Respiratory symptoms of vendors in an open-air hawker center in brunei darussalam.

PubMed

Nazurah Bt Abdul Wahid, Nurul Nor; Balalla, N B P; Koh, David

2014-01-01

We studied respiratory problems among vendors exposed to cooking fumes in an open-air hawker center. Exposure to cooking fumes from either the use of fossil fuels or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) has been shown to be associated with adverse respiratory health effects. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 67 food vendors exposed to cooking fumes as well as 18 merchandise sellers at an open-air hawker center in Brunei Darussalam. Past medical and smoking history and exposure to cooking fumes were obtained. The validated American Thoracic Society Questionnaire with a translated Malay version was used to ask for respiratory symptoms. Compared to merchandise sellers (n = 18), cooking vendors (n = 67) had a higher self-reported respiratory symptoms (50.7% for those cooking and 33.3% for merchandise sellers). Cough (28.3%) was the main respiratory symptom experienced in cooking vendors and breathlessness (22.2%) among merchandise sellers. Half (50.0%) of cooking vendors who worked for more than 10 years had cough and 27.3% had phlegm. Those cooking with charcoal were two times more likely to have cough than those cooking with LPG. Cooking vendors with a job duration of more than 10 years were thrice more likely to have cough. Cooking vendors in the open-air hawker center exposed to cooking fumes had more respiratory symptoms compared to non-exposed merchandise sellers. The type of fuel used for cooking and duration of work was associated with increased prevalence of cough.

Live pig markets in eastern Indonesia: Trader characteristics, biosecurity and implications for disease spread.

PubMed

Leslie, Edwina E C; Geong, Maria; Abdurrahman, Muktasam; Ward, Michael P; Toribio, Jenny-Ann L M L

2016-03-01

Classical swine fever has been negatively impacting pig production in Nusa Tenggara Timur province in eastern Indonesia since its introduction in the 1990s, with live market trade contributing to disease spread. To understand market trader knowledge and practices regarding pig management, biosecurity, pig movements and pig health (specifically CSF), a repeated survey was conducted with pig sellers and pig buyers at 9 market sites across West Timor and the islands of Flores and Sumba. A total of 292 sellers and 281 buyers were interviewed in 2009 during two periods (rounds), a high-demand month (September) and a low-demand month (November). Information was collected via questionnaire. The majority of traders were male (sellers: 89%; buyers: 87%) with the highest level of completed education being primary school (sellers: 48%; buyers: 41%). The primary occupation of most respondents was farming: 90% of sellers and 87% of buyers were smallholder pig farmers and tended to sell their own home-raised pigs at market (52%). Pigs were sold for monetary gain either for primary (52%) or extra income (44%). Markets tended to be selected based on a good reputation (62%), a location close to residence (62%) and having the desired pig type (59%). Pig sales through markets were reported to be highest from August to October with 31% of sellers trading pigs at two or more markets. Prices at market were significantly higher on Sumba compared to West Timor and cross-bred pigs were significantly more expensive than indigenous pigs. Understanding of CSF and biosecurity was limited: 85% of sellers and 83% of buyers had no prior knowledge of CSF. Fifty-four percent of sellers reported no use of any biosecurity practices at market. Most respondents (88%) were able to recognise at least one clinical sign of a sick pig. Informal pig movements were also identified: 18% of pig buyers purchased pigs directly from other farmers. This study has provided baseline information on market trader activities at live pig markets in NTT that can contribute to the formation of sustainable strategies for improving pig health. Since NTT is the poorest province in Indonesia and pigs play a vital socioeconomic role in this province, market management and farmer education is needed to improve the pig market chain and contribute to socioeconomic development. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Multi-attribute Regret-Based Dynamic Pricing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jumadinova, Janyl; Dasgupta, Prithviraj

In this paper, we consider the problem of dynamic pricing by a set of competing sellers in an information economy where buyers differentiate products along multiple attributes, and buyer preferences can change temporally. Previous research in this area has either focused on dynamic pricing along a limited number of (e.g. binary) attributes, or, assumes that each seller has access to private information such as preference distribution of buyers, and profit/price information of other sellers. However, in real information markets, private information about buyers and sellers cannot be assumed to be available a priori. Moreover, due to the competition between sellers, each seller faces a tradeoff between accuracy and rapidity of the pricing mechanism. In this paper, we describe a multi-attribute dynamic pricing algorithm based on minimax regret that can be used by a seller's agent called a pricebot, to maximize the seller's utility. Our simulation results show that the minimax regret based dynamic pricing algorithm performs significantly better than other algorithms for rapidly and dynamically tracking consumer attributes without using any private information from either buyers or sellers.

Buyer-seller watermarking protocol based on amplitude modulation and the El Gamal Public Key Crypto System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Memon, Nasir D.; Wong, Ping W.

1999-04-01

Digital watermarks have recently been proposed for the purposes of copy protection and copy deterrence for multimedia content. In copy deterrence, a content owner (seller) inserts a unique watermark into a copy of the content before it is sold to a buyer. If the buyer resells unauthorized copies of the watermarked content, then these copies can be traced to the unlawful reseller (original buyer) using a watermark detection algorithm. One problem with such an approach is that the original buyer whose watermark has been found on unauthorized copies can claim that the unauthorized copy was created or caused (for example, by a security breach) by the original seller. In this paper we propose an interactive buyer-seller protocol for invisible watermarking in which the seller does not get to know the exact watermarked copy that the buyer receives. Hence the seller cannot create copies of the original content containing the buyer's watermark. In cases where the seller finds an unauthorized copy, the seller can identify the buyer from a watermark in the unauthorized copy, and furthermore the seller can prove this fact to a third party using a dispute resolution protocol. This prevents the buyer from claiming that an unauthorized copy may have originated from the seller.

How Social Preferences Shape Incentives in (Experimental) Markets for Credence Goods.

PubMed

Kerschbamer, Rudolf; Sutter, Matthias; Dulleck, Uwe

2017-03-01

Credence goods markets suffer from inefficiencies caused by superior information of sellers about the surplus-maximising quality. While standard theory predicts that equal mark-up prices solve the credence goods problem if customers can verify the quality received, experimental evidence indicates the opposite. We identify a lack of robustness with respect to heterogeneity in social preferences as a possible cause of this and conduct new experiments that allow for parsimonious identification of sellers' social preference types. Our results confirm the assumed heterogeneity in social preferences and provide strong support for our explanation of the failure of verifiability to increase efficiency.

The role of internal reference prices in consumers' willingness to pay judgments: Thaler's Beer Pricing Task revisited.

PubMed

Ranyard, R; Charlton, J P; Williamson, J

2001-02-01

Alternative reference prices, either displayed in the environment (external) or recalled from memory (internal) are known to influence consumer judgments and decisions. In one line of previous research, internal reference prices have been defined in terms of general price expectations. However, Thaler (Marketing Science 4 (1985) 199; Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 12 (1999) 183) defined them as fair prices expected from specific types of seller. Using a Beer Pricing Task, he found that seller context had a substantial effect on willingness to pay, and concluded that this was due to specific internal reference prices evoked by specific contexts. In a think aloud study using the same task (N = 48), we found only a marginal effect of seller context. In a second study using the Beer Pricing Task and seven analogous ones (N = 144), general internal reference prices were estimated by asking people what they normally paid for various commodities. Both general internal reference prices and seller context influenced willingness to pay, although the effect of the latter was again rather small. We conclude that general internal reference prices have a greater impact in these scenarios than specific ones, because of the lower cognitive load involved in their storage and retrieval.

18 CFR 35.41 - Market behavior rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... rules. (a) Unit operation. Where a Seller participates in a Commission-approved organized market, Seller... to Seller through Seller's participation in a Commission-approved organized market. (b... of five years, all data and information upon which it billed the prices it charged for the electric...

18 CFR 35.41 - Market behavior rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... rules. (a) Unit operation. Where a Seller participates in a Commission-approved organized market, Seller... to Seller through Seller's participation in a Commission-approved organized market. (b... of five years, all data and information upon which it billed the prices it charged for the electric...

A cross-sectional study to quantify the prevalence of avian influenza viruses in poultry at intervention and non-intervention live bird markets in central Vietnam, 2014.

PubMed

Chu, D-H; Stevenson, M A; Nguyen, L V; Isoda, N; Firestone, S M; Nguyen, T N; Nguyen, L T; Matsuno, K; Okamatsu, M; Kida, H; Sakoda, Y

2017-12-01

In Vietnam, live bird markets are found in most populated centres, providing the means by which fresh poultry can be purchased by consumers for immediate consumption. Live bird markets are aggregation points for large numbers of poultry, and therefore, it is common for a range of avian influenza viruses to be mixed within live bird markets as a result of different poultry types and species being brought together from different geographical locations. We conducted a cross-sectional study in seven live bird markets in four districts of Thua Thien Hue Province in August and December, 2014. The aims of this study were to (i) document the prevalence of avian influenza in live bird markets (as measured by virus isolation); and (ii) quantify individual bird-, seller- and market-level characteristics that rendered poultry more likely to be positive for avian influenza virus at the time of sale. A questionnaire soliciting details of knowledge, attitude and avian influenza practices was administered to poultry sellers in study markets. At the same time, swabs and faecal samples were collected from individual poultry and submitted for isolation of avian influenza virus. The final data set comprised samples from 1,629 birds from 83 sellers in the seven live bird markets. A total of 113 birds were positive for virus isolation; a prevalence of 6.9 (95% CI 5.8-8.3) avian influenza virus-positive birds per 100 birds submitted for sale. After adjusting for clustering at the market and individual seller levels, none of the explanatory variables solicited in the questionnaire were significantly associated with avian influenza virus isolation positivity. The proportions of variance at the individual market, seller and individual bird levels were 6%, 48% and 46%, respectively. We conclude that the emphasis of avian influenza control efforts in Vietnam should be at the individual seller level as opposed to the market level. © 2017 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Pricing Strategy in Online Retailing Marketplaces of Homogeneous Goods: Should High Reputation Seller Charge More?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yuewen; Wei, Kwok Kee; Chen, Huaping

There are two conflicting streams of research findings on pricing strategy: one is high reputation sellers should charge price premium, while the other is high reputation sellers should charge relatively low price. Motivated by this confliction, this study examines pricing strategy in online retailing marketplace of homogeneous goods. We conduct an empirical study using data collected from a dominant online retailing marketplace in China. Our research results indicate that, in online retailing marketplace of homogeneous goods, high reputation sellers should charge relatively low price, because the consumers of high reputation sellers are more price sensitive than the consumers of low reputation sellers.

16 CFR 240.3 - Definition of seller.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definition of seller. 240.3 Section 240.3 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION GUIDES AND TRADE PRACTICE RULES GUIDES FOR ADVERTISING ALLOWANCES AND OTHER MERCHANDISING PAYMENTS AND SERVICES § 240.3 Definition of seller. Seller includes any...

13 CFR 120.1712 - Seller responsibilities with respect to Seller's Pool Loan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Seller responsibilities with respect to Seller's Pool Loan. 120.1712 Section 120.1712 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Establishment of SBA Secondary Market Guarantee Program for First Lien Position 504...

A Secure Watermarking Scheme for Buyer-Seller Identification and Copyright Protection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahmed, Fawad; Sattar, Farook; Siyal, Mohammed Yakoob; Yu, Dan

2006-12-01

We propose a secure watermarking scheme that integrates watermarking with cryptography for addressing some important issues in copyright protection. We address three copyright protection issues—buyer-seller identification, copyright infringement, and ownership verification. By buyer-seller identification, we mean that a successful watermark extraction at the buyer's end will reveal the identities of the buyer and seller of the watermarked image. For copyright infringement, our proposed scheme enables the seller to identify the specific buyer from whom an illegal copy of the watermarked image has originated, and further prove this fact to a third party. For multiple ownership claims, our scheme enables a legal seller to claim his/her ownership in the court of law. We will show that the combination of cryptography with watermarking not only increases the security of the overall scheme, but it also enables to associate identities of buyer/seller with their respective watermarked images.

Dual watermarking scheme for secure buyer-seller watermarking protocol

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mehra, Neelesh; Shandilya, Madhu

2012-04-01

A buyer-seller watermarking protocol utilize watermarking along with cryptography for copyright and copy protection for the seller and meanwhile it also preserve buyers rights for privacy. It enables a seller to successfully identify a malicious seller from a pirated copy, while preventing the seller from framing an innocent buyer and provide anonymity to buyer. Up to now many buyer-seller watermarking protocols have been proposed which utilize more and more cryptographic scheme to solve many common problems such as customer's rights, unbinding problem, buyer's anonymity problem and buyer's participation in the dispute resolution. But most of them are infeasible since the buyer may not have knowledge of cryptography. Another issue is the number of steps to complete the protocols are large, a buyer needs to interact with different parties many times in these protocols, which is very inconvenient for buyer. To overcome these drawbacks, in this paper we proposed dual watermarking scheme in encrypted domain. Since neither of watermark has been generated by buyer so a general layman buyer can use the protocol.

16 CFR 436.7 - Instructions for updating disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... revised disclosure document, after which a franchise seller may distribute only the revised document and..., the franchise seller shall notify the prospective franchisee of any material changes that the seller...

16 CFR 436.7 - Instructions for updating disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... revised disclosure document, after which a franchise seller may distribute only the revised document and..., the franchise seller shall notify the prospective franchisee of any material changes that the seller...

16 CFR 436.7 - Instructions for updating disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... revised disclosure document, after which a franchise seller may distribute only the revised document and..., the franchise seller shall notify the prospective franchisee of any material changes that the seller...

16 CFR 436.7 - Instructions for updating disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... revised disclosure document, after which a franchise seller may distribute only the revised document and..., the franchise seller shall notify the prospective franchisee of any material changes that the seller...

16 CFR 436.7 - Instructions for updating disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... revised disclosure document, after which a franchise seller may distribute only the revised document and..., the franchise seller shall notify the prospective franchisee of any material changes that the seller...

16 CFR 303.37 - Form of continuing guaranty from seller to buyer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... sold or delivered to ___ are not, and will not be misbranded nor falsely nor deceptively advertised or..., Principal Partner, or Corporate Official Name (Print or Type) Title [48 FR 12518, Mar. 25, 1983] ...

Radon Resources for Home Buyers and Sellers

MedlinePlus

... and Research Centers Radon Contact Us Share Radon Resources for Home Buyers and Sellers Radon Protection: Buying ... Radon-Resistant New Construction Radon and Real Estate Resources Home Buyer's/Seller's Guide to Radon Consumer's Guide ...

Make It Short and Easy: Username Complexity Determines Trustworthiness Above and Beyond Objective Reputation

PubMed Central

Silva, Rita R.; Chrobot, Nina; Newman, Eryn; Schwarz, Norbert; Topolinski, Sascha

2017-01-01

Can the mere name of a seller determine his trustworthiness in the eye of the consumer? In 10 studies (total N = 608) we explored username complexity and trustworthiness of eBay seller profiles. Name complexity was manipulated through variations in username pronounceability and length. These dimensions had strong, independent effects on trustworthiness, with sellers with easy-to-pronounce or short usernames being rated as more trustworthy than sellers with difficult-to-pronounce or long usernames, respectively. Both effects were repeatedly found even when objective information about seller reputation was available. We hypothesized the effect of name complexity on trustworthiness to be based on the experience of high vs. low processing fluency, with little awareness of the underlying process. Supporting this, participants could not correct for the impact of username complexity when explicitly asked to do so. Three alternative explanations based on attributions of the variations in name complexity to seller origin (ingroup vs. outgroup), username generation method (seller personal choice vs. computer algorithm) and age of the eBay profiles (10 years vs. 1 year) were tested and ruled out. Finally, we show that manipulating the ease of reading product descriptions instead of the sellers’ names also impacts the trust ascribed to the sellers. PMID:29312062

Drugs of Abuse in Human Milk Purchased via the Internet.

PubMed

Keim, Sarah A; McNamara, Kelly; Kwiek, Jesse J; Geraghty, Sheela R

2015-11-01

Human milk purchased via the Internet poses a potential risk of recipient infant exposure to drugs, but this risk has not been quantitated by research. Our objective was to test milk we purchased via the Internet for 13 common classes of drugs of abuse to explore the extent of possible exposure to recipient infants. Samples (n = 102) of milk purchased via the Internet were tested for 13 groups of drugs that are commonly abused using immunoassay screening to identify suspected positives, followed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for confirmation. Sellers' advertisements were abstracted for statements about drug use or abstinence. Most (71%) sellers stated in their advertisement that they abstained from some type(s) of drugs (prescription or illicit), but 29% indicated nothing about drug use or abstinence. No sellers admitted to illicit drug use in their advertisement. No samples tested positive for the selected drugs of interest (prevalence = 0%; 95% confidence interval, 0.0, 2.9). We did not detect any of the selected drugs in 102 milk samples. Our sample was too small to detect less commonly used drugs and to provide a narrow confidence interval around the prevalence estimate and did not include milk shared at no cost. Thus, these findings are exploratory and cannot rule out the possibility of drugs being present in other milk available via the Internet.

77 FR 10695 - Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Risk Management Initiatives: Revised Seller Concessions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-23

... in Tables A and B. Table D--Borrower Closing Costs and Seller Concessions Descriptive Statistics by... accuracy of the statistical data illustrating the correlation between higher seller concessions and an...

26 CFR 1.44-3 - Certificate by seller.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... seller has the right to sell the home purchased by the taxpayer (i.e., has that specific home in his... purchaser must request and try to obtain from the foreclosure seller a certificate specifying such facts...

26 CFR 1.44-3 - Certificate by seller.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... seller has the right to sell the home purchased by the taxpayer (i.e., has that specific home in his... purchaser must request and try to obtain from the foreclosure seller a certificate specifying such facts...

26 CFR 1.44-3 - Certificate by seller.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... seller has the right to sell the home purchased by the taxpayer (i.e., has that specific home in his... purchaser must request and try to obtain from the foreclosure seller a certificate specifying such facts...

Paying for Express Checkout: Competition and Price Discrimination in Multi-Server Queuing Systems

PubMed Central

Deck, Cary; Kimbrough, Erik O.; Mongrain, Steeve

2014-01-01

We model competition between two firms selling identical goods to customers who arrive in the market stochastically. Shoppers choose where to purchase based upon both price and the time cost associated with waiting for service. One seller provides two separate queues, each with its own server, while the other seller has a single queue and server. We explore the market impact of the multi-server seller engaging in waiting cost-based-price discrimination by charging a premium for express checkout. Specifically, we analyze this situation computationally and through the use of controlled laboratory experiments. We find that this form of price discrimination is harmful to sellers and beneficial to consumers. When the two-queue seller offers express checkout for impatient customers, the single queue seller focuses on the patient shoppers thereby driving down prices and profits while increasing consumer surplus. PMID:24667809

Paying for express checkout: competition and price discrimination in multi-server queuing systems.

PubMed

Deck, Cary; Kimbrough, Erik O; Mongrain, Steeve

2014-01-01

We model competition between two firms selling identical goods to customers who arrive in the market stochastically. Shoppers choose where to purchase based upon both price and the time cost associated with waiting for service. One seller provides two separate queues, each with its own server, while the other seller has a single queue and server. We explore the market impact of the multi-server seller engaging in waiting cost-based-price discrimination by charging a premium for express checkout. Specifically, we analyze this situation computationally and through the use of controlled laboratory experiments. We find that this form of price discrimination is harmful to sellers and beneficial to consumers. When the two-queue seller offers express checkout for impatient customers, the single queue seller focuses on the patient shoppers thereby driving down prices and profits while increasing consumer surplus.

16 CFR 437.3 - Severability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

.... Business experience of the business opportunity seller's directors and executive officers. 3. Business experience of the business opportunity seller. 4. Litigation history. 5. Bankruptcy history. 6. Description.... Obligations to purchase. 11. Revenues received by the business opportunity seller in consideration of...

A Descriptive Model of the Directorate of Competition Advocacy at an Air Logistics Center.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-09-01

distinction in product . There are no barriers to entry or exit for the seller. The buyer, in turn, has access to each seller. And, the cost, price , and...are active rivals, and new sellers can enter the marketplace easily (8:2). Oligopoly and Duopoly. In a purely competitive market, the buyer has no...advantage, since the sellers must compete, without perfect information, to meet the product / price demand of the buyer. Bilateral Monopoly. The bilateral

Buyer feedback as a filtering mechanism for reputable sellers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Laureti, Paolo; Slanina, František; Yu, Yi-Kuo; Zhang, Yi-Cheng

2002-12-01

We propose a continuum model for the description of buyer and seller dynamics in an Internet market. The relevant variables are the research effort of buyers and the sellers’ reputation building process. We show that, if a commercial website gives consumers the possibility to rate credibly sellers they bargained with, vendors are forced to be more honest. This leads to mutual beneficial symbiosis between buyers and sellers; the overall enhanced volume of transactions contributes ultimately to the website, which facilitates the matchmaking service.

Contamination of Ethiopian paper currency notes from various food handlers with E. coli.

PubMed

Hiko, Adem; Abdata, Kasahun; Muktar, Yimer; Woyesa, Mezene; Mohammed, Abdela

2016-01-01

Contamination rate of Ethiopian paper currency notes handled by various food handlers with Escherichia coli and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was assessed. A total of 384 Ethiopian Birr (ETB) notes were randomly sampled from meat handlers at butchers, bread and the related food handlers at cafeteria, fruit and vegetables handlers at supermarket, and milk sellers both at open market and dairy station. Fifty control new currencies were also sampled from Commercial Bank of Ethiopia. Both surfaces of the currency were swabbed using wet sterile cotton. The swab was overnight incubated in buffered peptone water. A loop full was streaked on eosin methylene blue agar and followed by biochemical test on presumptive E. coli colonies. Randomly selected isolates were exposed to chloramphenicol (C-30 µg), neomycin (N-30 µg), oxytetracycline (OT-30 µg), polymyxin-B (PB-300 IU) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT-1.25/23.75/µg) susceptibility using disc diffusion techniques. E. coli was not isolated from currency used as control. A total of 288 (75 %) currency notes were found carrying E. coli. E. coli prevalence was ranges from 67.2 % at open market milk sellers to 87.2 % at dairy station milk sellers; from 64.8 % on ETB 100 to 82.9 % on ETB 1. Differences were not observed in E. coli prevalence on currency notes from among almost all food handlers (P > 0.05). Susceptibility of tested isolates to each chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was 100 %, and to polymyxin-B was 97.3 %. High resistance (83.7 %) was observed to neomycin. The finding indicates, contaminated food can be a source of E. coli for further contamination of currency which again transfer through various foods ready for consumption.

Influence of individual rationality on continuous double auction markets with networked traders

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Junhuan

2018-04-01

This paper investigates the influence of individual rationality of buyers and sellers on continuous double auction market outcomes in terms of the proportion of boundedly-rational buyers and sellers. The individual rationality is discussed in a social network artificial stock market model by embedding network formation and information set. Traders automatically select the most profitable trading strategy based on individual and social learning of the profits and trading strategies of themselves and their neighbors, and submit orders to markets. The results show that (i) a higher proportion of boundedly-rational sellers induces a higher market price, higher sellers' profits and a higher market efficiency; (ii) a higher proportion of boundedly-rational sellers induces a lower number of trades and lower buyers' profits; (iii) a higher proportion of boundedly-rational buyers induces a lower market price, a lower number of trades, and lower sellers' profits; (iv) a higher proportion of boundedly-rational buyers induces higher buyers' profits and a higher market efficiency.

13 CFR 120.1717 - Seller's Pool Loan deferments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Seller's Pool Loan deferments. 120.1717 Section 120.1717 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS...'s Pool Loan deferments. Without the prior written consent of SBA, Seller, at the request of Obligor...

13 CFR 120.1714 - Seller's Pool Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Seller's Pool Loan servicing. 120.1714 Section 120.1714 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Establishment of SBA Secondary Market Guarantee Program for First Lien Position 504 Loan Pools § 120.1714 Seller...

13 CFR 120.1713 - Seller's Pool Loan origination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Seller's Pool Loan origination. 120.1713 Section 120.1713 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Establishment of SBA Secondary Market Guarantee Program for First Lien Position 504 Loan Pools § 120.1713 Seller...

13 CFR 120.1715 - Seller's Pool Loan liquidation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Seller's Pool Loan liquidation. 120.1715 Section 120.1715 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Establishment of SBA Secondary Market Guarantee Program for First Lien Position 504 Loan Pools § 120.1715 Seller...

13 CFR 120.1707 - Seller's retained Loan Interest.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Seller's retained Loan Interest. 120.1707 Section 120.1707 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Establishment of SBA Secondary Market Guarantee Program for First Lien Position 504 Loan Pools § 120.1707 Seller...

77 FR 11798 - Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Risk Management Initiatives: Revised Seller Concessions...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-28

... DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT 24 CFR Chapter II [Docket No. FR-5572-C-02] Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Risk Management Initiatives: Revised Seller Concessions; Addresses for the... Administration (FHA) Risk Management Initiatives: Revised Seller Concessions). 1. Submission of Comments by Mail...

A Study on the Perceptions About Potential Advantages of FMS (Foreign Military Sales) and Commercial Sales: Seller and Buyer Perspectives

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-09-01

SFl WILE coP DTIC ELECTEI DEC0 419871 OFD IIN A STUDY ON THE PERCEPTIONS ABOUT COMMERCIAL SALES: SELLER ANDI • BUYER PERSPECTIVES THESIS Yong Sang Kim...PERCEPTIONS ABOUT H𔃾 POTENTIAL ADVANTAGES OF FMS AND COMMERCIAL SALES: SELLER AND BUYER PERSPECTIVES THESIS Accession For Yong Sang Kim NTIS ,RA&I Major...AND COMMERCIAL SALES: SELLER AND BUYER PERSPECTIVES THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the School of Systems and Logistics of the Air Force Institute

An in-depth study of patent medicine sellers' perspectives on malaria in a rural Nigerian community

PubMed Central

Okeke, Theodora A; Uzochukwu, Benjamin SC; Okafor, Henrietta U

2006-01-01

Background Malaria remains a major cause of mortality among under five children in Nigeria. Most of the early treatments for fever and malaria occur through self-medication with antimalarial drugs bought from medicine sellers. These have led to increasing calls for interventions to improve treatment obtained in these outlets. However, information about the current practices of these medicine sellers is needed before such interventions. This study aims to determine the medicine sellers' perspectives on malaria and the determinants that underlie their dispensing patterns of antimalarial drugs. Methods The study was conducted in Ugwugo-Nike, a rural community in south-east Nigeria. It involved in-depth interviews with 13 patent medicine sellers. Results A majority of the medicine sellers were not trained health professionals and malaria is recognized as a major health problem by them. There is poor knowledge and poor dispensing behaviour in relation to childhood malaria episodes. Although referral of severe malaria is common, there are those who will not refer. Verbal advice is rarely given to the care-givers. Conclusion More action research and interventions to improve prescription and referral practices and giving verbal advice to care-givers is recommended. Ways to integrate the drug sellers in the health system are also recommended. PMID:17078875

An in-depth study of patent medicine sellers' perspectives on malaria in a rural Nigerian community.

PubMed

Okeke, Theodora A; Uzochukwu, Benjamin S C; Okafor, Henrietta U

2006-11-01

Malaria remains a major cause of mortality among under five children in Nigeria. Most of the early treatments for fever and malaria occur through self-medication with antimalarial drugs bought from medicine sellers. These have led to increasing calls for interventions to improve treatment obtained in these outlets. However, information about the current practices of these medicine sellers is needed before such interventions. This study aims to determine the medicine sellers' perspectives on malaria and the determinants that underlie their dispensing patterns of antimalarial drugs. The study was conducted in Ugwugo-Nike, a rural community in south-east Nigeria. It involved in-depth interviews with 13 patent medicine sellers. A majority of the medicine sellers were not trained health professionals and malaria is recognized as a major health problem by them. There is poor knowledge and poor dispensing behaviour in relation to childhood malaria episodes. Although referral of severe malaria is common, there are those who will not refer. Verbal advice is rarely given to the care-givers. More action research and interventions to improve prescription and referral practices and giving verbal advice to care-givers is recommended. Ways to integrate the drug sellers in the health system are also recommended.

76 FR 2744 - Disclosure of Code-Share Service by Air Carriers and Sellers of Air Transportation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-14

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Office of the Secretary Disclosure of Code-Share Service by Air Carriers and Sellers of Air Transportation AGENCY: Office of the Secretary, Department of Transportation..., their agents, and third party sellers of air transportation in view of recent amendments to 49 U.S.C...

26 CFR 1.44-3 - Certificate by seller.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Against Tax § 1.44-3 Certificate by seller. (a) Requirement of certification by seller. Taxpayers claiming the credit should attach Form 5405, Credit for Purchase or Construction of New Principal Residence, to their tax returns on which the credit is claimed. Except in the case of self-construction (as defined in...

26 CFR 1.44-3 - Certificate by seller.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Against Tax § 1.44-3 Certificate by seller. (a) Requirement of certification by seller. Taxpayers claiming the credit should attach Form 5405, Credit for Purchase or Construction of New Principal Residence, to their tax returns on which the credit is claimed. Except in the case of self-construction (as defined in...

Medicine sellers’ perspectives on their role in providing health care in North-West Cameroon: a qualitative study

PubMed Central

Hughes, R; Chandler, C R; Mangham-Jefferies, L J; Mbacham, W

2013-01-01

Background Increasing recognition of the importance of medicine sellers in low-resource settings has emerged alongside assumptions that their motives and capacities primarily relate to profit maximization. This article suggests a need to reframe thinking about the role of medicine sellers in developing country health systems. Methods We used in-depth interviews to explore perceptions of medicine seller roles among a restricted random sample of 20 medicine sellers in North-West Cameroon. Interviews and analysis explored self-perception of their work/role, community perceptions, skills and knowledge, regulation, future plans, links with the formal health system and diversity among medicine sellers. Results Medicine sellers in our study were a varied, yet distinct group. They saw themselves as closely integrated in the social and medical landscapes of clients. Although some client interactions were described as simple sales, many respondents presented themselves as gatekeepers of medicines and knowledge, reflecting a conceptualization of the distinctness of medicines over other commodities. Acknowledgement of limits in knowledge and resources led to recognition of the need for formal healthcare providers and justified a restricted scope of practice and the need for referral. Motivation was derived from a desire for both financial and social capital combined with a proximity to medicines and repeated exposure to ill health. Legitimacy was perceived to be derived from: a historical mandate; informal and formal training and effective ‘community regulation’. Conclusions The distinct role that medicine sellers describe themselves as occupying in this study area can be characterized as provision of ‘first aid’, urgent, reactive and sometimes providing intermediate care prior to referral. Medicine sellers suggest that they do not aspire to be doctors and emphasize the complementary, rather than competitive, nature of their relationship with formal providers. We discuss the challenges and opportunities of characterizing medicine sellers as a distinctive group of ‘first aiders’ in this setting. PMID:23197432

Market power and the sale of Ontario residential natural gas: An institutional analysis and a laboratory experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bloemhof, Barbara Lynn

2005-11-01

The Ontario residential natural gas market underwent a significant institutional change in 1986, after the federal government decontrolled natural gas prices. Currently, consumers may sign up for fixed-cost natural gas from a broker, or they may continue to be served by the regulated distribution company. This thesis examines the economic effects on consumers of the institutional change, and particularly whether or not market power was enhanced by the change. In the thesis, I first present the industrial organization of the residential natural gas sector, and explain the institutional evolution using an institutional economic approach. I then construct a model of the market environment, with sellers acting as middlemen in a well-defined Bertrand oligopoly setting with no production constraints and single-unit consumer demands. In this model, the only Nash equilibrium in the one-period game is the joint profit maximizing price, and its likelihood of obtaining depends on the nature of the cost of signing up new customers. I then take a version of this model into the laboratory with human subject sellers and simulated buyers and run six replications each of a balanced treatment design under a unique information mechanism that parallels individual customer canvassing used by sellers in the naturally-occurring market. Treatment variables are: number of sellers, number of simulated at-cost sellers present, and presence of input cost uncertainty for sellers. I find that adding any seller to the market has about the same impact on market price, irrespective of whether it is a human subject or a simulated at-cost seller. Although increasing the number of sellers does decrease the market price somewhat, it does not bring about the competitive outcome predicted by the benchmark microeconomic model. This research contributes to the literature on policy making and energy market design, as well as to experimental methodology aimed at policy evaluation.

77 FR 56838 - Puget Sound Energy, Inc. v. All Jurisdictional Sellers, et al.; Notice of Filing

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-14

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket No. EL01-10-097] Puget Sound Energy, Inc. v. All Jurisdictional Sellers, et al.; Notice of Filing Take notice that on July 12, 2012... Commission's June 13, 2012 Order, Puget Sound Energy, Inc. v. All Jurisdictional Sellers, et al., Order...

Two Paradoxes of the "Seller's Market" of Chinese Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huang, J.

2005-01-01

In recent years, two "paradoxes" have emerged in the "seller's market" of Chinese higher education. One is a strong demand for buying educational services and a weak demand for consumption; a second is the coexistence of an entry to the seller's market and an exit point from the buyer's market. These two "paradoxes"…

Quality of sunglasses available in the Iranian market; a study with emphasis on sellers’ license

PubMed Central

Bazzazi, Nooshin; Heydarian, Samira; Vahabi, Reihaneh; Akbarzadeh, Siamak; Fouladi, Daniel F

2015-01-01

Context: Sunglasses should follow minimum requirements to sufficiently protect eyes. It is not known whether all items obtainable from the market are appropriately designed. Aims: To compare ultraviolet (UV)-protective properties of commercially available sunglasses obtained from authorized and unauthorized Iranian sellers. Settings and Study Design: An analytic-descriptive study performed in a metropolitan area (Tehran). Materials and Methods: Using a UV-visible standard spectrophotometer, the percentage transmittance was scanned between 280 and 400 nm in 348 pairs of nonprescription sunglasses (price range: 20–80 US$) obtained anonymously and randomly from authorized (permitted by the Ministry of Health, 189 pairs) and unauthorized (159 pairs) sellers in the Iranian capital city, Tehran. The Australian/New Zealand Standard (AS/NZS) and the American National Standards Institute [ANSI] standards were followed. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test, independent samples t-test or Mann–Whitney U-test. Results: UV-protective properties of the sunglasses obtained from authorized sellers complied with AS/NZS and ANSI guidelines in 92.6% and 95.2% of items, respectively. The corresponding rates for sunglasses obtained from unauthorized sellers were 0% and 8.2%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). The rate of defective polarizing capability of lenses was 27.4% in sunglasses obtained from authorized sellers versus 90.4% in sunglasses obtained from unauthorized sellers (P < 0.001). Neither brand nor price played significant contributions to UV protection/lens polarizing capability of sunglasses obtained from authorized sellers. Conclusions: Sunglasses provided by unauthorized sellers are alarmingly unreliable and could be potentially hazardous for the eye. Brand and price do not guarantee optimal protection against UV radiation or polarizing performance of the lens. PMID:25827547

40 CFR 82.62 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... consisting of the following types of foam: (1) Closed cell rigid polyurethane foam; (2) Closed cell rigid... identification numbers: (1) A federal employer identification number; (2) A state sales tax exemption number; (3... means: (1) The seller of a product to a consumer or another distributor; or (2) A person who sells or...

78 FR 981 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Renewal of a Currently Approved Collection; and Comment...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-07

... merchants and introducing brokers in commodities, insurance companies, mutual funds, money services... securities and futures, money services businesses (money transmitters, issuers and sellers of money orders.... Other (specify type of suspicious activity in space provided) 33. Money laundering--a. Exchanges small...

16 CFR 436.9 - Additional prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... practice in violation of Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act for any franchise seller covered by... a franchise from the franchisor or operated a franchise of the type offered by the franchisor. (2) Can provide an independent and reliable report about the franchise or the experiences of any current...

16 CFR 436.9 - Additional prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... practice in violation of Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act for any franchise seller covered by... a franchise from the franchisor or operated a franchise of the type offered by the franchisor. (2) Can provide an independent and reliable report about the franchise or the experiences of any current...

16 CFR 436.9 - Additional prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... practice in violation of Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act for any franchise seller covered by... a franchise from the franchisor or operated a franchise of the type offered by the franchisor. (2) Can provide an independent and reliable report about the franchise or the experiences of any current...

16 CFR 436.9 - Additional prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... practice in violation of Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act for any franchise seller covered by... a franchise from the franchisor or operated a franchise of the type offered by the franchisor. (2) Can provide an independent and reliable report about the franchise or the experiences of any current...

16 CFR 436.9 - Additional prohibitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... practice in violation of Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act for any franchise seller covered by... a franchise from the franchisor or operated a franchise of the type offered by the franchisor. (2) Can provide an independent and reliable report about the franchise or the experiences of any current...

Increasing Competition for Spares Within AFLC (Air Force Logistics Command).

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-05-13

5-50 5.13 Hypothesis H13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-51 5.13.1 Introduction...Worksheet: IM/SM File Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8 4-4 Data Worksheet: Hypotheses H12 and H13 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9 4-5 Data Sheet...competition in which the market is characterized by either few sellers or many sellers. With few sellers (like the automobile and steel industries) an

[Informal sellers' health status and working conditions in the Bazurto market in Cartagena].

PubMed

Gómez-Palencia, Isabel P; Castillo-Ávila, Irma Y; Banquez-Salas, Annia P; Castro-Ortega, Audrey J; Lara-Escalante, Hilda R

2012-06-01

Determining informal sellers' health status and working conditions in the Bazurto market in Cartagena. The target population consisted of informal sellers working in the Bazurto market; sample size consisted of 584 sellers. A check-list was used to describe their working conditions. A "health disorders" test and neurotoxic symptoms scale (Q16) were used to determine health status and the body mass index (BMI) for determining nutritional status. 583 sellers participated in the study, having an average age of 39 years (38-40 95 %CI). 87.8 % (512) of the participants were exposed to constant noise, 84.9 % (495) worked in places having high temperatures, 74.1 % (432) were exposed to dust, and 69.8 % (407) did not use personal protective equipment. They were working 10 hours a day on average. 71 % (414) suffered from physical exhaustion, 72.4 % (422) had headaches, 63.7 % (371) had back pain and 62.7 % (365) suffered from pains in their legs. The target population's physical environment was inadequate, they worked for too many hours and some workplaces were dangerous. The informal sellers' symptoms included back pain, headaches, leg pain, eye strain and physical fatigue.

Heath risk among pesticide sellers in Bamenda (Cameroon) and peripheral areas.

PubMed

Sonchieu, Jean; Akono, Edouard Nantia; Ngwamitang, Cheche Tanwi; Ngassoum, Benoït Martin

2018-04-01

In Bamenda and peripheral zones, studies have been focused on the effects of pesticides on farmers (pesticide users) while nothing has been done to assess the exposure of sellers to pesticides. This study aimed at evaluating the exposure of pesticide sellers in the same area. Thirty-two questionnaires were administered to 32 pesticide sellers systematically selected, and chi-square was used for statistical analysis. From each shop, a respondent was chosen among the workers according to its daily time spent in the workplace. The results showed that there is similarity between sellers in Bamenda and peripheral area; one active ingredient (metalaxyl) and one formulation (beauchamp) sold are not registered; throat irritation, headaches, fatigue, skin irritation, eye irritation, and difficulty in breathing with more cases of nose irritation were symptoms observed; pesticides are stored either in the shops or in warehouses; safety measures generally applied are sitting outside the shop, taking medicated charcoal and the use of protective clothing; 56% have less than 5 years experience. Permanent pesticide sellers are then exposed to chronic intoxication in Bamenda and neighboring zones. Employers should make use of protective clothing in their shops when manipulating pesticides in the application of safety measures.

