48 CFR 719.271-2 - The USAID Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (SDB).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (SDB). 719.271-2 Section 719.271-2 Federal Acquisition... Policies 719.271-2 The USAID Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (SDB). (a) SDB is... business enterprises) program. (b) SDB, headed by the Director SDB, who also serves as the Minority...

48 CFR 719.271-2 - The USAID Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (SDB).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (SDB). 719.271-2 Section 719.271-2 Federal Acquisition... Policies 719.271-2 The USAID Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (SDB). (a) SDB is... business enterprises) program. (b) SDB, headed by the Director SDB, who also serves as the Minority...

48 CFR 719.271-2 - The USAID Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (SDB).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (SDB). 719.271-2 Section 719.271-2 Federal Acquisition... Policies 719.271-2 The USAID Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (SDB). (a) SDB is... business enterprises) program. (b) SDB, headed by the Director SDB, who also serves as the Minority...

48 CFR 719.271-2 - The USAID Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (SDB).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (SDB). 719.271-2 Section 719.271-2 Federal Acquisition... Policies 719.271-2 The USAID Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (SDB). (a) SDB is... business enterprises) program. (b) SDB, headed by the Director SDB, who also serves as the Minority...

48 CFR 719.271-2 - The USAID Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (SDB).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (SDB). 719.271-2 Section 719.271-2 Federal Acquisition... Policies 719.271-2 The USAID Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (SDB). (a) SDB is... business enterprises) program. (b) SDB, headed by the Director SDB, who also serves as the Minority...

The Relationship between Teachers' Collective Efficacy and Student Achievement at Economically Disadvantaged Middle School Campuses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sandoval, Juan Manuel; Challoo, Linda B.; Kupczynski, Lori

2011-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the collective efficacy of teachers and student achievement at economically disadvantaged middle school campuses. The population of the study consisted of Texas campuses that served economically disadvantaged students and received a campus rating of Exemplary or Academically…

Changes and Trends in Small Disadvantaged Business (SDB) Programs.

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-12-01

Since the late 1960s, it has been the policy of the Federal Government to support the development of small disadvantaged businesses (SDBs) owned and...set forth in Adarand case. This study recommends a consolidated single piece of legislative proposal that can best serve the public in promoting small disadvantaged businesses.

13 CFR 124.104 - Who is economically disadvantaged?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... disadvantage must describe it in a narrative statement, and must submit personal financial information. (2) When married, an individual claiming economic disadvantage also must submit separate financial... eligibility, the net worth of an individual claiming disadvantage must be less than $250,000. For continued 8...

13 CFR 127.203 - What are the rules governing the requirement that economically disadvantaged women must own EDWOSBs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... may be considered. The personal financial condition of the woman claiming economic disadvantage... within two years. Assets that a woman claiming economic disadvantage transferred within two years of the date of the concern's certification will be attributed to the woman claiming economic disadvantage if...

Associations between education and personal income with body mass index among Australian women residing in disadvantaged neighborhoods.

PubMed

Williams, Lauren K; Andrianopoulos, Nick; Cleland, Verity; Crawford, David; Ball, Kylie

2013-01-01

The aims of the current study were to (1) determine the association between personal income and body mass index (BMI) and between individual education and BMI, and (2) examine the association between education and BMI across strata of personal income among women. The design of the study was a quantitative analysis of data from self-report questionnaires. The study setting was socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods in Victoria, Australia. The study included 4065 nonpregnant women (ages 18-45 years) living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. The study used a self-report questionnaire measuring sociodemographic characteristics known to be associated with BMI. Multiple linear regressions with imputation were used to assess the association between education level, personal income, and BMI, while controlling for covariates. Mean (SD) observed BMI was 26.0 (6.1) kg/m2. Compared with women with low education, women with medium (b = -0.81; 95% confidence interval, -1.30 to -0.27; p = .004) and high (b = -1.71; 95% confidence interval, -2.34 to -1.09; p < .001) education had statistically significantly lower BMI values. No differences in BMI were observed between income categories. Stratified analyses suggested that the education-BMI association may be stronger in low-income than higher-income women. Our data show that among women living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas, high education level rather than personal income may be protective against overweight/obesity. High personal income, however, may buffer the effects of low education on BMI. Obesity prevention efforts should target women with amplified disadvantage.

24 CFR 570.416 - Hispanic-serving institutions work study program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... to, students with disabilities and students who are Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, Hispanic... establish recruitment procedures that identify eligible economically disadvantaged and minority students... providing assistance to economically disadvantaged and minority students who participate in a work study...

24 CFR 570.416 - Hispanic-serving institutions work study program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... to, students with disabilities and students who are Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, Hispanic... establish recruitment procedures that identify eligible economically disadvantaged and minority students... providing assistance to economically disadvantaged and minority students who participate in a work study...

24 CFR 570.416 - Hispanic-serving institutions work study program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... to, students with disabilities and students who are Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, Hispanic... establish recruitment procedures that identify eligible economically disadvantaged and minority students... providing assistance to economically disadvantaged and minority students who participate in a work study...

24 CFR 570.416 - Hispanic-serving institutions work study program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... to, students with disabilities and students who are Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, Hispanic... establish recruitment procedures that identify eligible economically disadvantaged and minority students... providing assistance to economically disadvantaged and minority students who participate in a work study...

Overcoming Space and Time Disadvantages in Joint Theater Missile Defense

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-02-04

Disadvantages in Joint Theater Missile Defense (Unclassified) 9. Personal Authors: Major Robert Kelley 10.Type of Report: FINAL 11. Date of Report...Classification of This Page Unclassified NAVAL WAR COLLEGE Newport, RI Overcoming Space and Time Disadvantages in Joint Theater Missile Defense By Robert...Covered (from... to) - Title and Subtitle Overcoming Space and Time Disadvantages in Joint Theater Missile Defense Contract Number Grant Number

Validity and reliability of a dietary stages of change measure among economically disadvantaged African-American adolescents

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Studies of theoretically prescribed behavior change strategies associated with adequate fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption are lacking. This study sought to identify Transtheoretical Model processes of change associated with consumption of five daily servings of FVs among economically disadvantage...

A Comparison Study of Personality and Vocational Interests of Disadvantaged and Advantaged Youths.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Soares, Anthony T.; Soares, Louise M.

In comparing the personality traits of disadvantaged youths to advantaged from an urban high school, as indicated on the IPAT Jr.-Sr. HSPQ, it was found that both groups of boys tended toward a pattern of group-dependency and restraint. They tended to be somewhat detached, less oriented to intellectual pursuits, showing a zest for action and…

Chimpanzees are vengeful but not spiteful

PubMed Central

Jensen, Keith; Call, Josep; Tomasello, Michael

2007-01-01

People are willing to punish others at a personal cost, and this apparently antisocial tendency can stabilize cooperation. What motivates humans to punish noncooperators is likely a combination of aversion to both unfair outcomes and unfair intentions. Here we report a pair of studies in which captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) did not inflict costs on conspecifics by knocking food away if the outcome alone was personally disadvantageous but did retaliate against conspecifics who actually stole the food from them. Like humans, chimpanzees retaliate against personally harmful actions, but unlike humans, they are indifferent to simply personally disadvantageous outcomes and are therefore not spiteful. PMID:17644612

Demography of Disadvantage in Tennessee.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Lewis W., Comp.; And Others

In this report, demography conceptualizes significant characteristics to serve as a basis for more intensive study, planning, and procedures focusing on the target group. A compilation of the latest reports available and primarily tabular in form, identifies and locates Tennessee's disadvantaged people, ranking the 95 counties on each of 8…

What Helps Children Eat Well? A Qualitative Exploration of Resilience among Disadvantaged Families

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Lauren K.; Veitch, Jenny; Ball, Kylie

2011-01-01

It is well known that persons of low socioeconomic position consume generally a less healthy diet. Key determinants of unhealthy eating among disadvantaged individuals include aspects of the family and external environment. Much less is known about family and environmental determinants of healthy eating among social disadvantaged children. The aim…

Promotion of Primary Education for Girls and Disadvantaged Groups.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Bangkok (Thailand). Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.

This report presents the results of a meeting of education officials from Bangladesh, China, India, Japan, Nepal, Pakistan, and Thailand to discuss the promotion of primary education for girls and other disadvantaged groups in developing Asian countries. Chapter 1 serves as an introduction, discussing the goals and results of the meeting. Chapter…

Longer School Years: Reform or Illusion? Policy Studies in Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Edward C.

The advantages and disadvantages of the year-round school fall into three major categories: financial, educational, and professional. Financial advantages are based on the postponement of construction costs and the use of existing school facilities and equipment to serve a larger number of students. Financial disadvantages include a rise in…

The Educational Disadvantage of the Indian American Student.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coombs, L. Madison

The main body of this research synthesis serves to point out research findings regarding the educationally disadvantaged Indian American school children. The decade of the 1960's is noted to be the significant period in bringing to the attention of educators and the American public the educational problems facing the Indian American. Some of the…

Community-based training and employment: an effective program for persons with traumatic brain injury.

PubMed

Wall, J R; Niemczura, J G; Rosenthal, M

1998-01-01

Occupational entry is an important issue for persons with disabilities, as many become or remain unemployed after their injury. After traumatic brain injury (TBI), individuals exhibit high unemployment rates, especially those persons with injuries of greater severity, a limited premorbid work history and/or persons from economically disadvantaged backgrounds. Vocational rehabilitation programs have been developed to improve employability. Traditional vocational rehabilitation approaches, based on integrating work skills with cognitive rehabilitation models have proven only minimally effective with TBI. The supported employment model has been demonstrated to be much more effective with this group, as has an approach that combines vocational and psychosocial skills training along with job support. Even with these generally successful approaches, the literature on vocational rehabilitation in clients from economically disadvantaged environments who are diagnosed with TBI is limited. An approach for the economically disadvantaged, which combines work skills training in a real work community along with supported employment is presented.

Educating the Disadvantaged. Hearing of the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions on Examining Legislation Authorizing Funds for the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, Focusing on Title I, Education Programs for the Disadvantaged. United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.

The Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions met to consider the largest program within the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, Title I, Helping Disadvantaged Children Meet High Standards. At this hearing, how Title I funds are spent, who they serve, and whether student performance is improving were topics discussed. After…

45 CFR 690.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons...

38 CFR 16.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons...

38 CFR 16.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons...

45 CFR 690.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons...

45 CFR 690.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons...

38 CFR 16.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons...

45 CFR 690.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons...

38 CFR 16.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons...

40 CFR 26.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

49 CFR 11.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

45 CFR 46.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons. (4... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

49 CFR 11.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

28 CFR 46.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

49 CFR 11.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

34 CFR 97.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

40 CFR 26.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

22 CFR 225.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

45 CFR 46.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons. (4... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

22 CFR 225.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

40 CFR 26.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

28 CFR 46.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

34 CFR 97.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

28 CFR 46.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

22 CFR 225.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

45 CFR 46.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons. (4... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

49 CFR 11.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

45 CFR 46.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons. (4... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

22 CFR 225.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

34 CFR 97.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

34 CFR 97.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

40 CFR 26.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

28 CFR 46.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

Exploring the Role of In-Person Components for Online Health Behavior Change Interventions: Can a Digital Person-to-Person Component Suffice?

PubMed Central

Kane, Deborah; Senn, Charlene Y; Woodruff, Sarah J

2018-01-01

The growth of the digital environment provides tremendous opportunities to revolutionize health behavior change efforts. This paper explores the use of Web-based, mobile, and social media health behavior change interventions and determines whether there is a need for a face-to-face or an in-person component. It is further argued that that although in-person components can be beneficial for online interventions, a digital person-to-person component can foster similar results while dealing with challenges faced by traditional intervention approaches. Using a digital person-to-person component is rooted in social and behavioral theories such as the theory of reasoned action, and the social cognitive theory, and further justified by the human support constructs of the model of supportive accountability. Overall, face-to-face and online behavior change interventions have their respective advantages and disadvantages and functions, yet both serve important roles. It appears that it is in fact human support that is the most important component in the effectiveness and adherence of both face-to-face and online behavior change interventions, and thoughtfully introducing a digital person-to-person component, to replace face-to-face interactions, can provide the needed human support while diminishing the barriers of in-person meetings. The digital person-to-person component must create accountability, generate opportunities for tailored feedback, and create social support to successfully create health behavior change. As the popularity of the online world grows, and the interest in using the digital environment for health behavior change interventions continues to be embraced, further research into not only the use of online interventions, but the use of a digital person-to-person component, must be explored. PMID:29643048

7 CFR 1c.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

7 CFR 1c.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

7 CFR 1c.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

7 CFR 1c.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

Identification of Intellectually Able Disadvantaged Filipino Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Naval-Severino, Teresita

1992-01-01

Preschool Filipino children from disadvantaged urban communities were assessed for giftedness. This article describes the identification procedures and tools used and presents a profile of the children in terms of socioeconomic, intellectual, and personality variables. (Author/JDD)

Transportation needs of disadvantaged populations : where, when, and how?

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-02-01

Transportation needs of disadvantaged populations (persons with disabilities, older adults, and the poor) are explored, and a methodology to address transit markets is examined to determine where, when, and how to provide for basic mobility needs ass...

38 CFR 21.72 - Rehabilitation to the point of employability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... for a type of work in which he or she will be at a definite disadvantage in competing with nondisabled persons for jobs or business, and the additional training will help to offset the competitive disadvantage...

Do religious activities among young-old immigrants act as a buffer against the effect of a lack of resources on well-being?

PubMed

Klokgieters, Silvia S; van Tilburg, Theo G; Deeg, Dorly J H; Huisman, Martijn

2018-01-30

Despite a large body of sociological and psychological literature suggesting that religious activities may mitigate the effects of stress, few studies have investigated the beneficial effects of religious activities among immigrants. Immigrants in particular may stand to benefit from these activities because they often report a religious affiliation and often occupy disadvantaged positions. This study investigates whether private and public religious activities reduce the negative effects of a lack of physical, social, and socio-economic resources on wellbeing among Turkish and Moroccan young-old immigrants in the Netherlands. Using data from the Longitudinal Study Amsterdam, cluster analysis revealed three patterns of absence of resources: physically disadvantaged, multiple disadvantages, and relatively advantaged. Linear regression analysis assessed associations between patterns of resources, religious activities and wellbeing. Persons who are physically disadvantaged or have multiple disadvantages have a lower level of wellbeing compared to persons who are relatively advantaged.  More engagement in private religious activities was associated with higher wellbeing. Among those with multiple disadvantages, however, more engagement in private religious activities was associated with lower wellbeing. Public religious activities were not associated with wellbeing in the disadvantaged group. Private religious activities are positively related to wellbeing among Turkish and Moroccan immigrants. In situations where resources are lacking, however, the relation between private religious activities and wellbeing is negative. The study's results highlight the importance of context, disadvantage and type of religious activity for wellbeing.

Attractiveness Compensates for Low Status Background in the Prediction of Educational Attainment

PubMed Central

Bauldry, Shawn; Shanahan, Michael J.; Russo, Rosemary; Roberts, Brent W.; Damian, Rodica

2016-01-01

Background People who are perceived as good looking or as having a pleasant personality enjoy many advantages, including higher educational attainment. This study examines (1) whether associations between physical/personality attractiveness and educational attainment vary by parental socioeconomic resources and (2) whether parental socioeconomic resources predict these forms of attractiveness. Based on the theory of resource substitution with structural amplification, we hypothesized that both types of attractiveness would have a stronger association with educational attainment for people from disadvantaged backgrounds (resource substitution), but also that people from disadvantaged backgrounds would be less likely to be perceived as attractive (amplification). Methods This study draws on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health—including repeated interviewer ratings of respondents’ attractiveness—and trait-state structural equation models to examine the moderation (substitution) and mediation (amplification) of physical and personality attractiveness in the link between parental socioeconomic resources and educational attainment. Results Both perceived personality and physical attractiveness have stronger associations with educational attainment for people from families with lower levels of parental education (substitution). Further, parental education and income are associated with both dimensions of perceived attractiveness, and personality attractiveness is positively associated with educational attainment (amplification). Results do not differ by sex and race/ethnicity. Further, associations between perceived attractiveness and educational attainment remain after accounting for unmeasured family-level confounders using a sibling fixed-effects model. Conclusions Perceived attractiveness, particularly personality attractiveness, is a more important psychosocial resource for educational attainment for people from disadvantaged backgrounds than for people from advantaged backgrounds. People from disadvantaged backgrounds, however, are less likely to be perceived as attractive than people from advantaged backgrounds. PMID:27249216

Attractiveness Compensates for Low Status Background in the Prediction of Educational Attainment.

PubMed

Bauldry, Shawn; Shanahan, Michael J; Russo, Rosemary; Roberts, Brent W; Damian, Rodica

2016-01-01

People who are perceived as good looking or as having a pleasant personality enjoy many advantages, including higher educational attainment. This study examines (1) whether associations between physical/personality attractiveness and educational attainment vary by parental socioeconomic resources and (2) whether parental socioeconomic resources predict these forms of attractiveness. Based on the theory of resource substitution with structural amplification, we hypothesized that both types of attractiveness would have a stronger association with educational attainment for people from disadvantaged backgrounds (resource substitution), but also that people from disadvantaged backgrounds would be less likely to be perceived as attractive (amplification). This study draws on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health-including repeated interviewer ratings of respondents' attractiveness-and trait-state structural equation models to examine the moderation (substitution) and mediation (amplification) of physical and personality attractiveness in the link between parental socioeconomic resources and educational attainment. Both perceived personality and physical attractiveness have stronger associations with educational attainment for people from families with lower levels of parental education (substitution). Further, parental education and income are associated with both dimensions of perceived attractiveness, and personality attractiveness is positively associated with educational attainment (amplification). Results do not differ by sex and race/ethnicity. Further, associations between perceived attractiveness and educational attainment remain after accounting for unmeasured family-level confounders using a sibling fixed-effects model. Perceived attractiveness, particularly personality attractiveness, is a more important psychosocial resource for educational attainment for people from disadvantaged backgrounds than for people from advantaged backgrounds. People from disadvantaged backgrounds, however, are less likely to be perceived as attractive than people from advantaged backgrounds.

Matching School Resources and Student Needs: Scheduling and Assignment Problems in High Schools Serving At-Risk Youth. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Natriello, Gary; And Others

By studying the process by which disadvantaged and low-achieving high school students are assigned to classes and special programs, how and why disadvantaged students are placed in inappropriate programs can be understood. Reasons exist to question the assumption that students are assigned to programs rationally on the basis of information about…

Transportation-disadvantaged populations : some coordination efforts among programs providing transportation services, but obstacles persist

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-06-01

Millions of Americans are unable to provide their own transportation-or even use public transportation-for Medicaid appointments, Head Start classes, job training, or other services. Such transportation-disadvantaged" persons are often disabled, elde...

The Charter School Catch-22

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hill, Paul T.; Lake, Robin J.

2010-01-01

When charter schools first emerged nearly two decades ago, critics claimed they would promote segregation by serving privileged white students whose families take advantage of choice. But state laws, philanthropists, and charter school founders targeted these new schools to serve disadvantaged students in urban districts. Critics then tried to…

Teachers and Group Size as Variables in Stimulating Oral Language Development with Grade One Disadvantaged Children. IMRID, Volume III, No. 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dunn, Lloyd M.; And Others

The purpose of this study was to evaluate both the relative effectiveness of different instructional personnel and the effect of differences in group size upon oral language acquisition for educationally disadvantaged first grade children. Involved in the treatment program were 23 classes in eight schools, all serving lower class areas of a…

Updating the Process and Content of Teacher Education Curriculum to Research Disadvantaged Youth in Western Metropolitan Areas. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haas, Mary Helen; Wood, Marcile

The central purpose of this report is to help teachers, teacher educators, supervisors, and local directors to be more aware of the problems and needs of disadvantaged urban youth. Focus is directed toward existing teacher education programs to determine needed changes which will help teachers to better serve the education needs of disadvantaged…

The Educational Development of Students Following Participation in a Pre-School Programme in a Disadvantaged Area in Ireland. Studies and Evaluation Papers 12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kellaghan, Thomas; Greaney, Betty Jane

This longitudinal study evaluated the effects of a preschool project designed to serve children between 3 and 5 years of age in a disadvantaged inner-city area in Dublin, Ireland. The preschool, established in 1969, emphasized the development of children's cognitive skills and established structures to increase parents' involvement in their…

ITS applications for coordinating and improving human services transportation : a cross-cutting study : improving service for the transportation disadvantaged

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-08-01

Older adults, persons with disabilities, and individuals with lower incomes frequently do not have access to transportation or their access to transportation is limited. These populations, called "transportation disadvantaged," need flexible yet depe...

Social adversities in first-time and repeat prisoners.

PubMed

Kjelsberg, Ellen; Friestad, Christine

2008-11-01

To explore possible systematic differences between prison inmates serving their first sentence and inmates having experienced previous incarcerations. It is hoped that a better knowledge of these issues will make us better equipped to meet the rehabilitation needs of our prisoners and decrease their risk of reoffending and reincarceration. In this cross-sectional study a randomly selected and nationally representative sample of 260 Norwegian prisoners, 100 serving their first sentence and 160 recidivists, was interviewed with special focus on childhood circumstances, education, work experience, and present social and economic situation. In addition their criminal records were collected from the National Crime Registry. In males multivariate analyses identified a number of variables independently and significantly associated with being a repeat offender. The odds for reincarceration increased significantly if the person fulfilled any one of the following criteria: having experienced the incarceration of a family member during childhood (OR = 3.6); having experienced childcare interventions during childhood (OR = 3.2); current drug abuse (OR = 2.6); current housing problems (OR = 2.3). In females only one strong correlation emerged: if the person had current drug problems the odds for being a recidivist increased substantially (OR = 10.9). While criminal reoffending and reincarceration seemed to be primarily associated with drug abuse in females, the childhood problems of male repeat offenders, compared with males serving their first sentence, indicate that these individuals' current multiple social and economic disadvantages were complex in origin and of long standing. Interventions aimed at preventing reoffending must take into account the gender differences demonstrated. ing at primary prevention, the negative effects associated with parental incarceration are crucial: how can one prevent the perpetuation of these problems from one generation to the next?

Careers in the Music Industry.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ryan, Peter J.; And Others

1982-01-01

Describes jobs in the music industry, including instrument designer, sales representative, instrument repair-person, retail music sales-person, recording engineer, and careers in the new video music industry. Educational requirements, personal qualifications, and the advantages and disadvantages of each job are discussed. (AM)

Violence, Older Peers, and the Socialization of Adolescent Boys in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods

PubMed Central

Harding, David J.

2009-01-01

Most theoretical perspectives on neighborhood effects on youth assume that neighborhood context serves as a source of socialization, but the exact sources and processes underlying adolescent socialization in disadvantaged neighborhoods are largely unspecified and unelaborated. This paper proposes that cross-cohort socialization by older neighborhood peers is one source of socialization for adolescent boys in such neighborhoods. Data from the National Educational Longitudinal Survey suggest that adolescents in disadvantaged neighborhoods are more likely to spend time with older individuals. Qualitative interview data from 60 adolescent boys in three neighborhoods in Boston are analyzed to understand the causes and consequences of these interactions and relationships. I find that some of the strategies these adolescents employ to cope with violence in disadvantaged neighborhoods promote interaction with older peers, particularly those who are most disadvantaged, and that such interactions can expose adolescents to local, “unconventional,” or “alternative” cultural models. PMID:20161350

Seeing Charters Differently: A New Approach to National Comparisons of Charter and Traditional Public Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malkus, Nat

2016-01-01

The national debate over charter schooling has become increasingly heated in 2016, driven by polarized narratives about the students charters typically serve. Opponents argue charters cream-skim more advantaged students, while proponents hold they primarily serve historically disadvantaged students. National evidence on charter student selectivity…

Parental Involvement in Preschool Education: Asset or Liability.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Loveridge, Robert L.; Carapella, Ruth

This paper reports factors influencing developmental growth of disadvantaged 3- to 5-year-old preschool children in a Title I program at Euclid School, St. Louis, Missouri. A Preschool Academy was designed to serve 45 preschool pupils in an area served by two neighboring elementary schools. Pupils were divided into three groups and each group…

Better Schooling for the Children of Poverty: Alternatives to Conventional Wisdom. Study of Academic Instruction for Disadvantaged Students. Volume II: Commissioned Papers and Literature Review.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Knapp, Michael S., Ed.; Shields, Patrick M., Ed.

This document comprises nine commissioned papers and four literature review chapters that are part of the first report of the Study of Academic Instruction for Disadvantaged Students, a 3-year investigation of curriculum and instruction in elementary schools serving high concentrations of poor children. (A summary of this report is presented in…

15 CFR 27.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or... subjects are likely to be vulnerable to coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons, additional...

16 CFR 1028.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or... subjects are likely to be vulnerable to coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons, additional...

15 CFR 27.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or... subjects are likely to be vulnerable to coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons, additional...

15 CFR 27.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or... subjects are likely to be vulnerable to coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons, additional...

16 CFR 1028.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or... subjects are likely to be vulnerable to coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons, additional...

15 CFR 27.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or... subjects are likely to be vulnerable to coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons, additional...

14 CFR 1230.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or... subjects are likely to be vulnerable to coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons, additional...

14 CFR 1230.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or... subjects are likely to be vulnerable to coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons, additional...

16 CFR 1028.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or... subjects are likely to be vulnerable to coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons, additional...

16 CFR § 1028.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or... subjects are likely to be vulnerable to coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons, additional...

EDUCATING THE CULTURALLY DEPRIVED IN THE GREAT CITIES.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

KAPLAN, BERNARD A.; AND OTHERS

A SERIES OF ARTICLES FEATURES THE EDUCATION OF THE CULTURALLY DISADVANTAGED IN URBAN AREAS. SUBJECTS RANGE FROM CONSIDERATION OF GENERAL ISSUES INVOLVED (IDENTIFICATION OF THE DISADVANTAGED, DE FACTO SEGREGATION, FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE, INVOLVEMENT OF THE FAMILY), TO SPECIFIC PROBLEMS FACING THE INNER-CITY TEACHER AND A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE OF A…

Exploring the Role of In-Person Components for Online Health Behavior Change Interventions: Can a Digital Person-to-Person Component Suffice?

PubMed

Santarossa, Sara; Kane, Deborah; Senn, Charlene Y; Woodruff, Sarah J

2018-04-11

The growth of the digital environment provides tremendous opportunities to revolutionize health behavior change efforts. This paper explores the use of Web-based, mobile, and social media health behavior change interventions and determines whether there is a need for a face-to-face or an in-person component. It is further argued that that although in-person components can be beneficial for online interventions, a digital person-to-person component can foster similar results while dealing with challenges faced by traditional intervention approaches. Using a digital person-to-person component is rooted in social and behavioral theories such as the theory of reasoned action, and the social cognitive theory, and further justified by the human support constructs of the model of supportive accountability. Overall, face-to-face and online behavior change interventions have their respective advantages and disadvantages and functions, yet both serve important roles. It appears that it is in fact human support that is the most important component in the effectiveness and adherence of both face-to-face and online behavior change interventions, and thoughtfully introducing a digital person-to-person component, to replace face-to-face interactions, can provide the needed human support while diminishing the barriers of in-person meetings. The digital person-to-person component must create accountability, generate opportunities for tailored feedback, and create social support to successfully create health behavior change. As the popularity of the online world grows, and the interest in using the digital environment for health behavior change interventions continues to be embraced, further research into not only the use of online interventions, but the use of a digital person-to-person component, must be explored. ©Sara Santarossa, Deborah Kane, Charlene Y Senn, Sarah J Woodruff. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 11.04.2018.

Clinical guidelines contribute to the health inequities experienced by individuals with intellectual disabilities

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Clinical practice guidelines are developed to improve the quality of healthcare. However, clinical guidelines may contribute to health inequities experienced by disadvantaged groups. This study uses an equity lens developed by the International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN) to examine how well clinical guidelines address inequities experienced by individuals with intellectual disabilities. Methods Nine health problems relevant to the health inequities experienced by persons with intellectual disabilities were selected. Clinical guidelines on these disorders were identified from across the world. The INCLEN equity lens was used as the basis for a purpose-designed, semistructured data collection tool. Two raters independently examined each guideline and completed the data collection tool. The data extracted by each rater were discussed at a research group consensus conference and agreement was reached on a final equity lens rating for each guideline. Results Thirty-six guidelines were identified, one of which (2.8%) explicitly excluded persons with intellectual disabilities. Of the remaining 35, six (17.1%) met the first criterion of the equity lens, identifying persons with intellectual disabilities at high risk for the specific health problem. Eight guidelines (22.9%) contained any content on intellectual disabilities. Six guidelines addressed the fourth equity lens criterion, by giving specific consideration to the barriers to implementation of the guideline in disadvantaged populations. There were no guidelines that addressed the second, third, and fifth equity lens criteria. Conclusions The equity lens is a useful tool to systematically examine whether clinical guidelines address the health needs and inequities experienced by disadvantaged groups. Clinical guidelines are likely to further widen the health inequities experienced by persons with intellectual disabilities, and other disadvantaged groups, by being preferentially advantageous to the general population. There is a need to systematically incorporate methods to consider disadvantaged population groups into the processes used to develop clinical guidelines. PMID:22578137

Chinese Opportunities in Career Education (Project CHOICE). 1990-91 Final Evaluation Profile. OREA Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York City Board of Education, Brooklyn, NY. Office of Research, Evaluation, and Assessment.

An evaluation was done of New York City Public Schools' Chinese Opportunities in Career Education Program (Project CHOICE), which served economically disadvantaged Chinese American high school students of limited English proficiency. The project operated at two Manhattan high schools and served 523 students, of whom 94.6 percent were eligible for…

23 CFR 230.111 - Implementation of special requirements for the provision of on-the-job training.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... to be provided training therein: (1) Availability of minorities, women, and disadvantaged for..., women and disadvantaged persons. (2) The development of full journeymen. (3) The minimum length and type... them, the training standards are made known in the advertised specifications, and such standards are...

A Summary of Project Open Horizons, Phase I: Implementation and Data Analysis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grantham, Robert J.; Gordon, Myra

Project "Open Horizons," in Buffalo and Niagara Falls, New York, was born out of a recognition that minority adolescents in disadvantaged communities face serious social and personal problems in the area of career development. The originators of the project were seeking an effective methodology for exposing disadvantaged youth to a…

Analysis of Social and Personality Variables as Predictors of Preacademic Competence among Disadvantaged Preschoolers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mantzicopoulos, Panayota Y.; And Others

This study collected data on 112 disadvantaged preschoolers in central Indiana to determine predictors of preacademic competence at the end of the Head Start year. Parents were interviewed to assess home educational environment, parenting dimensions, and daily stress factors. Teacher ratings of children's behavior, social skills, and competence in…

The impact of having a sibling with an intellectual disability: parental perspectives in two disorders.

PubMed

Mulroy, S; Robertson, L; Aiberti, K; Leonard, H; Bower, C

2008-03-01

The potential effects on other children when there is a child with intellectual disability (ID) in the family are being increasingly recognized. This study describes the impact of having a sibling with Down syndrome or Rett syndrome using a questionnaire completed by parents. The parents of 186 Western Australian children with Down syndrome and 141 Australian girls and women with Rett syndrome participated in the study. Patterns of reporting disadvantages and/or benefits were compared across a number of child and family variables (age, functional ability and birth order of the affected child, number of siblings and number of parents in the family home) and by socio-economic status as measured by the index of relative socio-economic disadvantage and by area of residence. Parents' responses to open-ended questions about the benefits and/or disadvantages for siblings of their child were analysed for themes. The majority of parents in the Rett syndrome and Down syndrome groups reported both disadvantages and benefits for siblings. In the Rett syndrome group, families from outer regional areas were the least likely to mention disadvantages and those with a smaller family more likely to note disadvantages. In both groups, more socio-economically advantaged families were more likely to report disadvantages. In the Down syndrome group, benefits were also more commonly reported by parents who were socio-economically advantaged, and by larger and two-parent families. Major disadvantages for siblings centred around parental and personal time constraints, relationships and socializing, restrictions, parental emotion and burden of helping. Major benefits were related to personality characteristics. Parents identified both benefits and disadvantages to the siblings of their child with either Rett syndrome or Down syndrome. It is important that these findings are incorporated into any discussion around the impact on the family of a child diagnosed with an ID.

Multiple Levels of Social Disadvantage and Links to Obesity in Adolescence and Young Adulthood

PubMed Central

Harris, Kathleen Mullan; Lee, Joyce

2013-01-01

Background The rise in adolescent obesity has become a public health concern, especially because of its impact on disadvantaged youth. This paper examines the role of disadvantage at the family-, peer-, school- and neighborhood-level, to determine which contexts are related to obesity in adolescence and young adulthood. Methods We analyzed longitudinal data from Waves I (1994-95), II (1996), and III (2001-02) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a nationally-representative population-based sample of adolescents in grades 7-12 in 1995 who were followed into young adulthood. We assessed the relationship between obesity in adolescence and young adulthood, and disadvantage (measured by low parent education in adolescence) at the family-, peer-, school-, and neighborhood-level using multilevel logistic regression. Results When all levels of disadvantage were modeled simultaneously, school-level disadvantage was significantly associated with obesity in adolescence for males and females and family-level disadvantage was significantly associated with obesity in young adulthood for females. Conclusions Schools may serve as a primary setting for obesity prevention efforts. Because obesity in adolescence tracks into adulthood, it is important to consider prevention efforts at this stage in the life course, in addition to early childhood, particularly among disadvantaged populations. PMID:23343314

Multiple levels of social disadvantage and links to obesity in adolescence and young adulthood.

PubMed

Lee, Hedwig; Harris, Kathleen M; Lee, Joyce

2013-03-01

The rise in adolescent obesity has become a public health concern, especially because of its impact on disadvantaged youth. This article examines the role of disadvantage at the family-, peer-, school-, and neighborhood-level, to determine which contexts are related to obesity in adolescence and young adulthood. We analyzed longitudinal data from Waves I (1994-1995), II (1996), and III (2001-2002) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a nationally representative population-based sample of adolescents in grades 7-12 in 1995 who were followed into young adulthood. We assessed the relationship between obesity in adolescence and young adulthood, and disadvantage (measured by low parent education in adolescence) at the family-, peer-, school-, and neighborhood-level using multilevel logistic regression. When all levels of disadvantage were modeled simultaneously, school-level disadvantage was significantly associated with obesity in adolescence for males and females and family-level disadvantage was significantly associated with obesity in young adulthood for females. Schools may serve as a primary setting for obesity prevention efforts. Because obesity in adolescence tracks into adulthood, it is important to consider prevention efforts at this stage in the life course, in addition to early childhood, particularly among disadvantaged populations. © 2013, American School Health Association.

