Simulating Future Histories: The NAU Solar System Simulation and Mars Settlement.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Riner, Reed D.; Clodius, Jennifer A.

1995-01-01

Describes how the simulation of Mars settlement is conducted in a class at Northern Arizona University and discusses the pedagogical and anthropological premises involved. The course requires students to use both halves of their brains, to use technology creatively, and to bind creativity to technological feasibility. (MMU)

77 FR 39736 - Certain Integrated Solar Power Systems and Components Thereof; Notice of Termination of the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-05

... certain integrated solar power systems and components thereof by reason of infringement of certain claims... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation No. 337-TA-811] Certain Integrated Solar Power Systems and Components Thereof; Notice of Termination of the Investigation Based on Settlement AGENCY: U.S...

[Customer satisfaction analysis in women attending an organized mammographic screening. Pilot study at Trento].

PubMed

Della Sala, W; Tognotti, F; Pellegrini, M; Bernardi, D; Gentilini, M; Piffer, S

2005-01-01

Present paper reports on the results of a pilot customer satisfaction study carried out on 1.720 consecutive women (18.7 with spontaneous access) attended senology department (Trento and Borgo) in the context of a organized mammography screening programme, started in October 2000. Data were collected by a questionnarie filled by the women after mammography. 4.3% of the invited women reported the receiving the letter late, 0.9% considered it inaccurate, 7.2% had some problems for getting a new date for test, 1.8% of the whole sample reported some problems for external access and 2.2% for internal access to health facilities; 1.9% perceived waiting room as not friendly. The welcoming by the personnel is judged quite well, only 0.6% complained about it. Trento centre, is more efficient than Borgo. In 21.7% of the cases the mammography has been performed within next 30 minutes of the fixed time and in 7.9% besides that. 36.8% of the whole sample perceived mammography as tiresome and 4.1% as painful. The percentage of women reporting mammography disconforting increase, in Trento sample, according the education level as previously reported. The data about perceived quality are satisfactory, on the whole. Anyway it would be opportune to contain the waiting time.

AQUAPLEX An Environmentally Aware Model Lunar Settlement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Preble, Darel

2003-01-01

The construction and operation of a replica Lunar settlement (CELSS), can provide many lessons in in-situ resource utilization, telerobotic operation and reducing the hygiene water demanded by existing models of Lunar operation - a larger settlement may be operated with the same amount of precious water. Hypes and Hall and all other CELSS models found in the literature propose quantities of hygiene water far in excess of what would be needed in actual operation using simple, environmentally aware technologies. By using modern zero water toilets, low water showers, CO2 dry cleaning machines, energy efficient washing machines and other hardware, water use can be slashed. The Space Solar Power Workshop sees great opportunity to advance the prospects for Lunar settlement through involving the environmental community in this fun design exercise.

Energy sustainable cities. From eco villages, eco districts towards zero carbon cities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zaręba, Anna; Krzemińska, Alicja; Łach, Janusz

2017-11-01

Minimizing energy consumption is the effect of sustainable design technics as among many others: designing buildings with solar access and natural ventilation, using climate responsive design materials and effective insulation. Contemporary examples of zero-carbon cities: Masdar City, United Arab Emirates and Dongtan, China, confirm technical feasibility of renewable energy by implementation of solar PV and wind technologies. The ecological city - medium or high density urban settlement separated by greenspace causes the smallest possible ecological footprint on the surrounding countryside through efficient use of land and its resources, recycling used materials and converting waste to energy. This paper investigates the concept of energy sustainable cities, examines, how urban settlements might affect building energy design in eco-villages, eco-districts (e.g. Vauban, Freiburg in Germany, Bo01 Malmo in Sweden), and discuss the strategies for achieving Zero Emission Cities principles in densely populated areas. It is focused on low energy architectural design solutions which could be incorporated into urban settlements to create ecological villages, districts and cities, designed with consideration of environmental impact, required minimal inputs of energy, water, food, waste and pollution.

Space Technospheres

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vidmachenko, A. P.; Steklov, A. F.; Primak, N. V.

2000-01-01

Two main tendencies of making the Solar System habitable are regarding nowadays: (1) making objects of the Solar System habitable; and (2) making the space of the Solar System habitable. We think that it's better to combine them. We should dezine and build settlements ('technospheres') on such objects as asteroids and comets, using their resources. That is, it is necessary to create 'space technospheres' - a long-termed human settlements in the space. To save energy resources it is necessary to use Near-Earth asteroids enriched with water ice (i. e. extinguished comets) with Near-Earth orbits. To realize listed conceptions it is necessary to decrease (up to 100 times) the cost price of the long-termed settlements. That's why even average UN country will be able to create it's own space house - artificial planet ('technosphere') and maintain life activities there. About 50-100 such artificial planets will represent the future civilization of our Solar System. At the same time Earth will stay basic, maternal planet. There is an interesting problem of correcting orbits of that objects. Orbits can be changed into circular or elongated to make them comfortable for living activities of 5000-10000 settlers, and to maintain connection with maternal planet. Technospheres with the elongated orbits are more advantageous to assimilate the Solar System. While technospheres with circular orbits suit to the industrial cycle with certain specialization. The specialization of the technosphere will depend on mine-workings and/or chosen high-technology industrial process. Because it is profitable to convert raw materials at the technosphere and then to transport finished products to the maternal planet. It worth to be mentioned that because of the low gravitation and changed life cycle technosphere settlers, new 'Columb' of the Solar System will transform into new mankind. It will happen though it is difficult to imaging this. Because long ago, when fish left the ocean, they didn't realize that began to transform into Homo Sapiens. Human's departure from the 'cradle' of the mankind - Earth - has the same value in the making new environment habitable.

The ideas of K. E. Tsiolkovsky on orbital space stations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kolchenko, I. A.; Strazheva, I. V.

1977-01-01

The concepts presented by K. E. Tsiolkovsky concerning the construction of orbital space stations are cited. Tsiolkovsky, a Russian scientist and founder of astronautics, substantiated these ideas at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. Considered settlements outside the earth were proposed feasible using solar energy. The substance of numerous asteroids would be used as construction materials for space settlements and rockets. Extraordinary farsightedness was shown by Tsiolkovsky when comparisons of his projects with those of modern orbital stations are made.

A Strategic Roadmap to Centauri

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, Les; Harris, David; Trausch, Ann; Matloff, Gregory L.; Taylor, Travis; Cutting, Kathleen

2005-01-01

This paper discusses the connectivity between in-space propulsion and in-space fabrication/repair and is based upon a workshop presentation by Les Johnson, manager of the In-Space Propulsion (ISP) Technology Project at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Ala.. Technologies under study by ISP include aerocapture, advanced solar-electric propulsion, solar-thermal propulsion, advanced chemical propulsion, tethers and solar-photon sails. These propulsion systems are all approaching technology readiness levels (TRLs) at which they can be considered for application in space-science and exploration missions. Historically, human frontiers have expanded as people have learned to live off the land in new environments and to exploit local resorces. With this expansion, frontier settlements have required development of transportation improvements to carry tools and manufactured products to and from the frontier. It is demonstrated how ISP technologies will assist in the development of the solar-system frontier. In-space fabrication and repair will both require and assist the development of ISP propulsion systems, whether humans choose to settle planetary surfaces or to exploit resources of small Solar System bodies. As was true for successful terrestrial pioneers, in-space settlement and exploitation will require sophisticated surveys of inner and outer Solar System objects. ISP technologies will contribute to the success of these surveys, as well as to the efforts to retrieve Solar System resources. In a similar fashion, the utility of ISP products will be greatly enhanced by the technologies of in-space repair and fabrication. As in-space propulsion, fabrication and repair develop, human civilization may expand well beyond the Earth. In the future, small human communities (preceded by robotic explorers) may utilize these techniques to set sail f or the nearest stars.

A Strategic Roadmap to Centauri

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johnson, L.; Harris, D.; Trausch, A.; Matloff, G. L.; Taylor, T.; Cutting, K.

This paper discusses the connectivity between in-space propulsion and in-space fabrication/repair and is based upon a workshop presentation by Les Johnson, manager of the In-Space Propulsion (ISP) Technology Project at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama. Technologies under study by ISP include aerocapture, advanced solar- electric propulsion, solar-thermal propulsion, advanced chemical propulsion, tethers and solar-photon sails. These propulsion systems are all approaching technology readiness levels (TRLs) at which they can be considered for application in space- science and exploration missions. Historically, human frontiers have expanded as people have learned to “live-off-the-land” in new environments and to exploit local resources. With this expansion, frontier settlements have required development of transportation improvements to carry tools and manufactured products to and from the frontier. It is demonstrated how ISP technologies will assist in the development of the solar-system frontier. In-space fabrication and repair will both require and assist the development of ISP propulsion systems, whether humans choose to settle planetary surfaces or to exploit resources of small Solar System bodies. As was true for successful terrestrial pioneers, in-space settlement and exploitation will require sophisticated surveys of inner and outer Solar System objects. ISP technologies will contribute to the success of these surveys, as well as to the efforts to retrieve Solar System resources. In a similar fashion, the utility of ISP products will be greatly enhanced by the technologies of in-space repair and fabrication. As in-space propulsion, fabrication and repair develop, human civilization may expand well beyond the Earth. In the future, small human communities (preceded by robotic explorers) may utilize these techniques to set sail for the nearest stars.

Visions of human futures in space and SETI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wright, Jason T.; Oman-Reagan, Michael P.

2018-04-01

We discuss how visions for the futures of humanity in space and SETI are intertwined, and are shaped by prior work in the fields and by science fiction. This appears in the language used in the fields, and in the sometimes implicit assumptions made in discussions of them. We give examples from articulations of the so-called Fermi Paradox, discussions of the settlement of the Solar System (in the near future) and the Galaxy (in the far future), and METI. We argue that science fiction, especially the campy variety, is a significant contributor to the `giggle factor' that hinders serious discussion and funding for SETI and Solar System settlement projects. We argue that humanity's long-term future in space will be shaped by our short-term visions for who goes there and how. Because of the way they entered the fields, we recommend avoiding the term `colony' and its cognates when discussing the settlement of space, as well as other terms with similar pedigrees. We offer examples of science fiction and other writing that broaden and challenge our visions of human futures in space and SETI. In an appendix, we use an analogy with the well-funded and relatively uncontroversial searches for the dark matter particle to argue that SETI's lack of funding in the national science portfolio is primarily a problem of perception, not inherent merit.

Fires in refugee and displaced persons settlements: the current situation and opportunities to improve fire prevention and control

PubMed Central

Kazerooni, Yasaman; Gyedu, Adam; Burnham, Gilbert; Nwomeh, Benedict; Charles, Anthony; Mishra, Brijesh; Kuah, Solomon S; Kushner, Adam L; Stewart, Barclay T

2015-01-01

Introduction We aimed to describe the burden of fires in displaced persons settlements and identify interventions/innovations that might address gaps in current humanitarian guidelines. Methods We performed a systematic review of: i) academic and non-academic literature databases; and ii) guidelines from leading humanitarian agencies/initiatives regarding fire prevention/control. Results Of the 1,521 records retrieved, 131 reports described settlement fires in 31 hosting countries since 1990. These incidents resulted in 487 deaths, 790 burn injuries, displacement of 382,486 individuals and destruction of 50,509 shelters. There was a 25-fold increase in the rate of settlement fires from 1990 to 2015 (0.002 to 0.051 per 100,000 refugees, respectively). Only 4 of the 15 leading humanitarian agencies provided recommendations about fire prevention/control strategies. Potentially useful interventions/innovations included safer stoves (e.g. solar cookers) and fire retardant shelter materials. Conclusion The large and increasing number of fires in displaced persons settlements highlights the need to redress gaps in humanitarian fire prevention/control guidelines. The way forward includes: i) developing consensus among aid agencies regarding fire prevention/control strategies; ii) evaluating the impact of interventions/innovations on the burden of fires; and iii) engaging agencies in a broader discussion about protecting camp residents from armed groups. PMID:26818955

Fires in refugee and displaced persons settlements: The current situation and opportunities to improve fire prevention and control.

PubMed

Kazerooni, Yasaman; Gyedu, Adam; Burnham, Gilbert; Nwomeh, Benedict; Charles, Anthony; Mishra, Brijesh; Kuah, Solomon S; Kushner, Adam L; Stewart, Barclay T

2016-08-01

We aimed to describe the burden of fires in displaced persons settlements and identify interventions/innovations that might address gaps in current humanitarian guidelines. We performed a systematic review of: (i) academic and non-academic literature databases; and (ii) guidelines from leading humanitarian agencies/initiatives regarding fire prevention/control. Of the 1521 records retrieved, 131 reports described settlement fires in 31 hosting countries since 1990. These incidents resulted in 487 deaths, 790 burn injuries, displacement of 382,486 individuals and destruction of 50,509 shelters. There was a 25-fold increase in the rate of settlement fires from 1990 to 2015 (0.002-0.051 per 100,000 refugees, respectively). Only 4 of the 15 leading humanitarian agencies provided recommendations about fire prevention/control strategies. Potentially useful interventions/innovations included safer stoves (e.g. solar cookers) and fire retardant shelter materials. The large and increasing number of fires in displaced persons settlements highlights the need to redress gaps in humanitarian fire prevention/control guidelines. The way forward includes: (i) developing consensus among aid agencies regarding fire prevention/control strategies; (ii) evaluating the impact of interventions/innovations on the burden of fires; and (iii) engaging agencies in a broader discussion about protecting camp residents from armed groups. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.

Evolutionary transformation of communal thermal-power engineering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakorchevskii, A. I.