26 CFR 48.4041-11 - Tax-free sales of fuel for use in noncommercial aviation only if sellers and certain purchasers...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... aviation only if sellers and certain purchasers are registered. 48.4041-11 Section 48.4041-11 Internal... noncommercial aviation only if sellers and certain purchasers are registered. (a) In general. Any sale of liquid... noncommercial aviation but is used for a nontaxable purpose, see section 6427(a) for provisions relating to...

26 CFR 48.4041-11 - Tax-free sales of fuel for use in noncommercial aviation only if sellers and certain purchasers...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... aviation only if sellers and certain purchasers are registered. 48.4041-11 Section 48.4041-11 Internal... noncommercial aviation only if sellers and certain purchasers are registered. (a) In general. Any sale of liquid... noncommercial aviation but is used for a nontaxable purpose, see section 6427(a) for provisions relating to...

26 CFR 48.4041-11 - Tax-free sales of fuel for use in noncommercial aviation only if sellers and certain purchasers...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... aviation only if sellers and certain purchasers are registered. 48.4041-11 Section 48.4041-11 Internal... noncommercial aviation only if sellers and certain purchasers are registered. (a) In general. Any sale of liquid... noncommercial aviation but is used for a nontaxable purpose, see section 6427(a) for provisions relating to...

26 CFR 48.4041-11 - Tax-free sales of fuel for use in noncommercial aviation only if sellers and certain purchasers...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... aviation only if sellers and certain purchasers are registered. 48.4041-11 Section 48.4041-11 Internal... noncommercial aviation only if sellers and certain purchasers are registered. (a) In general. Any sale of liquid... noncommercial aviation but is used for a nontaxable purpose, see section 6427(a) for provisions relating to...

Pricing of Claims in Discrete Time with Partial Information

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rognlien Dahl, Kristina, E-mail: kristrd@math.uio.no

2013-10-15

We consider the pricing problem of a seller with delayed price information. By using Lagrange duality, a dual problem is derived, and it is proved that there is no duality gap. This gives a characterization of the seller's price of a contingent claim. Finally, we analyze the dual problem, and compare the prices offered by two sellers with delayed and full information respectively.

ASSESSMENT OF PRACTICE AT RETAIL PHARMACIES IN PAKISTAN: EXTENT OF COMPLIANCE WITH THE PREVAILING DRUG LAW OF PAKISTAN.

PubMed

Ullah, Hanif; Zada, Wahid; Khan, Muhammad Sona; Iqbal, Muhammad; Chohan, Osaam; Raza, Naeem; Khawaja, Naeem Raza; Abid, Syed Mobasher Ali; Murtazai, Ghulam

2016-01-01

The main objective of this study was to assess the practice at retail pharmacies in Pakistan and to compare the same in rural and urban areas. The maintenance of pharmacy and drug inspectors' visit was also assessed. This cross sectional study was conducted in Abbottabad, Pakistan during October-November, 2012. A sample of 215 drug sellers or drug stores was selected by employing convenient sampling method. With a response rate of 91.6%, 197 drug sellers participated in this study. All the drug sellers were male. Overall, 35% (n = 197) of the drug sellers did not have any professional qualification. A majority of the drug sellers were involved in various malpractices like selling of medicines without prescription (80.7%), prescribing practice (60.9%), prescription intervention (62.4%) and selling of controlled substances (66%) without a license for selling it. These malpractices were significantly higher in rural area than that in urban area.

25 CFR 309.7 - How should a seller disclose the nature and degree of Indian labor when selling, offering, or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false How should a seller disclose the nature and degree of Indian labor when selling, offering, or displaying art and craft work for sale? 309.7 Section 309.7... PRODUCTS § 309.7 How should a seller disclose the nature and degree of Indian labor when selling, offering...

25 CFR 309.7 - How should a seller disclose the nature and degree of Indian labor when selling, offering, or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How should a seller disclose the nature and degree of Indian labor when selling, offering, or displaying art and craft work for sale? 309.7 Section 309.7... PRODUCTS § 309.7 How should a seller disclose the nature and degree of Indian labor when selling, offering...

25 CFR 309.7 - How should a seller disclose the nature and degree of Indian labor when selling, offering, or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false How should a seller disclose the nature and degree of Indian labor when selling, offering, or displaying art and craft work for sale? 309.7 Section 309.7... PRODUCTS § 309.7 How should a seller disclose the nature and degree of Indian labor when selling, offering...

25 CFR 309.7 - How should a seller disclose the nature and degree of Indian labor when selling, offering, or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false How should a seller disclose the nature and degree of Indian labor when selling, offering, or displaying art and craft work for sale? 309.7 Section 309.7... PRODUCTS § 309.7 How should a seller disclose the nature and degree of Indian labor when selling, offering...

25 CFR 309.7 - How should a seller disclose the nature and degree of Indian labor when selling, offering, or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false How should a seller disclose the nature and degree of Indian labor when selling, offering, or displaying art and craft work for sale? 309.7 Section 309.7... PRODUCTS § 309.7 How should a seller disclose the nature and degree of Indian labor when selling, offering...

Unpacking buyer-seller differences in valuation from experience: A cognitive modeling approach.

PubMed

Pachur, Thorsten; Scheibehenne, Benjamin

2017-12-01

People often indicate a higher price for an object when they own it (i.e., as sellers) than when they do not (i.e., as buyers)-a phenomenon known as the endowment effect. We develop a cognitive modeling approach to formalize, disentangle, and compare alternative psychological accounts (e.g., loss aversion, loss attention, strategic misrepresentation) of such buyer-seller differences in pricing decisions of monetary lotteries. To also be able to test possible buyer-seller differences in memory and learning, we study pricing decisions from experience, obtained with the sampling paradigm, where people learn about a lottery's payoff distribution from sequential sampling. We first formalize different accounts as models within three computational frameworks (reinforcement learning, instance-based learning theory, and cumulative prospect theory), and then fit the models to empirical selling and buying prices. In Study 1 (a reanalysis of published data with hypothetical decisions), models assuming buyer-seller differences in response bias (implementing a strategic-misrepresentation account) performed best; models assuming buyer-seller differences in choice sensitivity or memory (implementing a loss-attention account) generally fared worst. In a new experiment involving incentivized decisions (Study 2), models assuming buyer-seller differences in both outcome sensitivity (as proposed by a loss-aversion account) and response bias performed best. In both Study 1 and 2, the models implemented in cumulative prospect theory performed best. Model recovery studies validated our cognitive modeling approach, showing that the models can be distinguished rather well. In summary, our analysis supports a loss-aversion account of the endowment effect, but also reveals a substantial contribution of simple response bias.

Drug dealers, retaliation, and deterrence.

PubMed

Jacques, Scott; Wright, Richard; Allen, Andrea

2014-07-01

Illicit drug sellers have limited access to formal mediation and therefore are rational targets to predators. As such, dealers are especially reliant on retaliation to deter victimization. Prior scholarship on dealers, retaliation, and deterrence has focused largely on general deterrence, or the effect of punishing one person on others. Research is yet to shed much light on other types of deterrence that dealers engage in. This paper addresses that gap by drawing on qualitative data obtained in interviews with 25 unincarcerated drug sellers from disadvantaged neighborhoods in St. Louis, Missouri. We find that dealers' use of retaliation is linked to four kinds of deterrence-general, specific, situational, and permeating-and that these are combined into three forms: namely, specific-situational; specific-permeating; and comprehensive (i.e., all four kinds simultaneously). Implications for research, theory, and "criminal justice" are discussed. Specifically, we call for future scholarship to examine how each type of deterrence affects the others, and suggest that both predation against and retaliation by drug dealers might be reduced by granting them greater access to formal means of dispute resolution. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Reputation and Competition in a Hidden Action Model

PubMed Central

Fedele, Alessandro; Tedeschi, Piero

2014-01-01

The economics models of reputation and quality in markets can be classified in three categories. (i) Pure hidden action, where only one type of seller is present who can provide goods of different quality. (ii) Pure hidden information, where sellers of different types have no control over product quality. (iii) Mixed frameworks, which include both hidden action and hidden information. In this paper we develop a pure hidden action model of reputation and Bertrand competition, where consumers and firms interact repeatedly in a market with free entry. The price of the good produced by the firms is contractible, whilst the quality is noncontractible, hence it is promised by the firms when a contract is signed. Consumers infer future quality from all available information, i.e., both from what they know about past quality and from current prices. According to early contributions, competition should make reputation unable to induce the production of high-quality goods. We provide a simple solution to this problem by showing that high quality levels are sustained as an outcome of a stationary symmetric equilibrium. PMID:25329387

Reputation and competition in a hidden action model.

PubMed

Fedele, Alessandro; Tedeschi, Piero

2014-01-01

The economics models of reputation and quality in markets can be classified in three categories. (i) Pure hidden action, where only one type of seller is present who can provide goods of different quality. (ii) Pure hidden information, where sellers of different types have no control over product quality. (iii) Mixed frameworks, which include both hidden action and hidden information. In this paper we develop a pure hidden action model of reputation and Bertrand competition, where consumers and firms interact repeatedly in a market with free entry. The price of the good produced by the firms is contractible, whilst the quality is noncontractible, hence it is promised by the firms when a contract is signed. Consumers infer future quality from all available information, i.e., both from what they know about past quality and from current prices. According to early contributions, competition should make reputation unable to induce the production of high-quality goods. We provide a simple solution to this problem by showing that high quality levels are sustained as an outcome of a stationary symmetric equilibrium.

Online availability and safety of drugs in shortage: a descriptive study of internet vendor characteristics.

PubMed

Liang, Bryan A; Mackey, Tim K

2012-02-09

Unprecedented drug shortages announced by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have severely affected therapeutic access, patient safety, and public health. With continued shortages, patients may seek drugs online. To assess the prevalence of online marketing for current FDA shortage drugs and potential patient safety risks. We performed a descriptive study of the prevalence of online marketing for shortage drugs-that is, offers for sale of each drug, including characteristics of online drug sellers and intermediary sites marketing these drugs. Of the 72 FDA shortage-listed drugs, 68 (94%) were offered for sale online. We found 291 offers for these drugs, the vast majority (n = 207, 71.1%) by online drug sellers selling direct to consumers. Intermediary sites included data aggregators (n = 22, 8%), forum links (n = 23, 8%), and personal page data links (n = 34, 12%), as well as Flickr social media links (n = 5, 2%), all advertising drugs without a prescription. Of the 91 online drug sellers identified, 31 (34%) had more than 1 shortage drug offered for sale, representing most (n = 148, 71%) of all online drug seller sales offers. The majority of these online drug sellers (n = 21, 68%) were on the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) Not Recommended Sites list. Finally, for shortage drugs with an online drug seller (n = 58, 85%), 53 (91%) had at least one site on the Not Recommended list and 21 (36%) had only sites on the Not Recommended list. FDA shortage drugs are widely marketed over the Internet. Suspect online drug sellers and intermediaries dominate these sales offers. As a critical risk management issue, patients, providers, and policymakers should be extremely cautious in procuring shortage drugs through Internet sourcing.

Forensic analysis of online marketing for electronic nicotine delivery systems.

PubMed

Cobb, Nathan K; Brookover, Jody; Cobb, Caroline O

2015-03-01

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are growing in awareness and use in the USA. They are currently unregulated as the Food and Drug Administration has yet to assert jurisdiction under its tobacco authority over these products, and a US Court of Appeals held they cannot be regulated as drugs/delivery devices if they are not marketed for a therapeutic purpose. Observation of the current online marketplace suggests ENDS, like some nutraceutical products, are being promoted using affiliate marketing techniques using claims concerning purported health benefits. This study performed a forensic analysis to characterise the relationships between online ENDS affiliate advertisements and ENDS sellers, and evaluated descriptive content on advertisements and websites to inform future policy and regulatory efforts. A purposive sampling strategy was used to identify three forms of ENDS advertising. Web proxy software recorded identifiable objects and their ties to each other. Network analysis of these ties followed, as well as analysis of descriptive content on advertisements and websites identified. The forensic analysis included four ENDS advertisements, two linked affiliate websites, and two linked seller websites, and demonstrated a multilevel relationship between advertisements and sellers with multiple layers of redirection. Descriptive analysis indicated that advertisements and affiliates, but not linked sellers, included smoking cessation claims. Results suggest that ENDS sellers may be trying to distance marketing efforts containing unsubstantiated claims from sales. A separate descriptive analysis of 20 ENDS seller web pages indicated that the use of affiliate marketing by sellers may be widespread. These findings support increased monitoring and regulation of ENDS marketing to prevent deceptive marketing tactics and ensure consumer safety. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Who sells what? Country specific differences in substance availability on the Agora cryptomarket.

PubMed

Van Buskirk, Joe; Naicker, Sundresan; Roxburgh, Amanda; Bruno, Raimondo; Burns, Lucinda

2016-09-01

To date monitoring of cryptomarkets operating on the dark net has largely focused on market size and substance availability. Less is known of country specific differences in these indicators and how they may corroborate population prevalence estimates for substance use in different countries. All substance listings from the cryptomarket Agora were recorded over seven time points throughout February and March 2015. Agora was chosen due to its size as the second largest cryptomarket operating and the level of detail of information provided in individual substance listings. Data were collated and the number of unique sellers selling each substance by country of origin was analysed. An average of 14,456.7 substance listings were identified across sampled days from 868.7 unique sellers. The top five countries by number of listings were the USA, United Kingdom, Australia, China and the Netherlands, collectively accounting for 61.8% of all identified listings and 68% of all unique sellers. Australia was over represented in terms of sellers per capita, while China was over represented in new psychoactive substance (NPS) listings. When examined by number of listings per seller, the Netherlands and China stood out as particularly large, likely due to these countries' role in the local production of various illicit and new psychoactive substances. Numbers of sellers by country of origin appear to be influenced by several factors. Australia's overrepresentation in sellers per capita may indicate its relative geographical isolation and the potential for profit margins from selling online, while China's overrepresentation in NPS listings may reflect domestic production of these substances. Continued monitoring will provide enhanced understanding of the increasingly complex and globalised nature of illicit drug markets. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Online Availability and Safety of Drugs in Shortage: A Descriptive Study of Internet Vendor Characteristics

PubMed Central

Mackey, Tim K

2012-01-01

Background Unprecedented drug shortages announced by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have severely affected therapeutic access, patient safety, and public health. With continued shortages, patients may seek drugs online. Objective To assess the prevalence of online marketing for current FDA shortage drugs and potential patient safety risks. Methods We performed a descriptive study of the prevalence of online marketing for shortage drugs—that is, offers for sale of each drug, including characteristics of online drug sellers and intermediary sites marketing these drugs. Results Of the 72 FDA shortage-listed drugs, 68 (94%) were offered for sale online. We found 291 offers for these drugs, the vast majority (n = 207, 71.1%) by online drug sellers selling direct to consumers. Intermediary sites included data aggregators (n = 22, 8%), forum links (n = 23, 8%), and personal page data links (n = 34, 12%), as well as Flickr social media links (n = 5, 2%), all advertising drugs without a prescription. Of the 91 online drug sellers identified, 31 (34%) had more than 1 shortage drug offered for sale, representing most (n = 148, 71%) of all online drug seller sales offers. The majority of these online drug sellers (n = 21, 68%) were on the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) Not Recommended Sites list. Finally, for shortage drugs with an online drug seller (n = 58, 85%), 53 (91%) had at least one site on the Not Recommended list and 21 (36%) had only sites on the Not Recommended list. Conclusions FDA shortage drugs are widely marketed over the Internet. Suspect online drug sellers and intermediaries dominate these sales offers. As a critical risk management issue, patients, providers, and policymakers should be extremely cautious in procuring shortage drugs through Internet sourcing. PMID:22321731

Commentary: Understanding the impact of domestic violence on children, recognizing strengths, and promoting resilience: reflections on Harold and Sellers (2018).

PubMed

Osofsky, Joy D

2018-04-01

Violence and abuse in families occurs frequently with significant impact on children of all ages. However, this type of interpersonal violence is often the least disclosed or discussed. Therefore, the Harold and Sellers paper is important to bring attention to the broad range of both behavioral and neuroscience research in this area and the clinical implications for children and adolescents including risk for later psychopathology. The commentary also expands an understanding of the impact and outcomes for very young children exposed to domestic violence. The authors provide a thorough description of the many prevention and intervention programs and approaches to help children exposed to domestic violence. In conclusion, it is essential to recognize that even at times of adversity for children and families, such as when domestic violence occurs, it is important to recognize strengths and support resilience. © 2018 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jiskoot, R.J.J.

Accurate and reliable sampling systems are imperative when confirming natural gas' commercial value. Buyers and sellers need accurate hydrocarbon-composition information to conduct fair sale transactions. Because of poor sample extraction, preparation or analysis can invalidate the sale, more attention should be directed toward improving representative sampling. Consider all sampling components, i.e., gas types, line pressure and temperature, equipment maintenance and service needs, etc. The paper discusses gas sampling, design considerations (location, probe type, extraction devices, controller, and receivers), operating requirements, and system integration.

16 CFR 460.18 - Insulation ads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Insulation ads. 460.18 Section 460.18... INSULATION § 460.18 Insulation ads. (a) If your ad gives an R-value, you must give the type of insulation and... the R-value, the greater the insulating power. Ask your seller for the fact sheet on R-values.” (b) If...

16 CFR 460.18 - Insulation ads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Insulation ads. 460.18 Section 460.18... INSULATION § 460.18 Insulation ads. (a) If your ad gives an R-value, you must give the type of insulation and... the R-value, the greater the insulating power. Ask your seller for the fact sheet on R-values.” (b) If...

16 CFR 460.18 - Insulation ads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Insulation ads. 460.18 Section 460.18... INSULATION § 460.18 Insulation ads. (a) If your ad gives an R-value, you must give the type of insulation and... the R-value, the greater the insulating power. Ask your seller for the fact sheet on R-values.” (b) If...

16 CFR 460.18 - Insulation ads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Insulation ads. 460.18 Section 460.18... INSULATION § 460.18 Insulation ads. (a) If your ad gives an R-value, you must give the type of insulation and... the R-value, the greater the insulating power. Ask your seller for the fact sheet on R-values.” (b) If...

16 CFR 460.18 - Insulation ads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Insulation ads. 460.18 Section 460.18... INSULATION § 460.18 Insulation ads. (a) If your ad gives an R-value, you must give the type of insulation and... the R-value, the greater the insulating power. Ask your seller for the fact sheet on R-values.” (b) If...

A Home Away from Home? Chinese Student Evaluations of an Overseas Study Experience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simpson, Ken; Tan, Weihua

2009-01-01

As the education of international students has developed into a key component of the economic mix for many Western democracies, approaches to the evaluation of success or failure have become increasingly based on the type of buyer-seller relationship that features strongly in the management and marketing literature. As a result, an activity that…

75 FR 21626 - Notice of Public Information Collection Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications Commission...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-26

... enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the information collected; (d) ways to minimize the burden of..., TV Broadcast Receivers. Form Number: N/A. Type of Review: Extension of a currently approved... Commission's rules requires sellers of TV sets (and other TV receiver equipment) that do not contain a...

21 CFR 1314.40 - Self-certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

.... The expiration date of the self-certification for all regulated sellers in any group will be the last... must update the self-certifications annually. (c) The regulated seller must provide a separate...

21 CFR 1314.40 - Self-certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... The expiration date of the self-certification for all regulated sellers in any group will be the last... must update the self-certifications annually. (c) The regulated seller must provide a separate...

21 CFR 1314.40 - Self-certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

.... The expiration date of the self-certification for all regulated sellers in any group will be the last... must update the self-certifications annually. (c) The regulated seller must provide a separate...

21 CFR 1314.40 - Self-certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

.... The expiration date of the self-certification for all regulated sellers in any group will be the last... must update the self-certifications annually. (c) The regulated seller must provide a separate...

21 CFR 1314.40 - Self-certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

.... The expiration date of the self-certification for all regulated sellers in any group will be the last... must update the self-certifications annually. (c) The regulated seller must provide a separate...

12 CFR 7.1002 - National bank acting as finder.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... sellers, and conducting market research to identify potential new customers for retailers; (5) Conveying... and terms to potential markets for these products and services; (2) Communicating to the seller an...

12 CFR 7.1002 - National bank acting as finder.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... sellers, and conducting market research to identify potential new customers for retailers; (5) Conveying... and terms to potential markets for these products and services; (2) Communicating to the seller an...

16 CFR 315.5 - Prescriber verification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... time of verification request; (6) The name of a contact person at the seller's company, including... digital image of the prescription), that was presented to the seller by the patient or prescriber. (2) For...

16 CFR 315.5 - Prescriber verification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... time of verification request; (6) The name of a contact person at the seller's company, including... digital image of the prescription), that was presented to the seller by the patient or prescriber. (2) For...

Buyer and seller data from pay what you want and name your own price laboratory markets.

PubMed

Krämer, Florentin; Schmidt, Klaus M; Spann, Martin; Stich, Lucas

2017-06-01

Pay What You Want (PWYW) and Name Your Own Price (NYOP) are customer-driven pricing mechanisms that give customers (some) pricing power and that have been used in service industries with high fixed costs to price discriminate without setting a reference price. This paper describes buyer and seller data in a series of induced-value laboratory experiments that compare PWYW and NYOP in monopoly and competitive situations. Sellers are in a one-shot interaction with buyers. Sellers using customer-driven pricing mechanisms may exogenously or endogenously receive additional promotional benefits, for instance through word-of-mouth effects. The major findings based on the data presented here are reported in the paper "Delegating Pricing Power to Customers: Pay What You Want or Name Your Own Price?" (Krämer et al., 2017) [3].

Injectable contraceptive sales at licensed chemical seller shops in ghana: access and reported use in rural and periurban communities.

PubMed

Lebetkin, Elena; Orr, Tracy; Dzasi, Kafui; Keyes, Emily; Shelus, Victoria; Mensah, Stephen; Nagai, Henry; Stanback, John

2014-03-01

Most women in Ghana obtain oral contraceptives and condoms from shops run by licensed chemical sellers, but such shops are not legally permitted to sell the country's most widely used method, the injectable. Allowing shops to sell the injectable could increase access to and use of the method. In 2012-2013, semistructured telephone interviews were conducted among convenience samples of 94 licensed chemical seller shop operators in two districts who were trained to sell the injectable and of 298 women who purchased the method from these shops. Follow-up interviews were conducted with 92 clients approximately three months after their initial injectable purchase. Ninety-seven percent of shop operators reported selling the injectable, and 94% felt sufficiently trained to provide family planning methods and services. Virtually all sellers (99%) referred clients to a hospital or health facility for injection; none provided injections themselves. Fifty-six percent of injectable clients were new family planning users. Of those who completed a follow-up interview, 79% had purchased the injectable again from a shop. Virtually all clients (97%) reported getting their injection at the health facility to which they were referred by the seller. Women cited trust, convenience and commodities being in stock as key reasons for purchasing from a shop. Licensed chemical seller shop operators can safely sell the injectable and refer clients to health facilities for screening, counseling and injection.

Capacity choice in a large market.

PubMed

Godenhielm, Mats; Kultti, Klaus

2014-01-01

We analyze endogenous capacity formation in a large frictional market with perfectly divisible goods. Each seller posts a price and decides on a capacity. The buyers base their decision on which seller to visit on both characteristics. In this setting we determine the conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a symmetric equilibrium. When capacity is unobservable there exists a continuum of equilibria. We show that the "best" of these equilibria leads to the same seller capacities and the same number of trades as the symmetric equilibrium under observable capacity.

Sellers in sleeping bag on the MDDK during STS-132

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-05-17

S132-E-007710 (17 May 2010) --- NASA astronaut Piers Sellers, STS-132 mission specialist, rests in his sleeping bag on the middeck of the space shuttle Atlantis while docked with the International Space Station.

Analysing Buyers' and Sellers' Strategic Interactions in Marketplaces: An Evolutionary Game Theoretic Approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vytelingum, Perukrishnen; Cliff, Dave; Jennings, Nicholas R.

We develop a new model to analyse the strategic behaviour of buyers and sellers in market mechanisms. In particular, we wish to understand how the different strategies they adopt affect their economic efficiency in the market and to understand the impact of these choices on the overall efficiency of the marketplace. To this end, we adopt a two-population evolutionary game theoretic approach, where we consider how the behaviours of both buyers and sellers evolve in marketplaces. In so doing, we address the shortcomings of the previous state-of-the-art analytical model that assumes that buyers and sellers have to adopt the same mixed strategy in the market. Finally, we apply our model in one of the most common market mechanisms, the Continuous Double Auction, and demonstrate how it allows us to provide new insights into the strategic interactions of such trading agents.

MEDICINE SELLERS AND MALARIA TREATMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

PubMed Central

GOODMAN, CATHERINE; BRIEGER, WILLIAM; UNWIN, ALASDAIR; MILLS, ANNE; MEEK, SYLVIA; GREER, GEORGE

2009-01-01

Medicine sellers are widely used for fever and malaria treatment in sub-Saharan Africa, but concerns surround the appropriateness of drugs and information provided. There is increasing interest in improving their services, so we reviewed the literature on their characteristics, and interventions to improve their malaria-related practices. Sixteen interventions were identified, involving a mix of training/capacity building, demand generation, quality assurance and creating an enabling environment. Although evidence is insufficient to prove which approaches are superior, tentative conclusions were possible. Interventions increased rates of appropriate treatment, and medicine sellers were willing to participate. Features of successful interventions included a comprehensive situation analysis of the legal and market environment; “buy-in” from medicine sellers, community members and government; use of a combination of approaches; and maintenance of training and supervision. Interventions must be adapted to include artemisinin-based combination therapies, and their sustainability and potential to operate at national level should be further explored. PMID:18165494

On the relation between economic bubbles and effort gaps between sellers and buyers: An experimental study

PubMed Central

Kauffmann, Amitay; Ashby, Nathaniel J. S.; Zahavi, Gal

2017-01-01

Economic bubbles are an empirical puzzle because they do not readily fit the notion of an efficient market. We argue that bubbles are associated with a conflict and a gap in the allocation of effort during negotiation by sellers and buyers. We examined 21 experimental asset markets where in one condition players could buy and sell and in the other they could either buy or sell. The results indicated that when making concurrent buying and selling decisions the mean number of asks for sellers was 71% higher than the number of bids for buyers. Similar findings emerge in a re-analysis of data from Lei et al. (2001). Importantly, bubbles only emerged in markets where the number of asks was larger than that of bids. These findings indicate that bubbles are associated with increased negotiation effort when acting as a seller and diminished effort when acting as a buyer. PMID:29228034

Nash and integrated solutions in a just-in-time seller-buyer supply chain with buyer's ordering cost reductions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lou, Kuo-Ren; Wang, Lu

2016-05-01

The seller frequently offers the buyer trade credit to settle the purchase amount. From the seller's prospective, granting trade credit increases not only the opportunity cost (i.e., the interest loss on the buyer's purchase amount during the credit period) but also the default risk (i.e., the rate that the buyer will be unable to pay off his/her debt obligations). On the other hand, granting trade credit increases sales volume and revenue. Consequently, trade credit is an important strategy to increase seller's profitability. In this paper, we assume that the seller uses trade credit and number of shipments in a production run as decision variables to maximise his/her profit, while the buyer determines his/her replenishment cycle time and capital investment as decision variables to reduce his/her ordering cost and achieve his/her maximum profit. We then derive non-cooperative Nash solution and cooperative integrated solution in a just-in-time inventory system, in which granting trade credit increases not only the demand but also the opportunity cost and default risk, and the relationship between the capital investment and the ordering cost reduction is logarithmic. Then, we use a software to solve and compare these two distinct solutions. Finally, we use sensitivity analysis to obtain some managerial insights.

12 CFR 1010.109 - Title to the property and land use.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., language in the disclosure narrative under “Method of Sale”: “If you fail to make your payments required by the contract, you may lose your lot and all monies paid.” (iii) If, at the time of a credit sale, the developer gives the buyer a deed to the lot, what type of security must the buyer give the seller? (iv) If...

12 CFR 1010.109 - Title to the property and land use.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., language in the disclosure narrative under “Method of Sale”: “If you fail to make your payments required by the contract, you may lose your lot and all monies paid.” (iii) If, at the time of a credit sale, the developer gives the buyer a deed to the lot, what type of security must the buyer give the seller? (iv) If...

12 CFR 1010.109 - Title to the property and land use.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., language in the disclosure narrative under “Method of Sale”: “If you fail to make your payments required by the contract, you may lose your lot and all monies paid.” (iii) If, at the time of a credit sale, the developer gives the buyer a deed to the lot, what type of security must the buyer give the seller? (iv) If...

Sellers floats, meditation style, in the MDK on STS-121 / Expedition 13 joint operations

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-07-08

S121-E-06123 (8 July 2006) --- Astronaut Piers J. Sellers, STS-121 mission specialist, smiles for the camera as he floats on the middeck of the Space Shuttle Discovery while docked with the International Space Station.

Food Safety Perceptions and Practices among Smallholder Pork Value Chain Actors in Hung Yen Province, Vietnam.

PubMed

Dang-Xuan, Sinh; Nguyen-Viet, Hung; Meeyam, Tongkorn; Fries, Reinhard; Nguyen-Thanh, Huong; Pham-Duc, Phuc; Lam, Steven; Grace, Delia; Unger, Fred

2016-09-01

Pork safety is an important public health concern in Vietnam and is a shared responsibility among many actors along the pork value chain. We examined the knowledge, perceptions, and practices regarding food safety, disease, and health risk among selected pork value chain actors (slaughterhouse owners and workers, people living around slaughterhouses, pork sellers, consumers, and veterinary and public health staff) in three districts in Hung Yen Province, Vietnam. We randomly selected 52 pork value chain actors to be surveyed through questionnaires, observation checklists, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. Most slaughterhouse workers acquired knowledge and experience of food safety through "learning by doing" rather than from training by a veterinary or public health professional. Both slaughterhouse worker and pork seller groups had some accurate perceptions about pig diseases and foodborne diseases; however, misperceptions of risk and, especially, of zoonoses were present. Furthermore, while workers and sellers often use cloths to dry the meat and clean equipment, they did not think this was a risk for meat contamination. Moreover, when sellers wear protective equipment, such as gloves, masks, or hats, consumers perceive that the sellers may have health issues they are trying to conceal and so consumers avoid buying from them. The perceived freshness of pork, along with trust in the seller and in the pork production process, were strong indicators of consumer preference. And yet, pork value chain actors tend to trust their own individual food safety practices more, rather than the practices of other actors along the chain. Veterinary and public health staff emphasized the gap between regulations and food safety practices. Education and training on food safety risks and proper handling are priorities, along with integrated and intensive efforts to improve food safety among pork value chain actors.

Sellers holds up a bundle of tangled audio cables during STS-121 / Expedition 13 joint operations

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-07-15

S121-E-07791 (15 July 2006) --- Astronaut Piers J. Sellers, STS-121 mission specialist, works with cables on the middeck of Space Shuttle Discovery as the shuttle crew prepares to undock from the International Space Station.

6 CFR 25.5 - Obligations of seller.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...-TERRORISM BY FOSTERING EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES § 25.5 Obligations of seller. (a) Liability Insurance Required... Terrorism when Qualified Anti-Terrorism Technologies have been deployed in defense against, response to, or...-Terrorism Technology submit any information that would: (1) Assist in determining the amount of liability...

STS-112 Crew Interviews: Sellers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Piers Sellers is an Astronaut from Crowborough, UK. His Bachelor of Science degree is in Ecological science from Scotland's University of Edinburgh and his doctorate is in biometeorology from Leeds University in the UK. After two years of intense training, Sellers's first assignment as a Mission Specialist is on Flight 111 STS-112. The goal of this flight is to continue building the International Space Station. Sellers, accompanied by five astronauts, will install the S1 truss of the space station which will take three EVA's, or Extra Vehicular Activities to complete. In EVA 1, the highest priority, the S1 truss will be attached to the space station. EVA 2, the electrical work, will set up the radiator and cooling equipment for the station. EVA 3, the final process of the flight, will prepare the station for the next mission. The primary reason for installing the truss is to change the center of gravity of the station so when the next truss is installed, it will be at a symmetrical point.

Towards Automated Bargaining in Electronic Markets: A Partially Two-Sided Competition Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gatti, Nicola; Lazaric, Alessandro; Restelli, Marcello

This paper focuses on the prominent issue of automating bargaining agents within electronic markets. Models of bargaining in literature deal with settings wherein there are only two agents and no model satisfactorily captures settings in which there is competition among buyers, being they more than one, and analogously among sellers. In this paper, we extend the principal bargaining protocol, i.e. the alternating-offers protocol, to capture bargaining in markets. The model we propose is such that, in presence of a unique buyer and a unique seller, agents' equilibrium strategies are those in the original protocol. Moreover, we game theoretically study the considered game providing the following results: in presence of one-sided competition (more buyers and one seller or vice versa) we provide agents' equilibrium strategies for all the values of the parameters, in presence of two-sided competition (more buyers and more sellers) we provide an algorithm that produce agents' equilibrium strategies for a large set of the parameters and we experimentally evaluate its effectiveness.

Optimal Product Placement.

PubMed

Hsu, Chia-Ling; Matta, Rafael; Popov, Sergey V; Sogo, Takeharu

2017-01-01

We model a market, such as an online software market, in which an intermediary connects sellers and buyers by displaying sellers' products. With two vertically-differentiated products, an intermediary can place either: (1) one product, not necessarily the better one, on the first page, and the other hidden on the second page; or (2) both products on the first page. We show that it can be optimal for the intermediary to obfuscate a product-possibly the better one-since this weakens price competition and allows the sellers to extract a greater surplus from buyers; however, it is not socially optimal. The choice of which one to obfuscate depends on the distribution of search costs.

46 CFR 515.32 - Freight forwarder duties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS AFFECTING OCEAN SHIPPING IN FOREIGN COMMERCE LICENSING, FINANCIAL... forwarder is a shipper or seller of goods in international commerce or affiliated with such an entity, the... notice on such items: This company is a shipper or seller of goods in international commerce or is...

20 CFR 404.1069 - Real estate agents and direct sellers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Real estate agents and direct sellers. 404.1069 Section 404.1069 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Employment, Wages, Self-Employment, and Self-Employment Income Self-Employment...

20 CFR 404.1069 - Real estate agents and direct sellers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Real estate agents and direct sellers. 404.1069 Section 404.1069 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Employment, Wages, Self-Employment, and Self-Employment Income Self-Employment...

20 CFR 404.1069 - Real estate agents and direct sellers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Real estate agents and direct sellers. 404.1069 Section 404.1069 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Employment, Wages, Self-Employment, and Self-Employment Income Self-Employment...

50 CFR 15.25 - Permits for personal pets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... the origin of the exotic bird, including; (i) Country of origin; and (ii) A description and... seller with name and address of seller, date of sale, species, and other identifying information on the... transfer, species and hatch date. (b) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in...

50 CFR 15.25 - Permits for personal pets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... the origin of the exotic bird, including; (i) Country of origin; and (ii) A description and... seller with name and address of seller, date of sale, species, and other identifying information on the... transfer, species and hatch date. (b) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in...

50 CFR 15.25 - Permits for personal pets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... the origin of the exotic bird, including; (i) Country of origin; and (ii) A description and... seller with name and address of seller, date of sale, species, and other identifying information on the... transfer, species and hatch date. (b) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in...

21 CFR 1314.50 - Employment measures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Employment measures. 1314.50 Section 1314.50 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE RETAIL SALE OF SCHEDULED LISTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS Sales by Regulated Sellers § 1314.50 Employment measures. A regulated seller may take...

FAMILY AND HUMAN RESOURCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A FEMALE CRACK-SELLER CAREER

PubMed Central

Dunlap, Eloise; Johnson, Bruce D.

2009-01-01

This paper is primarily concerned with resources which family and kin network bring to drug careers. The general thesis is that specific human resources available during childhood influence both the nature and extent of participation in crack use and sales. The availability of family and human resources are critical in determining the extent to which drug abusers could develop and maintain a “conventional” identity while engaging in a drug-distribution career. Although females are becoming more evident in crack-distribution roles, they remain a minority among crack sellers and usually perform the lowest roles. This case study of Rachel represents a truly hidden population, a minority female who has been a successful crack seller for several years. The paper provides insight about persons that rarely come to attention when studying drug distribution and participation. Such persons acquire skills and resources during their lives that enable them to function in two diverse worlds. Such crack sellers are “truly hidden” because they do not have criminal records, almost never come to the attention of police, and function adequately in conventional roles. By analyzing a detailed case study of a female drug seller, this paper delineates some of the human resources and skills which may account for her differential outcome in a career of drug use and sales in inner-city settings. PMID:19809522

Village poultry consumption and marketing in relation to gender, religious festivals and market access.

PubMed

Aklilu, H A; Almekinders, C J M; Udo, H M J; Van der Zijpp, A J

2007-04-01

This study aimed to examine village poultry consumption and marketing in Ethiopia in relation to gender, socio-cultural events and market access. The main objects of the research were producers, poultry markets, producer-sellers, and intermediary sellers in three locations representing different levels of market access in Tigray. About 3000 farm records were collected over a period of 12 months from 131 producers to obtain quantitative data on sales and consumption. Ninety-three semi-structured interviews with 58 producer-sellers and 35 intermediaries and 12 group discussions with these market actors were conducted to explore organization, price dynamics and socio-cultural aspects of poultry marketing. In total, 928 producer-sellers and 225 intermediaries were monitored monthly to examine participation by gender in poultry marketing. Better market access was associated with a shorter market chain and higher prices for the producers. Female-headed households had smaller poultry sales and consumption per household but sale and consumption per family member were 25% and 66% higher, respectively, than in male-headed households. While women dominated in the producer-sellers group, intermediaries were mainly men. Religious festivals periodically shifted local demand and prices of poultry. To improve the benefit of poultry keeping, poverty-stricken households may profit from better market access through better market information, infrastructure, market group formation and careful planning to match the dynamics in demand.

Assessments and market design for the water market at Xiying Irrigation, Shiyang River Basin, Gansu Province, China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, T.; Zhao, J.; Zheng, H.

2016-12-01

As one of the pilot water markets in China, the market in Xiying Irrigation was built in 2008. Based on the historical trading data, it can be concluded that the studied market is growing but facing quite a few challenges. To solve these challenges, the first step we have done is assessment on the market. Some comparable indices were introduced from network science by us. These indices straightforwardly show the status and major problems in the market. One main problem we have found from surveys and our assessment is that there are barriers between distant seller and buyer. This discovery incentives us to develop a new mechanism for matching sellers and buyers to reduce the loss on social welfare. By modelling the trading barriers between a buyer and a seller as an indicator -- tradable or nontradable, the authors propose a mixed-integer linear programming algorithm to optimize the social welfare. According to the theories on competitive equilibrium, the authors are able to extend the programming to compute a reasonable price profile for each pair of tradable seller and buyer. It can be proved that given the price profile, the optimal strategy for each seller or buyer is to follow the optimal assignment. This mechanism significantly reduces the social welfare loss. However, this study shows that removing the trading barriers can brings more social welfare increments.

17 CFR 230.904 - Offshore resales.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... affiliates (except any officer or director who is an affiliate solely by virtue of holding such position), or... concession, fee or other remuneration in respect of the securities offered or sold: (i) Neither the seller... selling concession, fee or other remuneration in respect of the securities sold, the seller or a person...

Internet Auction Sellers: Does Size Really Matter?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Halstead, Diane; Becherer, Richard C.

2003-01-01

Examines the Internet auction phenomenon as it relates to the marketing mix of online auction sellers. The data indicate that, while there is great diversity among businesses that utilize online auctions, distinct cost leadership and differentiation marketing strategies are both evident. These two approaches are further distinguished in terms of…

16 CFR 435.3 - Limited applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Limited applicability. 435.3 Section 435.3... § 435.3 Limited applicability. (a) This part shall not apply to: (1) Subscriptions, such as magazine... regulation which impose obligations or liabilities upon sellers, when sellers subject to this part are not in...