A Guide for the Person with a Disability: Independent Living with Attendant Care.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Board, Mary Ann; And Others

The final manual of a series on attendant care for severely disabled persons is intended to help persons with a disability to hire and manage personal care attendants (PCAs). Models--private and shared systems--are reviewed, and advantages and disadvantages of each noted. Suggestions for interviewing and hiring PCAs include guidelines for…

Advantages and Disadvantages of Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery and Its Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life.

PubMed

Yoshida, Go; Boissiere, Louis; Larrieu, Daniel; Bourghli, Anouar; Vital, Jean Marc; Gille, Olivier; Pointillart, Vincent; Challier, Vincent; Mariey, Remi; Pellisé, Ferran; Vila-Casademunt, Alba; Perez-Grueso, Francisco Javier Sánchez; Alanay, Ahmet; Acaroglu, Emre; Kleinstück, Frank; Obeid, Ibrahim

2017-03-15

Prospective multicenter study of adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. To clarify the effect of ASD surgery on each health-related quality of life (HRQOL) subclass/domain. For patients with ASD, surgery offers superior radiological and HRQOL outcomes compared with nonoperative care. HRQOL may, however, be affected by surgical advantages related to corrective effects, yielding adequate spinopelvic alignment and stability or disadvantages because of long segment fusion. The study included 170 consecutive patients with ASD from a multicenter database with more than 2-year follow-up period. We analyzed each HRQOL domain/subclass (short form-36 items, Oswestry Disability Index, Scoliosis Research Society-22 [SRS-22] questionnaire), and radiographic parameters preoperatively and at 1 and 2 years postoperatively. We divided the patients into two groups each based on lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV; above L5 or S1 to ilium) or surgeon-determined preoperative pathology (idiopathic or degenerative). Improvement rate (%) was calculated as follows: 100 × |pre.-post.|/preoperative points (%) (+, advantages; -, disadvantages). The scores of all short form-36 items and SRS-22 subclasses improved at 1 and 2 years after surgery, regardless of LIV location and preoperative pathology. Personal care and lifting in Oswestry Disability Index were, however, not improved after 1 year. These disadvantages were correlated to sagittal modifiers of SRS-Schwab classification similar to other HRQOL. The degree of personal care disadvantage mainly depended on LIV location and preoperative pathology. Although personal care improved after 2 years postoperatively, no noticeable improvements in lifting were recorded. HRQOL subclass analysis indicated two disadvantages of ASD surgery, which were correlated to sagittal radiographic measures. Fusion to the sacrum or ilium greatly restricted the ability to stretch or bend, leading to limited daily activities for at least 1 year postoperatively, although this effect may subside after another year. Consequently, spinal surgeons should note the effect of surgical treatment on each HRQOL domain and counsel patients about the implications of surgery. 4.

Occupational Preparation. Module 2: Career Exploration. Instructor Guide. Student Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gunderson, Margaret; Jurgesmeyer, Patricia A.

This unit is one of three self-contained modules for self-assessment, career exploration, and life skills designed for use with special populations (persons with disabilities, educationally and economically disadvantaged persons, persons with limited English proficiency, students in programs designed to eliminate sex bias, and prisoners) in…

Waste management: how reducing partiality can promote efficient resource allocation.

PubMed

Choshen-Hillel, Shoham; Shaw, Alex; Caruso, Eugene M

2015-08-01

Two central principles that guide resource-allocation decisions are equity (providing equal pay for equal work) and efficiency (not wasting resources). When these two principles conflict with one another, people will often waste resources to avoid inequity. We suggest that people wish to avoid inequity not because they find it inherently unfair, but because they want to avoid the appearance of partiality associated with it. We explore one way to reduce waste by reducing the perceived partiality of inequitable allocations. Specifically, we hypothesize that people will be more likely to favor an efficient (albeit inequitable) allocation if it puts them in a disadvantaged position than if it puts others in a disadvantaged position. To test this hypothesis, we asked participants to choose between giving some extra resource to one person (thereby creating inequity between this person and equally deserving others) and not giving the resource to anyone (thereby wasting the resource). Six studies, using realistic scenarios and behavioral paradigms, provide robust evidence for a self-disadvantaging effect: Allocators were consistently more likely to create inequity to avoid wasting resources when the resulting inequity would put them at a relative disadvantage than when it would put others at a relative disadvantage. We further find that this self-disadvantaging effect is a direct result of people's concern about appearing partial. Our findings suggest the importance of impartiality even in distributive justice, thereby bridging a gap between the distributive and procedural justice literatures. (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved.

Education and Health in Late-Life among High School Graduates: Cognitive versus Psychological Aspects of Human Capital

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Herd, Pamela

2010-01-01

Just as postsecondary schooling serves as a dividing line between the advantaged and disadvantaged on outcomes like income and marital status, it also serves as a dividing line between the healthy and unhealthy. Why are the better educated healthier? Human capital theory posits that education makes one healthier via cognitive (skill improvements)…

Proceedings of a National Multicultural Seminar on Mental Retardation among Minority Disadvantaged Populations (Norfolk, Virginia, October 10-12, 1977).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

President's Committee on Mental Retardation, Washington, DC.

The National Multicultural Seminar on Mental Retardation among Minority Disadvantaged Populations was initiated in response to concern about the root causes of mental retardation especially in mild forms which tend to be more prevalent and more devastating among persons living in depressed, disrupted, and impoverished environments. Nineteen papers…

A Study of Four Library Programs for Disadvantaged Persons.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Winsor, Charlotte B.; Burrows, Lodema

This is a study of four projects in New York City which were established with federal grants to offer library service to the disadvantaged in the area. The four programs studied are the Preschool Project of the Brooklyn Public Library, the Community Coordinator Project of the Brooklyn Public Library, the North Manhattan Project of the New York…

Language Attitudes of Urban Disadvantaged Female Students in India: An Ethnographic Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vaish, Viniti

2008-01-01

This paper qualitatively documents and analyses the attitudes and identities of female students from the urban disadvantaged social class towards English and Hindi in the city of New Delhi. These attitudes include not only instrumental views of English but also the impression that it creates a new personality for an individual. English is part of…

When does hardship matter for health? Neighborhood and individual disadvantages and functional somatic symptoms from adolescence to mid-life in The Northern Swedish Cohort.

PubMed

Gustafsson, Per E; San Sebastian, Miguel

2014-01-01

A large body of research has shown that health is influenced by disadvantaged living conditions, including both personal and neighborhood conditions. Little is however known to what degree the health impact of different forms of disadvantage differ along the life course. The present study aims to examine when, during the life course, neighborhood and individual disadvantages relate to functional somatic symptoms. Participants (n = 992) came from The Northern Swedish Cohort and followed from age 16, 21, 30 until 42 years. Functional somatic symptoms, socioeconomic disadvantage, and social and material adversity were measured through questionnaires and linked to register data on neighborhood disadvantage. Data was analyzed with longitudinal and cross-sectional multilevel models. Results showed that neighborhood disadvantage, social and material adversity and gender all contributed independently to overall levels of symptoms across the life course. Cross-sectional analyses also suggested that the impact of disadvantage differed between life course periods; neighborhood disadvantage was most important in young adulthood, and the relative importance of material versus social adversity increased as participants grew older. In summary, the study suggests that disadvantages from different contextual sources may affect functional somatic health across the life course, but also through life course specific patterns.

The truly disadvantaged? Midlife outcome dynamics of individuals with experiences of out-of-home care.

PubMed

Brännström, Lars; Forsman, Hilma; Vinnerljung, Bo; Almquist, Ylva B

2017-05-01

Little is known about developmental outcomes in midlife of persons who were placed in out-of-home care (OHC) in childhood. Utilizing longitudinal Swedish data from a cohort of more than 14,000 individuals who we can follow from birth (1953) to the age of 55 (2008), this study examines midlife trajectories of social, economic, and health-related disadvantages with a specific focus on the complexity, timing, and duration of disadvantage in individuals with and without childhood experience of OHC. Roughly half of the OHC alumni did not have disadvantaged outcomes in midlife. However, experience of OHC was associated with a two-fold risk for various forms of permanent disadvantage, net of confounding factors. Implications for research, policy, and practice are discussed. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

California's digital divide: clinical information systems for the haves and have-nots.

PubMed

Miller, Robert H; D'Amato, Katherine; Oliva, Nancy; West, Christopher E; Adelson, Joel W

2009-01-01

Strong barriers prevent the financing of clinical information systems (CIS) in health care delivery system organizations in market segments serving disadvantaged patients. These segments include community health centers, public hospitals, unaffiliated rural hospitals, and some Medicaid-oriented solo and small-group medical practices. Policy interventions such as loans, grants, pay-for-performance and other reimbursement changes, and support services assistance will help lower these barriers. Without intervention, progress will be slow and worsen health care disparities between the advantaged and disadvantaged populations.

Life-Course Accumulation of Neighborhood Disadvantage and Allostatic Load: Empirical Integration of Three Social Determinants of Health Frameworks

PubMed Central

Gustafsson, Per E.; San Sebastian, Miguel; Janlert, Urban; Theorell, Töres; Westerlund, Hugo; Hammarström, Anne

2014-01-01

Objectives. We examined if the accumulation of neighborhood disadvantages from adolescence to mid-adulthood were related to allostatic load, a measure of cumulative biological risk, in mid-adulthood, and explored whether this association was similar in women and men. Methods. Data were from the participants in the Northern Swedish Cohort (analytical n = 818) at ages 16, 21, 30, and 43 years in 1981, 1986, 1995, and 2008. Personal living conditions were self-reported at each wave. At age 43 years, 12 biological markers were measured to operationalize allostatic load. Registered data for all residents in the cohort participants’ neighborhoods at each wave were used to construct a cumulative measure of neighborhood disadvantage. Associations were examined in ordinary least-squares regression models. Results. We found that cumulative neighborhood disadvantage between ages 16 and 43 years was related to higher allostatic load at age 43 years after adjusting for personal living conditions in the total sample (B = 0.11; P = .004) and in men (B = 0.16; P = .004), but not in women (B = 0.07; P = .248). Conclusions. Our findings suggested that neighborhood disadvantage acted cumulatively over the life course on biological wear and tear, and exemplified the gains of integrating social determinants of health frameworks. PMID:24625161

Addressing an Overlooked Science Outreach Audience: Development of a Science Mentorship Program Focusing on Critical Thinking Skills for Adults Working toward a High School Equivalency Degree

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gagnon, Nicole L.; Komor, Anna J.

2017-01-01

Adult learners seeking a high school equivalency degree are a highly motivated group of students that almost universally meet outreach audience goals of serving minority, low-income, and other disadvantaged populations. Despite the demonstrated need of this population, these students are not commonly served by university-sponsored science outreach…

13 CFR 124.109 - Do Indian tribes and Alaska Native Corporations have any special rules for applying to the 8(a...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... need not establish personal social and economic disadvantage. (5) Paragraphs (b)(3)(i), (ii) and (iv... must comply with the provisions of paragraph (c) of this section. (1) Social disadvantage. An Indian... managerial experience and competency of the individual(s) who will manage and control the daily operation of...

Disadvantaged Children and Their First School Experiences: ETS-OEO Longitudinal Study. Theoretical Considerations and Measurement Strategies. Appendices Related to Measures.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ.

This report is part of a comprehensive study of the cognitive, personal, and social development of disadvantaged children over the crucial period age three through grade three. The aims of the study are to identify the components of early education associated with children's development, to determine the environmental and background factors…

Building Social and Cultural Capital among Young People in Disadvantaged Communities: Lessons from a Brazilian Sport-Based Intervention Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spaaij, Ramon

2012-01-01

This article explores the concepts of social and cultural capital as analytical tools for investigating the capacity of sport-based intervention programs to contribute to the personal, social and professional development of disadvantaged young people. It draws on survey data (n = 129) and qualitative interviews (n = 53) with participants of the…

Social Disadvantage and Network Turnover

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Objectives. Research shows that socially disadvantaged groups—especially African Americans and people of low socioeconomic status (SES)—experience more unstable social environments. I argue that this causes higher rates of turnover within their personal social networks. This is a particularly important issue among disadvantaged older adults, who may benefit from stable networks. This article, therefore, examines whether social disadvantage is related to various aspects of personal network change. Method. Social network change was assessed using longitudinal egocentric network data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, a study of older adults conducted between 2005 and 2011. Data collection in Wave 2 included a technique for comparing respondents’ confidant network rosters between waves. Rates of network losses, deaths, and additions were modeled using multivariate Poisson regression. Results. African Americans and low-SES individuals lost more confidants—especially due to death—than did whites and college-educated respondents. African Americans also added more confidants than whites. However, neither African Americans nor low-SES individuals were able to match confidant losses with new additions to the extent that others did, resulting in higher levels of confidant network shrinkage. These trends are partly, but not entirely, explained by disadvantaged individuals’ poorer health and their greater risk of widowhood or marital dissolution. Discussion. Additional work is needed to shed light on the role played by race- and class-based segregation on group differences in social network turnover. Social gerontologists should examine the role these differences play in explaining the link between social disadvantage and important outcomes in later life, such as health decline. PMID:24997286

Race, Employment Disadvantages, and Heavy Drinking: A Multilevel Model.

PubMed

Lo, Celia C; Cheng, Tyrone C

2015-01-01

We intended to determine (1) whether stress from employment disadvantages led to increased frequency of heavy drinking and (2) whether race had a role in the relationship between such disadvantages and heavy drinking. Study data came from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, a prospective study that has followed a representative sample of youth since 1979. Our study employed data from 11 particular years, during which the survey included items measuring respondents' heavy drinking. Our final sample numbered 10,171 respondents, which generated 75,394 person-waves for data analysis. Both of our hypotheses were supported by results from multilevel mixed-effects linear regression capturing the time-varying nature of three employment disadvantages and of the heavy-drinking outcome. Results show that more-frequent heavy drinking was associated with employment disadvantages, and that disadvantages' effects on drinking were stronger for Blacks and Hispanics than for Whites. That worsening employment disadvantages have worse effects on minority groups' heavy drinking (compared to Whites) probably contributes to the racial health disparities in our nation. Policies and programs addressing such disparities are especially important during economic downturns.

The Enduring Significance of Racism: Discrimination and Delinquency Among Black American Youth

PubMed Central

Martin, Monica J.; McCarthy, Bill; Conger, Rand D.; Gibbons, Frederick X.; Simons, Ronald L.; Cutrona, Carolyn E.; Brody, Gene H.

2011-01-01

Prominent explanations of the overrepresentation of Black Americans in criminal justice statistics focus on the effects of neighborhood concentrated disadvantage, racial isolation, and social disorganization. We suggest that perceived personal discrimination is an important but frequently neglected complement to these factors. We test this hypothesis with longitudinal data on involvement in general and violent juvenile delinquency in a sample of Black youth from a variety of communities in 2 states. We examine the direct effects of concentrated disadvantage and racial isolation and the direct and mediating effects of social organization, support for violence, and personal discrimination. Consistent with our hypothesis, perceived personal discrimination has notable direct effects on both general and violent delinquency and is an important mediator between neighborhood structural conditions and offending; moreover, its effects exceed those associated with neighborhood conditions. PMID:21941426

Home and away: Area socioeconomic disadvantage and obesity risk.

PubMed

Kimbro, Rachel Tolbert; Sharp, Gregory; Denney, Justin T

2017-03-01

Although residential context is linked to obesity risk, less is known about how the additional places where we work, shop, play, and worship may influence that risk. We employ longitudinal data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (LAFANS) to derive time-weighted measures of exposure to home and activity space contexts to ascertain the impacts of each on obesity risk for adults. Results show that increased exposure to socioeconomic disadvantage in the residential neighborhood significantly increases obesity risk, and although activity space disadvantage does not directly influence obesity, it reduces the association between residential disadvantage and obesity. We further explore the ways in which residential and activity space disadvantages may interact to influence obesity and discuss the value of integrating personal exposure and activity space contexts to better understand how places contribute to individual health risks. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Introduction: lesbians and work: the advantages and disadvantages of comfortable shoes.

PubMed

Brand, Pamela A

2008-01-01

This collection of research articles and personal essays on Lesbians and Work is introduced, highlighting some of the advantages and disadvantages that lesbians experience when they engage in paid work outside the home. Although lesbians in the U.S. and elsewhere experience similar workplace discrimination and stress, there are many different ways in which lesbian women respond to discrimination and manage stress.

Do Negro Children Project a Self-Image of Helplessness and Inadequacy in Drawing a Person?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderson, Norman B.; And Others

It was assumed on the basis of projection theory that a picture of a person drawn by a child reflects that child's self-image. Six hundred ninety-eight 7-year-old economically disadvantaged children (Negro N=232, white N=466) were told to draw a picture of a person. Each picture was then scored as a Draw-A-Person Test. There was no significant…

Toward Explaining Mental Health Disparities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aneshensel, Carol S.

2009-01-01

Mental health disparities refer to the disproportionate amount of psychopathology found among persons of disadvantageous social standing, such as persons of low socioeconomic status (SES). Although social and self selection cannot entirely be ruled out as explanations for these differences, the accumulation of evidence supports a social causation…

Personality Characteristics of Black Adolescents

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Nina W.

1977-01-01

This research attempted to determine 1) the personality profiles of disadvantaged Black adolescents on Holland's Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI) and Gough's Adjective Checklist (ACL), 2) if this group differed significantly on the VPI from Blacks attending college, and 3) what implications for programming and planning could be determined…

Gifted Children Among Minority Groups: A Crying Need for Recognition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

South, Jean-Anne

1971-01-01

There are too few teachers and librarians geared to serving the ghetto children who might have the spark of genius. Our outreach programs to the disadvantaged and minority children have encouraged mediocrity. (Author/NH)

Obesity and socioeconomic disadvantage in midlife female public sector employees: a cohort study.

PubMed

Hiilamo, Aapo; Lallukka, Tea; Mänty, Minna; Kouvonen, Anne

2017-10-24

The two-way relationship between obesity and socioeconomic disadvantage is well established but previous studies on social and economic consequences of obesity have primarily focused on relatively young study populations. We examined whether obesity is associated with socioeconomic disadvantage through the 10-12-year follow-up, and how obesity-related socioeconomic inequalities develop during midlife among women. Baseline data were derived from the female population of the Helsinki Health Study cohort, comprising 40-60 -year-old employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland in 2000-2002 (n = 6913, response rate 69%). The follow-up surveys were carried out in 2007 (n = 5810) and 2012 (n = 5400). Socioeconomic disadvantage was measured by five dichotomous measures. Repeated logistic regression analyses utilising generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to test the association between baseline self-reported obesity and the likelihood of socioeconomic disadvantage through all phases. The effect of time on the development of inequalities was examined by time interaction terms in random effect logistic regression models. After adjustment for educational level, baseline obesity was associated with repeated poverty (OR = 1.23; 95% CI; 1.05-1.44), frequent economic difficulties (OR = 1.74; 95% CI; 1.52-1.99), low household net income (OR = 1.23; 95% CI; 1.07-1.41), low household wealth (OR = 1.90; 95% CI; 1.59-2.26) and low personal income (OR = 1.22; 95% CI; 1.03-1.44). The differences in poverty rate and low personal income between the participants with obesity and participants with normal weight widened during the follow-up. Living without a partner and early exit from paid employment explained the widening of inequalities. Weight status inequalities in socioeconomic disadvantage persisted or widened during the late adulthood.

An Online, Moderated Peer-to-Peer Support Bulletin Board for Depression: User-Perceived Advantages and Disadvantages

PubMed Central

Reynolds, Julia; Vassallo, Sara

2015-01-01

Background Online, peer-to-peer support groups for depression are common on the World Wide Web and there is some evidence of their effectiveness. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which Internet support groups (ISGs) might work. Objective This study aimed to investigate consumer perceptions of the benefits and disadvantages of online peer-to-peer support by undertaking a content analysis of the spontaneous posts on BlueBoard, a well-established, moderated, online depression bulletin board. Methods The research set comprised all posts on the board (n=3645) for each of 3 months selected at 4 monthly intervals over 2011. The data were analyzed using content analysis and multiple coders. Results A total of 586 relevant posts were identified, 453 (77.3%) reporting advantages and 133 (22.7%) reporting disadvantages. Positive personal change (335/453, 74.0%) and valued social interactions and support (296/453, 65.3%) emerged as perceived advantages. Other identified benefits were valued opportunities to disclose/express feelings or views (29/453, 6.4%) and advantages of the BlueBoard environment (45/453, 9.9%). Disadvantages were negative personal change (50/133, 37.6%), perceived disadvantages of board rules/moderation (42/133, 31.6%), unhelpful social interactions/contact with other members (40/133, 30.1%), and technical obstacles to using the board (14/133, 10.5%). Conclusions Consumers value the opportunity to participate in an online mutual support group for mental health concerns. Further research is required to better understand how and if these perceived advantages translate into positive outcomes for consumers, and whether the perceived disadvantages of such boards can be addressed without compromising the safety and positive outcomes of the board. PMID:26543919

An Online, Moderated Peer-to-Peer Support Bulletin Board for Depression: User-Perceived Advantages and Disadvantages.

PubMed

Griffiths, Kathleen Margaret; Reynolds, Julia; Vassallo, Sara

2015-01-01

Online, peer-to-peer support groups for depression are common on the World Wide Web and there is some evidence of their effectiveness. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which Internet support groups (ISGs) might work. This study aimed to investigate consumer perceptions of the benefits and disadvantages of online peer-to-peer support by undertaking a content analysis of the spontaneous posts on BlueBoard, a well-established, moderated, online depression bulletin board. The research set comprised all posts on the board (n=3645) for each of 3 months selected at 4 monthly intervals over 2011. The data were analyzed using content analysis and multiple coders. A total of 586 relevant posts were identified, 453 (77.3%) reporting advantages and 133 (22.7%) reporting disadvantages. Positive personal change (335/453, 74.0%) and valued social interactions and support (296/453, 65.3%) emerged as perceived advantages. Other identified benefits were valued opportunities to disclose/express feelings or views (29/453, 6.4%) and advantages of the BlueBoard environment (45/453, 9.9%). Disadvantages were negative personal change (50/133, 37.6%), perceived disadvantages of board rules/moderation (42/133, 31.6%), unhelpful social interactions/contact with other members (40/133, 30.1%), and technical obstacles to using the board (14/133, 10.5%). Consumers value the opportunity to participate in an online mutual support group for mental health concerns. Further research is required to better understand how and if these perceived advantages translate into positive outcomes for consumers, and whether the perceived disadvantages of such boards can be addressed without compromising the safety and positive outcomes of the board.

Understanding Mental Illness Stigma Toward Persons With Multiple Stigmatized Conditions: Implications of Intersectionality Theory.

PubMed

Oexle, Nathalie; Corrigan, Patrick W

2018-05-01

People with mental illness are often members of multiple stigmatized social groups. Therefore, experienced disadvantage might not be determined solely by mental illness stigma. Nevertheless, most available research does not consider the effects and implications of membership in multiple stigmatized social groups among people with mental illness. Reflecting on intersectionality theory, the authors discuss two intersectional effects determining disadvantage among people with mental illness who are members of multiple stigmatized social groups, namely double disadvantage and prominence. To be effective, interventions to reduce disadvantage experienced by people with mental illness need to be flexible and targeted rather than universal in order to address the implications of intersectionality. Whereas education-based approaches usually assume homogeneity and use universal strategies, contact-based interventions consider diversity among people with mental illness.

The Influence of Advertising on Attendance at Park Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reyburn, Jerry H.; Knudson, Douglas M.

1975-01-01

Investigated were the effects on attendance of four types of pre-program advertising: no advertising, personal invitation, signs, and innovation. All three advertising treatments increased program attendance over no advertising. Each advertising technique has advantages and disadvantages. Signs are impersonal, but effective. Personal invitation is…

Social Disadvantage and Crime

PubMed Central

Wikström, Per-Olof H.; Treiber, Kyle

2016-01-01

In this article, we analyze the relationship between social disadvantage and crime, starting from the paradox that most persistent offenders come from disadvantaged backgrounds, but most people from disadvantaged backgrounds do not become persistent offenders. We argue that despite the fact that social disadvantage has been a key criminological topic for some time, the mechanisms which link it to offending remain poorly specified. Drawing on situational action theory, we suggest social disadvantage is linked to crime because more people from disadvantaged versus affluent backgrounds develop a high crime propensity and are exposed to criminogenic contexts, and the reason for this is that processes of social and self-selection place the former more frequently in (developmental and action) contexts conducive to the development and expression of high crime propensities. This article will explore this hypothesis through a series of analyses using data from the Peterborough Adolescent and Young Adult Development Study (PADS+), a longitudinal study which uses a range of data collection methods to study the interaction between personal characteristics and social environments. It pays particular attention to the macro-to-micro processes behind the intersection of people with certain characteristics and environments with certain features – i.e., their exposure – which leads to their interaction. PMID:27524829

Environmental perceptions as mediators of the relationship between the objective built environment and walking among socio-economically disadvantaged women.

PubMed

Van Dyck, Delfien; Veitch, Jenny; De Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse; Thornton, Lukar; Ball, Kylie

2013-09-19

Women living in socio-economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods are at increased risk for physical inactivity and associated health outcomes and are difficult to reach through personally tailored interventions. Targeting the built environment may be an effective strategy in this population subgroup. The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of environmental perceptions in the relationship between the objective environment and walking for transportation/recreation among women from socio-economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Baseline data of the Resilience for Eating and Activity Despite Inequality (READI) study were used. In total, 4139 women (18-46 years) completed a postal survey assessing physical environmental perceptions (aesthetics, neighbourhood physical activity environment, personal safety, neighbourhood social cohesion), physical activity, and socio-demographics. Objectively-assessed data on street connectivity and density of destinations were collected using a Geographic Information System database and based on the objective z-scores, an objective destinations/connectivity score was calculated. This index was positively scored, with higher scores representing a more favourable environment. Two-level mixed models regression analyses were conducted and the MacKinnon product-of-coefficients test was used to examine the mediating effects. The destinations/connectivity score was positively associated with transport-related walking. The perceived physical activity environment mediated 6.1% of this positive association. The destinations/connectivity score was negatively associated with leisure-time walking. Negative perceptions of aesthetics, personal safety and social cohesion of the neighbourhood jointly mediated 24.1% of this negative association. For women living in socio-economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods, environmental perceptions were important mediators of the relationship between the objective built environment and walking. To increase both transport-related and leisure-time walking, it is necessary to improve both objective walkability-related characteristics (street connectivity and proximity of destinations), and perceptions of personal safety, favourable aesthetics and neighbourhood social cohesion.

A New Technique for Personality Scale Construction. Preliminary Findings.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schaffner, Paul E.; Darlington, Richard B.

Most methods of personality scale construction have clear statistical disadvantages. A hybrid method (Darlington and Bishop, 1966) was found to increase scale validity more than any other method, with large item pools. A simple modification of the Darlington-Bishop method (algebraically and conceptually similar to ridge regression, but…

Industry-Education Collaboration for Special Needs Youth and Adults.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phelps, L. Allen; Treichel, Janet

This publication examines seven programs that emphasize industrial and educational collaboration for special needs youth and adults in Illinois. The programs use various strategies to help persons with special needs, such as disadvantaged, handicapped, and limited-English-proficient persons, to prepare for the economic and employment mainstream.…

How Fern Creek Is Beating Goliath

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Donovan, Margaret; Galatowitsch, Patrick; Hefferin, Keri; Highland, Shanita

2013-01-01

The "David" is Fern Creek Elementary, a small urban school in Orlando, Florida, that serves an overwhelmingly disadvantaged student population. The "Goliaths" are the mountains of problems that many inner-city students face--poverty, homelessness, mobility, instability, limited parent involvement, and violent neighborhood…

Labor Needs to Better Select, Monitor, and Evaluate its Employment and Training Awardees.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-08-28

of the act. In con - trast, the Congress felt that programs for persons who face spe- cial disadvantages in the labor markets were best administered...employment, training, and related services to /, disadvantaged groups in labor markets. GAO found that this Office --used sole source awards without ad...better work agreements and/or lower costs resulting from competition, the Office should justify each instance when it con - siders only one organization

[A project for the occupational reintegration of impaired subjects].

PubMed

Capodaglio, E M; Giorgi, I; Capodaglio, P; Morelli, L; Mattazzi, G M; Nervi, O

2000-01-01

In this paper we have explained the criteria for an integrated socio-medical intervention (Local Health Care Institution, Cooperation, Scientific Institute of Care and Research) within the frame of a Communitary Initiative titled "Local network for return to work of persons with social disadvantage". The goal of the Initiative is to "create and experiment new facilities to support intervention strategies for return-to-work, and to start a virtuous circle matching the demands of both the disadvantaged persons and the local labour market". In the paper we describe the functional evaluations, performed in the Medical Center of Pavia by specialists in the field of Rehabilitation, Psychology and Ergonomy, and the following return-to-work phase, performed by operators of the Cooperation.

["Just its Meaning is Hard to Understand … Because of the Words" --A Qualitative Study on the Suitability of Health-Related Information for Socially Disadvantaged People].

PubMed

Leistner, U; Kretzschmann, C; Heil, A M; Menkouo, C; Grande, G

2015-11-01

Due to a higher prevalence estimates of risk factors, it is assumed that socially disadvantaged persons have a considerable need for health-related information and prevention. Yet this target group is hardly ever reached. There is a need to examine whether available health-related information is appropriate for the needs of socially disadvantaged people. On behalf of the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) a qualitative study was conducted to evaluate published health-related information by socially disadvantaged people. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 28 persons with low income, low occupational status and a very low education level. 7 different types of health information (4 texts and 1 film, quiz and flyer each) were evaluated regarding their suitability. The interviews were audio-taped, transcribed according to protocol, and qualitatively analysed in view of the central questions. Respondents evaluate the film format most positively, because of the vividness of the contents. In text-based information, a clear structure of the text and the use of case examples are particularly advantageous. All respondents accept the credibility of the given information. Problems occur regarding the comprehensibility and sentence structures with complex information. Numerous technical terms and foreign words remain misunderstood, even though explanations are given in the text. Compact contents and the description of several alternative therapy options are experienced as overstraining. Furthermore, the recognition of hazard potentials is hindered by misinterpretation of percentages or negated descriptions of frequencies. Some respondents doubt that they would read text-based health information voluntarily in their everyday life, especially when texts are lengthy. The respondents wish clear guidance, which relieves them of an active informed decision-making. They prefer advice they can apply in their everyday life and to recognise their personal affliction in the information. It becomes apparent that the health-related information published by the IQWiG only partly meets the needs of socially disadvantaged people. But a mere simplification of the content seems insufficient. Instead a more detailed consideration of the personal circumstances of the target group and a better communication of practical information are needed. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Cross-sectional analysis of association between socioeconomic status and utilization of primary total hip joint replacements 2006-7: Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry.

PubMed

Brennan, Sharon L; Stanford, Tyman; Wluka, Anita E; Henry, Margaret J; Page, Richard S; Graves, Stephen E; Kotowicz, Mark A; Nicholson, Geoffrey C; Pasco, Julie A

2012-04-30

The utilization of total hip replacement (THR) surgery is rapidly increasing, however few data examine whether these procedures are associated with socioeconomic status (SES) within Australia. This study examined primary THR across SES for both genders for the Barwon Statistical Division (BSD) of Victoria, Australia. Using the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry data for 2006-7, primary THR with a diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA) among residents of the BSD was ascertained. The Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage was used to measure SES; determined by matching residential addresses with Australian Bureau of Statistics census data. The data were categorised into quintiles; quintile 1 indicating the most disadvantaged. Age- and sex-specific rates of primary THR per 1,000 person years were reported for 10-year age bands using the total population at risk. Females accounted for 46.9% of the 642 primary THR performed during 2006-7. THR utilization per 1,000 person years was 1.9 for males and 1.5 for females. The highest utilization of primary THR was observed in those aged 70-79 years (males 6.1, and females 5.4 per 1,000 person years). Overall, the U-shaped pattern of THR across SES gave the appearance of bimodality for both males and females, whereby rates were greater for both the most disadvantaged and least disadvantaged groups. Further work on a larger scale is required to determine whether relationships between SES and THR utilization for the diagnosis of OA is attributable to lifestyle factors related to SES, or alternatively reflects geographic and health system biases. Identifying contributing factors associated with SES may enhance resource planning and enable more effective and focussed preventive strategies for hip OA.

The use of PDAs to collect baseline survey data: lessons learned from a pilot project in Bolivia.

PubMed

Escandon, I N; Searing, H; Goldberg, R; Duran, R; Arce, J Monterrey

2008-01-01

We compared the use of personal digital assistants (PDAs) against the use of standard paper questionnaires for collecting survey data. The evaluation consisted of qualitative approaches to document the process of introducing PDAs. Fieldwork was carried out during June-July 2005 at 12 sites in Bolivia. Data collectors reacted positively to the use of the PDAs and noted the advantages and disadvantages of paper and PDA data collection. A number of difficulties encountered in the use of PDA technology serve as a warning for investigators planning its adoption. Problems included incompatible data files (which impeded the ability to interpret data), an inadequate back-up protocol, and lack of a good 'fit' between the technology and the study. Ensuring the existence of a back-end database, developing an appropriate and adequate back-up protocol, and assessing whether a technology 'fits' the project are important factors in weighing the decision to collect data using PDAs.

Work–life initiatives and organizational change: Overcoming mixed messages to move from the margin to the mainstream

PubMed Central

Kossek, Ellen Ernst; Lewis, Suzan; Hammer, Leslie B

2011-01-01

This article examines perspectives on employer work–life initiatives as potential organizational change phenomena. Work–life initiatives address two main organizational challenges: structural (flexible job design, human resource policies) and cultural (supportive supervisors, climate) factors. While work–life initiatives serve a purpose in highlighting the need for organizational adaptation to changing relationships between work, family, and personal life, we argue they usually are marginalized rather than mainstreamed into organizational systems. We note mixed consequences of work–life initiatives for individuals and organizations.While they may enable employees to manage work and caregiving, they can increase work intensification and perpetuate stereotypes of ideal workers. In order to advance the field, organizations and scholars need to frame both structural and cultural work–life changes as part of the core employment systems to enhance organizational effectiveness and not just as strategies to support disadvantaged, non-ideal workers. We conclude with an overview of the articles in this special issue. PMID:22021934

Informal Mentors and Education: Complementary or Compensatory Resources?*

PubMed Central

Erickson, Lance D.; McDonald, Steve; Elder, Glen H.

2011-01-01

Few studies have examined the impact that mentoring (i.e., developing a special relationship with a non-parental adult) has on educational achievement and attainment in the general population. In addition, prior research has yet to clarify the extent to which mentoring relationships reduce inequality by enabling disadvantaged youth to compensate for a lack of social resources or promote inequality by serving as a complementary resource for advantaged youth. Results from a nationally representative sample of youth show (1) a powerful net influence of mentors on the educational success of youth and (2) how social background, parental, peer, and personal resources condition the formation and effectiveness of mentoring relationships. The findings uncover an interesting paradox—that informal mentors may simultaneously represent compensatory and complementary resources. Youth with many resources are more likely than other young people to have mentors, but those with few resources are likely to benefit more from having a mentor—particularly teacher mentors—in their lives. PMID:21912440

Tenured Women Counselor Educators at Research Universities: Navigating Multiple Roles and Personal Well-Being

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rosenberg, Melissa A.

