}}70+ will be too weak to be detected in the astronomical spectra, which is confirmed giving an upper limit of 2 {{m\\mathringA }} to the equivalent width. Based on observations obtained at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which is operated by the National Research Council of Canada, the Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique of France, and the University of Hawaii.

The effect of Si nano-columns in 2-D and 3-D on cellular behaviour: nanotopography-induced CaP deposition from differentiating mesenchymal stem cells.

PubMed

Guvendik, S; Trabzon, L; Ramazanoglu, M

2011-10-01

Si nano-columns were deposited in 2-D and 3-D in the form of well-defined geometries by physical vapor deposition. The films were grown by e-beam evaporation with an angle between source and substrate. The Si nano-columns were deposited in the shape of spiral with two different incoming atomic flux angle so that the manipulation of nano-columns in 3-D (out-of-plane) was obtained. The Si nano-columns were also grown as vertical stick with square, triangle and linear cross sections in 2D (in-plane). Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured on these different Si nanosurfaces. MTS assay was carried out to determine the cell proliferation and viability based on different nanotopographies. For the evaluation of cell distribution and morphology, a SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analysis was performed. Any CaP deposition on Si nanosurfaces was observed using energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy in SEM (SEM-EDX). After 4 days of culture, there was a higher value of cell proliferation on square columns and spiral Si nano-columns grown with 85 degrees of incoming atomic flux. The cell attachment and spreading was also affected by the geometry of Si nano-columns. While there were still cells showing round/spherical morphology with minimal spreading on conventional Si surfaces, most of the cells cultured on different Si nanotopographies attached on the surface and displayed flattened morphology, especially on the square columns surface. Moreover, CaP deposition was discovered on square columns and spiral films with 85 degrees substrate angle. So, it can be concluded that there is a clear correlation between cell responses and nano-sized geometry on Si surface and it is possible to induce cellular differentiation and CaP formation in certain geometrical constraints.

On-Chip Microfluidic Components for In Situ Analysis, Separation, and Detection of Amino Acids

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zheng, Yun; Getty, Stephanie; Dworkin, Jason; Balvin, Manuel; Kotecki, Carl

2013-01-01

The Astrobiology Analytical Laboratory at GSFC has identified amino acids in meteorites and returned cometary samples by using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LCMS). These organic species are key markers for life, having the property of chirality that can be used to distinguish biological from non-biological amino acids. One of the critical components in the benchtop instrument is liquid chromatography (LC) analytical column. The commercial LC analytical column is an over- 250-mm-long and 4.6-mm-diameter stainless steel tube filled with functionized microbeads as stationary phase to separate the molecular species based on their chemistry. Miniaturization of this technique for spaceflight is compelling for future payloads for landed missions targeting astrobiology objectives. A commercial liquid chromatography analytical column consists of an inert cylindrical tube filled with a stationary phase, i.e., microbeads, that has been functionalized with a targeted chemistry. When analyte is sent through the column by a pressurized carrier fluid (typically a methanol/ water mixture), compounds are separated in time due to differences in chemical interactions with the stationary phase. Different species of analyte molecules will interact more strongly with the column chemistry, and will therefore take longer to traverse the column. In this way, the column will separate molecular species based on their chemistry. A lab-on-chip liquid analysis tool was developed. The microfluidic analytical column is capable of chromatographically separating biologically relevant classes of molecules based on their chemistry. For this analytical column, fabrication, low leak rate, and stationary phase incorporation of a serpentine microchannel were demonstrated that mimic the dimensions of a commercial LC column within a 5 10 1 mm chip. The microchannel in the chip has a 75- micrometer-diameter oval-shaped cross section. The serpentine microchannel has four different lengths: 40, 60, 80, and 100 mm. Functionized microbeads were filled inside the microchannel to separate molecular species based on their chemistry.

New Resources for Childbirth Educators and Parents

PubMed Central

Shilling, Teri

2009-01-01

In this column, reviewers offer perspectives and comments on a variety of new media resources for childbirth educators and expectant and new parents. The books, CDs, DVDs, and kits reviewed in this issue's column include the following topics: the birth experiences of mothers who survived childhood sexual abuse; lively teaching techniques and ideas to help energize and enhance childbirth education classes; breastfeeding in the workplace; expectant fathers; perspectives on motherhood; unique, helpful tools for childbirth educators to use in designing their class content, addressing the stages of labor, and discussing planned cesarean birth; exercises for pregnant women on bedrest; and a compilation of presentations featured at Birthing the Future's international symposiums. PMID:20190851

Textural and geochemical constraints on eruptive style of the 79AD eruption at Vesuvius

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balcone-Boissard, Hélène; Boudon, Georges; Villemant, Benoît.

2010-05-01

The 79AD eruption of Vesuvius, also known as the "Pompeii eruption", is the reference for one of the explosive eruptive styles, the plinian-type eruption. The eruption involved H2O-rich phonolitic magmas and is commonly divided into three phases: an initial phreatomagmatic phase, followed by a plinian event which produced a thick pumice fallout deposit and a final phase that was dominated by numerous column-collapse events. During the plinian phase, a first white pumice fallout was produced from a high steady eruptive column, followed by a grey pumice fallout originated by an oscillatory eruptive column with several partial column collapse events. This study focuses on the pumice fallout deposits, sampled in a proximal thick section, at the Terzigno quarry, 6 km southeast of the present crater. In order to constrain the degassing processes and the eruptive dynamics, major element compositions, residual volatile contents (H2O, Cl) and textural characteristics (vesicularity and microcrystallinity) were studied. A previous study that we performed on the pre-eruptive Cl content has shown that Cl may be used as an indicator of magma saturation with Cl-rich fluids and of pre-eruptive pressures. Cl contents measured in melt inclusions show that only the white pumice and the upper part of the grey pumice magma were H2O saturated prior eruption. Large variations in residual volatile contents exist between the different eruptive units and textural features strongly differ between white and grey pumice clasts but also within the grey pumice clasts. The degassing processes were thus highly heterogeneous: the white pumice eruptive units represent a typical closed-system degassing evolution whereas the first grey pumice one, stored in the same pre-eruptive saturation conditions, follows a particular open-system degassing evolution. Here we propose a new model of the 79AD eruption where pre-eruptive conditions (H2O saturation, magma temperature and viscosity) are the critical parameters which determine the diversity of the syn-eruptive degassing processes and hence the eruptive dynamics. We suggest that the oscillatory regime that dominates the grey pumice eruptive phase is linked to the pre-eruptive water undersaturation of most part of the grey magma and to the time delays necessary for H2O exsolution.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Myrabo, D.O.

This paper describes the world's first buoyant articulated loading column (ALC) made principally of concrete and which can operate in the weather conditions of the North Sea. The ALC is an unmanned structure, mooring and loading being controlled by a tanker. Gravity base buoyancy tanks ''floaters'' are lightly reinforced and have a similar section to the column, 29.5 ft diameter and a wall thickness of 13.8 in. Before towing to the field, the column was ballasted by 1,000 metric tons of hematite, a fine ore aggregate. Final ballast will comprise 1,000 metric tons of hematite and 460 metric tons ofmore » water. Setting will be carried out by pumping water into the column until the base structure contacts the seabed. Once the base has touched down, the 2 cyclindrical buoyancy tanks will be vented, thus instantly applying the full weight of the gravity base to the sea floor and anchoring the ALC. Hyperbaric welding techniques will be used to tie the subsea pipeline into the expansion loop.« less

Non-target adjacent stimuli classification improves performance of classical ERP-based brain computer interface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ceballos, G. A.; Hernández, L. F.

2015-04-01

Objective. The classical ERP-based speller, or P300 Speller, is one of the most commonly used paradigms in the field of Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI). Several alterations to the visual stimuli presentation system have been developed to avoid unfavorable effects elicited by adjacent stimuli. However, there has been little, if any, regard to useful information contained in responses to adjacent stimuli about spatial location of target symbols. This paper aims to demonstrate that combining the classification of non-target adjacent stimuli with standard classification (target versus non-target) significantly improves classical ERP-based speller efficiency. Approach. Four SWLDA classifiers were trained and combined with the standard classifier: the lower row, upper row, right column and left column classifiers. This new feature extraction procedure and the classification method were carried out on three open databases: the UAM P300 database (Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico), BCI competition II (dataset IIb) and BCI competition III (dataset II). Main results. The inclusion of the classification of non-target adjacent stimuli improves target classification in the classical row/column paradigm. A gain in mean single trial classification of 9.6% and an overall improvement of 25% in simulated spelling speed was achieved. Significance. We have provided further evidence that the ERPs produced by adjacent stimuli present discriminable features, which could provide additional information about the spatial location of intended symbols. This work promotes the searching of information on the peripheral stimulation responses to improve the performance of emerging visual ERP-based spellers.

Biclustering sparse binary genomic data.

PubMed

van Uitert, Miranda; Meuleman, Wouter; Wessels, Lodewyk

2008-12-01

Genomic datasets often consist of large, binary, sparse data matrices. In such a dataset, one is often interested in finding contiguous blocks that (mostly) contain ones. This is a biclustering problem, and while many algorithms have been proposed to deal with gene expression data, only two algorithms have been proposed that specifically deal with binary matrices. None of the gene expression biclustering algorithms can handle the large number of zeros in sparse binary matrices. The two proposed binary algorithms failed to produce meaningful results. In this article, we present a new algorithm that is able to extract biclusters from sparse, binary datasets. A powerful feature is that biclusters with different numbers of rows and columns can be detected, varying from many rows to few columns and few rows to many columns. It allows the user to guide the search towards biclusters of specific dimensions. When applying our algorithm to an input matrix derived from TRANSFAC, we find transcription factors with distinctly dissimilar binding motifs, but a clear set of common targets that are significantly enriched for GO categories.

Chaotic behaviour of the short-term variations in ozone column observed in Arctic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petkov, Boyan H.; Vitale, Vito; Mazzola, Mauro; Lanconelli, Christian; Lupi, Angelo

2015-09-01

The diurnal variations observed in the ozone column at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard during different periods of 2009, 2010 and 2011 have been examined to test the hypothesis that they could be a result of a chaotic process. It was found that each of the attractors, reconstructed by applying the time delay technique and corresponding to any of the three time series can be embedded by 6-dimensional space. Recurrence plots, depicted to characterise the attractor features revealed structures typical for a chaotic system. In addition, the two positive Lyapunov exponents found for the three attractors, the fractal Hausdorff dimension presented by the Kaplan-Yorke estimator and the feasibility to predict the short-term ozone column variations within 10-20 h, knowing the past behaviour make the assumption about their chaotic character more realistic. The similarities of the estimated parameters in all three cases allow us to hypothesise that the three time series under study likely present one-dimensional projections of the same chaotic system taken at different time intervals.

Variational Assimilation of GOME Total-Column Ozone Satellite Data in a 2D Latitude-Longitude Tracer-Transport Model.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eskes, H. J.; Piters, A. J. M.; Levelt, P. F.; Allaart, M. A. F.; Kelder, H. M.

1999-10-01

A four-dimensional data-assimilation method is described to derive synoptic ozone fields from total-column ozone satellite measurements. The ozone columns are advected by a 2D tracer-transport model, using ECMWF wind fields at a single pressure level. Special attention is paid to the modeling of the forecast error covariance and quality control. The temporal and spatial dependence of the forecast error is taken into account, resulting in a global error field at any instant in time that provides a local estimate of the accuracy of the assimilated field. The authors discuss the advantages of the 4D-variational (4D-Var) approach over sequential assimilation schemes. One of the attractive features of the 4D-Var technique is its ability to incorporate measurements at later times t > t0 in the analysis at time t0, in a way consistent with the time evolution as described by the model. This significantly improves the offline analyzed ozone fields.

Medium-resolution far-ultraviolet spectroscopy of PKS 2155-304

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Appenzeller, I.; Mandel, H.; Krautter, J.; Bowyer, S.; Hurwitz, M.; Grewing, M.; Kramer, G.; Kappelmann, N.

1995-01-01

Using the Berkeley spectrometer of the Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer (ORFEUS) we observed the 87-117 nm UV spectrum of the BL Lac object PKS 2155-304 with about 0.5 A resolution. In addition to the expected interstellar lines we detected higher quantum number counterparts of the intergalactic Lyman alpha lines discovered earlier with IUE and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in the direction of PKS 2155-304. The Lyman discontinuities indicate for three of the redshifted clouds a combined H I column density of 2-5 x 10(exp 16)/sq cm, while the column density for another cloud appears to be well below 5 x 10(exp 15)/sq cm. No siginificant O VI absorption in the galactic halo toward PKS 2155-304 could be detected from our data. Assuming that saturation effects are negligible for these weak features, we obtain for the O VI column density toward PKS 2155-304 a 3 sigma upper limit of 2.7 x 10(exp 14)/sq cm.

Extracting concrete thermal characteristics from temperature time history of RC column exposed to standard fire.

PubMed

Kim, Jung J; Youm, Kwang-Soo; Reda Taha, Mahmoud M

2014-01-01

A numerical method to identify thermal conductivity from time history of one-dimensional temperature variations in thermal unsteady-state is proposed. The numerical method considers the change of specific heat and thermal conductivity with respect to temperature. Fire test of reinforced concrete (RC) columns was conducted using a standard fire to obtain time history of temperature variations in the column section. A thermal equilibrium model in unsteady-state condition was developed. The thermal conductivity of concrete was then determined by optimizing the numerical solution of the model to meet the observed time history of temperature variations. The determined thermal conductivity with respect to temperature was then verified against standard thermal conductivity measurements of concrete bricks. It is concluded that the proposed method can be used to conservatively estimate thermal conductivity of concrete for design purpose. Finally, the thermal radiation properties of concrete for the RC column were estimated from the thermal equilibrium at the surface of the column. The radiant heat transfer ratio of concrete representing absorptivity to emissivity ratio of concrete during fire was evaluated and is suggested as a concrete criterion that can be used in fire safety assessment.

Extracting Concrete Thermal Characteristics from Temperature Time History of RC Column Exposed to Standard Fire

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

A numerical method to identify thermal conductivity from time history of one-dimensional temperature variations in thermal unsteady-state is proposed. The numerical method considers the change of specific heat and thermal conductivity with respect to temperature. Fire test of reinforced concrete (RC) columns was conducted using a standard fire to obtain time history of temperature variations in the column section. A thermal equilibrium model in unsteady-state condition was developed. The thermal conductivity of concrete was then determined by optimizing the numerical solution of the model to meet the observed time history of temperature variations. The determined thermal conductivity with respect to temperature was then verified against standard thermal conductivity measurements of concrete bricks. It is concluded that the proposed method can be used to conservatively estimate thermal conductivity of concrete for design purpose. Finally, the thermal radiation properties of concrete for the RC column were estimated from the thermal equilibrium at the surface of the column. The radiant heat transfer ratio of concrete representing absorptivity to emissivity ratio of concrete during fire was evaluated and is suggested as a concrete criterion that can be used in fire safety assessment. PMID:25180197

Design of reinforced areas of concrete column using quadratic polynomials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arif Gunadi, Tjiang; Parung, Herman; Rachman Djamaluddin, Abd; Arwin Amiruddin, A.

2017-11-01

Designing of reinforced concrete columns mostly carried out by a simple planning method which uses column interaction diagram. However, the application of this method is limited because it valids only for certain compressive strenght of the concrete and yield strength of the reinforcement. Thus, a more applicable method is still in need. Another method is the use of quadratic polynomials as a basis for the approach in designing reinforced concrete columns, where the ratio of neutral lines to the effective height of a cross section (ξ) if associated with ξ in the same cross-section with different reinforcement ratios is assumed to form a quadratic polynomial. This is identical to the basic principle used in the Simpson rule for numerical integral using quadratic polynomials and had a sufficiently accurate level of accuracy. The basis of this approach to be used both the normal force equilibrium and the moment equilibrium. The abscissa of the intersection of the two curves is the ratio that had been mentioned, since it fulfill both of the equilibrium. The application of this method is relatively more complicated than the existing method but provided with tables and graphs (N vs ξN ) and (M vs ξM ) so that its used could be simplified. The uniqueness of these tables are only distinguished based on the compresssive strength of the concrete, so in application it could be combined with various yield strenght of the reinforcement available in the market. This method could be solved by using programming languages such as Fortran.

The cortical column: a structure without a function

PubMed Central

Horton, Jonathan C; Adams, Daniel L

2005-01-01

This year, the field of neuroscience celebrates the 50th anniversary of Mountcastle's discovery of the cortical column. In this review, we summarize half a century of research and come to the disappointing realization that the column may have no function. Originally, it was described as a discrete structure, spanning the layers of the somatosensory cortex, which contains cells responsive to only a single modality, such as deep joint receptors or cutaneous receptors. Subsequently, examples of columns have been uncovered in numerous cortical areas, expanding the original concept to embrace a variety of different structures and principles. A ‘column’ now refers to cells in any vertical cluster that share the same tuning for any given receptive field attribute. In striate cortex, for example, cells with the same eye preference are grouped into ocular dominance columns. Unaccountably, ocular dominance columns are present in some species, but not others. In principle, it should be possible to determine their function by searching for species differences in visual performance that correlate with their presence or absence. Unfortunately, this approach has been to no avail; no visual faculty has emerged that appears to require ocular dominance columns. Moreover, recent evidence has shown that the expression of ocular dominance columns can be highly variable among members of the same species, or even in different portions of the visual cortex in the same individual. These observations deal a fatal blow to the idea that ocular dominance columns serve a purpose. More broadly, the term ‘column’ also denotes the periodic termination of anatomical projections within or between cortical areas. In many instances, periodic projections have a consistent relationship with some architectural feature, such as the cytochrome oxidase patches in V1 or the stripes in V2. These tissue compartments appear to divide cells with different receptive field properties into distinct processing streams. However, it is unclear what advantage, if any, is conveyed by this form of columnar segregation. Although the column is an attractive concept, it has failed as a unifying principle for understanding cortical function. Unravelling the organization of the cerebral cortex will require a painstaking description of the circuits, projections and response properties peculiar to cells in each of its various areas. PMID:15937015

Determination of Total Biotin by Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup Extraction: Multilaboratory Testing, Final Action 2016.02.