32 CFR 239.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... section 1001(p) of Public Law 111-5). (b) Closing costs. Sellers' closing costs typically include: loan... sellers' closing costs that are customary for the region where the home is located. Applicant's realtor or lender can provide the applicant with the normal closing costs for his/her region. HAP will reimburse the...

32 CFR 239.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... section 1001(p) of Public Law 111-5). (b) Closing costs. Sellers' closing costs typically include: loan... sellers' closing costs that are customary for the region where the home is located. Applicant's realtor or lender can provide the applicant with the normal closing costs for his/her region. HAP will reimburse the...

32 CFR 239.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... section 1001(p) of Public Law 111-5). (b) Closing costs. Sellers' closing costs typically include: loan... sellers' closing costs that are customary for the region where the home is located. Applicant's realtor or lender can provide the applicant with the normal closing costs for his/her region. HAP will reimburse the...

32 CFR 239.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... section 1001(p) of Public Law 111-5). (b) Closing costs. Sellers' closing costs typically include: loan... sellers' closing costs that are customary for the region where the home is located. Applicant's realtor or lender can provide the applicant with the normal closing costs for his/her region. HAP will reimburse the...

Price Discrimination and Resale: A Classroom Experiment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Basuchoudhary, Atin; Metcalf, Christopher; Pommerenke, Kai; Reiley, David; Rojas, Christian; Rostek, Marzena; Stodder, James

2008-01-01

The authors present a classroom experiment designed to illustrate key concepts of third-degree price discrimination. By participating as buyers and sellers, students actively learn (1) how group pricing differs from uniform pricing, (2) how resale between buyers limits a seller's ability to price discriminate, and (3) how preventing price…

16 CFR 240.11 - Wholesaler or third party performance of seller's obligations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Wholesaler or third party performance of seller's obligations. 240.11 Section 240.11 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION GUIDES AND TRADE PRACTICE RULES GUIDES FOR ADVERTISING ALLOWANCES AND OTHER MERCHANDISING PAYMENTS AND SERVICES...

18 CFR 35.41 - Market behavior rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Market behavior rules... Sales of Electric Energy, Capacity and Ancillary Services at Market-Based Rates § 35.41 Market behavior rules. (a) Unit operation. Where a Seller participates in a Commission-approved organized market, Seller...

18 CFR 35.41 - Market behavior rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Market behavior rules... Sales of Electric Energy, Capacity and Ancillary Services at Market-Based Rates § 35.41 Market behavior rules. (a) Unit operation. Where a Seller participates in a Commission-approved organized market, Seller...

18 CFR 35.41 - Market behavior rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Market behavior rules... Sales of Electric Energy, Capacity and Ancillary Services at Market-Based Rates § 35.41 Market behavior rules. (a) Unit operation. Where a Seller participates in a Commission-approved organized market, Seller...

Something of Value: How Franchise Sellers Make Training Pay

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berger, Gladys

1975-01-01

Training can be the most important benefit included in the purchase of a franchise. Several of these training programs used by franchise sellers (Castro Convertibles, Roto-Rooter, H and R Block, Dunhill Personnel Systems Inc., Carvel, Holiday Inns, Sheraton Inns Inc., McDonald's) are discussed. (Author/BP)

40 CFR 745.107 - Disclosure requirements for sellers and lessors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT LEAD-BASED PAINT POISONING PREVENTION IN CERTAIN RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES Disclosure of Known Lead-Based Paint and/or Lead-Based Paint Hazards Upon Sale or Lease of.... (1) The seller or lessor shall provide the purchaser or lessee with an EPA-approved lead hazard...

40 CFR 745.107 - Disclosure requirements for sellers and lessors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT LEAD-BASED PAINT POISONING PREVENTION IN CERTAIN RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES Disclosure of Known Lead-Based Paint and/or Lead-Based Paint Hazards Upon Sale or Lease of.... (1) The seller or lessor shall provide the purchaser or lessee with an EPA-approved lead hazard...

40 CFR 745.107 - Disclosure requirements for sellers and lessors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT LEAD-BASED PAINT POISONING PREVENTION IN CERTAIN RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES Disclosure of Known Lead-Based Paint and/or Lead-Based Paint Hazards Upon Sale or Lease of.... (1) The seller or lessor shall provide the purchaser or lessee with an EPA-approved lead hazard...

40 CFR 745.107 - Disclosure requirements for sellers and lessors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT LEAD-BASED PAINT POISONING PREVENTION IN CERTAIN RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES Disclosure of Known Lead-Based Paint and/or Lead-Based Paint Hazards Upon Sale or Lease of.... (1) The seller or lessor shall provide the purchaser or lessee with an EPA-approved lead hazard...

40 CFR 745.107 - Disclosure requirements for sellers and lessors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT LEAD-BASED PAINT POISONING PREVENTION IN CERTAIN RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES Disclosure of Known Lead-Based Paint and/or Lead-Based Paint Hazards Upon Sale or Lease of.... (1) The seller or lessor shall provide the purchaser or lessee with an EPA-approved lead hazard...

13 CFR 120.1718 - SBA's right to assume Seller's responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false SBA's right to assume Seller's responsibilities. 120.1718 Section 120.1718 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Establishment of SBA Secondary Market Guarantee Program for First Lien Position 504 Loan Pools...

16 CFR 240.10 - Availability to all competing customers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... are furnished by the seller, or payments by the seller to customers for their advertising or promotion... GUIDES FOR ADVERTISING ALLOWANCES AND OTHER MERCHANDISING PAYMENTS AND SERVICES § 240.10 Availability to... advertising on radio, TV, or in newspapers of general circulation. Because the purchases of some of the...

16 CFR 444.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

.... A person who engages in the business of lending money to consumers within the jurisdiction of the.... (d) Consumer. A natural person who seeks or acquires goods, services, or money for personal, family... seller. (f) Creditor. A lender or a retail installment seller. (g) Debt. Money that is due or alleged to...

24 CFR 35.88 - Disclosure requirements for sellers and lessors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Housing and Urban Development LEAD-BASED PAINT POISONING PREVENTION IN CERTAIN RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES Disclosure of Known Lead-Based Paint and/or Lead-Based Paint Hazards Upon Sale or Lease of Residential... seller or lessor shall provide the purchaser or lessee with an EPA-approved lead hazard information...

[The press, gender, and scientific culture in the 1960s: an interview with Eulina Cavalcante, journalist for the newspaper News Seller].

PubMed

Almeida, Eulina Cavalcante de; Guimarães, Clara; Oliver, Graciela de Souza

2015-12-01

The article offers an interview with journalist Eulina Cavalcante de Almeida, editor of the woman's section of the ABC Paulista newspaper News Seller in the 1960s. Almeida was responsible for introducing women's and scientific issues to the paper's female readers. Science formed one of the foundations of her writing as she offered her women readers scientific information, especially in the area of health. In the 1960s, the level of scientific literacy in Brazil rose and Almeida's work dovetailed with this trend. The woman's section of News Seller played a valuable role in science communication in the ABC Paulista.

7 CFR 46.43 - Terms construed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) Shipment first part of week or shipment early part of week means that the produce referred to shall be... rejection. The buyer has recourse against the seller if the produce was not in suitable shipping condition... recovery of damages from the seller and not by rejection. (m) F.o.b. acceptance final or Shipping point...

MS Sellers connects cables during EVA 2

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-10-12

STS112-E-5290 (12 October 2002) --- With the aid of artificial lighting, astronaut Piers J. Sellers uses both a handrail on the Destiny Laboratory and a foot restraint on the Space Station Remote Manipulator System or Canadarm2 to remain stationary while performing work at the end of the STS-112 mission's second spacewalk.

76 FR 76162 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-06

... Franchise Rule, and it mirrors the requirements and prohibitions of the original Franchise Rule. The FTC... Franchise Rule. Staff estimates that 250 or so new business opportunity sellers will enter the market each... x 3 hours per seller)). \\3\\ Based upon staff's informal discussions with several franchises in...

19 CFR 10.596 - Value of materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Salvador purchases material x from an unrelated seller in El Salvador for $100. Under the provisions of... payable for the goods when sold to the producer in El Salvador ($100), adjusted in accordance with the... Salvador by the seller (or by anyone else). So long as the producer acquired material x in El Salvador, it...

19 CFR 10.596 - Value of materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Salvador purchases material x from an unrelated seller in El Salvador for $100. Under the provisions of... payable for the goods when sold to the producer in El Salvador ($100), adjusted in accordance with the... Salvador by the seller (or by anyone else). So long as the producer acquired material x in El Salvador, it...

12 CFR Rules for Card Issuers That... - by-Transaction Basis

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM TRUTH IN LENDING (REGULATION Z) Special Rules Applicable to Credit Card... Subpart B apply if credit cards are issued and the card issuer and the seller are the same or related... creditor have an agreement authorizing the seller to honor the creditor's credit card. 1. Section 226.6(a...

12 CFR Rules for Card Issuers That... - by-Transaction Basis

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM TRUTH IN LENDING (REGULATION Z) Special Rules Applicable to Credit Card... Subpart B apply if credit cards are issued and the card issuer and the seller are the same or related... creditor have an agreement authorizing the seller to honor the creditor's credit card. 1. Section 226.6(a...

14 CFR 257.6 - Effective and compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...), and § 257.6. (2) § 257.5(b) to the extent that it requires sellers of air transportation to give... the selling carrier is not the transporting carrier and (ii) Of the transporting carrier's identity...) insofar as it requires sellers of air transportation to give consumers (i) Oral notice before booking...

Sellers works at the CO2 Absorber Panel Door in the MDDK during STS-132

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-05-15

S132-E-007167 (15 May 2010) --- NASA astronaut Piers Sellers, STS-132 mission specialist, works at the Carbon Dioxide absorber panel door on the middeck of the Earth-orbiting space shuttle Atlantis during Flight Day 2 activities. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

9 CFR 201.100 - Records to be furnished poultry growers and sellers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... growers and sellers. 201.100 Section 201.100 Animals and Animal Products GRAIN INSPECTION, PACKERS AND... method used to convert condemnations to live weight; (iv) The per unit charges for feed and other inputs... weight and the average weight of the birds, and the payment per pound. (e) Condemnation and grading...

9 CFR 201.100 - Records to be furnished poultry growers and sellers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... growers and sellers. 201.100 Section 201.100 Animals and Animal Products GRAIN INSPECTION, PACKERS AND... method used to convert condemnations to live weight; (iv) The per unit charges for feed and other inputs... weight and the average weight of the birds, and the payment per pound. (e) Condemnation and grading...

9 CFR 201.100 - Records to be furnished poultry growers and sellers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Records to be furnished poultry growers and sellers. 201.100 Section 201.100 Animals and Animal Products GRAIN INSPECTION, PACKERS AND... grower with poultry house specifications. (b) Right to discuss the terms of poultry growing arrangement...

78 FR 67104 - Initiation of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Administrative Reviews and Request for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-08

... foreign sellers who purchase and export subject merchandise to the United States. Entities that currently... foreign sellers that purchase and export subject merchandise to the United States. \\1\\ Such entities... and Bows Co., Ltd Yangzhou Bestpak Gifts & Crafts Co., Ltd......... Yu Shin Development Co. Ltd The...

16 CFR 435.1 - The rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... the seller lacks a reasonable basis for providing a definite revised shipping date the notice shall... provide the buyer with a new definite revised shipping date, but where the seller lacks a reasonable basis... buyer has the right to exercise any option under this part or to cancel an order by so notifying the...

Sellers smiles at camera during STS-121

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-07-05

S121-E-05198 (5 July 2006) --- Astronaut Piers J. Sellers, STS-121 mission specialist, smiles for the camera as a crewmate photographs him on the middeck of the Space Shuttle Discovery. This was among the first group of digital still images showing the crewmembers onboard during their first full day in space.

30 CFR 206.104 - What publications are acceptable to MMS?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... price and ANS spot price based on certain criteria, including, but not limited to: (1) Publications... daily surveys of buyers and sellers of crude oil, and, for ANS spot prices, buyers and sellers of ANS... represent NYMEX prices or differentials or ANS spot market prices or differentials. [65 FR 14088, Mar. 15...

13 CFR 120.1719 - SBA's right to recover from Seller.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false SBA's right to recover from Seller. 120.1719 Section 120.1719 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Establishment of SBA Secondary Market Guarantee Program for First Lien Position 504 Loan Pools § 120.1719 SBA's...

Sales Role Play: An Online Simulation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newberry, Robert; Collins, Marianne

2017-01-01

The online role play simulation as described in this article addresses critical skills as identified by practitioners and includes background materials, buyer and seller profiles, a sale/no-sale decision matrix, as well as a grading rubric, thereby facilitating a variety of selling scenarios. Both the buyer and the seller have integral roles in…

The global counterfeit drug trade: patient safety and public health risks.

PubMed

Mackey, Tim K; Liang, Bryan A

2011-11-01

Counterfeit drugs are a global problem with significant and well-documented consequences for global health and patient safety, including drug resistance and patient deaths. This multibillion-dollar industry does not respect geopolitical borders, and threatens public health in both rich and resource-poor nations alike. The epidemiology of counterfeits is also wide in breadth and scope, including thousands of counterfeit incidents per year, encompassing all types of therapeutic classes, and employing a complex global supply chain network enabling this illegal activity. In addition, information technologies available through the Internet and sales via online pharmacies have allowed the criminal element to thrive in an unregulated environment of anonymity, deception, and lack of adequate enforcement. Though recent global enforcement efforts have led to arrests of online counterfeit sellers, such actions have not stemmed supplies from illegal online sellers or kept up with their creativity in illegally selling their products. To address this issue, we propose a global policy framework utilizing public-private partnership models with centralized surveillance reporting that would enable cooperation and coordination to combat this global health crisis. Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Trust or robustness? An ecological approach to the study of auction and bilateral markets.

PubMed

Hernández, Laura; Vignes, Annick; Saba, Stéphanie

2018-01-01

Centralized markets are often considered more efficient than bilateral exchanges because information is public and the same for all the agents. On decentralized markets, where the information is private, the influence of trust on the market outcome has been underlined by many authors. We present an empirical study of the distinctive Boulogne-sur-Mer Fish Market (where both buyers and sellers can choose to trade by either bidding or bargaining), focused on the interactions between agents. Our approach is inspired by studies of mutualistic ecosystems, where the agents are of two different types (as in plant-pollinator networks) and the interactions only take place between agents of different kinds, naturally providing benefits to both. In our context, where the two kinds of agents are buyers and sellers, our study shows that not only do their interactions bring economic benefits for the agents directly involved, but they also contribute to the stability of the market. Our results help to explain the surprising coexistence of the two forms of market in the distinctive Boulogne sur Mer Fish Market.

Trust or robustness? An ecological approach to the study of auction and bilateral markets

PubMed Central

Vignes, Annick; Saba, Stéphanie

2018-01-01

Centralized markets are often considered more efficient than bilateral exchanges because information is public and the same for all the agents. On decentralized markets, where the information is private, the influence of trust on the market outcome has been underlined by many authors. We present an empirical study of the distinctive Boulogne-sur-Mer Fish Market (where both buyers and sellers can choose to trade by either bidding or bargaining), focused on the interactions between agents. Our approach is inspired by studies of mutualistic ecosystems, where the agents are of two different types (as in plant-pollinator networks) and the interactions only take place between agents of different kinds, naturally providing benefits to both. In our context, where the two kinds of agents are buyers and sellers, our study shows that not only do their interactions bring economic benefits for the agents directly involved, but they also contribute to the stability of the market. Our results help to explain the surprising coexistence of the two forms of market in the distinctive Boulogne sur Mer Fish Market. PMID:29734331

31 CFR 1022.420 - Additional records to be maintained by providers and sellers of prepaid access.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Additional records to be maintained by providers and sellers of prepaid access. 1022.420 Section 1022.420 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT NETWORK, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY...

31 CFR 1022.420 - Additional records to be maintained by providers and sellers of prepaid access.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Additional records to be maintained by providers and sellers of prepaid access. 1022.420 Section 1022.420 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT NETWORK, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY...

31 CFR 1022.420 - Additional records to be maintained by providers and sellers of prepaid access.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Additional records to be maintained by providers and sellers of prepaid access. 1022.420 Section 1022.420 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT NETWORK, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY...

16 CFR 310.4 - Abusive telemarketing acts or practices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... receipt of a customer's or donor's billing information to process a payment for goods or services or a... of the seller whose goods or services are being offered or made on behalf of the charitable...)(4)(iii), unless: (A) in any such call to induce the purchase of any good or service, the seller has...

12 CFR Rules for Card Issuers That... - by-Transaction Basis

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Credit Card Accounts and Open-End Credit Offered to College Students Reevaluation of rate increases. Pt... provisions of Subpart B apply if credit cards are issued and the card issuer and the seller are the same or... creditor have an agreement authorizing the seller to honor the creditor's credit card. 1. Section 226.6(a...

9 CFR 201.100 - Records to be furnished poultry growers and sellers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Records to be furnished poultry... PACKERS AND STOCKYARDS ACT Poultry-Packers and Live Poultry Dealers § 201.100 Records to be furnished poultry growers and sellers. Link to an amendment published at 74 FR 63277, Dec. 3, 2009. (a) Contracts...

77 FR 56838 - Puget Sound Energy, Inc. v. All Jurisdictional Sellers, et al.; Notice of Filing

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-14

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket No. EL01-10-103] Puget Sound Energy, Inc. v. All Jurisdictional Sellers, et al.; Notice of Filing Take notice that on August 23, 2012... accordance with Paragraph 7 of the Commission's July 31, 2012 Order, Puget Sound Energy, Inc. v. All...

77 FR 61895 - Electricity Market Transparency Provisions of Section 220 of the Federal Power Act

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-11

... rate authority and an ex post analysis of whether a seller with market-based rate authority has... Commission in performing ex post analyses to determine whether a seller with market-based rate authority has... Order Nos. 720 and 720-A, whereby the Commission required major intrastate natural gas pipelines to post...

An Efficient Buyer-Seller Watermarking Protocol Based on Chameleon Encryption

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Poh, Geong Sen; Martin, Keith M.

Buyer-seller watermarking protocols are designed to deter clients from illegally distributing copies of digital content. This is achieved by allowing a distributor to insert a unique watermark into content in such a way that the distributor does not know the final watermarked copy that is given to the client. This protects both the client and distributor from attempts by one to falsely accuse the other of misuse. Buyer-seller watermarking protocols are normally based on asymmetric cryptographic primitives known as homomorphic encryption schemes. However, the computational and communication overhead of this conventional approach is high. In this paper we propose a different approach, based on the symmetric Chameleon encryption scheme. We show that this leads to significant gains in computational and operational efficiency.

[Possibility and predictors of successful cigarette purchase attempts by 201 primary school students in Guangzhou, China].

PubMed

Wen, Xiao-zhong; Huang, Jian-hua; Chen, Wei-qing; Liang, Cai-hua; Han, Ke; Ling, Wen-hua

2007-01-01

To explore the access to tobacco and exam the predictors of successful tobacco purchase attempts among Chinese minors. A simulative trial of purchasing cigarettes was participated by 201 sixth grade students to assess the prevalence of illegal cigarette sales to minors in Guangzhou. Methods of Chi-square and unconditional logistic regression were used to identify the significant predictors,with the result of tobacco purchase as the dependent variable and the characteristics of stores, retailers and minors as the independent variables. A total of 165 students succeeded in purchasing cigarettes but 36 failed, and the percentage of successful purchase attempts was 82. 1% . Data from univariate analysis indicated that 9 factors were significantly associated with students' success in purchasing cigarettes. They were age and height of the purchasers, types of stores, seller's gender and age, posting cigarette advertisements,showing warning signs of 'no cigarette selling to minors' ,asking buyer's age,and asking whom you buy the cigarettes for. The results of multivariable analysis showed that only three variables entering the final logistic regression: the age of students, the type of stores, and showing warning signs of 'no cigarette selling to minors'. Chinese minors have easy access to purchasing cigarettes, especially in groceries and small markets. Selling cigarettes by sellers to minors should be monitored and managed in the future.

Emerging feed markets for ruminant production in urban and peri-urban areas of Northern Ghana.

PubMed

Konlan, S P; Ayantunde, A A; Addah, W; Dei, H K; Karbo, N

2018-01-01

Feed shortage in urban and peri-urban areas has triggered the emergence of feed markets in Northern Ghana. These markets were surveyed at three locations (Tamale, Bolgatanga, and Wa markets) to determine types and prices of feedstuffs sold across seasons; early dry (November-January), late dry (February-April), early wet (May-July), and main wet (August-October). Semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Three samples of each feed type in the markets were bought from three different sellers per market in each season. The samples were oven dried to constant weight and price/kg DM of each feed determined. The total respondents were 169. Out of this number, 41% were feed sellers, 46% buyers, and 13% retailers. The feedstuffs found were crop residues (groundnut haulm and cowpea haulm), agro-industrial by-products (bran of maize, rice, and sorghum), fresh grasses (Rotteboellia cochinchinensis), and local browses (Ficus sp. and Pterocarpus erinaceous). Prices of feeds differed (P < 0.05) among markets and were higher in Bolgatanga than Tamale and Wa markets. Prices of cereal bran were not different (P > 0.05) in all seasons but that of crop residues were higher (P < 05) in early to late dry season than the wet season. Majority (90%) of respondents opined that the feed market will expand due to increasing number of livestock population in the peri-urban areas.

Methodological lessons from a cohort study of high risk women in Tanzania

PubMed Central

Hoffmann, O; Zaba, B; Wolff, B; Sanga, E; Maboko, L; Mmbando, D; von Sonnenburg, F; Hoelscher, M

2004-01-01

Objectives: To describe the development, characteristics, and follow up of a high risk cohort of women in Tanzania. Differences in social background and sexual behaviour of women working in traditional and modern alcohol selling workplaces are shown. Methods: Data from questionnaires four months before the enrolment of the cohort, at enrolment, and at 32 months were compared. Key informant interviews, social mapping exercises, and focus group discussions were held before the start of the cohort. Results: In the absence of organised prostitution, two different groups of women with high risk exposure were identified during the baseline survey: female workers in modern alcohol selling places such as bars, guesthouses, and restaurants (barmaids) and in traditional places (local brew sellers). Overall, the population had a mean age of 27.7 years with barmaids tending to be younger (24.3 years) than local brew sellers (34.2 years). The main duration of stay in the current workplace was 2.1 years (barmaids 0.9 years; local brew sellers 4.1 years). Barmaids were more likely to have paying casual sex partners than local brew sellers and used condoms more regularly. Local brew sellers tend to be more stable with only 10% lost to follow up after 32 months compared with 24.4% of the bar workers. Conclusions: Preliminary work revealed major differences in characteristics and behaviour between women working in modern and traditional alcohol selling outlets. Thorough preparation of the study, close monitoring of the cohort, and provision of selected benefits resulted in high retention rates over a 32 month project in a highly mobile population. PMID:15572643

Improvement of Tsukiji free fish market in Tokyo ("Kaizen" of work environment).

PubMed

Kishida, K; Ikegami, T; Maehara, N; Watanabe, A

1996-06-01

"TSUKIJI" is one of the biggest and most famous Free Fish Markets in the world, but there are many problems on the working condition because it was built about 60 years ago. Our investigation was held 1991 to 1993 to give some improvements regarding layout of buildings, working time, heat condition at refrigerator, working posture, and so on. We used a questionnaire on daily life and health care of workers, time study with measurement of heartbeats, and checklist (using Checklist for Improvement of Safety-Health and Working Conditions,' made by ILO). The main occupations in TSUKIJI were seller, buyer, delivery worker, and refrigerator maintenance worker. Their starting time was early in the morning, usually between 2:00 a.m. and 5:00 a.m., but the hardest one was delivery workers starting at 9:00 p.m. They used auto cargo car for carrying to shops from refrigerator or from auction places many times. Sellers had two different types of work. First, the seller set up the auction, numbering the fish (or cases of seafood), arranging them in order, and so on. The rest of the work was transaction of invoices, sometimes using VDU with almost sitting. These works did not look well balanced. Buyer of tuna cut if like lumber by electric saws did not have guard for protection and there were more than 200 machines. Overlooking the market by checklist, some problems were clarified, and suggestions for improvement include restructuring the whole layout of the market or reforming buildings, standardization of the cases, adjustment of health facilities, safety protection on tools and machines, management of working system, working posture, health care, and so on.

How Does a Sales Team Reach Goals in Intercultural Business Negotiations? A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vuorela, Taina

2005-01-01

This paper is a report of an on-going study of intercultural business negotiations. Two meetings were under scrutiny: a company-internal strategy meeting of a sales team ("the sellers' internal meeting"), which was analysed on a general level for goals and other background information; a client negotiation with the same sellers meeting a potential…

You're a What? Online Seller

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Torpey, Elka

2013-01-01

As online shopping has grown, so too has the number of people who make money selling products online. Online sellers can sell just about anything. Starting an online business can be as simple as having something to sell and access to the Internet. But there are a lot of factors to consider if one is going to have a business that thrives. One is to…

16 CFR 239.3 - “Satisfaction Guarantees” and similar representations in advertising; disclosure in advertising...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... representations. (a) A seller or manufacturer should use the terms “Satisfaction Guarantee,” “Money Back Guarantee,” “Free Trial Offer,” or similar representations in advertising only if the seller or manufacturer, as the... advertisement mentioning a money back guarantee that is conditioned upon return of the product in its original...

16 CFR 239.3 - “Satisfaction Guarantees” and similar representations in advertising; disclosure in advertising...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... representations. (a) A seller or manufacturer should use the terms “Satisfaction Guarantee,” “Money Back Guarantee,” “Free Trial Offer,” or similar representations in advertising only if the seller or manufacturer, as the... advertisement mentioning a money back guarantee that is conditioned upon return of the product in its original...

16 CFR 239.3 - “Satisfaction Guarantees” and similar representations in advertising; disclosure in advertising...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... representations. (a) A seller or manufacturer should use the terms “Satisfaction Guarantee,” “Money Back Guarantee,” “Free Trial Offer,” or similar representations in advertising only if the seller or manufacturer, as the... advertisement mentioning a money back guarantee that is conditioned upon return of the product in its original...

16 CFR 239.3 - “Satisfaction Guarantees” and similar representations in advertising; disclosure in advertising...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... representations. (a) A seller or manufacturer should use the terms “Satisfaction Guarantee,” “Money Back Guarantee,” “Free Trial Offer,” or similar representations in advertising only if the seller or manufacturer, as the... advertisement mentioning a money back guarantee that is conditioned upon return of the product in its original...

16 CFR 239.3 - “Satisfaction Guarantees” and similar representations in advertising; disclosure in advertising...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... representations. (a) A seller or manufacturer should use the terms “Satisfaction Guarantee,” “Money Back Guarantee,” “Free Trial Offer,” or similar representations in advertising only if the seller or manufacturer, as the... advertisement mentioning a money back guarantee that is conditioned upon return of the product in its original...

Mid-shot of Seller on EVA3 during STS-121 / Expedition 13 joint operations

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-07-12

S121-E-06583 (12 July 2006) --- Astronaut Piers J. Sellers, STS-121 mission specialist, participates in the mission's third and final session of extravehicular activity (EVA). The demonstration of orbiter heat shield repair techniques was the objective of the 7-hour, 11-minute excursion outside Space Shuttle Discovery and the International Space Station.

Emergence of Cooperative Long-Term Market Loyalty in Double Auction Markets.

PubMed

Alorić, Aleksandra; Sollich, Peter; McBurney, Peter; Galla, Tobias

2016-01-01

Loyal buyer-seller relationships can arise by design, e.g. when a seller tailors a product to a specific market niche to accomplish the best possible returns, and buyers respond to the dedicated efforts the seller makes to meet their needs. We ask whether it is possible, instead, for loyalty to arise spontaneously, and in particular as a consequence of repeated interaction and co-adaptation among the agents in a market. We devise a stylized model of double auction markets and adaptive traders that incorporates these features. Traders choose where to trade (which market) and how to trade (to buy or to sell) based on their previous experience. We find that when the typical scale of market returns (or, at fixed scale of returns, the intensity of choice) become higher than some threshold, the preferred state of the system is segregated: both buyers and sellers are segmented into subgroups that are persistently loyal to one market over another. We characterize the segregated state analytically in the limit of large markets: it is stabilized by some agents acting cooperatively to enable trade, and provides higher rewards than its unsegregated counterpart both for individual traders and the population as a whole.

Emergence of Cooperative Long-Term Market Loyalty in Double Auction Markets

PubMed Central

Alorić, Aleksandra; Sollich, Peter; McBurney, Peter; Galla, Tobias

2016-01-01

Loyal buyer-seller relationships can arise by design, e.g. when a seller tailors a product to a specific market niche to accomplish the best possible returns, and buyers respond to the dedicated efforts the seller makes to meet their needs. We ask whether it is possible, instead, for loyalty to arise spontaneously, and in particular as a consequence of repeated interaction and co-adaptation among the agents in a market. We devise a stylized model of double auction markets and adaptive traders that incorporates these features. Traders choose where to trade (which market) and how to trade (to buy or to sell) based on their previous experience. We find that when the typical scale of market returns (or, at fixed scale of returns, the intensity of choice) become higher than some threshold, the preferred state of the system is segregated: both buyers and sellers are segmented into subgroups that are persistently loyal to one market over another. We characterize the segregated state analytically in the limit of large markets: it is stabilized by some agents acting cooperatively to enable trade, and provides higher rewards than its unsegregated counterpart both for individual traders and the population as a whole. PMID:27120473

Blood lead levels in candy sellers working near an international road in Kocaeli, Turkey.

PubMed

Hamzaoglu, Onur; Caglayan, Cigdem; Yavuz, Cavit I; Sevin, Erce

2007-01-01

The authors' purpose in this study was to examine the effects on health, as measured by blood lead levels (BLLs), of living and working near the D-100 international road, which passes through Kocaeli, Turkey. In this cross-sectional study, the authors examine BLLs in 3 groups to determine the health effects of exposure to motorized road transport. By comparing the 3 groups, the investigators found that the mean BLL was 4.23 +/- 1.59 microg/dL in a group of candy sellers who worked beside the road, 4.18 +/- 2.07 microg/dL in a group of city residents, and 3.82 +/- 1.71 microg/dL in a group of village residents. (The latter 2 groups were not in close proximity to the road, and the authors used their measurements for comparison.) The difference in BLLs between the candy sellers and the village residents was statistically significant (p < .05). No significant difference in BLLs was determined between city and village residents or between candy sellers and city residents (p > .05). The authors recommend limiting the use of the D-100's city section to only local traffic and preventing heavy cargo vehicles from passing through.

Science, Space, and Shuttles: An Interview With Astronaut and AGU Member Piers Sellers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Mohi

2010-05-01

On 14 May, NASA is scheduled to launch what will likely be the final mission for space shuttle Atlantis. This mission will deliver cargo and science payloads—including the Russian-built Mini Research Module (MRM 1)—to the International Space Station (ISS). On board the shuttle will be Piers Sellers, an AGU member. Born in 1955 in Crowborough, United Kingdom, Sellers completed his doctorate in biometeorology at UK's Leeds University in 1981. He became an AGU Fellow in 1996 for research on how the Earth's biosphere and atmosphere interact; that same year, he was selected as an astronaut candidate. He has since logged more than 559 hours in space on two shuttle missions. In the course of those missions, he spent almost 41 hours on six space walks.

Anonymous, Yet Trustworthy Auctions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chanda, Prasit Bikash; Naessens, Vincent; de Decker, Bart

An auction is an inevitable market mechanism to setup prices of goods or services in a competitive and dynamic environment. Anonymity of bidders is required to conceal their business strategies from competitors. However, it is also essential to provide the seller guarantees that a bidder is trustworthy and competent enough to perform certain tasks (e.g transports). This paper proposes an auction protocol where bidders will participate anonymously, yet prove to be trustworthy and competent and can be held accountable towards auctioneers and sellers. Moreover, the protocol introduces promises, bonuses and compensations to ensure the best price for the sellers, extra profit for bidders and opportunities for newcomers in the business. It also handles ties, and copes with last minute bidding. Finally, the auction’s fair proceedings and outcome can be verified by everyone.

16 CFR 433.3 - Exemption of sellers taking or receiving open end consumer credit contracts before November 1...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... make loans, from time to time, directly from the creditor or indirectly by use of a credit card, check... open end consumer credit contracts before November 1, 1977 from requirements of § 433.2(a). 433.3... CONSUMERS' CLAIMS AND DEFENSES § 433.3 Exemption of sellers taking or receiving open end consumer credit...

No Jobs Like Homes: Careers in Helping Home Buyers and Sellers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Torpey, Elka

2013-01-01

Millions of people buy and sell homes each year. And because these transactions are often complex, many home buyers and sellers turn to workers who can help with the search or the sale--or both. From preparing to put a home on the market to filing the sales documents, many workers are involved in helping a home change hands. Other key industries…

Interagency Rebuilding Efforts in Iraq: A Case Study of the Rusafa Political District

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-02-26

Cart Seller 18-Aug-2010 $950.00 PRIVSEC NON-CON Cart Seller 18-Aug-2010 $500.00 PRIVSEC NON-CON Embroidery 18-Aug-2010 $22,900.00 PRIVSEC NON-CON...Kindergarten 18-Aug-2010 $11,300.00 PRIVSEC 50 NON-CON Embroidery & Sewing Factory 18-Aug-2010 $21,000.00 PRIVSEC NON-CON Book Shop 18-Aug-2010 $3,204.00

Constructing Preference from Experience: The Endowment Effect Reflected in External Information Search

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pachur, Thorsten; Scheibehenne, Benjamin

2012-01-01

People often attach a higher value to an object when they own it (i.e., as seller) compared with when they do not own it (i.e., as buyer)--a phenomenon known as the "endowment effect". According to recent cognitive process accounts of the endowment effect, the effect is due to differences between sellers and buyers in information search.…

A Decade of Advice for Women and Men in the Best-Selling Self-Help Literature.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zimmerman, Toni Schindler; Holm, Kristen E.; Haddock, Shelley A.

2001-01-01

Presents a content analysis of the top ten self-help books on the New York Times best-seller list over a ten year period to determine the degree to which the books empower individuals to resist gender-based socialization messages. The four best sellers contained advice for both genders to behave consistently with traditional gender socialization,…

Practitioner Perceptions of Patients Wearing Decorative Contact Lenses Purchased Through Unauthorized Sellers.

PubMed

Gaiser, Hilary; Ho, Connie; Janier, Nicole; Wee, Amy; Johnson, Catherine; Watanabe, Ronald

2017-03-01

To describe practitioner experiences regarding ocular complications in patients wearing decorative contact lenses, and to investigate the compliance of unauthorized distributors of decorative contact lenses to current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Federal Trade Commission (FTC) regulations. Also, to provide data to support a more targeted public health approach to reducing the incidence of illegal contact lens sales and associated ocular complications. An institutional review board-approved online survey was distributed through mass email to a list of 98 optometrists in the Boston, MA area. Concurrently, an empirical evaluation of independent, online decorative contact lens sellers who were not associated with FDA-approved contact lens manufacturers was performed to determine their adherence to FDA and FTC guidelines. The first 18 noncoincidental websites that resulted from a Google search for "costume contact lens sellers" and "cosmetic contact lens sellers" were examined as to the brands and parameters of lenses being sold, whether or not a valid prescription was required or verified, and if consumer education was provided. Twenty-two optometrists completed the online survey. Seventy-seven percent of respondents reported having patients with complications from decorative contact lenses that were purchased both legally and illegally. The most common age group for complications was 18 to 25 years (61%). One third of complications were seen in first-time lens wearers, half of whom never received proper care instructions or were unaware that care instructions existed. One quarter of the lenses were purchased illegally with unlicensed stores being the most common place of purchase. Of the 18 online sites examined, 72% of sellers failed to adhere to FTC and FDA regulations. A significant number of individuals who obtain contact lenses illegally from unauthorized sources are young adults. Most unauthorized sellers reviewed did not adhere to the proper protocol for selling contact lenses or instruct their customers on proper lens wear and care. A significant percentage of optometrists responding to the survey reported complications associated with contact lenses purchased through unauthorized sources, suggesting that the risk of contact lens-related complications increases when the lenses are purchased from one of these sources.

STS-132 crew during their MSS/SIMP EVA3 OPS 4 training

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-01-28

JSC2010-E-014953 (28 Jan. 2010) --- NASA astronauts Piers Sellers, STS-132 mission specialist; and Tracy Caldwell Dyson, Expedition 23/24 flight engineer, use the virtual reality lab in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center to train for some of their duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare crew members for dealing with space station elements.

STS-132 crew during their MSS/SIMP EVA3 OPS 4 training

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-01-28

JSC2010-E-014949 (28 Jan. 2010) --- NASA astronauts Piers Sellers, STS-132 mission specialist; and Tracy Caldwell Dyson, Expedition 23/24 flight engineer, use the virtual reality lab in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center to train for some of their duties aboard the space shuttle and space station. This type of computer interface, paired with virtual reality training hardware and software, helps to prepare crew members for dealing with space station elements.

[Present Status of Displaying Pharmaceutical Products for Sale on Flea Market Applications for Smartphones and the Responses to Illicit Selling by Service Providers].

PubMed

Kishimoto, Keiko; Takeuchi, Tomoe; Fukushima, Noriko

2017-12-01

 In Japan, a pharmacy or drug store license is required for selling pharmaceutical products. However, civilians without a pharmacy or drug store license are displaying pharmaceutical products for sale on a flea market application, which is illegal dealing. This study discussed the modality for implementing countermeasures for the illicit selling of pharmaceutical products. We extracted pharmaceutical products displayed for sale on three flea market applications (Mercari, Rakuma, Fril) on one day. One hundred and eighty-one pharmaceutical products were displayed (49 on Mercari, 86 on Rakuma, and 46 on Fril). There were 6.1% (11/181) domestically prescribed drugs, 69.1% (125/181) domestic OTC drugs, 23.8% (43/181) foreign-made prescribed drugs, and 1.1% (2/181) foreign-made OTC drugs. The seller could display the product for sale without confirming whether it is prohibited. We alerted the service providers of this illicit selling at flea markets at three different instances. The pharmaceutical product displays were deleted by the service providers at a rate of 55.1% (27/49) for Mercari and 51.2% (44/86) for Rakuma. The average number of drugs that were displayed for sale by each seller was 1.4 and the average number of total products that were displayed for sale by each seller was 100. The seller could have unintentionally displayed the pharmaceutical products for sale, without the knowledge that it is illegal. The service providers of flea market applications should create mechanisms to alert the sellers that displaying pharmaceutical products for sale is an illicit act and regulate these violations.

Offline constraints in online drug marketplaces: An exploratory analysis of a cryptomarket trade network.

PubMed

Norbutas, Lukas

2018-06-01

Cryptomarkets, or illegal anonymizing online platforms that facilitate drug trade, have been analyzed in a rapidly growing body of research. Previous research has found that, despite increased risks, cryptomarket sellers are often willing to ship illegal drugs internationally. There is little to no information, however, about the extent to which uncertainty and risk related to geographic constraints shapes buyers' behavior and, in turn, the structure of the global online drug trade network. In this paper, we analyze the structure of a complete cryptomarket trade network with a focus on the role of geographic clustering of buyers and sellers. We use publicly available crawls of the cryptomarket Abraxas, encompassing market transactions between 463 sellers and 3542 buyers of drugs in 2015. We use descriptive social network analysis and Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGM) to analyze the structure of the trade network. The structure of the online drug trade network is primarily shaped by geographical boundaries. Buyers are more likely to buy from multiple sellers within a single country, and avoid buying from sellers in different countries, which leads to strong geographic clustering. The effect is especially strong between continents and weaker for countries within Europe. A small fraction of buyers (10%) account for more than a half of all drug purchases, while most buyers only buy once. Online drug trade networks might still be heavily shaped by offline (geographic) constraints, despite their ability to provide access for end-users to large international supply. Cryptomarkets might be more "localized" and less international than thought before. We discuss potential explanations for such geographical clustering and implications of the findings. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

"Living cadavers" in Bangladesh: bioviolence in the human organ bazaar.