2013-01-01

Women in academia navigate multiple professional and personal roles, and may face unique challenges to integrate their intellectual, emotional, physical, and spiritual selves. The narrative of constraint underscores the disadvantages, challenges, and inequities that women who are mothers and academics face in their lives. This lack of privilege…

A Personality Development Interpretation of Employability and Disadvantaged Status with Remedial Implications: Counseling Services Report No. 21.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Conrad, Rowan W.

Tracing problems observed among the Mountain-Plains student population, a trend of apparently improper or arrested personality development emerges. Observations indicate that a majority of the student population does not possess normally developed trust, autonomy, initiative, industry, sense of identity, or ability to develop intimate…

Personal Development: Orientation to the World of Work.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nordloh, Mary J.

The guide is one of a series of 10 units composing an orientation to the world of work course designed especially for disadvantaged and handicapped students in the ninth and tenth grades. It is designed to provide basic and remedial instruction in personal development, math, and language skills while providing information and skills basic or…

Why Public Schools Lose Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hanushek, Eric A.; Kain, John F.; Rivkin, Steven G.

2004-01-01

Many school districts experience difficulties attracting and retaining teachers, and the impending retirement of a substantial fraction of public school teachers raises the specter of sever shortages in some public schools. Schools in urban areas serving economically disadvantaged and minority students appear particularly vulnerable. This paper…

Employability of Clients Served in State Vocational Rehabilitation Agencies: A National Census.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moriarty, Joseph B.; And Others

1988-01-01

Administered Preliminary Diagnostic Questionnaire as measure of employability to national sample of 2,972 vocational rehabilitation clients. Findings regarding physical, emotional, cognitive, and motivational components of employability revealed national disadvantaged vocational rehabilitation population. Found that reduction of handicap directly…

Auto Service. Vocational Preparation Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Usoro, Hogan

Intended for instructors serving the occupational needs of disadvantaged and handicapped students, this curriculum guide contains 21 units for an auto service program. Its purposes are to provide minimum skills for students entering the mainstream, supplement vocational skills of students already mainstreamed, and provide vocational instructional…

Evaluating School Facilities in Brazil

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ornstein, Sheila Walbe; Moreira, Nanci Saraiva

2008-01-01

Brazil's Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region is conducting a performance evaluation pilot study at three schools serving disadvantaged populations. The objective is first to test methods which can facilitate Post Occupancy Evaluations (POEs) and then to carry out the evaluations. The preliminary results are provided below.

Viability of Controlling Prosthetic Hand Utilizing Electroencephalograph (EEG) Dataset Signal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miskon, Azizi; A/L Thanakodi, Suresh; Raihan Mazlan, Mohd; Mohd Haziq Azhar, Satria; Nooraya Mohd Tawil, Siti

2016-11-01

This project presents the development of an artificial hand controlled by Electroencephalograph (EEG) signal datasets for the prosthetic application. The EEG signal datasets were used as to improvise the way to control the prosthetic hand compared to the Electromyograph (EMG). The EMG has disadvantages to a person, who has not used the muscle for a long time and also to person with degenerative issues due to age factor. Thus, the EEG datasets found to be an alternative for EMG. The datasets used in this work were taken from Brain Computer Interface (BCI) Project. The datasets were already classified for open, close and combined movement operations. It served the purpose as an input to control the prosthetic hand by using an Interface system between Microsoft Visual Studio and Arduino. The obtained results reveal the prosthetic hand to be more efficient and faster in response to the EEG datasets with an additional LiPo (Lithium Polymer) battery attached to the prosthetic. Some limitations were also identified in terms of the hand movements, weight of the prosthetic, and the suggestions to improve were concluded in this paper. Overall, the objective of this paper were achieved when the prosthetic hand found to be feasible in operation utilizing the EEG datasets.

Preventive education and birth order as co-determinants of IQ in disadvantaged 5-year-olds.

PubMed

Boat, B W; Campbell, F A; Ramey, C T

1986-01-01

The effects of preventive education and birth order on IQ scores of 95 economically disadvantaged children at risk for retarded intellectual development were studied. Experimental first- and later-born children participated from birth in a 5-year programme of systematic educational intervention. An equal number of children served as controls and received no systematic intervention. First-borns prevailed as the brighter children in both the educational treatment group and the control group when Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) full scale and verbal IQ scores were compared. Furthermore, mothers of first-borns (70% of whom were only-born at age 5) achieved significantly higher WAIS scores than did mothers of later-born children. Results suggest that later-born disadvantaged children are at greatest risk for developmental retardation.

Prevalence and socio-economic distribution of eating, physical activity and sedentary behaviour among South Australian children in urban and rural communities: baseline findings from the OPAL evaluation.

PubMed

Bell, L; Ullah, S; Olds, T; Magarey, A; Leslie, E; Jones, M; Miller, M; Cobiac, L

2016-11-01

To identify current prevalence and sociodemographic distribution of adherence to national diet and physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines among Australian primary school children. Cross-sectional survey of children (n = 4637, 9-11 years) participating at baseline in the South Australian Obesity Prevention and Lifestyle (OPAL) programme evaluation. Self-reported diet, physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) behaviours were assessed via questionnaire. Children were classified as meeting or not meeting each guideline (two or more serves of fruit, five or more serves of vegetables, two or less serves of discretionary food, ≥60 min of PA, and ≤2 h of ST per day). Although 65% of children met fruit recommendations, only 22% met vegetable recommendations (17% consumed no vegetables). Approximately one-quarter (28%) of children met discretionary food recommendations. Only 17% of children met the ST recommendations and 33% met PA recommendations. Less than 1% of children met all five recommendations. Rural children were more likely to meet both PA (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.21-1.74, P < 0.001) and ST (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.14-1.66, P < 0.01) recommendations than urban counterparts. Children at least socio-economic disadvantage performed better than those at greatest disadvantage for most behaviours. Improvement in Australian children's diet and physical activity and sedentary behaviours, particularly urban children and those at greatest socio-economic disadvantage, is urgently warranted. Copyright © 2016 The Royal Society for Public Health. All rights reserved.

21 CFR 56.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... problems of research involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women..., pregnant women, handicapped, or mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged...

21 CFR 56.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... problems of research involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women..., pregnant women, handicapped, or mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged...

21 CFR 56.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... problems of research involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women..., pregnant women, handicapped, or mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged...

21 CFR 56.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... problems of research involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women..., pregnant women, handicapped, or mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged...

Inhabitants' and professionals' social representations of health determinants in a disadvantaged urban area in France: a qualitative analysis.

PubMed

Gilles, I; Bejaoui, B; Courvoisier, N; Clémence, A

2014-02-01

Access to care in French disadvantaged urban areas remains an issue despite the implementation of local healthcare structures. To understand this contradiction, we investigated social representations held by inhabitants of such areas, as well as those of social and healthcare professionals, regarding events or behaviours that can impact low-income individuals' health. In the context of a health diagnosis, 288 inhabitants living in five disadvantaged districts of Aix-les-Bains, as well as 28 professionals working in these districts, completed an open-ended questionnaire. The two groups of respondents were asked to describe what could have an impact on health status from the inhabitants' point of view. The textual responses were analyzed using the Alceste method. We observed a number of differences in the way the inhabitants and professionals represented determinants of health in disadvantaged urban areas: the former proposed a representation mixing personal responsibility with physiological, social, familial, and professional aspects, whereas the latter associated health issues with marginalization (financial, drug, or alcohol problems) and personal responsibility. Both inhabitants and professionals mentioned control over events and lifestyle as determinants of health. The results are discussed regarding the consequences of these different representations on the beneficiary - healthcare-provider relationship in terms of communication and trust. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Vocational Preparation Curriculum: Welding.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Usoro, Hogan

Designed to be a workable guide for instructors serving the occupational needs of various categories of disadvantaged and handicapped students, this welding curriculum contains fourteen units of self-paced and self-contained instructional materials. The instructional units cover the following topics: job opportunities in welding, safety rules in…

Hope in Chicago.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pool, Carolyn R.; Hawk, Momma

1997-01-01

Chicago's Recovering the Gifted Child Academy is a small, grant-maintained middle school serving 45 disadvantaged, underachieving urban students. Led by Corla Hawkings, the school has extended class hours, Saturday classes, and a business-like ambience. It features business dress, time cards, paychecks with school money, student-run businesses,…

Maintaining Small Engines. Vocational Preparation Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Herd, Amon

Intended for instructors serving the occupational needs of disadvantaged and handicapped students, this curriculum guide contains 16 units for a small engine maintenance program. Its purposes are to provide minimum skills of students already mainstreamed, and provide vocational instructional materials for the modified classroom. Teachers should…

27 CFR 31.42 - Restaurants serving liquors with meals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Restaurants serving... Part Certain Organizations, Agencies, and Persons § 31.42 Restaurants serving liquors with meals. Proprietors of restaurants and other persons who serve liquors with meals to paying customers, even if no...

English Teachers and Theatre: Sacrifices and Rewards of a Natural Combination.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ridgway, Craig S.

1986-01-01

Elaborates on directing theater while teaching English. States that working in an unfamiliar field with different students, materials, and skills is difficult, and the opportunity to sacrifice time, energy, and personal life for low pay and a chance to flop are disadvantages. But the academic and personal rewards make the experience worthwhile.…

The Visibility of Illicit Drugs: Implications for Community-Based Drug Control Strategies

PubMed Central

Saxe, Leonard; Kadushin, Charles; Beveridge, Andrew; Livert, David; Tighe, Elizabeth; Rindskopf, David; Ford, Julie; Brodsky, Archie

2001-01-01

Objectives. This study examined differences between the visibility of drugs and drug use in more than 2100 neighborhoods, challenging an assumption about drug use in poor, minority, and urban communities. Methods. A telephone survey assessed substance use and attitudes across 41 communities in an evaluation of a national community-based demand reduction program. Three waves of data were collected from more than 42 000 respondents. Results. Measures of neighborhood disadvantage, population density, and proportion of minority residents explained more than 57% of the variance between census tracts in visibility of drug sales but less than 10% of tract-to-tract variance in drug use. Visible drug sales were 6.3 times more likely to be reported in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods than in the least disadvantaged, while illicit drug use was only 1.3 times more likely. Conclusions. The most disadvantaged neighborhoods have the most visible drug problems, but drug use is nearly equally distributed across all communities. Thus, efforts to address drug-related problems in poorer areas need to take into account the broader drug market served by these neighborhoods. PMID:11726381

The Advantaged: A Preschool Program for the Disadvantaged.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tuscumbia Public Schools, AL.

Objectives of this program are to provide health services, foster emotional development, plan for educational growth as a developmental and purposeful process, and encourage parent participation. Children receive medical and dental examinations and care. Social workers serve as liaisons between school, home, and community for recruitment and…

The Design and Development of a Post-Mortem Room Complex

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Osborne, A. D.

1977-01-01

The design of a post-mortem room complex to serve the needs of three separate organizations on the campus of the University of Bristol's Veterinary Field Station is described. Comments are made on disadvantages that have become apparent during eight years of use. (Author/LBH)

McGraw-Hill Programmed Reading Evaluation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Norfolk Public Schools, VA.

One of the programs included in "Effective Reading Programs...," this program, begun in 1972, serves about 3,600 disadvantaged first through fourth grade students. The independent learning approach is featured in this program. Placement tests help teachers determine each child's needs, and diagnostic tests monitor student progress.…

General survey of solid-waste management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reese, T. G.; Wadle, R. C.

1974-01-01

Potential ways of providing solid-waste management for a building complex serviced by a modular integrated utility system (MIUS) were explored. Literature surveys were conducted to investigate both conventional and unusual systems to serve this purpose. The advantages and disadvantages of the systems most compatible with MIUS are discussed.

First Things First. What Works Clearinghouse Intervention Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

What Works Clearinghouse, 2008

2008-01-01

"First Things First" is a reform model intended to transform elementary, middle, and high schools serving significant proportions of economically disadvantaged students. Its three main components are: (1) "small learning communities" of students and teachers; (2) a family and student advocate system that pairs staff members and…

76 FR 78882 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-20

... the proper performance of the functions of the agency, including whether the information will have... assistance to under served producers, farmers, ranchers and women, limited resource, socially disadvantaged... and narrative, a statement of work, a budget narrative and OMB grant forms. RMA and a review panel...

5 CFR 315.711 - Readers, interpreters, and personal assistants serving under Schedule A appointments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... personal assistants serving under Schedule A appointments. (a) Agency authority. An agency may convert noncompetitively to career or career-conditional employment, a reader, interpreter, or personal assistant: (1) Who... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Readers, interpreters, and personal...

5 CFR 315.711 - Readers, interpreters, and personal assistants serving under Schedule A appointments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... personal assistants serving under Schedule A appointments. (a) Agency authority. An agency may convert noncompetitively to career or career-conditional employment, a reader, interpreter, or personal assistant: (1) Who... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Readers, interpreters, and personal...

5 CFR 315.711 - Readers, interpreters, and personal assistants serving under Schedule A appointments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... personal assistants serving under Schedule A appointments. (a) Agency authority. An agency may convert noncompetitively to career or career-conditional employment, a reader, interpreter, or personal assistant: (1) Who... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Readers, interpreters, and personal...

5 CFR 315.711 - Readers, interpreters, and personal assistants serving under Schedule A appointments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... personal assistants serving under Schedule A appointments. (a) Agency authority. An agency may convert noncompetitively to career or career-conditional employment, a reader, interpreter, or personal assistant: (1) Who... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Readers, interpreters, and personal...

5 CFR 315.711 - Readers, interpreters, and personal assistants serving under Schedule A appointments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... personal assistants serving under Schedule A appointments. (a) Agency authority. An agency may convert noncompetitively to career or career-conditional employment, a reader, interpreter, or personal assistant: (1) Who... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Readers, interpreters, and personal...

Does substance use moderate the association of neighborhood disadvantage with perceived stress and safety in the activity spaces of urban youth?

PubMed

Mennis, Jeremy; Mason, Michael; Light, John; Rusby, Julie; Westling, Erika; Way, Thomas; Zahakaris, Nikola; Flay, Brian

2016-08-01

This study investigates the association of activity space-based exposure to neighborhood disadvantage with momentary perceived stress and safety, and the moderation of substance use on those associations, among a sample of 139 urban, primarily African American, adolescents. Geospatial technologies are integrated with Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to capture exposure to neighborhood disadvantage and perceived stress and safety in the activity space. A relative neighborhood disadvantage measure for each subject is calculated by conditioning the neighborhood disadvantage observed at the EMA location on that of the home neighborhood. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) are used to model the effect of relative neighborhood disadvantage on momentary perceived stress and safety, and the extent to which substance use moderates those associations. Relative neighborhood disadvantage is significantly associated with higher perceived stress, lower perceived safety, and greater substance use involvement. The association of relative neighborhood disadvantage with stress is significantly stronger among those with greater substance use involvement. This research highlights the value of integrating geospatial technologies with EMA and developing personalized measures of environmental exposure for investigating neighborhood effects on substance use, and suggests substance use intervention strategies aimed at neighborhood conditions. Future research should seek to disentangle the causal pathways of influence and selection that relate neighborhood environment, stress, and substance use, while also accounting for the role of gender and family and peer social contexts. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Promoting volunteerism in global health: lessons from a medical mission in northern Mexico.

PubMed

Withers, Mellissa; Browner, Carole H; Aghaloo, Tara

2013-04-01

The challenges of meeting global health care needs in communities throughout the developing world are becoming increasingly complex. Understanding what motivates volunteers is important for organizations that seek to harness and develop long-term volunteers in order to meet the need for global health care services. Here we report a case study of a successful volunteer clinic that has provided medical, dental and surgical services to under-served residents of northern Mexico for more than 20 years. Our objective was to understand what promotes sustained volunteerism. Thirty semi-structured interviews were conducted with students, residents, nurses, dentists, oral surgeons and community volunteers, in addition to four full days of participant observation. We analysed volunteers' experiences with a real-life global medical mission and offer recommendations. Motivating factors included psychological and emotional rewards, career-related benefits, opportunities for interpersonal interaction, the opportunity to serve disadvantaged communities and personal relevance of the mission. We demonstrate the paramount importance of volunteer-patient interaction, having a dedicated facilitator to recruit and pave the way for first-time volunteers and the value of using multiple recruitment strategies. Most important, we show that organizations must focus on facilitating first-time volunteers' experiences, particularly by ensuring that they are given specific roles and responsibilities, one of the best predictors of volunteer satisfaction and sustained volunteerism.

Prerequisites for Computer-Aided Cognitive Rehabilitation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Legrand, Colette

1989-01-01

This paper describes computer-aided cognitive rehabilitation for mentally deficient persons. It lists motor, cognitive, emotional, and educational prerequisites to such rehabilitation and states advantages and disadvantages in using the prerequisites. (JDD)

Social Environment and Hospitalisation after Release from Prison: A Prospective Cohort Study

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

This study examined the association between remoteness and area disadvantage, and the rate of subsequent hospitalisation, in a cohort of adults released from prisons in Queensland. A baseline survey of 1267 adult prisoners within 6 weeks of expected release was prospectively linked with hospital, mortality and reincarceration records. Postcodes were used to assign remoteness and area disadvantage categories. Multivariate Andersen–Gill regression models were fitted to test for associations between remoteness, area disadvantage and hospitalisation after release from prison. Over a total of 3090.9 person-years of follow-up, the highest crude incidence rates were observed in areas characterised by remoteness and area disadvantage (crude incidence rate (IR) = 649; 95%CI: 526–791), followed by remoteness only (IR = 420; 95%CI: 349–501), severe area disadvantage only (IR = 403; 95%CI: 351–461), and neither of these factors (IR = 361; 95%CI: 336–388). Unadjusted analyses indicated that remoteness (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.32; 95%CI: 1.04–1.69; p = 0.024) was associated with increased risk of hospitalisation; however, this attenuated to the null after adjustment for covariate factors. The incidence of hospitalisation for those who live in remote or socio-economically disadvantaged areas is increased compared to their counterparts in more urban and less socio-economically disadvantaged areas. Experiencing both these factors together may compound the hospitalisation in the community. PMID:29149091

Auto Body Repair. Supplementary Units. Instructor Key and Student Units.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Daniel, Linda; Muench, James F., Ed.

These supplementary units are designed to help students with special needs learn and apply auto body repair skills. The material specifically supplements the Auto Body Repair Curriculum Guide (University of Missouri-Columbia 1988), and is intended for instructors serving the occupational needs of various categories of disadvantaged and handicapped…

Opportunities for Shared-Use Mobility Services in Rural Disadvantaged Communities in California’s San Joaquin Valley : Existing Conditions and Conceptual Program Development

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-09-01

Shared-use mobility services largely serve major metropolitan areas. However, increasingly officials, who represent rural communities, want to know whether these types of services may be able to provide more cost-effective access to rural residents t...

Breakthrough for Disadvantaged Youth.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manpower Administration (DOL), Washington, DC.

Evaluations have been made of 55 early (1963-66) experimental and demonstration projects conducted in 18 states and the District of Columbia under the Manpower Development and Training Act of 1962 to reach and serve youth for whom the conventional approaches, techniques, and personnel seemed inadequate. Experiences and results of the projects are…

The Economic Outcomes of Community College Attendance. ERIC Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bryant, Alyssa N.

This digest discusses research on economic gains for community college students and explores whether a community college education serves to minimize the wage gap between women and men and between advantaged and disadvantaged groups. It summarizes research that supports the assertion that a community college education offers economic advancement…

The Advanced Placement Arms Race and the Reproduction of Educational Inequality

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Klugman, Joshua

2013-01-01

Background: Access to Advanced Placement (AP) courses is stratified by class and race. Researchers have identified how schools serving disadvantaged students suffer from various kinds of resource deprivations, concluding that interventions are needed to equalize access to AP courses. On the other hand, the theory of Effectively Maintained…

Rural Turnaround: Challenges and Opportunities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

WestEd, 2014

2014-01-01

Amargosa Valley School in Nevada could be considered representative of almost any preK-8 school that serves a large proportion of socioeconomically disadvantaged students and is focused on turning around persistently low achievement. Like other schools supported by federal School Improvement Grants, Amargosa is beginning to implement a reform plan…

Competency-Based Education in Three Pilot Programs: Examining Implementation and Outcomes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Steele, Jennifer L.; Lewis, Matthew W.; Santibanez, Lucrecia; Faxon-Mills, Susannah; Rudnick, Mollie; Stecher, Brian M.; Hamilton, Laura S.

2014-01-01

In 2011, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation created the Project Mastery grant program to support competency-based education initiatives in large school systems that serve a high proportion of disadvantaged youth. Competency-based education meets students where they are academically, provides students with opportunities for choice, and awards…

34 CFR 461.11 - How is the State plan developed?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false How is the State plan developed? 461.11 Section 461.11 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF VOCATIONAL AND..., including groups serving educationally disadvantaged adults, and interested organizations and groups, an...

Human Intergroup Relations. Certification Requirement #69.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Northcentral Technical Coll., Wausau, WI.

This document provides materials for a course in human intergroup relations for preservice or inservice teachers preparing to work with a diverse, disadvantaged group of students. The information in the guide is drawn from the faculty and student support staff of Northcentral Technical College (NTC) in Wausau, Wisconsin, which serves a variety of…

Conceptualising School-Community Relations in Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods: Mapping the Literature

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kerr, Kirstin; Dyson, Alan; Gallannaugh, Frances

2016-01-01

Background: The field of school-community relations is well established in the scholarly literature. However, its largely descriptive and fragmented nature has served to disguise its conceptual complexity. To date, the sets of assumptions about school-community relations which underpin the literature, and the opportunities, tensions and…

An Examination of Teacher Retention and Attrition in School Settings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harper, Melinda L.

2009-01-01

U.S. society proposes that all students should have equal opportunities to achieve academically; therefore, urban and rural schools that serve socio-economically disadvantaged students must employ highly qualified teachers who are prepared to teach in those particular school environments. Recruitment practices, teacher preparation programs, and…

Urban Multi-Unit Community Colleges: Adaptation for the '70s.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Palola, Ernest G.; Oswald, Arthur R.

This study examines the relationship between the organizational structure of multi-unit community college districts and the performance of urban campuses in serving disadvantaged students. Emphasis is on the expanding functions and changing structure of urban community colleges, the relationship between district office and district colleges, and…

Communication Skills Center Project; Detroit, Michigan. It Works.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

1969

The Communication Skills Center Project (CSC) in Detroit, Michigan, a Title I project, provided remedial reading services to 2,845 educationally disadvantaged children (80 to 85 percent Negro) in grades 2 through 12 during 1966-67. The facilities included six communication skills centers, three serving elementary and junior high school students…

Employment-cum-Training Contracts in France: The 1975-85 Record.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Caspar, M.-L.

1988-01-01

The author evaluates a program whereby the French government subsidized employers to organize training for youth under employment contracts. Youth with above average employment opportunties benefited. Failure to serve the most disadvantaged youth is attributed to (1) individual youth choices, (2) screening by program administrators, and (3)…

Promoting Career Development and Life Design in the Early Years of a Person's Life

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maree, Jacobus G.

2018-01-01

The article discusses the changing world of work and the attendant uncertainty and loss of work-life identity. Little research has been done on career development and life design in the early years of a person's life, especially in developing countries characterized by disadvantage. The underlying theoretical models of career development are…

An Experimental Test of Differential Susceptibility to Parenting among Emotionally-Dysregulated Children in a Randomized Controlled Trial for Oppositional Behavior

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scott, Stephen; O'Connor, Thomas G.

2012-01-01

Background: The concept of differential susceptibility has challenged the potential meaning of personal traits such as poor ability to regulate emotions. Under the traditional model of diathesis/stress, personal characteristics such as liability to angry outbursts are seen as essentially disadvantageous, emerging under duress in a way that is…

Potential of personal health record portals in the care of individuals with spinal cord injuries and disorders: Provider perspectives.

PubMed

Hill, Jennifer N; Smith, Bridget M; Weaver, Frances M; Nazi, Kim M; Thomas, Florian P; Goldstein, Barry; Hogan, Timothy P

2018-05-01

Although personal health record (PHR) portals are designed for patients, healthcare providers are a key influence in how patients use their features and realize benefits from them. A few studies have examined provider attitudes toward PHR portals, but none have focused on those who care for individuals with spinal cord injuries and disorders (SCI/D). We characterize SCI/D provider perspectives of PHR portals, including perceived advantages and disadvantages of PHR portal use in SCI/D care. Cross-sectional; semi-structured interviews. Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Centers in the Veterans Health Administration. Twenty-six SCI/D healthcare providers. None. Perceived advantages and disadvantages of PHR portals. The complex situations of individuals with SCI/D shaped provider perspectives of PHR portals and their potential role in practice. Perceived advantages of PHR portal use in SCI/D care included the ability to coordinate information and care, monitor and respond to outpatient requests, support patient self-management activities, and provide reliable health information to patients. Perceived disadvantages of PHR portal use in SCI/D care included concerns about the quality of patient-generated health data, other potential liabilities for providers and workload burden, and the ability of individuals with SCI/D to understand clinical information accessed through a portal. Our study highlights advantages and disadvantages that should be considered when promoting engagement of SCI/D healthcare providers in use of PHR portals, and portal features that may have the most utility in SCI/D care.

Listening to Communities: Mixed-Method Study of the Engagement of Disadvantaged Mothers and Pregnant Women With Digital Health Technologies

PubMed Central

Broderick, Andrew; Mlo, Hmellisa; Gemmill, Alison; Lindeman, David

2017-01-01

Background US health care providers are increasingly demanding patient engagement with digital health technologies to enroll in care, access personal health information, communicate with providers, and monitor their own health. Such engagement may be difficult for disadvantaged populations who may have limited health literacy, time constraints, or competing priorities. Objective We aimed to understand the extent of adoption and use of digital health tools and to identify key perceived psychological motivators of technology use among disadvantaged first-time pregnant women and mothers of young children. Methods We recruited women from health organizations serving low-income communities in the Midwest and on the East and West coasts. A total of 92 women participated in 14 focus groups. During each session, we administered worksheets that measured 3 utilization outcomes: the number of recent Web-based health-seeking activities, current use of digital health-management practices (eg, accessing personal health information, communicating with providers, and scheduling appointments), and potential adoption of digital health-management tools among low users or nonusers. Responses to the worksheets and to a pre-focus group survey on demographics, technology access, and motivators of use were examined to create user profiles. Separate regression models identified the motivators (eHealth literacy, internal health orientation, and trust in digital information) associated with these outcomes. Qualitative data were incorporated to illustrate the worksheet responses. Results Whereas 97% of the participants reported that they had searched for health information on the Internet in the past year, 42% did not engage in digital health-management practices. Among the low users and nonusers, 49% expressed interest in future adoption of digital health tools. Web-based health information-seeking activities were associated with digital health-management practices (P<.001). When controlling for covariates, eHealth literacy was positively correlated with the number of Web-based health-seeking activities (beta=.03, 95% CI 0.00-0.07). However, an internal health orientation was a much stronger correlate of digital health-management practices (beta=.13, 95% CI 0.02-0.24), whereas trust in digital information increased the odds of potential adoption (vs no adoption) in adjusted models (OR 5.21, 95% CI 0.84-32.53). Demographic characteristics were not important drivers of digital health use and few differences distinguished use among mothers and pregnant women. Conclusions Seeking health information on the Internet may be an important gateway toward engaging in digital health-management practices. Notably, different consumer motivators influence digital health tool use. The relative contributions of each must be explored to design tools and interventions that enhance competencies for the management of self and child health among disadvantaged mothers and pregnant women. Unless we address disparities in digital health tool use, benefits from their use will accrue predominantly to individuals with the resources and skills to use technology effectively. PMID:28679489

Test Generators: Teacher's Tool or Teacher's Headache?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eiser, Leslie

1988-01-01

Discusses the advantages and disadvantages of test generation programs. Includes setting up, printing exams and "bells and whistles." Reviews eight computer packages for Apple and IBM personal computers. Compares features, costs, and usage. (CW)

Personalized Rapid Transit Systems : a First Analysis

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1971-07-01

A preliminary systems analysis of the presonalized rapid transit system concept is given. It includes presentatin of the significant advantages and disadvantages. Question of system capacity, station capacity, urban grid design, and headway requireme...

It is important that they care - older persons' experiences of telephone advice nursing.

PubMed

Holmström, Inger K; Nokkoudenmäki, Mai-Britt; Zukancic, Selma; Sundler, Annelie J

2016-06-01

The aim of the study was to explore older persons' experiences of telephone advice nursing at primary healthcare centres. Telephone advice nursing is expanding worldwide, and the older population is increasing. Little is known about older persons' experiences of telephone advice nursing provided by primary healthcare. This study has a descriptive design with a qualitative inductive approach. Data were collected via interviews with a purposive sample of 10 older persons in 2014. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The older persons' experiences were described in two themes: the patient-friendly aspects of telephone advice nursing and the patient-unfriendly aspects of telephone advice nursing. The themes can be understood as two sides of the same coin; the differences point to both the advantages and disadvantages of the service and are further illuminated through seven subthemes. This study contributes to increased awareness of the advantages and disadvantages of the telephone advice nursing system as experienced by older persons. To be the focus of attention during calls was highlighted as important; and clear communication was deemed crucial. When the communication between the nurse and the older persons was perceived as good and the perspective of the caller was the focus, an experience of safety and satisfaction was described. Older persons had great confidence in the telephone nurses' competence and perceived their ability to access the service as mostly good, even if it was sometimes difficult to use the service. The communicative competence of telephone nurses is essential when providing telephone advice nursing to older persons. In addition, a person-centred approach is important to provide optimal care in telephone advice nursing. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

ShopSmart 4 Health: results of a randomized controlled trial of a behavioral intervention promoting fruit and vegetable consumption among socioeconomically disadvantaged women.

PubMed

Ball, Kylie; McNaughton, Sarah A; Le, Ha Nd; Abbott, Gavin; Stephens, Lena D; Crawford, David A

2016-08-01

Behavioral interventions show potential for promoting increased fruit and vegetable consumption in the general population. However, little is known about their effectiveness or cost-effectiveness among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, who are less likely to consume adequate fruit and vegetables. This study investigated the effects and costs of a behavior change intervention for increasing fruit and vegetable purchasing and consumption among socioeconomically disadvantaged women. ShopSmart 4 Health was a randomized controlled trial involving a 3-mo retrospective baseline data collection phase [time (T) 0], a 6-mo intervention (T1-T2), and a 6-mo no-intervention follow-up (T3). Socioeconomically disadvantaged women who were primary household shoppers in Melbourne, Australia, were randomly assigned to either a behavior change intervention arm (n = 124) or a control arm (n = 124). Supermarket transaction (sales) data and surveys measured the main outcomes: fruit and vegetable purchases and self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption. An analysis of supermarket transaction data showed no significant intervention effects on vegetable or fruit purchasing at T2 or T3. Participants in the behavior change intervention arm reported consumption of significantly more vegetables during the intervention (T2) than did controls, with smaller intervention effects sustained at 6 mo postintervention (T3). Relative to controls, vegetable consumption increased by ∼0.5 serving · participant(-1) · d(-1) from baseline to T2 and remained 0.28 servings/d higher than baseline at T3 among those who received the intervention. There was no intervention effect on reported fruit consumption. The behavior change intervention cost A$3.10 (in Australian dollars) · increased serving of vegetables(-1) · d(-1)CONCLUSIONS: This behavioral intervention increased vegetable consumption among socioeconomically disadvantaged women. However, the lack of observed effects on fruit consumption and on both fruit and vegetable purchasing at intervention stores suggests that further investigation of effective nutrition promotion approaches for this key target group is required. The ShopSmart 4 Health trial was registered at www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN48771770. © 2016 American Society for Nutrition.

Technology application among Florida community transportation coordinators : [summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-10-01

Providing efficient transit service to the transportation disadvantaged and to persons with : disabilities is a goal of the Federal Transit Administration (FTA), the Florida Department of : Transportation (FDOT), and the Florida Commission for the Tr...

78 FR 57336 - Disadvantaged Business Enterprise: Program Implementation Modifications

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-18

... West Building. (2) Attendance: Due to security and seating limitations, any person wishing to attend.... Speakers' remarks will be limited to 5 minutes each, although the Department may need to limit the duration...

The Special Case of Disadvantaged Young People in Germany: How Stakeholder Interests Hinder Reform Proposals in Favour of a Training Guarantee

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Granato, Mona; Krekel, Elisabeth M.; Ulrich, Joachim Gerd

2015-01-01

Every year, tens of thousands of young people in Germany fail to find access to dual vocational education and training (VET), because they cannot find a company to hire them as apprentices. This particularly affects persons with poor school leaving qualifications, socially deprived persons or people with a migrant background. In order to improve…

Discovering Effective Student Equity Practices in California Community Colleges: An Action Research Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luster, Pamela T.

2010-01-01

California Community Colleges face unique challenges and opportunities in serving the state's largest new majority students who are also the state's most at-risk students. These students are the primary driver of the new economy, however they arrive at college with significant educational and economic disadvantages (Woodlief, Thomas, & Orozco,…

Connecting with Communities: Four Successful Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simons, Kate Anderson; Curtis, Patrick A.

2007-01-01

The average public school serving children who are economically disadvantaged cannot afford to provide the above-average education that many of these children need to achieve at the same levels as their more advantaged peers. It becomes necessary for schools to ask, "Who else has the resources to help children succeed?" Because of these…

The Developmental Education Program at Tacoma Community College.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spangler, Richard C.; Simonson, Carolyn

Tacoma Community College (TCC) is a comprehensive institution serving 7,000 students per quarter out of the 200,000 residents of Tacoma-Pierce County. Statistics show that 20% of the student population have not graduated from high school; 21% are from minority groups; and an estimated 60% are academically, educationally, or socially disadvantaged.…

Job Corps. Comparison of Federal Program with State Youth Training Initiatives. Report to Congressional Requesters.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

General Accounting Office, Washington, DC. Health, Education, and Human Services Div.

The General Accounting Office compared state youth training programs with the Job Corps using the four program features that, taken together, characterize the Job Corps program: (1) serving a severely disadvantaged population, (2) providing basic education instruction, (3) focusing on vocational training services, and (4) providing these services…

Stocks in the Future: An Examination of Participant Outcomes in 2014-15

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Durham, Rachel E.

2016-01-01

This report features research on Stocks in the Future (SIF), a financial literacy program for middle-grades students. The goals of SIF are to serve underrepresented, socioeconomically disadvantaged students in schools where more than 50% are eligible for free/reduced-price meals, achieve stronger student attendance and greater attachment to…

Technology evaluation of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning for MIUS application

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gill, W. L.; Keough, M. B.; Rippey, J. O.