2013-01-01

A solution is given to the problem of heat supply to multi-storied residential and office buildings with the use of solar insolation as the principal energy source making it possible to do away with the district heating of towns and settlements and to reduce expenditure of energy on heating and hot water supply by more than 85%.

Feasibility study of dish/stirling power systems in Turkey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zilanlı, Gülin Acarol; Eray, Aynur

2017-06-01

In this study, two different commercial dish/stirling systems, SES (Stirling Energy Systems) and WGA-ADDS (WGAssociates - Advanced Dish Development System), are modeled using the "System Advisor Model" (SAM) modeling software in designated settlement areas. Both systems are modeled for the US state of Albuquerque, where they were designed, and Turkish provinces of Ankara, Van, Muğla, Mersin, Urfa and Konya. At first, the dish/stirling system is optimized according to the power output values and the system loss parameters. Then, the layout of the solar field is designed with an installed capacity of 600kW both of SES and WGA-ADDS systems, Upon securing the most suitable layout, the system is modeled for the aforementioned settlements using the optimum output values gathered from the parametric analysis. As a result of the simulation studies, the applicability of this model is discussed according to the power output and the efficiency. Although Turkey is located in an area called "the sun belt" where solar energy technologies can be used, there is no advanced application of these systems. This study aims to discuss the application of these systems in detail and to pave the way for future studies in this field.

Possible Applications of Photoautotrophic Biotechnologies at Lunar Settlements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McKay, David S.; Allen, Carl; Jones, J. A.; Bayless, D.; Brown, I.; Sarkisova, S.; Garrison, D.

2007-01-01

The most ambitious goal of the Vision of Space Exploration is to extend human presence across the solar system. Today, however, missions would have to bring all of the propellant, air, food, water, habitable volumes and shielding needed to sustain settlers beyond Earth. That is why resources for propellants, life support and construction of support systems and habitats must be found in space and utilized if humans hope to ever explore and colonize the solar system. The life support, fuel production and material processing systems currently proposed for spaceflight are essentially disconnected. Only traditional crop production has been proposed as a segment for bioregenerative life support systems, although the efficiency of higher plants for air regeneration is generally low. Thus, the investigation of air bioregeneration techniques based on the activity of photosynthetic organisms with higher rates of CO2 scrubbing and O2 release is very timely and important. Future systems for organic waste utilization in space may also benefit from the use of specific microorganisms. This janitorial job is efficiently carried out by microbes on Earth, which drive and connect different elemental cycles. It is likely that environmental control and life support systems based on bioregeneration will be capable of converting both organic and inorganic components of the waste at lunar settlements into edible biomass. The most challenging technologies for future lunar settlements are the extraction of elements (e.g. Fe, O, Si, etc) from local rocks for industrial feedstocks and the production of propellants. While such extraction can be accomplished by purely inorganic processes, the high energy requirements of such processes motivates the search for alternative technologies with lower energy requirements and appropriate efficiency. Well-developed terrestrial industrial biotechnologies for metals extraction and conversion could therefore be the prototypes for extraterrestrial biometallurgy.

Remote Sensing Assessment of Lunar Resources: We Know Where to Go to Find What We Need

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gillis, J. J.; Taylor, G. J.; Lucey, P. G.

2004-01-01

The utilization of space resources is necessary to not only foster the growth of human activities in space, but is essential to the President s vision of a "sustained and affordable human and robotic program to explore the solar system and beyond." The distribution of resources will shape planning permanent settlements by affecting decisions about where to locate a settlement. Mapping the location of such resources, however, is not the limiting factor in selecting a site for a lunar base. It is indecision about which resources to use that leaves the location uncertain. A wealth of remotely sensed data exists that can be used to identify targets for future detailed exploration. Thus, the future of space resource utilization pre-dominantly rests upon developing a strategy for resource exploration and efficient methods of extraction.

Symposium on Space Industrialization, Huntsville, Ala., May 26, 27, 1976, Proceedings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

Space habitats are considered, with attention given the evolution of space station systems, space station habitability, space settlement planning methodology, and orbital assembly. Various aspects of the Space Transportation System are discussed, including Shuttle booster/propulsion growth concept, advanced earth orbital transportation systems technology, single-stage-to-orbit vehicles and aeromaneuvering orbit transfer vehicles. Materials processing in space is examined, with emphasis on biological materials, metallurgical materials, the uses of space ultrahigh vacuum, and extraterrestrial mining and industrial processing. Solar space power is investigated, with attention given the potential of satellite solar power stations, thermal engine power satellites and microwave power transmission to earth. Individual items are announced in this issue.

Modelling of Lunar Dust and Electrical Field for Future Lunar Surface Measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Yunlong

Modelling of the lunar dust and electrical field is important to future human and robotic activities on the surface of the moon. Apollo astronauts had witnessed the maintaining of micron- and millimeter sized moon dust up to meters level while walked on the surface of the moon. The characterizations of the moon dust would enhance not only the scientific understanding of the history of the moon but also the future technology development for the surface operations on the moon. It has been proposed that the maintaining and/or settlement of the small-sized dry dust are related to the size and weight of the dust particles, the level of the surface electrical fields on the moon, and the impaction and interaction between lunar regolith and the solar particles. The moon dust distributions and settlements obviously affected the safety of long term operations of future lunar facilities. For the modelling of the lunar dust and the electrical field, we analyzed the imaging of the legs of the moon lander, the cover and the footwear of the space suits, and the envelope of the lunar mobiles, and estimated the size and charges associated with the small moon dust particles, the gravity and charging effects to them along with the lunar surface environment. We also did numerical simulation of the surface electrical fields due to the impaction of the solar winds in several conditions. The results showed that the maintaining of meters height of the micron size of moon dust is well related to the electrical field and the solar angle variations, as expected. These results could be verified and validated through future on site and/or remote sensing measurements and observations of the moon dust and the surface electrical field.

Lunar subsurface architecture enhanced by artificial biosphere concepts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Klassi, Jason D.; Rocha, Carlos J.; Carr, Charles A.

1992-01-01

The integration of artificial biosphere technology with subselene architecture can create a life-enhancing, productive habitat that is safe from solar radiation and extreme temperature fluctuations while maximizing resources brought from Earth and derived from lunar regolith. In the short term, the resulting biotectural (biosphere and architectural) designs will not only make the structures more habitable, productive, and manageable, but will ultimately provide the self-sufficiency factors necessary for the mature lunar settlement. From a long-term perspective, this biotecture approach to astronautics and extraterrestrial development (1) helps reduce mass lift requirements, (2) contributes to habitat self-sufficiency, and (3) actualizes at least one philosophy of solar system exploration, which is to exploit nonterrestrial resources in an effort to conserve our natural resources on this planet.

Feasibility Study for Paragon - Bisti Solar Ranch

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Benally, Thomas

2015-06-01

The Navajo Hopi Land Commission Office (NHLCO) and Navajo Nation (NN) plan to develop renewable energy (RE) projects on the Paragon-Bisti Ranch (PBR) lands, set aside under the Navajo Hopi Land Settlement Act (NHLSA) for the benefit of Relocatees. This feasibility study (FS), which was funded under a grant from DOE’s Tribal Energy Program (TEP), was prepared in order to explore the development of the 22,000-acre PBR in northwestern New Mexico for solar energy facilities. Topics covered include: • Site Selection • Analysis of RE, and a Preliminary Design • Transmission, Interconnection Concerns and Export Markets • Financial and Economicmore » Analysis • Environmental Study • Socioeconomic and Cultural Factors • Next Steps.« less

Open System Architecture design for planet surface systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Petri, D. A.; Pieniazek, L. A.; Toups, L. D.

1992-01-01

The Open System Architecture is an approach to meeting the needs for flexibility and evolution of the U.S. Space Exploration Initiative program of the manned exploration of the solar system and its permanent settlement. This paper investigates the issues that future activities of the planet exploration program must confront, defines the basic concepts that provide the basis for establishing an Open System Architecture, identifies the appropriate features of such an architecture, and discusses examples of Open System Architectures.

New Zealand Astronomy and the 9 September 1885 Total Solar Eclipse

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Orchiston, Wayne; Rowe, Glen

The second half of the nineteenth century saw a blossoming of interest in solar eclipses as astronomers tried to establish whether the corona was a solar, lunar or terrestrial phenomenon, and as they investigated the nature of the corona, the chromosphere and prominences. Critical in these investigations were astronomy's newest allies: photography and spectroscopy. Photography was used with great effectiveness throughout the half century, but spectroscopy was first applied during the `Indian eclipse' of 1868. Thereafter, almost every total solar eclipse was subjected to scrutiny, the intensity of which depended upon the duration of the eclipse and the location of its path of totality. The first total solar eclipse visible from New Zealand following European settlement occurred on 9 September 1885, and attracted the attention of professional scientists and amateur astronomers. The centre of the path of totality extended from West Wanganui Inlet on the far northern reaches of the west coast of the South Island to Castle Point on the Wairarapa Coast, and a total eclipse was visible from population centres like Collingwood, Nelson, Picton, Wellington, Otaki, Palmerston North, Wanganui and throughout the Wairarapa. In this chapter we examine this eclipse, in the context of New Zealand astronomy and the international development of solar physics.

The Climatic Observatory of the Karst (O.C.C.), a scientific facility within an important tourist framework

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Colucci, R. R.; Micheletti, S.; Fabbo, R.

2009-09-01

The Climatic Observatory of the Karst, officially inaugurated on 2nd October, 2008, is born in the same place of the historical headquarter of the Borgo Grotta Gigante Meteorological Office, which was set up in 1966 and has been officially operating since 1st January, 1967. The meteorological facilities and the weather office are located on the premises of the visitor centre of "Grotta Gigante”, which is a very popular karstic cave of Trieste, visited each year by at least 70k people. The privileged position induced the promoters of this initiative to think about an integrated meteorological multilanguages system for the visitors. This system provides in real time weather forecasts and meteorological data and, at the same time, general tourist information as well. The synergic cooperation of various Scientific Organizations, which are involved in climatic research at the Borgo Grotta Gigante Climatic Observatory of the Karst, makes possible the realization of this project: "E.Boegan” Cave Commission of S.A.G. (the administrative body); ARPA-OSMER, the Friuli Venezia-Giulia Meteorological Observatory of the Regional Agency of the Environmental Protection, (which manages the automatic station, broadcasts and publishes data in real time and forecasts in the visitors waiting room); C.N.R.-I.S.M.A.R., the Marine Science Institute in Trieste of the National Research Council of Italy (which manages and maintains mechanical instruments, publishes data and carries out checks, files data and publishes reports); U.M.F.V.G., the Friuli Venezia Giulia Meteorological Union (which is involved in scientific dissemination activity and web sharing of information); the Environmental and Public Works Section and Water Service of the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region (water resources monitoring). Moreover one of the main characteristic of the Observatory, also because of didactic reasons, is to maintain the traditional mechanical-analogue part of data collection, carried out by observers, alongside the electronic sensors. This factor is essential for the continuity and the homogeneity of historical series and it distinguishes the observatory from a normal weather station. The data collected is published annually in the "Osservazioni meteoriche" magazine, a publication edited by CGEB as a supplement to the scientific journal "Atti e memorie", which is sent to various Public Authorities, Scientific Organizations, libraries and anyone who applies for it.

The ancient harbour system of Terracina (Latium, Italy) obtained by gravity survey.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

di Nezza, M.; di Filippo, M.

2009-04-01

Historical research has shown that Terracina (Latina, Latium) played a fundamental role in the maritime and land traffic since before the foundation of the colony. The settlement was established where the organized system of maritime, land, coastal, and fluvial transport had the most ideal conditions to constitute an important commercial crossroads, apparently since the beginning of recorded history. In order to reconstruction the buried archaeological structures attributed to the ancient Roman port, traditionally attributed to Traiano, in the current area of the harbour of Terracina, it was carried out a gravity survey, more than 380 gravity stations. This method enables to recognize the cavity and the structures of the buildings underground through the results of variations density in the subsoil. In the residual gravity anomaly map a series of positive anomalies are visible which confirm the round structures and the pier of the buried foundations of the Imperial harbour. Unfortunately, little remains of the functioning facilities of the harbour's activities. The modern construction of the harbour, in fact, has to be developed around the new inhabitable commercial area, know today as Terracina Bassa or Borgo alla Marina. It had to be developed with a modern infrastructure of a harbor area, as in the construction of the rooms for storage of goods, warehouses, as well as for the thermal baths, hotels and amphitheatre. Furthermore, there are always the positive anomalies that characterize the area to the north-east of "Montone" hill where archaeological remains are easily visible near Via Lungolinea Pio VI. A large negative anomaly is situated in correspondence with "Montone". Gravity information shows an average density of the hill approximately 1.10 g/cm3, notably less than the recorded data relative to dry sand, approximately 1.6 g/cm3. The low value founds hits at the possibility of an "emptiness" in the subsoil of "Montone" hill, attribuiting to the possible ancient buried constructions (the rooms for storage of goods and warehouses). The sandy covering would therefore be natural from aeolian origins, like all the dunes present along this area near the southern coast of Latium. This hypothesis is in contrast to the information recorded from 1600 that attributes the formation of the reliefs accumulated to sand having been dredged up from the harbour.

Colonization of Venus

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Landis, Geoffrey A.

2003-01-01

Although the surface of Venus is an extremely hostile environment, at about 50 kilometers above the surface the atmosphere of Venus is the most earthlike environment (other than Earth itself) in the solar system. It is proposed here that in the near term, human exploration of Venus could take place from aerostat vehicles in the atmosphere, and that in the long term, permanent settlements could be made in the form of cities designed to float at about fifty kilometer altitude in the atmosphere of Venus.