PubMed

Moniruzzaman, Monir

2012-03-01

The technology-driven demand for the extraction of human organs--mainly kidneys, but also liver lobes and single corneas--has created an illegal market in body parts. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, in this article I examine the body bazaar in Bangladesh: in particular, the process of selling organs and the experiences of 33 kidney sellers who are victims of this trade. The sellers' narratives reveal how wealthy buyers (both recipients and brokers) tricked Bangladeshi poor into selling their kidneys; in the end, these sellers were brutally deceived and their suffering was extreme. I therefore argue that the current practice of organ commodification is both exploitative and unethical, as organs are removed from the bodies of the poor by inflicting a novel form of bioviolence against them. This bioviolence is deliberately silenced by vested interest groups for their personal gain.

76 FR 76815 - Business Opportunity Rule

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-08

...The Commission is adopting final amendments to its Trade Regulation Rule entitled ``Disclosure Requirements and Prohibitions Concerning Business Opportunities'' (``Business Opportunity Rule'' or ``Rule''). Among other things, the Business Opportunity Rule has been amended to broaden its scope to cover business opportunity sellers not covered by the interim Business Opportunity Rule, such as sellers of work-at-home opportunities, and to streamline and simplify the disclosures that sellers must provide to prospective purchasers. The final Rule is based upon the comments received in response to an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (``ANPR''), an Initial Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (``INPR''), a Revised Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (``RNPR''), a public workshop, a Staff Report, and other information discussed herein. This document also contains the text of the final Rule and the Rule's Statement of Basis and Purpose (``SBP''), including a Regulatory Analysis.

Three Years After: Next Steps in the War on Terror

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-01-01

to a change in the objectives of terrorism—in particular, the growth in terrorism with religious and millennial motivations. He and colleagues from...We must convince buyers and sellers that nuclear forensics can reveal the source of nuclear materials and that transferring nuclear weapons and...position in the international system. They will not take buyers or sellers closer to their ultimate policy objectives. There are also market forces

Bidding Behavior in a Multi-attribute First-price Auction

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

of applying key features of the multi-unit auction to proxy buyer /seller marginal valuations of the attributes of a job. Two experiments were...compensation package show promise in ascertaining buyer /seller marginal valuations of a job. This research effort was supported by a grant from the...auctions observed in the goods market, as measured by maximizing consumer and producer surplus, are likely to have promising applications to labor markets

Effective Coordination of Multiple Intelligent Agents for Command and Control

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-09-01

System Architecture As an initial problem domain in E - commerce , we chose collective book purchasing. In the university setting, relatively large numbers... a coalition server, an auctioneer agent, a set of supplier agents, and a web- based interface 9 for end users. The system is based on a simple...buyers are able to request and sellers to respond to a list of items, within a particular category. Sellers present

Socio-Economic Characteristics of Prospective Nonindustrial Private Timber Sellers in East Texas

Treesearch

Clifford A. Hickman

1984-01-01

Data provided by 317 nonindustrial private forest owners suggest that in the East Texas region, future timber sellers will tend to exhibit the following characteristics: (1) their forest holdings will be 100 or more acres in size; (2) they will have owned forest land for 10 or more years; (3) they will live in towns or cities, not on their forest properties; (4) they...

Sellers translates along the S1 Truss during EVA3 on STS-121 / Expedition 13 joint operations

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-07-12

S121-E-07413 (12 July 2006) --- Astronaut Piers J. Sellers, STS-121 mission specialist, translates along a truss on the International Space Station during the mission's third and final session of extravehicular activity (EVA) while Space Shuttle Discovery was docked with the station. A blue and white Earth and the blackness of space form the backdrop for the image.

Incorporation of Indigenous Forces in Major Theater War: Advantages, Risks and Considerations

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-05-03

USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT INCORPORATION OF INDIGENOUS FORCES IN MAJOR THEATER WAR: ADVANTAGES , RISKS AND CONSIDERATIONS by Ms. Priscilla... Advantages , Risks and Considerations 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) Priscilla Sellers 5d. PROJECT NUMBER...Std Z39-18 ii iii ABSTRACT AUTHOR: Priscilla Sellers TITLE: Incorporation of Indigenous Forces in Major Theater War: Advantages , Risks and

Does it take two to tango? Longitudinal effects of unilateral and bilateral integrative negotiation training.

PubMed

Zerres, Alfred; Hüffmeier, Joachim; Freund, Philipp Alexander; Backhaus, Klaus; Hertel, Guido

2013-05-01

This study assesses longitudinal effects of different training designs on joint negotiation performance. In so doing, the study experimentally compares (a) bilateral training of both the seller and the buyer within a dyad with both (b) a no-training control condition and 2 conditions with unilateral training of either (c) the buyer or (d) the seller. Moreover, underlying psychological mechanisms of the training effect are assessed. Results of the study with 360 participants reveal a significant overall training effect on negotiation outcomes that remains stable over time. Consistent with our hypotheses, unilateral negotiation training is only effective if the trained party is the seller, and it fails if the trained party is the buyer. Additional mediation analyses reveal exchange of priority-related information as a causal mechanism underlying these effects. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved.

A Cross-Cultural Multi-agent Model of Opportunism in Trade

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hofstede, Gert Jan; Jonker, Catholijn M.; Verwaart, Tim

According to transaction cost economics, contracts are always incomplete and offer opportunities to defect. Some level of trust is a sine qua non for trade. If the seller is better informed about product quality than the buyer, the buyer has to rely on information the seller provides or has to check the information by testing the product or tracing the supply chain processes, thus incurring extra transaction cost. An opportunistic seller who assumes the buyer to trust, may deliver a lower quality product than agreed upon. In human decisions to deceive and to show trust or distrust, issues like mutual expectations, shame, self-esteem, personality, and reputation are involved. These factors depend in part on traders' cultural background. This paper proposes an agent model of deceit and trust and describes a multi-agent simulation where trading agents are differentiated according to Hofstede's dimensions of national culture. Simulations of USA and Dutch trading situations are compared.

No Need for Conspiracy: Self-Organized Cartel Formation in a Modified Trust Game

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peixoto, Tiago P.; Bornholdt, Stefan

2012-05-01

We investigate the dynamics of a trust game on a mixed population, where individuals with the role of buyers are forced to play against a predetermined number of sellers whom they choose dynamically. Agents with the role of sellers are also allowed to adapt the level of value for money of their products, based on payoff. The dynamics undergoes a transition at a specific value of the strategy update rate, above which an emergent cartel organization is observed, where sellers have similar values of below-optimal value for money. This cartel organization is not due to an explicit collusion among agents; instead, it arises spontaneously from the maximization of the individual payoffs. This dynamics is marked by large fluctuations and a high degree of unpredictability for most of the parameter space and serves as a plausible qualitative explanation for observed elevated levels and fluctuations of certain commodity prices.

Applications of Classifying Bidding Strategies for the CAT Tournament

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gruman, Mark L.; Narayana, Manjunath

In the CAT Tournament, specialists facilitate transactions between buyers and sellers with the intention of maximizing profit from commission and other fees. Each specialist must find a well-balanced strategy that allows it to entice buyers and sellers to trade in its market while also retaining the buyers and sellers that are currently subscribed to it. Classification techniques can be used to determine the distribution of bidding strategies used by all traders subscribed to a particular specialist. Our experiments showed that Hidden Markov Model classification yielded the best results. The distribution of strategies, along with other competition-related factors, can be used to determine the optimal action in any given game state. Experimental data shows that the GD and ZIP bidding strategies are more volatile than the RE and ZIC strategies. An MDP framework for determining optimal actions given an accurate distribution of bidding strategies is proposed as a motivator for future work.

Sexual economics: sex as female resource for social exchange in heterosexual interactions.

PubMed

Baumeister, Roy F; Vohs, Kathleen D

2004-01-01

A heterosexual community can be analyzed as a marketplace in which men seek to acquire sex from women by offering other resources in exchange. Societies will therefore define gender roles as if women are sellers and men buyers of sex. Societies will endow female sexuality, but not male sexuality, with value (as in virginity, fidelity, chastity). The sexual activities of different couples are loosely interrelated by a marketplace, instead of being fully separate or private, and each couple's decisions may be influenced by market conditions. Economic principles suggest that the price of sex will depend on supply and demand, competition among sellers, variations in product, collusion among sellers, and other factors. Research findings show gender asymmetries (reflecting the complementary economic roles) in prostitution, courtship, infidelity and divorce, female competition, the sexual revolution and changing norms, unequal status between partners, cultural suppression of female sexuality, abusive relationships, rape, and sexual attitudes.

Boom and bust in continuous time evolving economic model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mitchell, L.; Ackland, G. J.

2009-08-01

We show that a simple model of a spatially resolved evolving economic system, which has a steady state under simultaneous updating, shows stable oscillations in price when updated asynchronously. The oscillations arise from a gradual decline of the mean price due to competition among sellers competing for the same resource. This lowers profitability and hence population but is followed by a sharp rise as speculative sellers invade the large un-inhabited areas. This cycle then begins again.

Sellers and Fossum on the end of the OBSS during EVA1 on STS-121 / Expedition 13 joint operations

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-07-08

STS121-323-011 (8 July 2006) --- Astronauts Piers J. Sellers and Michael E. Fossum, STS-121 mission specialists, work in tandem on Space Shuttle Discovery's Remote Manipulator System/Orbiter Boom Sensor System (RMS/OBSS) during the mission's first scheduled session of extravehicular activity (EVA). Also visible on the OBSS are the Laser Dynamic Range Imager (LDRI), Intensified Television Camera (ITVC) and Laser Camera System (LCS).

Tobacco Metabolites and Caffeine in Human Milk Purchased via the Internet

PubMed Central

McNamara, Kelly; Kwiek, Jesse J.; Rogers, Lynette; Klebanoff, Mark A.; Augustine, Molly; Keim, Sarah A.

2015-01-01

Abstract Background: Chemicals inhaled or ingested by mothers can be present in their milk. Our objective was to determine levels of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine in human milk purchased via the Internet. Materials and Methods: We purchased human milk (n=102) via the Internet and abstracted seller advertisements for information volunteered about tobacco and caffeine use. Nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine levels in the milk were quantified by mass spectrometry according to published protocols. Results: No sellers indicated smoking in their advertisement. Many of the milk samples (58%) had detectable nicotine or cotinine; four (4%) of the samples had nicotine or cotinine levels high enough to indicate active smoking. Twelve (12%) sellers said in their advertisements that they specifically limit (4%) or avoid (8%) caffeine entirely. Five (5%) of the samples had caffeine levels consistent with consuming at least 1 cup of coffee 2 hours prior to milk expression. Detectable amounts of caffeine were found in almost all of the samples (97%). Conclusions: In 102 milk samples, we detected evidence of active smoking, secondhand smoke exposure, and almost ubiquitous caffeine consumption. Buyers of human milk on the Internet should be aware that advertisements do not always include accurate information as to what substances may be present. Sellers may misrepresent their health behaviors or be unaware of lifestyle factors that can lead to exposure to nicotine and caffeine. PMID:26394021

Photographic coverage of STS-112 during EVA 3 in VR Lab.

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-08-21

JSC2002-E-34618 (21 August 2002) --- Astronaut Piers J. Sellers, STS-112 mission specialist, uses virtual reality hardware in the Space Vehicle Mockup Facility at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) to rehearse some of his duties on the upcoming mission to the International Space Station (ISS). This type of virtual reality training allows the astronauts to wear a helmet and special gloves while looking at computer displays simulating actual movements around the various locations on the International Space Station (ISS) hardware with which they will be working.

What is a free customer worth? Armchair calculations of nonpaying customers' value can lead to flawed strategies.

PubMed

Gupta, Sunil; Mela, Carl F

2008-11-01

Free customers who are subsidized by paying customers are essential to a vast array of businesses, such as media companies, employment services, and even IT providers. But because they generate revenue only indirectly, figuring out the true value of those customers--and how much attention to devote them--has always been a challenge. Traditional customer-valuation models don't help; they focus exclusively on paying customers and largely ignore network effects, or how customers help draw other customers to a business. Now a new model, devised by professors Gupta, of Harvard Business School, and Mela, of Fuqua School of Business, takes into account not only direct network effects (where buyers attract more buyers or sellers more sellers) but also indirect network effects (where buyers attract more sellers or vice versa) . The model calculates the precise long-term impact of each additional free customer on a company's profits, factoring in the degree to which he or she brings in other customers--whether free or paying--and the ripple effect of those customers. The model helped an online auction house make several critical decisions. The business made its money on fees charged to sellers but recognized that its free customers--its buyers--were valuable, too. As competition heated up, the company worried that it wasn't wooing enough buyers. Using the model, the business discovered that the network effects of buyers were indeed large and that those customers were worth over $1,000 each--much more than had been assumed. Armed with that information, the firm increased its research on buyers, invested more in targeting them with ads, and improved their experience. The model also helped the company identify the effects of various pricing strategies on sellers, showing that they became less price-sensitive over time. As a result, the company raised the fees it charged them as well.

RAC Quarterly. Volume 3, Issue 2. Spring 1993

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-01-01

land is taken for a highway or some other public purpose. Freedom of Speech and the Press. Among the fundamental rights of Americans are those of free...whole or in part, by actions over which said seller or the Bill of Rights. Freedom of speech and freedom of manufacturer had no control. the press are...the price were lower. on employers’ freedom of speech is Justified on the The seller might wish the price were higher. grounds that they have the

Buying drugs on a Darknet market: A better deal? Studying the online illicit drug market through the analysis of digital, physical and chemical data.

PubMed

Rhumorbarbe, Damien; Staehli, Ludovic; Broséus, Julian; Rossy, Quentin; Esseiva, Pierre

2016-10-01

Darknet markets, also known as cryptomarkets, are websites located on the Darknet and designed to allow the trafficking of illicit products, mainly drugs. This study aims at presenting the added value of combining digital, chemical and physical information to reconstruct sellers' activities. In particular, this research focuses on Evolution, one of the most popular cryptomarkets active from January 2014 to March 2015. Evolution source code files were analysed using Python scripts based on regular expressions to extract information about listings (i.e., sales proposals) and sellers. The results revealed more than 48,000 listings and around 2700 vendors claiming to send illicit drug products from 70 countries. The most frequent categories of illicit drugs offered by vendors were cannabis-related products (around 25%) followed by ecstasy (MDA, MDMA) and stimulants (cocaine, speed). The cryptomarket was then especially studied from a Swiss point of view. Illicit drugs were purchased from three sellers located in Switzerland. The purchases were carried out to confront digital information (e.g., the type of drug, the purity, the shipping country and the concealment methods mentioned on listings) with the physical analysis of the shipment packaging and the chemical analysis of the received product (purity, cutting agents, chemical profile based on minor and major alkaloids, chemical class). The results show that digital information, such as concealment methods and shipping country, seems accurate. But the illicit drugs purity is found to be different from the information indicated on their respective listings. Moreover, chemical profiling highlighted links between cocaine sold online and specimens seized in Western Switzerland. This study highlights that (1) the forensic analysis of the received products allows the evaluation of the accuracy of digital data collected on the website, and (2) the information from digital and physical/chemical traces are complementary to evaluate the practices of the online selling of illicit drugs on cryptomarkets. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Characteristics of Hidden Status Among Users of Crack, Powder Cocaine, and Heroin in Central Harlem

PubMed Central

Davis, W. Rees; Johnson, Bruce D.; Liberty, Hilary James; Randolph, Doris D.

2007-01-01

This article analyzes hidden status among crack, powder cocaine, and heroin users and setters, in contrast to more accessible users/sellers. Several sampling strategies acquired 657 users (N=559) and sellers (N=98). Indicators of hidden status were those who (1) paid rent in full in the last 30 days, (2) used nonstreet drug procurement. (3) had legal jobs, and (4) earned $1,000 or more in legal income in the last 30 days. Nearly half had at least one indicator: approximately 16% of users/sellers had two to four indicators. In logistic regression analyses, those who had not panhandled in the last 30 days, those who had used powder cocaine in the last 30 days, and those never arrested were the most likely to have hidden status, whether the analysis predicted those having any indicators or those having two to four indicators. The four indicators begin to operationally define hidden status among users of cocaine and heroin. PMID:17710217

Commodity durability, trader specialization, and market performance

PubMed Central

Dickhaut, John; Lin, Shengle; Porter, David; Smith, Vernon

2012-01-01

The original double auction studies of supply and demand markets established their strong efficiency and equilibrium convergence behavior using economically unsophisticated and untrained subjects. The results were unexpected because all individual costs and values were private and dependent entirely on the market trading process to aggregate the dispersed information into socially desirable outcomes. The exchange environment, however, corresponded to that of perishable, and not re-traded goods in which participants were specialized as buyers or sellers. We report experiments in repeated single-period markets where tradability, and buyer-seller role specialization, is varied by imposing or relaxing a restriction on re-trade within each period. In re-trade markets scope is given to speculative motives unavailable where goods perish on purchase. We observe greatly increased trade volume and decreased efficiency but subject experience increases efficiency. Observed speculation slows convergence by impeding the process whereby individuals learn from the market whether their private circumstances lead them to specialize as buyers or sellers. PMID:22307595

Will Commodity Properties Affect Seller's Creditworthy: Evidence in C2C E-commerce Market in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peng, Hui; Ling, Min

This paper finds out that the credit rating level shows significant difference among different sub-commodity markets in E-commerce, which provides room for sellers to get higher credit rating by entering businesses with higher average credit level before fraud. In order to study the influence of commodity properties on credit rating, this paper analyzes how commodity properties affect average crediting rating through the degree of information asymmetry, returns and costs of fraud, credibility perception and fraud tolerance. Empirical study shows that Delivery, average trading volume, average price and complaint possibility have decisive impacts on credit performance; brand market share, the degree of standardization and the degree of imitation also have a relatively less significant effect on credit rating. Finally, this paper suggests that important commodity properties should be introduced to modify reputation system, for preventing credit rating arbitrage behavior where sellers move into low-rating commodity after being assigned high credit rating.

A typology of drug selling among young adults in the United States.

PubMed

Vaughn, Michael G; Salas-Wright, Christopher P; DeLisi, Matt; Shook, Jeffrey J; Terzis, Lauren

2015-02-01

Although studies have found that young adults who sell drugs are more likely to be involved in risky behaviors than those who do not sell drugs, there has been relatively little research that has explored heterogeneity among young adults who sell drugs. Using a pooled sample of 18 to 25 year olds from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2006-2010) who report past-year drug selling (N = 5,373), this study employs latent profile analysis to specify latent groups and assess the correlates of group membership. Findings indicate substantial differences among young adults who sell drugs. In particular, the analysis found four groups of drug sellers: normative (49.6%), club drug users (23.6%), polysubstance users (16.0%), and criminal offenders (10.8%). Club drug users were characterized by high levels of ecstasy and hallucinogen use, polysubstance users were more likely to be depressed and anxious, White and female than the other groups. Criminal offenders were overwhelmingly male and more likely to be comprised of African-Americans and Hispanics. RESULTS indicate that drug selling in early adulthood varies substantially. Contrary to media and popular notions most drug sellers are not involved in crime and polysubstance using drug sellers are in clear need of mental health services. Further, most drug sellers in this age range are White. Findings suggest that policy efforts that operate under the assumption of homogeneity of drug selling may be misguided.

Background Checks for all Gun Buyers and Gun Violence Restraining Orders: State Efforts to Keep Guns from High-Risk Persons.

PubMed

Vernick, Jon S; Alcorn, Ted; Horwitz, Joshua

2017-03-01

There were more than 36,000 firearm-related deaths in the U.S. in 2015. Under federal law, a background check is required only for gun purchases from licensed dealers. Research suggests that some persons prohibited from owning a gun turn to private sellers, including those identified online, to attempt to obtain a firearm. State-level approaches to make it more difficult for high-risk persons to purchase or possess firearms include universal background check (UBC) and gun violence restraining order (GVRO) laws. UBC laws, on the books in 18 states as of the end of 2016, can reduce both homicide and suicide rates. After Colorado adopted a UBC law in 2013, the number of background checks conducted by private sellers for sales occurring at places other than gun shows steadily increased. GVRO laws give law enforcement and families the authority to petition a court to temporarily remove firearms from an individual who presents a danger to himself or others during times of crisis, regardless of whether that person has been diagnosed with a mental illness. California enacted a GVRO law in 2014. Data are emerging to suggest the effectiveness of GVRO-type laws at averting suicides and providing an entryway to services.

Magnetic Polarons in Anisotropic Quantum Dots

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oszwaldowski, Rafal; Petukhov, Andre; Zutic, Igor

2010-03-01

Tunability of confinement in magnetically-doped quantum dots (QDs) allows to tailor magnetism to an extent not available in bulk semiconductors. Versatile control of magnetic ordering, along with piezomagnetism, has been predicted even at a fixed number of carriers [1]. Recent experiments on colloidal QDs revealed strongly bound magnetic polarons (MPs) [2]. Previous studies of MPs in bulk semiconductors showed that the mean-field theory predicts a spurious magnetic phase transition, which is removed by taking into account spin fluctuations [3]. Here we present our theoretical results for MPs forming in QDs with pronounced magnetic anisotropy, which influences the spin fluctuations. We apply our findings to explain some peculiarities of the magnetic behavior of type-II ZnSe/(Zn,Mn)Te QDs, where magnetic polarons are found to persist to at least 200K [4]. Supported by ONR, AFOSR, and NSF-ECCS CAREER. [4pt] [1] R. M. Abolfath, A. G. Petukhov, and I. Zutic, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 207202 (2008); I. Zutic and A. G. Petukhov, Nature Mater.4, 623 (2009). [0pt] [2] R. Beaulac et al., Science 325, 973 (2009). [0pt] [3] T. Dietl and J. Spalek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 355 (1982). [0pt] [4] I. R. Sellers, R. Oszwaldowski, et al., preprint; I. R. Sellers et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 136405 (2008).

On Hardness of Pricing Items for Single-Minded Bidders

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khandekar, Rohit; Kimbrel, Tracy; Makarychev, Konstantin; Sviridenko, Maxim

We consider the following item pricing problem which has received much attention recently. A seller has an infinite numbers of copies of n items. There are m buyers, each with a budget and an intention to buy a fixed subset of items. Given prices on the items, each buyer buys his subset of items, at the given prices, provided the total price of the subset is at most his budget. The objective of the seller is to determine the prices such that her total profit is maximized.

Treating the merger as a taxable versus tax-free combination.

PubMed

Finkler, S A; Karlinsky, S S

1985-04-01

A key issue in any business combination is whether the transaction is to be a taxable acquisition or a tax-free reorganization. Neither structure's benefits clearly dominate. Taxable acquisitions result in greater inventory cost and depreciation tax benefits to the buyer and more tax to the seller. Tax-free reorganizations allow the seller to avoid current payment of at least some taxes but result in less favorable tax benefits to the buyer. Each merger must therefore be tailored to fit the specific needs and wishes of the parties involved.

NASA STS-132 Air and Space Museum

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-07-26

STS-132 astronaut Piers Sellers, left, and Dr. John Mather are seen with a replica of Mather's Nobel Prize, Tuesday, July 27, 2010, at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington. Sellers returned the replica that is in the museum's collection and was flown aboard STS-132 Atlantis. The prize was won by Mather and University of California, Berkeley researcher George Smoot in 2006 for their work using the Cosmic Background Explorer Satellite to understand the big-bang theory of the universe. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

Sellers' Revisited: A Big Data Reassessment of Historical Outbreaks of Bluetongue and African Horse Sickness due to the Long-Distance Wind Dispersion of Culicoides Midges.

PubMed

Durr, Peter A; Graham, Kerryne; van Klinken, Rieks D

2017-01-01

The possibility that outbreaks of bluetongue (BT) and African horse sickness (AHS) might occur via long-distance wind dispersion (LDWD) of their insect vector ( Culicoides spp.) was proposed by R. F. Sellers in a series of papers published between 1977 and 1991. These investigated the role of LDWD by means of visual examination of the wind direction of synoptic weather charts. Based on the hypothesis that simple wind direction analysis, which does not allow for wind speed, might have led to spurious conclusions, we reanalyzed six of the outbreak scenarios described in Sellers' papers. For this reanalysis, we used a custom-built Big Data application (" TAPPAS ") which couples a user-friendly web-interface with an established atmospheric dispersal model (" HYSPLIT "), thus enabling more sophisticated modeling than was possible when Sellers undertook his analyzes. For the two AHS outbreaks, there was strong support from our reanalysis of the role of LDWD for that in Spain (1966), and to a lesser degree, for the outbreak in Cyprus (1960). However, for the BT outbreaks, the reassessments were more complex, and for one of these (western Turkey, 1977) we could discount LDWD as the means of direct introduction of the virus. By contrast, while the outbreak in Cyprus (1977) showed LDWD was a possible means of introduction, there is an apparent inconsistency in that the outbreaks were localized while the dispersion events covered much of the island. For Portugal (1956), LDWD from Morocco on the dates suggested by Sellers is very unlikely to have been the pathway for introduction, and for the detection of serotype 2 in Florida (1982), LDWD from Cuba would require an assumption of a lengthy survival time of the midges in the air column. Except for western Turkey, the BT reanalyses show the limitation of LDWD modeling when used by itself, and indicates the need to integrate susceptible host population distribution (and other covariate) data into the modeling process. A further refinement, which will become increasingly important to assess LDWD, will be the use of virus and vector genome sequence data collected from potential source and the incursion sites.

Testing neoclassical competitive market theory in the field.

PubMed

List, John A

2002-11-26

This study presents results from a pilot field experiment that tests predictions of competitive market theory. A major advantage of this particular field experimental design is that my laboratory is the marketplace: subjects are engaged in buying, selling, and trading activities whether I run an exchange experiment or am a passive observer. In this sense, I am gathering data in a natural environment while still maintaining the necessary control to execute a clean comparison between treatments. The main results of the study fall into two categories. First, the competitive model predicts reasonably well in some market treatments: the expected price and quantity levels are approximated in many market rounds. Second, the data suggest that market composition is important: buyer and seller experience levels impact not only the distribution of rents but also the overall level of rents captured. An unexpected result in this regard is that average market efficiency is lowest in markets that match experienced buyers and experienced sellers and highest when experienced buyers engage in bargaining with inexperienced sellers. Together, these results suggest that both market experience and market composition play an important role in the equilibrium discovery process.

Medical Abortion Provision by Pharmacies and Drug Sellers in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.

PubMed

Footman, Katharine; Keenan, Katherine; Reiss, Kate; Reichwein, Barbara; Biswas, Pritha; Church, Kathryn

2018-03-01

We undertook a systematic review to assess 1) the level and quality of pharmacy and drug shop provision of medical abortion (MA) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and 2) interventions to improve quality of provision. We used standardized terms to search six databases for peer-reviewed and grey literature. We double-extracted data using a standardized template, and double-graded studies for methodological quality. We identified 22 studies from 16 countries reporting on level and quality of MA provision through pharmacies and drug sellers, and three intervention studies. Despite widespread awareness and provision of MA drugs, even in legally restricted contexts, most studies found that pharmacy workers and drug sellers had poor knowledge of effective regimens. Evidence on interventions to improve pharmacy and drug shop provision of MA was limited and generally low quality, but indicated that training could be effective in improving knowledge. Programmatic attention should focus on the development and rigorous evaluation of innovative interventions to improve women's access to information about MA self-management in low-and middle-income countries. © 2018 The Population Council, Inc.

Correct fair market value calculation needed to avoid regulatory challenges.

PubMed

Dietrich, M O

1997-09-01

In valuing a physician practice for acquisition, it is important for buyers and sellers to distinguish between fair market value and strategic value. Although many buyers would willingly pay for the strategic value of a practice, tax-exempt buyers are required by law to consider only the fair market value in setting a bid price. Valuators must adjust group earnings to exclude items that do not apply to any willing seller and include items that do apply to any willing seller to arrive at the fair market value of the practice. In addition, the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), which becomes the discount rate in the valuation model, is critical to the measure of value of the practice. Small medical practices are assumed to have few hard assets and little long-term debt, and the WACC is calculated on the basis of those assumptions. When a small practice has considerable debt, however, this calculated WACC may be inappropriate for valuing the practice. In every case, evidence that shows that a transaction has been negotiated "at arm's length" should stave off any regulatory challenge.

NASA STS-132 Air and Space Museum

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-07-26

STS-132 astronaut Piers Sellers, at podium, acknowleges museum director Ret. Gen. John R. "Jack" Dailey, seated left, and NASA astrophycisist Dr. John Mather, center, during a presentation, Tuesday, July 27, 2010, at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington. Sellers returned a replica of the Nobel Prize that is in the museum's collection and was flown aboard STS-132 Atlantis. The prize was won by Mather and University of California, Berkeley researcher George Smoot in 2006 for their work using the Cosmic Background Explorer Satellite to understand the big-bang theory of the universe.Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

NASA STS-132 Air and Space Museum

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-07-26

NASA Astrophycist Dr. John Mather, at podium, speaks Tuesday, July 27, 2010, at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington as museum director Gen. John R. "Jack" Dailey, U.S. Marine Corps ret. and STS-132 astronaut Piers Sellers look on. Sellers returned a replica of the Nobel Prize that is in the museum's collection and was flown aboard STS-132 Atlantis. The prize was won by Mather and University of California, Berkeley researcher George Smoot in 2006 for their work using the Cosmic Background Explorer Satellite to understand the big-bang theory of the universe.Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

Evaluating Food Safety Knowledge and Practices of Food Processors and Sellers Working in Food Facilities in Hanoi, Vietnam.

PubMed

Tran, Bach Xuan; DO, Hoa Thi; Nguyen, Luong Thanh; Boggiano, Victoria; LE, Huong Thi; LE, Xuan Thanh Thi; Trinh, Ngoc Bao; DO, Khanh Nam; Nguyen, Cuong Tat; Nguyen, Thanh Trung; Dang, Anh Kim; Mai, Hue Thi; Nguyen, Long Hoang; Than, Selena; Latkin, Carl A

2018-04-01

Consumption of fast food and street food is increasingly common among Vietnamese, particularly in large cities. The high daily demand for these convenient food services, together with a poor management system, has raised concerns about food hygiene and safety (FHS). This study aimed to examine the FHS knowledge and practices of food processors and sellers in food facilities in Hanoi, Vietnam, and to identify their associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,760 food processors and sellers in restaurants, fast food stores, food stalls, and street vendors in Hanoi in 2015. We assessed each participant's FHS knowledge using a self-report questionnaire and their FHS practices using a checklist. Tobit regression was used to determine potential factors associated with FHS knowledge and practices, including demographics, training experience, and frequency of health examination. Overall, we observed a lack of FHS knowledge among respondents across three domains, including standard requirements for food facilities (18%), food processing procedures (29%), and food poisoning prevention (11%). Only 25.9 and 38.1% of participants used caps and masks, respectively, and 12.8% of food processors reported direct hand contact with food. After adjusting for socioeconomic characteristics, these factors significantly predicted increased FHS knowledge and practice scores: (i) working at restaurants and food stalls, (ii) having FHS training, (iii) having had a physical examination, and (iv) having taken a stool test within the last year. These findings highlight the need of continuous training to improve FHS knowledge and practices among food processors and food sellers. Moreover, regular monitoring of food facilities, combined with medical examination of their staff, should be performed to ensure food safety.

STS-112 M.S. Sellers suits up for launch

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - During suitup for launch, STS-112 Mission Specialist Piers Sellers smiles in anticipation of his first Shuttle flight. STS-112 is the 15th assembly flight to the International Space Station, carrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart A. The CETA is the first of two human-powered carts that will ride along the ISS railway, providing mobile work platforms for future spacewalking astronauts. On the 11-day mission, three spacewalks are planned to attach the S1 truss to the Station. Launch is scheduled for 3:46 p.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39B.

Using the social structure of markets as a framework for analyzing vaccination debates: The case of emergency polio vaccination

PubMed Central

Connelly, Yaron; Ziv, Arnona; Goren, Uri; Tal, Orna; Kaplan, Giora; Velan, Baruch

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT The framework of the social structure of markets was used to analyze an online debate revolving around an emergency poliovirus vaccination campaign in Israel. Examination of a representative sample of 200 discussions revealed the activity of three parties: authoritative agents promoting vaccinations, alternative agents promoting anti-vaccination, both representing sellers, and the impartial agents, representing the customers—the general public deliberating whether to comply with vaccination or not. Both sellers interacted with consumers using mechanisms of luring and convincing. The authoritative agents conveyed their message by exhibiting professionalism, building trust and offering to share information. The alternative agents spread doubts and evoked negative emotions of distrust and fear. Among themselves, the alternative agents strived to discredit the authoritative agents, while the latter preferred to ignore the former. Content analysis of discussions conducted by the general public reveal reiteration of the messages conveyed by the sellers, implying that the transaction of pro and anti-vaccination ideas indeed took place. We suggest that the framework of the market as a social structure can be applied to the analysis of other vaccination debates, and thereby provide additional insights into vaccination polemics. PMID:27058586

Testing neoclassical competitive market theory in the field

PubMed Central

List, John A.

2002-01-01

This study presents results from a pilot field experiment that tests predictions of competitive market theory. A major advantage of this particular field experimental design is that my laboratory is the marketplace: subjects are engaged in buying, selling, and trading activities whether I run an exchange experiment or am a passive observer. In this sense, I am gathering data in a natural environment while still maintaining the necessary control to execute a clean comparison between treatments. The main results of the study fall into two categories. First, the competitive model predicts reasonably well in some market treatments: the expected price and quantity levels are approximated in many market rounds. Second, the data suggest that market composition is important: buyer and seller experience levels impact not only the distribution of rents but also the overall level of rents captured. An unexpected result in this regard is that average market efficiency is lowest in markets that match experienced buyers and experienced sellers and highest when experienced buyers engage in bargaining with inexperienced sellers. Together, these results suggest that both market experience and market composition play an important role in the equilibrium discovery process. PMID:12432103

Marketing of meat sheep with intensive finishing in southern state of Mexico.

PubMed

Mondragón-Ancelmo, Jaime; Hernández-Martínez, Juvencio; Rebollar-Rebollar, Samuel; Salem, Abdelfattah Zeidan Mohamed; Rojo-Rubio, Rolando; Domínguez-Vara, Ignacio Arturo; García-Martínez, Anastacio

2014-12-01

The objective of the present study was to quantify the marketing margins of cold sheep carcass and barbacoa meat in the southern state of Mexico. Data were obtained from the production chain links (production, industrialization, and marketing) where the marketing margins were calculated along with the benefit/cost (B/C) ratio. In the absolute marketing margin of the final consumer price per kilogram of carcass meat, the producer obtained US$2.7/kg (47 %) of the utilities, while the intermediaries obtained US$3.1/kg (53 %). Considering the final cooked product in barbacoa (typical dish), the margin was US$6.3/kg (29 %) for the producer and US$15.2/kg (71 %) for the intermediaries. The B/C ratio was 1.0, 1.1, 2, and 1.3 for the producer, stocker, butcher, and barbacoa seller, respectively. It is concluded that the best marketing channel for the producer was the producer-stocker-processor (butcher and barbacoa seller). The highest marketing margin was for the intermediaries followed by the producer. The order of importance of the B/C kilogram ratio of meat was for the butcher first, then barbacoa seller, and lastly stocker and producer.

Online Sellers’ Website Quality Influencing Online Buyers’ Purchase Intention

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shea Lee, Tan; Ariff, Mohd Shoki Md; Zakuan, Norhayati; Sulaiman, Zuraidah; Zameri Mat Saman, Muhamad

2016-05-01

The increase adoption of Internet among young users in Malaysia provides high prospect for online seller. Young users aged between 18 and 25 years old are important to online sellers because they are actively involved in online purchasing and this group of online buyers is expected to dominate future online market. Therefore, examining online sellers’ website quality and online buyers’ purchase intention is crucial. Based on the Theory of planned behavior (TPB), a conceptual model of online sellers’ website quality and purchase intention of online buyers was developed. E-tailQ instrument was adapted in this study which composed of website design, reliability/fulfillment, security, privacy & trust, and customer service. Using online questionnaire and convenience sampling procedure, primary data were obtained from 240 online buyers aged between 18 to 25 years old. It was discovered that website design, website reliability/fulfillment, website security, privacy & trust, and website customer service positively and significantly influence intention of online buyers to continuously purchase via online channels. This study concludes that online sellers’ website quality is important in predicting online buyers’ purchase intention. Recommendation and implication of this study were discussed focusing on how online sellers should improve their website quality to stay competitive in online business.

Speckle reduction using deformable mirrors with diffusers in a laser pico-projector.

PubMed

Chen, Hsuan-An; Pan, Jui-Wen; Yang, Zu-Po

2017-07-24

We propose a design for speckle reduction in a laser pico-projector adopting diffusers and deformable mirrors. This research focuses on speckle noise suppression by changing the angle of divergence of the diffuser. Moreover, the speckle contrast value can be further reduced by the addition of a deformable mirror. The speckle reduction ability obtained using diffusers with different divergence angles is compared. Three types of diffuser designs are compared in the experiments. For Type 1 which uses a circular symmetric diffuser the speckle contrast value can be decreased to 0.0264. For Type 2, the speckle contrast value can be reduced to 0.0267 because of the inclusion of an elliptical distribution diffuser. With Type 3 which includes a combination of the circular distribution diffuser and elliptical distribution diffuser, the speckle contrast value can be reduced to 0.0236. For all three types, the speckle contrast value is lower than 0.05. Under this speckle value, the speckle phenomenon is invisible to the human eye.

Evaporation from a partially wet forest canopy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hancock, N. H.; Sellers, P. J.; Crowther, J. M.

1983-01-01

The results of experimental studies of water storage in a Sitka-spruce canopy are presented and analyzed in terms of model simulations of evaporation. Wet-branch cantilever deflection was measured along with meteorological data on three days in August, 1976, to determine the relationship of canopy evaporation to wind speed and (hence) aerodynamic resistance. Two versions of a simple unilayer model of sensible and latent heat transport from a partially wet canopy were tested in the data analysis: model F1 forbids the exchange of heat between wet and dry foliage surfaces; model F2 assumes that this exchange is highly efficient. Model F1 is found to give results consistent with the rainfall-interception model of Rutter et al. (1971, 1975, 1977), but model F2 gives results which are more plausible and correspond to the multilayer simulations of Sellers and Lockwood (1981) and the experimental findings of Hancock and Crowther (1979). It is inferred that the role of eddy diffusivity for water vapor is enhanced relative to momentum transport, and that the similarity hypothesis used in conventional models may fail in the near vicinity of a forest canopy.

STS-112 M.S. Sellers in white room before launch

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - -- In the White Room at Launch Pad 39B, STS-112 Mission Specialist Piers J. Sellers, Ph.D., receives assistance with his spacesuit before boarding Space Shuttle Atlantis. Liftoff is schedued for 3:46 p.m. EDT. Along with a crew of six, Atlantis will carry the S1 Integrated Truss Structure and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart A to the International Space Station (ISS). The CETA is the first of two human-powered carts that will ride along the ISS railway, providing mobile work platforms for future spacewalking astronauts. On the 11-day mission, three spacewalks are planned to attach the S1 truss.

Refinery buyers and sellers hunt cash

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gill, D.

1995-07-01

There`s a high-risk premium in the petroleum refining business today. The ability to transfer assets is viewed with a high degree of skepticism, and capital is not freely available. There are willing buyers and sellers for refinery assets today, but it is tough to qualify for a loan. Private financing also was responsible for a refinery deal that closed recently - the sale of Kerr-McGee`s 100,000-b/d unit in Corpus Christi, Texas. After nearly 3 years on the market, this unit was finally bought by a deep-pocketed private firm, Koch Industries of Wichita, Kan. The purchase price has not been disclosed,more » but it was probably not rich.« less

Put Your Science to Work: The Take-Charge Career Guide for Scientists

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fiske, Peter S.