PubMed

Joseph, George; Devi, Ranjani; Marley, Elaine C; Leeman, David

2018-05-01

Single- and multilaboratory testing data have provided systematic scientific evidence that a simple, selective, accurate, and precise method can be used as a potential candidate reference method for dispute resolution in determining total biotin in all forms of infant, adult, and/or pediatric formula. Using LC coupled with immunoaffinity column cleanup extraction, the method fully meets the intended purpose and applicability statement in AOAC Standard Method Performance Requirement 2014.005. The method was applied to a cross-section of infant formula and adult nutritional matrixes, and acceptable precision and accuracy were established. The analytical platform is inexpensive, and the method can be used in almost any laboratory worldwide with basic facilities. The immunoaffinity column cleanup extraction is the key step to successful analysis.

40 CFR 87.8 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.... The second column lists the sections of this part where we reference it. Anyone may purchase copies of these materials from the International Civil Aviation Organization, Document Sales Unit, 999 University...

40 CFR 87.8 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... The second column lists the sections of this part where we reference it. Anyone may purchase copies of these materials from the International Civil Aviation Organization, Document Sales Unit, 999 University...

Eloen Graces Us: Two Perspectives of a Home Birth

PubMed Central

Ferguson, Nancy; Beebee, Shelley

2007-01-01

In continuing The Journal of Perinatal Education's mission to promote normal birth, this issue's “Celebrate Birth!” column features mother and daughter, Nancy Ferguson and Shelley Beebee, who share two complementary perspectives of the magic and mystery surrounding the home birth of Eloen, Nancy's granddaughter and Shelley's daughter. PMID:18566648

Text Mapping Plus: Improving Comprehension through Supported Retellings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lapp, Diane; Fisher, Douglas; Johnson, Kelly

2010-01-01

Modeled in this column is the teaching of a text mapping routine that supports students reading and remembering the salient features of the text. The authors renamed the story mapping technique "text mapping plus" because they found that as students added relational words and graphics to their maps their retells of both fiction and nonnarrative…

Are we safe? NLM's household products database.

PubMed

Bronson Fitzpatrick, Roberta

2004-01-01

This column features an overview of the Division of Specialized Information Services, National Library of Medicine Household Products Database. Basic searching techniques are presented, as well as a brief overview of the data contained in this file. The Household Products Database contains information on chemical ingredients in various products used in U.S. homes.

The EDUTECH Report. The Education Technology Newsletter for Faculty and Administrators, 1992-1993.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

EDUTECH Report, 1993

1993-01-01

This newsletter examines education technology issues of concern to school faculty and administrators. Regular features in each issue include educational technology news, a book review, and a question and answer column. The cover articles during this volume year are: "Data Access Issues: Security Vs. Openness"; "Creation of an…

Choosing the Right Free IM Providers and Clients for Your Library

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Izenstark, Amanda K.

2009-01-01

With virtual library services increasing, public services librarians may find themselves with questions such as: What instant messaging services (IM) are available? Which IM service would best suit my patrons' needs? Which IM service best suits my library's technology profile? This column describes the features and functionality of major instant…

Connect the Book. George Washington's Teeth

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brodie, Carolyn S.

2005-01-01

February celebrates both National Children's Dental Health Month and President's Day (February 21), so this month's "Connect the Book" column features a book with connections to both events. George Washington, the first President of the United States (1789-1797) and known as the "Father of Our Country," had a serious dental health problem that…

The EDUTECH Report. The Education Technology Newsletter for Faculty and Administrators, 1994-1995.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

EDUTECH Report, 1995

1995-01-01

This newsletter examines education technology issues of concern to school faculty and administrators. Regular features in each issue include educational technology news, a book review, and a question and answer column. The cover articles during this volume year are: "The Decision-Making Process: as Important as the Decision";…

A Multistep Synthesis Featuring Classic Carbonyl Chemistry for the Advanced Organic Chemistry Laboratory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duff, David B.; Abbe, Tyler G.; Goess, Brian C.

2012-01-01

A multistep synthesis of 5-isopropyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione is carried out from three commodity chemicals. The sequence involves an aldol condensation, Dieckmann-type annulation, ester hydrolysis, and decarboxylation. No purification is required until after the final step, at which point gravity column chromatography provides the desired product in…

The EDUTECH Report, 1997-1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

EDUTECH Report, 1998

1998-01-01

This document consists of 12 issues of the EDUTECH Report. 1998. The newsletter's purpose is to alert faculty and administrators to issues in educational technology. Each issue contains two feature articles, a page of news briefs, a preview of the upcoming issue, and a question and answer column. Most issues also contain brief quotations on…

The EDUTECH Report, 2000-2001.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Warger, Thomas, Ed.

2001-01-01

This document consists of 12 issues, an entire volume year, of the EDUTECH Report. The newsletter's purpose is to alert faculty and administrators to issues in educational technology. Each issue contains two feature articles, a page of news briefs, a preview of the upcoming issue, and a question and answer column. Most issues also contain brief…

The EDUTECH Report, 1998-1999.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

EDUTECH Report, 1999

1999-01-01

This document consists of 12 issues, an entire volume year, of the EDUTECH Report. The newsletter's purpose is to alert faculty and administrators to issues in educational technology. Each issue contains two feature articles, a page of news briefs, a preview of the upcoming issue, and a question and answer column. Most issues also contain brief…

Manage Your Social Media in 5 Minutes a Day

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watson, Anne Marie

2017-01-01

The Marketing column features essays about a variety of creative and innovative marketing strategies used to highlight collections or promote services in all types of libraries. Its purpose is to provide real examples of how libraries are using marketing and outreach techniques in interesting ways. This article describes the social media content…

The EDUTECH Report. The Education Technology Newsletter for Faculty and Administrators, 1993-1994.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

EDUTECH Report, 1994

1994-01-01

This newsletter examines education technology issues of concern to school faculty and administrators. Regular features in each issue include educational technology news, a book review, and a question and answer column. The cover articles during this volume year are: "The Build-or-Buy Decision: No One Right Answer"; "The National…

Evolution of the hominoid vertebral column: The long and the short of it.

PubMed

Williams, Scott A; Russo, Gabrielle A

2015-01-01

The postcranial axial skeleton exhibits considerable morphological and functional diversity among living primates. Particularly striking are the derived features in hominoids that distinguish them from most other primates and mammals. In contrast to the primitive catarrhine morphotype, which presumably possessed an external (protruding) tail and emphasized more pronograde trunk posture, all living hominoids are characterized by the absence of an external tail and adaptations to orthograde trunk posture. Moreover, modern humans evolved unique vertebral features that satisfy the demands of balancing an upright torso over the hind limbs during habitual terrestrial bipedalism. Our ability to identify the evolutionary timing and understand the functional and phylogenetic significance of these fundamental changes in postcranial axial skeletal anatomy in the hominoid fossil record is key to reconstructing ancestral hominoid patterns and retracing the evolutionary pathways that led to living apes and modern humans. Here, we provide an overview of what is known about evolution of the hominoid vertebral column, focusing on the currently available anatomical evidence of three major transitions: tail loss and adaptations to orthograde posture and bipedal locomotion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

COS Observations of Molecular H2 at z = 0.248

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kruse, Ethan; Tumlinson, J.; Thom, C.; Sembach, K.

2011-01-01

We present HST/COS observations of a QSO sightline through the halo of two merging galaxies at z = 0.25 at impact parameter 90 kpc. This sightline presents the first example of strong H2 absorption features in our large COS survey of galaxy halo gas at low redshift (COS-Halos, Tumlinson et al.). COS spectra reveal a sub-DLA at z = 0.2478 which splits into two components separated by 70 km/s. One component appears to contain more high-ionization states and less neutral H I while the other favors neutral atoms and contains a strong H2 signature (J = 0-3) along with the majority of the H I. Aside from H2 we detect O I, N I and N II, Si II and Si III, and C II. We find a total H2 column density of N(H2) = 16.89 and an H2 fraction of f_{H2} = 0.0034. Fitting the unblended H2 lines from 0-0 to 15-0 to a curve of growth we find a best fit with b = 11.8 km s-1. Due to the full saturation of all Lyman lines, we are unable to separate the H I column density into the two components and therefore cannot get a direct metallicity for either cloud. However through Cloudy modelling we are able to estimate a H I column density and ionization correction in each component and therefore obtain an approximate metallicity through O I absorption. This system shows similar features to a portion of the Magellanic Stream studied by Sembach et al. 2006. Both sightlines have comparable H I and H2 columns, H2 excitation temperatures, and similar metallicities, suggesting this sightline could be a distant counterpart to the Magellanic Stream, perhaps stripped from an unseen companion galaxy to the two merger partners.

Assessment of precast beam-column using capacity demand response spectrum subject to design basis earthquake and maximum considered earthquake

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghani, Kay Dora Abd.; Tukiar, Mohd Azuan; Hamid, Nor Hayati Abdul

2017-08-01

Malaysia is surrounded by the tectonic feature of the Sumatera area which consists of two seismically active inter-plate boundaries, namely the Indo-Australian and the Eurasian Plates on the west and the Philippine Plates on the east. Hence, Malaysia experiences tremors from far distant earthquake occurring in Banda Aceh, Nias Island, Padang and other parts of Sumatera Indonesia. In order to predict the safety of precast buildings in Malaysia under near field ground motion the response spectrum analysis could be used for dealing with future earthquake whose specific nature is unknown. This paper aimed to develop of capacity demand response spectrum subject to Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) and Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE) in order to assess the performance of precast beam column joint. From the capacity-demand response spectrum analysis, it can be concluded that the precast beam-column joints would not survive when subjected to earthquake excitation with surface-wave magnitude, Mw, of more than 5.5 Scale Richter (Type 1 spectra). This means that the beam-column joint which was designed using the current code of practice (BS8110) would be severely damaged when subjected to high earthquake excitation. The capacity-demand response spectrum analysis also shows that the precast beam-column joints in the prototype studied would be severely damaged when subjected to Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE) with PGA=0.22g having a surface-wave magnitude of more than 5.5 Scale Richter, or Type 1 spectra.

Ontogeny of the vertebral column of Eleutherodactylus johnstonei (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae) reveals heterochronies relative to metamorphic frogs.

PubMed

Meza-Joya, Fabio Leonardo; Ramos-Pallares, Eliana Patricia; Ramírez-Pinilla, Martha Patricia

2013-07-01

Over the last century, the morphogenesis of the vertebral column has been considered as a highly conserved process among anurans. This statement is based on the study of few metamorphic taxa, ignoring the role of developmental mechanisms underlying the evolution of specialized life-histories. Direct development in anurans has been regarded as evolutionarily derived and involves developmental recapitulation and repatterning at different levels in all amphibian taxa studied so far. Herein, we analyze the vertebral column morphogenesis of the direct-developing frog Eleutherodactylus johnstonei, describing the sequence of chondrification and ossification, based on cleared and double-stained specimens from early stage embryos to adults. In general, our results show that the morphogenesis of the vertebral column in E. johnstonei recapitulates the ancestral tadpole-like pattern of development. However, the analysis of the sequence of events using heterochrony plots shows important heterocronies relative to metamorphic species, such as a delay in the chondrification of the vertebral centra and in osteogenesis. These ontogenetic peculiarities may represent derived traits in direct-developing frogs and are possibly correlated with its unusual life history. In addition, several features of the vertebral column of E. johnstonei are highly variable from its typical morphology. We report some malformations and small deviations, which do not seem to affect the survival of individuals. These anomalies have also been found in other frogs, and include many vertebral defects, such as vertebral fusion, and vertebral preclusion and/or induction. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Results of the eruptive column model inter-comparison study

USGS Publications Warehouse

Costa, Antonio; Suzuki, Yujiro; Cerminara, M.; Devenish, Ben J.; Esposti Ongaro, T.; Herzog, Michael; Van Eaton, Alexa; Denby, L.C.; Bursik, Marcus; de' Michieli Vitturi, Mattia; Engwell, S.; Neri, Augusto; Barsotti, Sara; Folch, Arnau; Macedonio, Giovanni; Girault, F.; Carazzo, G.; Tait, S.; Kaminski, E.; Mastin, Larry G.; Woodhouse, Mark J.; Phillips, Jeremy C.; Hogg, Andrew J.; Degruyter, Wim; Bonadonna, Costanza

2016-01-01

This study compares and evaluates one-dimensional (1D) and three-dimensional (3D) numerical models of volcanic eruption columns in a set of different inter-comparison exercises. The exercises were designed as a blind test in which a set of common input parameters was given for two reference eruptions, representing a strong and a weak eruption column under different meteorological conditions. Comparing the results of the different models allows us to evaluate their capabilities and target areas for future improvement. Despite their different formulations, the 1D and 3D models provide reasonably consistent predictions of some of the key global descriptors of the volcanic plumes. Variability in plume height, estimated from the standard deviation of model predictions, is within ~ 20% for the weak plume and ~ 10% for the strong plume. Predictions of neutral buoyancy level are also in reasonably good agreement among the different models, with a standard deviation ranging from 9 to 19% (the latter for the weak plume in a windy atmosphere). Overall, these discrepancies are in the range of observational uncertainty of column height. However, there are important differences amongst models in terms of local properties along the plume axis, particularly for the strong plume. Our analysis suggests that the simplified treatment of entrainment in 1D models is adequate to resolve the general behaviour of the weak plume. However, it is inadequate to capture complex features of the strong plume, such as large vortices, partial column collapse, or gravitational fountaining that strongly enhance entrainment in the lower atmosphere. We conclude that there is a need to more accurately quantify entrainment rates, improve the representation of plume radius, and incorporate the effects of column instability in future versions of 1D volcanic plume models.

TEFLON BELLOWS PULSE GENERATORS FOR SOLVENT EXTRACTION PULSE COLUMNS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McCarthy, P.B.

1954-01-01

A Teflon bellows-type pulse generator is described which consists of two 3-in. nominal diameter Teflon bellows mounted on either end of a flanged spool piece and rigidly connected internally by a push rod so that the two of bellows move in tandem. The ends of the two bellows are closed by means of blind flanges. Tne spool piece is designed for insertion in a 6-in. diameter nozzle on a solvent extraction pulse column. The double bellows arrangement constitutes a safety feature to prevent loss of the column contents in the event of failure of the inner bellows in contact withmore » column solution. Failure of the inner bellows may be detected by a conductivity probe mounted in the air space inside of the double bellows assembly. Reciprocating motion is imcrank arm rigidly connected through a cross head and push rod to the face of the external bellows flange. The push rod is guided by means of linear ball bushings. Frequency variation over a range of 30 to 100 cycles/ min.was obtained by use of a Thymotrol-controlled electric motor to drive the crank arm. Variable stroke adjustment (0 to 1-in. range) was possible by adjustment of linkages on the crank arm. A load compensating spring was founnd desirable to counteract the thrust on the push rod resulting tom the static pressure at the bottom of the solvent extraction column. Without the spring, accelerated wear of the bearing on the crank arm occured. The pulse generator operated uneventfully for 1776 hours (6.61x lO/sup 6/ cycles) at a frequency of 62 cycles/min. and a bellows travel of l-in. (equivalent to a displacement of 1.6 in. in a 3-in. diam. column). (auth)« less

Application of energy derivative method to determine the structural components' contribution to deceleration in crashes.

PubMed

Nagasaka, Kei; Mizuno, Koji; Thomson, Robert

2018-03-26

For occupant protection, it is important to understand how a car's deceleration time history in crashes can be designed using efficient of energy absorption by a car body's structure. In a previous paper, the authors proposed an energy derivative method to determine each structural component's contribution to the longitudinal deceleration of a car passenger compartment in crashes. In this study, this method was extended to 2 dimensions in order to analyze various crash test conditions. The contribution of each structure estimated from the energy derivative method was compared to that from a conventional finite element (FE) analysis method using cross-sectional forces. A 2-dimensional energy derivative method was established. A simple FE model with a structural column connected to a rigid body was used to confirm the validity of this method and to compare with the result of cross-sectional forces determined using conventional analysis. Applying this method to a full-width frontal impact simulation of a car FE model, the contribution and the cross-sectional forces of the front rails were compared. In addition, this method was applied to a pedestrian headform FE simulation in order to determine the influence of the structural and inertia forces of the hood structures on the deceleration of the headform undergoing planar motion. In an oblique impact of the simple column and rigid body model, the sum of the contributions of each part agrees with the rigid body deceleration, which indicates the validity of the 2-dimensional energy derivative method. Using the energy derivative method, it was observed that each part of the column contributes to the deceleration of the rigid body by collapsing in the sequence from front to rear, whereas the cross-sectional force at the rear of the column cannot detect the continuous collapse. In the full-width impact of a car, the contributions of the front rails estimated in the energy derivative method was smaller than that using the cross-sectional forces at the rear end of the front rails due to the deformation of the passenger compartment. For a pedestrian headform impact, the inertial and structural forces of the hood contributed to peaks of the headform deceleration in the initial and latter phases, respectively. Using the 2-dimensional energy derivative method, it is possible to analyze an oblique impact or a pedestrian headform impact with large rotations. This method has advantages compared to the conventional approach using cross-sectional forces because the contribution of each component to system deceleration can be determined.