Estimates of expansion time scales. [Settlement of Galaxy by spacefaring civilization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jones, E.M.

1979-01-01

Monte Carlo simulations of the expansion of a spacefaring civilization show that descendants of that civilization should be found near virtually every useful star in the Galaxy in a time much less than the current age of the Galaxy. Only extreme assumptions about local population growth rates, emigration rates, or ship ranges can slow or halt an expansion. The apparent absence of extraterrestrials from the solar system suggests that no such civilization has arisen in the Galaxy. 1 figure.

Eigg, Scotland

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-01-10

The island of Eigg is one of the small isles in the Scottish Inner Hebrides, south of the Skye peninsula. The main settlement of the 31 km2 island is Cleadale. In 2008, Eigg began a project to become completely energy self-sufficient. Using a combination of wind, water and solar, the population of about 90 now has 24-hour power. The image was acquired 18 September 2015, covers an area of 9.2 by 10.8 km, and is located at 57 degrees north, 6.2 degrees west. https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA22164

Molecular Nanotechnology and Space Settlement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Globus, Al; Saini, Subhash (Technical Monitor)

1998-01-01

Atomically precise manipulation of matter is becoming increasingly common in laboratories around the world. As this control moves into aerospace systems, huge improvements in computers, high-strength materials, and other systems are expected. For example, studies suggest that it may be possible to build: 10(exp 18) MIPS computers, 10(exp 15) bytes/sq cm write once memory, $153-412/kg-of-cargo single- stage-to-orbit launch vehicles and active materials which sense their environment and react intelligently. All of NASA's enterprises should benefit significantly from molecular nanotechnology. Although the time may be measured in decades and the precise path to molecular nanotechnology is unclear, all paths (diamondoid, fullerene, self-assembly, biomolecular, etc.) will require very substantial computation. This talk will discuss fullerene nanotechnology and early work on hypothetical active materials consisting of large numbers of identical machines. The speaker will also discuss aerospace applications, particularly missions leading to widespread space settlement (e.g., small near-Earth - object retrieval). It is interesting to note that control of the tiny - individual atoms and molecules - may lead to colonization of the huge -first the solar system, then the galaxy.

System Analysis and Evaluation of Greenhouse Modules within Moon/Mars Habitats

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prasad Nagendra, Narayan; Schubert, Daniel; Zabel, Paul

2012-07-01

Long term settlement on different planets of the solar system is a fascination for mankind. Some researchers contemplate that planetary settlement is a necessity for the survival of the human race over millions of years. The generation of food for self sufficiency in space or on planetary bases is a vital part of this vision of space habitation. The amount of mass that can be transported in deep space missions is constrained by the launcher capability and its costs. The space community has proposed and designed various greenhouse modules to cater to human culinary requirements and act as part of life support systems. A survey of the different greenhouse space concepts and terrestrial test facilities is presented, drawing a list of measurable factors (e.g. growth area, power consumption, human activity index, etc.) for the evaluation of greenhouse modules. These factors include tangible and intangible parameters that have been used in the development of an evaluation method on greenhouse concepts as a subsystem of planetary habitats at the DLR Institute of Space Systems, Bremen.

The resources of Mars for human settlement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meyer, T. R.; McKay, C. P.

1989-04-01

Spacecraft exploration of Marshas shown that the essential resources necessary for life support are present on the Martian surface. The key life-support compounds O2, N2, and H2O are available on Mars. The soil could be used as radiation shielding and could provide many useful industrial and construction materials. Compounds with high chemical energy, such as rocket fuels, can be manufactured in-situ on Mars. Solar power, and possibly wind power, are available and practical on Mars. Preliminary engineering studies indicate that fairly autonomous processes can be designed to extract and stockpile Martian consumables.

What is the Value of Space Exploration? A Prairie Perspective

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1995-01-01

Within the span of a single generation the purpose, form and mission of the United States civil space program has changed radically. Demonstrating technological superiority through a lunar landing has given way to an, as yet unclear agenda. Although hazy, the rough features of a 21st century program are discernable: it must be cost effective; economically, as well as, politically driven; and, international. Less clear are the missions. Will they include human habitation of cislunar space and the solar system? Earth observations? Planetary discovery? A Mars settlement? Perhaps, some of each? And if so, in what balance?

The resources of Mars for human settlement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meyer, Thomas R.; Mckay, Christopher P.

1989-01-01

Spacecraft exploration of Marshas shown that the essential resources necessary for life support are present on the Martian surface. The key life-support compounds O2, N2, and H2O are available on Mars. The soil could be used as radiation shielding and could provide many useful industrial and construction materials. Compounds with high chemical energy, such as rocket fuels, can be manufactured in-situ on Mars. Solar power, and possibly wind power, are available and practical on Mars. Preliminary engineering studies indicate that fairly autonomous processes can be designed to extract and stockpile Martian consumables.

Do Cues Matter? Highly Inductive Settlement Cues Don't Ensure High Post-Settlement Survival in Sea Urchin Aquaculture

PubMed Central

Mos, Benjamin; Cowden, Kenneth L.; Nielsen, Shaun J.; Dworjanyn, Symon A.

2011-01-01

Increasing settlement and post-settlement survival during the critical transition from planktonic larvae to benthic juveniles will increase efficiency for sea urchin aquaculture. This study investigated the effects of temperature and settlement cues on the settlement and post-settlement survival of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla during this phase. The current commercial methodology, which utilises natural biofilm settlement plates, was tested and resulted in low settlement (<2%) and poor post-settlement survival (<1% of settled urchins). In laboratory trials, settlement was high and unaffected by temperatures between 24 and 30°C, but significantly decreased at 33°C. Development of spines, however, was significantly affected by temperatures over 29°C. Mirroring this result, post-settlement survival was optimal between 24–28°C. In laboratory assays, the macroalgae Sargassum linearifolium and Corallina officinalis, and seawater conditioned with these algae, induced significantly higher settlement (>90%) than a natural biofilm (∼25%). The addition of macroalgae-conditioned seawater to natural biofilm significantly increased settlement rates (>85%). Mixed consortia and single strains of bacteria isolated from macroalgae, biofilms and adult conspecifics all induced significant settlement, but at significantly lower rates than macroalgae. No evidence was found that higher rates of settlement to bacteria on macroalgae were generated by a cofactor from the macroalgae. Age of bacterial cultures, culturing bacteria on solid and liquid media and concentration of nutrients in cultures had little effect on settlement rates. Finally, macroalgae-conditioned seawater combined with natural biofilm settlement plates induced significantly higher settlement than to the biofilm plates alone in a commercial scale trial. However, high post-settlement mortality resulted in equivalent survival between treatments after 25 days. This study highlights that settlement studies should extend to post-settlement survival, which remains poor for T. gratilla and is a significant obstacle to increasing efficiency for aquaculture. PMID:22162755

15 CFR 785.17 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlement. 785.17 Section 785.17... Settlement. (a) Settlements before issuance of a NOVA. When the parties have agreed to a settlement of the case prior to issuance of a NOVA, a settlement proposal consisting of a settlement agreement and order...

Screens as light biological variable in microgravitational space environment.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schlacht, S.; Masali, M.

Foreword The ability of the biological organisms to orient themselves and to synchronize on the variations of the solar rhythms is a fundamental aspect in the planning of the human habitat above all when habitat is confined in the Space the planetary and in satellite outer space settlements In order to simulate the experience of the astronauts in long duration missions one of the dominant characteristics of the Space confined habitats is the absence of the earthlings solar cycles references The Sun is the main references and guidelines of the biological compass and timepiece The organism functions are influenced from the variation of the light in the round of the 24 hours the human circadian rhythms In these habitats it is therefore necessary to reproduce the color and intensity of the solar light variations along the arc of the day according to defined scientific programs assuring a better performance of the human organism subsubsection Multilayer Foldable Screens as biological environmental variable In the project Multilayer Foldable Screens are the monitors posed in the ceiling of an Outer Space habitat and are made of liquid crystals and covered with Kevlar they stand for a modulate and flexible structure for different arrangements and different visions Screens work sout s on all the solar light frequencies and display the images that the subject needs They are characterized from the emission of an environmental light that restores the earthly solar cycle for intensity and color temperature to irradiate

Can we colonize the solar system? Human biology and survival in the extreme space environment.

PubMed

Launius, Roger D

2010-09-01

Throughout the history of the space age the dominant vision for the future has been great spaceships plying the solar system, and perhaps beyond, moving living beings from one planet to another. Spacesuited astronauts would carry out exploration, colonization, and settlement as part of a relentlessly forward looking movement of humanity beyond Earth. As time has progressed this image has not changed appreciably even as the full magnitude of the challenges it represents have become more and more apparent. This essay explores the issues associated with the human movement beyond Earth and raises questions about whether humanity will ever be able to survive in the extreme environment of space and the other bodies of the solar system. This paper deals with important historical episodes as well as wider conceptual issues about life in space. Two models of expansion beyond Earth are discussed: (1) the movement of microbes and other types of life on Earth that can survive the space environment and (2) the modification of humans into cyborgs for greater capability to survive in the extreme environments encountered beyond this planet. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Safety and Liability Aspects of Solar Power Satellites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jakhu, Ram S.; Howard, Diane

2010-09-01

It is an undisputed fact that the global need for energy will grow exponentially in the future and the search for alternative energy sources will intensify. One alternative source will be space based solar power(SSP), to be collected in space and transmitted to Earth by solar power satellites(SPS). As the appropriate technology becomes proven, the economic and operational viability for the launch of SPS system(s) will, to a large extent, depend upon favorable political and legal determinants. One of such determinants relates to safety risks and possible liability of the operator(s) of SPS system(s). This paper identifies safety risks of, and analyses liability for, damage caused by SPS. Issues, specifically analyzed mainly under international law, include damage caused(in outer space, in the air and on the Earth) by electronic transmission, and mechanisms to manage liability including inter alia insurance coverage, waivers of liability, and dispute settlement mechanisms. The paper contains recommendations for the concerned governments(and their respective private entities) to take regulatory precautions in order to avoid the risks of possible liability and thereby enhances the chances for launch and operation of SPS system(s).

Colonizing the Plutoids: The Key to Human Expansion into the Galaxy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roy, K. I.; Kennedy, R. G.; Fields, D. E.

Pluto-type worlds (plutoids) are far more numerous in our solar system than initially thought with hundreds, maybe thousands, of them existing in the Kuiper belt and Oort cloud. Other stars are likely to also possess many such worlds. These worlds possess almost limitless quantities of water and substantial quantities of nitrogen, which are two limiting ingredients necessary for terraforming planets in the inner solar system. Assuming that faster-than-light travel is impractical, that artificial gravity is only possible via circular motion, that humans remain basically unchanged, and that humanity's expansion into the solar system and beyond is desirable, then exploiting the resources of, and establishing bases and even colonies on, icy plutoids may become essential for human expansion into space. Such colonies face problems involving gravity, radiation, energy supply and complex ecologies. This paper attempts to address those issues and outline what such colonies might look like. This type of colony offers humanity, and perhaps other species, the ability to establish settlements at otherwise undesirable locations, including red and brown dwarf stars. Such colonies could even be established in orphan planets in interstellar space, far from any star.

W.W.W. MOON? The why, what and when of a permanent manned lunar colony.

PubMed

Morabito, Maurizio

2005-01-01

Several reasons for going back to the Moon are listed: scientific study of our natural satellite, Earth and in general the Solar System; exploitation of the resources of Outer Space; geopolitical considerations that made Apollo possible and are still valid in the long term; advancement of manned spaceflight, as robot-based exploration is time-wise inefficient and politically negligible. Technological, organisational and legal challenges are then outlined. After a discussion of human physiology, building materials and transportation of people and goods, an underground polar location is proposed as settlement site, either within kilometre-size lava tubes or man-made caves. An analysis of spaceflight history is conducted to determine a target date for returning to the Moon to stay. In the absence of political or commercial competition, experience indicates the last decades of the XXI century. To shorten this timescale, it is recommended to focus on accomplishing the task of establishing a reliable lunar travel and settlement system, rather than developing new technologies: simplifying the goals of each single step forward (as was the case of the Clementine mission) and concentrating on production-ready (or almost-ready) equipment (compare the ill-fated X-33 to the dependable Soyuz capsules).

Settlement-Size Scaling among Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherer Settlement Systems in the New World

PubMed Central

Haas, W. Randall; Klink, Cynthia J.; Maggard, Greg J.; Aldenderfer, Mark S.

2015-01-01

Settlement size predicts extreme variation in the rates and magnitudes of many social and ecological processes in human societies. Yet, the factors that drive human settlement-size variation remain poorly understood. Size variation among economically integrated settlements tends to be heavy tailed such that the smallest settlements are extremely common and the largest settlements extremely large and rare. The upper tail of this size distribution is often formalized mathematically as a power-law function. Explanations for this scaling structure in human settlement systems tend to emphasize complex socioeconomic processes including agriculture, manufacturing, and warfare—behaviors that tend to differentially nucleate and disperse populations hierarchically among settlements. But, the degree to which heavy-tailed settlement-size variation requires such complex behaviors remains unclear. By examining the settlement patterns of eight prehistoric New World hunter-gatherer settlement systems spanning three distinct environmental contexts, this analysis explores the degree to which heavy-tailed settlement-size scaling depends on the aforementioned socioeconomic complexities. Surprisingly, the analysis finds that power-law models offer plausible and parsimonious statistical descriptions of prehistoric hunter-gatherer settlement-size variation. This finding reveals that incipient forms of hierarchical settlement structure may have preceded socioeconomic complexity in human societies and points to a need for additional research to explicate how mobile foragers came to exhibit settlement patterns that are more commonly associated with hierarchical organization. We propose that hunter-gatherer mobility with preferential attachment to previously occupied locations may account for the observed structure in site-size variation. PMID:26536241

Space law and space resources

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goldman, Nathan C.