This is the first of an occasional column in which the author or authors of a book recently published byAGU will be interviewed and their new book discussed.In this issue, Eos talks with Peter S. Fiske, the author of Put Your Science to Work: The Take-Charge Career Guide for Scientists. This is an update to his 1996 best-seller, To Boldly Go: A Practical Career Guide for Scientists, which became a best-seller for its comprehensive, hands-on guidance to scientists and scientistsin-training about the full range of professional opportunties open to them—including non-traditional ones—and how best to achieve success in them.

STS-112 crew during TCDT activities with M-113 carrier

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. - STS-112 Mission Specialist Piers Sellers is ready for his practice run driving the M-113 armored personnel carrier. Sellers and the rest of the crew are at KSC for Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown. Mission STS-112 aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 2, between 2 and 6 p.m. EDT. STS-112 is the 15th assembly mission to the International Space Station. Atlantis will be carrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure, the first starboard truss segment. The S1 will be attached to the central truss segment, S0, during the 11-day mission.

E-hubs: the new B2B (business-to-business) marketplaces.

PubMed

Kaplan, S; Sawhney, M

2000-01-01

Electronic hubs--Internet-based intermediaries that host electronic marketplaces and mediate transactions among businesses--are generating a lot of interest. Companies like Ariba, Chemdex, and Commerce One have already attained breathtaking stock market capitalizations. Venture capitalists are pouring money into more business-to-business start-ups. Even industrial stalwarts like GM and Ford are making plans to set up their own Web markets. As new entrants with new business models pour into the business-to-business space, it's increasingly difficult to make sense of the landscape. This article provides a blueprint of the e-hub arena. The authors start by looking at the two dimensions of purchasing: what businesses buy--manufacturing inputs or operating inputs--and how they buy--through systematic sourcing or spot sourcing. They classify B2B e-hubs into four categories: MRO hubs, yield managers, exchanges, and catalog hubs, and they discuss each type in detail. Drilling deeper into this B2B matrix, the authors look at how e-hubs create value--through aggregation and matching--and explain when each mechanism works best. They also examine the biases of e-hubs. Although many e-hubs are neutral--they're operated by independent third parties--some favor the buyers or sellers. The authors explain the differences and discuss the pros and cons of each position. The B2B marketplace is changing rapidly. This framework helps buyers, sellers, and market makers navigate the landscape by explaining what the different hubs do and how they add the most value.

Multifractals of investor behavior in stock market

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oh, Gabjin

2017-07-01

In this paper, we analyze the nonlinear properties of investor activity using the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) method. Using the aggregated trading volumes of buying, selling, and normalized net investor trading (NIT) to quantify the characteristics of trader behavior in the KOSPI market, we find that the cumulative distribution functions of all NIT time series, except for individual traders, follow a power-law distribution with an exponent in the range of 2.92 ≤ γ ≤ 3.87. To observe the nonlinear features of investor activity, we also calculate the multifractal spectra for the buyer, seller, and NIT data sets and find that a multifractal structure exists in all of the data, regardless of the investor type studied.

STS-112 Crew Training Clip

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2002-09-01

Footage shows the crew of STS-112 (Jeffrey Ashby, Commander; Pamela Melroy, Pilot; David Wolf, Piers Sellers, Sandra Magnus, and Fyodor Yurchikhin, Mission Specialists) during several parts of their training. The video is arranged into short segments. In 'Topside Activities at the NBL', Wolf and Sellers are fitted with EVA suits for pool training. 'Pre-Launch Bailout Training in CCT II' shows all six crew members exiting from the hatch on a model of a shuttle orbiter cockpit. 'EVA Training in the VR Lab' shows a crew member training with a virtual reality simulator, interspersed with footage of Magnus, and Wolf with Melroy, at monitors. There is a 'Crew Photo Session', and 'Pam Melroy and Sandy Magnus at the SES Dome' also features a virtual reality simulator. The final two segments of the video involve hands-on training. 'Post Landing Egress at the FFT' shows the crew suiting up into their flight suits, and being raised on a harness, to practice rapelling from the cockpit hatch. 'EVA Prep and Post at the ISS Airlock' shows the crew assembling an empty EVA suit onboard a model of a module. The crew tests oxygen masks, and Sellers is shown on an exercise bicycle with an oxygen mask, with his heart rate monitored (not shown).

Motivations for Selling Ecstasy among Young Adults in the Electronic Dance Music Club Culture in Brazil.

PubMed

Remy, Lysa S; Buttram, Mance E; Kurtz, Steven P; Surratt, Hilary L; Pechansky, Flavio

2017-01-01

This article describes data on the motivations for selling ecstasy among young adults in the electronic dance music (EDM) club culture in Brazil. Individual interviews were conducted with 20 individuals recruited for their involvement in the EDM club scene. Eligible participants were aged 18-39 and reported ecstasy and/or LSD use one or more times in the past 90 days. Exclusion criteria included current treatment for drug/alcohol problems and cognitive impairment or clinically evident psychiatric disorder. Mean age was 22.92 (SD 2.77), 60% were male, 45% reported 12 or more years of education, 50% did not have a primary partner, 50% were living alone, and all had friends who also used ecstasy. Three main themes emerged: (1) "easy" transition from ecstasy user to seller; (2) desire to achieve popularity and fame; and (3) need to sell ecstasy to maintain the high cost of EDM club scene participation. This is one of the first studies of ecstasy sellers in Brazil. The results demonstrate the ease with which the participants transition from ecstasy user to seller. Given the potential health and social dangers associated with ecstasy use, public health campaigns to prevent ecstasy use and policy initiatives to limit the ecstasy supply are warranted.

Maximising the Highs and Minimising the Lows: Harm Reduction Guidance within Ecstasy Distribution Networks

PubMed Central

Duterte, Micheline; Sales, Paloma; Murphy, Sheigla

2008-01-01

Background Little is known about how users build and share knowledge concerning the highs and lows of Ecstasy and the role that Ecstasy sellers play in the exchange of this information. Methods These findings are based on a National Institute on Drug Abuse-funded project, “An Exploratory Study of Ecstasy Distribution,” conducted between 2003 and 2006. We completed in-depth interviews with 120 men and women in the San Francisco Bay Area who had sold 5 or more doses 5 or more times in the 6 months prior to the interview. The research focused on buyer-seller relationships and the influence of these relationships on users’ health. Results Users constructed harm reduction strategies in attempts to maximise the Ecstasy high and minimise the risks. The social context of Ecstasy use allowed for the exchange of harm reduction information and advice on how to maximise the pleasurable aspects of Ecstasy. Some participants served as “guides” to ensure that their customers had safe and enjoyable experiences while using Ecstasy. Conclusion These findings suggest that Ecstasy sellers are important points of intervention for the dissemination of harm reduction information as friendship networks were the primary link in creating awareness of safer Ecstasy use. PMID:17964771

STS-112 Crew Training Clip

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Footage shows the crew of STS-112 (Jeffrey Ashby, Commander; Pamela Melroy, Pilot; David Wolf, Piers Sellers, Sandra Magnus, and Fyodor Yurchikhin, Mission Specialists) during several parts of their training. The video is arranged into short segments. In 'Topside Activities at the NBL', Wolf and Sellers are fitted with EVA suits for pool training. 'Pre-Launch Bailout Training in CCT II' shows all six crew members exiting from the hatch on a model of a shuttle orbiter cockpit. 'EVA Training in the VR Lab' shows a crew member training with a virtual reality simulator, interspersed with footage of Magnus, and Wolf with Melroy, at monitors. There is a 'Crew Photo Session', and 'Pam Melroy and Sandy Magnus at the SES Dome' also features a virtual reality simulator. The final two segments of the video involve hands-on training. 'Post Landing Egress at the FFT' shows the crew suiting up into their flight suits, and being raised on a harness, to practice rapelling from the cockpit hatch. 'EVA Prep and Post at the ISS Airlock' shows the crew assembling an empty EVA suit onboard a model of a module. The crew tests oxygen masks, and Sellers is shown on an exercise bicycle with an oxygen mask, with his heart rate monitored (not shown).

Factors driving customers to seek health care from pharmacies for acute respiratory illness and treatment recommendations from drug sellers in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

PubMed Central

Chowdhury, Fahmida; Sturm-Ramirez, Katharine; Mamun, Abdullah Al; Iuliano, A Danielle; Bhuiyan, Mejbah Uddin; Chisti, Mohammod Jobayer; Ahmed, Makhdum; Haider, Sabbir; Rahman, Mahmudur; Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo

2017-01-01

Background Pharmacies in Bangladesh serve as an important source of health service. A survey in Dhaka reported that 48% of respondents with symptoms of acute respiratory illness (ARI) identified local pharmacies as their first point of care. This study explores the factors driving urban customers to seek health care from pharmacies for ARI, their treatment adherence, and outcome. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 selected pharmacies within Dhaka from June to December 2012. Study participants were patients or patients’ relatives aged >18 years seeking care for ARI from pharmacies without prescription. Structured interviews were conducted with customers after they sought health service from drug sellers and again over phone 5 days postinterview to discuss treatment adherence and outcome. Results We interviewed 302 customers patronizing 76 pharmacies; 186 (62%) sought care for themselves and 116 (38%) sought care for a sick relative. Most customers (215; 71%) were males. The majority (90%) of customers sought care from the study pharmacy as their first point of care, while 18 (6%) had previously sought care from another pharmacy and 11 (4%) from a physician for their illness episodes. The most frequently reported reasons for seeking care from pharmacies were ease of access to pharmacies (86%), lower cost (46%), availability of medicine (33%), knowing the drug seller (20%), and convenient hours of operation (19%). The most commonly recommended drugs were acetaminophen dispensed in 76% (228) of visits, antihistamine in 69% (208), and antibiotics in 42% (126). On follow-up, most (86%) of the customers had recovered and 12% had sought further treatment. Conclusion People with ARI preferred to seek care at pharmacies rather than clinics because these pharmacies were more accessible and provided prompt treatment and medicine with no service charge. We recommend raising awareness among drug sellers on proper dispensing practices and enforcement of laws and regulations for drug sales. PMID:28293104

Factors driving customers to seek health care from pharmacies for acute respiratory illness and treatment recommendations from drug sellers in Dhaka city, Bangladesh.

PubMed

Chowdhury, Fahmida; Sturm-Ramirez, Katharine; Mamun, Abdullah Al; Iuliano, A Danielle; Bhuiyan, Mejbah Uddin; Chisti, Mohammod Jobayer; Ahmed, Makhdum; Haider, Sabbir; Rahman, Mahmudur; Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo

2017-01-01

Pharmacies in Bangladesh serve as an important source of health service. A survey in Dhaka reported that 48% of respondents with symptoms of acute respiratory illness (ARI) identified local pharmacies as their first point of care. This study explores the factors driving urban customers to seek health care from pharmacies for ARI, their treatment adherence, and outcome. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 selected pharmacies within Dhaka from June to December 2012. Study participants were patients or patients' relatives aged >18 years seeking care for ARI from pharmacies without prescription. Structured interviews were conducted with customers after they sought health service from drug sellers and again over phone 5 days postinterview to discuss treatment adherence and outcome. We interviewed 302 customers patronizing 76 pharmacies; 186 (62%) sought care for themselves and 116 (38%) sought care for a sick relative. Most customers (215; 71%) were males. The majority (90%) of customers sought care from the study pharmacy as their first point of care, while 18 (6%) had previously sought care from another pharmacy and 11 (4%) from a physician for their illness episodes. The most frequently reported reasons for seeking care from pharmacies were ease of access to pharmacies (86%), lower cost (46%), availability of medicine (33%), knowing the drug seller (20%), and convenient hours of operation (19%). The most commonly recommended drugs were acetaminophen dispensed in 76% (228) of visits, antihistamine in 69% (208), and antibiotics in 42% (126). On follow-up, most (86%) of the customers had recovered and 12% had sought further treatment. People with ARI preferred to seek care at pharmacies rather than clinics because these pharmacies were more accessible and provided prompt treatment and medicine with no service charge. We recommend raising awareness among drug sellers on proper dispensing practices and enforcement of laws and regulations for drug sales.

Antibiotic sales in rural and urban pharmacies in northern Vietnam: an observational study

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background The irrational overuse of antibiotics should be minimized as it drives the development of antibiotic resistance, but changing these practices is challenging. A better understanding is needed of practices and economic incentives for antibiotic dispensing in order to design effective interventions to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use. Here we report on both quantitative and qualitative aspects of antibiotic sales in private pharmacies in northern Vietnam. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in which all drug sales were observed and recorded for three consecutive days at thirty private pharmacies, 15 urban and 15 rural, in the Hanoi region in 2010. The proportion of antibiotics to total drug sales was assessed and the revenue was calculated for rural and urban settings. Pharmacists and drug sellers were interviewed by a semi-structured questionnaire and in-depth interviews to understand the incentive structure of antibiotic dispensing. Results In total 2953 drug sale transactions (2083 urban and 870 rural) were observed. Antibiotics contributed 24% and 18% to the total revenue of pharmacies in urban and rural, respectively. Most antibiotics were sold without a prescription: 88% in urban and 91% in rural pharmacies. The most frequent reported reason for buying antibiotics was cough in the urban setting (32%) and fever in the rural area (22%). Consumers commonly requested antibiotics without having a prescription: 50% in urban and 28% in rural area. The qualitative data revealed that drug sellers and customer’s knowledge of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance were low, particularly in rural area. Conclusion Over the counter sales of antibiotic without a prescription remains a major problem in Vietnam. Suggested areas of improvement are enforcement of regulations and pricing policies and educational programs to increase the knowledge of drug sellers as well as to increase community awareness to reduce demand-side pressure for drug sellers to dispense antibiotics inappropriately. PMID:24555709

Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Optimal Control Considering Selling Price and Salesman Initiative Cost

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hertini, Elis; Anggriani, Nursanti; Mianna, Winda; Supriatna, Asep K.

2018-03-01

Retailers usually offer several types of similar products. A larger number of available stock products in display space will lead consumer to buy more, as well as giving a negative impression on other types of less available products. However, the amount of display space is limited so capacity of carrying the products is limited. Competition among products to increase demand rate is influenced by stock levels available in display space, price and salesmen’s initiative in promoting the products. The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) to replenish the stock of the product is dependent on the on-hand inventory. Salesman’s initiative also affects maximum profit obtained by the seller. In this paper, Potryagin’s Maximal Principle is used to determine the state of the inventory levels response to control prices of products. Sensitivity analysis of capacity allocation display space is also presented numerically.

Drug retailer training: experiences from Nepal.

PubMed

Kafle, K K; Gartoulla, R P; Pradhan, Y M; Shrestha, A D; Karkee, S B; Quick, J D

1992-10-01

Sale of modern medicines by untrained peddlers, general merchants, and other drug sellers is common throughout the developing world. Drug sellers operating in the 'informal sector' are often the first source of health care outside the home. Reasons given by patients for using private drug sellers include expediency, convenience, efficacy of the medicines, dependability of supply, and reasonable cost. At the same time, self-medication through private drug sellers can be ineffective, wasteful, and at times distinctly harmful. Regulatory approaches to controlling drug selling in the informal sector, widely endorsed on paper through national drug control legislation, require a cadre of professional regulatory staff and enforcement mechanisms which are too often beyond the current economic and political reach of countries. In Nepal, where rugged terrain has limited infrastructure development, the doctor to population ratio is 1:23,000, utilization of government health services averages only 0.2 visits per person per year. Retail drug outlets outnumber health posts and health centers by a ratio of 4:1 and private drug sellers often offer the only access to modern medicine for much of the population. Community surveys have found that drug retailers are very often the first and only source of health care outside the home. Given the importance of retail drug outlets and the lack of trained pharmacists, the Department of Drug Administration in 1981 established a 45-hr course for drug retailers which emphasized practical training as well as formal teaching on pharmacology, ethics, storage of drugs, and legal issues. By the end of 1989, 4096 drug retailers had graduated from the course. Still run by the Ministry of Health Department of Drug Administration, the course has proven to be administratively feasible and has been quite popular with drug retailers. Initial reservations expressed by doctors and some pharmacists were soon overcome, and the course is now well accepted by professional groups. Because the course is offered in different locations, geographic coverage has also been very good despite Nepal's logistic constraints. The operating cost of the course averages about U.S. $18 per trainee. Informal evaluations have resulted in plans for refresher training more narrowly focused on safe dispensing and appropriate referral for a limited number of important public health problems. Since 50-90% of pharmaceutical expenditures typically pass through the informal private sector in developing countries, it is suggested that other countries consider focused drug retailer training as a response to the problems of manpower shortages and drug dispensing by unqualified staff.

Before the ban--an exploratory study of a local khat market in East London, U.K.

PubMed

Kassim, Saba; Dalsania, Asha; Nordgren, Johan; Klein, Axel; Hulbert, Josh

2015-06-12

Khat is a green leaf with amphetamine-like effects. It is primarily used among people in Africa, the Middle East and in the diaspora communities from these countries. Prior to the prohibition of khat in the UK on 24 June 2014, there was almost no information available on key aspects of the local khat market. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012 using snowball sampling, Privileged Access Interviewing and area mapping in order to identify khat sale establishments. Data was collected via face-to-face interviews using mixed methods for data collection. This included information about the establishments selling khat, khat pricing and its use among different ethnic minority groups, in addition to the potential sale of khat to children and risk assessment (e.g., use of pesticides on khat). Five out of seven sellers identified agreed to participate. Sellers described their khat sale establishments as 'community centres' which included, for example, a restaurant basement. The sellers' history of selling khat ranged between 1-15 years and khat's sale took place between 2pm-10pm. Miraa (e.g., Lara) from Kenya was the most popularly used khat variety, sold in pre-wrapped bundles of approximately 250 g costing £3 each and delivered four days a week. Harari (e.g., Owdi) from Ethiopia was sold in 200 g, 400 g and 1 kg bundles, priced between £5 and £20 and delivered two days a week. The primary benefit of khat use was reported to be social interaction. The customers were predominantly adult males of Somali origin. Most sellers claimed a self-imposed ban on sales to children under 18 years old. Khat bundles had no labelling describing variety or weight and sellers had no knowledge of the use of pesticides on khat and did not advertise the risks associated with khat use. Khat selling establishments were businesses that did not adhere to trade standards regulations (e.g., labelling khat bundles). They claimed to provide a community service (facilitating social interaction) to their predominately Somali customers. Without a better understanding of the dynamics of the khat market there is a risk that both health and social needs of the vulnerable populations involved in the market continue to go unaddressed. Future research should track changes in the now illicit khat market in order to evaluate the social and public health implications following the recent changes to the current U.K. regulatory environment regarding khat.

Essays in the California electricity reserves markets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Metaxoglou, Konstantinos

This dissertation examines inefficiencies in the California electricity reserves markets. In Chapter 1, I use the information released during the investigation of the state's electricity crisis of 2000 and 2001 by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to diagnose allocative inefficiencies. Building upon the work of Wolak (2000), I calculate a lower bound for the sellers' price-cost margins using the inverse elasticities of their residual demand curves. The downward bias in my estimates stems from the fact that I don't account for the hierarchical substitutability of the reserve types. The margins averaged at least 20 percent for the two highest quality types of reserves, regulation and spinning, generating millions of dollars in transfers to a handful of sellers. I provide evidence that the deviations from marginal cost pricing were due to the markets' high concentration and a principal-agent relationship that emerged from their design. In Chapter 2, I document systematic differences between the markets' day- and hour-ahead prices. I use a high-dimensional vector moving average model to estimate the premia and conduct correct inferences. To obtain exact maximum likelihood estimates of the model, I employ the EM algorithm that I develop in Chapter 3. I uncover significant day-ahead premia, which I attribute to market design characteristics too. On the demand side, the market design established a principal-agent relationship between the markets' buyers (principal) and their supervisory authority (agent). The agent had very limited incentives to shift reserve purchases to the lower priced hour-ahead markets. On the supply side, the market design raised substantial entry barriers by precluding purely speculative trading and by introducing a complicated code of conduct that induced uncertainty about which actions were subject to regulatory scrutiny. In Chapter 3, I introduce a state-space representation for vector autoregressive moving average models that enables exact maximum likelihood estimation using the EM algorithm. Moreover, my algorithm uses only analytical expressions; it requires the Kalman filter and a fixed-interval smoother in the E step and least squares-type regression in the M step. In contrast, existing maximum likelihood estimation methods require numerical differentiation, both for univariate and multivariate models.

Two types of diffusions at the cathode/electrolyte interface in IT-SOFCs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li Zhipeng, E-mail: LI.Zhipeng@nims.go.jp; Mori, Toshiyuki; Auchterlonie, Graeme John

2011-09-15

Analytical transmission electron microscopy, in particular with the combination of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), has been performed to investigate the microstructure and microchemistry of the interfacial region between the cathode (La{sub 0.6}Sr{sub 0.4}Co{sub 0.8}Fe{sub 0.2}O{sub 3}, LSCF) and the electrolyte (Gd-doped ceria, GDC). Two types of diffusions, mutual diffusion between cathode and electrolyte as well as the diffusion along grain boundaries, have been clarified. These diffusions suggest that the chemical stability of LSCF and GDC are not as good as previously reported. The results are more noteworthy if we take into consideration the factmore » that such interdiffusions occur even during the sintering process of cell preparation. - Graphical Abstract: Two types of diffusions, the mutual diffusion and the diffusion along grain boundaries, occurred at the cathode/electrolyte interface of intermediate temperature solid state fuel cells, during cell preparation. The mutual diffusion is denoted by black arrows and the diffusion along grain boundaries assigned by pink arrows. Highlights: > All the cations in cathode (LSCF) and electrolyte (GDC) can mutually diffuse into each other. > Diffusing elements will segregate at grain boundaries or triple junctions around the cathode/electrolyte interface. > Two types of diffusions, the mutual diffusion and diffusion along grain boundaries, have been clarified thereafter.« less

[Clinicopathological study of diffuse carcinoma of stomach (author's transl)].

PubMed

Shimoda, T

1978-11-01

The biological behavior of ulcer type gastric carcinoma was studied on 114 cases of diffuse carcinoma (Borrmann's 4 type) and 262 cases of early like advanced carcinoma (including superficial spreading type). In both types of gastric carcinoma, the age distribution, location, ulcer with cancer focus and prognosis differed greatly. The early like carcinoma was speculated to have advanced maintaining the groos findings of early gastric carcinoma, and its location and associated ulcer were the same as the early ulcer type of carcinoma. The prognosis of this type of carcinoma was good, showing a figure of 70% in 3 year survival rate. On the other hand, diffuse carcinoma demonstrated diffuse extensive infiltration of tumor cells along the gastric wall, resulting in poor prognosis with a 3 year survival rate of almost 0%. Histologically, diffuse type of carcinoma showed lymphatic infiltration of tumor cells, and this is probably the main reason for the diffuse infiltration in this type of carcinoma. Diffuse carcinoma is, therefore, considered to be one special type of carcinoma having different biological behavior compared with the other ulcer type of carcinoma, and diffuse carcinoma is not the terminal stage of early like advanced carcinoma. There are three stages in diffuse carcinoma: 1. Infiltrative stage: wide spread infiltration of cancer cells through lymphatic channels (lymphangiosis carcinomatosa) 2. Edematous stage: soluble collagen appearing in gastric wall 3. Sclerosing stage: soluble collagen changing into insoluble collagen leading to marked thickening and stiffness of the gastric wall. This is the end stage of gastric diffuse carcinoma. It is difficult to explain that the marked fibrosis of gastric wall is a result to stromal reaction from tumor cell infiltration, since extensive fibrosis is found in areas without tumor cells and stiffness of the gastric wall occurs in a too short period of time. The production of abundunt soluble collagen is probably related to cancer cells.

Unlocking water markets: an experimental approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cook, J.; Rabotyagov, S.

2011-12-01

Water markets are frequently referred to as a promising approach to alleviate stress on water systems, especially as future hydrologic assessments suggest increasing demand and less reliable supply. Yet, despite decades of advocacy by water resource economists, water markets (leases and sales of water rights between willing buyers and sellers) have largely failed to develop in the western US. Although there are a number of explanations for this failure, we explore one potential reason that has received less attention : farmers as sellers may have preferences for different elements of a water market transaction that are not captured in the relative comparison of their profits from farming and their profits from agreeing to a deal. We test this explanation by recruiting irrigators with senior water rights in the upper Yakima River Basin in Washington state to participate in a series of experimental auctions. In concept, the Yakima Basin is well situated for water market transactions as it has significant water shortages for junior water users ~15% of years and projections show these are likely to increase in the future. Participants were asked a series of questions about the operation of a hypothetical 100-acre timothy hay farm including the type of buyer, how the water bank is managed, the lease type, and the offer price. Results from 7 sessions with irrigators (n=49) and a comparison group of undergraduates (n=38) show that irrigators are more likely to accept split-season than full-season leases (controlling for differences in farm profits) and are more likely to accept a lease from an irrigation district and less likely to accept an offer from a Developer. Most notably, we find farmers were far more likely than students to reject offers from buyers even though it would increase their winnings from the experiment. These results could be used in ongoing water supply policy debates in the Yakima Basin to simulate the amount of water that could be freed by water markets.

Comparison of gene-expression profiles between diffuse- and intestinal-type gastric cancers using a genome-wide cDNA microarray.

PubMed

Jinawath, Natini; Furukawa, Yoichi; Hasegawa, Suguru; Li, Meihua; Tsunoda, Tatsuhiko; Satoh, Seiji; Yamaguchi, Toshiharu; Imamura, Hiroshi; Inoue, Masatomo; Shiozaki, Hitoshi; Nakamura, Yusuke

2004-09-02

Gastric cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Two histologically distinct types of gastric carcinoma, 'intestinal' and 'diffuse', have different epidemiological and pathophysiological features that suggest different mechanisms of carcinogenesis. A number of studies have investigated intestinal-type gastric cancers at the molecular level, but little is known about mechanisms involved in the diffuse type, which has a more invasive phenotype and poorer prognosis. To clarify the mechanisms that underlie its development and/or progression, we compared the expression profiles of 20 laser-microbeam-microdissected diffuse-type gastric-cancer tissues with corresponding noncancerous mucosae by means of a cDNA microarray containing 23,040 genes. We identified 153 genes that were commonly upregulated and more than 1500 that were commonly downregulated in the tumors. We also identified a number of genes related to tumor progression. Furthermore, comparison of the expression profiles of diffuse-type with those of intestinal-type gastric cancers identified 46 genes that may represent distinct molecular signatures of each histological type. The putative signature of diffuse-type cancer exhibited altered expression of genes related to cell-matrix interaction and extracellular-matrix (ECM) components, whereas that of intestinal-type cancer represented enhancement of cell growth. These data provide insight into different mechanisms underlying gastric carcinogenesis and may also serve as a starting point for identifying novel diagnostic markers and/or therapeutic targets for diffuse-type gastric cancers.

Risks for HIV infection among users and sellers of crack, powder cocaine and heroin in central Harlem: Implications for interventions

PubMed Central

DAVIS, W. REES; JOHNSON, B. D.; RANDOLPH, D.; LIBERTY, H. J.

2007-01-01

This article investigates behaviours that may be associated HIV infection among users and sellers of crack, powder cocaine and heroin in central Harlem. Chain referral sampling and other strategies were combined to acquire a sample of 637 (Users = 546; Sellers = 91) who provided urine specimens that were tested for the presence of drugs and HIV. Nearly a quarter (23.9%) of all respondents were HIV positive. Drug injectors were more than 2.5 times more likely to have HIV infections than other respondents (OR = 2.66; 95% CI 1.66–4.26). Those involved in frauds/cons were almost as likely to be HIV positive (OR = 2.58; 95% CI 1.64–4.06). Those with a marital status of being separated, divorced or widowed were twice as likely to be HIV infected (OR 2.16; 95% CI 1.43–3.25). Respondents currently having multiple partner sex (OR = 1.66; 95% CI 1.1–2.51) or who were female (OR = 1.66; 95% CI 1.12–2.45) were more than 1.5 times more likely to be HIV positive. Thus, controlling for lifetime drug injection and current multiple partner sex, other factors, such as participating in frauds/cons, as well as relationship status and being female, were also associated with HIV infection. PMID:16338774

Large Customers (DR Sellers)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kiliccot, Sila

2011-10-25

State of the large customers for demand response integration of solar and wind into electric grid; openADR; CAISO; DR as a pseudo generation; commercial and industrial DR strategies; California regulations

Exploring Cultural Diversity with Business Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koponen, Jonna; Julkunen, Saara

2017-01-01

Courses: Business Communication, Intercultural Communication. Objectives: Students will demonstrate understanding of some of the effects of culture on business communication. Students will explore cultural diversity in customer-seller relationships.

Allowance market pricing indicators

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Miller, R.W.

1995-12-31

Regardless of whether buyers and sellers rely on one allowance price indicator or a combination of several, the publication of price indicators has facilitated trading in the SO{sub 2} allowance market. Buyers and sellers feel more comfortable with a price benchmark against which to measure their actions; liquidity has increased; and transactions are easier to conclude. At this market`s present stage of development, five price indicators are worthy of discussion: EPA Allowance Auctions; Compliance Strategies Review`s EATX; Utility Environment Report`s price range; Cantor Fitzgerald`s Allowance Price Indicators; and Emissions Exchange Corporation`s Exchange Values. But experience in other markets indicates thatmore » (1) others will be created as the market develops, and (2) all published price indicators will tend to converge as time passes.« less

Gaining Access to Hidden Populations: Strategies for Gaining Cooperation of Drug Sellers/Dealers and Their Families in Ethnographic Research

PubMed Central

Dunlap, Eloise; Johnson, Bruce D.

2009-01-01

Summary This article examines strategies for gaining the cooperation of drug sellers and their families in order to conduct ethnographic research. The strategies were developed during an eight year study of drug dealers in New York City. A key element in gaining the ability to talk with and observe drug dealers and their family members was the availability of funds to compensate respondents for interviews and other expenses associated with building and maintaining rapport. Access to more successful crack sellers and dealers rested upon the right contacts. The “right contact” is a critical element. Locating a trusted “go-between” was adapted from strategies employed by cocaine sellers to arrange transactions involving large quantities of drugs. Such transactions rely upon a trusted associate of a dealer, the “go-between,” who performs various roles and assumes risks the dealer wishes to avoid. The role of the go-between became important when ethnographers attempted to reach drug dealers for research purposes. Favors and trust are central components in the equation of access to the dealer and his family. Favors are a part of drug dealers' interaction patterns: everyone owes someone else a favor. Such reciprocity norms exist independently of the amount of drugs involved and outlast any particular transaction. Reputations and favors are related. This framework of favors, trust, and reciprocity provides a basis for the ethnographer to gain an introduction to dealers and sellers. The “go-between” is critical because he/she explains the ethnographer's role to the dealer and helps arrange an initial meeting between the ethnographer and the seller. Once the go-between has provided an initial introduction, the ethnographer marshals the communication skills necessary to convince the dealer to allow further contact and conversations. This article examines the ritual of initial conversation within its cultural framework. Developing rapport requires showing respect and honesty. Since drug dealers' self-esteem and prestige is generally tied to their drug dealing activities, signs of respect are critical in obtaining repeated appointments and conversations. Issues such as levels of rejection and how to use apparent refusal to the ethnographer's advantage are discussed. Gaining access was broken into two components. One involved permission to engage dealers in in-depth interviews The next involved obtaining permission to directly observe the actual activities of selling. Both of these components were important elements in gaining access and permission to conduct research. Building and maintaining trust and rapport were related to issues of confidentiality and anonymity. Ill-fated ethnographic strategies, such as relying on street drug users for introductions, were important stepping stones to those strategies that did work. Such strategies revealed the level of interaction between dealer and user. They helped to uncover drug subculture behavior patterns and conduct norms and to tease out the relationship between the dealer and user. Such strategies also revealed hierarchical arrangements and the loyalty within such levels. Those near the top of dealer hierarchies generally are reluctant to introduce their boss (those above them in rank) because of fear of reprisals, a sense of responsibility to the individual boss, or/and a sense of loyalty to the organization. The strategies laid out were experienced in New York and may be adjusted to acquire access to hidden populations in other situations. PMID:19809526

Assessing the performance, practices and roles of drug sellers/dispensers and mothers'/guardians' behaviour for common childhood conditions in Kibaha district, Tanzania.

PubMed

Nsimba, S E D

2007-10-01

In most third world countries, self-medication is common and pharmacies, drug stores and drug shops are important providers of health advice and inexpensive medicines. We used exit interviews to assess drug sellers'/dispensers' roles and consumers' behaviour in Kibaha district, Coast region, Tanzania. Exit interviews with mothers/guardians reported the following childhood conditions treated with or without prescriptions at drug shops: respiratory infections (34%), fever (21%), a combination of diarrhoea, acute respiratory infection (ARI) and fever (14%), diarrhoea alone (13%) and other conditions (17%). The majority of drug sellers/dispensers prescribed or dispensed branded drugs (85%) for most mothers/guardians who visited these drug shops. In addition, antibiotics in total were prescribed for 31% of the mothers/guardians. Of the antibiotics dispensed, 38% were not prescribed by clinicians. In total, oral rehydration salts (ORSs) (3%), antimalarials (sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine) (24%) and antipyretics (11%), were prescribed in 20% but were bought by only 9%; multivitamins (6%), cough mixtures (4%) and other drugs (2%) (antihelminthics, benzylbenzoate emulsions, ear and eye drops) were also purchased from these facilities. Of the diarrhoea case histories presented by simulated clients at the drug shops, only 35% of the bloody diarrhoea scenarios were accurately diagnosed for getting antibiotics as compared with 44% for watery diarrhoea for which the use of antibiotics were wrongly advised (P<0.01). Furthermore, drug sellers/dispensers in these drug shops recommended use of ORS less frequently (3%) for a combination of diarrhoea, ARI and fever, and 2% for ARI alone than for watery (29%) and bloody diarrhoea (32%), respectively, for children under five years of age (P<0.001). Antimicrobial agents were advised for ARI (38%), watery diarrhoea (44%) and bloody diarrhoea (35%), respectively, with no significant difference among the three common childhood conditions. Antipyretics were advised in almost all childhood conditions but were least in watery (2%) and bloody diarrhoea (4%). This study demonstrates that antibiotics are overused in both the urban and rural settings of Kibaha district and that this is due to both clinicians'and drug sellers'prescribing practices in public and private facilities. The use of branded drugs was more common than that of generic drugs in private pharmacies, drug stores and ordinary shops. It is hereby proposed that any intervention should focus on training both facilities in the district on selectively prescribing and rational use of antibiotics for ARI and diarrhoea, and also to prescribe and dispense generic drugs so that it costs patients less when they buy drugs in shops. There is a need to increase awareness in recommending the use of ORS for clients to manage watery and bloody diarrhoea, and ARI in children under five years of age.

48 CFR 52.250-5 - SAFETY Act-Equitable Adjustment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., engineering services, software development services, software integration services, threat assessments... security, i.e., it will perform as intended, conforms to the seller's specifications, and is safe for use...

48 CFR 52.250-5 - SAFETY Act-Equitable Adjustment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., engineering services, software development services, software integration services, threat assessments... security, i.e., it will perform as intended, conforms to the seller's specifications, and is safe for use...

48 CFR 52.250-5 - SAFETY Act-Equitable Adjustment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., engineering services, software development services, software integration services, threat assessments... security, i.e., it will perform as intended, conforms to the seller's specifications, and is safe for use...

48 CFR 52.250-5 - SAFETY Act-Equitable Adjustment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., engineering services, software development services, software integration services, threat assessments... security, i.e., it will perform as intended, conforms to the seller's specifications, and is safe for use...

Contact Lens Care

MedlinePlus

... your prescription expires Lens measurements The contact lens brand name and material Your doctor’s name and contact ... mail-order sellers may send you a different brand. Contact lenses may look the same, but materials ...

77 FR 15757 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-16

... require sellers of consumer commodities to keep records that substantiate ``cents off,'' ``introductory... competitively sensitive information such as costs, sales statistics, inventories, formulas, patterns devices...

Flat-plate solar array project process development area, process research of non-CZ silicon material

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Campbell, R. B.

1984-01-01

The program is designed to investigate the fabrication of solar cells on N-type base material by a simultaneous diffusion of N-type and P-type dopants to form an P(+)NN(+) structure. The results of simultaneous diffusion experiments are being compared to cells fabricated using sequential diffusion of dopants into N-base material in the same resistivity range. The process used for the fabrication of the simultaneously diffused P(+)NN(+) cells follows the standard Westinghouse baseline sequence for P-base material except that the two diffusion processes (boron and phosphorus) are replaced by a single diffusion step. All experiments are carried out on N-type dendritic web grown in the Westinghouse pre-pilot facility. The resistivities vary from 0.5 (UC OMEGA)cm to 5 (UC OMEGA)cm. The dopant sources used for both the simultaneous and sequential diffusion experiments are commercial metallorganic solutions with phosphorus or boron components. After these liquids are applied to the web surface, they are baked to form a hard glass which acts as a diffusion source at elevated temperatures. In experiments performed thus far, cells produced in sequential diffusion tests have properties essentially equal to the baseline N(+)PP(+) cells. However, the simultaneous diffusions have produced cells with much lower IV characteristics mainly due to cross-doping of the sources at the diffusion temperature. This cross-doping is due to the high vapor pressure phosphorus (applied as a metallorganic to the back surface) diffusion through the SiO2 mask and then acting as a diffusant source for the front surface.

48 CFR 50.203 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... management protections for sellers of QATTs and others in the supply and distribution chain. (b) The SAFETY... website are block designations and block certifications granted by DHS. [72 FR 63030, Nov. 7, 2007, as...

48 CFR 50.203 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... management protections for sellers of QATTs and others in the supply and distribution chain. (b) The SAFETY... website are block designations and block certifications granted by DHS. [72 FR 63030, Nov. 7, 2007, as...

48 CFR 50.203 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... management protections for sellers of QATTs and others in the supply and distribution chain. (b) The SAFETY... website are block designations and block certifications granted by DHS. [72 FR 63030, Nov. 7, 2007, as...

48 CFR 50.203 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... management protections for sellers of QATTs and others in the supply and distribution chain. (b) The SAFETY... website are block designations and block certifications granted by DHS. [72 FR 63030, Nov. 7, 2007, as...

Dynamical modes of two almost identical chemical oscillators connected via both pulsatile and diffusive coupling.

PubMed

Safonov, Dmitry A; Vanag, Vladimir K

2018-05-03

The dynamical regimes of two almost identical Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillators with both pulsatile (with time delay) and diffusive coupling have been studied theoretically with the aid of ordinary differential equations for four combinations of these types of coupling: inhibitory diffusive and inhibitory pulsatile (IDIP); excitatory diffusive and inhibitory pulsatile; inhibitory diffusive and excitatory pulsatile; and finally, excitatory diffusive and excitatory pulsatile (EDEP). The combination of two types of coupling creates a condition for new feedback, which promotes new dynamical modes for the IDIP and EDEP coupling.

Effect of Crystal Defects on Minority Carrier Diffusion Length in 6H SiC Measured Using the Electron Beam Induced Current Method

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tabib-Azar, Massood

1997-01-01

We report values of minority carrier diffusion length in n-type 6H SiC measured using a planar Electron Beam Induced Current (EBIC) method. Values of hole diffusion length in defect free regions of n-type 6H SiC, with a doping concentration of 1.7El7 1/cu cm, ranged from 1.46 microns to 0.68 microns. We next introduce a novel variation of the planar method used above. This 'planar mapping' technique measured diffusion length along a linescan creating a map of diffusion length versus position. This map is then overlaid onto the EBIC image of the corresponding linescan, allowing direct visualization of the effect of defects on minority carrier diffusion length. Measurements of the above n-type 6H SiC resulted in values of hole diffusion length ranging from 1.2 micron in defect free regions to below 0.1 gm at the center of large defects. In addition, measurements on p-type 6H SiC resulted in electron diffusion lengths ranging from 1.42 micron to 0.8 micron.