1974-01-01

Potential ways of providing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning for a building complex serviced by a modular integrated utility system (MIUS) are examined. Literature surveys were conducted to investigate both conventional and unusual systems to serve this purpose. The advantages and disadvantages of the systems most compatible with MIUS are discussed.

Cost-Effectiveness of Comprehensive School Reform in Low Achieving Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ross, John A.; Scott, Garth; Sibbald, Tim M.

2012-01-01

We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of Struggling Schools, a user-generated approach to Comprehensive School Reform implemented in 100 low achieving schools serving disadvantaged students in a Canadian province. The results show that while Struggling Schools had a statistically significant positive effect on Grade 3 Reading achievement, d = 0.48…

Impacts of the Retired Mentors for New Teachers Program. REL 2017-225

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DeCesare, Dale; McClelland, Abby; Randel, Bruce

2017-01-01

This study evaluates the impact of the Retired Mentors for New Teachers program, a two-year mentoring program at the elementary school level developed by Aurora Public Schools in Colorado. Many of the district's schools serve a large percentage of economically disadvantaged children, experience high teacher turnover, and hire newer, less…

Supervisory Rotation: Impact on an Academic Library Reference Staff.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perdue, Bob; Piotrowski, Chris

1986-01-01

Presents results of managerial rotation program (librarians take turns on two-year cycle serving as department head) in medium-sized academic library reference department. An assessment of both the advantages and disadvantages of such a plan examines impact of this innovative and collegial management technique on staff, library, and patrons. (7…

Interaction: A Role Playing Simulation Activity.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderhan, Robert C.

As part of a program to prepare public librarians to serve the urban disadvantaged, the faculty at Wayne State University experimented with simulation as an instructional technique. They developed and tested a library game, LIB SIM, aimed at introducing students to the relationships between main library and various branches in a large urban public…

Exploring the Use of Electronic Mobile Technologies among Distance Learners in Rural Communities for Safe and Disruptive Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ntloedibe-Kuswani, Gomang Seratwa

2013-01-01

Several studies indicated the potential of electronic mobile technologies in reaching (safe learning) under-served communities and engaging (disruptive learning) disadvantaged peoples affording them learning experiences. However, the potential benefits of (electronic mobile learning) e-mobile learning have not been well understood from the…

"Make It New": Introducing Poetry Through Writing Poetry.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lim, Shirley

One approach to introducing students to poetry is to have them write and analyze their own poems. Although this approach has some disadvantages, it does serve to tap students' experiences and expressive potential with creative projects and to give them an immediate and direct relationship with the traditional published works. By writing poems…

Dynamic Effects of Teacher Turnover on the Quality of Instruction. Working Paper 170

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hanushek, Eric A.; Rivkin, Steven G.; Schiman, Jeffrey C.

2016-01-01

It is widely believed that teacher turnover adversely affects the quality of instruction in urban schools serving predominantly disadvantaged children, and a growing body of research investigates various components of turnover effects. The evidence at first seems contradictory, as the quality of instruction appears to decline following turnover…

Social and Economic Context. Trends and Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lumsden, Linda, Comp.; Coffey, Elizabeth, Comp.

Schools are very sensitive to the rapid social, economic, and demographic changes that the United States is presently undergoing. They are at a disadvantage compared to most other social institutions because, in serving a younger population, they have less lead time to prepare for changes in the complexion of society. Young people in today's world…

THE NEW ROLE OF THE EMPLOYMENT SERVICE IN SERVING THE DISADVANTAGED.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

LEVINE, LOUIS

CHANGES IN MANPOWER GOALS AND OBJECTIVES, AND THE MEANS OF ACHIEVING THEM, HAS RESULTED IN A NEW ROLE FOR THE UNITED STATES EMPLOYMENT SERVICE. THE LOCAL EMPLOYMENT OFFICE IS NOW RESPONSIBLE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING PROGRAMS AND FOR BETTER MANPOWER UTILIZATION. NEWLY ASSIGNED MANPOWER RESPONSIBILITIES WHICH THE…

Extending the Purposes of Science Education: Addressing Violence within Socio-Economic Disadvantaged Communities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Castano, Carolina

2012-01-01

Current discourses about science education show a wide concern towards humanisation and a more socio-cultural perspective of school science. They suggest that science education can serve diverse purposes and be responsive to social and environmental situations we currently face. However, these discourses and social approaches to science education…

The Sensitivity of the Right Hemisphere to Contextual Information in Sentences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gouldthorp, Bethanie; Coney, Jeffrey

2009-01-01

One explanation for the inconsistencies in research examining the sentence comprehension abilities of the right hemisphere (RH) is the presence of confounding variables that have generally served to disadvantage the processing capacities of the RH. As such, the present study aimed to investigate hemispheric differences in the use of message-level…

A somatic marker perspective of immoral and corrupt behavior.

PubMed

Sobhani, Mona; Bechara, Antoine

2011-01-01

Individuals who engage in corrupt and immoral behavior are in some ways similar to individuals with psychopathy. Normal people refrain from engaging in such behaviors because they tie together the moral value of society and the risk of punishment when they violate social rules. What is it, then, that allows these immoral individuals to behave in this manner, and in some situations even to prosper? When there is a dysfunction of somatic markers, specific disadvantageous impairments in decision-making arise, as in moral judgment, but, paradoxically, under some circumstances, the damage can cause the patient to make optimal financial investment decisions. Interestingly, individuals with psychopathy, a personality disorder, share many of the same behavioral characteristics seen in VMPFC and amygdala lesion patients, suggesting that defective somatic markers may serve as a neural framework for explaining immoral and corrupt behaviors. While these sociopathic behaviors of sometimes famous and powerful individuals have long been discussed, primarily within the realm of social science and psychology, here we offer a neurocognitive perspective on the possible neural roots of immoral and corrupt behaviors.

A Somatic Marker Perspective of Immoral and Corrupt Behavior

PubMed Central

Sobhani, Mona; Bechara, Antoine

2012-01-01

Individuals who engage in corrupt and immoral behavior are in some ways similar to psychopaths. Normal people refrain from engaging in such behaviors because they tie together the moral value of society and the risk for punishment when they violate social rules. What is it, then, that allows these immoral individuals to behave in this manner, and in some situations to even prosper? When there is a dysfunction of somatic markers, specific disadvantageous impairments in decision-making arise, for example in moral judgment, but paradoxically, under some circumstances, the damage can cause the patient to make optimal financial investment decisions. Interestingly, individuals with psychopathy, a personality disorder, share many of these same behavioral characteristics as those seen in VMPFC and amygdala lesion patients, suggesting that defective somatic markers may serve as a neural framework for explaining immoral and corrupt behaviors. While these sociopathic behaviors of sometimes famous and powerful individuals have long been discussed primarily within the realm of social science and psychology, here we offer a neurocognitive perspective on possible neural roots for immoral and corrupt behaviors. PMID:21919563

Dual Career Marriages: Elements for Potential Success.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maples, Mary F.

1981-01-01

Examines the family and work relationships of dual career couples and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these relationships. Various ingredients including personality traits that contribute to the success of the two-career partnership are listed. (RC)

Pros and Cons of Having a Mentor.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Opsata, Margaret

1985-01-01

Discusses mentoring relationships for women in engineering. Advice and guideline include: (1) advantages (meeting new people, making career decisions, development as an employee); (2) disadvantages (overdependence, ethical disagreements, personal involvement); and (3) finding and using mentors. (DH)

Welfare Policies and Black Families.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trader, Harriet Peat

1979-01-01

The family is an important resource for minority persons, and many minority families depend on public welfare for their survival. This article offers a compact analysis of how welfare policies often work to the disadvantage of poor Black families. (Author)

Neighbourhood effects on educational attainment of adolescents, buffered by personality and educational commitment.

PubMed

Nieuwenhuis, Jaap; Hooimeijer, Pieter; Meeus, Wim

2015-03-01

Research has repeatedly shown that neighbourhood disadvantage negatively influences individual educational outcomes. However, the great variation in outcomes indicates substantial unobserved heterogeneity. Looking at the rates of obtaining a basic educational qualification, the hypothesis is that individual traits of adolescents can buffer neighbourhood effects. First, adolescents with a more resilient personality may be better able to cope with neighbourhood adversity. And second, educational commitments might buffer adolescents from negative neighbourhood influences. These hypotheses are tested employing survival analysis, using six wave panel data, containing information on ten years of adolescents' lives. The results show that resilients experience no negative influence of neighbourhood disadvantage, while both undercontrollers and overcontrollers do. And, the stronger adolescents' educational commitments, the less they experience the negative effect of neighbourhood adversity. In sum, neighbourhood effects are found, but not for everybody. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

What is moral about guilt? Acting "prosocially" at the disadvantage of others.

PubMed

de Hooge, Ilona E; Nelissen, Rob M A; Breugelmans, Seger M; Zeelenberg, Marcel

2011-03-01

For centuries economists and psychologists have argued that the morality of moral emotions lies in the fact that they stimulate prosocial behavior and benefit others in a person's social environment. Many studies have shown that guilt, arguably the most exemplary moral emotion, indeed motivates prosocial behavior in dyadic social dilemma situations. When multiple persons are involved, however, the moral and prosocial nature of this emotion can be questioned. The present article shows how guilt can have beneficial effects for the victim of one's actions but also disadvantageous effects for other people in the social environment. A series of experiments, with various emotion inductions and dependent measures, all reveal that guilt motivates prosocial behavior toward the victim at the expense of others around-but not at the expense of oneself. These findings illustrate that a thorough understanding of the functioning of emotions is necessary to understand their moral nature. (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved

Variations in area-level disadvantage of Australian registered fitness trainers usual training locations.

PubMed

Bennie, Jason A; Thornton, Lukar E; van Uffelen, Jannique G Z; Banting, Lauren K; Biddle, Stuart J H

2016-07-11

Leisure-time physical activity and strength training participation levels are low and socioeconomically distributed. Fitness trainers (e.g. gym/group instructors) may have a role in increasing these participation levels. However, it is not known whether the training location and characteristics of Australian fitness trainers vary between areas that differ in socioeconomic status. In 2014, a sample of 1,189 Australian trainers completed an online survey with questions about personal and fitness industry-related characteristics (e.g. qualifications, setting, and experience) and postcode of their usual training location. The Australian Bureau of Statistics 'Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage' (IRSD) was matched to training location and used to assess where fitness professionals trained and whether their experience, qualification level and delivery methods differed by area-level disadvantage. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between IRSD score and selected characteristics adjusting for covariates (e.g. sex, age). Overall, 47 % of respondents worked in areas within the three least-disadvantaged deciles. In contrast, only 14.8 % worked in the three most-disadvantaged deciles. In adjusted regression models, fitness industry qualification was positively associated with a higher IRSD score (i.e. working in the least-disadvantaged areas) (Cert III: ref; Cert IV β:13.44 [95 % CI 3.86-23.02]; Diploma β:15.77 [95 % CI: 2.17-29.37]; Undergraduate β:23.14 [95 % CI: 9.41-36.86]). Fewer Australian fitness trainers work in areas with high levels of socioeconomic disadvantaged areas than in areas with low levels of disadvantage. A higher level of fitness industry qualifications was associated with working in areas with lower levels of disadvantage. Future research should explore the effectiveness of providing incentives that encourage more fitness trainers and those with higher qualifications to work in more socioeconomically disadvantaged areas.

The Impact of Personal Background and School Contextual Factors on Academic Competence and Mental Health Functioning across the Primary-Secondary School Transition

PubMed Central

Vaz, Sharmila; Parsons, Richard; Falkmer, Torbjörn; Passmore, Anne Elizabeth; Falkmer, Marita

2014-01-01

Students negotiate the transition to secondary school in different ways. While some thrive on the opportunity, others are challenged. A prospective longitudinal design was used to determine the contribution of personal background and school contextual factors on academic competence (AC) and mental health functioning (MHF) of 266 students, 6-months before and after the transition to secondary school. Data from 197 typically developing students and 69 students with a disability were analysed using hierarchical linear regression modelling. Both in primary and secondary school, students with a disability and from socially disadvantaged backgrounds gained poorer scores for AC and MHF than their typically developing and more affluent counterparts. Students who attended independent and mid-range sized primary schools had the highest concurrent AC. Those from independent primary schools had the lowest MHF. The primary school organisational model significantly influenced post-transition AC scores; with students from Kindergarten - Year 7 schools reporting the lowest scores, while those from the Kindergarten - Year 12 structure without middle school having the highest scores. Attending a school which used the Kindergarten - Year 12 with middle school structure was associated with a reduction in AC scores across the transition. Personal background factors accounted for the majority of the variability in post-transition AC and MHF. The contribution of school contextual factors was relatively minor. There is a potential opportunity for schools to provide support to disadvantaged students before the transition to secondary school, as they continue to be at a disadvantage after the transition. PMID:24608366

The impact of personal background and school contextual factors on academic competence and mental health functioning across the primary-secondary school transition.

PubMed

Vaz, Sharmila; Parsons, Richard; Falkmer, Torbjörn; Passmore, Anne Elizabeth; Falkmer, Marita

2014-01-01

Students negotiate the transition to secondary school in different ways. While some thrive on the opportunity, others are challenged. A prospective longitudinal design was used to determine the contribution of personal background and school contextual factors on academic competence (AC) and mental health functioning (MHF) of 266 students, 6-months before and after the transition to secondary school. Data from 197 typically developing students and 69 students with a disability were analysed using hierarchical linear regression modelling. Both in primary and secondary school, students with a disability and from socially disadvantaged backgrounds gained poorer scores for AC and MHF than their typically developing and more affluent counterparts. Students who attended independent and mid-range sized primary schools had the highest concurrent AC. Those from independent primary schools had the lowest MHF. The primary school organisational model significantly influenced post-transition AC scores; with students from Kindergarten--Year 7 schools reporting the lowest scores, while those from the Kindergarten--Year 12 structure without middle school having the highest scores. Attending a school which used the Kindergarten--Year 12 with middle school structure was associated with a reduction in AC scores across the transition. Personal background factors accounted for the majority of the variability in post-transition AC and MHF. The contribution of school contextual factors was relatively minor. There is a potential opportunity for schools to provide support to disadvantaged students before the transition to secondary school, as they continue to be at a disadvantage after the transition.

The ethics and regulatory landscape of including vulnerable populations in pragmatic clinical trials

PubMed Central

Welch, Mary Jane; Lally, Rachel; Miller, Jennifer E; Pittman, Stephanie; Brodsky, Lynda; Caplan, Arthur L; Uhlenbrauck, Gina; Louzao, Darcy M; Fischer, James H; Wilfond, Benjamin

2015-01-01

Policies have been developed to protect vulnerable populations in clinical research, particularly the US federal research regulations (45 CFR 46 subparts B, C, and D). These policies generally recognize vulnerable populations to include pregnant women, fetuses, neonates, children, prisoners, persons with physical handicaps or mental disabilities, and disadvantaged persons. The aim has been to protect these populations from harm, often by creating regulatory and ethical checks that may limit their participation in many clinical trials. The recent increase in pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) raises at least two questions about this approach. First, is exclusion itself a harm to vulnerable populations, as these groups may be denied access to understanding how health interventions work for them in clinical settings? Second, are groups considered vulnerable in traditional clinical trials also vulnerable in PCTs? We argue first, that excluding vulnerable subjects from participation in PCTs can be harmful by preventing acquisition of data to meaningfully inform clinical decision-making in the future. Second, we argue that protections for vulnerable subjects in traditional clinical trial settings may not be translatable, feasible, or even ethical to apply in PCTs. We conclude by offering specific recommendations for appropriately protecting vulnerable research subjects in PCTs, focusing on pregnant women, fetuses, neonates, children, prisoners, persons with physical handicaps or mental disabilities, and disadvantaged persons. PMID:26374681

Understanding the impacts of care farms on health and well-being of disadvantaged populations: a protocol of the Evaluating Community Orders (ECO) pilot study

PubMed Central

Elsey, H; Bragg, R; Elings, M; Cade, J E; Brennan, C; Farragher, T; Tubeuf, S; Gold, R; Shickle, D; Wickramasekera, N; Richardson, Z; Murray, J

2014-01-01

Introduction Care farms, where all or part of the farm is used for therapeutic purposes, show much potential for improving the health and well-being of a range of disadvantaged groups. Studies to date have been qualitative or observational, with limited empirical evidence of the effectiveness of care farms in improving health and well-being. Understanding the underlying mechanisms that lead to improvements for different disadvantaged groups is a further gap in the evidence. Participants in this study are offenders serving community orders. Their low socioeconomic status and poor health outcomes relative to the general population exemplifies disadvantage. Methods and analysis This paper describes the protocol of a study to understand the impacts of care farms and to pilot the design and tools for a study to assess cost-effectiveness of care farms in improving the quality of life of offenders. As a pilot study, no power calculation has been conducted. However, 150 offenders serving community sentences on care farms and 150 on other probation locations (eg, litter picking, painting) will be recruited over a 1-year period. Changes in quality of life, measured by Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation–Outcome Measure, health and reconvictions of offenders at care farms compared to other probation locations will be analysed to inform the sample size calculation for the follow on study. The feasibility of recruitment, retention, collecting cost data and modelling cost-effectiveness will also be assessed. The study will use qualitative methods to explore the experiences of offenders attending care farms and perceptions of probation and care farm staff on the processes and impacts of the intervention. Ethics and dissemination Findings will be published and inform development of a natural experiment and will be disseminated to probation services, care farms and academics. University of Leeds Ethical Review Board approved: SoMREC/13/014. National Offender Management Service (NOMS) approved: 2013-257. PMID:25358678

38 CFR 3.1001 - Hospitalized competent veterans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... not serve to vest title in a person in a lower class or a claimant for reimbursement; neither will such failure or waiver by a person or persons in a joint class serve to increase the amount payable to another or others in the class. (c) Lump sum withheld after discharge from institution. The provisions of...

HEALTH RISKS FROM CONTAMINATED WATER: DO CLASS AND RACE MATTER?

EPA Science Inventory

The impact of contaminants in water on minorities and economically disadvantaged persons was reviewed. Environmental legislation governing water was summarized as background information against which relevant studies were evaluated. The majority of the available information was a...

Culturally Competent MMPI Assessment of Hispanic Populations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dana, Richard H.

1995-01-01

Describes culturally competent assessment practice as a context for discussing advantages and disadvantages of various "corrections" currently available for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory with Hispanic populations. Corrections include moderator variables, special scales, special norms, translations, and aids to…

ANNUAL EVALUATION REPORT OF CONNECTICUT P.A. 523 PROJECTS FOR FISCAL YEAR 1966.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

ROBY, WALLACE

THIS REPORT SUMMARIZES EVALUATION OF PROGRAMS FOR DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN AND YOUTH FUNDED UNDER CONNECTICUT PUBLIC ACT 523 IN SCHOOL DISTRICTS IN TOWNS NOT SERVED BY TITLE I OF THE 1965 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION ACT. IN GENERAL, THE PROGRAMS ATTEMPTED TO IMPROVE THE STUDENTS' READING, LANGUAGE ARTS, AND BASIC SKILLS AND TO CHANGE THEIR…

Comprehensive Family-Centered Training Programs: Five Comparative Case Studies. Evaluation of the Mountain-Plains Education & Economic Development Program, Inc.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bale, Richard L.; Sprague, C. Fremont

The Mountain-Plains Education & Economic Development Program, which exemplifies the comprehensive, residential family-centered approach to serving the economically disadvantaged, was compared to four similar programs in the United States: Arizona Job Colleges (AJC) in Arizona; Madera Employment Training Center (METC) in California; Manpower,…

Women Still in Poverty.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Commission on Civil Rights, Washington, DC.

Poverty remains a persistent problem for many women, and certain features of American life serve to keep them in a disadvantaged economic position. The welfare system is so arranged that many of its programs (such as the Work Incentive Program) favor men or (as in the case of Aid to Families with Dependent Children) force poor women to place their…

Evaluation Reports of ESEA, Title III Projects: Final Report, FY 1972.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

District of Columbia Public Schools, Washington, DC. Dept. of Research and Evaluation.

Through Title III of the Elementary Secondary Education Act of 1965, six programs were funded in Washington, D.C. public schools to meet the educational needs of handicapped disadvantaged children. One of the programs, the Columbia Road Pre-School Pilot Project was designed to serve as an experimental model for early childhood education for…

The Psychological Reality of the Apparent Perceptual Dimensions of the Alphabet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Redalia, Barbara

An experiment using an analysis of the distinctive features of lower case letters of the English alphabet to predict high- and low-confusible alternates for each letter was reported. Ten disadvantaged 5-year-old Negro children served as their own controls, circling in booklets the letters seen after a 1-second presentation by memory drum. The…

The "Representative Bureaucracy" in Education: Educator Workforce Diversity, Policy Outputs, and Outcomes for Disadvantaged Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grissom, Jason A.; Kern, Emily C.; Rodriguez, Luis A.

2015-01-01

Bureaucratic representation--the idea that a governmental organization is better situated to serve its clients when its employee composition reflects that of its client population--has received considerable scholarly attention in the study of public institutions in the fields of political science and public administration. In a wide variety of…

Fourth-Grade Teachers' Perceptions of Giftedness: Implications for Identifying and Serving Diverse Gifted Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Speirs Neumeister, Kristie L.; Adams, Cheryll M.; Pierce, Rebecca L.; Cassady, Jerrell C.; Dixon, Felicia A.

2007-01-01

The present study sought to examine the perceptions of giftedness and identification procedures held by experienced teachers of gifted minority students. Twenty-seven 4th-grade teachers of gifted students in an urban school system with a high representation of minority and economically disadvantaged students were surveyed. Results indicated that…

Operation of AC Adapters Visualized Using Light-Emitting Diodes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Regester, Jeffrey

2016-01-01

A bridge rectifier is a diamond-shaped configuration of diodes that serves to convert alternating current(AC) into direct current (DC). In our world of AC outlets and DC electronics, they are ubiquitous. Of course, most bridge rectifiers are built with regular diodes, not the light-emitting variety, because LEDs have a number of disadvantages. For…

Transfer Incentives for High-Performing Teachers: Final Results from a Multisite Randomized Experiment. NCEE 2014-4004

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glazerman, Steven; Protik, Ali; Teh, Bing-ru; Bruch, Julie; Max, Jeffrey

2013-01-01

One way to improve struggling schools' access to effective teachers is to use selective transfer incentives. Such incentives offer bonuses for the highest-performing teachers to move into schools serving the most disadvantaged students. In this report, we provide evidence from a randomized experiment that tested whether such a policy intervention…

Development of Specialists to Serve the Family Life and Impact Home Economics Programs. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Center for Vocational Education.

The purpose of the project was to provide current and/or prospective impact home economics teachers with opportunities to develop the sensitivity and skills needed to work with disadvantaged populations in inner city and rural areas. Twenty-four participants completed a one-week orientation workshop and a six-week internship. The orientation…

Project Aprendizaje. 1990-91 Final Evaluation Profile. OREA Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York City Board of Education, Brooklyn, NY. Office of Research, Evaluation, and Assessment.

An evaluation was done of New York City Public Schools' Project Aprendizaje, which served disadvantaged, immigrant, Spanish-speaking high school students at Seward Park High School in Manhattan. The Project enrolled 290 students in grades 9 through 12, 93.1 percent of whom were eligible for the Free Lunch Program. The Project provided students of…

Utility and Equity in Student Placement. Research on Evaluation Program, Paper and Report Series No. 56.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murray, Stephen L.

Issues in student placement, particularly of economically disadvantaged gifted students, are addressed. After a brief review of the legislative history of efforts to identify and serve this population, the conceptual framework of two diverse theoretical positions, decision theory and justice as fairness, is examined. Decision theory is considered…

When Care Trumps Justice: The Operationalization of Black Feminist Caring in Educational Leadership

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bass, Lisa

2012-01-01

In this study, I discuss the benefits of Black feminist caring (BFC) in educational leadership. I suggest that the ethic of care in educational leadership is a manifestation of strength when serving disadvantaged student populations. This article is based on a qualitative, exploratory, multicase study that examines the ethic of care in the…

Teachers' Views of Professional Learning and Collaboration in Four Urban Lebanese Primary Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bahous, Rima; Busher, Hugh; Nabhani, Mona

2016-01-01

This study to investigate how teachers develop their skills and knowledge to construct enthusiastic student learning and what part school principals play in that development was carried out in four primary schools serving disadvantaged communities in Beirut. In the absence of rich research in Lebanon on this topic, western literature was used to…

ORGANIZATION OF SCHOOLS TO PROVIDE ACADEMIC AID AND THERAPEUTIC COUNSELING TO DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

ROSEMAN, MARTHA O.

THE HELPING TEACHER, OR CRISIS TEACHER, PROGRAM WAS INITIATED TO SERVE CULTURALLY DEPRIVED AND DISTURBED CHILDREN IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL. IT (1) ASSISTED THE UNDERACHIEVER, (2) PROVIDED GUIDANCE, COUNSELING, AND LIFE SPACE INTERVIEWING TO A CHILD IN CRISIS, AND (3) DEFINED AND IMPROVED THE MENTAL HYGIENE OF STUDENTS AND STAFF. ASSISTANCE WAS OFFERED…

Interim Administrators in Higher Education: A National Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huff, Marie Thielke; Neubrander, Judy

2015-01-01

The focus of this paper is on the roles and experiences of interim administrators in higher education. A survey was given to current and recent interim administrators in four-year public universities and colleges across the United States. The goals were to identify the advantages and disadvantages of using and serving as interims, and to solicit…

Report of Library Services and Construction Act Project # 2842, January 1 - June 30, 1967.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Los Angeles Public Library, CA.

The third of the Los Angeles Public Library's semi-annual reports on its federal project for the disadvantaged includes individual staff reports from the Central Region, Bookmobile Division, Lincoln Heights, Venice, The Display Artist, and a student worker. In these reports are discussions of (1) conditions and people in the communities served,…

13 CFR 127.102 - What are the definitions of the terms used in this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... ADMINISTRATION WOMEN-OWNED SMALL BUSINESS FEDERAL CONTRACT ASSISTANCE PROCEDURES General Provisions § 127.102... contractor data for the Federal government. CCR also serves as the single portal for conducting searches of... more women who are U.S. citizens and who are economically disadvantaged in accordance with §§ 127.200...

Teacher Attrition and Mobility during the Teach for America Clustering Strategy in Miami-Dade County Public Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hansen, Michael; Backes, Ben; Brady, Victoria

2016-01-01

Retaining effective teachers is a key policy priority nationwide, particularly in districts that serve large numbers of disadvantaged students. We investigate whether a change in the Miami region's Teach for America (TFA) placement strategy was accompanied by changes in teacher attrition and mobility decisions. Our results suggest that the…

Federal Policy and the Teacher Labor Market: Exploring the Effects of NCB School Accountability on Teacher Turnover

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sun, Min; Saultz, Andrew; Ye, Yincheng

2017-01-01

The media suggest that accountability pressure increases teacher stress and drives teachers away from teaching, resulting in teachers leaving disadvantaged schools that serve larger proportions of poor and minority students. However, no prior work has systematically examined the changes in the national trends of teacher turnover in response to No…

[Personality traits of drivers serving a custodial sentence for drink driving].

PubMed

Pawłowska, Beata; Rzeszutko, Ewa

2015-01-01

The aim of the work was the analysis of personality traits of men serving a custodial sentence for driving under the influence of alcohol. The study included 44 males serving a custodial sentence for drink driving, 45 males serving a custodial sentence for assault and robbery as well as 32 men with no criminal record, who had never driven a motor vehicle under the influence of alcohol. The following research methods were used during the study: the Socio-demographic Questionnaire designed by the authors, the KRS, the Cattell's IPAT, the NI, the ACL and the Life style Questionnaire. The obtained results indicate significant statistical differences between the men serving the custodial sentence for drink driving as regards stress coping, anxiety level, intensified need to look for new experiences as well as anti-social personality traits. The men serving a custodial sentence for drink driving show intensified traits of antisocial personality, higher level of anxiety, intensified impulsiveness irritability, distrust, aggression, egocentrism, eccentricity, intensified need for recognition, breaking social standards, experiencing various stimuli, new impressions, greater adaptation difficulties, less self-discipline, lower self-esteem as well as more frequently used destructive, escapist and emotional stress coping strategies as compared to the people with no criminal record, who never drove while under the influence of alcohol. As regards the intensity of personality disorders, stress coping strategies and self-image no significant differences were found between the men serving a custodial sentence for drink driving and those imprisoned for assault and robbery.

[Social deprivation and time perception, the impact on smoking cessation].

PubMed

Merson, Frédéric; Perriot, Jean

2011-01-01

Smoking addiction and smoking behaviour are closely related to social deprivation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of social deprivation and time perspective on smoking cessation in order to improve the support provided to socially deprived persons seeking to quit smoking. The study examined the impact of social disadvantages and time perspective on smoking cessation. 192 patients (including 45% of socially disadvantaged people) participated in the study. Social deprivation was measured using the EPICES scale, while time perspective was measured using the short version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Data relating to individuals' characteristics, smoking addiction, behaviour and smoking cessation were collected as part of this research. Compared to the rest of the population, socially disadvantaged people were found to be more likely to stop smoking for financial reasons (p < 0.0001). The study also found that their attempts to quit smoking are more likely to fail (p = 0,006). In addition, socially disadvantaged people suffer more frequently from anxio-depressive disorders (p < 0.0001) and are also prone to a higher level of nicotine dependence (p < 0.0001). The 'Past-Negative' and ?Present-Fatalistic' dimensions of time perspective, toward which socially disadvantaged people are more likely to lean (p < 0.0001), are associated with failed smoking cessation. The ?Future' dimension, in which socially disadvantaged people are less likely to project themselves (p < 0.0002), is a predictive factor of smoking cessation. The results highlight the importance of taking into account social deprivation and time perspective in helping socially disadvantaged patients to quit smoking.

45 CFR 2551.101 - What rule governs the recruitment and enrollment of persons who do not meet the income...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... of persons who do not meet the income eligibility guidelines to serve as Senior Companions without...) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE SENIOR COMPANION PROGRAM Non-Stipended Senior Companions... eligibility guidelines to serve as Senior Companions without stipends? Over-income persons, age 55 or over...

77 FR 69483 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Information Collection; Summary Subcontract Report

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-19

... be posted without change to http://www.regulations.gov , including any personal and/or business... appropriate technological collection techniques or other forms of information technology. DATES: Submit... small business, small disadvantaged business, historically underutilized business zone (HUBZone) small...

75 FR 78953 - Department of the Treasury Acquisition Regulation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-17

...) A small business, women-owned small business, small disadvantaged business, small business owned and... optimal contract types, including considerations of performance based approaches, small business..., including any business or personal information provided, such as names, addresses, e-mail addresses, or...

Directory of Special Programs for Minority Group Members: Career Information Services, Employment Skill Banks, Financial Aid Sources. Second Edition, With an Additional Section on Employment Assistance Services for Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Willis L., Ed.

Although planned as a comprehensive listing of special programs for minority group members several decisions were made which significantly expanded its scope, and hopefully, makes it even more useful to candidates, counselors, and employers. A number of programs for "disadvantaged" persons were included. Some general programs, open to all persons,…

Effect of socioeconomic disadvantage, remoteness and Indigenous status on hospital usage for Western Australian preterm infants under 12 months of age: a population-based data linkage study

PubMed Central

Strobel, Natalie A; Peter, Sue; McAuley, Kimberley E; McAullay, Daniel R; Marriott, Rhonda; Edmond, Karen M

2017-01-01

Objectives Our primary objective was to determine the incidence of hospital admission and emergency department presentation in Indigenous and non-Indigenous preterm infants aged postdischarge from birth admission to 11 months in Western Australia. Secondary objectives were to assess incidence in the poorest infants from remote areas and to determine the primary causes of hospital usage in preterm infants. Design Prospective population-based linked data set. Setting and participants All preterm babies born in Western Australia during 2010 and 2011. Main outcome measures All-cause hospitalisations and emergency department presentations. Results There were 6.9% (4211/61 254) preterm infants, 13.1% (433/3311) Indigenous preterm infants and 6.5% (3778/57 943) non-Indigenous preterm infants born in Western Australia. Indigenous preterm infants had a higher incidence of hospital admission (adjusted incident rate ratio (aIRR) 1.24, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.42) and emergency department presentation (aIRR 1.71, 95% CI 1.44 to 2.02) compared with non-Indigenous preterm infants. The most disadvantaged preterm infants (7.8/1000 person days) had a greater incidence of emergency presentation compared with the most advantaged infants (3.1/1000 person days) (aIRR 1.61, 95% CI 1.30 to 2.00). The most remote preterm infants (7.8/1000 person days) had a greater incidence of emergency presentation compared with the least remote preterm infants (3.0/1000 person days; aIRR 1.82, 95% CI 1.49 to 2.22). Conclusions In Western Australia, preterm infants have high hospital usage in their first year of life. Infants living in disadvantaged areas, remote area infants and Indigenous infants are at increased risk. Our data highlight the need for improved postdischarge care for preterm infants. PMID:28100563

Effect of socioeconomic disadvantage, remoteness and Indigenous status on hospital usage for Western Australian preterm infants under 12 months of age: a population-based data linkage study.

PubMed

Strobel, Natalie A; Peter, Sue; McAuley, Kimberley E; McAullay, Daniel R; Marriott, Rhonda; Edmond, Karen M

2017-01-18

Our primary objective was to determine the incidence of hospital admission and emergency department presentation in Indigenous and non-Indigenous preterm infants aged postdischarge from birth admission to 11 months in Western Australia. Secondary objectives were to assess incidence in the poorest infants from remote areas and to determine the primary causes of hospital usage in preterm infants. Prospective population-based linked data set. All preterm babies born in Western Australia during 2010 and 2011. All-cause hospitalisations and emergency department presentations. There were 6.9% (4211/61 254) preterm infants, 13.1% (433/3311) Indigenous preterm infants and 6.5% (3778/57 943) non-Indigenous preterm infants born in Western Australia. Indigenous preterm infants had a higher incidence of hospital admission (adjusted incident rate ratio (aIRR) 1.24, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.42) and emergency department presentation (aIRR 1.71, 95% CI 1.44 to 2.02) compared with non-Indigenous preterm infants. The most disadvantaged preterm infants (7.8/1000 person days) had a greater incidence of emergency presentation compared with the most advantaged infants (3.1/1000 person days) (aIRR 1.61, 95% CI 1.30 to 2.00). The most remote preterm infants (7.8/1000 person days) had a greater incidence of emergency presentation compared with the least remote preterm infants (3.0/1000 person days; aIRR 1.82, 95% CI 1.49 to 2.22). In Western Australia, preterm infants have high hospital usage in their first year of life. Infants living in disadvantaged areas, remote area infants and Indigenous infants are at increased risk. Our data highlight the need for improved postdischarge care for preterm infants. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

Neighbourhood disadvantage, geographic remoteness and body mass index among immigrants to Australia: A national cohort study 2006-2014.