1992-01-01

Space industrialization is confronting space law with problems that are changing old and shaping new legal principles. The return to the Moon, the next logical step beyond the space station, will establish a permanent human presence there. Science and engineering, manufacturing and mining will involve the astronauts in the settlement of the solar system. These pioneers, from many nations, will need a legal, political, and social framework to structure their lives and interactions. International and even domestic space law are only the beginning of this framework. Dispute resolution and simple experience will be needed in order to develop, over time, a new social system for the new regime of space.

Proceedings of the Next Generation Exploration Conference

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schingler, Robbie (Editor); Lynch, Kennda

2006-01-01

The Next Generation Exploration Conference (NGEC) brought together the emerging next generation of space leaders over three intensive days of collaboration and planning. The participants extended the ongoing work of national space agencies to draft a common strategic framework for lunar exploration, to include other destinations in the solar system. NGEC is the first conference to bring together emerging leaders to comment on and contribute to these activities. The majority of the three-day conference looked beyond the moon and focused on the "next destination": Asteroids, Cis-Lunar, Earth 3.0, Mars Science and Exploration, Mars Settlement and Society, and Virtual Worlds and Virtual Exploration.

29 CFR 102.151 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Settlement. 102.151 Section 102.151 Labor Regulations... Expenses § 102.151 Settlement. The applicant and the General Counsel may agree on a proposed settlement of... on a proposed settlement of an award before an application has been filed, the proposed settlement...

17 CFR 10.108 - Settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Settlements. 10.108 Section 10... to the Commission; Settlements § 10.108 Settlements. (a) When offers may be made. Parties may at any time during the course of the proceeding propose offers of settlement. All offers of settlement shall...

24 CFR 180.445 - Settlement negotiations before a settlement judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Settlement negotiations before a... Proceedings Prior to Hearing § 180.445 Settlement negotiations before a settlement judge. (a) Appointment of... of the Office of Hearings and Appeals to appoint another ALJ to conduct settlement negotiations. The...

24 CFR 180.445 - Settlement negotiations before a settlement judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Settlement negotiations before a... Proceedings Prior to Hearing § 180.445 Settlement negotiations before a settlement judge. (a) Appointment of... of the Office of Hearings and Appeals to appoint another ALJ to conduct settlement negotiations. The...

18 CFR 385.603 - Settlement of negotiations before a settlement judge (Rule 603).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... negotiations before a settlement judge (Rule 603). 385.603 Section 385.603 Conservation of Power and Water... PROCEDURE Conferences, Settlements, and Stipulations § 385.603 Settlement of negotiations before a... administrative law judge appointed by the Chief Administrative Law Judge to conduct settlement negotiations under...

18 CFR 385.603 - Settlement of negotiations before a settlement judge (Rule 603).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... negotiations before a settlement judge (Rule 603). 385.603 Section 385.603 Conservation of Power and Water... PROCEDURE Conferences, Settlements, and Stipulations § 385.603 Settlement of negotiations before a... administrative law judge appointed by the Chief Administrative Law Judge to conduct settlement negotiations under...

24 CFR 180.445 - Settlement negotiations before a settlement judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Settlement negotiations before a... Proceedings Prior to Hearing § 180.445 Settlement negotiations before a settlement judge. (a) Appointment of... of the Office of Hearings and Appeals to appoint another ALJ to conduct settlement negotiations. The...

24 CFR 180.445 - Settlement negotiations before a settlement judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Settlement negotiations before a... Proceedings Prior to Hearing § 180.445 Settlement negotiations before a settlement judge. (a) Appointment of... of the Office of Hearings and Appeals to appoint another ALJ to conduct settlement negotiations. The...

18 CFR 385.603 - Settlement of negotiations before a settlement judge (Rule 603).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... negotiations before a settlement judge (Rule 603). 385.603 Section 385.603 Conservation of Power and Water... PROCEDURE Conferences, Settlements, and Stipulations § 385.603 Settlement of negotiations before a... administrative law judge appointed by the Chief Administrative Law Judge to conduct settlement negotiations under...

24 CFR 180.445 - Settlement negotiations before a settlement judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Settlement negotiations before a... Proceedings Prior to Hearing § 180.445 Settlement negotiations before a settlement judge. (a) Appointment of... of the Office of Hearings and Appeals to appoint another ALJ to conduct settlement negotiations. The...

18 CFR 385.603 - Settlement of negotiations before a settlement judge (Rule 603).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... negotiations before a settlement judge (Rule 603). 385.603 Section 385.603 Conservation of Power and Water... PROCEDURE Conferences, Settlements, and Stipulations § 385.603 Settlement of negotiations before a... administrative law judge appointed by the Chief Administrative Law Judge to conduct settlement negotiations under...

18 CFR 385.603 - Settlement of negotiations before a settlement judge (Rule 603).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... negotiations before a settlement judge (Rule 603). 385.603 Section 385.603 Conservation of Power and Water... PROCEDURE Conferences, Settlements, and Stipulations § 385.603 Settlement of negotiations before a... administrative law judge appointed by the Chief Administrative Law Judge to conduct settlement negotiations under...

33 CFR 20.502 - Settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Settlements. 20.502 Section 20... Settlements § 20.502 Settlements. (a) The parties may submit a proposed settlement to the ALJ. (b) The proposed settlement must be in the form of a proposed decision, accompanied by a motion for its entry. The...

29 CFR 18.9 - Consent order or settlement; settlement judge procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... shall not be appointed when— (i) A party objects to referral of the matter to a settlement judge; (ii... as the Black Lung Benefits Act. (3) Selection of settlement judge. (i) The selection of a settlement...

29 CFR 18.9 - Consent order or settlement; settlement judge procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... shall not be appointed when— (i) A party objects to referral of the matter to a settlement judge; (ii... as the Black Lung Benefits Act. (3) Selection of settlement judge. (i) The selection of a settlement...

29 CFR 18.9 - Consent order or settlement; settlement judge procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... shall not be appointed when— (i) A party objects to referral of the matter to a settlement judge; (ii... as the Black Lung Benefits Act. (3) Selection of settlement judge. (i) The selection of a settlement...

29 CFR 18.9 - Consent order or settlement; settlement judge procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... shall not be appointed when— (i) A party objects to referral of the matter to a settlement judge; (ii... as the Black Lung Benefits Act. (3) Selection of settlement judge. (i) The selection of a settlement...

29 CFR 18.9 - Consent order or settlement; settlement judge procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... shall not be appointed when— (i) A party objects to referral of the matter to a settlement judge; (ii... as the Black Lung Benefits Act. (3) Selection of settlement judge. (i) The selection of a settlement...

16 CFR 1025.26 - Settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlements. 1025.26 Section 1025.26... PROCEEDINGS Prehearing Procedures, Motions, Interlocutory Appeals, Summary Judgments, Settlements § 1025.26 Settlements. (a) Availability. Any party shall have the opportunity to submit an offer of settlement to the...

48 CFR 49.108 - Settlement of subcontract settlement proposals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Settlement of subcontract settlement proposals. 49.108 Section 49.108 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 49.108 Settlement of subcontract...

7 CFR 1956.102 - Application of policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Community and Business Programs § 1956.102 Application of policies. (a) General. If a debt is eligible for settlement, the debt settlement authorities of... in connection with debt settlement will adhere strictly to the authorizations, requirements, and...

7 CFR 1956.102 - Application of policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Community and Business Programs § 1956.102 Application of policies. (a) General. If a debt is eligible for settlement, the debt settlement authorities of... in connection with debt settlement will adhere strictly to the authorizations, requirements, and...

7 CFR 1956.102 - Application of policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Community and Business Programs § 1956.102 Application of policies. (a) General. If a debt is eligible for settlement, the debt settlement authorities of... in connection with debt settlement will adhere strictly to the authorizations, requirements, and...

7 CFR 1956.102 - Application of policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Community and Business Programs § 1956.102 Application of policies. (a) General. If a debt is eligible for settlement, the debt settlement authorities of... in connection with debt settlement will adhere strictly to the authorizations, requirements, and...

37 CFR 351.7 - Settlement conference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Settlement conference. 351.7... ROYALTY JUDGES RULES AND PROCEDURES PROCEEDINGS § 351.7 Settlement conference. A post-discovery settlement... with the Copyright Royalty Judges a written Joint Settlement Conference Report indicating the extent to...

76 FR 14968 - Proposed CERCLA Administrative Cost Recovery Settlement; Eugenio Painting Company

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-18

... Settlement; Eugenio Painting Company AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency. ACTION: Notice; request for... proposed administrative settlement for recovery of past response costs concerning the Industrial Street... settlement requires the settling party to pay $20,000 to the Hazardous Substance Superfund. The settlement...

29 CFR 2200.100 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Settlement. 2200.100 Section 2200.100 Labor Regulations... Miscellaneous Provisions § 2200.100 Settlement. (a) Policy. Settlement is permitted and encouraged by the... parties include any particular language in a settlement agreement, but does require that the agreement...

7 CFR 1786.32 - Settlement procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlement procedure. 1786.32 Section 1786.32... Settlement procedure. (a) General. Settlements in connection with prepaying FFB loans pursuant to this subpart shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of this section. (b) Settlement Date. The...

Spatial point pattern analysis of human settlements and geographical associations in eastern coastal China - a case study.

PubMed

Zhang, Zhonghao; Xiao, Rui; Shortridge, Ashton; Wu, Jiaping

2014-03-10

Understanding the spatial point pattern of human settlements and their geographical associations are important for understanding the drivers of land use and land cover change and the relationship between environmental and ecological processes on one hand and cultures and lifestyles on the other. In this study, a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach, Ripley's K function and Monte Carlo simulation were used to investigate human settlement point patterns. Remotely sensed tools and regression models were employed to identify the effects of geographical determinants on settlement locations in the Wen-Tai region of eastern coastal China. Results indicated that human settlements displayed regular-random-cluster patterns from small to big scale. Most settlements located on the coastal plain presented either regular or random patterns, while those in hilly areas exhibited a clustered pattern. Moreover, clustered settlements were preferentially located at higher elevations with steeper slopes and south facing aspects than random or regular settlements. Regression showed that influences of topographic factors (elevation, slope and aspect) on settlement locations were stronger across hilly regions. This study demonstrated a new approach to analyzing the spatial patterns of human settlements from a wide geographical prospective. We argue that the spatial point patterns of settlements, in addition to the characteristics of human settlements, such as area, density and shape, should be taken into consideration in the future, and land planners and decision makers should pay more attention to city planning and management. Conceptual and methodological bridges linking settlement patterns to regional and site-specific geographical characteristics will be a key to human settlement studies and planning.

47 CFR 1.1525 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Settlement. 1.1525 Section 1.1525... Settlement. The applicant and Bureau counsel may agree on a proposed settlement of the award before final action on the application, either in connection with a settlement of the underlying proceeding, or after...

7 CFR 1.198 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlement. 1.198 Section 1.198 Agriculture Office of....198 Settlement. The applicant and agency counsel may agree on a proposed settlement of the award before final action on the application, either in connection with a settlement of the underlying...

17 CFR 148.25 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Settlement. 148.25 Section 148... Considering Applications § 148.25 Settlement. The applicant may propose settlement of the award to the Commission before final action on the application, either in connection with a settlement of the adjudicatory...

49 CFR 826.35 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Settlement. 826.35 Section 826.35 Transportation... Settlement. The applicant and agency counsel may agree on a proposed settlement of the award before final action on the application, either in connection with a settlement of the underlying proceeding, or after...

39 CFR 3001.29 - Settlement conferences.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Settlement conferences. 3001.29 Section 3001.29... Applicability § 3001.29 Settlement conferences. Any participant in a proceeding may submit offers of settlement... offers of settlement or adjustment and proposed stipulations not agreed to shall be privileged and shall...

39 CFR 962.26 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Settlement. 962.26 Section 962.26 Postal Service... CIVIL REMEDIES ACT § 962.26 Settlement. (a) Either party may make offers of settlement or proposals of... settlement terms to the Attorney General, as appropriate. [59 FR 51860, Oct. 13, 1994] ...

10 CFR 851.41 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlement. 851.41 Section 851.41 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY WORKER SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM Enforcement Process § 851.41 Settlement. (a) DOE encourages settlement of a proceeding under this subpart at any time if the settlement is consistent with this part. The...

17 CFR 171.12 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Settlement. 171.12 Section 171... RESPONSIBILITY ACTIONS General Provisions § 171.12 Settlement. At any time before the Commission has reached a... settlement agreement. If, in its view, the settlement is consistent with the public interest, the Commission...

24 CFR 14.320 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Settlement. 14.320 Section 14.320... Applications § 14.320 Settlement. The applicant and agency counsel may agree on a proposed settlement of the award before final action on the application, either in connection with a settlement of the underlying...

31 CFR 501.710 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Settlement. 501.710 Section 501.710... the Enemy Act (TWEA) Penalties § 501.710 Settlement. (a) Availability. Either the Director or any..., propose an offer of settlement. The amount accepted in settlement may be less than the civil penalty that...

49 CFR 511.26 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Settlement. 511.26 Section 511.26 Transportation...; Summary Judgment; Settlement § 511.26 Settlement. (a) Applicability. This section applies only to cases of..., 89 Stat. 911 (15 U.S.C. section 2007(3)). Settlement in other cases may be made only in accordance...