Deformation of the free surface of a conducting fluid in the magnetic field of current-carrying linear conductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zubarev, N. M.; Zubareva, O. V.

2017-06-01

The magnetic shaping problem is studied for the situation where a cylindrical column of a perfectly conducting fluid is deformed by the magnetic field of a system of linear current-carrying conductors. Equilibrium is achieved due to the balance of capillary and magnetic pressures. Two two-parametric families of exact solutions of the problem are obtained with the help of conformal mapping technique. In accordance with them, the column essentially deforms in the cross section up to its disintegration.

Study of different HILIC, mixed-mode, and other aqueous normal-phase approaches for the liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based determination of challenging polar pesticides.

PubMed

Vass, Andrea; Robles-Molina, José; Pérez-Ortega, Patricia; Gilbert-López, Bienvenida; Dernovics, Mihaly; Molina-Díaz, Antonio; García-Reyes, Juan F

2016-07-01

The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of different chromatographic approaches for the liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS(/MS)) determination of 24 highly polar pesticides. The studied compounds, which are in most cases unsuitable for conventional LC-MS(/MS) multiresidue methods were tested with nine different chromatographic conditions, including two different hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) columns, two zwitterionic-type mixed-mode columns, three normal-phase columns operated in HILIC-mode (bare silica and two silica-based chemically bonded columns (cyano and amino)), and two standard reversed-phase C18 columns. Different sets of chromatographic parameters in positive (for 17 analytes) and negative ionization modes (for nine analytes) were examined. In order to compare the different approaches, a semi-quantitative classification was proposed, calculated as the percentage of an empirical performance value, which consisted of three main features: (i) capacity factor (k) to characterize analyte separation from the void, (ii) relative response factor, and (iii) peak shape based on analytes' peak width. While no single method was able to provide appropriate detection of all the 24 studied species in a single run, the best suited approach for the compounds ionized in positive mode was based on a UHPLC HILIC column with 1.8 μm particle size, providing appropriate results for 22 out of the 24 species tested. In contrast, the detection of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid could only be achieved with a zwitterionic-type mixed-mode column, which proved to be suitable only for the pesticides detected in negative ion mode. Finally, the selected approach (UHPLC HILIC) was found to be useful for the determination of multiple pesticides in oranges using HILIC-ESI-MS/MS, with limits of quantitation in the low microgram per kilogram in most cases. Graphical Abstract HILIC improves separation of multiclass polar pesticides.

Topographic shear and the relation of ocular dominance columns to orientation columns in primate and cat visual cortex.

PubMed

Wood, Richard J.; Schwartz, Eric L.

1999-03-01

Shear has been known to exist for many years in the topographic structure of the primary visual cortex, but has received little attention in the modeling literature. Although the topographic map of V1 is largely conformal (i.e. zero shear), several groups have observed topographic shear in the region of the V1/V2 border. Furthermore, shear has also been revealed by anisotropy of cortical magnification factor within a single ocular dominance column. In the present paper, we make a functional hypothesis: the major axis of the topographic shear tensor provides cortical neurons with a preferred direction of orientation tuning. We demonstrate that isotropic neuronal summation of a sheared topographic map, in the presence of additional random shear, can provide the major features of cortical functional architecture with the ocular dominance column system acting as the principal source of the shear tensor. The major principal axis of the shear tensor determines the direction and its eigenvalues the relative strength of cortical orientation preference. This hypothesis is then shown to be qualitatively consistent with a variety of experimental results on cat and monkey orientation column properties obtained from optical recording and from other anatomical and physiological techniques. In addition, we show that a recent result of Das and Gilbert (Das, A., & Gilbert, C. D., 1997. Distortions of visuotopic map match orientation singularities in primary visual cortex. Nature, 387, 594-598) is consistent with an infinite set of parameterized solutions for the cortical map. We exploit this freedom to choose a particular instance of the Das-Gilbert solution set which is consistent with the full range of local spatial structure in V1. These results suggest that further relationships between ocular dominance columns, orientation columns, and local topography may be revealed by experimental testing.

[The forensic medical evaluation of the injuries to the cervical spine in the driver and the front-seat passenger of a modern motor vehicle after the frontal crash].

PubMed

Pigolkin, Yu I; Dubrovin, I A; Sedykh, E P; Mosoyan, A S

2015-01-01

The objective of the present study was to elucidate the specific features of the lesions of the cervical spine in the driver and the front-seat passenger of a modern car after the frontal crash. We made use of the archival materials of forensic medical expertises concerning the traffic accidents carried out in the city of Moscow during the period from 2005 to 2012. The study was focused on the analysis of the character of the fractures of cervical vertebrae in the drivers (n = 55) and the front-seat passengers (n = 85) of a modern motor vehicle involved in a traffic accident. It was shown that the drivers most frequently suffer bending-extension fractures of the cervical vertebrae, with the II-IV vertebrae being especially frequently subject to multiple fractures resulting in the damage to the anterior support column, sometimes to both the anterior and posterior columns, and much rarer to the posterior column. The front-seat passengers also suffer bending-extension fractures. The IV-VI vertebrae are most frequently affected in them with isolated damages to either the anterior or the posterior support column of the neck vertebrae.

Mechanism of molecular recognition on molecular imprinted monolith by capillary electrochromatography.

PubMed

Liu, Zhao-Sheng; Xu, Yan-Li; Yan, Chao; Gao, Ru-Yu

2005-09-16

The recognition mechanism of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) in capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is complicated since it possesses a hybrid process, which comprises the features of chromatographic retention, electrophoretic migration and molecular imprinting. For an understanding of the molecular recognition of MIP in CEC, a monolithic MIP in a capillary with 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diamine (BNA) imprinting was prepared by in situ copolymerization of imprinted molecule, methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in porogenic solvent, a mixture of toluene-isooctane. Strong recognition ability and high column performance (theory plates was 43,000 plates/m) of BNA were achieved on this monolithic MIP in CEC mode. In addition, BNA and its structural analogue, 1,1'-bi-2, 2'-naphthol, differing in functional groups, were used as model compounds to study imprinting effect on the resultant BNA-imprinted monolithic column, a reference column without imprinting of BNA and a open capillary. The effects of organic modifier concentration, pH value of buffer, salt concentration of buffer and column temperature on the retention and recognition of two compounds were investigated. The results showed that the molecular recognition on MIP monolith in CEC mode mainly derived from imprinting cavities on BNA-imprinted polymer other than chromatographic retention and electrophoretic migration.

ASYMMETRIC ABSORPTION PROFILES OF Ly{alpha} AND Ly{beta} IN DAMPED Ly{alpha} SYSTEMS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lee, Hee-Won, E-mail: hwlee@sejong.ac.kr

2013-08-01

Damped Ly{alpha} systems observed in the quasar spectra are characterized by a high neutral hydrogen column density, N{sub HI} > 2 x 10{sup 20} cm{sup -2}. The absorption wing profiles are often fitted using the Voigt function due to the fact that the scattering cross section near the resonant line center is approximately described by the Lorentzian function. Since a hydrogen atom has infinitely many p states that participate in the electric dipole interaction, the cross section starts to deviate from the Lorentzian in an asymmetric way in the line wing regions. We investigate this asymmetry in the absorption linemore » profiles around Ly{alpha} and Ly{beta} as a function of the neutral hydrogen column density N{sub HI}. In terms of {Delta}{lambda} {identical_to} {lambda} - {lambda}{sub {alpha}}, we expand the Kramers-Heisenberg formula around Ly{alpha} to find {sigma}({lambda}) {approx_equal} (0.5f{sub 12}){sup 2}{sigma}{sub T}({Delta}{lambda}/{lambda}{sub {alpha}}){sup -2}[1 + 3.792({Delta}{lambda}/{lambda}{sub {alpha}})], where f{sub 12} and {sigma}{sub T} are the oscillator strength of Ly{alpha} and the Thomson scattering cross section, respectively. In terms of {Delta}{lambda}{sub 2} {identical_to} {lambda} - {lambda}{sub {beta}} in the vicinity of Ly{beta}, the total scattering cross section, given as the sum of cross sections for Rayleigh and Raman scattering, is shown to be {sigma}({lambda}) {approx_equal} {sigma}{sub T}(0.5f{sub 13}){sup 2}(1 + R{sub 0})({Delta}{lambda}{sub 2}/{lambda}{sub {beta}}){sup -2}[1 - 24.68({Delta}{lambda}{sub 2}/{lambda}{sub {beta}})] with f{sub 13} and the factor R{sub 0} = 0.1342 being the oscillator strength for Ly{beta} and the ratio of the Raman cross section to Rayleigh cross section, respectively. A redward asymmetry develops around Ly{alpha}, whereas a blue asymmetry is obtained for Ly{beta}. The absorption center shifts are found to be almost proportional to the neutral hydrogen column density.« less

Evaluation of mobile phase characteristics on three zwitterionic columns in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mode for liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry based untargeted metabolite profiling of Leishmania parasites.

PubMed

Zhang, Rong; Watson, David G; Wang, Lijie; Westrop, Gareth D; Coombs, Graham H; Zhang, Tong

2014-10-03

It has been reported that HILIC column chemistry has a great effect on the number of detected metabolites in LC-HRMS-based untargeted metabolite profiling studies. However, no systematic investigation has been carried out with regard to the optimisation of mobile phase characteristics. In this study using 223 metabolite standards, we explored the retention mechanisms on three zwitterionic columns with varied mobile phase composition, demonstrated the interference from poor chromatographic peak shapes on the output of data extraction, and assessed the quality of chromatographic signals and the separation of isomers under each LC condition. As expected, on the ZIC-cHILIC column the acidic metabolites showed improved chromatographic performance at low pH which can be attributed to the opposite arrangement of the permanently charged groups on this column in comparison with the ZIC-HILIC column. Using extracts from the protozoan parasite Leishmania, we compared the numbers of repeatedly detected LC-HRMS features under different LC conditions with putative identification of metabolites not amongst the standards being based on accurate mass (±3ppm). Besides column chemistry, the pH of the mobile phase plays a key role in not only determining the retention mechanisms of solutes but also the output of the LC-HRMS data processing. Fast evaporation of ammonium carbonate produced less ion suppression in ESI source and consequently improved the detectability of the metabolites in low abundance in comparison with other ammonium salts. Our results show that the combination of a ZIC-pHILIC column with an ammonium carbonate mobile phase, pH 9.2, at 20mM in the aqueous phase or 10mM in both aqueous and organic mobile phase components, provided the most suitable LC conditions for LC-HRMS-based untargeted metabolite profiling of Leishmania parasite extracts. The signal reliability of the mass spectrometer used in this study (Exactive Orbitrap) was also investigated. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Quantitation of triacylglycerols in edible oils by off-line comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry using a single column.

PubMed

Wei, Fang; Hu, Na; Lv, Xin; Dong, Xu-Yan; Chen, Hong

2015-07-24

In this investigation, off-line comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry using a single column has been applied for the identification and quantification of triacylglycerols in edible oils. A novel mixed-mode phenyl-hexyl chromatographic column was employed in this off-line two-dimensional separation system. The phenyl-hexyl column combined the features of traditional C18 and silver-ion columns, which could provide hydrophobic interactions with triacylglycerols under acetonitrile conditions and can offer π-π interactions with triacylglycerols under methanol conditions. When compared with traditional off-line comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography employing two different chromatographic columns (C18 and silver-ion column) and using elution solvents comprised of two phases (reversed-phase/normal-phase) for triacylglycerols separation, the novel off-line comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography using a single column can be achieved by simply altering the mobile phase between acetonitrile and methanol, which exhibited a much higher selectivity for the separation of triacylglycerols with great efficiency and rapid speed. In addition, an approach based on the use of response factor with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry has been developed for triacylglycerols quantification. Due to the differences between saturated and unsaturated acyl chains, the use of response factors significantly improves the quantitation of triacylglycerols. This two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system was successfully applied for the profiling of triacylglycerols in soybean oils, peanut oils and lord oils. A total of 68 triacylglycerols including 40 triacylglycerols in soybean oils, 50 triacylglycerols in peanut oils and 44 triacylglycerols in lord oils have been identified and quantified. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry data were analyzed using principal component analysis. The results of the principal component analysis enabled a clear identification of different plant oils. By using this two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system coupled with principal component analysis, adulterated soybean oils with 5% added lord oil and peanut oils with 5% added soybean oil can be clearly identified. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Seismic Tremors and Three-Dimensional Magma Wagging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liao, Y.; Bercovici, D.

2015-12-01

Seismic tremor is a feature shared by many silicic volcanoes and is a precursor of volcanic eruption. Many of the characteristics of tremors, including their frequency band from 0.5 Hz to 7 Hz, are common for volcanoes with very different geophysical and geochemical properties. The ubiquitous characteristics of tremor imply that it results from some generation mechanism that is common to all volcanoes, instead of being unique to each volcano. Here we present new analysis on the magma-wagging mechanism that has been proposed to generate tremor. The model is based on the suggestion given by previous work (Jellinek & Bercovici 2011; Bercovici et.al. 2013) that the magma column is surrounded by a compressible, bubble-rich foam annulus while rising inside the volcanic conduit, and that the lateral oscillation of the magma inside the annulus causes observable tremor. Unlike the previous two-dimensional wagging model where the displacement of the magma column is restricted to one vertical plane, the three-dimensional model we employ allows the magma column to bend in different directions and has angular motion as well. Our preliminary results show that, without damping from viscous deformation of the magma column, the system retains angular momentum and develops elliptical motion (i.e., the horizontal displacement traces an ellipse). In this ''inviscid'' limit, the magma column can also develop instabilities with higher frequencies than what is found in the original two-dimensional model. Lateral motion can also be out of phase for various depths in the magma column leading to a coiled wagging motion. For the viscous-magma model, we predict a similar damping rate for the uncoiled magma column as in the two-dimensional model, and faster damping for the coiled magma column. The higher damping thus requires the existence of a forcing mechanism to sustain the oscillation, for example the gas-driven Bernoulli effect proposed by Bercovici et al (2013). Finally, using our new 3-D model, the spectrum of displacement and unsynchronized cross-correlation between displacements measured from different locations can be calculated, and this can be compared to more detailed seismic measurements on well monitored volcanoes.

Implementation of the new hydrographic technologies for bottom topography and seafloor gas venting investigations in the russian northern seas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koloskov, Evgenii

2017-04-01

The report examines modern hydrographic technologies for the Russian northern seas investigations. The new hydro acoustics methods for seabed study are discussed. It presents stages of seafloor relief studies in the Russian Arctic seas since the 1950s and the obtained results. At the beginning of the 21st century an entirely new phase of bathymetric investigations began with the use of Multibeam Echosounders (MB) and modern hydrographic software. The software tools to process and analyze the bathymetry, and more recently to characterize the seabed from the backscatter, are available in a majority of modern sonar systems. Besides the bathymetry and sonar data, modern MB can produce water column images. These hydrographic technologies provide the possibility to achieve a high level of the seafloor topography. The latest generation of hydrographic MB now has the ability to provide the water column images along with the seafloor. The gas seeps from multibeam water column data can be distantly discerned against the seabed relief background with the aid of the Fledermause software package ("FMMidwater" module). The ability to integrate the water column data with the seafoor and other information,in an integrated geospatial and temporal environment, enhanced the analysis and interpretation of the data which is essential for marine geological research and investigations. The modern hydrographic equipment presents the ability to integrate the MB digital relief models (DTM) and sub bottom profiler data. This provide the possibility to obtain not only the detailed seabed topography, but also the additional information concerning the structure of under bottom soil layers and presence of the endogenous objects in near bottom environment. The importance of the hydrographic software tools needed to process and analyze the bathymetry and water column data are emphasized. The practical importance of the water column and bottom profiler data processing for the submarine gas-hydrates survey is stated. The attention is paid to the implementation of the parametric sub bottom profilers - the low frequency sonar for the sea bottom vertical section investigation. The ability for the integrated presentation of the multibeam bathymetry and vertical curtains in the 3D environment are discussed. As an example of the modern swath survey results achieved with Kongsberg EM2040CD MB and hydrographic information technology QINSy/ Fledermause, are discussed and presented. This survey was performed for the RosNeft company in the Kara sea. Recommendations for the implementation of the multi beam echo sounder and parametric sub bottom profiler for the combined hydrographic and submarine gas-hydrates survey in the Russian northern seas are delivered.The gas-hydrate survey guidelines using MB and QINSy/Fledermause software are provided. The hydrographic software tools used to process and analyze the bathymetry can create the seafloor DTM with the high degree of resolution and provide 3D visualization.These new possibilities provide such realistic view of the sea bottom relief and environment that can be characterized as the marine landscapes. Thus it became possible to investigate the relief morphological peculiarities and obtain the information about the relief genesis. This opens the new opportunities for using the acoustic techniques for varies types of marine activity including the bottom environmental study. The appearance of the bottom thermokarst activity derived from the high resolution DTM generated from the real time MB data is presented. The bottom thermokarst provides the potential threat for underwater pipelines and other submarine communications. The arctic bottom relief peculiarities are also covered including grounded hummock traces and dome-shaped elevations. The investigation of such bottom land forms has become possible recently as the result of implementing the wide swath survey methods. Such unique relief features are in general related to seabed gas venting in the form of the submarine gas-hydrates seeps. The opportunities for investigation of the morphological relief peculiarities and getting the new information is mportant also for varies types of marine activity including the marine ecology study. The arctic sea specific microrelief images are provided to show the abnormality of the bottom surface. The main attention is paid to specific and bottom features such as trenches the grounded hummock traces and dome-shaped elevations of the Pingo-type-unique forms of microrelief usually confined to the bottom gas flow in the form of methane emissions. The attention is also paid to the consequences of the global climate change and its influence on the bottom sole. Key words: hydrographic technologies, hydro acoustics methods, swathe survey, sea bottom vertical section, submarine gas-hydrates, submarine permafrost, seafloor gas venting,multi beam echo sounder, parametric sub bottom profiler.