PubMed

Menigoz, Karen; Nathan, Andrea; Heesch, Kristiann C; Turrell, Gavin

2018-01-01

Obesity is socioeconomically, geographically and ethnically patterned. Understanding these elements of disadvantage is vital in understanding population obesity trends and the development of effective and equitable interventions. This study examined the relationship between neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and geographic remoteness with prospective trends in mean body mass index (BMI) among immigrants to Australia. Longitudinal data (2006-2014) from a national panel survey of Australian adults was divided into an immigrant-only sample (n = 4,293, 52.6% women and 19,404 person-year observations). The data were analysed using multi-level random effects linear regression modelling that controlled for individual socioeconomic and demographic factors. Male immigrants living in the most disadvantaged neighbourhoods had significantly higher mean BMI compared with those living in the least disadvantaged. Over time, mean BMI increased for all groups except for men living in the least disadvantaged neighbourhoods, for whom mean BMI remained almost static (0.1 kg/m2 increase from 2006 to 2014), effectively widening neighbourhood inequalities. Among women, mean BMI was also significantly higher in the most compared with the least, disadvantaged neighbourhoods (β = 2.08 kg/m2; 95%CI: 1.48, 2.68). Neighbourhood inequalities were maintained over time as mean BMI increased for all groups at a similar rate. Male and female immigrants residing in outer regional areas had significantly higher mean BMI compared with those living in major cities; however, differences were attenuated and no longer significant following adjustment for ethnicity, individual socioeconomic position and neighbourhood disadvantage. Over time, mean BMI increased in all male and female groups with no differences based on geographic remoteness. Obesity prevention policy targeted at immigrant cohorts needs to include area-level interventions that address inequalities in BMI arising from neighbourhood disadvantage, and be inclusive of immigrants living outside Australia's major cities.

Public perceptions of risk in criminality: the effects of mental illness and social disadvantage.

PubMed

Nee, Claire; Witt, Clare

2013-10-30

We examined how different types of mental illness elicited varying levels of predicted criminality and compared this with factors which might also elicit a negative response, specifically, a criminal history and social disadvantage. A sample of 243 participants undertook an anonymous, online experiment. Each participant was exposed to one of six vignettes: three involved mental illness (schizophrenia, depression/anxiety, or alcohol dependency); two in which socio-economic background was manipulated; and a control. The impact of mental illness, history of criminality and social disadvantage on the likelihood that the character in the vignette would commit future crime, and levels of sympathy, trust and potential for rehabilitation in the character were measured. Age and personal experience of mental illness and/or criminal behaviour in the participants was also examined. The sample were significantly more likely to think that a character would 'possibly' commit future crime if he had mental illness in comparison to the control, but crimes were expected to be minor. Significantly more discriminatory behaviour was reported towards the character with no mental illness but a disadvantaged background. Familiarity ameliorated this effect. Prejudice towards those with a criminal past and a disadvantaged background may be stronger than prejudice against those with mental illnesses. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Listening to Communities: Mixed-Method Study of the Engagement of Disadvantaged Mothers and Pregnant Women With Digital Health Technologies.

PubMed

Guendelman, Sylvia; Broderick, Andrew; Mlo, Hmellisa; Gemmill, Alison; Lindeman, David

2017-07-05

US health care providers are increasingly demanding patient engagement with digital health technologies to enroll in care, access personal health information, communicate with providers, and monitor their own health. Such engagement may be difficult for disadvantaged populations who may have limited health literacy, time constraints, or competing priorities. We aimed to understand the extent of adoption and use of digital health tools and to identify key perceived psychological motivators of technology use among disadvantaged first-time pregnant women and mothers of young children. We recruited women from health organizations serving low-income communities in the Midwest and on the East and West coasts. A total of 92 women participated in 14 focus groups. During each session, we administered worksheets that measured 3 utilization outcomes: the number of recent Web-based health-seeking activities, current use of digital health-management practices (eg, accessing personal health information, communicating with providers, and scheduling appointments), and potential adoption of digital health-management tools among low users or nonusers. Responses to the worksheets and to a pre-focus group survey on demographics, technology access, and motivators of use were examined to create user profiles. Separate regression models identified the motivators (eHealth literacy, internal health orientation, and trust in digital information) associated with these outcomes. Qualitative data were incorporated to illustrate the worksheet responses. Whereas 97% of the participants reported that they had searched for health information on the Internet in the past year, 42% did not engage in digital health-management practices. Among the low users and nonusers, 49% expressed interest in future adoption of digital health tools. Web-based health information-seeking activities were associated with digital health-management practices (P<.001). When controlling for covariates, eHealth literacy was positively correlated with the number of Web-based health-seeking activities (beta=.03, 95% CI 0.00-0.07). However, an internal health orientation was a much stronger correlate of digital health-management practices (beta=.13, 95% CI 0.02-0.24), whereas trust in digital information increased the odds of potential adoption (vs no adoption) in adjusted models (OR 5.21, 95% CI 0.84-32.53). Demographic characteristics were not important drivers of digital health use and few differences distinguished use among mothers and pregnant women. Seeking health information on the Internet may be an important gateway toward engaging in digital health-management practices. Notably, different consumer motivators influence digital health tool use. The relative contributions of each must be explored to design tools and interventions that enhance competencies for the management of self and child health among disadvantaged mothers and pregnant women. Unless we address disparities in digital health tool use, benefits from their use will accrue predominantly to individuals with the resources and skills to use technology effectively. ©Sylvia Guendelman, Andrew Broderick, Hmellisa Mlo, Alison Gemmill, David Lindeman. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 05.07.2017.

Metaphorical Mirror: Reflecting on Our Personal Pursuits to Discover and Challenge Our Teaching Practice Assumptions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wagenheim, Gary; Clark, Robert; Crispo, Alexander W.

2008-01-01

The goal of this paper is to examine how our personal pursuits--hobbies, activities, interests, and sports--can serve as a metaphor to reflect who we are in our teaching practice. This paper explores the notion that our favorite personal pursuits serve as metaphorical mirrors to reveal deeper assumptions we hold about the skills, values, and…

24 CFR 578.89 - Limitation on use of grant funds to serve persons defined as homeless under other federal laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... serve persons defined as homeless under other federal laws. 578.89 Section 578.89 Housing and Urban... persons defined as homeless under other federal laws. (a) Application requirement. Applicants that intend... federal laws in paragraph (3) of the homeless definition in § 576.2 must demonstrate in their application...

24 CFR 578.89 - Limitation on use of grant funds to serve persons defined as homeless under other federal laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... serve persons defined as homeless under other federal laws. 578.89 Section 578.89 Housing and Urban... persons defined as homeless under other federal laws. (a) Application requirement. Applicants that intend... federal laws in paragraph (3) of the homeless definition in § 576.2 must demonstrate in their application...

Third Wave.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reed, Chris

2000-01-01

Third Wave is a Christian charity based in Derby (England) that offers training in vocational skills, preindustrial crafts, horticultural and agricultural skills, environmental education, and woodland survival skills to disadvantaged people at city and farm locations. Third Wave employs a holistic approach to personal development in a community…

Video Games as Psychological Tests.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Marshall B.

1984-01-01

Briefly describes the characteristics of video games and discusses some advantages and disadvantages of their use to measure individual abilities. Relevant research is cited in the areas of stabilization with practice, predictive testing, performance testing, testing under extreme conditions, testing brain-injured persons, and differential…

23 CFR 230.107 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Policy. 230.107 Section 230.107 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CIVIL RIGHTS EXTERNAL PROGRAMS Equal Employment Opportunity on... assure the increased participation of minority groups and disadvantaged persons and women in all phases...

23 CFR 230.107 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Policy. 230.107 Section 230.107 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CIVIL RIGHTS EXTERNAL PROGRAMS Equal Employment Opportunity on... assure the increased participation of minority groups and disadvantaged persons and women in all phases...

23 CFR 230.107 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Policy. 230.107 Section 230.107 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CIVIL RIGHTS EXTERNAL PROGRAMS Equal Employment Opportunity on... assure the increased participation of minority groups and disadvantaged persons and women in all phases...

76 FR 21755 - Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health; Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-18

....14, Intramural Research Training Award; 93.22, Clinical Research Loan Repayment Program for... Program; 93.187, Undergraduate Scholarship Program for Individuals from Disadvantaged Backgrounds... Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892. Contact Person: Sheria Washington, Executive Secretary/Outreach Program...

Finding a Counseling Niche.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Journal of Counseling and Development, 1988

1988-01-01

Contains five personal accounts: "Answering the Cry of Disadvantaged Students" (Cheryl Bellamy); "A Change of Direction: From Researcher to Counselor in Nigeria" (Delores Mack); "Suicidal Encounters--Suicidal Experience" (Ralph Rickgarn); "Rescuing the Rescuers: First Responders at Risk" (Hal Snyder); and "Birth is Not Necessarily Painful: A…

Patients' experiences of continuity in the care of type 2 diabetes: a focus group study in primary care

PubMed Central

Alazri, Mohammed H; Neal, Richard D; Heywood, Phil; Leese, Brenda

2006-01-01

Background Continuity of care is fundamental to general practice and type 2 diabetes is a common chronic disease with major health and social impacts. Nevertheless continuity, as experienced by patients with type 2 diabetes, remains a neglected area. Aim To explore perceptions and experiences of continuity of care in general practice from the perspectives of patients with type 2 diabetes, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of different types of continuity. Design of study Focus groups with patients. Setting Seven practices with different organisational structures in Leeds, UK. Method Seventy-nine patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited. Focus group interviews were conducted with 79 patients with type 2 diabetes from seven practices in Leeds, UK. Results Patients experienced three different types of continuity: relational (or longitudinal) continuity, cross-boundary (or team) continuity, and continuity of information. Patients' perceptions of continuity were influenced by several factors including a personal relationship between themselves and their healthcare professional, their own beliefs and behaviours, presence of diabetes, and the systems and structures of general practices. Patients identified the advantages and disadvantages of two types of continuity. Relational or longitudinal continuity was important in providing psychosocial care, but with a risk of misdiagnosis. The advantages of cross-boundary or team continuity were to provide physical care, whereas the main disadvantages were the absence of personal care and patient confusion. Conclusion Perceptions of continuity by patients with type 2 diabetes were influenced by several factors; they perceived several advantages and disadvantages associated with different types of continuity. Patients might expect certain healthcare benefits by following certain types of continuity. PMID:16834874

Assigning exposure to pesticides and solvents from self-reports collected by a computer assisted personal interview and expert assessment of job codes: the UK Adult Brain Tumour Study.

PubMed

Hepworth, S J; Bolton, A; Parslow, R C; van Tongeren, M; Muir, K R; McKinney, P A

2006-04-01

To compare assignment of occupational pesticide and solvent exposure using self-reported data collected by a computer assisted personal interview (CAPI) with exposure based on expert assessment of job codes. To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using a CAPI to collect individual occupational exposure data. Between 2001 and 2004, 1495 participants were interviewed using a CAPI for a case-control study of adult brain tumours and acoustic neuromas. Two types of occupational data were collected: (1) a full history, including job title from which a job code was assigned from the Standard Occupational Classification; and (2) specific details on pesticide and solvent exposure reported by participants. Study members' experiences of using the CAPI were recorded and advantages and disadvantages summarised. Of 7192 jobs recorded, the prevalence of self-reported exposure was 1.3% for pesticides and 11.5% for solvents. Comparing this with exposure expertly assessed from job titles showed 53.6% and 45.8% concordance for pesticides and solvents respectively. Advantages of the CAPI include no data entry stage, automatic input validation, and a reduction in interviewer bias. Disadvantages include an adverse effect on study implementation as a consequence of resources required for programming and difficulties encountered with data management prior to analysis. Different methods of exposure assessment derive different exposure levels for pesticide and solvent exposure at work. Agreement between self-reported and expert assessment of exposure was greater for pesticides compared to solvents. The advantages of using a CAPI for the collection of complex data outweigh the disadvantages for interviewers and data quality but using such a method requires extra resources at the study outset.

Assigning exposure to pesticides and solvents from self‐reports collected by a computer assisted personal interview and expert assessment of job codes: the UK Adult Brain Tumour Study

PubMed Central

Hepworth, S J; Bolton, A; Parslow, R C; van Tongeren, M; Muir, K R; McKinney, P A

2006-01-01

Objectives To compare assignment of occupational pesticide and solvent exposure using self‐reported data collected by a computer assisted personal interview (CAPI) with exposure based on expert assessment of job codes. To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using a CAPI to collect individual occupational exposure data. Methods Between 2001 and 2004, 1495 participants were interviewed using a CAPI for a case‐control study of adult brain tumours and acoustic neuromas. Two types of occupational data were collected: (1) a full history, including job title from which a job code was assigned from the Standard Occupational Classification; and (2) specific details on pesticide and solvent exposure reported by participants. Study members' experiences of using the CAPI were recorded and advantages and disadvantages summarised. Results Of 7192 jobs recorded, the prevalence of self‐reported exposure was 1.3% for pesticides and 11.5% for solvents. Comparing this with exposure expertly assessed from job titles showed 53.6% and 45.8% concordance for pesticides and solvents respectively. Advantages of the CAPI include no data entry stage, automatic input validation, and a reduction in interviewer bias. Disadvantages include an adverse effect on study implementation as a consequence of resources required for programming and difficulties encountered with data management prior to analysis. Conclusions Different methods of exposure assessment derive different exposure levels for pesticide and solvent exposure at work. Agreement between self‐reported and expert assessment of exposure was greater for pesticides compared to solvents. The advantages of using a CAPI for the collection of complex data outweigh the disadvantages for interviewers and data quality but using such a method requires extra resources at the study outset. PMID:16556747

Good times, bad times: how personal disadvantage moderates the relationship between social dominance and efforts to win.

PubMed

Cozzolino, Philip J; Snyder, Mark

2008-10-01

Recent work has linked social dominance orientation (SDO) to ruthless, uncaring individuals who see the world as a competitive jungle. This need to "rule the jungle," then, should become activated when high SDOs are in positions that threaten their chances of victory. In Study 1, the authors manipulated advantage and disadvantage in the form of resources; in an ensuing task, they observed higher levels of greed only among disadvantaged high SDOs. In Study 2, high SDOs with less opportunity to compete relative to others evidenced significantly more extra-effort to win, even though their effort broke the rules. In Study 3, the authors replicated this effect and demonstrated that extra-effort predicted increased beliefs in actual performance, which in turn predicted decisions to argue for a higher score. In sum, the results provide support for the notion of SDO reflecting underlying needs to compete and win at all costs.

"Unequal opportunity": neighbourhood disadvantage and the chance to buy illegal drugs.

PubMed

Storr, C L; Chen, C-Y; Anthony, J C

2004-03-01

This study investigates whether subgroups of people living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods may be more likely to come into contact with drug dealers as compared with persons living in more advantaged areas, with due attention to male-female and race-ethnicity differences. Standardised survey data collected using stratified, multistage area probability sampling. United States of America, 1998. Nationally representative sample of household residents age 12 or older (n = 25 500). Evidence supports an inference that women are less likely to be approached by someone selling illegal drugs. The study found no more than modest and generally null racial and ethnicity differences, even for residents living within socially disadvantaged neighbourhoods, where chances to buy illegal drugs are found to be more common. Limitations of survey data always merit attention, but this study evidence lends support to the inference that physical and social characteristics of a neighbourhood can set the stage for opportunities to become involved with drugs.

Addressing Teacher Shortages in Disadvantaged Schools: Lessons from Two Institute of Education Sciences Studies. NCEE Evaluation Brief. NCEE 2013-4018

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, Melissa; McConnell, Sheena; Constantine, Jill; Chiang, Hanley

2013-01-01

Schools serving low-income students struggle to attract effective teachers, particularly in science and math. In response to these staffing difficulties, states have tried to lower the barriers to becoming a teacher by establishing "alternative routes to certification." These routes enable teachers to begin teaching before completing all…

Phased Arrays 1985 Symposium - Proceedings

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-08-01

have served the logic industry well, and appropriate versions can do the same for micruwdve drid millimeter * wave technology, An aspect of phased...continuing revolutions of the logic industry and the microwave monolithic integrated circuit community are bringing relevant technology closer to the array...monolithic phased array antennas, and discuss their relative advantages and disadvantages . Considerations such as bandwidth, maxianiru scan range, feed

Resurge '79. Manual for Identifying, Classifying and Serving the Disadvantaged and Handicapped under the Vocational Education Amendments of 1976 (P.L. 94-482).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bureau of Occupational and Adult Education (DHEW/OE), Washington, DC. Div. of Vocational and Technical Education.

This manual provides resource information for state staff in planning, implementing, and evaluating vocational education programs and services for special needs students. Part 1 focuses on development of vocational education programs for youth and adults with academic or economic handicaps which prevent them from succeeding in regular vocational…

Pushed Out? Low-Performing Students and New York City Charter Schools. Civic Report No. 95

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Winters, Marcus A.

2015-01-01

The significant growth of charter schools in the United States has brought praise for the excellent results achieved by some schools as well as criticism that charter schools may not be serving the most disadvantaged students. Critics of charter schools, in New York City and elsewhere, commonly assert that charters' (often) strong academic…

THE USE OF TEACHING TEAMS TO IMPROVE THE EDUCATION OF IN-MIGRANT, TRANSIENT PUPILS IN DEPRESSED AREAS. PROJECT PROPOSAL.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pittsburgh Public Schools, PA.

PROPOSED IS A PROJECT TO REORGANIZE THE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT IN FIVE DISADVANTAGED AREA ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS SERVING IN-MIGRANT, TRANSIENT CHILDREN. IT IS BELIEVED THAT THESE STUDENTS WILL IMPROVE THEIR ACHIEVEMENT IN ENGLISH, SOCIAL STUDIES, AND ARITHMETIC. NEW TEACHING METHODS WILL BE DEVELOPED, AND PARENTS WILL BE ENCOURAGED TO PLACE A GREATER…

Dale Avenue School Early Childhood Education Center Project. Research Bulletin, Volume I, No. 2, February 1971.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paterson Board of Education, NJ.

Described is an on-going 1970-71 urban early childhood education project serving 120 pre-kindergarten and 120 kindergarten culturally disadvantaged children in Paterson, New Jersey. Discussed are the program rationale based on the importance of preschool experience and the need for a model demonstration project. Purposes of the special project are…

Achievement Trends of Schools and Students in Arizona's Title I School Improvement Program. REL Technical Brief. REL 2011-No. 017

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crane, Eric W.; Barrat, Vanessa X.; Huang, Min

2011-01-01

This technical brief responds to an Arizona Department of Education request to study academic performance in schools receiving funding through the federal Title I compensatory education program, the section of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 governing resources for schools and districts serving disadvantaged populations. The brief describes…

Individuality and Contextual Influences on Drug Dependence: A 15-Year Prospective Longitudinal Study of Adolescents from Harlem

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brook, Judith S.; Lee, Jung Yeon; Brown, Elaine N.; Finch, Stephen J.; Brook, David W.

2012-01-01

In this 15-year longitudinal study the authors investigated individual and contextual factors that predispose adolescents from a disadvantaged urban area to drug dependence in adulthood. Adolescents were recruited from schools serving East Harlem in New York City. Of the 838 participants followed to adulthood, 59% were women, 55% were African…

Literacy Progress of Young Children from Poor Urban Settings: A Reading Recovery Comparison Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burroughs-Lange, Sue; Douetil, Julia

2007-01-01

This naturalistic inquiry evaluated the impact of early literacy intervention on children in London schools. The progress, in the 2005-06 school year, was compared for 234 of the lowest-achieving children in 42 schools serving disadvantaged urban areas. The children, aged around 6 years who received Reading Recovery in their schools, were compared…

Using Research to Improve College Readiness: A Research Partnership between the Los Angeles Unified School District and the Los Angeles Education Research Institute

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phillips, Meredith; Yamashiro, Kyo; Farrukh, Adina; Lim, Cynthia; Hayes, Katherine; Wagner, Nicole; White, Jeffrey; Chen, Hansheng

2015-01-01

The Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) serves a large majority of socioeconomically disadvantaged students who are struggling academically and are underprepared for high school graduation and college. This article describes the partnership between LAUSD and the Los Angeles Education Research Institute, and how this collaboration endeavors…

Transfer Incentives for High-Performing Teachers: Final Results from a Multisite Randomized Experiment. Executive Summary. NCEE 2014-4004

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glazerman, Steven; Protik, Ali; Teh, Bing-ru; Bruch, Julie; Max, Jeffrey

2013-01-01

One way to improve struggling schools' access to effective teachers is to use selective transfer incentives. Such incentives offer bonuses for the highest-performing teachers to move into schools serving the most disadvantaged students. In this report, we provide evidence from a randomized experiment that tested whether such a policy intervention…

Why the Gap? English Language Learners and New York City Charter Schools. Civic Report No. 93

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Winters, Marcus A.

2014-01-01

The significant growth of charter schools in the United States has brought both praise for the excellent results achieved by some schools and criticism that charter schools may not be serving the most disadvantaged students. In New York City and elsewhere, a significantly smaller proportion of students enrolled in charter schools are classified as…

Implementation of a Program To Actively Involve Parents in the Education of Their Fourth-Grade Children by Participating in School Activities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chisom, Yvette L.

An elementary school teacher in an urban school serving economically disadvantaged and middle-class black students implemented a practicum designed to increase involvement of parents of intermediate grade students in their children's education. Parent participation was mandatory in preschool and primary programs. But when children entered the…

The Adult Basic Education (ABE) Teacher Development Project (July 1, 1999 to June 30, 2000). Evaluation Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zane, Lawrence

This paper presents an evaluation of the Adult Basic Education (ABE) Teacher Development project. The ABE program was designed by the Hawaii Department of Education to meet the needs of educationally disadvantaged adults. Hawaii's community schools serve approximately 40,000 adults annually in the ABE program. Many of them are also enrolled in…

A Study of Principals' Instructional Leadership Behaviors and Beliefs of Good Pedagogical Practice among Effective California High Schools Serving Socioeconomically Disadvantaged and English Learners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peariso, Jamon Frederick

2011-01-01

This mixed methods descriptive and causal-comparative study investigates what instructional leadership behaviors effective California high school principals have and what their beliefs are in regards to pedagogy, related issues, and professional issues, either constructivist or instructivist in nature, in the environment of the current NCLB…

Federally Funded Educational Programs for Disadvantaged Children and Youth, ESEA Title I, 1976-1977, Organized into Counties.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York State Education Dept., Albany. Div. of Federal Education Opportunity Programs.

In this report, an abbreviated descriptive summary of each Title I compensatory education project implemented by local education agencies in New York State during fiscal year 1977 is provided. Listed by county and city, each program is explained in terms of grade level, staffing, objectives, services, materials, number of pupils served and…

The voices of older women in a disadvantaged community: issues of health and social capital.

PubMed

Boneham, Margaret Anne; Sixsmith, Judith A

2006-01-01

The voices of older women are rarely heard in debates about the health of disadvantaged groups. Despite growing interest in health in old age, the health experiences of older women as gendered social beings have yet to be fully explored. Their potential to contribute positively to family and community health is seldom acknowledged. The aim of this article is to present findings from a qualitative British Health Development Agency funded project on the relationship between social capital, health and gender, focusing on the health and social networks of older women in a socially disadvantaged community in the north of England. Seventy-seven community members were interviewed, of these 19 were older women aged 55-78 years. Their accounts of ill health in the context of ageing were analysed to explore the intricate ways in which social capital was created, maintained and linked to health. Findings suggest that social constructions of motherhood and caring underpinned responsibility for their own and others' health. Their experiences of dealing with health matters, together with frequent health talk, gave the women confidence as lay health experts, enabling them to contest medical advice. Drawing on personal experiences of trust and reciprocity, they recognised the importance of social networking in alleviating the problems of loneliness and isolation. At stressful times in their lives they were able to draw on existing support networks and, in spite of occasional personal conflicts, some benefited from the empowering and health-enhancing role of formal and informal participation in community life. These findings indicate that older women can operate autonomously in health matters and can substantially influence the development of healthy communities, although this can sometimes be at a personal cost.

The C2 Workstation and Data Replication over Disadvantaged Tactical Communication Links

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-09-01

person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number...SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT UU 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 14 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT unclassified b...PUBLIC RELEASE C2WS Physical Environment Zodiac Network Radio Network Combat Level Node (Vehicle) Radio Local Store Local Store Local Store To Other

The ethics and regulatory landscape of including vulnerable populations in pragmatic clinical trials.

PubMed

Welch, Mary Jane; Lally, Rachel; Miller, Jennifer E; Pittman, Stephanie; Brodsky, Lynda; Caplan, Arthur L; Uhlenbrauck, Gina; Louzao, Darcy M; Fischer, James H; Wilfond, Benjamin

2015-10-01

Policies have been developed to protect vulnerable populations in clinical research, including the US federal research regulations (45 Code of Federal Regulations 46 Subparts B, C, and D). These policies generally recognize vulnerable populations to include pregnant women, fetuses, neonates, children, prisoners, persons with physical handicaps or mental disabilities, and disadvantaged persons. The aim has been to protect these populations from harm, often by creating regulatory and ethical checks that may limit their participation in many clinical trials. The recent increase in pragmatic clinical trials raises at least two questions about this approach. First, is exclusion itself a harm to vulnerable populations, as these groups may be denied access to understanding how health interventions work for them in clinical settings? Second, are groups considered vulnerable in traditional clinical trials also vulnerable in pragmatic clinical trials? We argue first that excluding vulnerable subjects from participation in pragmatic clinical trials can be harmful by preventing acquisition of data to meaningfully inform clinical decision-making in the future. Second, we argue that protections for vulnerable subjects in traditional clinical trial settings may not be translatable, feasible, or even ethical to apply in pragmatic clinical trials. We conclude by offering specific recommendations for appropriately protecting vulnerable research subjects in pragmatic clinical trials, focusing on pregnant women, fetuses, neonates, children, prisoners, persons with physical handicaps or mental disabilities, and disadvantaged persons. © The Author(s) 2015.

Vulnerable populations in healthcare.

PubMed

Waisel, David B

2013-04-01

This review is designed to update readers on recent discussions and research regarding vulnerable populations in medicine, including patients who are socioeconomically disadvantaged, queer, in prison or labeled with a stigmatizing complex medical disease. Recent studies have more closely examined the effects of being part of a vulnerable population. Greater societal income inequality impacts those at the lower end of the income curve by increasing mortality and heightening the importance of individual personal situations. Recommendations from an extensive WHO report on the social determinants of health may affect social policy and use of public resources in Europe. Clinicians are undereducated about the lives and concerns of vulnerable populations, including LGBTQI persons, immigrants, physicians, prisoners, and families of patients with diseases considered 'incompatible with life'. Greater understanding of the cause of the health effects of being socioeconomically disadvantaged or being a member of a vulnerable population may be the first steps toward specific policy recommendations. Professional medical organizations and advocacy groups should raise awareness, provide education, publish guidelines and define the goals for the medical care for certain vulnerable populations.Vulnerable populations are at risk for disparate healthcare access and outcomes because of economic, cultural, ethnic or health characteristics. Vulnerable populations include patients who are racial or ethnic minorities, children, elderly, socioeconomically disadvantaged, underinsured or those with certain medical conditions. Members of vulnerable populations often have health conditions that are exacerbated by unnecessarily inadequate healthcare.

Insider-outsider perspectives of participant observation.

PubMed

Bonner, Ann; Tolhurst, Gerda

2002-01-01

Ann Bonner and Gerda Tolhurst provide personal accounts of their experiences in conducting research involving participant observation. Issues discussed include the advantages and disadvantages of nurse researchers as insiders and outsiders. Also considered are strategies used to overcome both researcher effect and participant response to the researcher.

Creating Interpretive Visual Texts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holt, Brenda Southerland

2012-01-01

In a study of "disadvantaged" Australian rural women on access scholarships at an elite metropolitan university, I explored the complex amalgam of agency, imagination and personal experience at the nexus of higher education mobility. Alongside the 200 digital photographs the participants took to explain their mobility away from…

Protective Surfacing for Playgrounds.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frost, Joe L.

Noting that 90 percent of serious playground injuries result from falls to hard surfaces, this paper reviews the advantages and disadvantages of various playground surfacing materials in terms of cost, climate, durability, aesthetics, and play value. Findings are based on the personal experience of the author, government documents, laboratory…

Flying Solo: Librarian, Manage Thyself.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Siess, Judith A.

1999-01-01

Discusses solo librarians, or one-person librarians, and the benefits and disadvantages of being the only professional in a library. Topics include independence, variety, enhanced feelings of self-worth, professional isolation, lack of clerical support, lack of job security, low pay, and a list of pertinent resources. (LRW)

Exploring the beliefs underlying attitudes to active voluntary euthanasia in a sample of Australian medical practitioners and nurses: a qualitative analysis.

PubMed

White, Katherine M; Wise, Susi E; Young, Ross McD; Hyde, Melissa K

A qualitative study explored beliefs about active voluntary euthanasia (AVE) in a sample (N = 18) of medical practitioners and nurses from Australia, where AVE is not currently legal. Four behaviors relating to AVE emerged during the interviews: requesting euthanasia for oneself, legalizing AVE, administering AVE to patients if it were legalized, and discussing AVE with patients if they request it. Using thematic analysis, interviews were analyzed for beliefs related to advantages and disadvantages of performing these AVE behaviors. Medical practitioners and nurses identified a number of similar benefits for performing the AVE-related behaviors, both for themselves personally and as health professionals. Benefits also included a consideration of the positive impact for patients, their families, and the health care system. Disadvantages across behaviors focused on the potential conflict between those parties involved in the decision making process, as well as conflict between one's own personal and professional values.

Sociodemographic variations in the amount, duration and cost of potentially preventable hospitalisation for chronic conditions among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians: a period prevalence study of linked public hospital data

PubMed Central

Banham, David; Chen, Tenglong; Karnon, Jonathan; Brown, Alex; Lynch, John

2017-01-01

Objectives To determine disparities in rates, length of stay (LOS) and hospital costs of potentially preventable hospitalisations (PPH) for selected chronic conditions among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal South Australians (SA), then examine associations with area-level socioeconomic disadvantage and remoteness. Setting Period prevalence study using linked, administrative public hospital records. Participants Participants included all SA residents in 2005–2006 to 2010–2011. Analysis focused on those individuals experiencing chronic PPH as defined by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Primary outcome measures Number and rates (unadjusted, then adjusted for sex and age) of chronic PPH, total LOS and direct hospital costs by Aboriginality. Results Aboriginal SAs experienced higher risk of index chronic PPH compared with non-Aboriginals (11.5 and 6.2 per 1000 persons per year, respectively) and at younger ages (median age 48 vs 70 years). Once hospitalised, Aboriginal people experienced more chronic PPH events, longer total LOS with higher costs than non-Aboriginal people (2.6 vs 1.9 PPH per person; 11.7 vs 9.0 days LOS; at $A17 928 vs $A11 515, respectively). Compared with population average LOS, the standardised rate ratio of LOS among Aboriginal people increased by 0.03 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.07) as disadvantage rank increased and 1.04 (95% CI 0.63 to 1.44) as remoteness increased. Non-Aboriginal LOS also increased as disadvantage increased but at a lower rate (0.01 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.01)). Costs of Aboriginal chronic PPH increased by 0.02 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.06) for each increase in disadvantage and 1.18 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.55) for increased remoteness. Non-Aboriginal costs also increased as disadvantage increased but at lower rates (0.01 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.01)). Conclusion Aboriginal people’s heightened risk of chronic PPH resulted in more time in hospital and greater cost. Systematic disparities in chronic PPH by Aboriginality, area disadvantage and remoteness highlight the need for improved uptake of effective primary care. Routine, regional reporting will help monitor progress in meeting these population needs. PMID:29038183

Sociodemographic variations in the amount, duration and cost of potentially preventable hospitalisation for chronic conditions among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians: a period prevalence study of linked public hospital data.

PubMed

Banham, David; Chen, Tenglong; Karnon, Jonathan; Brown, Alex; Lynch, John

2017-10-15

To determine disparities in rates, length of stay (LOS) and hospital costs of potentially preventable hospitalisations (PPH) for selected chronic conditions among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal South Australians (SA), then examine associations with area-level socioeconomic disadvantage and remoteness. Period prevalence study using linked, administrative public hospital records. Participants included all SA residents in 2005-2006 to 2010-2011. Analysis focused on those individuals experiencing chronic PPH as defined by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Number and rates (unadjusted, then adjusted for sex and age) of chronic PPH, total LOS and direct hospital costs by Aboriginality. Aboriginal SAs experienced higher risk of index chronic PPH compared with non-Aboriginals (11.5 and 6.2 per 1000 persons per year, respectively) and at younger ages (median age 48 vs 70 years). Once hospitalised, Aboriginal people experienced more chronic PPH events, longer total LOS with higher costs than non-Aboriginal people (2.6 vs 1.9 PPH per person; 11.7 vs 9.0 days LOS; at $A17 928 vs $A11 515, respectively). Compared with population average LOS, the standardised rate ratio of LOS among Aboriginal people increased by 0.03 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.07) as disadvantage rank increased and 1.04 (95% CI 0.63 to 1.44) as remoteness increased. Non-Aboriginal LOS also increased as disadvantage increased but at a lower rate (0.01 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.01)). Costs of Aboriginal chronic PPH increased by 0.02 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.06) for each increase in disadvantage and 1.18 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.55) for increased remoteness. Non-Aboriginal costs also increased as disadvantage increased but at lower rates (0.01 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.01)). Aboriginal people's heightened risk of chronic PPH resulted in more time in hospital and greater cost. Systematic disparities in chronic PPH by Aboriginality, area disadvantage and remoteness highlight the need for improved uptake of effective primary care. Routine, regional reporting will help monitor progress in meeting these population needs. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

A Private Sector Guide to CETA.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greenwood, Katy; And Others

Written to provide business executives with examples of Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) programs that successfully prepare people to be skilled workers, this guide also describes the financial incentives for hiring unemployed and economically disadvantaged persons. In an overview of CETA and Title VII programs, private industry…

Data Input for Libraries: State-of-the-Art Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buckland, Lawrence F.

This brief overview of new manuscript preparation methods which allow authors and editors to set their own type discusses the advantages and disadvantages of optical character recognition (OCR), microcomputers and personal computers, minicomputers, and word processors for editing and database entry. Potential library applications are also…

The Computer and Recreation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Edwards, Paul

The paper examines the applications of microcomputers to recreation programing for blind persons. The accessibility of microcomputers to this population is discussed, and the advantages as well as disadvantages of speech synthesis equipment are noted. Information is presented on the modification of hardware for Radio Shack and Apple computers.…

Gaming: An Emergent Discipline.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duke, Richard D.