10 CFR 12.305 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlement. 12.305 Section 12.305 Energy NUCLEAR... Considering Applications § 12.305 Settlement. The applicant and the NRC counsel may agree on a proposed settlement of the award before final action on the application, either in connection with a settlement of the...

22 CFR 103.9 - Final agency decision after settlement negotiations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Final agency decision after settlement negotiations. 103.9 Section 103.9 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE ECONOMIC AND OTHER FUNCTIONS... settlement negotiations. (a) Settlements based on letter of intent to charge—(1) Approval of settlement...

34 CFR 81.14 - Settlement negotiations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Settlement negotiations. 81.14 Section 81.14 Education... Provisions § 81.14 Settlement negotiations. (a) If the parties to a case file a joint motion requesting a stay of the proceedings for settlement negotiations, or for approval of a settlement agreement, the ALJ...

34 CFR 81.14 - Settlement negotiations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Settlement negotiations. 81.14 Section 81.14 Education... Provisions § 81.14 Settlement negotiations. (a) If the parties to a case file a joint motion requesting a stay of the proceedings for settlement negotiations, or for approval of a settlement agreement, the ALJ...

34 CFR 81.14 - Settlement negotiations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Settlement negotiations. 81.14 Section 81.14 Education... Provisions § 81.14 Settlement negotiations. (a) If the parties to a case file a joint motion requesting a stay of the proceedings for settlement negotiations, or for approval of a settlement agreement, the ALJ...

34 CFR 81.14 - Settlement negotiations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Settlement negotiations. 81.14 Section 81.14 Education... Provisions § 81.14 Settlement negotiations. (a) If the parties to a case file a joint motion requesting a stay of the proceedings for settlement negotiations, or for approval of a settlement agreement, the ALJ...

22 CFR 103.9 - Final agency decision after settlement negotiations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Final agency decision after settlement negotiations. 103.9 Section 103.9 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE ECONOMIC AND OTHER FUNCTIONS... settlement negotiations. (a) Settlements based on letter of intent to charge—(1) Approval of settlement...

34 CFR 81.14 - Settlement negotiations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Settlement negotiations. 81.14 Section 81.14 Education... Provisions § 81.14 Settlement negotiations. (a) If the parties to a case file a joint motion requesting a stay of the proceedings for settlement negotiations, or for approval of a settlement agreement, the ALJ...

22 CFR 103.9 - Final agency decision after settlement negotiations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Final agency decision after settlement negotiations. 103.9 Section 103.9 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE ECONOMIC AND OTHER FUNCTIONS... settlement negotiations. (a) Settlements based on letter of intent to charge—(1) Approval of settlement...

22 CFR 103.9 - Final agency decision after settlement negotiations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Final agency decision after settlement negotiations. 103.9 Section 103.9 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE ECONOMIC AND OTHER FUNCTIONS... settlement negotiations. (a) Settlements based on letter of intent to charge—(1) Approval of settlement...

22 CFR 103.9 - Final agency decision after settlement negotiations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Final agency decision after settlement negotiations. 103.9 Section 103.9 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE ECONOMIC AND OTHER FUNCTIONS... settlement negotiations. (a) Settlements based on letter of intent to charge—(1) Approval of settlement...

26 CFR 157.5891-1 - Imposition of excise tax on structured settlement factoring transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... settlement factoring transactions. 157.5891-1 Section 157.5891-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE... SETTLEMENT FACTORING TRANSACTIONS Tax on Structured Settlement Factoring Transactions § 157.5891-1 Imposition of excise tax on structured settlement factoring transactions. (a) In general. Section 5891 imposes...

7 CFR 1717.1204 - Policies and conditions applicable to settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... GUARANTEED ELECTRIC LOANS Settlement of Debt § 1717.1204 Policies and conditions applicable to settlements. (a) General. Settlement of debts and claims shall be subject to the policies, requirements, and conditions set forth in this section and in § 1717.1202. (b) Need for debt settlement. (1) The Administrator...

An economic assessment of patent settlements in the pharmaceutical industry.

PubMed

Dickey, Bret; Orszag, Jonathan; Tyson, Laura

2010-01-01

This article demonstrates that in recent years, patent settlements between branded and generic manufacturers involving "reverse payments" from branded manufacturers to generic manufacturers have received close antitrust scrutiny, driven by concerns that such settlements harm consumers by delaying the entry of lower-priced generic drugs. The authors note that such settlements will be a focus of the Obama Administration's antitrust enforcement policy, yet there is a growing consensus among the courts that such settlements are anticompetitive only under narrow sets of circumstances. In this article, the authors present an analytical framework for evaluating the competitive effects of patent settlements, including those involving reverse payments, and demonstrate that these settlements can benefit consumers. Thus, the authors conclude that while continued scrutiny of such settlements is important, broad brush treatments are inappropriate and only a more individualized evaluation can correctly determine the competitive effects of a particular settlement agreement.

Exploring variable patterns of density-dependent larval settlement among corals with distinct and shared functional traits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doropoulos, Christopher; Gómez-Lemos, Luis A.; Babcock, Russell C.

2018-03-01

Coral settlement is a key process for the recovery and maintenance of coral reefs, yet interspecific variations in density-dependent settlement are unknown. Settlement of the submassive Goniastrea retiformis and corymbose Acropora digitifera and A. millepora was quantified at densities ranging from 1 to 50 larvae per 20 mL from 110 to 216 h following spawning. Settlement patterns were distinct for each species. Goniastrea settlement was rapid and increased linearly with time, whereas both Acropora spp. hardly settled until crustose coralline algae was provided. Both Goniastrea and A. digitifera showed positive density-dependent settlement, but the relationship was exponential for Goniastrea but linear for A. digitifera. Settlement was highest but density independent in A. millepora. Our results suggest that larval density can have significant effects on settler replenishment, and highlight variability in density-dependent settlement among corals with distinct functional traits as well as those with similar functional forms.

Socio spatial adaptation as a resilience form of native unplanned settlement in confrontation with new planned settlement development pressure (case study: enclave native settlement in Serpong, Tangerang)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ischak, Mohammad; Setioko, Bambang; Nurgandarum, Dedes

2017-12-01

Urban growth refers to expansion of a metropolitan into sub urban areas as the surrounding environment, with no exception of Jakarta city due to limited availability and high price of land within the city. The city of Jakarta, as a metropolitan, carries of expansion in its surrounding environment including Tangerang. Privat developers may an important role in this urban growth through their large scale of new settlement development project. The formation of establishment of enclave native unplanned sub urban settlement scattered within planned new settlement in Tangerang is to be an consequence of Jakarta urban growth. This fenomena could be comprehended as a form of resilience native settlement in confrontation with the new planned settlement pressure. The aim of this research, presented in this paper is to understand the socio-spatial concept of those enclave native settlement as an adaptation form to the new planned settlement pressure. Through descriptive qualitative research method, with indepth interview as a main research instrument, this research could depict or uncover the facts that there are various form of socio-spatial adaptation as the main theme of resilience native suburban settlement formation.

Solar Orientations of Bronze Age Shrines in Gournia, Crete

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Henriksson, G.; Blomberg, M.

2009-08-01

The measurements of orientations at Gournia are part of the Uppsala University project to investigate the nature of Minoan astronomy. The town is typical of Minoan settlements and therefore was chosen for the selection of representative buildings from different kinds of Minoan sites. We use classical archaeoastronomical methods and our own computer programs for calculation of the positions of the sun, moon and stars in the Aegean Bronze Age. We discovered that Gournia is the fourth Minoan site with shrines that are oriented to sunrise at lunar month intervals with respect to the equinoxes. There is also a Mycenaean shrine in the town and we compared its orientation to Mycenaean buildings of the same type in Crete.

Spatial Point Pattern Analysis of Human Settlements and Geographical Associations in Eastern Coastal China — A Case Study

PubMed Central

Zhang, Zhonghao; Xiao, Rui; Shortridge, Ashton; Wu, Jiaping

2014-01-01

Understanding the spatial point pattern of human settlements and their geographical associations are important for understanding the drivers of land use and land cover change and the relationship between environmental and ecological processes on one hand and cultures and lifestyles on the other. In this study, a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach, Ripley’s K function and Monte Carlo simulation were used to investigate human settlement point patterns. Remotely sensed tools and regression models were employed to identify the effects of geographical determinants on settlement locations in the Wen-Tai region of eastern coastal China. Results indicated that human settlements displayed regular-random-cluster patterns from small to big scale. Most settlements located on the coastal plain presented either regular or random patterns, while those in hilly areas exhibited a clustered pattern. Moreover, clustered settlements were preferentially located at higher elevations with steeper slopes and south facing aspects than random or regular settlements. Regression showed that influences of topographic factors (elevation, slope and aspect) on settlement locations were stronger across hilly regions. This study demonstrated a new approach to analyzing the spatial patterns of human settlements from a wide geographical prospective. We argue that the spatial point patterns of settlements, in addition to the characteristics of human settlements, such as area, density and shape, should be taken into consideration in the future, and land planners and decision makers should pay more attention to city planning and management. Conceptual and methodological bridges linking settlement patterns to regional and site-specific geographical characteristics will be a key to human settlement studies and planning. PMID:24619117

12 CFR 747.612 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlement. 747.612 Section 747.612 Banks and... Board Adjudications § 747.612 Settlement. The applicant and counsel for NCUA may agree on a proposed settlement of the award before final action on the application, either in connection with a settlement of the...

78 FR 1278 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Fixed Income Clearing Corporation; Order Approving Proposed Rule...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-08

... reflects the settlement of a Settlement Balance Order Trade, Trade-for- Trade Transaction or Specified Pool... the MBSD Rules. 2. Notification of Settlement for Specified Pool Trades A Notification of Settlement... that it follows similar processing rules as those applied to NOS for Settlement Balance Order Trades...

Near-reef elemental signals in the otoliths of settling Pomacentrus amboinensis (Pomacentridae)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sih, Tiffany L.; Kingsford, Michael J.

2016-03-01

Settlement is a key life history transition for coral reef fishes, and how long a fish spends close to a reef prior to settlement is poorly understood. We used laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and otolith microstructure analysis (daily increments and settlement marks) to determine the length of time larval fish spend near a reef prior to settlement. The otoliths of Pomacentrus amboinensis collected from four neighbouring reefs in the southern Great Barrier Reef showed clear and consistent differences in their elemental signatures prior to and following settlement. Elevated Ba:Ca near settlement and post-settlement was found in fish from all four reefs. However, there was individual variation in elemental profiles, with an increased otolith Ba-to-Ca ratio (near-reef signature) at settlement in 33 % of fish, and up to 8 d prior to settlement in others. Increment widths, often used as a proxy for growth, decreased approaching the settlement mark for all fish, providing further evidence for a "search phase" in larvae. We demonstrated experimentally that otoliths of fish kept in reefal or inter-reefal waters had different elemental chemistry. There were differences in the elemental composition of water samples within the study area, but no consistent trends with distance from reefs. There was poor discrimination of multi-element signatures among fish from different reefs during their pre-settlement phases. However, discrimination improved in the settlement and post-settlement phases of otoliths, indicating that reef waters and perhaps stage of ontogeny affected otolith chemistry. This study demonstrated clear near-reef elemental signatures in fish around settlement. We suggest these differences are due to a combination of water chemistry and physiological influences (e.g., growth). Combining LA-ICP-MS with otolith microstructure analysis can provide high-resolution information on the early life history of reef fishes. Further, a near-reef "search phase" prior to settlement may be common in reef fishes.

Effect of environmental dust particles on laser textured yttria-stabilized zirconia surface in humid air ambient

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yilbas, B. S.; Ali, H.; Al-Sharafi, A.; Al-Sulaiman, F.; Karatas, C.

2018-05-01

Zirconium nitride is used as a selective surface for concentrated solar heating applications and one of the methods to form a zirconium nitride is texturing of zirconia surface by a high intensity laser beam under high pressure nitrogen gas environment. Laser texturing also provides hydrophobic surface characteristics via forming micro/nano pillars at the surface; however, environmental dust settlement on textured surface influences the surface characteristics significantly. In the present study, laser texturing of zirconia surface and effects of the dust particles on the textured surface in a humid air ambient are investigated. Analytical tools are used to assess the morphological changes on the laser textured surface prior and after the dust settlement in the humid air ambient. It is found that laser textured surface has hydrophobic characteristics. The mud formed during condensate of water on the dust particles alters the characteristics of the laser textured surface. The tangential force required to remove the dry mud from the textured surface remains high; in which case, the dried liquid solution at the mud-textured surface interface is responsible for the strong adhesion of the dry mud on the textured surface. The textured surface becomes hydrophilic after the dry mud was removed from the surface by a desalinated water jet.

Design principles of water sensitive in settlement area on the river banks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ryanti, E.; Hasriyanti, N.; Utami, W. D.

2018-03-01

This research will formulate the principle of designing settlement area of Kapuas River Pontianak with the approach of water sensitive concept of urban design (WSUD) the densely populated settlement area. By using a case study the approach that is a dense settlement area located on the banks of the river with literature study techniques to formulate the aspects considered and components that are set in the design, descriptive analysis with the rationalistic paradigm for identification characteristics of the settlement in the river banks areas with consideration of WSUD elements and formulate the principles of designing water-sensitive settlement areas. This research is important to do because the problems related to the water management system in the existing riverside settlement in Pontianak has not been maximal to do. So the primary of this research contains several objectives that will be achieved that is identifying the characteristics of riverside settlement area based on consideration of design aspects of the area that are sensitive to water and the principle of designing the area so that the existing problem structure will be formulated in relation to the community’s need for infrastructure in settlement environment and formulate and develop appropriate technology guidelines for integrated water management systems in riverside settlement areas and design techniques for water-sensitive settlements (WSUD).