Plastic buckling. [post-bifurcation and imperfection sensitivity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hutchinson, J. W.

1974-01-01

The present article is concerned mainly with the post-bifurcation and imperfection-sensitivity aspects of plastic buckling. A simple two-degree-of-freedom model is used to introduce post-bifurcation behavior and a second model illustrates features of the behavior of continuous solids and structures. Hill's bifurcation criterion for a class of three-dimensional solids is applied to the Donnell-Mushtari-Vlasov (DMV) theory of plates and shells. A general treatment of the initial post-bifurcation behavior of plates and shells is given within the context of the DMV theory. This is illustrated by problems involving columns and circular plates under radial compression. Numerical results are given for a column under axial compression, a circular plate under radial compression, and spherical and cylindrical shells.

All in the family: law, medicine and bioethics.

PubMed

Parker, Malcolm

2008-02-01

In this first Bioethical Issues column the author outlines some of the distinctions and congruities between ethics and law, and between bioethics and medical law. The evidence for connections is obvious and wide-ranging, appearing within health and medical education, the academic literature, statute and case law, professional guidelines and the activities of professional associations, the history of legal practice and philosophical inquiry, and the emergence of human rights theory and applications. The interpenetration of morals and law is examined first by briefly tracing the development of natural law and legal positivism. These links are then developed through a number of examples which are the subjects of both bioethical and legal interest: decision-making capacity, what constitutes good medical practice in the advance care planning context, sex selection, embryo experimentation and posthumous conception. These topics illustrate some of the explicit and some of the less obvious ways in which moral considerations and medical law interact, and suggest that biolaw can involve inconsistencies and even obfuscation which, while difficult to avoid in plural societies, are appropriate areas for examination. In the final section the author argues that bioethics and medical law share some important logical features, including a prescriptivist, principled structure, which is subject to the related requirements of specification and universalisability. Again, medico-legal illustrations are used to support this proposal, which also constitutes a suitable topic for critique. Future columns will provide the opportunity for those who care about the issues of bioethics and medical law to share their thoughts and those of their colleagues.

Liquid Crystals in Chromatography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Witkiewicz, Zygfryd

The following sections are included: * INTRODUCTION * LIQUID CRYSTALS SUITABLE FOR GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY * Monomeric Liquid Crystal Stationary Phases * Polymeric Liquid Crystal Stationary Phases * Polymeric Liquid Crystal Stationary Phases * Conventional Analytical Columns * Capillary Columns * FACTORS AFFECTING THE CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATIONS ON LIQUID CRYSTAL STATIONARY PHASES * Kind of Mesophase of the Liquid Crystal * Molecular Structure of the Liquid Crystals and of the Chromatographed Substances * Substrate on which the Liquid Crystal is Deposited * ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS OF LIQUID CRYSTAL STATIONARY PHASES IN GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY * Separation of Isomers of Benzene and Naphthalene Derivatives * Separation of Alkane and Alkene Isomers * Separation of Mixtures of Benzene and Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives Containing Heteroatoms * Separation of Polynuclear Hydrocarbons * INVESTIGATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF LIQUID CRYSTALS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY * APPLICATION OF LIQUID CRYSTALS IN LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY * Column Chromatography * Thin-Layer Chromatography * APPLICATION OF LIQUID CRYSTAL STATIONARY PHASES IN SUPERCRITICAL FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY * FINAL REMARKS * References

Bulkhead insert for an internal combustion engine

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maki, Clifford E.; Chottiner, Jeffrey Eliot; Williams, Rick L.

An engine includes a cylinder block defining at least one main bearing bulkhead adjacent to a cylinder, and a crankshaft rotatably housed within the block by a main bearing. A bulkhead insert has a cap portion, and an insert portion provided within the bulkhead. The insert portion has having first and second end regions connected by first and second straps. Each strap having a flanged beam cross section. The first and second ends of the insert portion are configured to connect a main bearing cap column to a cylinder head column. Each of the first and second end regions definemore » at least one protrusion having a surface substantially normal to engine combustion and reactive loads. The cap portion is configured to mate with the first end region at the main bearing cap column and support the main bearing.« less

Dose distributions in phantoms irradiated in thermal columns of two different nuclear reactors.

PubMed

Gambarini, G; Agosteo, S; Altieri, S; Bortolussi, S; Carrara, M; Gay, S; Nava, E; Petrovich, C; Rosi, G; Valente, M

2007-01-01

In-phantom dosimetry studies have been carried out at the thermal columns of a thermal- and a fast-nuclear reactor for investigating: (a) the spatial distribution of the gamma dose and the thermal neutron fluence and (b) the accuracy at which the boron concentration should be estimated in an explanted organ of a boron neutron capture therapy patient. The phantom was a cylinder (11 cm in diameter and 12 cm in height) of tissue-equivalent gel. Dose images were acquired with gel dosemeters across the axial section of the phantom. The thermal neutron fluence rate was measured with activation foils in a few positions of this phantom. Dose and fluence rate profiles were also calculated with Monte Carlo simulations. The trend of these profiles do not show significant differences for the thermal columns considered in this work.

What I Learned at the NCSS Annual Meeting--2007 Edition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Risinger, C. Frederick

2008-01-01

On an earlier column titled "What I learned at the NCSS Annual Meeting," the author wrote about the Internet-oriented materials and resources featured at the 2006 NCSS convention in Washington, D.C. Having received many e-mails from readers telling him that they appreciated having the opportunity to see which companies, not-for-profit,…

International trends in health science librarianship part 20: Russia.

PubMed

Murphy, Jeannette; Jargin, Serge

2017-03-01

This is the last in a series of articles exploring international trends in health science librarianship in the 21st century. The focus of the present issue is Russia. The next feature column will initiate a new series entitled New Directions in Health Science Librarianship. The first contribution will be from Australia. JM. © 2017 Health Libraries Group.

What I Learned at the NCSS Annual Meeting--2008 Edition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Risinger, C. Frederick

2009-01-01

This is the author's third time writing a column on Internet-focused sessions and exhibit resources at the NCSS annual meeting, which, this past November, met in Houston. One of the features that most impresses teachers who participate at the NCSS annual meeting is the exhibit hall, with hundreds of booths representing textbook and trade book…

78 FR 76248 - Special Conditions: Airbus, Model A350-900 Series Airplane; Side Stick Controller

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-17

... control columns and wheels. This kind of controller is designed for only one-hand operation. The... same subject: For the Airbus Model A350-900 series airplane equipped with stick controls designed for... Airbus Model A350-900 series airplanes. These airplanes will have a novel or unusual design feature...

Critical Literacy as Policy and Advocacy: Lessons from Colombia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mora, Raúl Alberto

2014-01-01

This article, the first column for this issue's Policy and Advocacy department, features a discussion about a recent experience in a graduate program in Medellín, Colombia introducing students to critical literacy. Graduate students used ideas from critical literacy to engage in an in-depth analysis of textbooks they had used in their practice.…

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kwan, T.J.T.; Snell, C.M.

The authors have demonstrated through computer simulations that self-biasing the target can effectively control the ion column which causes radial pinching of the electron beam, resulting in the growth of spot size on target. This method has the unique features in simplicity and non-intrusiveness in its implementation into radiographic systems. The concept is being actively explored experimentally at the Integrated Test Stand (ITS).

Sexism Springs Eternal--in the Reader's Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zimbardo, Philip G.; Meadow, Wendy

This document reports on an empirical investigation of anti-women humor appearing in the Reader's Digest over three decades, revealing the operation of an unconscious sexist ideology. A systematic analysis was made of 1,069 jokes appearing in two featured columns of the Reader's Digest for the two-year periods 1947-48, 1957-58, and 1967-68.…

An Update on Sino-U.S. Relations as Seen through the Chinese Mass Media.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kang, Jong Geun; Shelby, Maurice E.

To determine the extent to which Chinese mass media reflected official policy concerning U.S.-Sino relations during the six year period after the 1979 normalization of relations, a study examined Chinese newspapers and evaluated their treatment of U.S. actions. News stories, editorials, columns, and features in the Foreign Broadcasting Information…

40 CFR 799.6786 - TSCA water solubility: Generator column method.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... quantitative) analysis of solvent extract in paragraph (c)(3)(iv) of this section. The design of the generator... partition coefficients of hydrophobic substances. Journal of Research, National Bureau of Standards, 86:361...

An X-Ray Spectral Model for Clumpy Tori in Active Galactic Nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yuan; Li, Xiaobo

2014-05-01

We construct an X-ray spectral model for the clumpy torus in an active galactic nucleus (AGN) using Geant4, which includes the physical processes of the photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, Rayleigh scattering, γ conversion, fluorescence line, and Auger process. Since the electrons in the torus are expected to be bounded instead of free, the deviation of the scattering cross section from the Klein-Nishina cross section has also been included, which changes the X-ray spectra by up to 25% below 10 keV. We have investigated the effect of the clumpiness parameters on the reflection spectra and the strength of the fluorescent line Fe Kα. The volume filling factor of the clouds in the clumpy torus only slightly influences the reflection spectra, however, the total column density and the number of clouds along the line of sight significantly change the shapes and amplitudes of the reflection spectra. The effect of column density is similar to the case of a smooth torus, while a small number of clouds along the line of sight will smooth out the anisotropy of the reflection spectra and the fluorescent line Fe Kα. The smoothing effect is mild in the low column density case (N H = 1023 cm-2), whereas it is much more evident in the high column density case (N H = 1025 cm-2). Our model provides a quantitative tool for the spectral analysis of the clumpy torus. We suggest that the joint fits of the broad band spectral energy distributions of AGNs (from X-ray to infrared) should better constrain the structure of the torus.

Retrograde lag screw placement in anterior acetabular column with regard to the anterior pelvic plane and midsagittal plane -- virtual mapping of 260 three-dimensional hemipelvises for quantitative anatomic analysis.

PubMed

Ochs, Bjoern Gunnar; Stuby, Fabian Maria; Ateschrang, Atesch; Stoeckle, Ulrich; Gonser, Christoph Emanuel

2014-10-01

Percutaneous screw placement can be used for minimally invasive treatment of none or minimally displaced fractures of the anterior column. The complex pelvic geometry can pose a major challenge even for experienced surgeons. The present study examined the preformed bone stock of the anterior column in 260 hemipelvises (130 male and 130 female). Screws were virtually implanted using iPlan(®) CMF (BrainLAB AG, Feldkirchen, Germany); the maximal implant length and the maximal implant diameter were assessed. The study showed, that 6.5mm can generally be used in men; in women however individual planning is essential in regard to the maximal implant diameter since we found that in 15.4% of women, screws with a diameter less than 6.5mm were necessary. The virtual analysis of the preformed bone stock corridor of the anterior column showed two constrictions of crucial clinical importance. These can be found after 18% and 55% (men) respectively 16% and 55% (women) measured from the entry point along the axis of the implant. The entry point of the retrograde anterior column screw in our collective was located lateral of tuberculum pubicum at the level of the superior-medial margin of foramen obturatum. In female patients, the entry point was located significantly more lateral of symphysis and closer to the cranial margin of ramus superior ossis pubis. The mean angle between the screw trajectory and the anterior pelvic plane in sagittal section was 31.6 ± 5.5°, the mean angle between the screw trajectory and the midsagittal plane in axial section was 55.9 ± 4.6° and the mean angle between the screw trajectory and the midsagittal plane in coronal section was 42.1 ± 3.9° with no significant deviation between both sexes. The individual angles formed by the screw trajectory and the anterior pelvic and midsagittal plane are independent from anthropometric parameters sex, age, body length and weight. Therefore, they can be used for orientation in lag screw placement keeping in mind that the entry point differs in both sexes. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Design of Stripping Columns Applied to Drinking Water to Minimize Carcinogenic Risk from Trihalomethanes (THMs)

PubMed Central

Canosa, Joel

2018-01-01

The aim of this study is the application of a software tool to the design of stripping columns to calculate the removal of trihalomethanes (THMs) from drinking water. The tool also allows calculating the rough capital cost of the column and the decrease in carcinogenic risk indeces associated with the elimination of THMs and, thus, the investment to save a human life. The design of stripping columns includes the determination, among other factors, of the height (HOG), the theoretical number of plates (NOG), and the section (S) of the columns based on the study of pressure drop. These results have been compared with THM stripping literature values, showing that simulation is sufficiently conservative. Three case studies were chosen to apply the developed software. The first case study was representative of small-scale application to a community in Córdoba (Spain) where chloroform is predominant and has a low concentration. The second case study was of an intermediate scale in a region in Venezuela, and the third case study was representative of large-scale treatment of water in the Barcelona metropolitan region (Spain). Results showed that case studies with larger scale and higher initial risk offer the best capital investment to decrease the risk. PMID:29562670

High Strength Concrete Columns under Axial Compression Load: Hybrid Confinement Efficiency of High Strength Transverse Reinforcement and Steel Fibers

PubMed Central

Perceka, Wisena; Liao, Wen-Cheng; Wang, Yo-de

2016-01-01

Addition of steel fibers to high strength concrete (HSC) improves its post-peak behavior and energy absorbing capability, which can be described well in term of toughness. This paper attempts to obtain both analytically and experimentally the efficiency of steel fibers in HSC columns with hybrid confinement of transverse reinforcement and steel fibers. Toughness ratio (TR) to quantify the confinement efficiency of HSC columns with hybrid confinement is proposed through a regression analysis by involving sixty-nine TRs of HSC without steel fibers and twenty-seven TRs of HSC with hybrid of transverse reinforcement and steel fibers. The proposed TR equation was further verified by compression tests of seventeen HSC columns conducted in this study, where twelve specimens were reinforced by high strength rebars in longitudinal and transverse directions. The results show that the efficiency of steel fibers in concrete depends on transverse reinforcement spacing, where the steel fibers are more effective if the spacing transverse reinforcement becomes larger in the range of 0.25–1 effective depth of the section column. Furthermore, the axial load–strain curves were developed by employing finite element software (OpenSees) for simulating the response of the structural system. Comparisons between numerical and experimental axial load–strain curves were carried out. PMID:28773391

Principle of Parsimony, Fake Science, and Scales

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yeh, T. C. J.; Wan, L.; Wang, X. S.

2017-12-01

Considering difficulties in predicting exact motions of water molecules, and the scale of our interests (bulk behaviors of many molecules), Fick's law (diffusion concept) has been created to predict solute diffusion process in space and time. G.I. Taylor (1921) demonstrated that random motion of the molecules reach the Fickian regime in less a second if our sampling scale is large enough to reach ergodic condition. Fick's law is widely accepted for describing molecular diffusion as such. This fits the definition of the parsimony principle at the scale of our concern. Similarly, advection-dispersion or convection-dispersion equation (ADE or CDE) has been found quite satisfactory for analysis of concentration breakthroughs of solute transport in uniformly packed soil columns. This is attributed to the solute is often released over the entire cross-section of the column, which has sampled many pore-scale heterogeneities and met the ergodicity assumption. Further, the uniformly packed column contains a large number of stationary pore-size heterogeneity. The solute thus reaches the Fickian regime after traveling a short distance along the column. Moreover, breakthrough curves are concentrations integrated over the column cross-section (the scale of our interest), and they meet the ergodicity assumption embedded in the ADE and CDE. To the contrary, scales of heterogeneity in most groundwater pollution problems evolve as contaminants travel. They are much larger than the scale of our observations and our interests so that the ergodic and the Fickian conditions are difficult. Upscaling the Fick's law for solution dispersion, and deriving universal rules of the dispersion to the field- or basin-scale pollution migrations are merely misuse of the parsimony principle and lead to a fake science ( i.e., the development of theories for predicting processes that can not be observed.) The appropriate principle of parsimony for these situations dictates mapping of large-scale heterogeneities as detailed as possible and adapting the Fick's law for effects of small-scale heterogeneity resulting from our inability to characterize them in detail.