1995-01-01

This personal narrative traces the background of instructional gaming from 1958 to 1995. The advantages and disadvantages of gaming as a disciplined activity are considered. The evolution of professional organizations, related academic activity, the game design process, and the need for consistent use of terms are addressed. Contains 57…

From Learning Organization to Learning Community: Sustainability through Lifelong Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kearney, Judith; Zuber-Skerritt, Ortrun

2012-01-01

Purpose: This paper aims to: extend the concept of "The learning organization" to "The learning community," especially disadvantaged communities; demonstrate how leaders in a migrant community can achieve positive change at the personal, professional, team and community learning levels through participatory action learning and…

Understanding Floppy Disks.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Valentine, Pamela

1980-01-01

The author describes the floppy disk with an analogy to the phonograph record, and discusses the advantages, disadvantages, and capabilities of hard-sectored and soft-sectored floppy disks. She concludes that, at present, the floppy disk will continue to be the primary choice of personal computer manufacturers and their customers. (KC)

Differences between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Families in Social Capital and Child Development: First-Year Findings from an Experimental Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gamoran, Adam; Turley, Ruth N. Lopez; Turner, Alyn; Fish, Rachel

2012-01-01

Disadvantages faced by Hispanic children in the U.S., compared to non-Hispanic Whites, have been widely reported. Economic differences account for some of the gaps, but the social isolation of Hispanic families also serves as a barrier to children's success. Whereas Hispanic families tend to have strong kinship networks, their social ties often do…

Towards Developing New Teacher Competencies in Response to Mega-Trends in Curriculum Reforms. Report of a Regional Study Group Meeting (Chiang Rai, Thailand, June 25-July 6, 1990).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Bangkok (Thailand). Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.

The meeting reported in this document focused on the relevance of education to societal requirements, training of educational personnel, distance education, and ways for teacher education to serve the needs of disadvantaged population groups. Countries represented included: Australia, Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic),…

Effective and Promising Summer Learning Programs and Approaches for Economically-Disadvantaged Children and Youth: A White Paper for the Wallace Foundation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Terzian, Mary; Moore, Kristin Anderson; Hamilton, Kathleen

2009-01-01

This White Paper summarizes findings from an extensive literature review that was conducted to identify the most promising models and approaches for meeting the needs of low-income children, youth, and families during the summer months. Special attention is paid to summer learning programs that serve diverse, urban low-income children and youth.…

Engaging Stakeholders in Generating Solutions to Address Enrollment Decline in an Urban Faith-Based Elementary School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson, Monica B.

2014-01-01

The United States has a tradition of faith-based K-12 education that can be traced back to the 1600s. This sector of education has played a vital role in America's urban communities. Faith-based schools have a strong record of serving disadvantaged families. They provide moral grounding, community ethic, safe and structured environment, academic…

Preschool Teachers Can Use a PBS KIDS Transmedia Curriculum Supplement to Support Young Children's Mathematics Learning: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Llorente, Carlin; Pasnik, Shelley; Moorthy, Savitha; Hupert, Naomi; Rosenfeld, Deborah; Gerard, Sarah

2015-01-01

The current study, a randomized controlled trial, explores how technology and educational transmedia resources can enhance prekindergarten math teaching and learning in preschools, especially those serving children who may be at risk for academic difficulties due to economic and social disadvantages. This research is part of a multi-year summative…

Trends and tips for online recruiting and job hunts.

PubMed

Franz, D

1999-01-01

The Internet is providing new ways to find a new job or a great job candidate. Online job banks can make searches easy, but it's best to have a sense of what type of job bank will best serve your purposes. This article describes six different business models employed by Internet job banks and outlines their advantages and disadvantages. A list of online resources is included.

Exposures to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and associated health risks of socio-economically disadvantaged population in a "hot spot" in Camden, New Jersey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Xiangmei (May); Fan, Zhihua (Tina); Zhu, Xianlei; Jung, Kyung Hwa; Ohman-Strickland, Pamela; Weisel, Clifford P.; Lioy, Paul J.

2012-09-01

To address disparities in health risks associated with ambient air pollution for racial/ethnic minority groups, this study characterized personal and ambient concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a suspected hot spot of air pollution - the Village of Waterfront South (WFS), and an urban reference community - the Copewood/Davis Streets (CDS) neighborhood in Camden, New Jersey. Both are minority-dominant, impoverished communities. We collected 24-h integrated personal air samples from 54 WFS residents and 53 CDS residents, with one sample on a weekday and one on a weekend day during the summer and winter seasons of 2004-2006. Ambient air samples from the center of each community were also collected simultaneously during personal air sampling. Toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (TEX) presented higher (p < 0.05) ambient levels in WFS than in CDS, particularly during weekdays. A stronger association between personal and ambient concentrations of MTBE and TEX was found in WFS than in CDS. Fourteen to forty-two percent of the variation in personal MTBE, hexane, benzene, and TEX was explained by local outdoor air pollution. These observations indicated that local sources impacted the community air pollution and personal exposure in WFS. The estimated cancer risks resulting from two locally emitted VOCs, benzene and ethylbenzene, and non-cancer neurological and respiratory effects resulting from hexane, benzene, toluene, and xylenes exceeded the US EPA risk benchmarks in both communities. These findings emphasized the need to address disparity in health risks associated with ambient air pollution for the socio-economically disadvantaged groups. This study also demonstrated that air pollution hot spots similar to WFS can provide robust setting to investigate health effects of ambient air pollution.

Neighborhood Racial/Ethnic Concentration, Social Disadvantage, and Homicide Risk: An Ecological Analysis of 10 U.S. Cities

PubMed Central

Wall, Melanie

2008-01-01

Homicide is one of the leading causes of death among African-American and Hispanic men. We investigated how neighborhood characteristics associated with social disadvantage explain racial/ethnic homicide gaps in 10 U.S. cities. The test hypotheses were that (1) higher concentrations of African-Americans and Hispanics would be associated with higher homicide rates and (2) the relationship between racial/ethnic concentration and homicide would be attenuated after adjusting for neighborhood characteristics (e.g., unemployment, median household income, low educational attainment, and female headship). The test hypotheses were examined using separate Poisson regression models, which adjusted for spatial autocorrelation. Homicide rates were greater in neighborhoods with higher concentrations of African-Americans and Hispanics than in other groups, and the association of neighborhood racial/ethnic concentration with homicide was reduced after adjusting for neighborhood social disadvantage variables, especially percent female head of household and percent persons with less than a high school education. We also found that the relationship between neighborhood racial/ethnic concentration and homicide was explained more by social disadvantage variables in some cities than in others. Based on our findings, policy makers may wish to consider implementation of policies that (1) expand early childhood education programs and higher education opportunities and (2) encourage economic and community development initiatives in socially disadvantaged neighborhoods. PMID:18661242

Understanding the Mechanisms Through Which an Influential Early Childhood Program Boosted Adult Outcomes

PubMed Central

Heckman, James; Pinto, Rodrigo

2013-01-01

A growing literature establishes that high quality early childhood interventions targeted toward disadvantaged children have substantial impacts on later life outcomes. Little is known about the mechanisms producing these impacts. This paper uses longitudinal data on cognitive and personality traits from an experimental evaluation of the influential Perry Preschool program to analyze the channels through which the program boosted both male and female participant outcomes. Experimentally induced changes in personality traits explain a sizable portion of adult treatment effects. PMID:24634518

Between Industry and Academia: A Physicist's Experiences at The Aerospace Corporation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Camparo, James

2005-03-01

The Aerospace Corporation is a nonprofit company whose purposes are exclusively scientific: to provide research, development, and advisory services for space programs that serve the national interest, primarily the Air Force's Space and Missile Systems Center and the National Reconnaissance Office. The corporation's laboratory has a staff of about 150 scientists who conduct research in fields ranging from Space Sciences to Material Sciences and from Analytical Chemistry to Atomic Physics. As a consequence, Aerospace stands midway between an industrial research laboratory, focused on product development, and academic/national laboratories focused on basic science. Drawing from Dr. Camparo's personal experiences, the presentation will discuss advantages and disadvantages of a career at Aerospace, including the role of publishing in peer-reviewed journals and the impact of work on family life. Additionally, the presentation will consider the balance between basic physics, applied physics, and engineering in the work at Aerospace. Since joining Aerospace in 1981, Dr. Camparo has worked as an atomic physicist specializing in the area of atomic clocks, and has had the opportunity to experiment and publish on a broad range of research topics including: the stochastic-field/atom interaction, radiation effects on semiconductor materials, and stellar scintillation.

Seeking help for depression from family and friends: a qualitative analysis of perceived advantages and disadvantages.

PubMed

Griffiths, Kathleen M; Crisp, Dimity A; Barney, Lisa; Reid, Russell

2011-12-15

People with depression often seek help from family and friends and public health campaigns frequently encourage such help seeking behaviours. However, there has been little systematically collected empirical data concerning the effects of such informal help seeking. The current study sought to investigate the views of consumers about the advantages and disadvantages of seeking support from family and friends for depression. Participants were the subset of 417 respondents to a survey, sent to 7000 randomly selected members of an Australian electoral community, who indicated that they had sought help for depression from family or friends. One item on the survey asked participants to indicate the advantages or disadvantages of seeking help from family or friends. A coding system was developed based on a content analysis of the responses to the item. Each of the responses was then coded by two raters. Respondents identified both advantages and disadvantages of seeking support from friends. The most commonly cited advantage was social support (n = 282) including emotional support (n = 154), informational support (n = 93), companionship support (n = 36) and instrumental support (n = 23). Other advantages related to family's or friend's background knowledge of the person and their circumstances (n = 72), the opportunity to offload the burden associated with depression (n = 62), the personal attributes of family and friends (n = 49), their accessibility (n = 36), and the opportunity to educate family and friends and increase their awareness about the respondent's depression (n = 30). The most commonly cited disadvantages were stigma (n = 53), inappropriate support (n = 45), the family member's lack of knowledge, training and expertise (n = 32) and the adverse impact of the help seeking on the family/friend (n = 20) and the relationship (n = 18). Family and friends are well placed to provide support which consumers perceive to be positive and which can assist them in obtaining formal mental health treatment. However, the input of some family members may be unhelpful or toxic. There may be benefits in undertaking community education and destigmatisation programs which target carers.

Seeking help for depression from family and friends: A qualitative analysis of perceived advantages and disadvantages

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background People with depression often seek help from family and friends and public health campaigns frequently encourage such help seeking behaviours. However, there has been little systematically collected empirical data concerning the effects of such informal help seeking. The current study sought to investigate the views of consumers about the advantages and disadvantages of seeking support from family and friends for depression. Methods Participants were the subset of 417 respondents to a survey, sent to 7000 randomly selected members of an Australian electoral community, who indicated that they had sought help for depression from family or friends. One item on the survey asked participants to indicate the advantages or disadvantages of seeking help from family or friends. A coding system was developed based on a content analysis of the responses to the item. Each of the responses was then coded by two raters. Results Respondents identified both advantages and disadvantages of seeking support from friends. The most commonly cited advantage was social support (n = 282) including emotional support (n = 154), informational support (n = 93), companionship support (n = 36) and instrumental support (n = 23). Other advantages related to family's or friend's background knowledge of the person and their circumstances (n = 72), the opportunity to offload the burden associated with depression (n = 62), the personal attributes of family and friends (n = 49), their accessibility (n = 36), and the opportunity to educate family and friends and increase their awareness about the respondent's depression (n = 30). The most commonly cited disadvantages were stigma (n = 53), inappropriate support (n = 45), the family member's lack of knowledge, training and expertise (n = 32) and the adverse impact of the help seeking on the family/friend (n = 20) and the relationship (n = 18). Conclusions Family and friends are well placed to provide support which consumers perceive to be positive and which can assist them in obtaining formal mental health treatment. However, the input of some family members may be unhelpful or toxic. There may be benefits in undertaking community education and destigmatisation programs which target carers. PMID:22171567

Do Sleep and Psychological Distress Mediate the Association Between Neighborhood Factors and Pain?

PubMed

Brooks Holliday, Stephanie; Dubowitz, Tamara; Ghosh-Dastidar, Bonnie; Beckman, Robin; Buysse, Daniel; Hale, Lauren; Buman, Matthew; Troxel, Wendy

2018-05-14

Pain affects millions of American adults. However, individuals from socioeconomically disadvantaged groups experience higher rates of pain, and individuals from racial/ethnic minorities report greater pain severity and pain-related disability. Some studies find an association between neighborhood socioeconomic status and pain. The present study aimed to further understand the association between neighborhood disadvantage and pain, including the role of objective (e.g., crime rates) and subjective neighborhood characteristics (e.g., perceived safety, neighborhood satisfaction), and to examine sleep and psychological distress as potential mediators of these associations. The sample included 820 participants from two predominantly African American socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Trained data collectors interviewed participants on a number of self-report measures, and objective neighborhood characteristics were obtained from city crime data and street segment audits. Subjective characteristics, specifically perceived infrastructure and perceived safety, were associated with pain. Based on bootstrapped regression models, sleep efficiency and psychological distress were tested as mediators of the association between these neighborhood factors and pain. Results of mediation testing indicated that psychological distress served as a significant mediator. Though sleep efficiency was not a mediator, it had a significant independent association with pain. Understanding the contribution of sleep problems and psychological distress to pain among at-risk individuals living in disadvantaged neighborhoods is important to identifying ways that individual- and neighborhood-level interventions may be leveraged to reduce pain-related disparities.

Religious belief as compensatory control.

PubMed

Kay, Aaron C; Gaucher, Danielle; McGregor, Ian; Nash, Kyle

2010-02-01

The authors review experimental evidence that religious conviction can be a defensive source of compensatory control when personal or external sources of control are low. They show evidence that (a) belief in religious deities and secular institutions can serve as external forms of control that can compensate for manipulations that lower personal control and (b) religious conviction can also serve as compensatory personal control after experimental manipulations that lower other forms of personal or external control. The authors review dispositional factors that differentially orient individuals toward external or personal varieties of compensatory control and conclude that compensatory religious conviction can be a flexible source of personal and external control for relief from the anxiety associated with random and uncertain experiences.

40 CFR 141.132 - Monitoring requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... H system serving at least 10,000 persons which has a source water annual average TOC level, before.... Subpart H system serving from 500 to 9,999 persons which has a source water annual average TOC level... monitoring. (iii) Monitoring requirements for source water TOC. In order to qualify for reduced monitoring...

Annual Descriptive Report, 1967-68.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Puerto Rico State Dept. of Education, Hato Rey. Area for Vocational and Technical Education.

Level of person served, occupational field involved, and community within the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, serve to organize the accomplishments for the year. Expansions and improvements are described for high school and post-secondary students, for employed persons, and those with special needs by each of the following vocational areas: (1) trade…

Understanding the impacts of care farms on health and well-being of disadvantaged populations: a protocol of the Evaluating Community Orders (ECO) pilot study.

PubMed

Elsey, H; Bragg, R; Elings, M; Cade, J E; Brennan, C; Farragher, T; Tubeuf, S; Gold, R; Shickle, D; Wickramasekera, N; Richardson, Z; Murray, J

2014-10-30

Care farms, where all or part of the farm is used for therapeutic purposes, show much potential for improving the health and well-being of a range of disadvantaged groups. Studies to date have been qualitative or observational, with limited empirical evidence of the effectiveness of care farms in improving health and well-being. Understanding the underlying mechanisms that lead to improvements for different disadvantaged groups is a further gap in the evidence. Participants in this study are offenders serving community orders. Their low socioeconomic status and poor health outcomes relative to the general population exemplifies disadvantage. This paper describes the protocol of a study to understand the impacts of care farms and to pilot the design and tools for a study to assess cost-effectiveness of care farms in improving the quality of life of offenders. As a pilot study, no power calculation has been conducted. However, 150 offenders serving community sentences on care farms and 150 on other probation locations (eg, litter picking, painting) will be recruited over a 1-year period. Changes in quality of life, measured by Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure, health and reconvictions of offenders at care farms compared to other probation locations will be analysed to inform the sample size calculation for the follow on study. The feasibility of recruitment, retention, collecting cost data and modelling cost-effectiveness will also be assessed. The study will use qualitative methods to explore the experiences of offenders attending care farms and perceptions of probation and care farm staff on the processes and impacts of the intervention. Findings will be published and inform development of a natural experiment and will be disseminated to probation services, care farms and academics. University of Leeds Ethical Review Board approved: SoMREC/13/014. National Offender Management Service (NOMS) approved: 2013-257. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

West Hills College Cooperative Training Network. Final Performance and Financial Status Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

West Hills Community Coll., Coalinga, CA.

A cooperative training network was developed by West Hills Community College (Coalinga, California), in conjunction with government agencies/private businesses, to train students in truck driving skills. Emphasis was placed on training women, members of minority groups, and disadvantaged persons. During the project, an advisory council was…

Comprehensive Long-Range Program for Library Services in Wisconsin.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wisconsin State Dept. of Public Instruction, Madison. Div. of Library Services.

The main areas of concern in this long-range development program to meet the requirements of the Library Services and Construction Act are the following: public library development and facilities, public library services for the disadvantaged, library services for the blind, physically handicapped and institutionalized persons, intertype library…

Meaning of Homeownership for Individuals with Developmental Disabilities: A Qualitative Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hagner, David; Snow, Judith; Klein, Jay

2006-01-01

In-person semi-structured interviews were conducted with 7 homeowners selected by 6 state homeownership programs as representing good examples of homeownership by individuals with developmental disabilities. Recurring themes were found in the choice of a home, advantages and disadvantages of homeownership, handling problems, community…

Annual Summary. Training and Technology Experimentation, Demonstration, and Utilization Program Activities (January 1-December 31, 1971).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oak Ridge Associated Universities, TN.

Directed primarily toward increasing utilization of industrial resources for training and development of disadvantaged persons, Training and Technology (TAT) activities for 1971 included: (1) development and implementation of experimental approaches to program development and operation, (2) technical support for university-conducted related…

78 FR 61377 - Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health; Notice of Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-03

...; 93.22, Clinical Research Loan Repayment Program for Individuals from Disadvantaged Backgrounds; 93... clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy. Name of Committee: Office of Research Infrastructure Programs Special Emphasis Panel; Biomedical Research Conference Review. Date: October 22, 2013. Time: 3:00...

EARLY TRAINING PROJECT. INTERIM REPORT.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

GRAY, SUSAN W.; KLAUS, RUPERT A.

THE EARLY TRAINING PROJECT ATTEMPTED TO IMPROVE THE INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONING AND PERSONAL ADJUSTMENT OF CULTURALLY DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN THROUGH SPECIAL EXPERIENCES IN THE 15- OR 24-MONTHS PRECEDING FIRST GRADE AND IN THE FIRST YEAR OF SCHOOL. THE PROCEDURES OF THE PROJECT CONSISTED OF TWO TRAINING SEQUENCES. THE FIRST SEQUENCE INVOLVED TWO…

Using Elderly Educators to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weinrich, Sally P.; And Others

1993-01-01

Used elderly educator method for increasing rate of return of fecal occult blood sampling in colorectal screening among 171 socioeconomically disadvantaged older persons. Two methods using elderly educators had overall response rate of more than 60%. Found statistically significant difference between two methods that used elderly educators and two…

Mobile Asylums: Psychopathologisation as a Personal, Portable Psychiatric Prison

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harwood, Valerie

2010-01-01

Psychopathologisation, broadly understood as processes that lead to the effects of being psychopathologised, can have considerable consequences for isolating students from education. This can be especially the case for children and young people affected by the racialisation of behaviour and/or socio-economic disadvantage. Drawing on Foucault's…

Recognition of Facially Expressed Emotions and Visual Search Strategies in Adults with Asperger Syndrome

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Falkmer, Marita; Bjallmark, Anna; Larsson, Matilda; Falkmer, Torbjorn

2011-01-01

Can the disadvantages persons with Asperger syndrome frequently experience with reading facially expressed emotions be attributed to a different visual perception, affecting their scanning patterns? Visual search strategies, particularly regarding the importance of information from the eye area, and the ability to recognise facially expressed…

LOTUS 1-2-3 and Decision Support: Allocating the Monograph Budget.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perry-Holmes, Claudia

1985-01-01

Describes the use of electronic spreadsheet software for library decision support systems using personal computers. Discussion covers templates, formulas for allocating the materials budget, LOTUS 1-2-3 and budget allocations, choosing a formula, the spreadsheet itself, graphing capabilities, and advantages and disadvantages of templates. Six…

The Enduring Significance of Racism: Discrimination and Delinquency among Black American Youth

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Monica J.; McCarthy, Bill; Conger, Rand D.; Gibbons, Frederick X.; Simons, Ronald L.; Cutrona, Carolyn E.; Brody, Gene H.

2011-01-01

Prominent explanations of the overrepresentation of Black Americans in criminal justice statistics focus on the effects of neighborhood concentrated disadvantage, racial isolation, and social disorganization. We suggest that perceived personal discrimination is an important but frequently neglected complement to these factors. We test this…

32 CFR 776.30 - Successive Government and private employment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... covered USG attorney in a firm, partnership, or association knows that another attorney within the firm, partnership, or association is undertaking or continuing representation in such a matter: (i) The disqualified... material disadvantage of that person. The former covered USG attorney may continue association with a firm...

49 CFR 26.63 - What rules govern group membership determinations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...? 26.63 Section 26.63 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation PARTICIPATION BY... making such a determination, you must consider whether the person has held himself out to be a member of... individual must demonstrate social and economic disadvantage on an individual basis. (2) Your decisions...

School Job Placement: Can It Avoid Reproducing Social Inequalities?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Redline, Julie E.; Rosenbaum, James E.

2010-01-01

Background: Labor market entry is difficult for two-year college graduates. Job search literature focuses on personal connections, but disadvantaged students often lack useful contacts. Moreover, employers often don't recognize and value two-year college credentials as much as bachelor's degrees. Teacher contacts could help, but studies find that…

Life Skills: a Course in Applied Problem Solving.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saskatchewan NewStart, Inc., Prince Albert.

This paper describes a Life Skills Course developed by Saskatchewan Newstart Inc. The course represents an attempt to integrate educational and psychotherapeutic principles and techniques for the development of personal competence in many aspects of life among the disadvantaged. It provides the student with competence in the use of problem solving…

Common Sense Wordworking III: Desktop Publishing and Desktop Typesetting.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crawford, Walt

1987-01-01

Describes current desktop publishing packages available for microcomputers and discusses the disadvantages, especially in cost, for most personal computer users. Also described is a less expensive alternative technology--desktop typesetting--which meets the requirements of users who do not need elaborate techniques for combining text and graphics.…

13 CFR 124.108 - What other eligibility requirements apply for individuals or businesses?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... holder of at least 10 percent of its stock, or another person (including key employees) with significant... of benchmarks. Where actual participation by disadvantaged businesses in a particular SIC Major Group exceeds the benchmark limitations established by the Department of Commerce, SBA, in its discretion, may...

"Looking at Evil": The Liverpool Child Murder.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Petrie, Ian R.

1994-01-01

Examines case of 2 10-year-old English boys who murdered 2-year-old boy. Briefly reviews trial and defendants, examining the world of these two young murderers. Discusses public attitudes and mental health, economic and social disadvantages, violent videos, importance of early identification and intervention, affective and personal needs, and…

Editorial and Broadcasting Careers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Broido, Arnold; And Others

1982-01-01

Describes the jobs of the music publisher and editor, music magazine and book editor, film music editor, and music critic. Educational requirements, job availability, and the advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed. A tear-out chart of ten music career areas, listing salaries and personal and educational qualifications, is included. (AM)

Private Industry and the Disadvantaged Worker.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shelly (E.F.) and Co., New York, NY.

Although publicized figures indicate that private industry has hired over 100,000 "hard-core" nationally, this study identified less than 10,000 persons who were receiving special training. Data on the successes, failures and problems of training programs were obtained by questionnaire from 224 companies with a total work force of over…

Instructor's Guide and Job Seekers Workbook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Job Information and Seeking Training Program, Indianapolis, IN.

This workbook is intended to teach disadvantaged, handicapped, or "hard-core" unemployed persons to find their own jobs. Although the book is designed for a self-study approach, it is important that a trainer/instructor/vocational counselor be available for assistance. The eight chapters cover (1) Employer Expectations (appearance,…

Intergenerational Care Provider. Core Course and Certificate Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Los Angeles Mission Coll., Sylmar, CA.

This document reports on the development and field testing of a curriculum for persons interested in the caregiving field. The curriculum is designed to encourage students who are economically disadvantaged, ethnic minorities, or limited English proficient to seek training that will equip them with the education, skills, and background information…

Developmental Experiences during Extracurricular Activities and Australian Adolescents' Self-Concept: Particularly Important for Youth from Disadvantaged Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blomfield, Corey J.; Barber, Bonnie L.

2011-01-01

Extracurricular activities provide adolescents with a number of positive personal and interpersonal developmental experiences. This study investigated whether developmental experiences that occurred during extracurricular activities were linked to a more positive self-concept for Australian adolescents, and whether this link was particularly…

Accounting for Socioeconomic Differences in Delaying the Transition to College

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldrick-Rab, Sara; Han, Seong Won

2011-01-01

Despite popular conceptions of the "gap year" as a time of personal enrichment, the incidence of delay between high school and college is greatest among students from socioeconomically disadvantaged families, suggesting other motivations. This article examines two explanations for socioeconomic inequalities in rates of delay: disparities in high…

Characteristics of Effective Secondary Vocational Education Programs for Special Populations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parks, Marie A.; And Others

A study examined the characteristics of effective secondary vocational education programs for a variety of special needs populations (disabled, disadvantaged, and limited English proficient individuals; single parents; and persons enrolled in programs to eliminate sex bias and sex stereotyping). The following eight states were studied: California,…

7 CFR 755.10 - Death, incompetence, or disappearance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Death, incompetence, or disappearance. 755.10 Section... GEOGRAPHICALLY DISADVANTAGED FARMERS AND RANCHERS § 755.10 Death, incompetence, or disappearance. (a) In the case of the death, incompetency, or disappearance of a person or the dissolution of an entity that is...

7 CFR 755.10 - Death, incompetence, or disappearance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Death, incompetence, or disappearance. 755.10 Section... GEOGRAPHICALLY DISADVANTAGED FARMERS AND RANCHERS § 755.10 Death, incompetence, or disappearance. (a) In the case of the death, incompetency, or disappearance of a person or the dissolution of an entity that is...

7 CFR 755.10 - Death, incompetence, or disappearance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Death, incompetence, or disappearance. 755.10 Section... GEOGRAPHICALLY DISADVANTAGED FARMERS AND RANCHERS § 755.10 Death, incompetence, or disappearance. (a) In the case of the death, incompetency, or disappearance of a person or the dissolution of an entity that is...

7 CFR 755.10 - Death, incompetence, or disappearance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Death, incompetence, or disappearance. 755.10 Section... GEOGRAPHICALLY DISADVANTAGED FARMERS AND RANCHERS § 755.10 Death, incompetence, or disappearance. (a) In the case of the death, incompetency, or disappearance of a person or the dissolution of an entity that is...

Improving High School Transition with CAT Camp

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Geltner, Jill; Law, Brian; Forehand, Amanda; Miles, Dinah Amber

2011-01-01

Transition to a new school for adolescent students can be challenging. Students who have difficulty navigating the transition to ninth grade are at an increased disadvantage academically and personally. Even students who approach the move with excitement often have unrealistic expectations of what is necessary for success. Overall, those who do…

Substance Use and Personal Adjustment among Disadvantaged Teenagers: A Six-Month Prospective Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luthar, Suniya S.; Cushing, Gretta

1997-01-01

Associations between substance abuse and emotional and behavioral adjustment were examined in a two-wave longitudinal design for 138 inner-city ninth graders. Drug use showed associations in expected directions with all indices of adjustment except for peer-related sociability. Implications for interventions are discussed. (SLD)

West Hills College Cooperative Training Network. Truck Driving Program. Dissemination Workbook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

West Hills Community Coll., Coalinga, CA.

A cooperative training network was developed by West Hills Community College (Coalinga, California) in conjunction with government agencies/private businesses to train students in truck driving skills. Emphasis was placed on training women, members of minority groups, and disadvantaged persons. During the project, an advisory council was…

38 CFR 3.1000 - Entitlement under 38 U.S.C. 5121 to benefits due and unpaid upon death of a beneficiary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... dependent will not serve to vest title in a person in a lower class or a claimant for reimbursement; neither will such failure or waiver by a person or persons in a joint class serve to increase the amount payable to another or others in the class. (Authority: 38 U.S.C. 5121(c); 5112(b)) (d) Definitions. (1...

The relationship between mother to child calories served and maternal perception of hunger.

PubMed

Stromberg, S E; Janicke, D M

2016-06-01

Research has examined self-serving portions in adults and children and has shown that larger portion size is related to more calories consumed. The present study examines factors that may influence the portion sizes a mother serves her child at a mealtime. The present observational study included a community-based sample of 29 mother-child dyads. Dyads attended a 1-h session in which they shared a meal together. A buffet of food was provided and the mother was asked to serve her child and herself. The amount of food served and consumed by the child was recorded. Main independent variables of interest included maternal body mass index (BMI), child BMI Z-score, and maternal perception of personal and child hunger. The primary dependent variable was the total calories the mother served her child. Regression models and a moderated mediation were used to examine the relation between variables. Calories served to the child was positively associated with calories consumed by the child. Maternal perception of her own hunger was related to her perception of her child's hunger. Furthermore, maternal perception of child hunger explained the relationship between maternal perception of personal hunger and total calories served to the child, although only for obese mothers. Mothers may be serving their children larger portion sizes based on their personal weight and their perception of their child's hunger. To help children obtain or maintain a healthy weight, obesity prevention and intervention programmes should help mothers serve more appropriate serving sizes to their children. © 2015 The British Dietetic Association Ltd.

Disaffected Boys and the Achievement Gap: "The Wallpaper Effect" and What Is Hidden by a Focus on School Results

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nuttall, Amanda; Doherty, Jonathan

2014-01-01

This article reports on a teacher inquiry project in a primary school that serves disadvantaged communities on the outskirts of a de-industrialised city in the north of England. Of particular concern is a small group of white British boys in receipt of free school meals, who are identified by the school as disaffected and as a consequence…

Liquid cooling of aircraft engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weidinger, Hanns

1931-01-01

This report presents a method for solving the problem of liquid cooling at high temperatures, which is an intermediate method between water and air cooling, by experiments on a test-stand and on an airplane. A utilizable cooling medium was found in ethylene glycol, which has only one disadvantage, namely, that of combustibility. The danger, however is very slight. It has one decided advantage, that it simultaneously serves as protection against freezing.

The Role of STEM High Schools in Reducing Gaps in Science and Mathematics Coursetaking: Evidence from North Carolina. Research Report. RTI Press Publication RR-0025-1603

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glennie, Elizabeth; Mason, Marcinda; Dalton, Ben

2016-01-01

Some states have created science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) schools to encourage student interest and enhance student proficiency in STEM subjects. We examined a set of STEM schools serving disadvantaged students to see whether these students were more likely to take and pass advanced science and mathematics classes than…

Serving in the Construction of the New Socialist Countryside: An Investigation of the Nine-Year Voluntary Teaching Service of Students from Shanxi Xinzhou Normal College

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Xingzhi, Shanxi Tao

2008-01-01

This article reports the achievement of a nine-year program in which students from Xinzhou Normal College participate in semester-long substitute teaching in disadvantaged schools in a poverty-stricken area of Shanxi province. The substitute teaching, which constitutes an important part of the 411 Project by Xinzhou Normal College, takes place in…

Secure Integration of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology into a Supply Chain

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-09-01

serves as the rough equivalent of a license plate on an automobile . Figure 1 (below) illustrates the typical construction of an RFID tag. An antenna...writable passive tags (RW) Reprogrammable Class 3 Semi-active tags Reprogrammable Class 4 Active tags Reprogrammable Class 5 Readers... Reprogrammable Table 1. EPC Tag Classes[3]. Table 2 summarizes the advantages, disadvantages and applications of each type of tag. Tag Type Advantages

Function in context: why American and Trinidadian young and older adults remember the personal past.

PubMed

Alea, Nicole; Bluck, Susan; Ali, Sideeka

2015-01-01

Multiple and interacting contextual (culture, life phase) and person-specific predictors (i.e., personality, tendency to think-talk about the past) of the functions of autobiographical memory were examined using the Thinking about Life Experiences Scale. American (N = 174) and Trinidadian (N = 182) young and older adults self-reported how frequently they remembered the personal past to serve self, social and directive functions, how often they thought and talked about their past overall, and completed a measure of trait personality. Independent contextual and person-specific predictors were found for using memory to serve a social-bonding function: Americans, young adults, those higher in extraversion, lower in conscientiousness and individuals who frequently think and talk about the past more often use autobiographical memory for social bonding. Across cultures, younger adults report more frequently using memory to serve all three functions, whereas Trinidadians who think more often about the past compared with those who reflect less often are more likely to use it for self and directive functions. Findings are discussed in terms of the individual's embeddedness in cultural and life phase contexts when remembering.

Building Responsive Health Systems to Help Communities Affected by Migration: An International Delphi Consensus

PubMed Central

Pottie, Kevin; Hui, Charles; Rahman, Prinon; Ingleby, David; Akl, Elie A.; Russell, Grant; Ling, Li; Wickramage, Kolitha; Mosca, Davide; Brindis, Claire D.

2017-01-01

Persons affected by migration require health systems that are responsive and adaptable to the needs of both disadvantaged migrants and non-migrant populations. The objective of this study is to support health systems for populations affected by migration. Materials and Methods: An international Delphi consensus process was used to identify policy approaches to improve health systems for populations affected by migration. Participants were leading migrant health experts from Americas, Europe, Middle East, Asia, and Australasia. We calculated average ranking scores and qualitatively analyzed open-ended questions. Results: Participants identified the following key areas as priorities for policy development: health inequities, system discrimination, migrant related health data, disadvantaged migrant sub-groups, and considerations for disadvantaged non-migrant populations. Highly ranked items to improve health systems were: Health Equity Impact Assessment, evidence based guidelines, and the International Organization for Migration annual reports. Discussion: Policy makers need tools, data and resources to address health systems challenges. Policies need to avoid preventable deaths of migrants and barriers to basic health services. PMID:28165380

Cohort profile: the resilience for eating and activity despite inequality (READI) study.