Trust Mines: Legal Documents and Settlements

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Legal Documents and Settlements related to the Northern Abandoned Uranium Mines Region including the Phase 1 Settlement Agreement and Environmental Response Trust Agreement, Phase 2 Settlement Agreement Removal Site Evaluation (RSE) Trust Agreement.

The Settlements Growth in Mijen District, Suburb of Semarang

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pigawati, B.; Yuliastuti, N.; Mardiansjah, F. H.

2018-02-01

Semarang is one of metropolitan cities in Indonesia. As common in metropolitan cities, Semarang has problems regarding the availability of urban space, especially for settlements. This is related to the increase of population in Semarang. The selection of settlements should consider the suitability of space usage. This study aimed to analyze the growth of Semarang settlements in 2006-2015, distribution patterns, characteristics, directions and factors affecting growth. The location of the research is Mijen District located in Suburb of Semarang. This research used a quantitative descriptive spatial approach by using remote sensing technique and Geographic Information System (GIS). The results showed that some of the growth sites of settlements in Mijen District, the suburb of Semarang are located in areas which not suitable for settlements. There are several types of settlement patterns in Mijen District. Accessibility is the major factor driving the growth of settlements. An integrated development policy is needed to maintain a sustainable balance of urban settlement development.

Land-Use Intensity of Electricity Production: Comparison Across Multiple Sources

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Swain, M.; Lovering, J.; Blomqvist, L.; Nordhaus, T.; Hernandez, R. R.

2015-12-01

Land is an increasingly scarce global resource that is subject to competing pressures from agriculture, human settlement, and energy development. As countries concerned about climate change seek to decarbonize their power sectors, renewable energy sources like wind and solar offer obvious advantages. However, the land needed for new energy infrastructure is also an important environmental consideration. The land requirement of different electricity sources varies considerably, but there are very few studies that offer a normalized comparison. In this paper, we use meta-analysis to calculate the land-use intensity (LUI) of the following electricity generation sources: wind, solar photovoltaic (PV), concentrated solar power (CSP), hydropower, geothermal, nuclear, biomass, natural gas, and coal. We used data from existing studies as well as original data gathered from public records and geospatial analysis. Our land-use metric includes land needed for the generation facility (e.g., power plant or wind farm) as well as the area needed to mine fuel for natural gas, coal, and nuclear power plants. Our results found the lowest total LUI for nuclear power (115 ha/TWh/y) and the highest LUI for biomass (114,817 ha/TWh/y). Solar PV and CSP had a considerably lower LUI than wind power, but both were an order of magnitude higher than fossil fuels (which ranged from 435 ha/TWh/y for natural gas to 579 ha/TWh/y for coal). Our results suggest that a large build-out of renewable electricity, though it would offer many environmental advantages over fossil fuel power sources, would require considerable land area. Among low-carbon energy sources, relatively compact sources like nuclear and solar have the potential to reduce land requirements.

48 CFR 49.602-5 - Settlement agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Settlement agreement. 49... MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS Contract Termination Forms and Formats 49.602-5 Settlement agreement... settlement agreement (see 49.109-1). ...

48 CFR 49.602-5 - Settlement agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Settlement agreement. 49... MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS Contract Termination Forms and Formats 49.602-5 Settlement agreement... settlement agreement (see 49.109-1). ...

48 CFR 49.602-5 - Settlement agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Settlement agreement. 49... MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS Contract Termination Forms and Formats 49.602-5 Settlement agreement... settlement agreement (see 49.109-1). ...

Coral Settlement on a Highly Disturbed Equatorial Reef System

PubMed Central

Bauman, Andrew G.; Guest, James R.; Dunshea, Glenn; Low, Jeffery; Todd, Peter A.; Steinberg, Peter D.

2015-01-01

Processes occurring early in the life stages of corals can greatly influence the demography of coral populations, and successful settlement of coral larvae that leads to recruitment is a critical life history stage for coral reef ecosystems. Although corals in Singapore persist in one the world’s most anthropogenically impacted reef systems, our understanding of the role of coral settlement in the persistence of coral communities in Singapore remains limited. Spatial and temporal patterns of coral settlement were examined at 7 sites in the southern islands of Singapore, using settlement tiles deployed and collected every 3 months from 2011 to 2013. Settlement occurred year round, but varied significantly across time and space. Annual coral settlement was low (~54.72 spat m-2 yr-1) relative to other equatorial regions, but there was evidence of temporal variation in settlement rates. Peak settlement occurred between March–May and September–November, coinciding with annual coral spawning periods (March–April and October), while the lowest settlement occurred from December–February during the northeast monsoon. A period of high settlement was also observed between June and August in the first year (2011/12), possibly due to some species spawning outside predicted spawning periods, larvae settling from other locations or extended larval settlement competency periods. Settlement rates varied significantly among sites, but spatial variation was relatively consistent between years, suggesting the strong effects of local coral assemblages or environmental conditions. Pocilloporidae were the most abundant coral spat (83.6%), while Poritidae comprised only 6% of the spat, and Acroporidae <1%. Other, unidentifiable families represented 10% of the coral spat. These results indicate that current settlement patterns are reinforcing the local adult assemblage structure (‘others’; i.e. sediment-tolerant coral taxa) in Singapore, but that the replenishment capacity of Singapore’s reefs appears relatively constrained, which could lead to less resilient reefs. PMID:25992562

Coral settlement on a highly disturbed equatorial reef system.

PubMed

Bauman, Andrew G; Guest, James R; Dunshea, Glenn; Low, Jeffery; Todd, Peter A; Steinberg, Peter D

2015-01-01

Processes occurring early in the life stages of corals can greatly influence the demography of coral populations, and successful settlement of coral larvae that leads to recruitment is a critical life history stage for coral reef ecosystems. Although corals in Singapore persist in one the world's most anthropogenically impacted reef systems, our understanding of the role of coral settlement in the persistence of coral communities in Singapore remains limited. Spatial and temporal patterns of coral settlement were examined at 7 sites in the southern islands of Singapore, using settlement tiles deployed and collected every 3 months from 2011 to 2013. Settlement occurred year round, but varied significantly across time and space. Annual coral settlement was low (~54.72 spat m(-2) yr(-1)) relative to other equatorial regions, but there was evidence of temporal variation in settlement rates. Peak settlement occurred between March-May and September-November, coinciding with annual coral spawning periods (March-April and October), while the lowest settlement occurred from December-February during the northeast monsoon. A period of high settlement was also observed between June and August in the first year (2011/12), possibly due to some species spawning outside predicted spawning periods, larvae settling from other locations or extended larval settlement competency periods. Settlement rates varied significantly among sites, but spatial variation was relatively consistent between years, suggesting the strong effects of local coral assemblages or environmental conditions. Pocilloporidae were the most abundant coral spat (83.6%), while Poritidae comprised only 6% of the spat, and Acroporidae <1%. Other, unidentifiable families represented 10% of the coral spat. These results indicate that current settlement patterns are reinforcing the local adult assemblage structure ('others'; i.e. sediment-tolerant coral taxa) in Singapore, but that the replenishment capacity of Singapore's reefs appears relatively constrained, which could lead to less resilient reefs.

Cellular Automata Modelling in Predicting the Development of Settlement Areas, A Case Study in The Eastern District of Pontianak Waterfront City

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nurhidayati, E.; Buchori, I.; Mussadun; Fariz, T. R.

2017-07-01

Pontianak waterfront city as water-based urban has the potential of water resources, socio-economic, cultural, tourism and riverine settlements. Settlements areas in the eastern district of Pontianak waterfront city is located in the triangle of Kapuas river and Landak river. This study uses quantitative-GIS methods that integrates binary logistic regression and Cellular Automata-Markov models. The data used in this study such as satellite imagery Quickbird 2003, Ikonos 2008 and elevation contour interval 1 meter. This study aims to discover the settlement land use changes in 2003-2014 and to predict the settlements areas in 2020. This study results the accuracy in predicting of changes in settlements areas shows overall accuracy (79.74%) and the highest kappa index (0.55). The prediction results show that settlement areas (481.98 Ha) in 2020 and the increasingly of settlement areas (6.80 Ha/year) in 2014-2020. The development of settlement areas in 2020 shows the highest land expansion in Parit Mayor Village. The results of regression coefficient value (0) of flooding variable, so flooding did not influence to the development of settlement areas in the eastern district of Pontianak because the building’s adaptation of rumah panggung’s settlements was very good which have adjusted to the height of tidal flood.

48 CFR 249.110 - Settlement negotiation memorandum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Settlement negotiation... Settlement negotiation memorandum. Follow the procedures at PGI 249.110 for preparation of a settlement negotiation memorandum. [71 FR 27645, May 12, 2006] ...

48 CFR 249.110 - Settlement negotiation memorandum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Settlement negotiation... Settlement negotiation memorandum. Follow the procedures at PGI 249.110 for preparation of a settlement negotiation memorandum. [71 FR 27645, May 12, 2006] ...

48 CFR 249.110 - Settlement negotiation memorandum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Settlement negotiation... Settlement negotiation memorandum. Follow the procedures at PGI 249.110 for preparation of a settlement negotiation memorandum. [71 FR 27645, May 12, 2006] ...

48 CFR 249.110 - Settlement negotiation memorandum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Settlement negotiation... Settlement negotiation memorandum. Follow the procedures at PGI 249.110 for preparation of a settlement negotiation memorandum. [71 FR 27645, May 12, 2006] ...

48 CFR 249.110 - Settlement negotiation memorandum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Settlement negotiation... Settlement negotiation memorandum. Follow the procedures at PGI 249.110 for preparation of a settlement negotiation memorandum. [71 FR 27645, May 12, 2006] ...

76 FR 77997 - Proposed CERCLA Administrative Cashout Settlement; The Atlantic Richfield Company

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-15

... administrative settlement for recovery of past response costs concerning the Ophir Mills and Smelter Site in Tooele County, Utah with the Atlantic Richfield Company based upon a cash-out settlement. The settlement...

75 FR 36654 - Proposed Settlement Agreement

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-28

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9168-9] Proposed Settlement Agreement AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice of Proposed Settlement Agreement; request for public comment. SUMMARY.... 7413(g), notice is hereby given of a proposed settlement agreement to address lawsuits filed by...

75 FR 82390 - Proposed Settlement Agreement

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-30

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9246-2] Proposed Settlement Agreement AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice of Proposed Settlement Agreement; Request for Public Comment. SUMMARY... a proposed settlement agreement to address lawsuits filed by the following groups of Petitioners: (1...

75 FR 82009 - Proposed Settlement Agreement

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-29

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9245-1] Proposed Settlement Agreement AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice of Proposed Settlement Agreement; Request for Public Comment. SUMMARY... a proposed settlement agreement to address a lawsuit filed by the Center for Biological Diversity...

78 FR 59684 - Proposed Settlement Agreement

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-27

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9901-48-OGC] Proposed Settlement Agreement AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice of proposed settlement agreement; request for public... hereby given of a proposed settlement agreement to address a lawsuit filed by the American Forest & Paper...

Ocean acidification reduces coral recruitment by disrupting intimate larval-algal settlement interactions.

PubMed

Doropoulos, Christopher; Ward, Selina; Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo; Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove; Mumby, Peter J

2012-04-01

Ecology Letters (2012) 15: 338-346 ABSTRACT: Successful recruitment in shallow reef ecosystems often involves specific cues that connect planktonic invertebrate larvae with particular crustose coralline algae (CCA) during settlement. While ocean acidification (OA) can reduce larval settlement and the abundance of CCA, the impact of OA on the interactions between planktonic larvae and their preferred settlement substrate are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that CO2 concentrations (800 and 1300 μatm) predicted to occur by the end of this century significantly reduce coral (Acropora millepora) settlement and CCA cover by ≥ 45%. The CCA important for inducing coral settlement (Titanoderma spp., Hydrolithon spp.) were the most deleteriously affected by OA. Surprisingly, the only preferred settlement substrate (Titanoderma) in the experimental controls was avoided by coral larvae as pCO2 increased, and other substrata selected. Our results suggest OA may reduce coral population recovery by reducing coral settlement rates, disrupting larval settlement behaviour, and reducing the availability of the most desirable coralline algal species for successful coral recruitment. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS.

48 CFR 49.110 - Settlement negotiation memorandum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Settlement negotiation... CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 49.110 Settlement negotiation memorandum. (a) The TCO shall, at the conclusion of negotiations, prepare a settlement negotiation memorandum...

48 CFR 49.110 - Settlement negotiation memorandum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Settlement negotiation... CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 49.110 Settlement negotiation memorandum. (a) The TCO shall, at the conclusion of negotiations, prepare a settlement negotiation memorandum...

48 CFR 49.110 - Settlement negotiation memorandum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Settlement negotiation... CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 49.110 Settlement negotiation memorandum. (a) The TCO shall, at the conclusion of negotiations, prepare a settlement negotiation memorandum...

48 CFR 49.110 - Settlement negotiation memorandum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Settlement negotiation... CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 49.110 Settlement negotiation memorandum. (a) The TCO shall, at the conclusion of negotiations, prepare a settlement negotiation memorandum...

76 FR 67728 - Proposed Settlement Agreement

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-02

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9485-8] Proposed Settlement Agreement AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice of proposed settlement agreement; request for public comment. SUMMARY...), notice is hereby given of a proposed settlement agreement to address a lawsuit filed by the Engine...