Constraining Cometary Crystal Shapes from IR Spectral Features

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wooden, D. H.; Lindsay, S.; Harker, D. E.; Kelley, M. S.; Woodward, C. E.; Murphy, J. R.

2013-12-01

A major challenge in deriving the silicate mineralogy of comets is ascertaining how the anisotropic nature of forsterite crystals affects the spectral features' wavelength, relative intensity, and asymmetry. Forsterite features are identified in cometary comae near 10, 11.05-11.2, 16, 19, 23.5, 27.5 and 33 μm [1-10], so accurate models for forsterite's absorption efficiency (Qabs) are a primary requirement to compute IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs, λFλ vs. λ) and constrain the silicate mineralogy of comets. Forsterite is an anisotropic crystal, with three crystallographic axes with distinct indices of refraction for the a-, b-, and c-axis. The shape of a forsterite crystal significantly affects its spectral features [13-16]. We need models that account for crystal shape. The IR absorption efficiencies of forsterite are computed using the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) code DDSCAT [11,12]. Starting from a fiducial crystal shape of a cube, we systematically elongate/reduce one of the crystallographic axes. Also, we elongate/reduce one axis while the lengths of the other two axes are slightly asymmetric (0.8:1.2). The most significant grain shape characteristic that affects the crystalline spectral features is the relative lengths of the crystallographic axes. The second significant grain shape characteristic is breaking the symmetry of all three axes [17]. Synthetic spectral energy distributions using seven crystal shape classes [17] are fit to the observed SED of comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp). The Hale-Bopp crystalline residual better matches equant, b-platelets, c-platelets, and b-columns spectral shape classes, while a-platelets, a-columns and c-columns worsen the spectral fits. Forsterite condensation and partial evaporation experiments demonstrate that environmental temperature and grain shape are connected [18-20]. Thus, grain shape is a potential probe for protoplanetary disk temperatures where the cometary crystalline forsterite formed. The forsterite crystal shapes (equant, b-platelets, c-platelets, b-colums - excluding a- and c-columns) derived from our modeling [17] of comet Hale-Bopp, compared to laboratory synthesis experiments [18], suggests that these crystals are high temperature condensates. By observing and modeling the crystalline features in comet ISON, we may constrain forsterite crystal shape(s) and link to their formation temperature(s) and environment(s). References: [1] Campins, H., Ryan, E.V. 1989. ApJ, 341, 1059 [2] Crovisier, J., et al. 1997. Science, 275, 1904 [3] Wooden, D.H., et al. 1999. ApJ, 517, 1034 [4] Wooden, D.H., et al. 2004. ApJL, 612, L77 [5] Harker, D.E., et al. 2002. ApJ, 580, 579 [6] --. 2004, ApJ, 615, 1081 [7] Lisse, C.M., et al. 2006. Icarus 195, 941-944. [8] Lisse, C.M., et.al. 2007. Icarus 191, 223-240. [9] Kelley, M.S., et al. 2010, LPSC, 41, #2375 [10] Harker, D.E., et al. 2011, AJ, 141, 26 [11] Draine, B.T., & Flatau, P.J. 1994, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 11, 1491 [12] Draine, B.T., & Flatau, P.J. 2008, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 25, 2693 [13] Fabian, D., et al., 2001, A&A, 378, 228 [14] Tamanai, A., et al. 2006. ApJ, 648, L147 [15] Tamanai, A., et al. 2009. ASP Conf. Ser., 414, 438 [16] Koike, C., et al. 2010. ApJ, 709, 983 [17] Lindsay, S.S., et al. 2013, ApJ, 766, 54 [18] Tsuchiyama, A. 1998. Mineralogical J., 20, 59 [19] Kobatake, H., et al., 2008. Icarus, 198, 208 [20] Takigawa, A., et al.. 2009. ApJL, 707, L97

In situ nitrogen removal from leachate by bioreactor landfill with limited aeration

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shao Liming; He Pinjing; Li Guojian

2008-07-01

The feasibility of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a bioreactor landfill with limited aeration was assessed. Three column reactors, simulating bioreactor landfill operations under anaerobic condition (as reference), intermittent forced aeration and enhanced natural aeration were hence established, where aerated columns passed through two phases, i.e., fresh landfill and well-decomposed landfill. The experimental results show that limited aeration decreased nitrogen loadings of leachate distinctly in the fresh landfill. In the well-decomposed landfill, the NH{sub 4}{sup +}-N of the input leachate could be nitrified completely in the aerated landfill columns. The nitrifying loadings of the column cross section reached 7.9 gmore » N/m{sup 2} d and 16.9 g N/m{sup 2} d in the simulated landfill columns of intermittent forced aeration and enhanced natural aeration, respectively. The denitrification was influenced by oxygen distribution in the landfill column. Intermittent existence of oxygen in the landfill with the intermittent forced aeration was favorable to denitrify the NO{sub 2}{sup -}-N and NO{sub 3}{sup -}-N, indicated by the high denitrification efficiency (>99%) under the condition of BOD{sub 5}/TN of more than 5.4 in leachate; locally persistent existence of oxygen in the landfill with enhanced natural aeration could limit the denitrification, indicated by relatively low denitrification efficiency of about 75% even when the BOD{sub 5}/TN in leachate had an average of 7.1.« less

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Gamma Ray Bursts detected by Swift (2004-2015) (Buchner+, 2017)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buchner, J.; Schulze, S.; Bauer, F.

2016-04-01

Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB) typically show intrinsic LOS column densities of 1021-23cm2. We performed a thorough statistical analysis of all available X-ray spectra of Swift-detected GRBs. In the associated paper we use sub-samples to analyse the population properties of LGRB and concluded that the obscuration is due to large-scale gas inside the GRB host galaxy, due to the shape of the column density distribution and its correlation with host stellar mass. This catalogue presents X-ray spectral analysis of all Swift-detected GRBs. It includes information about the GRB (ID, Swift Trigger ID, duration, RA/Dec in J2000, galactic coordinates, Milky Way column density). Those properties are taken from the http://www.swift.ac.uk/ and http://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/ websites. We removed prompt emission and flares, leaving only a certain time interval for spectral extraction. We use two models to analyse X-ray spectra: TBABS and SPHERE. Both include updated abundances and cross-sections as compared to previous works. The latter includes the effects of Compton-scattering and FeKa fluorescence relevant at high column densities. Columns list the posterior mean, standard deviation, 10% and 90% quantiles. Note that the column densities are converted to hydrogen assuming local ISM abundances, but are derived primarily from photo-electric absorption of e.g. Fe and O, and therefore primarily measure metal gas. (2 data files).

Rates and cycles of microbial sulfate reduction in the hyper-saline Dead Sea over the last 200 kyrs from sedimentary d34S and d18O(SO4)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Torfstein, Adi; Turchyn, Alexandra V.

2017-08-01

We report the d34S and d18O(SO4) values measured in gypsum, pyrite, and elemental sulfur through a 456-m thick sediment core from the center of the Dead Sea, representing the last 200 kyrs, as well as from the exposed glacial outcrops of the Masada M1 section located on the margins of the modern Dead Sea. The results are used to explore and quantify the evolution of sulfur microbial metabolism in the Dead Sea and to reconstruct the lake’s water column configuration during the late Quaternary. Layers and laminae of primary gypsum, the main sulfur-bearing mineral in the sedimentary column, display the highest d34S and d18O(SO4) in the range of 13-28‰ and 13-30‰, respectively. Within this group, gypsum layers deposited during interglacials have lower d34S and d18O(SO4) relative to those associated with glacial or deglacial stages. The reduced sulfur phases, including chromium reducible sulfur, and secondary gypsum crystals are characterized by extremely low d34S in the range of -27 to +7‰. The d18O(SO4) of the secondary gypsum in the M1 outcrop ranges from 8 to 14‰. The relationship between d34S and d18O(SO4) of primary gypsum suggests that the rate of microbial sulfate reduction was lower during glacial relative to interglacial times. This suggests that the freshening of the lake during glacial wet intervals, and the subsequent rise in sulfate concentrations, slowed the rate of microbial metabolism. Alternatively, this could imply that sulfate-driven anaerobic methane oxidation, the dominant sulfur microbial metabolism today, is a feature of the hypersalinity in the modern Dead Sea. Sedimentary sulfides are quantitatively oxidized during epigenetic exposure, retaining the lower d34S signature; the d18O(SO4) of this secondary gypsum is controlled by oxygen atoms derived equally from atmospheric oxygen and from water, which is likely a unique feature in this hyperarid environment.

UV - THEODORE ROOSEVELT NATIONAL PARK ND

EPA Science Inventory

Brewer 131 is located in Theodore Roosevelt NP (South Section), measuring ultraviolet solar radiation. Irradiance and column ozone are derived from this data. Ultraviolet solar radiation is measured with a Brewer Mark IV, single-monochrometer, spectrophotometer manufactured by SC...

23. Interior view of SE corner of first floor of ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

23. Interior view of SE corner of first floor of 1896 south section of building, showing windows and column. Camera pointed SE. - Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Pattern Shop, Farragut Avenue, Bremerton, Kitsap County, WA

Thermospheric O I 844.6-nm emission in twilight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bahsoun-Hamade, F.; Wiens, R. H.; Shepherd, G. G.; Richards, P. G.

1994-01-01

The thermospheric O I 844.6-nm column emission rate was measured over Toronto, a midlatitude station, in the autumn of 1991 using an imaging Fabry-Perot spectrometer. Twilight decay curves were measured on four clear evenings when the solar zenith angle was between 95 degs and 104 degs, giving corresponding column emission rates between 874 R and 130 R at 20 degs elevation angle in the azimuth of the Sun. The expected decay curves were calculated from the field line interhemisperic plasma model assuming only photoelectron impact excitation as the production mechanism with a cross section appropriate to an optically thin atmosphere. The agreement was good when the solar and geomagnetic activity levels were low to moderate, but the emission rate was overestimated during high activity periods. The comparison indicates that the photoelectron impact mechanism with a thin-atmosphere cross section is sufficient to explain the twilight decay of the thermospheric O I 844.6-nm emission.

Small scale H I structure and the soft X-ray background

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jahoda, K.; Mccammon, D.; Lockman, F. J.

1986-01-01

The observed anticorrelation between diffuse soft X-ray flux and H I column density has been explained as absorption of soft X-rays produced in a hot galactic halo, assuming that the neutral interstellar material is sufficiently clumped to reduce the soft X-ray absorption cross section by a factor of two to three. A 21 cm emission line study of H I column density variations at intermediate and high galactic latitudes to 10' spatial resolution has been done. The results confirm conclusions from preliminary work at coarser resolution, and in combination with other data appear to rule out the hypothesis that clumping of neutral interstellar matter on any angular scale significantly reduces X-ray absorption cross sections in the 0.13 - 0.28 keV energy range. It is concluded therefore that the observed anticorrelation is not primarily a consequence of absorption of soft X-rays produced in a hot galactic halo.

Mutations in FLVCR1 Cause Posterior Column Ataxia and Retinitis Pigmentosa

PubMed Central

Rajadhyaksha, Anjali M.; Elemento, Olivier; Puffenberger, Erik G.; Schierberl, Kathryn C.; Xiang, Jenny Z.; Putorti, Maria L.; Berciano, José; Poulin, Chantal; Brais, Bernard; Michaelides, Michel; Weleber, Richard G.; Higgins, Joseph J.

2010-01-01

The study of inherited retinal diseases has advanced our knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in sensory neural signaling. Dysfunction of two specific sensory modalities, vision and proprioception, characterizes the phenotype of the rare, autosomal-recessive disorder posterior column ataxia and retinitis pigmentosa (PCARP). Using targeted DNA capture and high-throughput sequencing, we analyzed the entire 4.2 Mb candidate sequence on chromosome 1q32 to find the gene mutated in PCARP in a single family. Employing comprehensive bioinformatic analysis and filtering, we identified a single-nucleotide coding variant in the feline leukemia virus subgroup C cellular receptor 1 (FLVCR1), a gene encoding a heme-transporter protein. Sanger sequencing confirmed the FLVCR1 mutation in this family and identified different homozygous missense mutations located within the protein's transmembrane channel segment in two other unrelated families with PCARP. To determine whether the selective pathologic features of PCARP correlated with FLVCR1 expression, we examined wild-type mouse Flvcr1 mRNA levels in the posterior column of the spinal cord and the retina via quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR. The Flvcr1 mRNA levels were most abundant in the retina, followed by the posterior column of the spinal cord and other brain regions. These results suggest that aberrant FLVCR1 causes a selective degeneration of a subpopulation of neurons in the retina and the posterior columns of the spinal cord via dysregulation of heme or iron homeostasis. This finding broadens the molecular basis of sensory neural signaling to include common mechanisms that involve proprioception and vision. PMID:21070897

Zinc movement in sewage-sludge-treated soils as influenced by soil properties, irrigation water quality, and soil moisture level

USGS Publications Warehouse

Welch, J.E.; Lund, L.J.

1989-01-01

A soil column study was conducted to assess the movement of Zn in sewage-sludge-amended soils. Varables investigated were soil properties, irrigation water quality, and soil moisture level. Bulk samples of the surface layer of six soil series were packed into columns, 10.2 cm in diameter and 110 cm in length. An anaerobically digested municipal sewage sludge was incorporated into the top 20 cm of each column at a rate of 300 mg ha-1. The columns were maintained at moisture levels of saturation and unsaturation and were leached with two waters of different quality. At the termination of leaching, the columns were cut open and the soil was sectioned and analyzed. Zinc movement was evaluated by mass balance accounting and correlation and regression analysis. Zinc movement in the unsaturated columns ranged from 3 to 30 cm, with a mean of 10 cm. The difference in irrigation water quality did not have an effect on Zn movement. Most of the Zn applied to the unsaturated columns remained in the sludge-amended soil layer (96.1 to 99.6%, with a mean of 98.1%). The major portion of Zn leached from the sludge-amended soil layer accumulated in the 0- to 3-cm depth (35.7 to 100%, with a mean of 73.6%). The mean final soil pH values decreased in the order: saturated columns = sludge-amended soil layer > untreated soils > unsaturated columns. Total Zn leached from the sludge-amended soil layer was correlated negatively at P = 0.001 with final pH (r = -0.85). Depth of Zn movement was correlated negatively at P = 0.001 with final pH (r = -0.91). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the final pH accounted for 72% of the variation in the total amounts of Zn leached from the sludge-amended soil layer of the unsaturated columns and accounted for 82% of the variation in the depth of Zn movement among the unsaturated columns. A significant correlation was not found between Zn and organic carbon in soil solutions, but a negative correlation significant at P = 0.001 was found between pH and Zn (r = -0.61).

Schinus terebinthifolius countercurrent chromatography (Part III): Method transfer from small countercurrent chromatography column to preparative centrifugal partition chromatography ones as a part of method development.

PubMed

das Neves Costa, Fernanda; Hubert, Jane; Borie, Nicolas; Kotland, Alexis; Hewitson, Peter; Ignatova, Svetlana; Renault, Jean-Hugues

2017-03-03

Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) and centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) are support free liquid-liquid chromatography techniques sharing the same basic principles and features. Method transfer has previously been demonstrated for both techniques but never from one to another. This study aimed to show such a feasibility using fractionation of Schinus terebinthifolius berries dichloromethane extract as a case study. Heptane - ethyl acetate - methanol -water (6:1:6:1, v/v/v/v) was used as solvent system with masticadienonic and 3β-masticadienolic acids as target compounds. The optimized separation methodology previously described in Part I and II, was scaled up from an analytical hydrodynamic CCC column (17.4mL) to preparative hydrostatic CPC instruments (250mL and 303mL) as a part of method development. Flow-rate and sample loading were further optimized on CPC. Mobile phase linear velocity is suggested as a transfer invariant parameter if the CPC column contains sufficient number of partition cells. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

TRANSPOSABLE REGULARIZED COVARIANCE MODELS WITH AN APPLICATION TO MISSING DATA IMPUTATION

PubMed Central

Allen, Genevera I.; Tibshirani, Robert

2015-01-01

Missing data estimation is an important challenge with high-dimensional data arranged in the form of a matrix. Typically this data matrix is transposable, meaning that either the rows, columns or both can be treated as features. To model transposable data, we present a modification of the matrix-variate normal, the mean-restricted matrix-variate normal, in which the rows and columns each have a separate mean vector and covariance matrix. By placing additive penalties on the inverse covariance matrices of the rows and columns, these so called transposable regularized covariance models allow for maximum likelihood estimation of the mean and non-singular covariance matrices. Using these models, we formulate EM-type algorithms for missing data imputation in both the multivariate and transposable frameworks. We present theoretical results exploiting the structure of our transposable models that allow these models and imputation methods to be applied to high-dimensional data. Simulations and results on microarray data and the Netflix data show that these imputation techniques often outperform existing methods and offer a greater degree of flexibility. PMID:26877823

TRANSPOSABLE REGULARIZED COVARIANCE MODELS WITH AN APPLICATION TO MISSING DATA IMPUTATION.