PubMed

Ball, Kylie; Cleland, Verity; Salmon, Jo; Timperio, Anna F; McNaughton, Sarah; Thornton, Lukar; Campbell, Karen; Jackson, Michelle; Baur, Louise A; Mishra, Gita; Brug, Johannes; Jeffery, Robert W; King, Abby; Kawachi, Ichiro; Crawford, David A

2013-12-01

The Resilience for Eating and Activity Despite Inequality (READI) cohort was established to address the following two key aims: to investigate the pathways (personal, social and structural) by which socio-economic disadvantage influences lifestyle choices associated with obesity risk (physical inactivity, poor dietary choices) and to explore mechanisms underlying 'resilience' to obesity risk in socio-economically disadvantaged women and children. A total of 4349 women aged 18-46 years and 685 children aged 5-12 years were recruited from 80 socio-economically disadvantaged urban and rural neighbourhoods of Victoria, Australia, and provided baseline (T1: 2007-08) measures of adiposity, physical activity, sedentary and dietary behaviours; socio-economic and demographic factors; and psychological, social and perceived environmental factors that might impact on obesity risk. Audits of the 80 neighbourhoods were undertaken at baseline to provide objective neighbourhood environmental data. Three-year follow-up data (2010-11) have recently been collected from 1912 women and 382 children. Investigators welcome enquiries regarding data access and collaboration.

The compositional and institutional sources of union dissolution for married and unmarried parents in the United States.

PubMed

Tach, Laura; Edin, Kathryn

2013-10-01

Unmarried parents have less stable unions than married parents, but there is considerable debate over the sources of this instability. Unmarried parents may be more likely than married parents to end their unions because of compositional differences, such as more disadvantaged personal and relationship characteristics, or because they lack the normative and institutional supports of marriage, thus rendering their relationships more sensitive to disadvantage. In this article, we evaluate these two sources of union instability among married, cohabiting, and dating parents following the birth of a shared child, using five waves of longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Using discrete-time event history models, we find that demographic, economic, and relationship differences explain more than two-thirds of the increased risk of dissolution for unmarried parents relative to married parents. We also find that differential responses to economic or relationship disadvantage do not explain why unmarried parents are more likely to end their unions than married parents.

Mentors' Personal Growth and Development in a College Access Mentorship Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haber-Curran, Paige; Everman, Daphne; Martinez, Melissa A.

2017-01-01

As the prevalence of mentoring programs in higher education institutions continues to grow, there remains little research on the growth and development that comes from serving as a mentor. In this phenomenological study, the researchers examined college students' personal and educational gains through serving as mentors to high school students in…

17 CFR 250.70 - Exemptions from section 17(c) of the Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... board. (e) An officer of a holding company may serve as a director of a commercial banking institution... comprised of affiliated persons of commercial banking institutions that have their principal places of... affiliated persons do not also serve as officers or employees of those local commercial banking institutions...

32 CFR 1642.4 - Ineligibility for Class 3-A.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... specifically for the purpose of evading training and service; or (2) He acquired excessive financial... dependents of persons who are serving in the Armed Forces; or (7) The hardship to the dependent is based upon... dependents of persons who are serving in the Armed Forces. (b) [Reserved] [47 FR 4658, Feb. 1, 1982, as...

32 CFR 1642.4 - Ineligibility for Class 3-A.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... specifically for the purpose of evading training and service; or (2) He acquired excessive financial... dependents of persons who are serving in the Armed Forces; or (7) The hardship to the dependent is based upon... dependents of persons who are serving in the Armed Forces. (b) [Reserved] [47 FR 4658, Feb. 1, 1982, as...

32 CFR 1642.4 - Ineligibility for Class 3-A.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... specifically for the purpose of evading training and service; or (2) He acquired excessive financial... dependents of persons who are serving in the Armed Forces; or (7) The hardship to the dependent is based upon... dependents of persons who are serving in the Armed Forces. (b) [Reserved] [47 FR 4658, Feb. 1, 1982, as...

32 CFR 1642.4 - Ineligibility for Class 3-A.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... specifically for the purpose of evading training and service; or (2) He acquired excessive financial... dependents of persons who are serving in the Armed Forces; or (7) The hardship to the dependent is based upon... dependents of persons who are serving in the Armed Forces. (b) [Reserved] [47 FR 4658, Feb. 1, 1982, as...

32 CFR 1642.4 - Ineligibility for Class 3-A.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... specifically for the purpose of evading training and service; or (2) He acquired excessive financial... dependents of persons who are serving in the Armed Forces; or (7) The hardship to the dependent is based upon... dependents of persons who are serving in the Armed Forces. (b) [Reserved] [47 FR 4658, Feb. 1, 1982, as...

40 CFR 142.33 - Public hearing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... recommendations which shall be sent to the State and public water system and shall be made available to the public... or by other appropriate communications media covering the area served by such public water system. (b... public water system, persons served by the system, and other interested persons on: (1) The ways in which...

How Economic Disadvantage Affects the Availability and Nature of Mentoring Relationships During the Transition to Adulthood.

PubMed

Raposa, Elizabeth B; Erickson, Lance D; Hagler, Matthew; Rhodes, Jean E

2018-03-01

Supportive nonparental adults, particularly nonfamilial adults, provide critical support during the transition to adulthood, opening doors to educational and career paths. This study examined whether economic disadvantage shapes access to these relationships. Results showed that low-income adolescents had reduced access to naturally occurring mentors, and the relationships they did form tended to be close bonds with family and friends, rather than nonfamilial adults. Their mentors were more likely to focus on practical support, and less likely to serve as role models or provide career advice. These effects of socioeconomic status on natural mentoring relationships remained evident, even when accounting for youth race/ethnicity. Findings suggest that networks of support differ depending on a youth's socioeconomic context in ways that could perpetuate social and economic inequalities. © Society for Community Research and Action 2018.

Counting the cost of social disadvantage in primary care: retrospective analysis of patient data.

PubMed

Worrall, A; Rea, J N; Ben-Shlomo, Y

1997-01-04

To cost the relation between socioeconomic status and various measures of primary care workload and assess the adequacy of current "deprivation" payments in relation to actual costings for patients living in qualifying areas. Retrospective data on primary care were collected over a 4.5 year period from both computerised and manually filed records. Standardised data on socioeconomic status were obtained by postal questionnaire. Inner city group practice with a socioeconomically diverse population. 382 male and female subjects of all ages, with a total of 1296 person years of observation. Primary care costs resulting from consultations with a general practitioner or a practice nurse and both new and repeat prescriptions. Morbidity, workload, and costs of drug treatment increased with decreasing socioeconomic status. The difference in cost for patients in social classes IV and V combined compared with those in I and II combined was about 150 Pounds per person year at risk (47 Pounds for workload and 103 Pounds for drugs). Deprivation payments met only half the extra workload cost for patients from qualifying wards. The greater workload caused by social disadvantage has been previously underestimated by simple consultation rates. The absolute difference in costs for socially disadvantaged patients increase as more detailed measures of workload and drug treatment are included. Current deprivation payments only partially offset the increased expenditure on workload. This shortfall will have to be addressed to attract general practitioners to, or retain them in, deprived areas.

Medical School Outcomes, Primary Care Specialty Choice, and Practice in Medically Underserved Areas by Physician Alumni of MEDPREP, a Postbaccalaureate Premedical Program for Underrepresented and Disadvantaged Students.

PubMed

Metz, Anneke M

2017-01-01

Minorities continue to be underrepresented as physicians in medicine, and the United States currently has a number of medically underserved communities. MEDPREP, a postbaccalaureate medical school preparatory program for socioeconomically disadvantaged or underrepresented in medicine students, has a stated mission to increase the numbers of physicians from minority or disadvantaged backgrounds and physicians working with underserved populations. This study aims to determine how MEDPREP enhances U.S. physician diversity and practice within underserved communities. MEDPREP recruits disadvantaged and underrepresented in medicine students to complete a 2-year academic enhancement program that includes science coursework, standardized test preparation, study/time management training, and emphasis on professional development. Five hundred twenty-five disadvantaged or underrepresented students over 15 years completed MEDPREP and were tracked through entry into medical practice. MEDPREP accepts up to 36 students per year, with two thirds coming from the Midwest region and another 20% from nearby states in the South. Students complete science, test preparation, academic enhancement, and professionalism coursework taught predominantly by MEDPREP faculty on the Southern Illinois University Carbondale campus. Students apply broadly to medical schools in the region and nation but are also offered direct entry into our School of Medicine upon meeting articulation program requirements. Seventy-nine percent of students completing MEDPREP became practicing physicians. Fifty-eight percent attended public medical schools, and 62% attended medical schools in the Midwest. Fifty-three percent of program alumni chose primary care specialties compared to 34% of U.S. physicians, and MEDPREP alumni were 2.7 times more likely to work in medically underserved areas than physicians nationally. MEDPREP increases the number of disadvantaged and underrepresented students entering and graduating from medical school, choosing primary care specialties, and working in medically underserved areas. MEDPREP may therefore serve as a model for increasing physician diversity and addressing the needs of medically underserved communities.

Neighborhood Disadvantage and Life-Space Mobility Are Associated with Incident Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

PubMed

Lo, Alexander X; Rundle, Andrew G; Buys, David; Kennedy, Richard E; Sawyer, Patricia; Allman, Richard M; Brown, Cynthia J

2016-11-01

To determine the relationship between neighborhood-level socioeconomic characteristics, life-space mobility, and incident falls in community-dwelling older adults. Prospective, observational cohort study with a baseline in-home assessment and 6-month telephone follow-up. Central Alabama. Community-dwelling adults aged 65 and older recruited from a random sample of Medicare beneficiaries (N = 1,000). Neighborhood disadvantage was measured using a composite index derived from baseline neighborhood-level residential census tract socioeconomic variables. Data on individual-level socioeconomic characteristics, clinical variables, and life-space collected at baseline were included as covariates in a multivariate model using generalized estimating equations to assess the association with incident falls in the 6 months after baseline. Of the 940 participants who completed baseline and follow-up assessments, 126 (13%) reported one or more new falls in the 6 months after baseline. There was an independent nonlinear association between neighborhood disadvantage (according to increasing quartiles of disadvantage) and incident falls after adjusting for confounders: The lowest quartile served as reference; 2nd quartile odds ratio (OR) = 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2-4.6; 3rd quartile OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.0-3.7; 4th quartile OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.7-6.0. Each 10-point decrement in life-space (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.0-1.3) was associated with a higher risk of falls. Greater neighborhood disadvantage was associated with greater risk of falls. Life-space also contributes separately to fall risk. Community-dwelling older adults in disadvantaged neighborhoods, particularly those with limited mobility, may benefit from a more-rigorous assessment of their fall risk by healthcare providers. Neighborhood level socioeconomic characteristics should also be an important consideration when identifying vulnerable populations that may benefit the most from fall prevention programs. © 2016, Copyright the Authors Journal compilation © 2016, The American Geriatrics Society.

Accuracy of Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Varies by Neighborhood Socioeconomic Position: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

PubMed

Dalton, Jarrod E; Perzynski, Adam T; Zidar, David A; Rothberg, Michael B; Coulton, Claudia J; Milinovich, Alex T; Einstadter, Douglas; Karichu, James K; Dawson, Neal V

2017-10-03

Inequality in health outcomes in relation to Americans' socioeconomic position is rising. First, to evaluate the spatial relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and major atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)-related events; second, to evaluate the relative extent to which neighborhood disadvantage and physiologic risk account for neighborhood-level variation in ASCVD event rates. Observational cohort analysis of geocoded longitudinal electronic health records. A single academic health center and surrounding neighborhoods in northeastern Ohio. 109 793 patients from the Cleveland Clinic Health System (CCHS) who had an outpatient lipid panel drawn between 2007 and 2010. The date of the first qualifying lipid panel served as the study baseline. Time from baseline to the first occurrence of a major ASCVD event (myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death) within 5 years, modeled as a function of a locally derived neighborhood disadvantage index (NDI) and the predicted 5-year ASCVD event rate from the Pooled Cohort Equations Risk Model (PCERM) of the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association. Outcome data were censored if no CCHS encounters occurred for 2 consecutive years or when state death data were no longer available (that is, from 2014 onward). The PCERM systematically underpredicted ASCVD event risk among patients from disadvantaged communities. Model discrimination was poorer among these patients (concordance index [C], 0.70 [95% CI, 0.67 to 0.74]) than those from the most affluent communities (C, 0.80 [CI, 0.78 to 0.81]). The NDI alone accounted for 32.0% of census tract-level variation in ASCVD event rates, compared with 10.0% accounted for by the PCERM. Patients from affluent communities were overrepresented. Outcomes of patients who received treatment for cardiovascular disease at Cleveland Clinic were assumed to be independent of whether the patients came from a disadvantaged or an affluent neighborhood. Neighborhood disadvantage may be a powerful regulator of ASCVD event risk. In addition to supplemental risk models and clinical screening criteria, population-based solutions are needed to ameliorate the deleterious effects of neighborhood disadvantage on health outcomes. The Clinical and Translational Science Collaborative of Cleveland and National Institutes of Health.

Serving Bowl Selection Biases the Amount of Food Served

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

van Kleef, Ellen; Shimizu, Mitsuru; Wansink, Brian

2012-01-01

Objective: To determine how common serving bowls containing food for multiple persons influence serving behavior and consumption and whether they do so independently of satiation and food evaluation. Methods: In this between-subjects experiment, 68 participants were randomly assigned to either a group serving pasta from a large-sized bowl (6.9-L…

Stuck in the catch 22: attitudes towards smoking cessation among populations vulnerable to social disadvantage.

PubMed

Pateman, Kelsey; Ford, Pauline; Fizgerald, Lisa; Mutch, Allyson; Yuke, Kym; Bonevski, Billie; Gartner, Coral

2016-06-01

To explore how smoking and smoking cessation is perceived within the context of disadvantage, across a broad cross-section of defined populations vulnerable to social disadvantage. Qualitative focus groups with participants recruited through community service organizations (CSO). Metropolitan and regional settings in Queensland, Australia. Focus groups were held at the respective CSO facilities. Fifty-six participants across nine focus groups, including people living with mental illness, people experiencing or at risk of homelessness (adult and youth populations), people living with HIV, people living in a low-income area and Indigenous Australians. Thematic, in-depth analysis of focus group discussions. Participant demographic information and smoking history was recorded. Smoking behaviour, smoking identity and feelings about smoking were reflective of individual circumstances and social and environmental context. Participants felt 'trapped' in smoking because they felt unable to control the stressful life circumstances that triggered and sustained their smoking. Smoking cessation was viewed as an individual's responsibility, which was at odds with participants' statements about the broader factors outside of their own control that were responsible for their smoking. Highly disadvantaged smokers' views on smoking involve contradictions between feeling that smoking cessation involves personal responsibility, while at the same time feeling trapped by stressful life circumstances. Tobacco control programmes aiming to reduce smoking among disadvantaged groups are unlikely to be successful unless the complex interplay of social factors is carefully considered. © 2015 Society for the Study of Addiction.

The lifelong socioeconomic disadvantage of single-mother background - the Helsinki Birth Cohort study 1934-1944.

PubMed

Mikkonen, H Maiju; Salonen, Minna K; Häkkinen, Antti; Olkkola, Maarit; Pesonen, Anu-Katriina; Räikkönen, Katri; Osmond, Clive; Eriksson, Johan G; Kajantie, Eero

2016-08-18

Growing up with one parent is associated with economic hardship and health disadvantages, but there is limited evidence of its lifetime consequences. We examined whether being born to an unmarried mother is associated with socioeconomic position and marital history over the lifespan. We analysed data from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study including birth, child welfare clinic and school healthcare records from people born in Helsinki, Finland, between 1934 and 1944. Using a unique personal identification number, we linked these data to information on adult socioeconomic position from census data at 5-year intervals between 1970 and 2000, obtained from Statistics Finland. Compared to children of married mothers, children of unmarried mothers were more likely to have lower educational attainment and occupational status (odds ratio for basic vs. tertiary education 3.40; 95 % confidence interval 2.17 to 5.20; for lowest vs. highest occupational category 2.75; 1.92 to 3.95). They were also less likely to reach the highest income third in adulthood and more likely to stay unmarried themselves. The associations were also present when adjusted for childhood socioeconomic position. Being born to an unmarried mother, in a society where marriage is the norm, is associated with socioeconomic disadvantage throughout life, over and above the disadvantage associated with childhood family occupational status. This disadvantage may in part mediate the association between low childhood socioeconomic position and health in later life.

Physical Impairment Is Associated With Nursing Home Admission for Older Adults in Disadvantaged But Not Other Neighborhoods: Results From the UAB Study of Aging

PubMed Central

Buys, David R.

2013-01-01

Objectives: Aging adults face an increased risk of adverse health events as well as risk for a decrease in personal competencies across multiple domains. These factors may inhibit the ability of an older adult to age in place and may result in a nursing home admission (NHA). This study combines insights from Lawton’s environmental press theory with the neighborhood disadvantage (ND) literature to examine the interaction of the neighborhood environment and individual characteristics on NHA. Methods: Characteristics associated with the likelihood of NHA for community-dwelling older adults were examined using data collected for 8.5 years from the UAB Study of Aging. Logistic regression models were used to test direct effects of ND on NHA for all participants. The sample was then stratified into 3 tiers of ND to examine differences in individual-level factors by level of ND. Results: There was no direct link between living in a disadvantaged neighborhood environment and likelihood of NHA, but physical impairment was associated with NHA for older adults living highly disadvantaged neighborhood environments in contrast to older adults living in less disadvantaged neighborhood environments, where no association was observed. Discussion: These outcomes highlight (a) the usefulness of linking Lawton’s theories of the environment with the ND literature to assess health-related outcomes and (b) the importance of neighborhood environment for older adults’ ability to age in place. PMID:23034471

Observing principles of medical ethics during family planning services at Tehran urban healthcare centers in 2007.

PubMed

Motevallizadeh, Saeed; Malek Afzali, Hossein; Larijani, Bagher

2011-01-01

Family planning has been defined in the framework of mothers and children plan as one of Primary Healthcare (PHC) details. Besides quantity, the quality of services, particularly in terms of ethics, such as observing individuals' privacy, is of great importance in offering family planning services. A preliminary study to gather information about the degree of medical ethics offered during family planning services at Tehran urban healthcare centers. A questionnaire was designed for study. In the first question regarding informed consent, 47 clients who were advised about various contraception methods were asked whether advantages and disadvantages of the contraceptive methods have been discussed by the service provider. Then a certain rank was measured for either client or method in 2007. Finally, average value of advantage and disadvantage for each method was measured. In questions about autonomy, justice and beneficence, yes/no answers have been expected and measured accordingly. Health care providers have stressed more on the advantages of pills and disadvantages of tubectomy and have paid less attention to advantages of injection ampoules and disadvantages of pills in first time clients. While they have stressed more on the advantages and disadvantages of tubectomy and less attention to advantages of condom and disadvantages of vasectomy in second time clients. Clients divulged their 100% satisfaction in terms of observing turns and free charges services. Observance degree of autonomy was 64.7% and 77.3% for first time and second- time clients respectively. Applying the consultant's personal viewpoint for selecting a method will breach an informed consent for first and second time clients. System has good consideration to justice and no malfeasance.

School-Based Health Education Provision for Young People in Northern Ireland

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McAleavy, Gerry; McCrystal, Patrick

2007-01-01

In Northern Ireland, young people exist in a health environment where the experience of social disadvantage is translated into serious risks to health and personal development. The years of political conflict have tended to obscure these health problems, and it is important that the difficulties faced by young people are examined and…

Occupational Safety: Orientation to the World of Work.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Evans, Clarence; Wills, Richard

The guide is one of a series of 10 units composing an orientation to the world of work course designed especially for disadvantaged and handicapped students in the ninth and tenth grades. It is designed to provide basic and remedial instruction in personal development, math, and language skills while providing information and skills basic or…

Pupil Clustering in English Secondary Schools: One Pattern or Several?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gorard, Stephen; Cheng, Shou Chen

2011-01-01

Previous international work has shown that clustering pupils with similar characteristics in particular schools yields no clear academic benefit, and can be disadvantageous both socially and personally. Understanding how and why this clustering happens, and how it may be reduced, is therefore important for policy. Yet previous work has tended to…

Area Consortium on Training. "Training for Technology" Project, 1982-1983. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moock, Lynn D.

The Area Consortium on Training initiated the Training for Technology Project to fill industry needs for skilled personnel and job needs for economically disadvantaged persons. Major accomplishments included establishment of a training team for economic development and for development of training programs; contacting of more than 100 employers;…

Does Ethnicity Matter? The Impact of Stereotypical Expectations on In-Service Teachers' Judgments of Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glock, Sabine

2016-01-01

Ethnic minority students face many disadvantages in school, which might be due in part to teachers' stereotypical expectations and attitudes. Dual process theories of impression and judgment formation specify person information that confirms or disconfirms stereotypical expectations as determinants of how judgments are formed. While…

Their Personal Side of Street-Level Bureaucracy: Discrimination or Neutral Competence?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomas, John Clayton

1986-01-01

Analysis of data on citizen contacts with the Cincinnati municipal bureaucracy reveals some possible racial and social discrimination in treatment of citizens, but no discrimination by income. However, municipal administrators appear mostly to be exercising neutral competence in their dealings with citizens, and not always to the disadvantage of…

13 CFR 124.1004 - What is a misrepresentation of SDB status?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false What is a misrepresentation of SDB... of SDB status? (a) Any person or entity that misrepresents a firm's status as a “small business concern owned and controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals” (“SDB status”) in...

13 CFR 124.1004 - What is a misrepresentation of SDB status?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false What is a misrepresentation of SDB... of SDB status? (a) Any person or entity that misrepresents a firm's status as a “small business concern owned and controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals” (“SDB status”) in...

13 CFR 124.1004 - What is a misrepresentation of SDB status?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false What is a misrepresentation of SDB... of SDB status? (a) Any person or entity that misrepresents a firm's status as a “small business concern owned and controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals” (“SDB status”) in...

13 CFR 124.1004 - What is a misrepresentation of SDB status?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false What is a misrepresentation of SDB... of SDB status? (a) Any person or entity that misrepresents a firm's status as a “small business concern owned and controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals” (“SDB status”) in...

13 CFR 124.1004 - What is a misrepresentation of SDB status?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false What is a misrepresentation of SDB... of SDB status? (a) Any person or entity that misrepresents a firm's status as a “small business concern owned and controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals” (“SDB status”) in...

From Special Schools to Inclusive Education: The Way forward for Developing Countries South of the Sahara

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Charema, John

2007-01-01

Persons with disabilities, especially children and the young continue to be the most disadvantaged groups in all societies (Hegarty & Alur, 2002). They manifest a number of limitations and are subjected to social discrimination, impoverished educational experiences and above all, very limited work opportunities. In developing countries, where…

Evaluating the Buy or Rent Housing Decision.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis, Joseph M.

This booklet offers guidelines by which a person can make an informed decision about whether buying or renting a house is the best individual alternative. Advantages and disadvantages of both buying and renting are listed. Cost considerations are discussed and compared along with such considerations as selection of the time to buy and estimation…

Determinants of Drinking Trajectories among Minority Youth and Young Adults: The Interaction of Risk and Resilience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bernstein, Judith; Graczyk, Amy; Lawrence, Danielle; Bernstein, Edward; Strunin, Lee

2011-01-01

Adolescent drinking research has focused heavily on risks for alcohol-related consequences and on personality traits associated with adverse alcohol-related outcomes. A risk-based paradigm may inadvertently overemphasize risk when measures are applied to communities that experience discrimination and socioeconomic disadvantage. In this study we…

How Do Disadvantaged Parents View Tensions in Their Relationships? Insights for Relationship Longevity among At-Risk Couples

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waller, Maureen R.

2008-01-01

Drawing on longitudinal, qualitative interviews with parents in the Fragile Families Study, this paper examines the narrative frames through which partners in stable and unstable unions viewed tensions over economic issues, domestic responsibilities, personal problems, communication, trust, and their family and social networks. These interviews…

Gender, Work-Family Linkages, and Economic Success among Small Business Owners.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Loscocco, Karyn A.; Leicht, Kevin T.

1993-01-01

Investigated work-family connections and economic success among women and men small business owners. Analyses of data from 3-year panel survey of 99 women and 312 men showed considerable gender similarity in processes through which business and individual characteristics affect personal earnings, although women were disadvantaged in some…

"It's Good to Have Wheels!" Perceptions of Cycling among Homeless Young People in Sydney, Australia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crawford, Belinda; Rissel, Chris; Yamazaki, Rowena; Franke, Elise; Amanatidis, Sue; Ravulo, Jioji; Bindon, Jenni; Torvaldsen, Siranda

2012-01-01

Participation in sporting or recreational programs can be unattainable for many disadvantaged young people. Encouraging regular cycling is an important public health strategy to increase participation in physical activity and expand personal transport options for marginalised youth. Perceptions and attitudes toward cycling were explored in eight…

Preschool Teachers' Perception and Use of Hearing Assistive Technology in Educational Settings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelson, Lauri H.; Poole, Bridget; Munoz, Karen

2013-01-01

Purpose: This study explored how often sound-field amplification and personal frequency-modulated (FM) systems are used in preschool classrooms, teacher perceptions of advantages and disadvantages of using hearing assistive technology, and teacher recommendations for hearing assistive technology use. Method: The study used a cross-sectional survey…

The Department of Defense Program Solicitation 96.1. FY 1996 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program.

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-01-05

hereafter referred to as DoD Components, invite small business firms to submit proposals under this program solicitation entitled Small Business Innovation...role of small business in meeting DoD research and development needs, fostering and encouraging participation by minority and disadvantaged persons in

Evaluation of the I Have a Dream Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strusinski, Marianne

"I Have a Dream" (IHAD) is a program designed to enhance the educational opportunities of disadvantaged youth by providing them with sustained care, personal support, and guidance to ensure that they graduate and have the opportunity to pursue postsecondary education. The IHAD project in Dade County (Florida) is based in an elementary…

Unseen WEIRD Assumptions: The So-Called Language Gap Discourse and Ideologies of Language, Childhood, and Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blum, Susan D.

2017-01-01

Claiming to rely on "science," many well-intentioned "experts" offer advice on how to "close the gap"--word gap, language gap, achievement gap--between disadvantaged and advantaged children. Based on both research and personal experience, this advice promises magic solutions to apparently complex and intractable…

A Statistical Interaction Model for Examining Compensatory Effects on Academic Performance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ritchey, Ferris J.; Lewis, Barbara Lawhon

A 2-year study of 206 college students at an urban research university in a southern state examined personal, environmental, academic, and non-academic predictors of: (1) course grade performance; and (2) academic retention. Of particular interest were "high-risk" or "disadvantaged" students and how they compensated for their…

Applying the Theory of Work Adjustment to Latino Immigrant Workers: An Exploratory Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eggerth, Donald E.; Flynn, Michael A.

2012-01-01

Blustein mapped career decision making onto Maslow's model of motivation and personality and concluded that most models of career development assume opportunities and decision-making latitude that do not exist for many individuals from low income or otherwise disadvantaged backgrounds. Consequently, Blustein argued that these models may be of…

Exploring Names and Identity through Multicultural Literature in K-8 Classrooms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peterson, Barbara; Gunn, AnnMarie; Brice, Alejandro; Alley, Kathleen

2015-01-01

Children's names reflect their gender, culture, religion, language, and family history. Use of students' personal names has the power to positively affirm identity and signal belonging within the classroom and school community. However, naming practices also have the power to exclude, stereotype, or disadvantage students. For many students from…

The Subjective Wellbeing of Indigenous Australian Adolescents: Validating the Personal Wellbeing Index-School Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tomyn, Adrian J.; Norrish, Jacolyn M.; Cummins, Robert A.

2013-01-01

By almost all measures of objective life quality, Indigenous Australians are disadvantaged relative to the general population. However, no measures of their Subjective Wellbeing (SWB) have been published. This paper presents the first such data, norm-referenced to the general Australian population. A total of 519 Indigenous adolescents, aged…

Collective Threat, Trust, and the Sense of Personal Control

PubMed Central

Ross, Catherine E.

2013-01-01

A threatening and dangerous neighborhood may produce distressing emotions of anxiety, anger, and depression among the individuals who live there because residents find these neighborhoods subjectively alienating. The author introduces the idea that neighborhood disorder indicates collective threat, which is alienating—shaping perceptions of powerlessness and mistrust. The author presents a theory of trust that posits that mistrust develops in places where resources are scarce and threat is common and among individuals with few resources and who feel powerless to avoid or manage the threat. Perceived powerlessness develops with exposure to uncontrollable, negative conditions such as crime, danger, and threat in one's neighborhood. Thus, neighborhood disorder, common in disadvantaged neighborhoods, influences mistrust directly and indirectly by increasing perceptions of powerlessness among residents, which amplify disorder's effect on mistrust. The very thing needed to protect disadvantaged residents from the negative effects of their environment—a sense of personal control—is eroded by that environment in a process that the author calls structural amplification. Powerlessness and mistrust in turn are distressing, increasing levels of anxiety, anger, and depression. PMID:21799185

Disadvantaged persons' participation in health promotion projects: some structural dimensions.

PubMed

Boyce, W F

2001-05-01

A structural perspective was used in studying community participation of disadvantaged groups (poor women, street youth, and disabled persons) in health promotion projects. Five community projects in the Canadian Health Promotion Contribution Program were examined in a comparative case study utilizing in-depth interviews, documents, and secondary sources. Analysis revealed relatively low numbers and restricted range of participants, difficulties in recruiting and maintaining participants, declining rates of active participation over time, and limited target group influence and power. This paper reports on the relationship between various dimensions of structure (social-cultural, organizational, political-legal-economic) and the community participation process. Participation was influenced by structural factors such as bureaucratic rules and regulators, perceived minority group rights and relations, agency reputations and responsibilities, available resources, and organizational roles. Control of projects by target group members, rather than by service agencies, was an important overall organizational structural factor which allowed community members to achieve influence in projects. The study concludes that a conceptual model based on structural factors is useful in explaining how key factors from federal and local levels can restrict or facilitate the community participation process.

Nontraditional graduate training for administrators of neighborhood health centers.

PubMed Central

Shepperd, J D

1976-01-01

Because of the shortage of qualified health care administrators who are members of minority groups, many neighborhood health centers, organized as a result of the Great Society legislation of the 1960's, suffered from their staffs' lack of administrative skills and from rapid turnover as staff members gained experience and moved upward to other jobs. To rectify this shortage, the National Association of Neighborhood Health Centers was funded to offer master's degree programs at the University of Michigan and the University of Southern California. These on job/on campus programs, which began in 1972, allowed participants to work and study concurrently. At Michigan, students attended class 8 hours a day, 4 days a month, for 2 years. At U.S.C., they attended classes for 14 consecutive days 3 times a year for 2 years. Since the usual admission requirements of established graduate programs limit access of minority students, who frequently lack adequate educational backgrounds, admission criteria were modified for the 56 persons enrolled in the program. For example, the Graduate Record Examination scores were not considered in the program at Michgan. Findings in an independent evaluation conducted in 1974 indicated that the programs at both universities were successful in providing graduate education relevant to the special needs of the staffs of neighborhood health centers. Only four students were dropped for academic reasons. More special programs in health administration are needed in both graduate and undergraduate schools to train people in the effective administration of health care centers, particularly those serving communities of disadvantaged persons. PMID:824670

A healthy mistrust: how worldview relates to attitudes about breast cancer screening in a cross-sectional survey of low-income women.

PubMed

Klassen, Ann Carroll; Smith, Katherine C; Shariff-Marco, Salma; Juon, Hee-Soon

2008-01-31

Perceived racial discrimination is one factor which may discourage ethnic minorities from using healthcare. However, existing research only partially explains why some persons do accept health promotion messages and use preventive care, while others do not. This analysis explores 1) the psychosocial characteristics of those, within disadvantaged groups, who identify their previous experiences as racially discriminatory, 2) the extent to which perceived racism is associated with broader perspectives on societal racism and powerlessness, and 3) how these views relate to disadvantaged groups' expectation of mistreatment in healthcare, feelings of mistrust, and motivation to use care. Using survey data from 576 African-American women, we explored the prevalence and predictors of beliefs and experiences related to social disengagement, racial discrimination, desired and actual racial concordance with medical providers, and fear of medical research. We then used both sociodemographic characteristics, and experiences and attitudes about disadvantage, to model respondents' scores on an index of personal motivation to receive breast cancer screening, measuring screening knowledge, rejection of fatalistic explanatory models of cancer, and belief in early detection, and in collaborative models of patient-provider responsibility. Age was associated with lower motivation to screen, as were depressive symptoms, anomie, and fear of medical research. Motivation was low among those more comfortable with African-American providers, regardless of current provider race. However, greater awareness of societal racism positively predicted motivation, as did talking to others when experiencing discrimination. Talking was most useful for women with depressive symptoms. Supporting the Durkheimian concepts of both anomic and altruistic suicide, both disengagement (depression, anomie, vulnerability to victimization, and discomfort with non-Black physicians) as well as over-acceptance (low awareness of discrimination in society) predict poor health maintenance attitudes in disadvantaged women. Women who recognize their connection to other African-American women, and who talk about negative experiences, appear most motivated to protect their health.

A healthy mistrust: how worldview relates to attitudes about breast cancer screening in a cross-sectional survey of low-income women

PubMed Central

Klassen, Ann Carroll; Smith, Katherine C; Shariff-Marco, Salma; Juon, Hee-Soon

2008-01-01

Background Perceived racial discrimination is one factor which may discourage ethnic minorities from using healthcare. However, existing research only partially explains why some persons do accept health promotion messages and use preventive care, while others do not. This analysis explores 1) the psychosocial characteristics of those, within disadvantaged groups, who identify their previous experiences as racially discriminatory, 2) the extent to which perceived racism is associated with broader perspectives on societal racism and powerlessness, and 3) how these views relate to disadvantaged groups' expectation of mistreatment in healthcare, feelings of mistrust, and motivation to use care. Methods Using survey data from 576 African-American women, we explored the prevalence and predictors of beliefs and experiences related to social disengagement, racial discrimination, desired and actual racial concordance with medical providers, and fear of medical research. We then used both sociodemographic characteristics, and experiences and attitudes about disadvantage, to model respondents' scores on an index of personal motivation to receive breast cancer screening, measuring screening knowledge, rejection of fatalistic explanatory models of cancer, and belief in early detection, and in collaborative models of patient-provider responsibility. Results Age was associated with lower motivation to screen, as were depressive symptoms, anomie, and fear of medical research. Motivation was low among those more comfortable with African-American providers, regardless of current provider race. However, greater awareness of societal racism positively predicted motivation, as did talking to others when experiencing discrimination. Talking was most useful for women with depressive symptoms. Conclusion Supporting the Durkheimian concepts of both anomic and altruistic suicide, both disengagement (depression, anomie, vulnerability to victimization, and discomfort with non-Black physicians) as well as over-acceptance (low awareness of discrimination in society) predict poor health maintenance attitudes in disadvantaged women. Women who recognize their connection to other African-American women, and who talk about negative experiences, appear most motivated to protect their health. PMID:18237395

Awareness Workshop Resource Packet. Serving Persons With Disabilities Through Camping. Camp Administration Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stein, Cindy, Ed.