32 CFR 842.81 - Settlement agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Settlement agreement. 842.81 Section 842.81... ADMINISTRATIVE CLAIMS Use of Government Property Claims (10 U.S.C. 2737) § 842.81 Settlement agreement. Do not... a settlement agreement to that effect. ...

76 FR 56194 - Proposed Settlement Agreement

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-12

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9462-9] Proposed Settlement Agreement AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice of Proposed Settlement Agreement; Request for Public Comment. SUMMARY...), notice is hereby given of a proposed settlement agreement to address a lawsuit filed by Allied Energy...

32 CFR 842.81 - Settlement agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Settlement agreement. 842.81 Section 842.81... ADMINISTRATIVE CLAIMS Use of Government Property Claims (10 U.S.C. 2737) § 842.81 Settlement agreement. Do not... a settlement agreement to that effect. ...

32 CFR 842.81 - Settlement agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Settlement agreement. 842.81 Section 842.81... ADMINISTRATIVE CLAIMS Use of Government Property Claims (10 U.S.C. 2737) § 842.81 Settlement agreement. Do not... a settlement agreement to that effect. ...

40 CFR 305.25 - Informal settlement; voluntary agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 27 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Informal settlement; voluntary...) SUPERFUND, EMERGENCY PLANNING, AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW PROGRAMS COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE... Prehearing Procedures § 305.25 Informal settlement; voluntary agreement. (a) Settlement policy. The Agency...

Settlement Dynamics and Hierarchy from Agent Decision-Making: a Method Derived from Entropy Maximization.

PubMed

Altaweel, Mark

2015-01-01

This paper presents an agent-based complex system simulation of settlement structure change using methods derived from entropy maximization modeling. The approach is applied to model the movement of people and goods in urban settings to study how settlement size hierarchy develops. While entropy maximization is well known for assessing settlement structure change over different spatiotemporal settings, approaches have rarely attempted to develop and apply this methodology to understand how individual and household decisions may affect settlement size distributions. A new method developed in this paper allows individual decision-makers to chose where to settle based on social-environmental factors, evaluate settlements based on geography and relative benefits, while retaining concepts derived from entropy maximization with settlement size affected by movement ability and site attractiveness feedbacks. To demonstrate the applicability of the theoretical and methodological approach, case study settlement patterns from the Middle Bronze (MBA) and Iron Ages (IA) in the Iraqi North Jazirah Survey (NJS) are used. Results indicate clear differences in settlement factors and household choices in simulations that lead to settlement size hierarchies comparable to the two evaluated periods. Conflict and socio-political cohesion, both their presence and absence, are suggested to have major roles in affecting the observed settlement hierarchy. More broadly, the model is made applicable for different empirically based settings, while being generalized to incorporate data uncertainty, making the model useful for understanding urbanism from top-down and bottom-up perspectives.

Simulating settlement during waste placement at a landfill with waste lifts placed under frozen conditions.

PubMed

Van Geel, Paul J; Murray, Kathleen E

2015-12-01

Twelve instrument bundles were placed within two waste profiles as waste was placed in an operating landfill in Ste. Sophie, Quebec, Canada. The settlement data were simulated using a three-component model to account for primary or instantaneous compression, secondary compression or mechanical creep and biodegradation induced settlement. The regressed model parameters from the first waste layer were able to predict the settlement of the remaining four waste layers with good agreement. The model parameters were compared to values published in the literature. A MSW landfill scenario referenced in the literature was used to illustrate how the parameter values from the different studies predicted settlement. The parameters determined in this study and other studies with total waste heights between 15 and 60 m provided similar estimates of total settlement in the long term while the settlement rates and relative magnitudes of the three components varied. The parameters determined based on studies with total waste heights less than 15m resulted in larger secondary compression indices and lower biodegradation induced settlements. When these were applied to a MSW landfill scenario with a total waste height of 30 m, the settlement was overestimated and provided unrealistic values. This study concludes that more field studies are needed to measure waste settlement during the filling stage of landfill operations and more field data are needed to assess different settlement models and their respective parameters. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

28 CFR 24.304 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Settlement. 24.304 Section 24.304... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS Procedures for Considering Applications § 24.304 Settlement. A prevailing party and Department counsel may agree on a proposed settlement of an award before...

77 FR 38802 - Proposed CERCLA Administrative Cost Recovery Settlement; Standex International Corporation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-29

... Settlement; Standex International Corporation AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency. ACTION: Notice; request for public comment. SUMMARY: Notice is hereby given of a proposed administrative settlement for... following settling party: Standex International Corporation. The settlement requires the settling party to...

26 CFR 157.6071-1 - Time for filing returns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... EXCISE TAXES (CONTINUED) EXCISE TAX ON STRUCTURED SETTLEMENT FACTORING TRANSACTIONS Procedure and... settlement factoring transactions) must be filed on or before the ninetieth day following the receipt of structured settlement payment rights in a structured settlement factoring transaction. (b) Returns relating...

Coral larvae change their settlement preference for crustose coralline algae dependent on availability of bare space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Elmer, Franziska; Bell, James J.; Gardner, Jonathan P. A.

2018-06-01

Competition for space is a major factor affecting coral survival. Since adult coral colonies are sessile, the settlement preferences of larvae have a strong impact on the competition for space that corals will face post-metamorphosis and will therefore influence long-term survival. Laboratory-based studies show that in simplified systems coral larvae use cues to guide them to suitable settlement locations, an adaptation that enhances post-settlement survival. Settlement preferences have also been reported from the field, where coral larvae encounter a wide variety of different potential settlement surfaces as the availability of free substratum (bare space) changes over time. In this field-based study, the abundance of different encrusting organisms and bare space present on settlement tiles was compared to their abundance under newly settled pocilloporid and poritid recruits, to determine if recruits choose their settlement substratum randomly. Tiles deployed for 3, 9, 12 and 15 months were used to determine if settlement choice varied as a function of benthic community successional stage. We found that pocilloporid and poritid larvae changed their settlement preference depending on the age of the benthic community they encountered. They reacted neutrally to crustose coralline algae (CCA) on tiles deployed for 3 months when bare space was abundant, but showed a clear preference for settlement on CCA on tiles deployed for 9-15 months once bare space was limited. Simultaneously, poritid recruits showed a decreasing preference over time to settle on biofilm. This change in preference is not linked to the availability of CCA because its abundance did not change significantly between tiles deployed for 3 versus 9-15 months. These results indicate that coral recruits react to several settlement cues simultaneously, guiding them to different settlement locations as the benthos changes over time. Furthermore, recruits from both families reacted similarly, suggesting that this is an evolutionarily old adaption.

24 CFR 3800.60 - Settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 5 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Settlements. 3800.60 Section 3800... DEVELOPMENT INVESTIGATIONS IN CONSUMER REGULATORY PROGRAMS § 3800.60 Settlements. (a) At any time during an investigation, the Department and the parties subject to an investigation may conduct settlement negotiations...

7 CFR 1951.894 - Debt settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Debt settlement. 1951.894 Section 1951.894 Agriculture... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) SERVICING AND COLLECTIONS Rural Development Loan Servicing § 1951.894 Debt settlement. Debt settlement of all claims will be handled in accordance with the Federal Claims Collection...

49 CFR 511.67 - Settlement order.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Settlement order. 511.67 Section 511.67... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ADJUDICATIVE PROCEDURES Settlement Procedure in Cases of Violation of Average Fuel Economy Standards § 511.67 Settlement order. If, in accordance with this subpart, the...

17 CFR 201.240 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Settlement. 201.240 Section... of Practice Initiation of Proceedings and Prehearing Rules § 201.240 Settlement. (a) Availability... party to a proceeding already instituted, may, at any time, propose in writing an offer of settlement...

37 CFR 11.26 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Settlement. 11.26 Section 11... Disciplinary Proceedings; Jurisdiction, Sanctions, Investigations, and Proceedings § 11.26 Settlement. Before or after a complaint under § 11.34 is filed, a settlement conference may occur between the OED...

7 CFR 1940.406 - Real estate settlement procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 13 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Real estate settlement procedures. 1940.406 Section... AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Truth in Lending-Real Estate Settlement Procedures § 1940.406 Real estate settlement procedures. (a) General. This section provides the instructions...

7 CFR 1940.406 - Real estate settlement procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 13 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Real estate settlement procedures. 1940.406 Section... AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Truth in Lending-Real Estate Settlement Procedures § 1940.406 Real estate settlement procedures. (a) General. This section provides the instructions...

7 CFR 1940.406 - Real estate settlement procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 13 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Real estate settlement procedures. 1940.406 Section... AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Truth in Lending-Real Estate Settlement Procedures § 1940.406 Real estate settlement procedures. (a) General. This section provides the instructions...

7 CFR 1940.406 - Real estate settlement procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 13 2011-01-01 2009-01-01 true Real estate settlement procedures. 1940.406 Section... AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Truth in Lending-Real Estate Settlement Procedures § 1940.406 Real estate settlement procedures. (a) General. This section provides the instructions...

The resources of Mars for human settlement.

PubMed

Meyer, T R; McKay, C P

1989-01-01

Spacecraft exploration of Mars has shown that the essential resources necessary for life support are present on the martian surface. The key life-support compounds O2, N2, and H2O are available on Mars. The soil could be used as radiation shielding and could provide many useful industrial and construction materials. Compounds with high chemical energy, such as rocket fuels, can be manufactured in-situ on Mars. Solar power, and possibly wind power, are available and practical on Mars. Preliminary engineering studies indicate that fairly autonomous processes can be designed to extract and stockpile Martian consumables. The ability to utilize these materials in support of a human exploration effort allows missions that are more robust and economical than would otherwise be possible.

The Long-Term Growth Prospects for Planetary and Space Colonies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ashworth, S.

In order to live and function, multicellular creatures such as human beings need land area with gravity, an atmosphere and plentiful liquid water. The resources of the Solar System offer opportunities for extraterrestrial colonisation at locations where these basic services may be found or engineered. Two different patterns of activity are possible: planetary versus space colonisation, and these are compared. It is concluded that space colonisation, based on asteroidal resources, offers a prospect of growth greater than that of planetary settlement by three orders of magnitude, as well as a better springboard to growth on an interstellar scale. The space-based rather than planet-based mode of technological life is therefore likely to predominate in the long-term future of successful industrial species.

Coral settlement onto Halimeda opuntia: a fatal attraction to an ephemeral substrate?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nugues, Maggy M.; Szmant, Alina M.

2006-11-01

Degraded reefs with a high abundance of macroalgae usually also have low densities of coral recruits. Few studies, however, have examined whether these algae affect coral larval settlement. This study demonstrates, experimentally, that larvae of the Caribbean coral Favia fragrum can settle on the green alga Halimeda opuntia even when another substrate more suitable for settlement is present. Larval settlement onto experimental substrates was quantified under three treatments: rubble only, rubble plus plastic algal mimic, and rubble plus live H. opuntia. Similar total larval settlement was observed in all treatments. No larvae settled on the algal mimic, but total settlement was similar on the rubble in the first two treatments, showing that the rubble alone offered sufficient substrate for high settlement success. About half the larvae in the live algal treatment settled on H. opuntia instead of on the rubble, showing that larvae did not reject this substrate as they did the algal mimic. This result raises the possibility that corals will settle on some macroalgae when their abundance is high. Most macroalgae, including H. opuntia, are ephemeral substrates unsuitable for post-settlement survival. Such unexpected settlement may therefore have significant consequences for coral recruitment success on algal-dominated reefs.

Variation in habitat soundscape characteristics influences settlement of a reef-building coral.

PubMed

Lillis, Ashlee; Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne; Peters, Jason W; Eggleston, David

2016-01-01

Coral populations, and the productive reef ecosystems they support, rely on successful recruitment of reef-building species, beginning with settlement of dispersing larvae into habitat favourable to survival. Many substrate cues have been identified as contributors to coral larval habitat selection; however, the potential for ambient acoustic cues to influence coral settlement responses is unknown. Using in situ settlement chambers that excluded other habitat cues, larval settlement of a dominant Caribbean reef-building coral, Orbicella faveolata , was compared in response to three local soundscapes, with differing acoustic and habitat properties. Differences between reef sites in the number of larvae settled in chambers isolating acoustic cues corresponded to differences in sound levels and reef characteristics, with sounds at the loudest reef generating significantly higher settlement during trials compared to the quietest site (a 29.5 % increase). These results suggest that soundscapes could be an important influence on coral settlement patterns and that acoustic cues associated with reef habitat may be related to larval settlement. This study reports an effect of soundscape variation on larval settlement for a key coral species, and adds to the growing evidence that soundscapes affect marine ecosystems by influencing early life history processes of foundational species.

Variation in habitat soundscape characteristics influences settlement of a reef-building coral

PubMed Central

Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne; Peters, Jason W.; Eggleston, David

2016-01-01

Coral populations, and the productive reef ecosystems they support, rely on successful recruitment of reef-building species, beginning with settlement of dispersing larvae into habitat favourable to survival. Many substrate cues have been identified as contributors to coral larval habitat selection; however, the potential for ambient acoustic cues to influence coral settlement responses is unknown. Using in situ settlement chambers that excluded other habitat cues, larval settlement of a dominant Caribbean reef-building coral, Orbicella faveolata, was compared in response to three local soundscapes, with differing acoustic and habitat properties. Differences between reef sites in the number of larvae settled in chambers isolating acoustic cues corresponded to differences in sound levels and reef characteristics, with sounds at the loudest reef generating significantly higher settlement during trials compared to the quietest site (a 29.5 % increase). These results suggest that soundscapes could be an important influence on coral settlement patterns and that acoustic cues associated with reef habitat may be related to larval settlement. This study reports an effect of soundscape variation on larval settlement for a key coral species, and adds to the growing evidence that soundscapes affect marine ecosystems by influencing early life history processes of foundational species. PMID:27761342

29 CFR 1601.20 - Negotiated settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Negotiated settlement. 1601.20 Section 1601.20 Labor....20 Negotiated settlement. (a) Prior to the issuance of a determination as to reasonable cause the... settlement agreement which is agreeable to both parties. When the Commission agrees in any negotiated...