PubMed

Allen, Genevera I; Tibshirani, Robert

2010-06-01

Missing data estimation is an important challenge with high-dimensional data arranged in the form of a matrix. Typically this data matrix is transposable , meaning that either the rows, columns or both can be treated as features. To model transposable data, we present a modification of the matrix-variate normal, the mean-restricted matrix-variate normal , in which the rows and columns each have a separate mean vector and covariance matrix. By placing additive penalties on the inverse covariance matrices of the rows and columns, these so called transposable regularized covariance models allow for maximum likelihood estimation of the mean and non-singular covariance matrices. Using these models, we formulate EM-type algorithms for missing data imputation in both the multivariate and transposable frameworks. We present theoretical results exploiting the structure of our transposable models that allow these models and imputation methods to be applied to high-dimensional data. Simulations and results on microarray data and the Netflix data show that these imputation techniques often outperform existing methods and offer a greater degree of flexibility.

Hot and cold gas toward young stellar objects

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mitchell, George F.; Maillard, Jean-Pierre; Allen, Mark; Beer, Reinhard; Belcourt, Kenneth

1990-01-01

High-resolution M band spectra are presented for the seven embedded IR sources W3 IRS 5, S140 IRS1, NGC 7538 IRS 1, NGC 7538 IRS 9, GL 2136, LkH-alpha 101, and MWC 349A, and the data are combined with previously published work for W33A and GL 2591. Cold CO is seen toward all nine sources, with temperatures from 11 K to 66 K. Column densities of cold CO are presented. Hot gas is seen toward eight of the nine objects with temperatures from 120 K to 1010 K. New lower limits to the hot gas density are obtained. The hot gas toward GL 2591, GL 2136, W3 IRS 5, and S140 IRS 1 is probably very near the central source and heated via gas-grain collisions. The optical depth in the silicate feature is strongly correlated with the (C-13)O column density, confirming that silicate optical depth is a useful measure of gas column density. The ratio of solid-to-gaseous CO is obtained for seven sources.

Multiclonal plastic antibodies for selective aflatoxin extraction from food samples.

PubMed

Bayram, Engin; Yılmaz, Erkut; Uzun, Lokman; Say, Rıdvan; Denizli, Adil

2017-04-15

Herein, we focused on developing a new generation of monolithic columns for extracting aflatoxin from real food samples by combining the superior features of molecularly imprinted polymers and cryogels. To accomplish this, we designed multiclonal plastic antibodies through simultaneous imprinting of aflatoxin subtypes B1, B2, G1, and G2. We applied Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and spectrofluorimetry to characterize the materials, and conducted selectivity studies using ochratoxin A and aflatoxin M1 (a metabolite of aflatoxin B1), as well as other aflatoxins, under competitive conditions. We determined optimal aflatoxin extraction conditions in terms of concentration, flow rate, temperature, and embedded particle amount as up to 25ng/mL for each species, 0.43mL/min, 7.0, 30°C, and 200mg, respectively. These multiclonal plastic antibodies showed imprinting efficiencies against ochratoxin A and aflatoxin M1 of 1.84 and 26.39, respectively, even under competitive conditions. Finally, we tested reusability, repeatability, reproducibility, and robustness of columns throughout inter- and intra-column variation studies. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tropical Tropospheric Ozone Climatology: Approaches Based on SHADOZ Observations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thompson, Anne M.; Witte, Jacquelyn C.; Chatfield, Robert B.; Hudson, Robert D.; Andrade, Marcos; Coetzee, Geert J. R.; Posny, Francoise

2004-01-01

The SHADOZ (Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes) ozone sounding network was initiated in 1998 to improve the coverage of tropical in-situ ozone measurements for satellite validation, algorithm development and related process studies. Over 2000 soundings have been archived at the central website, , for 12 stations that span the entire equatorial zone [Thompson et al., JGR, 108,8238, 2003]. The most striking features of tropospheric ozone profiles in SHADOZ are: (1) persistent longitudinal variability in tropospheric ozone profiles, with a 10-15 DU column-integrated difference between Atlantic and Pacific sites; (2) intense short-term variability triggered by changing meteorological conditions and advection of pollution. The implications of these results for profile climatologies and trends are described along with several approaches to classifying ozone profiles: 1) Seasonal means during MAM (March-April-May) and SON (September-October-November); 2) Maxima and minima, identified through correlation of TOMS-derived TTO (tropical tropospheric ozone) column depth with the sonde integrated tropospheric ozone column; and 3) Meteorological regimes, a technique that is effective in the subtropics where tropical and mid-latitude conditions alternate.

Formulation design for target delivery of iron nanoparticles to TCE zones.

PubMed

Wang, Ziheng; Acosta, Edgar

2013-12-01

Nanoparticles of zero-valent iron (NZVI) are effective reducing agents for some dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contaminants such as trichloroethylene (TCE). However, target delivery of iron nanoparticles to DNAPL zones in the aquifer remains an elusive feature for NZVI technologies. This work discusses three strategies to deliver iron nanoparticles to DNAPL zones. To this end, iron oxide nanoparticles coated with oleate (OL) ions were used as stable analogs for NZVI. The OL-coated iron oxide nanoparticles are rendered lipophilic via (a) the addition of CaCl2, (b) acidification, or (c) the addition of a cationic surfactant, benzethonium chloride (BC). Mixtures of OL and BC show promise as a target delivery strategy due to the high stability of the nanoparticles in water, and their preferential partition into TCE in batch experiments. Column tests show that while the OL-BC coated iron oxide nanoparticles remain largely mobile in TCE-free columns, a large fraction of these particles are retained in TCE-contaminated columns, confirming the effectiveness of this target delivery strategy. © 2013.

Electronic delocalization in discotic liquid crystals: a joint experimental and theoretical study.

PubMed

Crispin, Xavier; Cornil, Jérôme; Friedlein, Rainer; Okudaira, Koji Kamiya; Lemaur, Vincent; Crispin, Annica; Kestemont, Gaël; Lehmann, Matthias; Fahlman, Mats; Lazzaroni, Roberto; Geerts, Yves; Wendin, Göran; Ueno, Nobuo; Brédas, Jean-Luc; Salaneck, William R

2004-09-29

Discotic liquid crystals emerge as very attractive materials for organic-based (opto)electronics as they allow efficient charge and energy transport along self-organized molecular columns. Here, angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARUPS) is used to investigate the electronic structure and supramolecular organization of the discotic molecule, hexakis(hexylthio)diquinoxalino[2,3-a:2',3'-c]phenazine, deposited on graphite. The ARUPS data reveal significant changes in the electronic properties when going from disordered to columnar phases, the main feature being a decrease in ionization potential by 1.8 eV following the appearance of new electronic states at low binding energy. This evolution is rationalized by quantum-chemical calculations performed on model stacks containing from two to six molecules, which illustrate the formation of a quasi-band structure with Bloch-like orbitals delocalized over several molecules in the column. The ARUPS data also point to an energy dispersion of the upper pi-bands in the columns by some 1.1 eV, therefore highlighting the strongly delocalized nature of the pi-electrons along the discotic stacks.

Operation, Maintenance and Performance Evaluation of the Potomac Estuary Experimental Water Treatment Plant. Appendix. Volume 2.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-09-01

1.2 . 7*96.69 Ŕ.40 2.43 1.16 1.7 T*100 96.40 S.45 6.22 1.4 701100049 940 .36 4.11 1.0 MKWTP Finished Water (See Table H4-20 for Results) Nu mbrs ...carbon submerged in water when loading. This provides for a uniformly packed column. c. Continue adding carbon and column sections until the desired...difficult to evaluate. Because influent to the aeration basin is submerged at an underflow baffle, it was necessary to inject the tracer at the upstream

Divertor for use in fusion reactors

DOEpatents

Christensen, Uffe R.

1979-01-01

A poloidal divertor for a toroidal plasma column ring having a set of poloidal coils co-axial with the plasma ring for providing a space for a thick shielding blanket close to the plasma along the entire length of the plasma ring cross section and all the way around the axis of rotation of the plasma ring. The poloidal coils of this invention also provide a stagnation point on the inside of the toroidal plasma column ring, gently curving field lines for vertical stability, an initial plasma current, and the shaping of the field lines of a separatrix up and around the shielding blanket.

Optimal graph based segmentation using flow lines with application to airway wall segmentation.

PubMed

Petersen, Jens; Nielsen, Mads; Lo, Pechin; Saghir, Zaigham; Dirksen, Asger; de Bruijne, Marleen

2011-01-01

This paper introduces a novel optimal graph construction method that is applicable to multi-dimensional, multi-surface segmentation problems. Such problems are often solved by refining an initial coarse surface within the space given by graph columns. Conventional columns are not well suited for surfaces with high curvature or complex shapes but the proposed columns, based on properly generated flow lines, which are non-intersecting, guarantee solutions that do not self-intersect and are better able to handle such surfaces. The method is applied to segment human airway walls in computed tomography images. Comparison with manual annotations on 649 cross-sectional images from 15 different subjects shows significantly smaller contour distances and larger area of overlap than are obtained with recently published graph based methods. Airway abnormality measurements obtained with the method on 480 scan pairs from a lung cancer screening trial are reproducible and correlate significantly with lung function.

Carbon X-ray absorption in the local ISM: fingerprints in X-ray Novae spectra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gatuzz, Efraín; Ness, J.-U.; Gorczyca, T. W.; Hasoglu, M. F.; Kallman, Timothy R.; García, Javier A.

2018-06-01

We present a study of the C K-edge using high-resolution LETGS Chandra spectra of four novae during their super-soft-source (SSS) phase. We identified absorption lines due to C II Kα, C III Kα and C III Kβ resonances. We used these astronomical observations to perform a benchmarking of the atomic data, which involves wavelength shifts of the resonances and photoionization cross-sections. We used improved atomic data to estimate the C II and C III column densities. The absence of physical shifts for the absorption lines, the consistence of the column densities between multiple observations and the high temperature required for the SSS nova atmosphere modeling support our conclusion about an ISM origin of the respective absorption lines. Assuming a collisional ionization equilibrium plasma the maximum temperature derived from the ratio of C II/C III column densities of the absorbers correspond to Tmax < 3.05 × 104 K.

Bias, Power, Influence, and Competence: The Implications of Human Nature on the New NIH Conflicts of Interest Regulations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Slocum, J. Michael

2012-01-01

Voice of Experience advances the tradition of service of the "Journal of Research Administration" by fostering consideration of and reflection upon contemporary issues and concerns in research administration. VOE is a celebrated feature column in each edition of the Journal. In this article, the author presents a review of recent literature…

77 FR 69562 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Thea Foss Waterway Previously Known as City Waterway, Tacoma, WA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-20

... shape in the ``Actions'' column. If you submit your comments by mail or hand delivery, submit them in an... unique features of the Murray Morgan Bridge is its height above the waterway providing 60 feet of... bridge openings are for locally moored and operated recreational sailboats with mast heights over 60 feet...

International Trends in Health Science Librarianship Part 19: The Balkan States (Bulgaria and Croatia).

PubMed

Kirilova, Savina; Skoric, Lea

2016-09-01

This is the 19th in a series of articles exploring international trends in health science librarianship in the 21st century. The focus of the present issue is the Balkan Region (Bulgaria and Croatia). The next regular feature column will investigate two other Balkan states - Serbia and Slovenia. JM. © 2016 Health Libraries Group.

Simulation and observation of line-slip structures in columnar structures of soft spheres

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Winkelmann, J.; Haffner, B.; Weaire, D.; Mughal, A.; Hutzler, S.

2017-07-01

We present the computed phase diagram of columnar structures of soft spheres under pressure, of which the main feature is the appearance and disappearance of line slips, the shearing of adjacent spirals, as pressure is increased. A comparable experimental observation is made on a column of bubbles under forced drainage, clearly exhibiting the expected line slip.

Simulation and observation of line-slip structures in columnar structures of soft spheres.

PubMed

Winkelmann, J; Haffner, B; Weaire, D; Mughal, A; Hutzler, S

2017-07-01

We present the computed phase diagram of columnar structures of soft spheres under pressure, of which the main feature is the appearance and disappearance of line slips, the shearing of adjacent spirals, as pressure is increased. A comparable experimental observation is made on a column of bubbles under forced drainage, clearly exhibiting the expected line slip.

Idea Place: Early Grades. [Columns Compiled from Seven Issues of Learning Magazine, September to November 1982 and January to April-May 1983.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Learning, 1983

1983-01-01

The "Idea Place," a regular feature carried by the magazine "Learning," provides an assortment of practical teaching techniques selected from commercially available materials and from ideas submitted by readers. Games, puzzles, and other activities are given for the areas of language arts, reading, mathematics, science, social…

International Trends in Health Science Librarianship Part 18: The Middle East (Iran, Qatar and Turkey).

PubMed

Zeraatkar, Kimia; Ayatollahi, Haleh; Havlin, Tracy; Neves, Karen; Şendir, Mesra

2016-06-01

This is the 18th in a series of articles exploring international trends in health science librarianship in the 21st century. The focus of the present issue is the Middle East (Iran, Qatar and Turkey). The next feature column will investigate trends in the Balkan States JM. © 2016 Health Libraries Group.

Forging Ahead! Teachers Reflect on the Early Adopter Program to Implement the Common Core State Standards

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koning, Erin; Houghtby, Beth; Izard, Patrice; Schuler, Jennifer

2014-01-01

This "water cooler" column features e-mail conversations between Erin Koning and three teachers--Beth, Jenna, and Patrice--and is a reflection of their participation in a Chicago Public School (CPS), professional development series designed to support the implementation of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) in grades K-12. At the…

Focus on Infants & Toddlers (Ages 0-3): A Quarterly Newsletter for the Education Community, 2000-2001.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barry, Virginia M., Ed.; Cantor, Patricia, Ed.

2001-01-01

These four quarterly newsletter issues address various topics of interest to child caregivers. Each issue includes articles on a specific theme, along with regular news or a column by an AECI Executive Board vice president. The Fall 2000 issue focuses on the special features and unique concerns of employer-sponsored child care, with one article…

Complexities of plinian fall deposition at vent: An example from the 1912 Novarupta eruption (Alaska)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fierstein, J.; Houghton, Bruce F.; Wilson, C.J.N.; Hildreth, W.

1997-01-01

An extremely proximal ejecta ring, with exposures to within 100 m of vent, was deposited during later-stage plinian fall activity during the 1912 Novarupta eruption in Alaska. One bed in the ejecta ring (bed S) contains predominantly andesitic clasts which serve to delineate the striking contrast in thinning rates along dispersal axis of the ejecta ring [Pyle bt values of 70 m (bed S alone) or 190 m (whole ejecta ring)] and the coeval dacitic plinian fall deposits [Pyle bt, values of 4 km (proximal) and 37 km (medial-distal)]. The locally deposited andesitic and dacitic clasts of the ejecta ring are interpreted as products of an irregular 'collar' of low-fountaining ejecta partially sheathing the core of higher-velocity dacitic ejecta that fed the stable, convecting 23-km-high column. The presence of such an extremely proximal accumulation of ejecta appears to be a feature common to several other historic eruptions that generated widespread fall deposits. This feature in part accounts for conflicts between measured and calculated values for thickness maxima in plinian fall deposits and suggests that modifications may be required of existing models for plinian eruption columns.

Broadband Lidar Technique for Precision CO2 Measurement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heaps, William S.

2008-01-01

Presented are preliminary experimental results, sensitivity measurements and discuss our new CO2 lidar system under development. The system is employing an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), superluminescent light emitting diode (SLED) as a source and our previously developed Fabry-Perot interferometer subsystem as a detector part. Global measurement of carbon dioxide column with the aim of discovering and quantifying unknown sources and sinks has been a high priority for the last decade. The goal of Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons (ASCENDS) mission is to significantly enhance the understanding of the role of CO2 in the global carbon cycle. The National Academy of Sciences recommended in its decadal survey that NASA put in orbit a CO2 lidar to satisfy this long standing need. Existing passive sensors suffer from two shortcomings. Their measurement precision can be compromised by the path length uncertainties arising from scattering within the atmosphere. Also passive sensors using sunlight cannot observe the column at night. Both of these difficulties can be ameliorated by lidar techniques. Lidar systems present their own set of problems however. Temperature changes in the atmosphere alter the cross section for individual CO2 absorption features while the different atmospheric pressures encountered passing through the atmosphere broaden the absorption lines. Currently proposed lidars require multiple lasers operating at multiple wavelengths simultaneously in order to untangle these effects. The current goal is to develop an ultra precise, inexpensive new lidar system for precise column measurements of CO2 changes in the lower atmosphere that uses a Fabry-Perot interferometer based system as the detector portion of the instrument and replaces the narrow band laser commonly used in lidars with the newly available high power SLED as the source. This approach reduces the number of individual lasers used in the system from three or more to one - considerably reducing the risk of failure. It also tremendously reduces the requirement for wavelength stability in the source putting this responsibility instead on the Fabry-Perot subsystem.