7 CFR 51.344 - Size.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples for Processing Size § 51.344 Size. (a... buyer and seller. (c) Size is the dimension of the apples determined by the smallest opening through...

7 CFR 51.344 - Size.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Apples for Processing Size § 51.344 Size. (a... buyer and seller. (c) Size is the dimension of the apples determined by the smallest opening through...

7 CFR 764.402 - Loan closing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... pay all filing, recording, notary, lien search, and any other fees necessary to process and close a...; (vi) Not represent both the buyer and seller in the transaction; (vii) Not be related as a family...

75 FR 27248 - Gap in Termination Provisions; Inquiry

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-14

... were critically acclaimed, it was released with an updated cover last year and is now a best seller... these achieved immediate popular success and have been economically viable ever since. The original...

4. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, March 25, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. Historic American Buildings Survey Alex Bush, Photographer, March 25, 1937 SMOKE HOUSE. WEST (FRONT) AND NORTH SIDE - Sellers-Henderson House & Smokehouse, State Route 28, Millers Ferry, Wilcox County, AL

78 FR 38975 - Environmental Impacts Statements; Notice of Availability

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-28

... Everglades Harbor Navigation Improvements, Comment Period Ends: 08/13/2013, Contact: Terri Jordan-Sellers 904... Channel Ocean Dredged Material Disposal Site West, Pursuant to Section 102(c) of the Marine Protection...

76 FR 40350 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-08

...: Fenton Power Partners I, LLC. Description: Fenton Power Partners I, LLC submits tariff filing per 35: Fenton Seller Category Compliance Filing to be effective 6/30/2011. Filed Date: 06/29/2011. Accession...

The economy of smiles: affect, labour and the contemporary deserving poor.

PubMed

Gerrard, Jessica

2018-02-14

This paper examines the affective dimensions of new forms of informal entrepreneurial work carried out in spaces of unemployment. Situating the analysis within contemporary scholarship on deservingness and on affect and labour, I shed light on the forms of entrepreneurial labour that rely upon affect-driven economies of exchange underpinned by moral judgements of deservingness, value and worth. In particular, this paper draws on a multi-city (Melbourne, London, San Francisco) study of homeless street press sellers (The Big Issue and Street Sheet) to explore the ways in which contemporary practices of charity and care are carried out through individualized market-place exchanges. Sellers' accounts of their work reveal how smiling and being (or looking) happy is a performative expectation that must be managed in the face of poverty and precarity. © London School of Economics and Political Science 2018.

Leonardo DiCaprio visited Goddard Saturday to discuss Earth science with Piers Sellers

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

Academy Award®- winning actor and environmental activist Leonardo DiCaprio visited NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland on Saturday, April 23, 2016. During his visit, Mr. DiCaprio interviewed Dr. Piers Sellers, an Earth scientist, former astronaut and current deputy director of Goddard’s Sciences and Exploration Directorate. The two discussed the different missions NASA has underway to study changes in the Earth’s atmosphere, water and land masses for a climate change documentary that Mr. DiCaprio has in production. Using a wall-size, high-definition display system that shows visual representations based on actual science data, Mr. DiCaprio and Dr. Sellers discussed data results from NASA’s fleet of satellites in Earth’s orbit. During his visit, Mr. DiCaprio also visited the facility holding NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope that is being developed as a large infrared telescope with a 6.5-meter primary mirror. The telescope will be launched on an Ariane 5 rocket from French Guiana in October of 2018, and will be a premier observatory of the next decade, serving thousands of astronomers worldwide. Credit: NASA/Goddard/Rebecca Roth NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

Hunting, Sale, and Consumption of Bushmeat Killed by Lead-Based Ammunition in Benin.

PubMed

Ahmadi, Shukrullah; Maman, Suzanne; Zoumenou, Roméo; Massougbodji, Achille; Cot, Michel; Glorennec, Philippe; Bodeau-Livinec, Florence

2018-06-01

Human consumption of animal meat killed by lead ammunition has been reported as a risk factor for elevated blood lead levels. However, little is known about how meat killed by lead ammunition is hunted, prepared, sold, and consumed. We explored the process from hunting to consumption within communities in Benin from the perspective of preventive measures. We conducted 38 semi-structured interviews with hunters ( n = 9) and sellers ( n = 8) of bushmeat and families ( n = 21) as consumers of bushmeat killed by lead ammunition. Data were transcribed, translated, and coded for analysis. We conducted content analysis to identify and describe key themes and processes from hunting to consumption. Many hunters ( n = 7/9) used lead-based ammunition. After the meat is hunted, market sellers often buy it directly from the hunters. Amongst the hunters and sellers, few ( n = 4/17) acknowledged removing the meat impacted by lead shot prior to sale. Many families ( n = 15/21) mentioned consumption of the hunted bushmeat. The meat is cooked before sharing with children. Many families ( n = 19/21) mentioned they look for the remains of the lead shot or remove the meat impacted by the shot. The finding suggests that hunting, sale, and consumption of bushmeat killed by lead ammunition are well-known practices in Allada, Benin. The bushmeat often hunted illegally with lead shot is sold in the markets and eventually consumed by families who attempt to clean the meat impacted by the lead shot before cooking it.

Understanding what your sales manager is up against.

PubMed

Trailer, Barry; Dickie, Jim

2006-01-01

Every year, the research firm CSO Insights publishes the results of its Sales Performance Optimization survey, an online questionnaire given to more than 1,000 sales executives worldwide that seeks to examine the effectiveness of key sales practices and metrics. In this article, two partners from CSO provide the 2005 and 2006 survey highlights, which describe the challenges today's sales organizations face and how they're responding. An overall theme is the degree to which the buy cycle has gotten out of sync with the sell cycle. Buyers have always had a buy cycle, starting at the point they perceive a need. Sellers have always had a sales cycle, starting at the point they spot a prospect. Traditionally, the two have dovetailed--either because the seller created the buyer's perception of need or because the buyer pursued a need by contacting a salesperson (often for product information). Now the buy cycle is often well under way before the seller is even aware there is a cycle--in part because of the information asymmetry created by the Internet. The implications for managing a sales organization are profound in that sales training must now address how reps handle an environment in which buyers have more knowledge than they do. The authors offer evidence that sales executives are taking--and should take--aggressive action to train and retain sales talent, manage the sales process, and use sales support technologies to meet the challenges of this new environment.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hartsock, J.H.; Gruy, H.J.

Fair market value has its origin in law and is defined as that price that a willing buyer will pay and a willing seller will sell at some point in time, with neither the buyer nor the seller under any compulsion to buy or sell, aid both having equal and reasonable knowledge of the facts. In reality, a perfect sale probably never occurs in which a willing buyer and a willing seller are under no compulsion to buy or sell and both are equally familiar with all the facts. Nonetheless, it is necessary to prepare fair market value estimates formore » oil and gas properties for the purpose of gift taxes, estate taxes, condemnation cases, mergers and divorce settlements. For the estimation of the fair market value of oil and gas properties, there are basically two approaches; namely, the income approach and the market data approach. The income approach requires the estimation of reserves, identification of their categories (proved, probable and possible), a detailed cash flow projection and the proper application of risk factors. The market data approach utilizes the comparable sales of properties The comparable sales approach is preferred, but for producing oil and gas properties it is difficult to identify sales comparable in net reserves, product prices, location, operating expenses, operator expertise, etc. Consequently, for proved, probable and possible reserves, the income approach has been accepted by the courts and is more generally applied. For nonproducing mineral interests the comparable sales approach is applied using multiples of lease bonuses in the area.« less

Sodium diffusion in 4H-SiC

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Linnarsson, M. K., E-mail: marga@kth.se; Hallén, A.

Sodium diffusion has been studied in p-type 4H-SiC. Heat treatments have been performed from 1200 °C to 1800 °C for 1 min to 4 h. Secondary ion mass spectrometry has been used to measure the sodium distribution. We show that sodium has a considerable mobility at 1200 °C in p-type 4H-SiC. On the other hand for sodium atoms trapped at suitable sites the mobility is limited up to 1800 °C. Trap limited diffusion kinetics is suggested and an effective diffusivity has been extracted with an activation energy of 4 eV for sodium diffusion in p-type 4H-SiC.

Historical and literary roots of Münchhausen syndromes: as intriguing as the syndromes themselves.

PubMed

Olry, Régis; Haines, Duane E

2013-01-01

Hieronymus Carl Friedrich Freiherr von Münchhausen (1720-1797) was a famous eighteenth-century teller of extravagant stories. In 1785, Rudolph Erich Raspe anonymously published the first book-form edition of Münchhausen's Tales, and a German translation was made available by Gottfried August Bürger the following year. Since that time, these adventures remained a best seller, and the name of the Baron was twice referred to in psychiatric terminology: "Münchhausen syndrome" coined by Richard Asher in 1951 and "Münchhausen syndrome by proxy" coined by Roy Meadow in 1977. This chapter examines the legitimacy of these terms in the light of historical and literary records and analyzes the synonyms or clinical types as found in medical publications. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

24 CFR 81.74 - Secretarial determination on GSE request.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... data bases; (5) The difficulty that a competitor, including a seller/servicer, would face in obtaining... is the subject of a request is not proprietary, the Secretary shall provide notice in writing to the...

24 CFR 81.74 - Secretarial determination on GSE request.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... data bases; (5) The difficulty that a competitor, including a seller/servicer, would face in obtaining... is the subject of a request is not proprietary, the Secretary shall provide notice in writing to the...

16 CFR 240.10 - Availability to all competing customers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... retail promotion of its product in Philadelphia. Some of its retailing customers purchase directly and it.... The seller may use the wholesalers to reach the retailing customers that buy through them, either by...

16 CFR 240.10 - Availability to all competing customers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... retail promotion of its product in Philadelphia. Some of its retailing customers purchase directly and it.... The seller may use the wholesalers to reach the retailing customers that buy through them, either by...

16 CFR 240.10 - Availability to all competing customers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... retail promotion of its product in Philadelphia. Some of its retailing customers purchase directly and it.... The seller may use the wholesalers to reach the retailing customers that buy through them, either by...

16 CFR 240.10 - Availability to all competing customers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... retail promotion of its product in Philadelphia. Some of its retailing customers purchase directly and it.... The seller may use the wholesalers to reach the retailing customers that buy through them, either by...

12 CFR 616.600 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... this part, the following definitions apply: (a) Interests in leases means ownership interests in any... means a sale of a lease or an interest in a lease in which the seller: (1) Retains some risk of loss...

Market research completed in El Salvador.

PubMed

1983-01-01

Intensive market research, completed in El Salvador for the contraceptive social marketing project of the Asociacion Demografica Salvadorena (ADS), was designed to obtain a better understanding of Salvadoran usage of and attitudes toward contraceptives in general and ADS products in particular. The research results are being used to develop a new marketing plan for the Contraceptive Social Marketing (CSM) program as it works to increase the program's effectiveness in reaching consumers. Points-of-purchase (retail outlets) were surveyed in November 1982 to study brand presence and vendor perceptions of consumer behavior in order to define the market in terms of products, prices, and distribution. Focus groups were conducted during November and December 1982 to probe consumer awareness and attitudes regarding methods, brands, and purchasing behavior. The results of the focus groups helped guide the development of a door-to-door consumer survey conducted from December 1982 through February 1983 to further define the market in terms of consumer size and characteristics. Personal interviews were conducted with the owner or manager of each of 247 pharmacies selected at random but in proportion to their distributional weight as to location. Aragon and Associates found that standard-dose orals and condoms were sold in 86% of the outlets surveyed and foaming tablets and low-dose pills in 37%. In terms of brand presence in outlets, the CSM products Perla (orals) and Condor (condom) both led their respective categories. In the foaming tablet category Suave had the lowest presence and Neo Sampoon the highest. The difference between reported and actual presence of contraceptives in the outlets was significant: 32% of the sellers of Perla, 18% of the sellers of Condor, and 26% of the sellers of Suave were out of stock at the time of the survey. The difference in average CSM product prices and the next lowest priced brands is very large. Dealers reported that their contraceptive consumers are fairly evenly divided between men and women. Results of the 8 focus groups suggested that there is a high awareness of and positive attitude toward family planning, although there was some confusion between family planning and birth control. Most respondents regarded control. Most respondents regarded 2-4 children as ideal. Men were much less concerned about using contraceptives than were women. Focus group participants had a high level of knowledge about contraceptives and were interested in learning more. Most thought mass media was an appropriate source for this type of information.

Consumer Perceived Risk, Attitude and Online Shopping Behaviour; Empirical Evidence from Malaysia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ariff, Mohd Shoki Md; Sylvester, Michele; Zakuan, Norhayati; Ismail, Khalid; Mat Ali, Kamarudin

2014-06-01

The development of e-commerce has increased the popularity of online shopping worldwide. In Malaysia, it was reported that online shopping market size was RM1.8 billion in 2013 and it is estimated to reach RM5 billion by 2015. However, online shopping was rated 11th out of 15 purposes of using internet in 2012. Consumers' perceived risks of online shopping becomes a hot topic to research as it will directly influence users' attitude towards online purchasing, and their attitude will have significant impact to the online purchasing behaviour. The conceptualization of consumers' perceived risk, attitude and online shopping behaviour of this study provides empirical evidence in the study of consumer online behaviour. Four types of risks - product risk, financial, convenience and non-delivery risks - were examined in term of their effect on consumers' online attitude. A web-based survey was employed, and a total of 300 online shoppers of a Malaysia largest online marketplace participated in this study. The findings indicated that product risk, financial and non-delivery risks are hazardous and negatively affect the attitude of online shoppers. Convenience risk was found to have positive effect on consumers' attitude, denoting that online buyers of this site trusted the online seller and they encountered less troublesome with the site. It also implies that consumers did not really concern on non-convenience aspect of online shopping, such as handling of returned products and examine the quality of products featured in the online seller website. The online buyers' attitude was significantly and positively affects their online purchasing behaviour. The findings provide useful model for measuring and managing consumers' perceived risk in internet-based transaction to increase their involvement in online shopping and to reduce their cognitive dissonance in the e-commerce setting.

Forensic drug intelligence and the rise of cryptomarkets. Part I: Studying the Australian virtual market.

PubMed

Broséus, Julian; Morelato, Marie; Tahtouh, Mark; Roux, Claude

2017-10-01

Analysing and understanding cryptomarkets is essential to become proactive in the fight against the illicit drug trade. Such a research seeks to combine a diversity of indicators related to the virtual (darknet markets) and physical (the traditional "offline" market) aspects of the illicit drug trade to provide information on the distribution and consumption as well as to assess similarities/differences between the virtual and physical markets. This study analysed data that had previously been collected on cryptomarkets from December 2013 to March 2015. In this article, the data was extracted from two marketplaces, Evolution and Silk Road 2, and analysed to evaluate the illicit drug trade of the Australian virtual market (e.g. information about the supply and demand, trafficking flows, prices of illicit drugs and market share) and highlight its specificities. The results revealed the domestic nature of the virtual Australian illicit drug trade (i.e. Australian sellers essentially ship their products to local customers). This may explain the coherence between supply and demand. Particularly, the virtual Australian illicit drug trade is dominated by amphetamine-type substances (ATS), mainly methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and cannabis. Australia, as a shipping country, accounts for half of the methamphetamine offered and purchased on Silk Road 2. Moreover, it was observed that the online price fixed by Australian sellers for the considered illicit drugs is higher than for any other shipping countries, which is in line with previous studies. Understanding the virtual and physical drug market necessitates the integration and fusion of different perspectives to capture the dynamic nature of drug trafficking, monitor its evolution and finally improve our understanding of the phenomenon so policy makers can make informed decisions. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A Simplified Biosphere Model for Global Climate Studies.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xue, Y.; Sellers, P. J.; Kinter, J. L.; Shukla, J.

1991-03-01

The Simple Biosphere Model (SiB) as described in Sellers et al. is a bio-physically based model of land surface-atmosphere interaction. For some general circulation model (GCM) climate studies, further simplifications are desirable to have greater computation efficiency, and more important, to consolidate the parametric representation. Three major reductions in the complexity of SiB have been achieved in the present study.The diurnal variation of surface albedo is computed in SiB by means of a comprehensive yet complex calculation. Since the diurnal cycle is quite regular for each vegetation type, this calculation can be simplified considerably. The effect of root zone soil moisture on stomatal resistance is substantial, but the computation in SiB is complicated and expensive. We have developed approximations, which simulate the effects of reduced soil moisture more simply, keeping the essence of the biophysical concepts used in SiB.The surface stress and the fluxes of heat and moisture between the top of the vegetation canopy and an atmospheric reference level have been parameterized in an off-line version of SiB based upon the studies by Businger et al. and Paulson. We have developed a linear relationship between Richardson number and aero-dynamic resistance. Finally, the second vegetation layer of the original model does not appear explicitly after simplification. Compared to the model of Sellers et al., we have reduced the number of input parameters from 44 to 21. A comparison of results using the reduced parameter biosphere with those from the original formulation in a GCM and a zero-dimensional model shows the simplified version to reproduce the original results quite closely. After simplification, the computational requirement of SiB was reduced by about 55%.

Modeling a phosphorus credit trading program in an agricultural watershed.

PubMed

Corrales, Juliana; Naja, G Melodie; Bhat, Mahadev G; Miralles-Wilhelm, Fernando

2014-10-01

Water quality and economic models were linked to assess the economic and environmental benefits of implementing a phosphorus credit trading program in an agricultural sub-basin of Lake Okeechobee watershed, Florida, United States. The water quality model determined the effects of rainfall, land use type, and agricultural management practices on the amount of total phosphorus (TP) discharged. TP loadings generated at the farm level, reaching the nearby streams, and attenuated to the sub-basin outlet from all sources within the sub-basin, were estimated at 106.4, 91, and 85 mtons yr(-)(1), respectively. Almost 95% of the TP loadings reaching the nearby streams were attributed to agriculture sources, and only 1.2% originated from urban areas, accounting for a combined TP load of 87.9 mtons yr(-)(1). In order to compare a Least-Cost Abatement approach to a Command-and-Control approach, the most cost effective cap of 30% TP reduction was selected, and the individual allocation was set at a TP load target of 1.6 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) (at the nearby stream level). The Least-Cost Abatement approach generated a potential cost savings of 27% ($1.3 million per year), based on an optimal credit price of $179. Dairies (major buyer), ornamentals, row crops, and sod farms were identified as potential credit buyers, whereas citrus, improved pastures (major seller), and urban areas were identified as potential credit sellers. Almost 81% of the TP credits available for trading were exchanged. The methodology presented here can be adapted to deal with different forms of trading sources, contaminants, or other technologies and management practices. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

NMR investigation of water diffusion in different biofilm structures.

PubMed

Herrling, Maria P; Weisbrodt, Jessica; Kirkland, Catherine M; Williamson, Nathan H; Lackner, Susanne; Codd, Sarah L; Seymour, Joseph D; Guthausen, Gisela; Horn, Harald

2017-12-01

Mass transfer in biofilms is determined by diffusion. Different mostly invasive approaches have been used to measure diffusion coefficients in biofilms, however, data on heterogeneous biomass under realistic conditions is still missing. To non-invasively elucidate fluid-structure interactions in complex multispecies biofilms pulsed field gradient-nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG-NMR) was applied to measure the water diffusion in five different types of biomass aggregates: one type of sludge flocs, two types of biofilm, and two types of granules. Data analysis is an important issue when measuring heterogeneous systems and is shown to significantly influence the interpretation and understanding of water diffusion. With respect to numerical reproducibility and physico-chemical interpretation, different data processing methods were explored: (bi)-exponential data analysis and the Γ distribution model. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficient distribution in relation to relaxation was studied by D-T 2 maps obtained by 2D inverse Laplace transform (2D ILT). The results show that the effective diffusion coefficients for all biofilm samples ranged from 0.36 to 0.96 relative to that of water. NMR diffusion was linked to biofilm structure (e.g., biomass density, organic and inorganic matter) as observed by magnetic resonance imaging and to traditional biofilm parameters: diffusion was most restricted in granules with compact structures, and fast diffusion was found in heterotrophic biofilms with fluffy structures. The effective diffusion coefficients in the biomass were found to be broadly distributed because of internal biomass heterogeneities, such as gas bubbles, precipitates, and locally changing biofilm densities. Thus, estimations based on biofilm bulk properties in multispecies systems can be overestimated and mean diffusion coefficients might not be sufficiently informative to describe mass transport in biofilms and the near bulk. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Nivolumab With or Without Varlilumab in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Aggressive B-cell Lymphomas

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-06-11

ALK-Positive Large B-Cell Lymphoma; Atypical Burkitt/Burkitt-Like Lymphoma; Burkitt-Like Lymphoma With 11q Aberration; Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Activated B-Cell Type; Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Associated With Chronic Inflammation; Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Germinal Center B-Cell Type; Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified; EBV-Positive Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified; EBV-Positive Mucocutaneous Ulcer; High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma With MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 Rearrangements; Human Herpesvirus 8-Positive Neoplastic Cells Present; Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma; Large B-Cell Lymphoma With IRF4 Rearrangement; Plasmablastic Lymphoma; Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma; Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Leg Type; Primary Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Central Nervous System; Primary Effusion Lymphoma; Recurrent B-Cell Lymphoma, Unclassifiable, With Features Intermediate Between Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma; Recurrent Burkitt Lymphoma; Recurrent Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma; Recurrent Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis; Recurrent Primary Mediastinal (Thymic) Large B-Cell Cell Lymphoma; Refractory B-Cell Lymphoma, Unclassifiable, With Features Intermediate Between Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma; Refractory Burkitt Lymphoma; Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma; Refractory Primary Mediastinal (Thymic) Large B-Cell Cell Lymphoma; Small Intestinal High Grade B-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified; T-Cell/Histiocyte-Rich Large B-Cell Lymphoma

12 CFR 201.104 - Eligibility of consumer loans and finance company paper.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... are acquired by a finance company from a dealer-seller of such homes. (e) The principles stated above..., marketing, and carrying of agricultural products or the breeding, raising, fattening, or marketing of...

12 CFR 324.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... quantification system; data management and maintenance system; and control, oversight, and validation system for...-supervised institution's advanced IRB systems, operational risk management processes, operational risk data...-length basis between the seller and the obligor (intercompany accounts receivable and receivables subject...

75 FR 63167 - San Diego Gas and Electric Company v. Sellers of Energy and Ancillary Services Into Markets...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-14

... Operated by the California Independent System Operator Corporation and the California Power Exchange; Investigation of Practices of the California Independent System Operator and the California Power Exchange...

18 CFR 250.16 - Format of compliance plan for transportation services and affiliate transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... distribution company, an interstate pipeline, an intrastate pipeline, an end-user, a producer, a marketer, or a... affiliate's role in the transportation transaction (i.e., shipper, marketer, supplier, seller); the duration...

26 CFR 20.2031-3 - Valuation of interests in businesses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... individual or a corporation, would pay for the interest to a willing seller, neither being under any... § 20.2031-2 relating to the valuation of corporate stock, to the extent applicable. Special attention...

26 CFR 20.2031-3 - Valuation of interests in businesses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... individual or a corporation, would pay for the interest to a willing seller, neither being under any... § 20.2031-2 relating to the valuation of corporate stock, to the extent applicable. Special attention...

26 CFR 20.2031-3 - Valuation of interests in businesses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... individual or a corporation, would pay for the interest to a willing seller, neither being under any... § 20.2031-2 relating to the valuation of corporate stock, to the extent applicable. Special attention...

26 CFR 20.2031-3 - Valuation of interests in businesses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... individual or a corporation, would pay for the interest to a willing seller, neither being under any... § 20.2031-2 relating to the valuation of corporate stock, to the extent applicable. Special attention...

Patent Medicine Sellers: How Can They Help Control Childhood Malaria?

PubMed Central

Akuse, Rosamund M.; Eseigbe, Edwin E.; Ahmed, Abubakar; Brieger, William R.

2010-01-01

Roll Back Malaria Initiative encourages participation of private health providers in malaria control because mothers seek care for sick children from them. This study investigated Patent Medicine Sellers (PMS) management of presumptive malaria in children in order to identify how they can assist malaria control. A cross-sectional survey of 491 PMS in Kaduna, Nigeria, was done using interviews and observation of shop activities. Most (80%) customers bought drugs without prescriptions. Only 29.5% were given instructions about doses. Between 40–100% doses of recommended antimalarials were incorrect. Some (22%) PMS did not ask questions about illness for which they were consulted. Most children treated in shops received injections. PMS facilitate homecare but have deficiencies in knowledge and practice. Interventions must focus on training them to accurately determine doses, give advice about drug administration, use oral medication, and ask about illness. Training should be made a prerequisite for registering and reregistering shops. PMID:22332020

Using Priced Options to Solve the Exposure Problem in Sequential Auctions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mous, Lonneke; Robu, Valentin; La Poutré, Han

This paper studies the benefits of using priced options for solving the exposure problem that bidders with valuation synergies face when participating in multiple, sequential auctions. We consider a model in which complementary-valued items are auctioned sequentially by different sellers, who have the choice of either selling their good directly or through a priced option, after fixing its exercise price. We analyze this model from a decision-theoretic perspective and we show, for a setting where the competition is formed by local bidders, that using options can increase the expected profit for both buyers and sellers. Furthermore, we derive the equations that provide minimum and maximum bounds between which a synergy buyer's bids should fall in order for both sides to have an incentive to use the options mechanism. Next, we perform an experimental analysis of a market in which multiple synergy bidders are active simultaneously.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - STS-120 Mission Specialists Piers Sellers and Michael Foreman are in the Space Station Processing Facility for hardware familiarization. The mission will deliver the second of three Station connecting modules, Node 2, which attaches to the end of U.S. Lab. It will provide attach locations for the Japanese laboratory, European laboratory, the Centrifuge Accommodation Module and later Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules. The addition of Node 2 will complete the U.S. core of the International Space Station.

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-07-18

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - STS-120 Mission Specialists Piers Sellers and Michael Foreman are in the Space Station Processing Facility for hardware familiarization. The mission will deliver the second of three Station connecting modules, Node 2, which attaches to the end of U.S. Lab. It will provide attach locations for the Japanese laboratory, European laboratory, the Centrifuge Accommodation Module and later Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules. The addition of Node 2 will complete the U.S. core of the International Space Station.

Optimal Price Decision Problem for Simultaneous Multi-article Auction and Its Optimal Price Searching Method by Particle Swarm Optimization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Masuda, Kazuaki; Aiyoshi, Eitaro

We propose a method for solving optimal price decision problems for simultaneous multi-article auctions. An auction problem, originally formulated as a combinatorial problem, determines both every seller's whether or not to sell his/her article and every buyer's which article(s) to buy, so that the total utility of buyers and sellers will be maximized. Due to the duality theory, we transform it equivalently into a dual problem in which Lagrange multipliers are interpreted as articles' transaction price. As the dual problem is a continuous optimization problem with respect to the multipliers (i.e., the transaction prices), we propose a numerical method to solve it by applying heuristic global search methods. In this paper, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used to solve the dual problem, and experimental results are presented to show the validity of the proposed method.

Kidney Sales and Market Regulation: A Reply to Semrau.

PubMed

Koplin, Julian J

2017-11-15

Luke Semrau argues that the documented harms of existing organ markets do not undermine the case for establishing regulated systems of paid kidney donation. He offers two arguments in support of this conclusion. First, Semrau argues that the harms of kidney selling are straightforwardly amenable to regulatory solution. Second, Semrau argues that even in existing black markets, sellers would likely have experienced greater harm if the option of selling a kidney were not available. This commentary challenges both of Semrau's claims. I argue that there is no reason to believe that kidney sellers benefit from the current black market trade in organs, and highlight a number of potential issues regarding the effectiveness and feasibility of Semrau's proposed market regulations. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Inc. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

[Acidity and microbial flora contaminating Senegalese reconstituted curdled milk produced on small scale].

PubMed

Seydi, M; Ndiaye, M

1993-01-01

The present study is carried out to appreciate the acidity, and survey the microbiological quality of reconstituted curdled milk (R.C.M.) obtained on small scale. For his, a total of 100 samples collected from Dakar's sellers were examined. The results show that: pH of R.C.M. is low and very variable: 4.17 +/- 0.30, titrable acidity is high: 152.6 +/- 26.5 degrees D, 5% of samples are contaminated by fecal coliforms and yielded counts of 20 germs/g, 19% of samples are polluted by Staphylococcus aureus to level equal to 10(2) germs/g or higher, yeasts and moulds are present in all samples, salmonella were absent. Saphylococcus aureus survival in curdled milk despite a dysgenesic acidity may be the result of very unhygienic conditions of preparation. Sellers and consumers must be encouraged to respect hygienic rules of preparation. It is the only way to prevent food poisoning.

Probing the type of anomalous diffusion with single-particle tracking.

PubMed

Ernst, Dominique; Köhler, Jürgen; Weiss, Matthias

2014-05-07

Many reactions in complex fluids, e.g. signaling cascades in the cytoplasm of living cells, are governed by a diffusion-driven encounter of reactants. Yet, diffusion in complex fluids often exhibits an anomalous characteristic ('subdiffusion'). Since different types of subdiffusion have distinct effects on timing and equilibria of chemical reactions, a thorough determination of the reactants' type of random walk is key to a quantitative understanding of reactions in complex fluids. Here we introduce a straightforward and simple approach for determining the type of subdiffusion from single-particle tracking data. Unlike previous approaches, our method also is sensitive to transient subdiffusion phenomena, e.g. obstructed diffusion below the percolation threshold. We validate our strategy with data from experiment and simulation.

Histopathologic characteristics of gastric adenocarcinoma in Mexican patients: a 10-year experience at the Hospital Juárez of Mexico.

PubMed

Martínez-Galindo, M G; Zamarripa-Dorsey, F; Carmona-Castañeda, A; Angeles-Labra, A; Peñavera-Hernández, R; Ugarte-Briones, C; Blanco-Vela, C I

2015-01-01

Gastric cancer is the second cause of death by cancer worldwide. Histologic classification may predict tumor biology, clinical behavior, and outcome. According to the Lauren classification, the disease is divided into 2 types, diffuse and intestinal, and the latter has a better prognosis. To determine the frequency of gastric adenocarcinoma and compare the histopathologic characteristics of intestinal and diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma in Mexican patients treated at a tertiary referral hospital. A retrospective study evaluated the pathology reports of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma corresponding to the time frame of January 2003 to December 2012. Adenocarcinomas of the gastric cardia were excluded. Frequencies were expressed as percentages and the categorical variables were compared with the chi-square test. Statistical significance was set at a P<.05. A total of 417 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma were found, 230 (55.2%) of which were diffuse-type and 118 (28.2%) were intestinal-type. The mean age of the patients with diffuse type gastric cancer was 54.02±14.93 and 119 (51.3%) of those patients were men. The mean age of the patients with intestinal-type gastric cancer was 63.43±13.78, and 69 (62.2%) were men. Ninety-two of the diffuse-type patients were under the age of 50 years, compared with 22 of the patients with intestinal-type carcinoma. This is the first study on the Mexican population to analyze the differences in the histologic types of adenocarcinoma. Diffuse-type gastric carcinoma was the most frequent subtype in our study population and it is associated with worse outcome. Copyright © 2014 Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología. Published by Masson Doyma México S.A. All rights reserved.

Modeling diffusion and reaction in soils: 9. The Buckingham-Burdine-Campbell equation for gas diffusivity in undisturbed soil

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Moldrup, P.; Olesen, T.; Yamaguchi, T.

1999-08-01

Accurate description of gas diffusivity (ratio of gas diffusion coefficients in soil and free air, D{sub s}/D{sub 0}) in undisturbed soils is a prerequisite for predicting in situ transport and fate of volatile organic chemicals and greenhouse gases. Reference point gas diffusivities (R{sub p}) in completely dry soil were estimated for 20 undisturbed soils by assuming a power function relation between gas diffusivity and air-filled porosity ({epsilon}). Among the classical gas diffusivity models, the Buckingham (1904) expression, equal to the soil total porosity squared, best described R{sub p}. Inasmuch, as their previous works implied a soil-type dependency of D{sub s}/D{submore » 0}({epsilon}) in undisturbed soils, the Buckingham R{sub p} expression was inserted in two soil-type-dependent D{sub s}/D{sub 0}({epsilon}) models. One D{sub s}/D{sub 0}({epsilon}) model is a function of pore-size distribution (the Campbell water retention parameter used in a modified Burdine capillary tube model), and the other is a calibrated, empirical function of soil texture (silt + sand fraction). Both the Buckingham-Burdine-Campbell (BBC) and the Buckingham/soil texture-based D{sub s}/D{sub 0}({epsilon}) models described well the observed soil type effects on gas diffusivity and gave improved predictions compared with soil type independent models when tested against an independent data set for six undisturbed surface soils. This study emphasizes that simple but soil-type-dependent power function D{sub s}/D{sub 0}({epsilon}) models can adequately describe and predict gas diffusivity in undisturbed soil. The authors recommend the new BBC model as basis for modeling gas transport and reactions in undisturbed soil systems.« less

Prescription Opioid Use, Misuse, and Diversion among Street Drug Users in New York City

PubMed Central

Rees Davis, W.; Johnson, Bruce D.

2008-01-01

Objective The use of heroin, cocaine, and other drugs is well researched in New York City, but prescription opioids (POs) have been overlooked. This study documents patterns of PO use, misuse, and diversion among street drug users, and begins to indicate how drug culture practices interact with the legitimate therapeutic goals of PO prescriptions (e.g. pain management). Methods Staff completed interviews inquiring about the reasons for use of POs and illicit drugs with 586 street drug users. Ethnographers wrote extensive field notes about subjects’ complex patterns of PO use. Results Methadone was used (71.9%) and sold (64.7%) at a higher level than OxyContin, Vicodin, and Percocet, used by between 34% and 38% of the users and sold by between 28% and 41% of the sellers. Recent PO use is associated with the recency of using heroin and cocaine (p<.001). Half of the heroin/cocaine sellers sold POs, and one quarter of the PO sellers only sold POs. Subjects were classified into four groups by whether they diverted POs or used POs to relieve pain or withdrawal rather than for euphoria. This classification was associated with frequency of PO use, whether POs were obtained from doctors/pharmacies or from drug dealers and family members, and those mostly likely to use POs for pain and withdrawal. Conclusions POs are an important component of street drug users’ drug-taking regimes, especially those who are Physically III Chemical Abusers (PICA). Future research is needed to model PO use, misuse, and diversion among this population. PMID:17913395

Prescription opioid use, misuse, and diversion among street drug users in New York City.

PubMed

Davis, W Rees; Johnson, Bruce D

2008-01-01

The use of heroin, cocaine, and other drugs is well researched in New York City, but prescription opioids (POs) have been overlooked. This study documents patterns of PO use, misuse, and diversion among street drug users, and begins to indicate how drug culture practices interact with the legitimate therapeutic goals of PO prescriptions (e.g. pain management). Staff completed interviews inquiring about the reasons for use of POs and illicit drugs with 586 street drug users. Ethnographers wrote extensive field notes about subjects' complex patterns of PO use. Methadone was used (71.9%) and sold (64.7%) at a higher level than OxyContin, Vicodin, and Percocet, used by between 34% and 38% of the users and sold by between 28% and 41% of the sellers. Recent PO use is associated with the recency of using heroin and cocaine (p<.001). Half of the heroin/cocaine sellers sold POs, and one quarter of the PO sellers only sold POs. Subjects were classified into four groups by whether they diverted POs or used POs to relieve pain or withdrawal rather than for euphoria. This classification was associated with frequency of PO use, whether POs were obtained from doctors/pharmacies or from drug dealers and family members, and those mostly likely to use POs for pain and withdrawal. POs are an important component of street drug users' drug-taking regimes, especially those who are Physically Ill Chemical Abusers (PICA). Future research is needed to model PO use, misuse, and diversion among this population.

'Sly grog' and 'homebrew': a qualitative examination of illicit alcohol and some of its impacts on Indigenous communities with alcohol restrictions in regional and remote Queensland (Australia).

PubMed

Fitts, Michelle S; Robertson, Jan; Towle, Simon; Doran, Chris M; McDermott, Robyn; Miller, Adrian; Margolis, Stephen; Ypinazar, Valmae; Clough, Alan R

2017-08-01

Indigenous communities in Queensland (Australia) have been subject to Alcohol Management Plans since 2002/03, with significant penalties for breaching restrictions. 'Sly grog' and 'homebrew' provide access to alcohol despite restrictions. This paper describes how this alcohol is made available and the risks and impacts involved. In affected towns and communities across a large area of rural and remote Queensland, interviews and focus groups documented experiences and views of 255 long-standing community members and service providers. Using an inductive framework, transcribed interviews were analysed to identify supply mechanisms, community and service provider responses and impacts experienced. 'Homebrew' was reportedly manufactured in just a few localities, in locally-specific forms bringing locally-specific harms. However, 'sly grog' sourced from licensed premises located long distances from communities, is a widespread concern across the region. 'Sly grog' sellers circumvent retailers' takeaway liquor license conditions, stockpile alcohol outside restricted areas, send hoax messages to divert enforcement and take extraordinary risks to avoid apprehension. Police face significant challenges to enforce restrictions. On-selling of 'sly grog' appears more common in remote communities with total prohibition. Despite different motives for involvement in an illicit trade 'sly grog' consumers and sellers receive similar penalties. There is a need for: (a) a more sophisticated regional approach to managing takeaway alcohol sales from licensed suppliers, (b) targeted penalties for 'sly grog' sellers that reflect its significant community impact, (c) strategies to reduce the demand for alcohol and (d) research to assess the effects of these strategies in reducing harms.

Effect of transcatheter aortic valve implantation on intraoperative left ventricular end-diastolic pressure.

PubMed

Toyota, Kosaku; Ota, Takashi; Nagamine, Katsutoshi; Koide, Yasuhiro; Nomura, Takeshi; Yamanaka, Futoshi; Shishido, Koki; Tanaka, Masashi; Saito, Shigeru

2016-12-01

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for patients with aortic stenosis is a less invasive alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement. Despite this, careful anesthetic management, especially strict control of blood pressure and fluid management, is necessary. During TAVI, normalization of left ventricular afterload due to aortic balloon valvuloplasty and prosthetic valve deployment is expected to result in rapid improvement of systolic function and consequent improvement in diastolic function. However, the early effect of TAVI on left ventricular diastolic function is less clear. We hypothesized that TAVI induces a rapid decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) after valve deployment. This retrospective observational study included 71 patients who had undergone TAVI using the transfemoral approach with a balloon-expandable valve under general anesthesia. Intraoperative LVEDP was measured using an intracardiac catheter. The severity of residual aortic regurgitation (AR) was assessed using the Sellers criteria. The mean (SD) LVEDP was 17.8 (5.3) mmHg just before TAVI and increased significantly to 27.3 (8.2) mmHg immediately after prosthetic valve deployment (p < 0.0001). The change in LVEDP was 8.7 (8.6) mmHg in patients with low residual AR (Sellers ≤1) and 11.0 (7.1) mmHg in those with high residual AR (Sellers ≥2); however, this difference was not significant. No correlation was found between the LVEDP change and intraoperative fluid balance. In conclusion, LVEDP increased significantly in the early period after valve deployment during TAVI, regardless of residual AR severity. It was suggested that the tolerability of fluid load could be reduced at that time.

The influence of gender and group membership on food safety: the case of meat sellers in Bodija market, Ibadan, Nigeria.