The resource packet is an aid for coordinators organizing an awareness workshop on camping for the disabled or for camp directors in orienting staff to camping for persons with physical or mental handicaps. Section I covers the status of camping for the disabled, different types of disabilities, serving campers with certain handicapping…

49 CFR 1548.7 - Approval, amendment, annual renewal, and withdrawal of approval of the security program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... behalf of it and other indirect air carriers that co-sign the proposal. (1) Within 30 calendar days after... accomplished by personal delivery, certified mail, or express courier. Documents served on an indirect air... personal delivery; (ii) If served by certified mail, the mailing date shown on the certificate of service...

Let Us Serve Them All Their Days: Younger Volunteers Serving Homebound Elderly Persons.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Couch, Larry

This book is offered as a guide for persons interested in beginning a project where young people volunteer to work with the frail, homebound elderly. The guide presents examples of successful intergenerational projects, the lessons learned from those projects, the elements needed for a successful project, and a step-by-step approach for initiating…

Australian population trends and disparities in cholinesterase inhibitor use, 2003 to 2010.

PubMed

Zilkens, Renate R; Duke, Janine; Horner, Barbara; Semmens, James B; Bruce, David G

2014-05-01

The Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) first subsidized cholinesterase inhibitors (CEIs) for Alzheimer's disease in 2001, introducing a novel therapy for a previously untreatable common condition. This study aims to determine Australian rates of CEI use and to assess equality of access to treatment based on socioeconomic status and geographic remoteness. Pharmaceutical claims records were used to identify all Australians prescribed CEIs between January 2003 and December 2010. Age-standardized and sex-adjusted index prescription rates were derived using the total Australian population as the denominator to examine temporal trends and the impacts of socioeconomic and geographic disadvantage on CEI index prescription rates. Index prescription rates peaked in 2004 at 92.5 per 100,000 person-years, declining to between 70.2 and 73.5 for years 2006 to 2010. Rates were highest in the 85- to 89-year age group and 2.6-fold higher in the least socioeconomic disadvantaged population when compared with the most disadvantaged population. In major cities in Australia, index prescription rates were 1.4 to 1.7 times greater compared with remote areas. Increasing geographic remoteness and socioeconomic disadvantage are associated with lower CEI index prescription rates, indicating inequities in the management of Alzheimer's disease in Australia. Copyright © 2014 The Alzheimer's Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

5 CFR 1203.14 - Serving documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Serving documents. 1203.14 Section 1203... REVIEW OF RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT Procedures for Review § 1203.14 Serving documents. (a) Parties. In every case, the person requesting regulation review must serve a copy...

5 CFR 1203.14 - Serving documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Serving documents. 1203.14 Section 1203... REVIEW OF RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT Procedures for Review § 1203.14 Serving documents. (a) Parties. In every case, the person requesting regulation review must serve a copy...

5 CFR 1203.14 - Serving documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Serving documents. 1203.14 Section 1203... REVIEW OF RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT Procedures for Review § 1203.14 Serving documents. (a) Parties. In every case, the person requesting regulation review must serve a copy...

5 CFR 1203.14 - Serving documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Serving documents. 1203.14 Section 1203... REVIEW OF RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT Procedures for Review § 1203.14 Serving documents. (a) Parties. In every case, the person requesting regulation review must serve a copy...

5 CFR 1203.14 - Serving documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Serving documents. 1203.14 Section 1203... REVIEW OF RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT Procedures for Review § 1203.14 Serving documents. (a) Parties. In every case, the person requesting regulation review must serve a copy...

Designing (artificial) people to serve - the other side of the coin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Musiał, Maciej

2017-09-01

This paper addresses the issue of the ethical obligations of human beings towards the robots that will achieve the status of persons. In particular the text investigates the ethical status of designing such robot-persons as servants. The author disagrees with Steve Petersen - who claims that we can design robot-persons as servants without wronging them by implementing the desire to serve into them. Following Jürgen Habermas critique of positive liberal eugenics, the author argues that any kind of intentional designing inevitably wrongs the designed beings regarding their freedom, autonomy, equality and identity. Moreover, some unintended consequences of developing robot-person servants are discussed.

Function in context: Why American and Trinidadian young and older adults remember the personal past

PubMed Central

Bluck, Susan; Ali, Sideeka

2014-01-01

Multiple and interacting contextual (culture, life phase) and person-specific predictors (i.e., personality, tendency to think-talk about the past) of the functions of autobiographical memory were examined using the Thinking about Life Experiences scale. American (N = 174) and Trinidadian (N = 182) young and older adults self-reported how frequently they remembered the personal past to serve self, social, and directive functions, how often they thought and talked about their past overall, and completed a measure of trait personality. Independent contextual and person-specific predictors were found for using memory to serve a social-bonding function: Americans, young adults, those higher in extraversion, lower in conscientiousness, and individuals who frequently think and talk about the past more often use autobiographical memory for social-bonding. Across cultures, younger adults report more frequently using memory to serve all three functions, whereas Trinidadians who think more often about the past compared with those who reflect less often, are more likely to use it for self and directive functions. Findings are discussed in terms of the individual’s embeddedness in cultural and life phase contexts when remembering. PMID:24992649

[Advantages and disadvantages of femtosecond laser assisted LASIK and SMILE].

PubMed

Zhang, F J; Sun, M S

2018-01-11

With the development of excimer laser and femtosecond laser equipment, application of diversified and customized surgical decision in modern corneal refractive surgery has been an inevitable trend. However, how to make a personalized decision with an accurate surgical design to achieve better visual quality becomes the main focus in clinical applications. Small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) have been commonly acknowledged as the mainstream of corneal refractive surgery for ametropia correction nowadays. Both methods have been verified by clinical practice for many years. This article compares and elaborates the different characteristics with advantages and disadvantages of the two methods so as to provide some reasonable treatment options for refractive surgery. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2018, 54: 7-10) .

Expanding Medicaid managed care: the right choice for Texas?

PubMed

Reddy, Swapna; Finley, Marisa; Posey, Dan; Rohack, James J

2012-10-01

We set out to determine whether expanding Medicaid managed care in Texas is the solution to the challenges faced by the state of meeting the healthcare needs of a rapidly growing Medicaid population while addressing its own fiscal limitations. We reviewed the Texas Medicaid program, the potential effects of federal healthcare reform, and the state political climate through the perspectives (advantages and disadvantages) of the primary stakeholders: patients, practitioners, hospitals, and insurers. Research was performed through online, federal and state regulatory, and legislative review. In addition, we reviewed government and peer-reviewed reports and articles pertaining to issues related to Medicaid populations, healthcare practitioners, and hospitals that serve them. Each primary stakeholder had potential advantages and disadvantages associated with the expansion of Medicaid managed care. We conclude that expanding Medicaid managed care, if done in a manner responsive to the needs of recipients, can meet enrollees' healthcare needs while controlling the state's costs.

A Primer on Bayesian Analysis for Experimental Psychopathologists

PubMed Central

Krypotos, Angelos-Miltiadis; Blanken, Tessa F.; Arnaudova, Inna; Matzke, Dora; Beckers, Tom

2016-01-01

The principal goals of experimental psychopathology (EPP) research are to offer insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of mental disorders and to provide a stable ground for the development of clinical interventions. The main message of the present article is that those goals are better served by the adoption of Bayesian statistics than by the continued use of null-hypothesis significance testing (NHST). In the first part of the article we list the main disadvantages of NHST and explain why those disadvantages limit the conclusions that can be drawn from EPP research. Next, we highlight the advantages of Bayesian statistics. To illustrate, we then pit NHST and Bayesian analysis against each other using an experimental data set from our lab. Finally, we discuss some challenges when adopting Bayesian statistics. We hope that the present article will encourage experimental psychopathologists to embrace Bayesian statistics, which could strengthen the conclusions drawn from EPP research. PMID:28748068

Children’s Perceptions of Social Resource Inequality

PubMed Central

Elenbaas, Laura; Killen, Melanie

2016-01-01

Children’s perceptions of social resource inequalities were investigated by measuring spontaneous explanations for race-based disparities in access to societal resources. Fifth graders (N = 139, M = 11.14 years, SD = .61 years) viewed animated vignettes depicting hypothetical resource inequalities between institutions serving children of African-American and European-American background. Children frequently explained disparities in terms of institutions’ differing financial resources, revealing awareness that economic inequalities often underlie groups’ differential access to societal resources. Further, children attributed inequalities to preferential treatment more often when they witnessed African-Americans at a disadvantage than when they witnessed European-Americans at a disadvantage, demonstrating awareness that racial minority groups are more likely to experience restricted access to resources. Finally, children who reasoned about preferential treatment judged inequality, and actions that perpetuated inequality, more negatively than children who attributed inequalities to institutions’ differing needs, revealing a link between awareness of discrimination and rejection of social inequalities. PMID:28717258

Personalised iron supply for prophylaxis and treatment of pregnant women as a way to ensure normal iron levels in their breast milk.

PubMed

Marin, G H; Mestorino, N; Errecalde, J; Huber, B; Uriarte, A; Orchuela, J

2012-02-22

Because the characteristics of all body fluids depends on patient's health status, is it possible that disadvantaged and socially vulnerable mothers may have lower amounts of iron in their breast milk, and that their babies receive lower content of the mineral for their normal growth and development. Assuring a preventive treatment of the mother might solve this problem. To demonstrate breast milk iron content from disadvantaged mothers and impact of personalized iron supplementation program. cross-sectional study. Breast milk samples were obtained for ferritin analysis. Health's services usually provides free folic acid and iron treatment however, treatment compliance is low. Patients were random in two groups: "A: Controls" that had free iron tablets available from Health Centre; and "B: Intervention" group where patients accepted to be periodically contacted at home by health's team for personalized iron dispensation. 360 patients were included. Profilaxis and treatment compliance were 100% and 97,6% for B group while for "Control" one was 63% and 34%(p0.0001). Higher breast milk iron levels were detected in Intervention's mothers compared with control's patients (p0.007). Personalized iron prophylaxis and treatment increased breast milk iron levels. Public health policy must ensure iron dispensation for each underserved mother in order to reduce children problems associate to iron deficiency during the first year of their life.

Can personality traits and intelligence compensate for background disadvantage? Predicting status attainment in adulthood.

PubMed

Damian, Rodica Ioana; Su, Rong; Shanahan, Michael; Trautwein, Ulrich; Roberts, Brent W

2015-09-01

This study investigated the interplay of family background and individual differences, such as personality traits and intelligence (measured in a large U.S. representative sample of high school students; N = 81,000) in predicting educational attainment, annual income, and occupational prestige 11 years later. Specifically, we tested whether individual differences followed 1 of 3 patterns in relation to parental socioeconomic status (SES) when predicting attained status: (a) the independent effects hypothesis (i.e., individual differences predict attainments independent of parental SES level), (b) the resource substitution hypothesis (i.e., individual differences are stronger predictors of attainments at lower levels of parental SES), and (c) the Matthew effect hypothesis (i.e., "the rich get richer"; individual differences are stronger predictors of attainments at higher levels of parental SES). We found that personality traits and intelligence in adolescence predicted later attained status above and beyond parental SES. A standard deviation increase in individual differences translated to up to 8 additional months of education, $4,233 annually, and more prestigious occupations. Furthermore, although we did find some evidence for both the resource substitution and the Matthew effect hypotheses, the most robust pattern across all models supported the independent effects hypothesis. Intelligence was the exception, the interaction models being more robust. Finally, we found that although personality traits may help compensate for background disadvantage to a small extent, they do not usually lead to a "full catch-up" effect, unlike intelligence. This was the first longitudinal study of status attainment to test interactive models of individual differences and background factors. (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

Can Personality Traits and Intelligence Compensate for Background Disadvantage? Predicting Status Attainment in Adulthood

PubMed Central

Damian, Rodica Ioana; Su, Rong; Shanahan, Michael; Trautwein, Ulrich; Roberts, Brent W.

2014-01-01

This paper investigates the interplay of family background and individual differences, such as personality traits and intelligence (measured in a large US representative sample of high school students; N = 81,000) in predicting educational attainment, annual income, and occupational prestige eleven years later. Specifically, we tested whether individual differences followed one of three patterns in relation to parental SES when predicting attained status: (a) the independent effects hypothesis (i.e., individual differences predict attainments independent of parental SES level), (b) the resource substitution hypothesis (i.e., individual differences are stronger predictors of attainments at lower levels of parental SES), and (c) the Matthew effect hypothesis (i.e., “the rich get richer,” individual differences are stronger predictors of attainments at higher levels of parental SES). We found that personality traits and intelligence in adolescence predicted later attained status above and beyond parental SES. A standard deviation increase in individual differences translated to up to 8 additional months of education, $4,233 annually, and more prestigious occupations. Furthermore, although we did find some evidence for both the resource substitution and the Matthew effect hypotheses, the most robust pattern across all models supported the independent effects hypothesis. Intelligence was the exception, where interaction models were more robust. Finally, we found that although personality traits may help compensate for background disadvantage to a small extent, they do not usually lead to a “full catch up” effect, unlike intelligence. This was the first longitudinal study of status attainment to test interactive models of individual differences and background factors. PMID:25402679

Training to Work with the Disadvantaged Rural, Tribal and Urban Slum Child.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

D'Silva, Loretta; And Others

1984-01-01

Describes a comprehensive list of skills, personal qualities, and competencies considered essential for a child-care worker in India. This list was created by interviewing 30 training instructors from 10 agencies. It was found that these skills could be developed in the field worker through field-based, on-the-job training. (Author/CB)

An Analysis of School-Based Contextual Indicators for Possible Use in Widening Participation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gorard, Stephen; Siddiqui, Nadia; Boliver, Vikki

2017-01-01

This paper looks at the National Pupil Database for England in terms of variables that could be used by universities to help them assess undergraduate applications. Where a young person is obviously disadvantaged, this can be taken into account in contextualised admissions. Of the indicators available, which give the most accurate assessment of…

77 FR 71469 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-30

... Auction Process. \\4\\ See NYSE Arca Options Rule 6.37(b)(1). The big-ask [sic] guidelines specified in Rule... subject to a standard- width quote requirement puts the Exchange at a competitive disadvantage to other... Interested persons are invited to submit written data, views, and arguments concerning the foregoing...

An Event History Analysis of Teacher Attrition: Salary, Teacher Tracking, and Socially Disadvantaged Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kelly, Sean

2004-01-01

In this event history analysis of the 1990-1991 Schools and Staffing Survey and the 1992 Teacher Follow-up Survey, a retrospective person-year database was constructed to examine teacher attrition over the course of the teaching career. Consistent with prior research, higher teacher salaries reduced attrition, but only slightly so. Teacher…

Building and Craft Skills Apprenticeship and Pre-Apprenticeship Grant. Cooperative Demonstration Program (High Technology). Final Performance Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Building Industry Association of Spokane, Inc., WA.

A Spokane, Washington, program was designed to offer training and employment opportunities within the residential and commercial construction industries to females, minorities, incarcerated persons, veterans, and economically disadvantaged men and women. A total of 21 classes with a total of 3,116 training hours were offered to 277 participants.…

COMPARISON OF PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF JUNIOR HIGH STUDENTS FROM AMERICAN INDIAN, MEXICAN AND CAUCASIAN ETHNIC BACKGROUNDS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MASON, EVELYN P.

PROJECT "CATCH-UP" WAS DESIGNED TO GIVE CULTURALLY DISADVANTAGED 13 AND 14 YEAR OLDS A SUMMER PROGRAM OF ACADEMIC REMEDIATION, ACCELERATION, AND GENERAL CULTURAL ENRICHMENT. 49 YOUNGSTERS FROM THE PROJECT WERE USED IN THIS STUDY TO MEASURE PROJECT PARTICIPANTS' ATTITUDES TOWARD THEMSELVES AND TO EVALUATE DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSES TO THE PROJECT AND…

Interrupting Constructions of a Criminalized Other through a Revised Criminal Activities Checklist Classroom Exercise

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Woodall, Denise

2017-01-01

A self-report questionnaire about past criminal behavior is presented here as a useful pedagogical tool to demonstrate the invalidity of crime rates, challenge stereotypes about criminals, exemplify policy problems, and personalize the ways in which race, gender, and class operate to disadvantage and advantage people in the administration of…

In First Person Plural: Growing Up with a Disadvantaged Community.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salach, Simcha

From the perspective of the project leader, this book traces the growth and development of the Early Childhood and Family Education Project in Morasha, Israel, during the 8 years of its existence (1982-1990). Chapter 1 describes Morasha, a poor, immigrant neighborhood in Ramat HaSharon, and the author's childhood there. Chapter 2 describes the…

Poverty Among Spanish Americans in Texas: Low-Income Families in a Minority Group.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Upham, W. Kennedy; Wright, David E.

An analysis of 1960 census data for persons with Spanish surnames in Texas reveals a significantly high rate of poverty when compared with other ethnic groups and national averages. An analysis by county shows greater economic disadvantagement in the southern part of the state where the concentration of Mexican Americans is higher. Rural Mexican…

Learning Experiences of Young Artists with ASD in a University Enrichment Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuo, Ching-Chih; Lin, Christine Ie-Ting; Kuo, Bor-Jou; Kuang, Ching-Chen; Dai, Ling-Tsai

2016-01-01

Assisting every student with special needs to give scope to their talents and to possess healthy personality and mature social skill that advance their careers at their working places is far from being easy. Within the domains of special education, students are placed in relative disadvantage when they bear cultural differences, and mental or…

Creativity in Adulthood and Old Age: Relations to Intelligence, Sex and Mode of Testing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ruth, Jan-Erik; Birren, James E.

1985-01-01

Young adults, middle-aged, and old persons (n=150) participated in a study of creativity and age. Results showed age differences in creativity to the disadvantage of the old. Reduced speed of information processing, lower level of complexity, and decreased willingness to risk original solutions by age are offered as explanations. (Author/AS)

Disadvantaged Older Jobseekers and the Concept of Bounded Agency

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meyers, Rebecca

2017-01-01

This article uses the concept of bounded agency to interpret the findings of a study that explored the training and job-seeking activities of a group of older adults. A qualitative, phenomenological approach was used to obtain personal and nuanced accounts of their experiences. A series of semi-structured interviews was conducted with eight adults…

Effortful Control and Adaptive Functioning of Homeless Children: Variable-Focused and Person-Focused Analyses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Obradovic, Jelena

2010-01-01

Homeless children show significant developmental delays across major domains of adaptation, yet research on protective processes that may contribute to resilient adaptation in this highly disadvantaged group of children is extremely rare. This study examined the role of effortful control for adaption in 58 homeless children, ages 5-6, during their…

Proactive, Preventive or Indifference? Reaction Modes of Faculty towards Use of Personal Mobile Devices in Courses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Forkosh-Baruch, Alona; Meishar-Tal, Hagit

2016-01-01

Students enter classes with mobile devices and use them for learning; however, these are also distracting devices. Some teacher educators display positive attitudes; others display negative attitudes, depending on their perception of the advantages and disadvantages of mobile technology for learning. This paper represents findings of a study that…

The Patient's Right to Clear Communications in Health and Mental Health Delivery Service.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shuy, Roger W.

Persons from minority groups often are at a linguistic disadvantage in (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Nov. 22, 1975) the language and culture of the physician or psychoanalyst, who may be unaware of problems of understanding. Patients have certain language rights in medical care. (1) The right to human dignity in the medical relationship is…

Space Station Freedom regenerative water recovery system configuration selection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reysa, R.; Edwards, J.

1991-01-01

The Space Station Freedom (SSF) must recover water from various waste water sources to reduce 90 day water resupply demands for a four/eight person crew. The water recovery system options considered are summarized together with system configuration merits and demerits, resource advantages and disadvantages, and water quality considerations used to select the SSF water recovery system.

Behavioral Stability as an Emergent Process: Toward a Coherence Theory of Concentrated Personal Disadvantage

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wright, John Paul; Beaver, Kevin M.; Gibson, Chris L.

2010-01-01

The best predictor of future misbehavior is a history of aberrant and wayward conduct. Even so, few theories attempt to account for time-stable maladaptive pathways. To this end, we advance a theory of stability, what we term Coherence Theory. Coherence Theory conceptualizes stability as an emergent property that occurs when antisocial…

Identity Crises in Love and at Work: Dispositional Optimism as a Durable Personal Resource

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Andersson, Matthew A.

2012-01-01

Using the 2004 General Social Survey (N = 453), the identity stress process is investigated in terms of crises in intimate relationships and at the workplace. I discuss dispositional optimism as a psychological resource that is relatively independent of the situation and the self, making it ideal for structurally disadvantaged actors and for…

A Review of Attitude Therapy: The History, Concepts, Further Applications, Advantages, and Disadvantages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ertz, Dewey J.

"Attitude" is an oreintation organized through experiences which respond consistently to an object, person, or situation. Attitude Therapy is aimed at modifying a patient's patterns of behavior which is viewed as a group of symptoms, rather than one specific symptom. Five attitude prescriptions employed in Attitude Therapy are: (1) kind firmness;…

Informing maternity service development by surveying new mothers about preferences for nutrition education during their pregnancy in an area of social disadvantage.

PubMed

Porteous, Helen E; Palmer, Michelle A; Wilkinson, Shelley A

2014-09-01

A demonstrated link exists between maternal diet and maternal and infant health outcomes during and after pregnancy. A dietetic maternity service (0.6FTE for 3500 births) was introduced in 2012 at our hospital in a socially-disadvantaged area. We needed to develop evidence-based, patient-oriented improvements to nutrition services within resource limitations. This cross-sectional study gathered knowledge, eating behaviours, and nutrition-related needs of our women ante- and postnatally to inform this process. Women (≥ 18 years) admitted to the postnatal ward completed our survey. Data including dietary quality, nutritional knowledge and interest in nutrition education were collected. Analysis included descriptive, chi-squared and t-tests. Three hundred and nine eligible women responded (28 ± 6 years, 27 ± 7 kg/m(2) pre-pregnancy body mass index, 12% gestational diabetes). Two-fifths (42%) self-reported gaining excess weight during pregnancy. One quarter reported knowing their gestational weight gain goals, yet only 1.6% was correct. Half reported interest in receiving nutrition education during pregnancy and post-delivery (45%, n=134; 43%, n=123, respectively). Women had poor diet quality (daily serves - fruit: 1.8 ± 1.0; vegetables: 2.0 ± 1.2; dairy: 1.9 ± 1.2), despite identifying healthy eating as a personal priority. Nutrition topics requested included healthy eating for development of baby pre- and post-delivery and maternal weight management. Women attending our hospital have dietary issues and levels of interest in nutrition similar to women in tertiary maternity centres. Service changes planned will explore formats that meet higher and lower education levels; group workshops may be supplemented by formats such as internet and DVD-delivered education to overcome access and literacy issues, respectively. Crown Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dynamic Assessment of Reading Difficulties: Predictive and Incremental Validity on Attitude toward Reading and the Use of Dialogue/Participation Strategies in Classroom Activities.

PubMed

Navarro, Juan-José; Lara, Laura

2017-01-01

Dynamic Assessment (DA) has been shown to have more predictive value than conventional tests for academic performance. However, in relation to reading difficulties, further research is needed to determine the predictive validity of DA for specific aspects of the different processes involved in reading and the differential validity of DA for different subgroups of students with an academic disadvantage. This paper analyzes the implementation of a DA device that evaluates processes involved in reading (EDPL) among 60 students with reading comprehension difficulties between 9 and 16 years of age, of whom 20 have intellectual disabilities, 24 have reading-related learning disabilities, and 16 have socio-cultural disadvantages. We specifically analyze the predictive validity of the EDPL device over attitude toward reading, and the use of dialogue/participation strategies in reading activities in the classroom during the implementation stage. We also analyze if the EDPL device provides additional information to that obtained with a conventionally applied personal-social adjustment scale (APSL). Results showed that dynamic scores, obtained from the implementation of the EDPL device, significantly predict the studied variables. Moreover, dynamic scores showed a significant incremental validity in relation to predictions based on an APSL scale. In relation to differential validity, the results indicated the superior predictive validity for DA for students with intellectual disabilities and reading disabilities than for students with socio-cultural disadvantages. Furthermore, the role of metacognition and its relation to the processes of personal-social adjustment in explaining the results is discussed.

Dynamic Assessment of Reading Difficulties: Predictive and Incremental Validity on Attitude toward Reading and the Use of Dialogue/Participation Strategies in Classroom Activities

PubMed Central

Navarro, Juan-José; Lara, Laura

2017-01-01

Dynamic Assessment (DA) has been shown to have more predictive value than conventional tests for academic performance. However, in relation to reading difficulties, further research is needed to determine the predictive validity of DA for specific aspects of the different processes involved in reading and the differential validity of DA for different subgroups of students with an academic disadvantage. This paper analyzes the implementation of a DA device that evaluates processes involved in reading (EDPL) among 60 students with reading comprehension difficulties between 9 and 16 years of age, of whom 20 have intellectual disabilities, 24 have reading-related learning disabilities, and 16 have socio-cultural disadvantages. We specifically analyze the predictive validity of the EDPL device over attitude toward reading, and the use of dialogue/participation strategies in reading activities in the classroom during the implementation stage. We also analyze if the EDPL device provides additional information to that obtained with a conventionally applied personal-social adjustment scale (APSL). Results showed that dynamic scores, obtained from the implementation of the EDPL device, significantly predict the studied variables. Moreover, dynamic scores showed a significant incremental validity in relation to predictions based on an APSL scale. In relation to differential validity, the results indicated the superior predictive validity for DA for students with intellectual disabilities and reading disabilities than for students with socio-cultural disadvantages. Furthermore, the role of metacognition and its relation to the processes of personal-social adjustment in explaining the results is discussed. PMID:28243215

40 CFR 142.310 - How can a person served by the public water system obtain EPA review of a State proposed small...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false How can a person served by the public water system obtain EPA review of a State proposed small system variance? 142.310 Section 142.310 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS...

Understanding and Communicating through Narratives

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-17

distinctions, and may affect the fundamental contents of personal identity . It comes as no surprise that because of these influences stories are...activists.”16 Narrative serves an inherently strategic role, it serves as living embodiment of identity and ideology at personal, organizational, and as...applied by Freeman, national level. This identity function is one of the most critical functions of narrative. The logic expressed by the identity

40 CFR 142.310 - How can a person served by the public water system obtain EPA review of a State proposed small...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false How can a person served by the public water system obtain EPA review of a State proposed small system variance? 142.310 Section 142.310 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS...

Management Education in Public Health: Further Considerations

PubMed Central

Darr, Kurt J.

2015-01-01

Knowing and applying the basic management functions of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling, as well as their permutations and combinations, are vital to effective delivery of public health services. Presently, graduate programs that prepare public health professionals neither emphasize teaching management theory, nor its application. This deficit puts those who become managers in public health and those they serve at a distinct disadvantage. This deficit can be remedied by enhanced teaching of management subjects PMID:26673475

FIELD NOTES: PEOPLE, PROGRAMS, & POLICIES Farmers' Market Produce Delivery Program for Mitigating Nutritional Risk in Older Adults.

PubMed

Dover, Sally E; Buys, David R; Allocca, Sally; Locher, Julie L

2013-01-01

Community-dwelling older adults in disadvantaged neighborhoods may face nutritional risks not mitigated by existing programs. The Senior Market Basket Program, administered by nonprofit organization P.E.E.R., Inc., is a unique approach to serving community-dwelling senior adults and a valuable model for integrating targeted social services into local food systems. The program ensures access to fresh produce during the growing season for a defined target population.

Social determinants of disability-based disadvantage in Solomon islands.

PubMed

Gartrell, Alexandra; Jennaway, Megan; Manderson, Lenore; Fangalasuu, Judy; Dolaiano, Simon

2018-04-01

Development discourse widely recognises that disability is the result of economic and social processes and structures that fail to accommodate persons with disabilities. Empirical work on the relationship between disability and poverty however, conceptualize poverty through an economic resource lens in high-income countries. To address this conceptual gap this article uses a social determinants of health perspective to examine how socio-cultural, economic and political contexts shape disability-based disadvantage. This article draws upon ethnographic research and supplementary data collected using rapid assessment techniques in Solomon Islands. Findings suggest that the disability-poverty nexus and inequalities in health, wellbeing and quality of life must be understood within broader patterns of social vulnerability that are institutionalised in landownership and patterns of descent, gendered power relations and disability specific stigmas that preclude social and productive engagement . This article demonstrates how a social determinant of health perspective that closely examines lived experiences of disability provides critical analytical insights into the structural mechanisms that constitute disability-based disadvantage. This article provides foundation knowledge on which policies and further research to promote disability-inclusion and equity can be based.

Los Angeles Safety-Net Program eConsult System Was Rapidly Adopted And Decreased Wait Times To See Specialists.

PubMed

Barnett, Michael L; Yee, Hal F; Mehrotra, Ateev; Giboney, Paul

2017-03-01

Lack of timely access to specialty care is a significant problem among disadvantaged populations, such as those served by the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. In 2012 the department implemented an electronic system for the provision of specialty care called the eConsult system, in which all requests from primary care providers for specialty assistance were reviewed by specialists. In many cases, the specialist can address the primary care provider's question via an electronic dialogue, thereby eliminating the need for the patient to see a specialist in person. We observed rapid growth in the use of eConsult: By 2015 the system was in use by over 3,000 primary care providers, and 12,082 consultations were taking place per month, compared to 86 in the third quarter of 2012. The median time to an electronic response from a specialist was one day, and 25 percent of eConsults were resolved without a specialist visit. Three to four years after implementation, the median time to a specialist appointment decreased significantly, while the volume of visits remained stable. eConsult systems are a promising and sustainable intervention that could improve access to specialist care for underserved patients. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

The Flexible Fairness: Equality, Earned Entitlement, and Self-Interest

PubMed Central

Gu, Ruolei; Broster, Lucas S.; Shen, Xueyi; Tian, Tengxiang; Luo, Yue-Jia; Krueger, Frank

2013-01-01

The current study explored whether earned entitlement modulated the perception of fairness in three experiments. A preliminary resource earning task was added before players decided how to allocate the resource they jointly earned. Participants’ decision in allocation, their responses to equal or unequal offers, whether advantageous or disadvantageous, and subjective ratings of fairness were all assessed in the current study. Behavioral results revealed that participants proposed more generous offers and showed enhanced tolerance to disadvantageous unequal offers from others when they performed worse than their presumed “partners,” while the reverse was true in the better-performance condition. The subjective ratings also indicated the effect of earned entitlement, such that worse performance was associated with higher perceived feelings of fairness for disadvantageous unequal offers, while better performance was associated with higher feelings of fairness for advantageous unequal offers. Equal offers were considered “fair” only when earned entitlement was even between two parties. In sum, the perception of fairness is modulated by an integration of egalitarian motivation and entitlement. In addition to justice principles, participants were also motivated by self-interest, such that participants placed more weight on entitlement in the better-performance condition than in the worse-performance condition. These results imply that earned entitlement is evaluated in a self-serving way. PMID:24039867

An Australian Perspective of a Forest School: Shaping a Sense of Place to Support Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cumming, Fiona; Nash, Melanie

2015-01-01

There is growing discussion on the use of local outdoor environments to enhance a person's sense of belonging. Sense of belonging and sense of place are components that can promote positive learning identities and attachments to community and, in turn, address issues of cycles of disadvantage. This article researched the impact of an…

Entry to Employment: Discourses of Inclusion and Employability in Work-Based Learning for Young People

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simmons, Robin

2009-01-01

Entry to Employment (E2E) is a work-based learning programme aimed at 16-19 year-olds in England deemed not yet ready for employment, an apprenticeship or further education and training. Taking into account educational, social and personal circumstances which are often severely disadvantaged, it aspires to provide these young people with training…

Taxes Affecting the Worker: Orientation to the World of Work.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rankin, Lila T.

The guide is one of a series of 10 units composing an orientation to the world of work course designed especially for disadvantaged and handicapped students in the 9th and 10th grades. It is designed to provide basic and remedial instruction in personal development, math, and language skills while providing information and skills basic or common…

Home Environment, Self-Concept and Urban Student Achievement: A Bibliography and Review of Research. NJ Urban Education Research Reports No. 5.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shapiro, Carol; Bloom, Joel S.

This review analyzes recent research on student personality, social and home environment, and the influence of these factors on academic achievement, particularly among minority and disadvantaged students. Several factors which purportedly affect student achievement and which are examined in the review include: (1) socioeconomic status and its…

The Job Opportunities in the Business Sector Program: An Evaluation of Impact in Ten Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greenleigh Associates, Inc., New York, NY.

An evaluation of the Job Opportunities in the Business Sectors (JOBS) program revealed that JOBS should be continued as a Federally assisted manpower program since it has demonstrated a viable role for business in manpower training. As a result of JOBS disadvantaged, unemployed, and underemployed persons have been elevated above poverty income…

Children in Single-Parent Families Living in Poverty Have Fewer Supports after Welfare Reform. IWPR Research in Brief.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lyter, Deanna M.; Sills, Melissa; Oh, Gi-Taik

Since the 1996 passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (welfare reform), impoverished children in single-parent families receive less aid than under the previous system, and the most disadvantaged of these children have slipped deeper into poverty. This research brief summarizes a study that explored the economic well-being…

Elementary Education in Rural India: A Grassroots View. Strategies for Human Development in India, Volume 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vaidyanathan, A., Ed.; Nair, P. R. Gopinathan, Ed.

There are wide variations in educational attainment and literacy rates across the regions and social classes of India. A national project examined participation in and the quality of elementary education in nine states of India, focusing on rural areas and the situation of disadvantaged persons, especially girls and the scheduled castes and…

Grounds Maintenance: Standards, Practices, and Alternatives

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-12-01

stability, erosion, and excessive water runoff (Danneberger and Street 1986). * Personal Communication, June 1989, W. G. Menn, Texas A&M, College...mechanical vegetation removal. Among the disadvantages of herbicide use are: the possibility of runoff , the brown look of vegetation following the application...native plants. Besides a requirement for special fertili - zers, exotics usually require more water and have less tolerance of extreme temperature changes

Social disadvantage and borderline personality disorder: A study of social networks.

PubMed

Beeney, Joseph E; Hallquist, Michael N; Clifton, Allan D; Lazarus, Sophie A; Pilkonis, Paul A

2018-01-01

Examining differences in social integration, social support, and relationship characteristics in social networks may be critical for understanding the character and costs of the social difficulties experienced of borderline personality disorder (BPD). We conducted an ego-based (self-reported, individual) social network analysis of 142 participants recruited from clinical and community sources. Each participant listed the 30 most significant people (called alters) in their social network, then rated each alter in terms of amount of contact, social support, attachment strength and negative interactions. In addition, measures of social integration were determined using participant's report of the connection between people in their networks. BPD was associated with poorer social support, more frequent negative interactions, and less social integration. Examination of alter-by-BPD interactions indicated that whereas participants with low BPD symptoms had close relationships with people with high centrality within their networks, participants with high BPD symptoms had their closest relationships with people less central to their networks. The results suggest that individuals with BPD are at a social disadvantage: Those with whom they are most closely linked (including romantic partners) are less socially connected (i.e., less central) within their social network. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).