Acoustic assessment of sound scattering zooplankton in warm- and cold-core eddies in the Gulf of Mexico

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zimmerman, Robert Allen

Zooplankton and micronekton which cause a density discontinuity with the surrounding seawater reflect acoustic energy. This acoustic backscatter intensity (ABI) was measured using a vessel mounted 153 kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler. The ABI was used to describe vertical migration and distribution of sound scatterers in several mesoscale hydrographic features commonly found in the Gulf of Mexico: cold-core rings (CCRs), warm-core Loop Current eddies (LCEs) and the Loop Current (LC). The present paradigm contends that cold- core (cyclonic) features are mesoscale areas of enhanced production due to an influx of new nitrogen to surface waters as a result of divergent flow. The null hypothesis which was tested in this study was that the acoustic signatures of these features were not significantly different from one another. Clear diel differences in all of the features and a robust, positive correlation between ABI and plankton and micronekton wet displacement volume collected in MOCNESS tows in the upper 100 m of the water column were observed. During the day, ABI in CCRs was significantly greater than in LCEs and in the LC with regards to the upper 200 m. However, ABI in the LCEs and LC were not significantly different from each other. During the night, the ABI in the upper 50 m of the CCRs was significantly greater than that in the LCEs and the LC. However, there were no differences between features when ABI at night was summed for the entire upper 200 m, due to substantial vertical migrations of organisms into the upper 200 m of the water column at night. Two LCEs were revisited at an age of 8-9 months after their initial acoustic transects. The null hypothesis that there would be no significant difference in integrated ABI when the LCEs were resampled was rejected: both LCEs showed a reduction in integrated ABI over the upper 200 m. Further investigations into the faunal changes of these features are warranted, but the ADCP should continue to be a useful tool in the examination of the distribution of sound scatterers in mesoscale features in the Gulf of Mexico.

75 FR 23592 - Safety Zone; Neuse River, New Bern, NC; Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-04

... Celebration. The City of New Bern, North Carolina is sponsoring a civil war naval bombardment reenactment on... made: 1. In the Discussion of the Rule section on page 21165, in the second column, revise the...

Ground based NO2 and O3 measurements by visible spectrometer at Syowa Base (69 deg S), Antarctica

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kondo, Y.; Matthews, W. A.; Johnston, Paul V.; Hayashi, M.; Koike, M.; Iwasaka, Y.; Shimizu, A.; Budiyono, A.; Yamanouchi, T.; Aoki, S.

1994-01-01

The column amounts of NO2 and ozone have been measured using visible spectroscopy at Syowa Base (69 deg S) since March 1990. Ozone was also measured at the same location with a Dobson spectrometer as well as ozonesondes being flown regularly. The characteristic features of the seasonal and diurnal variations of NO2 are presented. The column ozone values from the visible spectrometers are compared with the Dobson data. The very low values of NO2 in midwinter and early spring are consistent with the conditions predicted to be needed for heterogeneous ozone destruction in early spring. In late spring and summer of 1991, NO2 amounts were considerably smaller than in 1990, presumably due to the effect of Mt. Pinatubo eruption.

Improved Signal Chains for Readout of CMOS Imagers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pain, Bedabrata; Hancock, Bruce; Cunningham, Thomas

2009-01-01

An improved generic design has been devised for implementing signal chains involved in readout from complementary metal oxide/semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors and for other readout integrated circuits (ICs) that perform equivalent functions. The design applies to any such IC in which output signal charges from the pixels in a given row are transferred simultaneously into sampling capacitors at the bottoms of the columns, then voltages representing individual pixel charges are read out in sequence by sequentially turning on column-selecting field-effect transistors (FETs) in synchronism with source-follower- or operational-amplifier-based amplifier circuits. The improved design affords the best features of prior source-follower-and operational- amplifier-based designs while overcoming the major limitations of those designs. The limitations can be summarized as follows: a) For a source-follower-based signal chain, the ohmic voltage drop associated with DC bias current flowing through the column-selection FET causes unacceptable voltage offset, nonlinearity, and reduced small-signal gain. b) For an operational-amplifier-based signal chain, the required bias current and the output noise increase superlinearly with size of the pixel array because of a corresponding increase in the effective capacitance of the row bus used to couple the sampled column charges to the operational amplifier. The effect of the bus capacitance is to simultaneously slow down the readout circuit and increase noise through the Miller effect.

Basic Oxygen Furnace steel slag aggregates for phosphorus treatment. Evaluation of its potential use as a substrate in constructed wetlands.

PubMed

Blanco, Ivan; Molle, Pascal; Sáenz de Miera, Luis E; Ansola, Gemma

2016-02-01

Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) steel slag aggregates from NW Spain were tested in batch and column experiments to evaluate its potential use as a substrate in constructed wetlands (CWs). The objectives of this study were to identify the main P removal mechanisms of BOF steel slag and determine its P removal capacity. Also, the results were used to discuss the suitability of this material as a substrate to be used in CWs. Batch experiments with BOF slag aggregates and increasing initial phosphate concentrations showed phosphate removal efficiencies between 84 and 99% and phosphate removal capacities from 0.12 to 8.78 mg P/g slag. A continuous flow column experiment filled with BOF slag aggregates receiving an influent synthetic solution of 15 mg P/L during 213 days showed a removal efficiency greater than 99% and a phosphate removal capacity of 3.1 mg P/g slag. In both experiments the main P removal mechanism was found to be calcium phosphate precipitation which depends on Ca(2+) and OH(-) release from the BOF steel slag after dissolution of Ca(OH)2 in water. P saturation of slag was reached within the upper sections of the column which showed phosphate removal capacities between 1.7 and 2.5 mg P/g slag. Once Ca(OH)2 was completely dissolved in these column sections, removal efficiencies declined gradually from 99% until reaching stable outlet concentrations with P removal efficiencies around 7% which depended on influent Ca(2+) for limited continuous calcium phosphate precipitation. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fundamental Studies on Two-Phase Gas-Liquid Flows Through Packed Beds in Microgravity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Balakotaiah, Vemuri; McCready, Mark J.; Motil, Brian J.

2002-01-01

In the typical operation of a packed-bed reactor, gas and liquid flow simultaneously through a fixed bed of solid particles. Depending on the application, the particles can be of various shapes and sizes and provide for intimate contact and high rates of transport between the phases needed to sustain chemical or biological reactions. The packing may also serve as either a catalyst or as a support for growing biological material. NASA has flown two of these packed-bed systems in a microgravity environment with limited or no success. The goal of this research is to develop models (with scale-up capability) needed for the design of the physicochemical equipment to carry out these unit operations in microgravity. New insight will also lead to improvements in normal gravity operations. Our initial experiment was flown using an existing KC-135 two-phase flow rig with a modified test section. The test section is a clear polycarbonate rectangular column with a depth of 2.54 cm, a width of 5.08 cm, and 60 cm long. The column was randomly packed with spherical glass beads by slowly dropping the beads into the bed. Even though care was taken in handling the column after it was filled with packing, the alternating high and low gravity cycles with each parabola created a slightly tighter packed bed than is typically reported for this type. By the usual method of comparing the weight difference of a completely dry column versus a column filled with water, the void fraction was found to be .345 for both sizes of beads used. Five flush mounted differential pressure transducers are spaced at even intervals with the first location 4 cm from the inlet port and the subsequent pressure transducers spaced at 13 cm intervals along the column. Differential pressure data was acquired at 1000 Hz to adequately observe pulse formation and characteristics. Visual images of the flow were recorded using a high-speed SVHS system at 500 frames per second. Over 250 different test conditions were evaluated along with a companion set of tests in normal gravity. The flow rates, fluid properties and packing properties were selected to provide a range of several orders-of-magnitude for the important dimensionless parameters. Additional information is included in the original extended abstract.

Analyses of sulfonamide antibiotics in meat samples by on-line concentration capillary electrochromatography-mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Cheng, Yi-Jie; Huang, Sing-Hao; Singco, Brenda; Huang, Hsi-Ya

2011-10-21

In this work, a series of poly(divinylbenzene-alkyl methacrylate) monolithic stationary phases, which were prepared by single step in situ polymerization of divinylbenzene and various alkyl methacrylates (butyl-, octyl-, lauryl- or stearyl methacrylate), were developed as separation columns of nine common sulfonamide antibiotics for capillary electrochromatography (CEC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). Results indicated that the sulfonamide's retention became weak with increased carbon chain length of alkyl methacrylate monomer (for example, t(R)=68 min and 21 min for butyl- and lauryl methacrylate, respectively). Among them, the poly(divinylbenzene-octyl methacrylate) (poly(DVB-OMA)) monolith was regarded as the optimal separation column as this provided better resolution within the shortest retention time. Moreover, the cross-sectional roughness of the monolithic column-end, that was used to couple to the ESI interface, strongly influenced the electrospray stability in the CEC-MS. Before the column was connected to the ESI-MS, a simple polishing was done to reduce the roughness of the column end that resulted to a great improvement in the signal stability. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the peak areas for the unpolished and polished ends of the poly(DVB-OMA) columns (n=5) were in the range of 46.1-60.2% and 8.9-16.4%, respectively. Furthermore, optimization of the mobile phase composition and the gradient elution strategy successfully determined the sulfonamide antibiotics in meat samples with as low as 10 μg/L level. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Near-Infrared Band Strengths of Molecules Diluted in N2 and H20 Ice Mixtures Relevant to Interstellar and Planetary Ices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Richey, C. R.; Richey, Christina R.

2012-01-01

In order to determine the column density of a component of an ice from its infrared absorption features, the strengths of these features must be known. The peak positions, widths, profiles, and strengths of a certain ice component's infrared absorption features are affected be the overall composition of the ice. Many satellites within the solar system have surfaces that are dominated by H2O or N2 and ices in the interstellar medium (ISM) are primarily composed of H2O. The experiments presented here focus on the near-infrared absorption features of CO, CO2, CH4, and NH3 (nu=10,000-4,000/cm, lambda=1-2.5 microns) and the effects of diluting these molecules in N2 or H2O ice (mixture ratio of 5:1). This is a continuation of previous results published by our research group.

Correlations in the three-dimensional Lyman-alpha forest contaminated by high column density absorbers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rogers, Keir K.; Bird, Simeon; Peiris, Hiranya V.; Pontzen, Andrew; Font-Ribera, Andreu; Leistedt, Boris

2018-05-01

Correlations measured in three dimensions in the Lyman-alpha forest are contaminated by the presence of the damping wings of high column density (HCD) absorbing systems of neutral hydrogen (H I; having column densities N(H I) > 1.6 × 10^{17} atoms cm^{-2}), which extend significantly beyond the redshift-space location of the absorber. We measure this effect as a function of the column density of the HCD absorbers and redshift by measuring three-dimensional (3D) flux power spectra in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations from the Illustris project. Survey pipelines exclude regions containing the largest damping wings. We find that, even after this procedure, there is a scale-dependent correction to the 3D Lyman-alpha forest flux power spectrum from residual contamination. We model this residual using a simple physical model of the HCD absorbers as linearly biased tracers of the matter density distribution, convolved with their Voigt profiles and integrated over the column density distribution function. We recommend the use of this model over existing models used in data analysis, which approximate the damping wings as top-hats and so miss shape information in the extended wings. The simple `linear Voigt model' is statistically consistent with our simulation results for a mock residual contamination up to small scales (|k| < 1 h Mpc^{-1}). It does not account for the effect of the highest column density absorbers on the smallest scales (e.g. |k| > 0.4 h Mpc^{-1} for small damped Lyman-alpha absorbers; HCD absorbers with N(H I) ˜ 10^{21} atoms cm^{-2}). However, these systems are in any case preferentially removed from survey data. Our model is appropriate for an accurate analysis of the baryon acoustic oscillations feature. It is additionally essential for reconstructing the full shape of the 3D flux power spectrum.

18 CFR 157.209 - Temporary compression facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... authorization. If the cost does not exceed the cost limitations set forth in column 1 of Table I, under § 157... section, the certificate holder must report the following in the manner prescribed in §§ 157.6(a) and 385...

19 CFR 132.18 - License for certain worsted wool fabric subject to tariff-rate quota.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... consumption (Customs Form 7501, column 34), or its electronic equivalent (see paragraph (c)(1) of this section... suits, suit-type jackets, or trousers, as required under these subheadings. (c) Validity of license—(1...

19 CFR 132.18 - License for certain worsted wool fabric subject to tariff-rate quota.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... consumption (Customs Form 7501, column 34), or its electronic equivalent (see paragraph (c)(1) of this section... suits, suit-type jackets, or trousers, as required under these subheadings. (c) Validity of license—(1...

19 CFR 132.18 - License for certain worsted wool fabric subject to tariff-rate quota.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... consumption (Customs Form 7501, column 34), or its electronic equivalent (see paragraph (c)(1) of this section... suits, suit-type jackets, or trousers, as required under these subheadings. (c) Validity of license—(1...

19 CFR 132.18 - License for certain worsted wool fabric subject to tariff-rate quota.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... consumption (Customs Form 7501, column 34), or its electronic equivalent (see paragraph (c)(1) of this section... suits, suit-type jackets, or trousers, as required under these subheadings. (c) Validity of license—(1...

19 CFR 132.18 - License for certain worsted wool fabric subject to tariff-rate quota.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... consumption (Customs Form 7501, column 34), or its electronic equivalent (see paragraph (c)(1) of this section... suits, suit-type jackets, or trousers, as required under these subheadings. (c) Validity of license—(1...

Developing large-scale forcing data for single-column and cloud-resolving models from the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment

DOE PAGES

Xie, Shaocheng; Klein, Stephen A.; Zhang, Minghua; ...

2006-10-05

[1] This study represents an effort to develop Single-Column Model (SCM) and Cloud-Resolving Model large-scale forcing data from a sounding array in the high latitudes. An objective variational analysis approach is used to process data collected from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (M-PACE), which was conducted over the North Slope of Alaska in October 2004. In this method the observed surface and top of atmosphere measurements are used as constraints to adjust the sounding data from M-PACE in order to conserve column-integrated mass, heat, moisture, and momentum. Several important technical and scientific issues related tomore » the data analysis are discussed. It is shown that the analyzed data reasonably describe the dynamic and thermodynamic features of the Arctic cloud systems observed during M-PACE. Uncertainties in the analyzed forcing fields are roughly estimated by examining the sensitivity of those fields to uncertainties in the upper-air data and surface constraints that are used in the analysis. Impacts of the uncertainties in the analyzed forcing data on SCM simulations are discussed. Results from the SCM tests indicate that the bulk features of the observed Arctic cloud systems can be captured qualitatively well using the forcing data derived in this study, and major model errors can be detected despite the uncertainties that exist in the forcing data as illustrated by the sensitivity tests. Lastly, the possibility of using the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts analysis data to derive the large-scale forcing over the Arctic region is explored.« less

Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography for the Packed Bed Reactor ISS Flight Experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marashdeh, Qussai; Motil, Brian; Wang, Aining; Liang-Shih, Fan

2013-01-01

Fixed packed bed reactors are compact, require minimum power and maintenance to operate, and are highly reliable. These features make this technology a highly desirable unit operation for long duration life support systems in space. NASA is developing an ISS experiment to address this technology with particular focus on water reclamation and air revitalization. Earlier research and development efforts funded by NASA have resulted in two hydrodynamic models which require validation with appropriate instrumentation in an extended microgravity environment. To validate these models, the instantaneous distribution of the gas and liquid phases must be measured.Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT) is a non-invasive imaging technology recently developed for multi-phase flow applications. It is based on distributing flexible capacitance plates on the peripheral of a flow column and collecting real-time measurements of inter-electrode capacitances. Capacitance measurements here are directly related to dielectric constant distribution, a physical property that is also related to material distribution in the imaging domain. Reconstruction algorithms are employed to map volume images of dielectric distribution in the imaging domain, which is in turn related to phase distribution. ECVT is suitable for imaging interacting materials of different dielectric constants, typical in multi-phase flow systems. ECVT is being used extensively for measuring flow variables in various gas-liquid and gas-solid flow systems. Recent application of ECVT include flows in risers and exit regions of circulating fluidized beds, gas-liquid and gas-solid bubble columns, trickle beds, and slurry bubble columns. ECVT is also used to validate flow models and CFD simulations. The technology is uniquely qualified for imaging phase concentrations in packed bed reactors for the ISS flight experiments as it exhibits favorable features of compact size, low profile sensors, high imaging speed, and flexibility to fit around columns of various shapes and sizes. ECVT is also safer than other commonly used imaging modalities as it operates in the range of low frequencies (1 MHz) and does not radiate radioactive energy. In this effort, ECVT is being used to image flow parameters in a packed bed reactor for an ISS flight experiment.

Gravity and magnetic anomaly modeling and correlation using the SPHERE program and Magsat data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Braile, L. W.; Hinze, W. J. (Principal Investigator); Vonfrese, R. R. B.

1980-01-01

The spherical Earth inversion, modeling, and contouring software were tested and modified for processing data in the Southern Hemisphere. Preliminary geologic/tectonic maps and selected cross sections for South and Central America and the Caribbean region are being compiled and as well as gravity and magnetic models for the major geological features of the area. A preliminary gravity model of the Andeas Beniff Zone was constructed so that the density columns east and west of the subducted plates are in approximate isostatic equilibrium. The magnetic anomaly for the corresponding magnetic model of the zone is being computed with the SPHERE program. A test tape containing global magnetic measurements was converted to a tape compatible with Purdue's CDC system. NOO data were screened for periods of high diurnal activity and reduced to anomaly form using the IGS-75 model. Magnetic intensity anomaly profiles were plotted on the conterminous U.S. map using the track lines as the anomaly base level. The transcontinental magnetic high seen in POGO and MAGSAT data is also represented in the NOO data.