PubMed

Grace, Delia; Olowoye, Janice; Dipeolu, Morenike; Odebode, Stella; Randolph, Thomas

2012-09-01

We describe a study to assess the bacteriological quality and safety of meat in Bodija market in Ibadan and to investigate the influence of gender and group membership on food safety. Mixed methods were used to gather information on meat safety and related socioeconomic factors. These methods included a participatory urban appraisal, focus group discussions with eight butchers' associations, in depth discussions with six key informants, a questionnaire study of 269 meat sellers and a cross-sectional survey of meat quality (200 samples from ten associations). We found that slaughter, processing and sale of beef meat take place under unhygienic conditions. The activities involve both men and women, with some task differentiation by gender. Meat sold by association members is of unacceptable quality. However, some groups have consistently better quality meat and this is positively correlated with the proportion of women members. Women also have significantly better food safety practice than men, though there was no significant difference in their knowledge of and attitude towards food safety. Most meat sellers (85 %) reported being ill in the last 2 weeks and 47 % reported experiencing gastrointestinal illness. Eating beef, eating chicken, eating offal, consuming one's own products and belonging to a group with poor quality of meat were all strong and significant predictors of self-reported gastrointestinal illness. We include that gender and group membership influence meat quality and self-reported gastrointestinal illness and that butchers' associations are promising entry points for interventions to improve food safety.

12 CFR 3.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... internal risk rating and segmentation system; risk parameter quantification system; data management and... advanced IRB systems, operational risk management processes, operational risk data and assessment systems... generated on an arm's-length basis between the seller and the obligor (intercompany accounts receivable and...

12 CFR 217.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... management and maintenance system; and control, oversight, and validation system for credit risk of wholesale... advanced IRB systems, operational risk management processes, operational risk data and assessment systems... the seller and the obligor (intercompany accounts receivable and receivables subject to contra...

Review Citations for Best-Selling Books.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Palmer, Joseph W.

1979-01-01

Compares "Book Review Digest,""Book Review Index," and "Current Book Review Citations" for their coverage of titles appearing on the best-seller lists of "Publishers Weekly." Methodology is described and results are provided for both 1976 and 1978 titles. (Author/JD)

36 CFR 7.100 - Appalachian National Scenic Trail.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... prohibited. The operation of snowmobiles is addressed in paragraph (b). (2) The use of horses or pack animals... right-of-way reserved by the seller or by public road right-of-way. You may also cross National Park...

36 CFR 7.100 - Appalachian National Scenic Trail.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... prohibited. The operation of snowmobiles is addressed in paragraph (b). (2) The use of horses or pack animals... right-of-way reserved by the seller or by public road right-of-way. You may also cross National Park...

36 CFR 7.100 - Appalachian National Scenic Trail.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... prohibited. The operation of snowmobiles is addressed in paragraph (b). (2) The use of horses or pack animals... right-of-way reserved by the seller or by public road right-of-way. You may also cross National Park...

36 CFR 7.100 - Appalachian National Scenic Trail.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... prohibited. The operation of snowmobiles is addressed in paragraph (b). (2) The use of horses or pack animals... right-of-way reserved by the seller or by public road right-of-way. You may also cross National Park...

13 CFR 120.1720 - SBA's right to review Pool Loan documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... may constitute a material failure to comply with the Program Rules and Regulations and may lead to an... Program and may restrict further sales under the Program until SBA determines that the Seller has provided...

48 CFR 50.203 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... that will enhance the protection of the nation; and (2) Provide risk management and litigation management protections for sellers of QATTs and others in the supply and distribution chain. (b) The SAFETY....203 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT...

[Effect of different bone cement dispersion types in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture].

PubMed

Zhao, Yong-Sheng; Li, Qiang; Li, Qiang; Zheng, Yan-Ping

2017-05-25

To observe different bone cement dispersion types of PVP, PKP and manipulative reduction PVP and their effects in the treatment of senile osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures and the bone cement leakage rate. The clinical data of patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures who underwent unilateral vertebroplasty from January 2012 to January 2015 was retrospectively analyzed. Of them, 56 cases including 22 males and 34 females aged from 60 to 78 years old were treated by PVP operation; Fouty-eight cases including 17 males and 31 females aged from 61 to 79 years old were treated by PKP operation; Forty-three cases including 15 males and 28 females aged from 60 to 76 years old were treated by manipulative reduction PVP operation. AP and lateral DR films were taken after the operation; the vertebral bone cement diffusion district area and mass district area were calculated with AutoCAD graphics processing software by AP and lateral DR picture, then ratio(K) of average diffusion area and mass area were calculated, defining K<50% as mass type, 50%<=K<=100% as mixed type and K>100% as diffusion type. Different bone cement dispersion types of PVP, PKP and manipulative reduction PVP operation were analyzed. According to bone cement dispersion types, patients were divided into diffusion type, mixed type and mass type groups.Visual analogue scale (VAS), vertebral body compression rate, JOA score and bone cement leakage rate were observed. All patients were followed up for 12-24 months with an average of 17.2 months. There was significant difference in bone cement dispersion type among three groups ( P <0.05). The constituent ratio of diffusion type, mixed type and mass type in PVP operation was 46.43%, 35.71%, 17.86%, in PKP was 16.67%, 37.50% , 45.83%, and in manipulative reduction PVP was 37.21%, 44.19% and 18.60%, respectively. PVP operation and manipulative reduction PVP were mainly composed of diffusion type and mixed type, while PKP was mainly composed of mass type and mixed type. There was no significant difference in VAS score, JOA score and bone cement leakage rate among three groups. There was statistically significant difference in postoperative vertebral body compression rate among three bone cement dispersion types( P <0.05), postoperative vertebral body compression rate in diffusion type group at 24 h postoperatively and final follow-up was (17.31±5.06)% and(18.58±4.91)%, respectively. In mixed type group, it was(14.21±5.15)% and(14.59±5.07)%, respectively. In mass type group, it was(13.89±5.02)% and(14.28±4.94)%, respectively. Bone cement dispersion type is different in PVP, PKP and manipulative reduction PVP operation. The bone cement dispersion of mass type and mixed type to recovery of compressed vertebral body is better than diffusion type, and there is no obvious difference in clinical effect in different bone cement dispersion type early and middle term.

A computational ab initio study of surface diffusion of sulfur on the CdTe (111) surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Naderi, Ebadollah; Ghaisas, S. V.

2016-08-01

In order to discern the formation of epitaxial growth of CdS shell over CdTe nanocrystals, kinetics related to the initial stages of the growth of CdS on CdTe is investigated using ab-initio methods. We report diffusion of sulfur adatom on the CdTe (111) A-type (Cd-terminated) and B-type (Te-terminated) surfaces within the density functional theory (DFT). The barriers are computed by applying the climbing Nudge Elastic Band (c-NEB) method. From the results surface hopping emerges as the major mode of diffusion. In addition, there is a distinct contribution from kick-out type diffusion in which a CdTe surface atom is kicked out from its position and is replaced by the diffusing sulfur atom. Also, surface vacancy substitution contributes to the concomitant dynamics. There are sites on the B- type surface that are competitively close in terms of the binding energy to the lowest energy site of epitaxy on the surface. The kick-out process is more likely for B-type surface where a Te atom of the surface is displaced by a sulfur adatom. Further, on the B-type surface, subsurface migration of sulfur is indicated. Furthermore, the binding energies of S on CdTe reveal that on the A-type surface, epitaxial sites provide relatively higher binding energies and barriers than on B-type.

A computational ab initio study of surface diffusion of sulfur on the CdTe (111) surface

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Naderi, Ebadollah, E-mail: enaderi42@gmail.com; Ghaisas, S. V.

2016-08-15

In order to discern the formation of epitaxial growth of CdS shell over CdTe nanocrystals, kinetics related to the initial stages of the growth of CdS on CdTe is investigated using ab-initio methods. We report diffusion of sulfur adatom on the CdTe (111) A-type (Cd-terminated) and B-type (Te-terminated) surfaces within the density functional theory (DFT). The barriers are computed by applying the climbing Nudge Elastic Band (c-NEB) method. From the results surface hopping emerges as the major mode of diffusion. In addition, there is a distinct contribution from kick-out type diffusion in which a CdTe surface atom is kicked outmore » from its position and is replaced by the diffusing sulfur atom. Also, surface vacancy substitution contributes to the concomitant dynamics. There are sites on the B- type surface that are competitively close in terms of the binding energy to the lowest energy site of epitaxy on the surface. The kick-out process is more likely for B-type surface where a Te atom of the surface is displaced by a sulfur adatom. Further, on the B-type surface, subsurface migration of sulfur is indicated. Furthermore, the binding energies of S on CdTe reveal that on the A-type surface, epitaxial sites provide relatively higher binding energies and barriers than on B-type.« less

26 CFR 1.1001-2 - Discharge of liabilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... − $3,300). Example 7. In 1974 E purchases a herd of cattle for breeding purposes. The purchase price is... liability and the seller's only recourse in the event of default is to the herd of cattle. In 1977 E...

26 CFR 1.1001-2 - Discharge of liabilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... − $3,300). Example 7. In 1974 E purchases a herd of cattle for breeding purposes. The purchase price is... liability and the seller's only recourse in the event of default is to the herd of cattle. In 1977 E...

26 CFR 1.1001-2 - Discharge of liabilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... cattle for breeding purposes. The purchase price is $20,000 consisting of $1,000 cash and a $19,000 note... event of default is to the herd of cattle. In 1977 E transfers the herd back to the original seller...

26 CFR 1.1001-2 - Discharge of liabilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... − $3,300). Example 7. In 1974 E purchases a herd of cattle for breeding purposes. The purchase price is... liability and the seller's only recourse in the event of default is to the herd of cattle. In 1977 E...

26 CFR 1.1001-2 - Discharge of liabilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... − $3,300). Example 7. In 1974 E purchases a herd of cattle for breeding purposes. The purchase price is... liability and the seller's only recourse in the event of default is to the herd of cattle. In 1977 E...

Citizen's Guide to Radon: The Guide to Protecting Yourself and Your Family from Radon

MedlinePlus

... Radon: The Guide to Protecting Yourself and Your Family from Radon Contains basic information about Radon in ... Radon Zones and State Contact Information Individuals and Families Radon Publications Home Buyers and Sellers Builders and ...

16 CFR 437.1 - The Rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... operating officer, financial, business opportunity marketing, training and service officers). With regard to... the management of the business opportunity seller, a statement disclosing: (i) The nature and extent... CONCERNING BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES § 437.1 The Rule. In connection with the advertising, offering, licensing...

Determination of malignancy and characterization of hepatic tumor type with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: comparison of apparent diffusion coefficient and intravoxel incoherent motion-derived measurements.

PubMed

Doblas, Sabrina; Wagner, Mathilde; Leitao, Helena S; Daire, Jean-Luc; Sinkus, Ralph; Vilgrain, Valérie; Van Beers, Bernard E

2013-10-01

The objective of this study was to compare the value of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) determined with 3 b values and the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM)-derived parameters in the determination of malignancy and characterization of hepatic tumor type. Seventy-six patients with 86 solid hepatic lesions, including 8 hemangiomas, 20 lesions of focal nodular hyperplasia, 9 adenomas, 30 hepatocellular carcinomas, 13 metastases, and 6 cholangiocarcinomas, were assessed in this prospective study. Diffusion-weighted images were acquired with 11 b values to measure the ADCs (with b = 0, 150, and 500 s/mm) and the IVIM-derived parameters, namely, the pure diffusion coefficient and the perfusion-related diffusion fraction and coefficient. The diffusion parameters were compared between benign and malignant tumors and between tumor types, and their diagnostic value in identifying tumor malignancy was assessed. The apparent and pure diffusion coefficients were significantly higher in benign than in malignant tumors (benign: 2.32 [0.87] × 10 mm/s and 1.42 [0.37] × 10 mm/s vs malignant: 1.64 [0.51] × 10 mm/s and 1.14 [0.28] × 10 mm/s, respectively; P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0005), whereas the perfusion-related diffusion parameters did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. The apparent and pure diffusion coefficients provided similar accuracy in assessing tumor malignancy (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.770 and 0.723, respectively). In the multigroup analysis, the ADC was found to be significantly higher in hemangiomas than in hepatocellular carcinomas, metastases, and cholangiocarcinomas. In the same manner, it was higher in lesions of focal nodular hyperplasia than in metastases and cholangiocarcinomas. However, the pure diffusion coefficient was significantly higher only in hemangiomas versus hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinomas. Compared with the ADC, the diffusion parameters derived from the IVIM model did not improve the determination of malignancy and characterization of hepatic tumor type.

Role of tumor–host interactions in interstitial diffusion of macromolecules: Cranial vs. subcutaneous tumors

PubMed Central

Pluen, Alain; Boucher, Yves; Ramanujan, Saroja; McKee, Trevor D.; Gohongi, Takeshi; di Tomaso, Emmanuelle; Brown, Edward B.; Izumi, Yotaro; Campbell, Robert B.; Berk, David A.; Jain, Rakesh K.

2001-01-01

The large size of many novel therapeutics impairs their transport through the tumor extracellular matrix and thus limits their therapeutic effectiveness. We propose that extracellular matrix composition, structure, and distribution determine the transport properties in tumors. Furthermore, because the characteristics of the extracellular matrix largely depend on the tumor–host interactions, we postulate that diffusion of macromolecules will vary with tumor type as well as anatomical location. Diffusion coefficients of macromolecules and liposomes in tumors growing in cranial windows (CWs) and dorsal chambers (DCs) were measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. For the same tumor types, diffusion of large molecules was significantly faster in CW than in DC tumors. The greater diffusional hindrance in DC tumors was correlated with higher levels of collagen type I and its organization into fibrils. For molecules with diameters comparable to the interfibrillar space the diffusion was 5- to 10-fold slower in DC than in CW tumors. The slower diffusion in DC tumors was associated with a higher density of host stromal cells that synthesize and organize collagen type I. Our results point to the necessity of developing site-specific drug carriers to improve the delivery of molecular medicine to solid tumors. PMID:11274375

The Harrison Diffusion Kinetics Regimes in Solute Grain Boundary Diffusion

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Belova, Irina; Fiedler, T; Kulkarni, Nagraj S

2012-01-01

Knowledge of the limits of the principal Harrison kinetics regimes (Type-A, B and C) for grain boundary diffusion is very important for the correct analysis of the depth profiles in a tracer diffusion experiment. These regimes for self-diffusion have been extensively studied in the past by making use of the phenomenological Lattice Monte Carlo (LMC) method with the result that the limits are now well established. The relationship of those self-diffusion limits to the corresponding ones for solute diffusion in the presence of solute segregation to the grain boundaries remains unclear. In the present study, the influence of solute segregationmore » on the limits is investigated with the LMC method for the well-known parallel grain boundary slab model by showing the equivalence of two diffusion models. It is shown which diffusion parameters are useful for identifying the limits of the Harrison kinetics regimes for solute grain boundary diffusion. It is also shown how the measured segregation factor from the diffusion experiment in the Harrison Type-B kinetics regime may differ from the global segregation factor.« less

Diffusion of Cd and Te adatoms on CdTe(111) surfaces: A computational study using density functional theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Naderi, Ebadollah; Nanavati, Sachin; Majumder, Chiranjib; Ghaisas, S. V.

2015-01-01

CdTe is one of the most promising semiconductor for thin-film based solar cells. Here we report a computational study of Cd and Te adatom diffusion on the CdTe (111) A-type (Cd terminated) and B-type (Te terminated) surfaces and their migration paths. The atomic and electronic structure calculations are performed under the DFT formalism and climbing Nudge Elastic Band (cNEB) method has been applied to evaluate the potential barrier of the Te and Cd diffusion. In general the minimum energy site on the surface is labeled as Aa site. In case of Te and Cd on B-type surface, the sub-surface site (a site just below the top surface) is very close in energy to the A site. This is responsible for the subsurface accumulation of adatoms and therefore, expected to influence the defect formation during growth. The diffusion process of adatoms is considered from Aa (occupied) to Aa (empty) site at the nearest distance. We have explored three possible migration paths for the adatom diffusion. The adatom surface interaction is highly dependent on the type of the surface. Typically, Te interaction with both type (5.2 eV for A-type and 3.8 eV for B-type) is stronger than Cd interactions(2.4 eV for B-type and 0.39 eV for A-type). Cd interaction with the A-type surface is very weak. The distinct behavior of the A-type and B-type surfaces perceived in our study explain the need of maintaining the A-type surface during growth for smooth and stoichiometric growth.

Dirt Cheap and Without Prescription: How Susceptible are Young US Consumers to Purchasing Drugs From Rogue Internet Pharmacies?

PubMed Central

Brookins-Fisher, Jodi; O´Boyle, Irene; Vibbert, Danielle; Erofeev, Dmitry; Fulton, Lawrence

2010-01-01

Background Websites of many rogue sellers of medications are accessible through links in email spam messages or via web search engines. This study examined how well students enrolled in a U.S. higher education institution could identify clearly unsafe pharmacies. Objective The aim is to estimate these health consumers´ vulnerability to fraud by illegitimate Internet pharmacies. Methods Two Internet pharmacy websites, created specifically for this study, displayed multiple untrustworthy features modeled after five actual Internet drug sellers which the authors considered to be potentially dangerous to consumers. The websites had none of the safe pharmacy signs and nearly all of the danger signs specified in the Food and Drug Administration´s (FDA´s) guide to consumers. Participants were told that a neighborhood pharmacy charged US$165 for a one-month supply of Beozine, a bogus drug to ensure no pre-existing knowledge. After checking its price at two Internet pharmacies—$37.99 in pharmacy A and $57.60 in pharmacy B—the respondents were asked to indicate if each seller was a good place to buy the drug. Responses came from 1,914 undergraduate students who completed an online eHealth literacy assessment in 2005-2008. Participation rate was 78%. Results In response to "On a scale from 0-10, how good is this pharmacy as a place for buying Beozine?" many respondents gave favorable ratings. Specifically, 50% of students who reviewed pharmacy A and 37% of students who reviewed pharmacy B chose a rating above the scale midpoint. When explaining a low drug cost, these raters related it to low operation costs, ad revenue, pressure to lower costs due to comparison shopping, and/or high sales volume. Those who said that pharmacy A or B was "a very bad place" for purchasing the drug (25%), as defined by a score of 1 or less, related low drug cost to lack of regulation, low drug quality, and/or customer information sales. About 16% of students thought that people should be advised to buy cheaper drugs at pharmacies such as these but the majority (62%) suggested that people should be warned against buying drugs from such internet sellers. Over 22% of respondents would recommend pharmacy A to friends and family (10% pharmacy B). One-third of participants supplied online health information to others for decision-making purposes. After controlling for the effects of education, health major, and age, these respondents had significantly worse judgment of Internet pharmacies than those who did not act as information suppliers. Conclusions At least a quarter of students, including those in health programs, cannot see multiple signs of danger displayed by rogue Internet pharmacies. Many more are likely to be misled by online sellers that use professional design, veil untrustworthy features, and mimic reputable websites. Online health information consumers would benefit from education initiatives that (1) communicate why it can be dangerous to buy medications online and that (2) develop their information evaluation skills. This study highlights the importance of regulating rogue Internet pharmacies and curbing the danger they pose to consumers. PMID:20439253

Dirt cheap and without prescription: how susceptible are young US consumers to purchasing drugs from rogue internet pharmacies?

PubMed

Ivanitskaya, Lana; Brookins-Fisher, Jodi; O Boyle, Irene; Vibbert, Danielle; Erofeev, Dmitry; Fulton, Lawrence

2010-04-26

Websites of many rogue sellers of medications are accessible through links in email spam messages or via web search engines. This study examined how well students enrolled in a U.S. higher education institution could identify clearly unsafe pharmacies. The aim is to estimate these health consumers vulnerability to fraud by illegitimate Internet pharmacies. Two Internet pharmacy websites, created specifically for this study, displayed multiple untrustworthy features modeled after five actual Internet drug sellers which the authors considered to be potentially dangerous to consumers. The websites had none of the safe pharmacy signs and nearly all of the danger signs specified in the Food and Drug Administration s (FDA s) guide to consumers. Participants were told that a neighborhood pharmacy charged US$165 for a one-month supply of Beozine, a bogus drug to ensure no pre-existing knowledge. After checking its price at two Internet pharmacies-$37.99 in pharmacy A and $57.60 in pharmacy B-the respondents were asked to indicate if each seller was a good place to buy the drug. Responses came from 1,914 undergraduate students who completed an online eHealth literacy assessment in 2005-2008. Participation rate was 78%. In response to "On a scale from 0-10, how good is this pharmacy as a place for buying Beozine?" many respondents gave favorable ratings. Specifically, 50% of students who reviewed pharmacy A and 37% of students who reviewed pharmacy B chose a rating above the scale midpoint. When explaining a low drug cost, these raters related it to low operation costs, ad revenue, pressure to lower costs due to comparison shopping, and/or high sales volume. Those who said that pharmacy A or B was "a very bad place" for purchasing the drug (25%), as defined by a score of 1 or less, related low drug cost to lack of regulation, low drug quality, and/or customer information sales. About 16% of students thought that people should be advised to buy cheaper drugs at pharmacies such as these but the majority (62%) suggested that people should be warned against buying drugs from such internet sellers. Over 22% of respondents would recommend pharmacy A to friends and family (10% pharmacy B). One-third of participants supplied online health information to others for decision-making purposes. After controlling for the effects of education, health major, and age, these respondents had significantly worse judgment of Internet pharmacies than those who did not act as information suppliers. At least a quarter of students, including those in health programs, cannot see multiple signs of danger displayed by rogue Internet pharmacies. Many more are likely to be misled by online sellers that use professional design, veil untrustworthy features, and mimic reputable websites. Online health information consumers would benefit from education initiatives that (1) communicate why it can be dangerous to buy medications online and that (2) develop their information evaluation skills. This study highlights the importance of regulating rogue Internet pharmacies and curbing the danger they pose to consumers.

Advertising on the Internet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jugenheimer, Donald W.

1996-01-01

States that although many advertisers have intentions of utilizing the Internet for advertising, which can provide specific audience targeting and buyer/seller interactivity, few have been successful. Explains advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet for advertising purposes. Cites special problems with Internet advertising and successes…

77 FR 20379 - San Diego Gas &

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-04

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket No. EL00-95-000, et al.] San Diego Gas & Electric Company v. Sellers of Energy and Ancillary Services Into Markets Operated by the California Independent System Operator Corporation and the California Power Exchange; Notice of Designation...

50 CFR 697.27 - Trap transferability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) Trap allocation transfers must be approved by the Regional Administrator before becoming effective. The Regional Administrator shall approve a transfer upon a showing by the involved permit holders of the... allocation to transfer, the Regional Administrator will calculate the seller's pre-transfer and post-transfer...

Effects of radial diffuser hydraulic design on a double-suction centrifugal pump

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hou, H. C.; Zhang, Y. X.; Xu, C.; Zhang, J. Y.; Li, Z. L.

2016-05-01

In order to study effects of radial diffuser on hydraulic performance of crude oil pump, the steady CFD numerical method is applied and one large double-suction oil pump running in long-distance pipeline is considered. The research focuses on analysing the influence of its diffuser vane profile on hydraulic performance of oil pump. The four different types of cylindrical vane have been designed by in-house codes mainly including double arcs (DA), triple arcs (TA), equiangular spiral line (ES) and linear variable angle spiral line (LVS). During design process diffuser vane angles at inlet and outlet are tentatively given within a certain range and then the wrapping angle of the four types of diffuser vanes can be calculated automatically. Under the given inlet and outlet angles, the linear variable angle spiral line profile has the biggest wrapping angle and profile length which is good to delay channel diffusion but bring more friction hydraulic loss. Finally the vane camber line is thickened at the certain uniform thickness distribution and the 3D diffuser models are generated. The whole flow passage of oil pump with different types of diffusers under various flow rate conditions are numerically simulated based on RNG k-ɛ turbulent model and SIMPLEC algorithm. The numerical results show that different types of diffusers can bring about great difference on the hydraulic performance of oil pump, of which the ES profile diffuser with its proper setting angle shows the best hydraulic performance and its inner flow field is improved obviously. Compared with the head data from model sample, all designed diffusers can make a certain improvement on head characteristic. At the large flow rate conditions the hydraulic efficiency increases obviously and the best efficiency point shift to the large flow rate range. The ES profile diffuser embodies the better advantages on pump performance which can be explained theoretically that the diffuser actually acts as a diffusion device and is good to transform the dynamic energy to pressure energy. Then through the hydraulic loss analysis of each pump component for all diffusers, it shows that the impeller takes up the biggest part of the whole loss about 8.19% averagely, the radial diffuser about 3.70% and the volute about 1.65%. The hydraulic loss of impeller is dominant at the large flow rate while the radial diffuser is at the small flow rate. Among all diffusers, the ES profile diffuser generates the least loss and combined to the distribution of velocity vector and turbulent kinetic energy for two kinds of diffusers it also shows that ES profile is fit to apply in radial diffuser. This research can offer a significant reference for the radial diffuser hydraulic design of such centrifugal pumps.

White matter changes after stroke in type 2 diabetic rats measured by diffusion magnetic resonance imaging.

PubMed

Ding, Guangliang; Chen, Jieli; Chopp, Michael; Li, Lian; Yan, Tao; Davoodi-Bojd, Esmaeil; Li, Qingjiang; Davarani, Siamak Pn; Jiang, Quan

2017-01-01

Diffusion-related magnetic resonance imaging parametric maps may be employed to characterize white matter of brain. We hypothesize that entropy of diffusion anisotropy may be most effective for detecting therapeutic effects of bone marrow stromal cell treatment of ischemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced in adult male Wistar rats. These rats were then subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion, and received bone marrow stromal cell (5 × 10 6 , n = 8) or an equal volume of saline (n = 8) via tail vein injection at three days after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on day one and then weekly for five weeks post middle cerebral artery occlusion. The diffusion metrics complementarily permitted characterization of axons and axonal myelination. All six magnetic resonance imaging diffusion metrics, confirmed by histological measures, demonstrated that bone marrow stromal cell treatment significantly (p < 0.05) improved magnetic resonance imaging diffusion indices of white matter in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion compared with the saline-treated rats. Superior to the fractional anisotropy metric that provided measures related to organization of neuronal fiber bundles, the entropy metric can also identify microstructures and low-density axonal fibers of cerebral tissue after stroke in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. © The Author(s) 2015.

White matter changes after stroke in type 2 diabetic rats measured by diffusion magnetic resonance imaging

PubMed Central

Ding, Guangliang; Chen, Jieli; Chopp, Michael; Li, Lian; Yan, Tao; Davoodi-Bojd, Esmaeil; Li, Qingjiang; Davarani, Siamak PN

2015-01-01

Diffusion-related magnetic resonance imaging parametric maps may be employed to characterize white matter of brain. We hypothesize that entropy of diffusion anisotropy may be most effective for detecting therapeutic effects of bone marrow stromal cell treatment of ischemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced in adult male Wistar rats. These rats were then subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion, and received bone marrow stromal cell (5 × 106, n = 8) or an equal volume of saline (n = 8) via tail vein injection at three days after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on day one and then weekly for five weeks post middle cerebral artery occlusion. The diffusion metrics complementarily permitted characterization of axons and axonal myelination. All six magnetic resonance imaging diffusion metrics, confirmed by histological measures, demonstrated that bone marrow stromal cell treatment significantly (p < 0.05) improved magnetic resonance imaging diffusion indices of white matter in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion compared with the saline-treated rats. Superior to the fractional anisotropy metric that provided measures related to organization of neuronal fiber bundles, the entropy metric can also identify microstructures and low-density axonal fibers of cerebral tissue after stroke in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. PMID:26685128

Blood markers of inflammation and coagulation and exposure to airborne particles in employees in the Stockholm underground.

PubMed

Bigert, C; Alderling, M; Svartengren, M; Plato, N; de Faire, U; Gustavsson, P

2008-10-01

Although associations have been found between levels of ambient airborne particles and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population, little is known about possible cardiovascular effects from high exposure to particles in underground railway systems. This study investigates risk markers for CVD in employees exposed to particles in the Stockholm underground system. 79 workers (54 men and 25 women) in the Stockholm underground were investigated between November 2004 and March 2005. All were non-smokers aged 25-50 years. Three exposure groups were delineated: 29 platform workers with high exposure to particles, 29 train drivers with medium exposure and 21 ticket sellers with low exposure (control group). A baseline blood sample was taken after 2 non-working days, and a second sample after 2 working days, for analysis of levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor and factor VII. The study investigated changes in plasma concentrations between sample 1 and sample 2, and differences in average concentrations between the groups. No changes between sample 1 and 2 were found that could be attributed to particle exposure. However, the highly exposed platform workers were found to have higher plasma concentrations of PAI-1 and hs-CRP than the ticket sellers and train drivers. This suggests that particle exposure could have a long-term inflammatory effect. These differences remained for PAI-1 in the comparison between platform workers and ticket sellers after adjusting for body mass index. Employees who were highly exposed to airborne particles in the Stockholm underground tended to have elevated levels of risk markers for CVD relative to employees with low exposure. However, the differences observed cannot definitely be linked to particle exposure as such.

Men Selling Sex to Men in Sweden: Balancing Safety and Risk.

PubMed

Kuosmanen, Jari; de Cabo, Annelie

2018-04-01

The purpose of this study is to examine how men who sell sex to men perceive the risks in this activity and what experiences they have of actual denigration, threats, and violence in their relations with customers. We also discuss the self-defense strategies they have used to protect themselves. The study is based on an Internet survey on Swedish websites. Statistical analyses have been carried out, and in interpreting the results, Finkelhor and Asdigian's revised routine activities theory has been used. The results show that the vulnerability of sellers of sex is greatest during the time when the sexual act is being performed, and that this is primarily linked to the customer's antagonism and seeking gratification by overstepping agreed boundaries, particularly with regard to sexual services including BDSM. Their vulnerability was also connected to the seller's diminished capacity for self-protection due to personal and external pressures. A smaller proportion of the men described risk prevention activities. These involved refusing a customer after an initial contact, protecting themselves from infection, being on their guard during the whole process, selecting the place, and deciding not to carry out certain sexual acts. An important implication concerns the occupational health and safety that men who sell sex to men can develop for themselves, while remaining within the law. International studies have demonstrated that selling sex in collective, indoor forms provides the greatest security. For decades, Swedish prostitution policy has had the ambition of reducing prostitution through targeting those who purchase sex, and those who promote prostitution in criminal legislation. This effectively prevents more systematic and collective attempts to create safer conditions for selling sex. In conclusion, it can be stated that while it is legal to sell sex in Sweden, this is done at the seller's own risk.

2D and 3D MOCART scoring systems assessed by 9.4 T high-field MRI correlate with elementary and complex histological scoring systems in a translational model of osteochondral repair.

PubMed

Goebel, L; Zurakowski, D; Müller, A; Pape, D; Cucchiarini, M; Madry, H

2014-10-01

To compare the 2D and 3D MOCART system obtained with 9.4 T high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the ex vivo analysis of osteochondral repair in a translational model and to correlate the data with semiquantitative histological analysis. Osteochondral samples representing all levels of repair (sheep medial femoral condyles; n = 38) were scanned in a 9.4 T high-field MRI. The 2D and adapted 3D MOCART systems were used for grading after point allocation to each category. Each score was correlated with corresponding reconstructions between both MOCART systems. Data were next correlated with corresponding categories of an elementary (Wakitani) and a complex (Sellers) histological scoring system as gold standards. Correlations between most 2D and 3D MOCART score categories were high, while mean total point values of 3D MOCART scores tended to be 15.8-16.1 points higher compared to the 2D MOCART scores based on a Bland-Altman analysis. "Defect fill" and "total points" of both MOCART scores correlated with corresponding categories of Wakitani and Sellers scores (all P ≤ 0.05). "Subchondral bone plate" also correlated between 3D MOCART and Sellers scores (P < 0.001). Most categories of the 2D and 3D MOCART systems correlate, while total scores were generally higher using the 3D MOCART system. Structural categories "total points" and "defect fill" can reliably be assessed by 9.4 T MRI evaluation using either system, "subchondral bone plate" using the 3D MOCART score. High-field MRI is valuable to objectively evaluate osteochondral repair in translational settings. Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Leonardo DiCaprio visited Goddard Saturday to discuss Earth science with Piers Sellers

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

Academy Award®- winning actor and environmental activist Leonardo DiCaprio visited NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland on Saturday, April 23, 2016. During his visit, Mr. DiCaprio interviewed Dr. Piers Sellers, an Earth scientist, former astronaut and current deputy director of Goddard’s Sciences and Exploration Directorate. The two discussed the different missions NASA has underway to study changes in the Earth’s atmosphere, water and land masses for a climate change documentary that Mr. DiCaprio has in production. Using a wall-size, high-definition display system that shows visual representations based on actual science data, Mr. DiCaprio and Dr. Sellers discussed data results from NASA’s fleet of satellites in Earth’s orbit. The background visual shows the biosphere with data from a NASA satellite instrument called the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS). svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=10704 During his visit, Mr. DiCaprio also visited the facility holding NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope that is being developed as a large infrared telescope with a 6.5-meter primary mirror. The telescope will be launched on an Ariane 5 rocket from French Guiana in October of 2018, and will be a premier observatory of the next decade, serving thousands of astronomers worldwide. Credit: NASA/Goddard/Rebecca Roth NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

Leonardo DiCaprio visited Goddard Saturday to discuss Earth science with Piers Sellers

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

Academy Award®- winning actor and environmental activist Leonardo DiCaprio visited NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland on Saturday, April 23, 2016. During his visit, Mr. DiCaprio interviewed Dr. Piers Sellers, an Earth scientist, former astronaut and current deputy director of Goddard’s Sciences and Exploration Directorate. The two discussed the different missions NASA has underway to study changes in the Earth’s atmosphere, water and land masses for a climate change documentary that Mr. DiCaprio has in production. Using a wall-size, high-definition display system that shows visual representations based on actual science data, Mr. DiCaprio and Dr. Sellers discussed data results from NASA’s fleet of satellites in Earth’s orbit. The visual shows Hurricane Sandy. The visual uses data from Goddard Earth Observing System Model, Version 5 (GEOS-5) to simulate surface wind speeds across the Atlantic during Sandy’s lifecycle. svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=30465 During his visit, Mr. DiCaprio also visited the facility holding NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope that is being developed as a large infrared telescope with a 6.5-meter primary mirror. The telescope will be launched on an Ariane 5 rocket from French Guiana in October of 2018, and will be a premier observatory of the next decade, serving thousands of astronomers worldwide. Credit: NASA/Goddard/Rebecca Roth NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

Correction to white-johnson, ford, and sellers (2010).

PubMed

2015-01-01

Reports an error in "Parental racial socialization profiles: Association with demographic factors, racial discrimination, childhood socialization, and racial identity" by Rhonda L. White-Johnson, Kahlil R. Ford and Robert M. Sellers (Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 2010[Apr], Vol 16[2], 237-247). In the article, there was an error in the Measures subsection. The following citation should have been included in the third paragraph " Mothers' childhood racial socialization experiences. Prior racial socialization messages were assessed using four items adapted from the Comprehensive Race Socialization Inventory (Lesane- Brown, Brown, Caldwell, & Sellers, 2005)." Additionally, the included reference should have been included in the Reference section. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2010-07475-016.) The authors examined patterns of racial socialization practices in a sample of 212 African American mothers. They investigated the relation between parent profiles of racial socialization messages with child and parent demographic factors and race-related experiences, as well as parent racial identity attitudes. Using latent class analyses, the authors identified 3 patterns of parent-reported racial socialization experiences: multifaceted, low race salience, and unengaged. In general, findings indicate that mothers in the multifaceted profile were more educated, experienced more racial discrimination, and talked about race during their childhood more than mothers in the unengaged profile. The multifaceted profile also differed from the low race salience and unengaged profiles on several racial identity dimensions. Although the patterned approach used in this study lends itself to a more complex study of racial socialization in future research, it also highlights the associations between parent's race-relevant experiences and the messages they communicate to their children about race. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

Auction-based distributed efficient economic operations of microgrid systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zou, Suli; Ma, Zhongjing; Liu, Xiangdong

2014-12-01

This paper studies the economic operations of the microgrid in a distributed way such that the operational schedule of each of the units, like generators, load units, storage units, etc., in a microgrid system, is implemented by autonomous agents. We apply and generalise the progressive second price (PSP) auction mechanism which was proposed by Lazar and Semret to efficiently allocate the divisible network resources. Considering the economic operation for the microgrid systems, the generators play as sellers to supply energy and the load units play as the buyers to consume energy, while a storage unit, like battery, super capacitor, etc., may transit between buyer and seller, such that it is a buyer when it charges and becomes a seller when it discharges. Furthermore in a connected mode, each individual unit competes against not only the other individual units in the microgrid but also the exogenous main grid possessing fixed electricity price and infinite trade capacity; that is to say, the auctioneer assigns the electricity among all individual units and the main grid with respect to the submitted bid strategies of all individual units in the microgrid in an economic way. Due to these distinct characteristics, the underlying auction games are distinct from those studied in the literature. We show that under mild conditions, the efficient economic operation strategy is a Nash equilibrium (NE) for the PSP auction games, and propose a distributed algorithm under which the system can converge to an NE. We also show that the performance of worst NE can be bounded with respect to the system parameters, say the energy trading price with the main grid, and based upon that, the implemented NE is unique and efficient under some conditions.

Measurement of minority carrier diffusion lengths in GaAs nanowires by a nanoprobe technique

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Darbandi, A.; Watkins, S. P., E-mail: simonw@sfu.ca

Minority carrier diffusion lengths in both p-type and n-type GaAs nanowires were studied using electron beam induced current by means of a nanoprobe technique without lithographic processing. The diffusion lengths were determined for Au/GaAs rectifying junctions as well as axial p-n junctions. By incorporating a thin lattice-matched InGaP passivating shell, a 2-fold enhancement in the minority carrier diffusion lengths and one order of magnitude reduction in the surface recombination velocity were achieved.

3D-CFD analysis of diffusion and emission of VOCs in a FLEC cavity.

PubMed

Zhu, Q; Kato, S; Murakami, S; Ito, K

2007-06-01

This study is performed as a part of research that examines the emission and diffusion characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from indoor building materials. In this paper, the flow field and the emission field of VOCs from the surface of building materials in a Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC) cavity are examined by 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. The flow field within the FLEC cavity is laminar. With a total flow of 250 ml/min, the air velocity near the test material surface ranges from 0.1 to 4.5 cm/s. Three types of emission from building materials are studied here: (i) emission phenomena controlled by internal diffusion, (ii) emission phenomena controlled by external diffusion, and (iii) emission phenomena controlled by mixed diffusion (internal + external diffusion). In the case of internal diffusion material, with respect to the concentration distribution in the cavity, the local VOC emission rate becomes uniform and the FLEC works well. However, in the case of evaporation type (external diffusion) material, or mixed type materials (internal + external diffusion) when the resistance to transporting VOCs in the material is small, the FLEC is not suitable for emission testing because of the thin FLEC cavity. In this case, the mean emission rate is restricted to a small value, since the VOC concentration in the cavity rises to the same value as the surface concentration through molecular diffusion within the thin cavity, and the concentration gradient normal to the surface becomes small. The diffusion field and emission rate depend on the cavity concentration and on the Loading Factor. That is, when the testing material surface in the cavity is partially sealed to decrease the Loading Factor, the emission rate become higher with the decrease in the exposed area of the testing material. The flow field and diffusion field within the FLEC cavity are investigated by CFD method. After presenting a summary of the velocity distributed over the surface of test material and the emission properties of different type materials in FLEC, the paper pointed out that there is a bias in the airflow inside the FLEC cavity but do not influence the result of test emission rate, and the FLEC method is unsuitable for evaporation type materials in which the mass transfer of the surface controls the emission rate.

Ibrutinib Before and After Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma

ClinicalTrials.gov

2018-06-25

Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Activated B-Cell Type; Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified; High Grade B-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified; Recurrent Burkitt Lymphoma; Recurrent Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma; Refractory Burkitt Lymphoma; Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Plasma Diffusion in Self-Consistent Fluctuations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smets, R.; Belmont, G.; Aunai, N.

2012-01-01

The problem of particle diffusion in position space, as a consequence ofeleclromagnetic fluctuations is addressed. Numerical results obtained with a self-consistent hybrid code are presented, and a method to calculate diffusion coefficient in the direction perpendicular to the mean magnetic field is proposed. The diffusion is estimated for two different types of fluctuations. The first type (resuiting from an agyrotropic in itiai setting)is stationary, wide band white noise, and associated to Gaussian probability distribution function for the magnetic fluctuations. The second type (result ing from a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability) is non-stationary, with a power-law spectrum, and a non-Gaussian probabi lity distribution function. The results of the study allow revisiting the question of loading particles of solar wind origin in the Earth magnetosphere.

76 FR 77991 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-15

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 1 Take notice...-000. Applicants: Sandy Ridge Wind, LLC. Description: Request for Category 1 Seller Status to be.... Docket Numbers: ER12-571-000. Applicants: Chestnut Flats Wind, LLC. Description: Request for Category 1...

6 CFR 25.5 - Obligations of seller.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Domestic Security DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY REGULATIONS TO SUPPORT ANTI... Terrorism when Qualified Anti-Terrorism Technologies have been deployed in defense against, response to, or... liability insurance offered on the world market; (vi) Data and history regarding mass casualty losses; (vii...

16 CFR 240.14 - Meeting competition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Meeting competition. 240.14 Section 240.14 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION GUIDES AND TRADE PRACTICE RULES GUIDES FOR ADVERTISING ALLOWANCES AND OTHER MERCHANDISING PAYMENTS AND SERVICES § 240.14 Meeting competition. A seller charged with...

THE EPA'S ROLE IN PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT - PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

EPA Science Inventory

Some say environmentalism started with Rachel Carson's book entitled Silent Spring. This best seller in addition to decades of the effects of pollution on people's lives surely contributed to help shift public opinion regarding the environment. This "shift" culminated with the bi...

Pollution Solution

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vannan, Donald A.

1972-01-01

Stresses briefly the need for individuals' actions for controlling the environmental pollution. A number of projects are suggested for teachers to involve children in this area. Simulated discussion groups of sellers'' and consumers, use of pictures, onion juice, and a water filtration contest are a few of the sources used. (PS)

77 FR 71208 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-29

... Government Entities) of the Internal Revenue Service to give advice on filing letter ruling, determination... be registered and the purchaser must give the seller a resale certificate. Affected Public: Private... collection. Title: Revenue Procedure 2011-4 (Letter Rulings), Revenue Procedure 2011-5 (Technical Advice...

STS-112 crew in their sleep restraints on the orbiter middeck

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-10-18

STS112-345-028 (7-18 October 2002) --- The STS-112 crewmembers sleep on the middeck of the Space Shuttle Atlantis. Pictured are astronauts Sandra H. Magnus, David A. Wolf, Piers J. Sellers, mission specialists, and Jeffrey S. Ashby, mission commander.

76 FR 1640 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comments Requested

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-11

... of Information Collection Under Review: Prevent All Cigarette Trafficking (PACT) Act Registration... Cigarette Trafficking (PACT) Act Registration Form. (3) Agency form number, if any, and the applicable... this information collection is to register delivery sellers of cigarettes and/or smokeless tobacco...

18 CFR 35.39 - Affiliate restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Sales of Electric Energy, Capacity and Ancillary Services at Market-Based Rates § 35.39 Affiliate... authority, the conditions provided in this section, including the restriction on affiliate sales of electric... the Seller's market-based rate tariff. (b) Restriction on affiliate sales of electric energy or...

16 CFR 436.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

.... (e) Financial performance representation means any representation, including any oral, written, or... seller promises or represents, orally or in writing, that: (1) The franchisee will obtain the right to... commercial symbols. (w) Written or in writing means any document or information in printed form or in any...

International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-07-08

The shadows of astronauts Piers J. Sellers and Michael E. Fossum, STS-121 mission specialists, who are anchored to the Space Shuttle Discovery's Remote Manipulator System/Orbiter Boom Sensor System (RMS/OBSS) foot restraint, are visible against a shuttle's payload bay door during a session of extravehicular activity (EVA).

Continuum mesoscopic framework for multiple interacting species and processes on multiple site types and/or crystallographic planes.

PubMed

Chatterjee, Abhijit; Vlachos, Dionisios G

2007-07-21

While recently derived continuum mesoscopic equations successfully bridge the gap between microscopic and macroscopic physics, so far they have been derived only for simple lattice models. In this paper, general deterministic continuum mesoscopic equations are derived rigorously via nonequilibrium statistical mechanics to account for multiple interacting surface species and multiple processes on multiple site types and/or different crystallographic planes. Adsorption, desorption, reaction, and surface diffusion are modeled. It is demonstrated that contrary to conventional phenomenological continuum models, microscopic physics, such as the interaction potential, determines the final form of the mesoscopic equation. Models of single component diffusion and binary diffusion of interacting particles on single-type site lattice and of single component diffusion on complex microporous materials' lattices consisting of two types of sites are derived, as illustrations of the mesoscopic framework. Simplification of the diffusion mesoscopic model illustrates the relation to phenomenological models, such as the Fickian and Maxwell-Stefan transport models. It is demonstrated that the mesoscopic equations are in good agreement with lattice kinetic Monte Carlo simulations for several prototype examples studied.

STS-112 crew walks out of O&C building before launch

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The STS-112 crew wave to spectators as they exit the Operations and Checkout Building for their ride to Launch Pad 39B and the launch scheduled 3:46 p.m. EDT. Leading the way are Pilot Pamela Melroy and Commander Jeffrey Ashby. In the second row are Mission Specialists David Wolf (left) and Sandra Magnus. Behind them are Mission Specialists Fyodor Yurchikhin and Piers Sellers. Sellers, Magnus and Yurchikhin are making their first Shuttle flights. STS-112 is the 15th assembly flight to the International Space Station, carrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure, the first starboard truss segment, to be attached to the central truss segment, S0, and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart A. The CETA is the first of two human-powered carts that will ride along the ISS railway, providing mobile work platforms for future spacewalking astronauts. On the 11-day mission, three spacewalks are planned to attach the S1 truss to the Station.

STS-112 Crew exit O&C building before launch

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The STS-112 crew eagerly exit the Operations and Checkout Building for their ride to Launch Pad 39B and the launch scheduled 3:46 p.m. EDT. Leading the way are Pilot Pamela Melroy and Commander Jeffrey Ashby. In the second row are Mission Specialists David Wolf (left) and Sandra Magnus. Behind them are Mission Specialists Fyodor Yurchikhin and Piers Sellers. Sellers, Magnus and Yurchikhin are making their first Shuttle flights. STS-112 is the 15th assembly flight to the International Space Station, carrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure, the first starboard truss segment, to be attached to the central truss segment, S0, and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart A. The CETA is the first of two human-powered carts that will ride along the ISS railway, providing mobile work platforms for future spacewalking astronauts. On the 11-day mission, three spacewalks are planned to attach the S1 truss to the Station. [Photo courtesy of Scott Andrews

STS-121: Discovery Pre-Flight Crew News Briefing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2006-01-01

The STS-121 crew is shown during this pre-flight news briefing. Steve Lindsey, Commander, begins with saying that they are only a few weeks from flight and the vehicle is in good shape. Mark Kelly, Pilot, is introduced by Lindsey and he discusses Kelly's main objective which is to direct the three spacewalks scheduled. Kelly introduces Mike Fossum, Mission Specialist. Kelly says that Fossum will be involved in three spacewalks. Fossum introduces Lisa Nowak, Mission Specialist, who is involved in robotics. Also Stephanie Wilson, Mission Specialist, will be involved in robotics. Piers Sellers, Mission Specialist, is introduced by Wilson, who is the lead spacewalker for this mission. Sellers then introduce Thomas Reiter, Mission Specialist, who is involved in spacewalks. The educational background of each crew member is given. Questions from the news media on the subjects of long term flights on the International Space Station, Ice frost ramp replacement, Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS) stability, foam loss during STS-114 flight, duration of the mission, and mental preparation for test flights are addressed.

Specialized due diligence called for on Medicare/Medicaid issues in health care acquisitions.

PubMed

Vernaglia, Lawrence W; Herman, Dimitry S; Ziegler, Rachel Schneller

2005-01-01

A careful and comprehensive due diligence process is mission-critical to the success of any complex business acquisition. In heavily regulated industries such as health care, a buyer's greatest risks can arise from practices relating to Medicare, Medicaid, and other governmental payors. In particular, the rules of "successor liability" for the seller's sins are fundamentally different in a health care transaction than in other traditional corporate acquisitions. These liabilities may attach not only for expected business debts, but also for unexpected and draconian penalties available as remedies under the False Claims Act, Civil Money Penalties Law, and a number of other enforcement authorities. In addition, because critical cash flow depends on accepting certain liabilities of the seller, in the health care context these risks may be voluntarily assumed. Thus, here, due diligence is not just about finding "deal breakers," it is about helping the provider's management team understand the financial and risk-management components of the transaction at hand.

Distinguishing manipulated stocks via trading network analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Xiao-Qian; Cheng, Xue-Qi; Shen, Hua-Wei; Wang, Zhao-Yang

2011-10-01

Manipulation is an important issue for both developed and emerging stock markets. For the study of manipulation, it is critical to analyze investor behavior in the stock market. In this paper, an analysis of the full transaction records of over a hundred stocks in a one-year period is conducted. For each stock, a trading network is constructed to characterize the relations among its investors. In trading networks, nodes represent investors and a directed link connects a stock seller to a buyer with the total trade size as the weight of the link, and the node strength is the sum of all edge weights of a node. For all these trading networks, we find that the node degree and node strength both have tails following a power-law distribution. Compared with non-manipulated stocks, manipulated stocks have a high lower bound of the power-law tail, a high average degree of the trading network and a low correlation between the price return and the seller-buyer ratio. These findings may help us to detect manipulated stocks.

Gang Membership, Drug Selling, and Violence in Neighborhood Context

PubMed Central

Bellair, Paul E.; McNulty, Thomas L.

2014-01-01

A prominent perspective in the gang literature suggests that gang member involvement in drug selling does not necessarily increase violent behavior. In addition it is unclear from previous research whether neighborhood disadvantage strengthens that relationship. We address those issues by testing hypotheses regarding the confluence of neighborhood disadvantage, gang membership, drug selling, and violent behavior. A three-level hierarchical model is estimated from the first five waves of the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, matched with block-group characteristics from the 2000 U.S. Census. Results indicate that (1) gang members who sell drugs are significantly more violent than gang members that don’t sell drugs and drug sellers that don’t belong to gangs; (2) drug sellers that don’t belong to gangs and gang members who don’t sell drugs engage in comparable levels of violence; and (3) an increase in neighborhood disadvantaged intensifies the effect of gang membership on violence, especially among gang members that sell drugs. PMID:25429188

Cancer related gene alterations can be detected with next-generation sequencing analysis of bile in diffusely infiltrating type cholangiocarcinoma.

PubMed

Lee, Chang Hun; Wang, Hong En; Seo, Seung Young; Kim, Seong Hun; Kim, In Hee; Kim, Sang Wook; Lee, Soo Teik; Kim, Dae Ghon; Han, Myung Kwan; Lee, Seung Ok

2016-08-01

Genome-wide association study in diffusely infiltrating type cholangiocarcinoma (CC) can be limited due to the difficulty of obtaining tumor tissue. We aimed to evaluate the genomic alterations of diffusely infiltrating type CC using next-generation sequencing (NGS) of bile and to compare the variations with those of mass-forming type CC. A total of 24 bile samples obtained during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and 17 surgically obtained tumor tissue samples were evaluated. Buffy coat and normal tissue samples were used as controls for a somatic mutation analysis. After extraction of genomic DNA, NGS analysis was performed for 48 cancer related genes. There were 27 men and 14 women with a mean age of 65.0±11.8years. The amount of extracted genomic DNA from 3cm(3) of bile was 66.0±84.7μg and revealed a high depth of sequencing coverage. All of the patients had genomic variations, with an average number of 19.4±2.8 and 22.3±3.3 alterations per patient from the bile and tumor tissue, respectively. After filtering process, damaging SNPs (8 sites for each type of CC) were predicted by analyzing tools, and their target genes showed relevant differences between the diffusely infiltrating and mass-forming type CC. Finally, in somatic mutation analysis, tumor-normal paired 14 tissue and 6 bile samples were analyzed, genomic alterations of EGFR, FGFR1, ABL1, PIK3CA, and CDKN2A gene were seen in the diffusely infiltrating type CC, and TP53, KRAS, APC, GNA11, ERBB4, ATM, SMAD4, BRAF, and IDH1 were altered in the mass-forming type CC group. STK11, GNAQ, RB1, KDR, and SMO genes were revealed in both groups. The NGS analysis was feasible with bile sample and diffusely infiltrating type CC revealed genetic differences compared with mass-forming type CC. Genome-wide association study could be performed using bile sample in the patients with CC undergoing ERCP and a different genetic approach for accurate diagnosis, pathogenesis study, and targeted therapy will be needed in diffusely infiltrating type CC. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Diffusion of chains in a periodic potential

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Terranova, G. R.; Mártin, H. O.; Aldao, C. M.

2017-09-01

We studied the diffusion of 1D rigid chains in a square wave potential of period T. We considered chains of type A (composed of N particles A) and chains of type A-B (composed of N/2 particles A and N/2 particles B). The square wave potential represents domains, a lamellar structure observed for block copolymers, in which the repulsive δ energy between each A particle (B particle) of the chain and B particles (A particles) of the medium where the chains diffuse. From Monte Carlo simulations and analytical results it is found that the normalized diffusivity D, for N\\ll T , presents a universal behavior as a function of X  =  Nδ for chains of type A and X  =  (Nδ  -  lnT 2) for chains of type A-B, with and exponential decay for large values of X. For fixed values of δ and T, D is a periodic function of N with period T and 2T for chains of type A and type A-B, respectively.

Thermodynamics of viscoelastic rate-type fluids with stress diffusion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Málek, Josef; Průša, Vít; Skřivan, Tomáš; Süli, Endre

2018-02-01

We propose thermodynamically consistent models for viscoelastic fluids with a stress diffusion term. In particular, we derive variants of compressible/incompressible Maxwell/Oldroyd-B models with a stress diffusion term in the evolution equation for the extra stress tensor. It is shown that the stress diffusion term can be interpreted either as a consequence of a nonlocal energy storage mechanism or as a consequence of a nonlocal entropy production mechanism, while different interpretations of the stress diffusion mechanism lead to different evolution equations for the temperature. The benefits of the knowledge of the thermodynamical background of the derived models are documented in the study of nonlinear stability of equilibrium rest states. The derived models open up the possibility to study fully coupled thermomechanical problems involving viscoelastic rate-type fluids with stress diffusion.

Pure silver ohmic contacts to N- and P- type gallium arsenide materials

DOEpatents

Hogan, Stephen J.

1986-01-01

Disclosed is an improved process for manufacturing gallium arsenide semiconductor devices having as its components an n-type gallium arsenide substrate layer and a p-type gallium arsenide diffused layer. The improved process comprises forming a pure silver ohmic contact to both the diffused layer and the substrate layer, wherein the n-type layer comprises a substantially low doping carrier concentration.

Improved yields for MOST’s using ion implantation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brockman, H. E.

1976-04-01

Conventionally diffused source and drain polysilicon gate MOST's commonly exhibit one type of fault, namely, that of polysilicon-to-diffusion short circuits. Investigations into the yields of large-area devices fabricated using ion-implanted sources and drains are compared with those of diffused structures. An improved technology for the chemical shaping of the polysilicon gates, which improves the yields for both types of devices, is also described. (AIP)

“GETTING HIGH AND GETTING BY”: DIMENSIONS OF DRUG SELLING BEHAVIORS AMONG AMERICAN MEXICAN GANG MEMBERS IN SOUTH TEXAS

PubMed Central

Valdez, Avelardo; Sifaneck, Stephen J.

2010-01-01

This article discerns the role that Mexican American gang members play in drug markets, and the relationship between gang members’drug use and drug selling in South Texas. A four-part typology based on the two dimensions of gang type and gang member emerged from this qualitative analysis of 160 male gang members: Homeboys, Hustlers, Slangers, and Ballers. Major findings include the following: (1) many gang members are user/sellers and are not profit-oriented dealers, (2) gangs commonly do extend “protection” to drug-selling members, and (3) proximity to Mexican drug markets, adult prison gangs, and criminal family members may play important roles in whether these gang members have access and the profit potential to actually deal drugs. This research contributes to our complex intersections between gangs, drug using, and drug selling. PMID:21218191

16 CFR 432.6 - Liability for violation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... to his reliance upon or transmittal of the written representations of the manufacturer or importer if... certification attesting to the accuracy of the representations to which this part applies: And provided further, That such seller is without actual knowledge of the violation contained in said written certification. ...

16 CFR 432.6 - Liability for violation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... to his reliance upon or transmittal of the written representations of the manufacturer or importer if... certification attesting to the accuracy of the representations to which this part applies: And provided further, That such seller is without actual knowledge of the violation contained in said written certification. ...

16 CFR 432.6 - Liability for violation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... to his reliance upon or transmittal of the written representations of the manufacturer or importer if... certification attesting to the accuracy of the representations to which this part applies: And provided further, That such seller is without actual knowledge of the violation contained in said written certification. ...

16 CFR 432.6 - Liability for violation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... to his reliance upon or transmittal of the written representations of the manufacturer or importer if... certification attesting to the accuracy of the representations to which this part applies: And provided further, That such seller is without actual knowledge of the violation contained in said written certification. ...

16 CFR 429.0 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION TRADE REGULATION RULES RULE CONCERNING COOLING-OFF PERIOD FOR SALES MADE... following definitions shall apply: (a) Door-to-Door Sale—A sale, lease, or rental of consumer goods or... seller or his representative personally solicits the sale, including those in response to or following an...

16 CFR 429.0 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION TRADE REGULATION RULES RULE CONCERNING COOLING-OFF PERIOD FOR SALES MADE... following definitions shall apply: (a) Door-to-Door Sale—A sale, lease, or rental of consumer goods or... seller or his representative personally solicits the sale, including those in response to or following an...

76 FR 41782 - Combined Notice of Filings #2

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-15

... that the Commission received the following electric corporate filings: Docket Numbers: EC11-91-000. Applicants: Mesquite Power, LLC. Description: Mesquite Power, LLC Application pursuant to section 203 of the.... Description: Updated Market Power Analysis and Order 697 Compliance Filing of the JPMorgan Sellers for the...

Avoiding "Profscam": For Accounting Educators.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dillaway, Manson P.

In partial response to a recent best-seller decrying the so-called "ProfScam" scenario whereby professors downgrade undergraduate teaching in favor of often irrelevant research, the paper offers guidance to accounting faculty seeking to undertake meaningful publishable research. Recommendations are given for four stages in the research process:…

16 CFR 437.3 - Severability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... an indication of the Commission's intention not to enforce any applicable statute. Note 2: By taking... provisions to any person, act, or practice shall not be affected thereby. Note 1: The Commission expresses no... opportunity seller or the disclosure of more complete information to the business opportunity purchaser. Note...

31 CFR 576.316 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 576.316 Section 576.316 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... foreign exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers thereof...

31 CFR 593.312 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 593.312 Section 593.312 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... selling foreign exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers...

31 CFR 540.319 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 540.319 Section 540.319 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... selling foreign exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers...

31 CFR 593.312 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 593.312 Section 593.312 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... selling foreign exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers...

31 CFR 562.310 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 562.310 Section 562.310 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... foreign exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers thereof...

31 CFR 588.311 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 588.311 Section 588.311 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers thereof, as...

31 CFR 576.316 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 576.316 Section 576.316 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... foreign exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers thereof...

31 CFR 560.327 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 560.327 Section 560.327 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers thereof, as...

31 CFR 576.316 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 576.316 Section 576.316 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... foreign exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers thereof...

31 CFR 561.308 - Foreign financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Foreign financial institution. 561.308 Section 561.308 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE..., commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers thereof, as principal or agent. It...

31 CFR 544.311 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 544.311 Section 544.311 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... selling foreign exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers...

31 CFR 560.324 - Iranian financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Iranian financial institution. 560.324 Section 560.324 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE..., commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers thereof, as principal or agent. It...

31 CFR 544.311 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 544.311 Section 544.311 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... selling foreign exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers...

31 CFR 540.319 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 540.319 Section 540.319 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... selling foreign exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers...

31 CFR 544.311 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 544.311 Section 544.311 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... selling foreign exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers...

31 CFR 576.316 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 576.316 Section 576.316 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... foreign exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers thereof...

31 CFR 545.314 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 545.314 Section 545.314 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers thereof, as...

31 CFR 593.312 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 593.312 Section 593.312 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... selling foreign exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers...

31 CFR 593.312 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 593.312 Section 593.312 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... selling foreign exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers...

31 CFR 542.321 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 542.321 Section 542.321 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers thereof, as...

31 CFR 593.312 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 593.312 Section 593.312 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... selling foreign exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers...

31 CFR 537.320 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 537.320 Section 537.320 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers thereof, as...

31 CFR 562.310 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 562.310 Section 562.310 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... foreign exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers thereof...

31 CFR 562.310 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 562.310 Section 562.310 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... foreign exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers thereof...

31 CFR 544.311 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 544.311 Section 544.311 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... selling foreign exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers...

31 CFR 560.324 - Iranian financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Iranian financial institution. 560.324 Section 560.324 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE..., commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers thereof, as principal or agent. It...

31 CFR 562.310 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 562.310 Section 562.310 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... foreign exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers thereof...

31 CFR 540.319 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 540.319 Section 540.319 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... selling foreign exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers...

31 CFR 544.311 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 544.311 Section 544.311 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... selling foreign exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers...

31 CFR 540.319 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 540.319 Section 540.319 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... selling foreign exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers...

31 CFR 560.327 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 560.327 Section 560.327 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers thereof, as...

31 CFR 540.319 - U.S. financial institution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false U.S. financial institution. 540.319 Section 540.319 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... selling foreign exchange, securities, commodity futures or options, or procuring purchasers and sellers...

16 CFR 432.6 - Liability for violation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Liability for violation. 432.6 Section 432.6 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION TRADE REGULATION RULES POWER OUTPUT CLAIMS FOR AMPLIFIERS..., That such seller is without actual knowledge of the violation contained in said written certification. ...

Information Asymmetries as Trade Barriers: ISO 9000 Increases International Commerce

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Potoski, Matthew; Prakash, Aseem

2009-01-01

Spatial, cultural, and linguistic barriers create information asymmetries between buyers and sellers that impede international trade. The International Organization for Standardization's ISO 9000 program is designed to reduce these information asymmetries by providing assurance about the product quality of firms that receive its certification.…

Why Liability Still Matters. In: SMARTe 2011, EPA/600/C-10/007

EPA Science Inventory

As brownfield sites become more important to the land base of rural and urban communities for housing, commercial and industrial development, buyers and sellers of brownfields are taking greater, more educated risks in the transaction and real estate development processes. The b...

True or Not True.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fields, Joyce I.

1993-01-01

Ascertained seven- and eight-year-olds' understanding of advertising, the role of the buyer and seller, and the role of real estate agents. Interviewed an experimental group of students who had been exposed, and a control group of students who had not been exposed, to classroom presentations concerning these topics. (MDM)

78 FR 56625 - Housing Counseling Program: New Certification Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-13

... of, and responses to, rental and mortgage delinquency and avoidance of eviction and mortgage default... (including potential economic, environmental, public health, and safety effects, distributive impacts, and.../vol14num3/Cityscape_Nov2012_impact_lim_sellers.pdf , at page 219.) Specific Request for Comment: HUD...

THE EPA'S ROLE IN PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT -- PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

EPA Science Inventory

Some say environmentalism started with Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring. This best seller in addition to decades of the effects of pollution on people's lives surely contributed to help shift public opinion regarding the environment. This "shift" culminated with the birth of a ...

Love Thy Neighbor: Private and Public Religion in Children's Christian Literature.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sekeres, Diane

2003-01-01

Considers what ideology is reflected in the books that are available through Christian bookstores and Christian publishing houses. Discusses Christian fiction in general, liberation theology, and multiculturalism in literature. Offers an analysis of four books that are top sellers for their publishing house. (SG)

DOJ News Release: West Palm Beach Sellers of Unnecessary Septic Tank Products Plead Guilty to Wire Fraud

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Moore, Nouerand and Lincoln, in concert with other employees of FBK Products, LLC., knowingly participated in a scheme to fraudulently market and sell an unnecessary and unneeded septic treatment product to residents of various states across the country.

40 CFR 745.103 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.... Department of Housing and Urban Development. Inspection means: (1) A surface-by-surface investigation to.... Secretary means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. Seller means any entity that transfers legal... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definitions. 745.103 Section 745.103...

40 CFR 745.103 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... Department of Housing and Urban Development. Inspection means: (1) A surface-by-surface investigation to.... Secretary means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. Seller means any entity that transfers legal... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Definitions. 745.103 Section 745.103...

40 CFR 745.103 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... Department of Housing and Urban Development. Inspection means: (1) A surface-by-surface investigation to.... Secretary means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. Seller means any entity that transfers legal... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Definitions. 745.103 Section 745.103...

40 CFR 745.103 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... Department of Housing and Urban Development. Inspection means: (1) A surface-by-surface investigation to.... Secretary means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. Seller means any entity that transfers legal... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Definitions. 745.103 Section 745.103...

Cooperation in the Classroom: Experimenting with R&D Cooperatives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goeree, Michelle S.; Hinloopen, Jeroen

2008-01-01

The authors describe a classroom experiment that illustrates the research and development investment incentives facing firms when technological spillovers are present. The game involves two stages in which student "sellers" first make investment decisions and then production decisions. The classroom game can be used to motivate…

75 FR 67119 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comments Requested

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-01

... of Information Collection Under Review: Prevent All Cigarette Trafficking (PACT) Act Registration...: Extension of a currently approved collection. (2) The title of the form/collection: Prevent All Cigarette... register delivery sellers of cigarettes and/or smokeless tobacco products with the Attorney General in...

75 FR 17704 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-07

...: ER00-1372-006; ER07-496-003. Applicants: Alcoa Power Generating Inc.; Alcoa Power Marketing, LLC. Description: Amendment to Request for Exemption from the Triennial Market Power Update Reporting Requirements.... Applicants: Caprock Wind LLC. Description: Amendment to Caprock Wind LLC's Request for Category 1 Seller...

21 CFR 1314.30 - Recordkeeping for retail transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Recordkeeping for retail transactions. 1314.30 Section 1314.30 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE RETAIL SALE OF SCHEDULED LISTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS Sales by Regulated Sellers § 1314.30 Recordkeeping for retail...

21 CFR 1314.30 - Recordkeeping for retail transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Recordkeeping for retail transactions. 1314.30 Section 1314.30 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE RETAIL SALE OF SCHEDULED LISTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS Sales by Regulated Sellers § 1314.30 Recordkeeping for retail...

21 CFR 1314.30 - Recordkeeping for retail transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Recordkeeping for retail transactions. 1314.30 Section 1314.30 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE RETAIL SALE OF SCHEDULED LISTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS Sales by Regulated Sellers § 1314.30 Recordkeeping for retail...

77 FR 20379 - Puget Sound Energy, Inc.,

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-04

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket No. EL01-10-000, et al.] Puget Sound Energy, Inc., v. All Jurisdictional Sellers of Energy and/or Capacity at Wholesale Into Electric Energy and/or Capacity, Markets in the Pacific Northwest, Including Parties to the Western Systems Power...

50 CFR 679.42 - Limitations on use of QS and IFQ.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... transferor (seller); (F) A written declaration from a licensed medical doctor, advanced nurse practitioner... include: (1) The identity of the licensed medical doctor, advanced nurse practitioner, or primary..., advanced nurse practitioner, or primary community health aide; (2) A concise description of the medical...

The Selling of the Sheepskin.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mackey, Maureen

1980-01-01

As higher education turns from a seller's to a buyer's market, colleges are using marketing strategy as an aid for student recruitment. Unethical and ethical promotion and recruiting practices, recruiting abuses (selling of immigration papers, etc.), legal contractual responsibilities, ethical decay, and consumer rights of students are discussed.…

7 CFR 989.801 - Restrictions applicable to committee personnel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... the Raisin Marketing Order is authorized by the Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937, 7 U.S.C... bilateral or international undertaking or agreement with any competing foreign producer or seller or with...

16 CFR 240.13 - Customer's and third party liability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... ADVERTISING ALLOWANCES AND OTHER MERCHANDISING PAYMENTS AND SERVICES § 240.13 Customer's and third party... invoices or other similar means. Example 1: A customer should not induce or receive advertising allowances for special promotion of the seller's product in connection with the customer's anniversary sale or...

Measurement of N-Type 6H SiC Minority-Carrier Diffusion Lengths by Electron Bombardment of Schottky Barriers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hubbard, S. M.; Tabib-Azar, M.; Balley, S.; Rybickid, G.; Neudeck, P.; Raffaelle, R.

2004-01-01

Minority-Carrier diffusion lengths of n-type 6H-SiC were measured using the electron-beam induced current (EBIC) technique. Experimental values of primary beam current, EBIC, and beam voltage were obtained for a variety of SIC samples. This data was used to calculate experimental diode efficiency vs. beam voltage curves. These curves were fit to theoretically calculated efficiency curves, and the diffusion length and metal layer thickness were extracted. The hole diffusion length in n-6H SiC ranged from 0.93 +/- 0.15 microns.

Exact travelling wave solutions for a diffusion-convection equation in two and three spatial dimensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Elwakil, S. A.; El-Labany, S. K.; Zahran, M. A.; Sabry, R.

2004-04-01

The modified extended tanh-function method were applied to the general class of nonlinear diffusion-convection equations where the concentration-dependent diffusivity, D( u), was taken to be a constant while the concentration-dependent hydraulic conductivity, K( u) were taken to be in a power law. The obtained solutions include rational-type, triangular-type, singular-type, and solitary wave solutions. In fact, the profile of the obtained solitary wave solutions resemble the characteristics of a shock-wave like structure for an arbitrary m (where m>1 is the power of the nonlinear convection term).

Process for forming pure silver ohmic contacts to N- and P-type gallium arsenide materials

DOEpatents

Hogan, S.J.

1983-03-13

Disclosed is an improved process for manufacturing gallium arsenide semiconductor devices having as its components a n-type gallium arsenide substrate layer and a p-type gallium arsenide diffused layer. The improved process comprises forming a pure silver ohmic contact to both the diffuse layer and the substrate layer wherein the n-type layer comprises a substantially low doping carrier concentration.

Effects of inlet flow field conditions on the performance of centrifugal compressor diffusers: Part 2 -- Straight-channel diffuser

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Deniz, S.; Greitzer, E.M.; Cumpsty, N.A.

2000-01-01

This is Part 2 of an examination of the influence of inlet flow conditions on the performance and operating range of centrifugal compressor vaned diffusers. The paper describes tests of a straight-channel type diffuser, sometimes called a wedge-vane diffuser, and compares the results with those from the discrete-passage diffusers described in Part 1. Effects of diffuser inlet Mach number, flow angle, blockage, and axial flow nonuniformity on diffuser pressure recovery and operating range are addressed. The straight-channel diffuser investigated has 30 vanes and was designed for the same aerodynamic duty as the discrete-passage diffuser described in Part 1. The rangesmore » of the overall pressure recovery coefficients were 0.50--0.78 for the straight-channel diffuser and 0.50--0.70 for the discrete-passage diffuser, except when the diffuser was choked. In other words, the maximum pressure recovery of the straight-channel diffuser was found to be roughly 10% higher than that of the discrete-passage diffuser investigated. The two types of diffuser showed similar behavior regarding the dependence of pressure recovery on diffuser inlet flow angle and the insensitivity of the performance to inlet flow field axial distortion and Mach number. The operating range of the straight-channel diffuser, as for the discrete-passage diffusers, was limited by the onset of rotating stall at a fixed momentum-averaged flow angle into the diffuser, which was for the straight-channel diffuser, {alpha}{sub crit} = 70 {+-} 0.5 deg. The background, nomenclature, and description of the facility and method are all given in Part 1.« less

Brain metastasis of Wilms tumor with diffuse anaplasia and complex cytogenetic phenotype in a child with neurofibromatosis Type 1.

PubMed

Shvartsbeyn, Marianna; Bassani, Luigi; Mikolaenko, Irina; Wisoff, Jeffrey H

2011-10-01

The authors report the first case of a Wilms tumor (WT) with diffuse anaplasia metastatic to the brain in a 13-year-old girl with a history of neurofibromatosis Type 1. At presentation, the metastatic tumor had radiological features that suggested a meningioma. Histologically it was characterized by striking anaplasia and features similar to the patient's previously resected WT with diffuse anaplasia.

Diffusion-weighted imaging of mucinous carcinoma of the breast: evaluation of apparent diffusion coefficient and signal intensity in correlation with histologic findings.

PubMed

Woodhams, Reiko; Kakita, Satoko; Hata, Hirofumi; Iwabuchi, Keiichi; Umeoka, Shigeaki; Mountford, Carolyn E; Hatabu, Hiroto

2009-07-01

The purposes of this study were to compare the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of mucinous carcinoma of the breast with that of other breast tumors and to analyze correlations between signal intensity on diffusion-weighted images and the histologic features of mucinous carcinoma. Two hundred seventy-six patients with 277 lesions, including 15 mucinous carcinomas (13 pure type, two mixed type), 204 other malignant tumors, and 58 benign lesions, were examined with 1.5-T MRI at b values of 0 and 1,500 s/mm(2). The correlations between cellularity and ADC, homogeneity of signal intensity on diffusion-weighted images, and histopathologic findings were analyzed. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The mean ADC of mucinous carcinoma (1.8 +/- 0.4 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s) was statistically higher than that of benign lesions (1.3+/- 0.3 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s) and other malignant tumors (0.9 +/- 0.2 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s) (p < 0.001). The ADC of pure type mucinous carcinoma (1.8 +/- 0.3 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s) was higher than that of mixed type mucinous carcinoma (1.2 +/- 0.2 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s) (p < 0.001) and other histologic types (p > 0.05). The correlation between mean cellularity and the ADC of mucinous carcinoma was significant (rho(s) = -0.754; p = 0.001). The homogeneity of signal intensity on diffusion-weighted images correlated with the homogeneity of histologic structures of mucinous carcinoma (p < 0.001; kappa = 0.826). Mucinous carcinoma can be clearly differentiated from other breast tumors on the basis of ADC. The low signal intensity of mucinous carcinoma on diffusion-weighted images appears to reflect the presence of mucin and low cellularity. High signal intensity on diffusion-weighted images may reflect the presence of fibrovascular bundles, increased cell density, or a combination of these features.

Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Water Vapor and Determination of Diffusion Characteristics in the Pore

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nikonov, Eduard G.; Pavluš, Miron; Popovičová, Mária

2018-02-01

One of the varieties of pores, often found in natural or artificial building materials, are the so-called blind pores of dead-end or saccate type. Three-dimensional model of such kind of pore has been developed in this work. This model has been used for simulation of water vapor interaction with individual pore by molecular dynamics in combination with the diffusion equation method. Special investigations have been done to find dependencies between thermostats implementations and conservation of thermodynamic and statistical values of water vapor - pore system. The two types of evolution of water - pore system have been investigated: drying and wetting of the pore. Full research of diffusion coefficient, diffusion velocity and other diffusion parameters has been made.

Reactive diffusion in the presence of a diffusion barrier: Experiment and model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mangelinck, D.; Luo, T.; Girardeaux, C.

2018-05-01

Reactions in thin films and diffusion barriers are important for applications such as protective coatings, electrical contact, and interconnections. In this work, the effect of a barrier on the kinetics of the formation for a single phase by reactive diffusion is investigated from both experimental and modeling point of views. Two types of diffusion barriers are studied: (i) a thin layer of W deposited between a Ni film and Si substrate and (ii) Ni alloy films, Ni(1%W) and Ni(5%Pt), that form a diffusion barrier during the reaction with the Si substrate. The effect of the barriers on the kinetics of δ-Ni2Si formation is determined by in situ X ray diffraction and compared to models that explain the kinetic slowdown induced by both types of barrier. A linear parabolic growth is found for the deposited barrier with an increasing linear contribution for increasing barrier thickness. On the contrary, the growth is mainly parabolic for the barrier formed by the reaction between an alloy film and the substrate. The permeability of the two types of barrier is determined and discussed. The developed models fit well with the dedicated model experiments, leading to a better understanding of the barrier effect on the reactive diffusion and allowing us to predict the barrier behaviour in various applications.

Classification and Segmentation of Nanoparticle Diffusion Trajectories in Cellular Micro Environments

PubMed Central

Kroll, Alexandra; Haramagatti, Chandrashekara R.; Lipinski, Hans-Gerd; Wiemann, Martin

2017-01-01

Darkfield and confocal laser scanning microscopy both allow for a simultaneous observation of live cells and single nanoparticles. Accordingly, a characterization of nanoparticle uptake and intracellular mobility appears possible within living cells. Single particle tracking allows to measure the size of a diffusing particle close to a cell. However, within the more complex system of a cell’s cytoplasm normal, confined or anomalous diffusion together with directed motion may occur. In this work we present a method to automatically classify and segment single trajectories into their respective motion types. Single trajectories were found to contain more than one motion type. We have trained a random forest with 9 different features. The average error over all motion types for synthetic trajectories was 7.2%. The software was successfully applied to trajectories of positive controls for normal- and constrained diffusion. Trajectories captured by nanoparticle tracking analysis served as positive control for normal diffusion. Nanoparticles inserted into a diblock copolymer membrane was used to generate constrained diffusion. Finally we segmented trajectories of diffusing (nano-)particles in V79 cells captured with both darkfield- and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The software called “TraJClassifier” is freely available as ImageJ/Fiji plugin via https://git.io/v6uz2. PMID:28107406

Systematic derivation of reaction-diffusion equations with distributed delays and relations to fractional reaction-diffusion equations and hyperbolic transport equations: application to the theory of Neolithic transition.

PubMed

Vlad, Marcel Ovidiu; Ross, John

2002-12-01

We introduce a general method for the systematic derivation of nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations with distributed delays. We study the interactions among different types of moving individuals (atoms, molecules, quasiparticles, biological organisms, etc). The motion of each species is described by the continuous time random walk theory, analyzed in the literature for transport problems, whereas the interactions among the species are described by a set of transformation rates, which are nonlinear functions of the local concentrations of the different types of individuals. We use the time interval between two jumps (the transition time) as an additional state variable and obtain a set of evolution equations, which are local in time. In order to make a connection with the transport models used in the literature, we make transformations which eliminate the transition time and derive a set of nonlocal equations which are nonlinear generalizations of the so-called generalized master equations. The method leads under different specified conditions to various types of nonlocal transport equations including a nonlinear generalization of fractional diffusion equations, hyperbolic reaction-diffusion equations, and delay-differential reaction-diffusion equations. Thus in the analysis of a given problem we can fit to the data the type of reaction-diffusion equation and the corresponding physical and kinetic parameters. The method is illustrated, as a test case, by the study of the neolithic transition. We introduce a set of assumptions which makes it possible to describe the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture economics by a differential delay reaction-diffusion equation for the population density. We derive a delay evolution equation for the rate of advance of agriculture, which illustrates an application of our analysis.