Rossby-gravity waves in tropical total ozone data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stanford, J. L.; Ziemke, J. R.

1993-01-01

Evidence for Rossby-gravity waves in tropical data fields produced by the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) was recently reported. Similar features are observable in fields of total column ozone from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) satellite instrument. The observed features are episodic, have zonal (east-west) wavelengths of 6,000-10,000 km, and oscillate with periods of 5-10 days. In accord with simple linear theory, the modes exhibit westward phase progression and eastward group velocity. The significance of finding Rossby-gravity waves in total ozone fields is that (1) the report of similar features in ECMWF tropical fields is corroborated with an independent data set and (2) the TOMS data set is demonstrated to possess surprising versatility and sensitivity to relatively smaller scale tropical phenomena.

Low-rank matrix fitting based on subspace perturbation analysis with applications to structure from motion.

PubMed

Jia, Hongjun; Martinez, Aleix M

2009-05-01

The task of finding a low-rank (r) matrix that best fits an original data matrix of higher rank is a recurring problem in science and engineering. The problem becomes especially difficult when the original data matrix has some missing entries and contains an unknown additive noise term in the remaining elements. The former problem can be solved by concatenating a set of r-column matrices that share a common single r-dimensional solution space. Unfortunately, the number of possible submatrices is generally very large and, hence, the results obtained with one set of r-column matrices will generally be different from that captured by a different set. Ideally, we would like to find that solution that is least affected by noise. This requires that we determine which of the r-column matrices (i.e., which of the original feature points) are less influenced by the unknown noise term. This paper presents a criterion to successfully carry out such a selection. Our key result is to formally prove that the more distinct the r vectors of the r-column matrices are, the less they are swayed by noise. This key result is then combined with the use of a noise model to derive an upper bound for the effect that noise and occlusions have on each of the r-column matrices. It is shown how this criterion can be effectively used to recover the noise-free matrix of rank r. Finally, we derive the affine and projective structure-from-motion (SFM) algorithms using the proposed criterion. Extensive validation on synthetic and real data sets shows the superiority of the proposed approach over the state of the art.

[Recent advances and applications of capillary electrochromatography and pressurized capillary electrochromatography].

PubMed

Wu, Yi; Zhang, Xiaohui; Wei, Juan; Xue, Yunyun; Bahatibieke, Marjan; Wang, Yan; Yan, Chao

2009-09-01

Capillary electrochromatography (CEC), in which electroosmotic flow (EOF) created from the electrical double layer is made to act as a pump to drive the mobile phase in a capillary column packed with micro-particulates or coated with stationary phase. Both neutral and charged species can be resolved by CEC. It has been demonstrated that the efficiency of a separation obtained by electroosmotic propulsion is superior to that obtained by pressure-driven flow (as is the case in HPLC). CEC combines the best features of CE and versatile selectivity and large sample capacity of HPLC, promising high efficiency, high resolution, high selectivity and high peak capacity. However, in practice, when CEC is used without pressure, often used on a commercial CE instrument, there are problems and difficulties associated with bubbles formation and column dry-out. These difficulties can be overcome by a pressurized CEC (pCEC) system, in which a supplementary pressure is applied to the column in addition to the EOF. In such a system, a pressure can be applied to the capillary column to suppress bubbles formation. Quantitative sample introduction in pCEC can be easily achieved through a rotary-type injector. Most importantly, it is amenable for a solvent gradient mode, similar to that in HPLC, by programming the composition of mobile phase. The article brings a comprehensive survey of recent development of CEC and pCEC, including the development of instrumentation, capillary columns and stationary phase as well as CEC and pCEC applications in life science, biotechnology, pharmaceutical analysis, food safety and environmental security. Prospects for CEC and pCEC development and application are also discussed.

Determination of perchlorate in drinking water by ion chromatography using macrocycle-based concentration and separation methods.

PubMed

Lamb, John D; Simpson, David; Jensen, Bryce D; Gardner, Joseph S; Peterson, Quinn P

2006-06-16

Macrocycle-based ion chromatography provides a convenient, reliable method for the determination of perchlorate ion, which is currently of great interest to the environmental community. This study shows that effective perchlorate determinations can be made using standard conductimetric detection by combining an 18-crown-6-based mobile phase with an underivatized reversed-phase mobile phase ion chromatography (MPIC) column. One unique feature of this method is the flexibility in column capacity that is achieved through simple variations in eluent concentrations of 18-crown-6 and KOH, facilitating the separation of target analyte anions such as perchlorate. Using a standard anion exchange column as concentrator makes possible the determination of perchlorate as low as 0.2 ug/L in low ionic strength matrices. Determination of perchlorate at the sub-ug/L level in pure water and in spiked local city hard water samples with high background ion concentrations can be achieved this way. However, like other IC techniques, this method is challenged to achieve analyses at the ug/L level in the demanding high ionic strength matrix described by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (1,000 mg/L chloride, sulfate and carbonate). We approached this challenge by use of the Cryptand C1 concentrator column, provided by Dionex Corporation, to effectively preconcentrate perchlorate while reducing background ion concentrations in the high ionic strength matrix. The retention characteristics of the concentrator column were studied in order to maximize its effectiveness for perchlorate determinations. The method makes possible the determination of perchlorate at the 5 ug/L level in the highest ionic strength matrix described by the EPA.

Global ozone observations from the UARS MLS: An overview of zonal-mean results

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Froidevaux, L.; Waters, J.W.; Read, W.G.

1994-10-15

Global ozone observations from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) aboard the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) are presented, in both vertically resolved and column abundance formats. The authors review the zonal-mean ozone variations measured over the two and a half years since launch in September 1991. Well-known features such as the annual and semiannual variations are ubiquitous. In the equatorial regions, longer-term changes are believed to be related to the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), with a strong semiannual signal above 20 hPa. Ozone values near 50 hPa exhibit an equatorial low from October 1991 to June 1992, after which the lowmore » ozone pattern splits into two subtropical lows (possibly in connection with residual circulation changes tied to the QBO) and returns to an equatorial low in September 1993. The ozone hole development at high southern latitudes is apparent in MLS column data integrated down to 100 hPa, with a pattern generally consistent with Nimbus-7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) measurements of total column; the MLS data reinforce current knowledge of this lower-stratospheric phenomenon by providing a height-dependent view of the variations. The region from 30{degrees}S to 30{degrees}N (an area equal to half the global area) shows very little change in the ozone column from year to year and within each year. Finally, residual ozone values extracted from TOMS-minus-MLS column data are briefly presented as a preliminary view into the potential usefulness of such studies, with information on tropospheric ozone as an ultimate goal. 99 refs., 13 figs.« less

Simultaneous X-ray and Far-Ultraviolet Spectra of AGN with ASCA and HUT

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kriss, Gerard A.

1997-01-01

We obtained ASCA spectra of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 3516 in March 1995. Simultaneous far-UV observations were obtained with the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope on the Astro-2 shuttle mission. The ASCA spectrum shows a lightly absorbed power law of energy index 0.78. The low energy absorbing column is significantly less than previously seen. Prominent 0 VII and 0 VIII absorption edges are visible, but, consistent with the much lower total absorbing column, no Fe K absorption edge is detectable. A weak, narrow Fe K(alpha) emission line from cold material is present as well as a broad Fe K(alpha) line. These features are similar to those reported in other Seyfert 1 galaxies. A single warm absorber model provides only an imperfect description of the low energy absorption. In addition to a highly ionized absorber with ionization parameter U = 1.66 and a total column density of 1.4 x 10(exp 22)/sq cm, adding a lower ionization absorber with U = 0.32 and a total column of 6.9 x 10(exp 21)/sq cm significantly improves the fit. The contribution of resonant line scattering to our warm absorber models limits the Doppler parameter to less than 160 km/s at 90% confidence. Turbulence at the sound speed of the photoionized gas provides the best fit. None of the warm absorber models fit to the X-ray spectrum can match the observed equivalent widths of all the UV absorption lines. Accounting for the X-ray and UV absorption simultaneously requires an absorbing region with a broad range of ionization parameters and column densities.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Techtmann, Stephen M.; Fortney, Julian L.; Ayers, Kati A.

The waters of the Eastern Mediterranean are characterized by unique physical and chemical properties within separate water masses occupying different depths. Distinct water masses are present throughout the oceans, which drive thermohaline circulation. These water masses may contain specific microbial assemblages. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of physical and geological phenomena on the microbial community of the Eastern Mediterranean water column. Chemical measurements were combined with phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the microbial community in the water column at five sites. We demonstrate that the chemistry and microbialmore » community of the water column were stratified into three distinct water masses. The salinity and nutrient concentrations vary between these water masses. Nutrient concentrations increased with depth, and salinity was highest in the intermediate water mass. Our PLFA analysis indicated different lipid classes were abundant in each water mass, suggesting that distinct groups of microbes inhabit these water masses. 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed the presence of distinct microbial communities in each water mass. Taxa involved in autotrophic nitrogen cycling were enriched in the intermediate water mass suggesting that microbes in this water mass may be important to the nitrogen cycle of the Eastern Mediterranean. The Eastern Mediterranean also contains numerous active hydrocarbon seeps. We sampled above the North Alex Mud Volcano, in order to test the effect of these geological features on the microbial community in the adjacent water column. The community in the waters overlaying the mud volcano was distinct from other communities collected at similar depths and was enriched in known hydrocarbon degrading taxa. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that physical phenomena such stratification as well as geological phenomena such as mud volcanoes strongly affect microbial community structure in the Eastern Mediterranean water column.« less

Consideration of grain packing in granular iron treatability studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Firdous, R.; Devlin, J. F.

2014-08-01

Commercial granular iron (GI) is light steel that is used in Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs). Investigations into the reactivity of GI have focused on its chemical nature and relatively little direct work has been done to account for the effects of grain shape and packing. Both of these factors are expected to influence available grain surface area, which is known to correlate to reactivity. Commercial granular iron grains are platy and therefore pack in preferential orientations that could affect solution access to the surface. Three packing variations were investigated using Connelly Iron and trichloroethylene (TCE). Experimental kinetic data showed reaction rates 2-4 times higher when grains were packed with long axes preferentially parallel to flow (VP) compared to packings with long axes preferentially perpendicular to flow (HP) or randomly arranged (RP). The variations were found to be explainable by variations in reactive sorption capacities, i.e., sorption to sites where chemical transformations took place. The possibility that the different reactive sorption capacities were related to physical pore-scale differences was assessed by conducting an image analysis of the pore structure of sectioned columns. The analyses suggested that pore-scale factors - in particular the grain surface availability, reflected in the sorption capacity terms of the kinetic model used - could only account for a fraction of the observed reactivity differences between packing types. It is concluded that packing does affect observable reaction rates but that micro-scale features on the grain surfaces, rather than the pore scale characteristics, account for most of the apparent reactivity differences. This result suggests that treatability tests should consider the packing of columns carefully if they are to mimic field performance of PRBs to the greatest extent possible.

HPAC Info-dex 4: Locating recently published HPAC articles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1995-06-01

This is an alphabetical index of articles recently published in the Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning magazine. The lists include feature editorial material and articles from HPAC`s You`ll Want To Know Department. For each entry the month and year of publication are given, followed by the page number. Material is indexed by type of system, construction, or function. All regular columns are included.

Si K EDGE STRUCTURE AND VARIABILITY IN GALACTIC X-RAY BINARIES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schulz, Norbert S.; Corrales, Lia; Canizares, Claude R.

2016-08-10

We survey the Si K edge structure in various absorbed Galactic low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) to study states of silicon in the inter- and circum-stellar medium. The bulk of these LMXBs lie toward the Galactic bulge region and all have column densities above 10{sup 22} cm{sup −2}. The observations were performed using the Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer. The Si K edge in all sources appears at an energy value of 1844 ± 0.001 eV. The edge exhibits significant substructure that can be described by a near edge absorption feature at 1849 ± 0.002 eV and a far edgemore » absorption feature at 1865 ± 0.002 eV. Both of these absorption features appear variable with equivalent widths up to several mÅ. We can describe the edge structure using several components: multiple edge functions, near edge absorption excesses from silicates in dust form, signatures from X-ray scattering optical depths, and a variable warm absorber from ionized atomic silicon. The measured optical depths of the edges indicate much higher values than expected from atomic silicon cross sections and interstellar medium abundances, and they appear consistent with predictions from silicate X-ray absorption and scattering. A comparison with models also indicates a preference for larger dust grain sizes. In many cases, we identify Si xiii resonance absorption and determine ionization parameters between log ξ = 1.8 and 2.8 and turbulent velocities between 300 and 1000 km s{sup −1}. This places the warm absorber in close vicinity of the X-ray binaries. In some data, we observe a weak edge at 1.840 keV, potentially from a lesser contribution of neutral atomic silicon.« less

Only@JCE Online

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Holmes, Jon L.

2001-08-01

The JCE High School ChemEd Learning Information Center (CLIC) and Buyers Guide continue to be updated with each issue of the print Journal. Every month, links to articles of interest to high school teachers are added to CLIC. Links to all new book and media reviews are added to the Buyers Guide. Additions to the Biographical Snapshots of Famous Women and Minority Chemists (March 2001) and the updated WWW Site Review feature (July 2001) have been previously noted in this column. The Conceptual Questions and Challenge Problems feature has a useful, new tool, Chemical Concepts Inventory, that can be used to assess the level of chemistry misconceptions held by students.

Vacuum ultraviolet detector for gas chromatography.

PubMed

Schug, Kevin A; Sawicki, Ian; Carlton, Doug D; Fan, Hui; McNair, Harold M; Nimmo, John P; Kroll, Peter; Smuts, Jonathan; Walsh, Phillip; Harrison, Dale

2014-08-19

Analytical performance characteristics of a new vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) detector for gas chromatography (GC) are reported. GC-VUV was applied to hydrocarbons, fixed gases, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, fatty acids, pesticides, drugs, and estrogens. Applications were chosen to feature the sensitivity and universal detection capabilities of the VUV detector, especially for cases where mass spectrometry performance has been limited. Virtually all chemical species absorb and have unique gas phase absorption cross sections in the approximately 120-240 nm wavelength range monitored. Spectra are presented, along with the ability to use software for deconvolution of overlapping signals. Some comparisons with experimental synchrotron data and computed theoretical spectra show good agreement, although more work is needed on appropriate computational methods to match the simultaneous broadband electronic and vibronic excitation initiated by the deuterium lamp. Quantitative analysis is governed by Beer-Lambert Law relationships. Mass on-column detection limits reported for representatives of different classes of analytes ranged from 15 (benzene) to 246 pg (water). Linear range measured at peak absorption for benzene was 3-4 orders of magnitude. Importantly, where absorption cross sections are known for analytes, the VUV detector is capable of absolute determination (without calibration) of the number of molecules present in the flow cell in the absence of chemical interferences. This study sets the stage for application of GC-VUV technology across a wide breadth of research areas.

TEM study of {beta} Prime precipitate interaction mechanisms with dislocations and {beta} Prime interfaces with the aluminium matrix in Al-Mg-Si alloys

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Teichmann, Katharina; Marioara, Calin D.; Andersen, Sigmund J.

The interaction mechanisms between dislocations and semi-coherent, needle-shaped {beta} Prime precipitates in Al-Mg-Si alloys have been studied by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). Dislocation loops appearing as broad contrast rings around the precipitate cross-sections were identified in the Al matrix. A size dependency of the interaction mechanism was observed; the precipitates were sheared when the longest dimension of their cross-section was shorter than approximately 15 nm, and looped otherwise. A more narrow ring located between the Al matrix and bulk {beta} Prime indicates the presence of a transition interface layer. Together with the bulk {beta} Prime structure, this wasmore » further investigated by High Angle Annular Dark Field Scanning TEM (HAADF-STEM). In the bulk {beta} Prime a higher intensity could be correlated with a third of the Si-columns, as predicted from the published structure. The transition layer incorporates Si columns in the same arrangement as in bulk {beta} Prime , although it is structurally distinct from it. The Z-contrast information and arrangement of these Si-columns demonstrate that they are an extension of the Si-network known to structurally connect all the precipitate phases in the Al-Mg-Si(-Cu) system. The width of the interface layer was estimated to about 1 nm. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer {beta} Prime is found to be looped at sizes larger than 15 nm (cross section diameter). Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer {beta} Prime is found to be sheared at sizes smaller than 15 nm (cross section diameter). Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The recently determined crystal structure of {beta} Prime is confirmed by HAADF-STEM. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Between {beta} Prime and the Al-matrix a transition layer of about 1 nm is existent. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The {beta} Prime /matrix layer is structurally distinct from bulk {beta} Prime and the aluminium matrix.« less

Programmable Logic Application Notes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Katz, Richard

2000-01-01

This column will be provided each quarter as a source for reliability, radiation results, NASA capabilities, and other information on programmable logic devices and related applications. This quarter will start a series of notes concentrating on analysis techniques with this issues section discussing worst-case analysis requirements.

29 CFR 1926.1400 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... also excluded when used with chains, slings or other rigging to lift suspended loads. (3) Automotive... metal, steel, or other material), prefabricated building sections such as, but not limited to: Floor... the crane is a structural steel member (for example, steel joists, beams, columns, steel decking...