75 FR 41486 - Termination Settlement Proposal Forms-FAR (Standard Forms 1435 Through 1440)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-16

.... 9000-0012] Termination Settlement Proposal Forms--FAR (Standard Forms 1435 Through 1440) AGENCY... concerning Termination Settlement Proposal Forms--FAR (Standard Forms 1435 through 1440). Public comments are... INFORMATION: A. Purpose The termination settlement proposal forms (Standard Forms 1435 through 1440) provide a...

49 CFR 6.29 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Settlement. 6.29 Section 6.29 Transportation... PROCEEDINGS Procedures for Considering Applications § 6.29 Settlement. The applicant and agency counsel may agree on a proposed settlement of the award before final action on the application, either in connection...

32 CFR 536.55 - Structured settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Structured settlements. 536.55 Section 536.55... AGAINST THE UNITED STATES Investigation and Processing of Claims § 536.55 Structured settlements. (a) The... of this part, structured settlements cannot be required but are encouraged in situations listed above...

5 CFR 2610.306 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlement. 2610.306 Section 2610.306... ACCESS TO JUSTICE ACT Procedures for Considering Applications § 2610.306 Settlement. The applicant and agency counsel may agree on a proposed settlement of the award before final action on the application...

15 CFR 904.213 - Settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlements. 904.213 Section 904.213 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) NATIONAL OCEANIC... and Appeal Procedures General § 904.213 Settlements. If settlement is reached before the Judge has...

75 FR 67968 - Arkwright Dump Site, Spartanburg, Spartanburg County, SC; Notice of Settlement

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-04

... Site, Spartanburg, Spartanburg County, SC; Notice of Settlement AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency. ACTION: Notice of Settlement. SUMMARY: Under Section 122(h)(1) of the Comprehensive Environmental... entered into a settlement for reimbursement of past response costs concerning the Arkwright Dump Site...

40 CFR 17.24 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Settlement. 17.24 Section 17.24... JUSTICE ACT IN EPA ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS Procedures for Considering Applications § 17.24 Settlement. A prevailing party and EPA counsel may agree on a proposed settlement of an award before final...

17 CFR 8.16 - Settlement offers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Settlement offers. 8.16... FOR DISCIPLINARY, SUMMARY, AND MEMBERSHIP DENIAL ACTIONS Disciplinary Procedure § 8.16 Settlement offers. (a) The rules of an exchange may permit a respondent to submit a written offer of settlement to...

14 CFR 1262.305 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlement. 1262.305 Section 1262.305... PROCEEDINGS Procedures for Considering Applications § 1262.305 Settlement. The applicant and agency counsel may agree on a proposed settlement of the award before final action on the application, either in...

32 CFR 842.91 - Settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Settlement agreements. 842.91 Section 842.91 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE CLAIMS AND LITIGATION...) § 842.91 Settlement agreements. The claimant must sign a settlement agreement and general release before...

32 CFR 842.91 - Settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Settlement agreements. 842.91 Section 842.91 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE CLAIMS AND LITIGATION...) § 842.91 Settlement agreements. The claimant must sign a settlement agreement and general release before...

32 CFR 842.91 - Settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Settlement agreements. 842.91 Section 842.91 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE CLAIMS AND LITIGATION...) § 842.91 Settlement agreements. The claimant must sign a settlement agreement and general release before...

48 CFR 49.107 - Audit of prime contract settlement proposals and subcontract settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Audit of prime contract settlement proposals and subcontract settlements. 49.107 Section 49.107 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 49...

Where to Settle—Settlement Preferences of Mytilus galloprovincialis and Choice of Habitat at a Micro Spatial Scale

PubMed Central

Carl, Christina; Poole, Andrew J.; Williams, Mike R.; de Nys, Rocky

2012-01-01

The global mussel aquaculture industry uses specialised spat catching and nursery culture ropes made of multi-filament synthetic and natural fibres to optimise settlement and retention of mussels for on-growing. However, the settlement ecology and preferences of mussels are poorly understood and only sparse information exists in a commercial context. This study quantified the settlement preferences of pediveligers and plantigrades of Mytilus galloprovincialis on increasingly complex surfaces and settlement locations at a micro spatial scale on and within ropes under commercial hatchery operating conditions using optical microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT). M. galloprovincialis has clear settlement preferences for more complex materials and high selectivity for settlement sites from the pediveliger through to the plantigrade stage. Pediveligers of M. galloprovincialis initially settle inside specialised culture ropes. Larger pediveligers were located close to the exterior of ropes as they increased in size over time. In contrast, smaller individuals were located deeper inside of the ropes over time. This study demonstrates that X-ray µCT is an excellent non-destructive technique for mapping settlement and attachment sites of individuals as early as one day post settlement, and quantifies the number and location of settled individuals on and within ropes as a tool to understand and optimise settlement in complex multi-dimensional materials and environments. PMID:23251710

Monitoring and modeling of long-term settlements of an experimental landfill in Brazil.

PubMed

Simões, Gustavo Ferreira; Catapreta, Cícero Antônio Antunes

2013-02-01

Settlement evaluation in sanitary landfills is a complex process, due to the waste heterogeneity, time-varying properties and influencing factors and mechanisms, such as mechanical compression due to load application and creep, and physical-chemical and biological processes caused by the wastes decomposition. Many empirical models for the analysis of long-term settlement in landfills are reported in the literature. This paper presents the results of a settlement monitoring program carried out during 6 years in Belo Horizonte experimental landfill. Different sets of field data were used to calibrate three long-term settlement prediction models (rheological, hyperbolic and composite). The parameters obtained in the calibration were used to predict the settlements and to compare with actual field data. During the monitoring period of 6 years, significant vertical strains were observed (of up to 31%) in relation to the initial height of the experimental landfill. The results for the long-term settlement prediction obtained by the hyperbolic and rheological models significantly underestimate the settlements, regardless the period of data used in the calibration. The best fits were obtained with the composite model, except when 1 year field data were used in the calibration. The results of the composite model indicate settlements stabilization at larger times and with larger final settlements when compared to the hyperbolic and rheological models. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Deforestation and Carbon Stock Loss in Brazil's Amazonian Settlements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yanai, Aurora Miho; Nogueira, Euler Melo; de Alencastro Graça, Paulo Maurício Lima; Fearnside, Philip Martin

2017-03-01

We estimate deforestation and the carbon stock in 2740 (82 %) of the 3325 settlements in Brazil's Legal Amazonia region. Estimates are made both using available satellite data and a carbon map for the "pre-modern" period (prior to 1970). We used data from Brazil's Project for Monitoring Deforestation in Amazonia updated through 2013 and from the Brazilian Biomes Deforestation Monitoring Project (PMDBBS) updated through 2010. To obtain the pre-modern and recent carbon stocks we performed an intersection between a carbon map and a map derived from settlement boundaries and deforestation data. Although the settlements analyzed occupied only 8 % of Legal Amazonia, our results indicate that these settlements contributed 17 % (160,410 km2) of total clearing (forest + non-forest) in Legal Amazonia (967,003 km2). This represents a clear-cutting of 41 % of the original vegetation in the settlements. Out of this total, 72 % (115,634 km2) was in the "Federal Settlement Project" (PA) category. Deforestation in settlements represents 20 % (2.6 Pg C) of the total carbon loss in Legal Amazonia (13.1 Pg C). The carbon stock in remaining vegetation represents 3.8 Pg C, or 6 % of the total remaining carbon stock in Legal Amazonia (58.6 Pg C) in the periods analyzed. The carbon reductions in settlements are caused both by the settlers and by external actors. Our findings suggest that agrarian reform policies contributed directly to carbon loss. Thus, the implementation of new settlements should consider potential carbon stock losses, especially if settlements are created in areas with high carbon stocks.

PNAS Plus: Mapping patterns of long-term settlement in Northern Mesopotamia at a large scale

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Menze, Bjoern H.; Ur, Jason A.

2012-04-01

The landscapes of the Near East show both the first settlements and the longest trajectories of settlement systems. Mounding is a characteristic property of these settlement sites, resulting from millennia of continuing settlement activity at distinguished places. So far, however, this defining feature of ancient settlements has not received much attention, or even been the subject of systematic evaluation. We propose a remote sensing approach for comprehensively mapping the pattern of human settlement at large scale and establish the largest archaeological record for a landscape in Mesopotamia, mapping about 14,000 settlement sites-spanning eight millennia-at 15-m resolution in a 23,000-km2 area in northeastern Syria. To map both low- and high-mounded places-the latter of which are often referred to as "tells"-we develop a strategy for detecting anthrosols in time series of multispectral satellite images and measure the volume of settlement sites in a digital elevation model. Using this volume as a proxy to continued occupation, we find a dependency of the long-term attractiveness of a site on local water availability, but also a strong relation to the relevance within a basin-wide exchange network that we can infer from our record and third millennium B.C. intersite routes visible on the ground until recent times. We believe it is possible to establish a nearly comprehensive map of human settlements in the fluvial plains of northern Mesopotamia and beyond, and site volume may be a key quantity to uncover long-term trends in human settlement activity from such a record.

Analysis of the Legal Effect of Settlement Agreements Prepared in Medical Litigation Following Plastic Surgery in Korea

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

Background Settlements between doctors and patients provide a solution to complicated disputes. However, some disputes may be renewed as a result of negligence by both parties. The purpose of this study was to review the legal issues that may potentially arise during the preparation of settlement agreements and to propose a list of requirements for ensuring the effectiveness of these settlement agreements. Methods Data from 287 civil cases concerning aesthetic surgery that took place between 2000 and 2015 were collected from a court database in South Korea. Factors that influenced the effectiveness of settlement agreements were analyzed. Results Among the 287 court precedents, there were 68 cases of covenant not to sue. Eighteen cases were dismissed because the settlement agreements were recognized as effective, and 50 cases were sent forward for judgment on their merits because the agreements were not recognized as effective. The types of surgery and types of complications were classified by frequency. We evaluated the geographical distribution of the precedents, the settlement timing, and the effectiveness and economic impact of the settlements. We found that there was no statistically significant relationship among these factors. Four major factors that made a settlement agreement legally effective were identified, and the data showed that fee-free reoperations were not considered by the court in determining the compensation amount. Conclusions When preparing a settlement agreement, it is advisable to review the contents of the agreement rather than to take the preparation of a settlement agreement per se to be legally meaningful. PMID:28728323

32 CFR 536.122 - Limitation of settlement of maritime claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Limitation of settlement of maritime claims. 536... AND ACCOUNTS CLAIMS AGAINST THE UNITED STATES Maritime Claims § 536.122 Limitation of settlement of maritime claims. (a) Within the United States the period of completing an administrative settlement under...

15 CFR 280.219 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlement. 280.219 Section 280.219... Enforcement § 280.219 Settlement. (a) Cases may be settled before service of a charging letter. In cases in which settlement is reached before service of a charging letter, a proposed charging letter will be...

77 FR 58126 - Columbia Gas Transmission, LLC; Notice of Offer of Settlement

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-19

... Transmission, LLC; Notice of Offer of Settlement Take notice that on September 4, 2012, Columbia Gas Transmission, LLC (Columbia) filed a Stipulation and Agreement (Settlement), including pro forma tariff records... states that the settlement provides for the implementation of a new Capital Cost Recovery Mechanism (CCRM...

5 CFR 2430.10 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlement. 2430.10 Section 2430.10... FEDERAL LABOR RELATIONS AUTHORITY AWARDS OF ATTORNEY FEES AND OTHER EXPENSES § 2430.10 Settlement. The applicant and the General Counsel may agree on a proposed settlement of the award before final action on the...

29 CFR 16.303 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Settlement. 16.303 Section 16.303 Labor Office of the Secretary of Labor EQUAL ACCESS TO JUSTICE ACT Procedures for Considering Applications § 16.303 Settlement. The applicant and agency counsel may agree on a proposed settlement of the award before final action...

29 CFR 2204.306 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Settlement. 2204.306 Section 2204.306 Labor Regulations... Procedures for Considering Applications § 2204.306 Settlement. The applicant and the Secretary may agree on a proposed settlement of the award before final action on the application, either in connection with a...

24 CFR 1720.180 - Settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 5 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Settlements. 1720.180 Section 1720... Proceedings General Provisions § 1720.180 Settlements. Parties may propose in writing, at any time during the course of a proceeding, offers of settlement which shall be submitted to the Secretary. If determined to...

78 FR 718 - Enterprise TE Products Pipeline Company LLC; Notice of Settlement Conference

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-04

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [ Docket No. IS12-203-000] Enterprise TE Products Pipeline Company LLC; Notice of Settlement Conference Take notice that an informal settlement... of exploring the possible settlement of the above-referenced dockets. Any party, as defined by 18 CFR...

45 CFR 13.24 - Settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Settlements. 13.24 Section 13.24 Public Welfare... ACT IN AGENCY PROCEEDINGS Procedures for Considering Applications § 13.24 Settlements. The applicant and the agency's litigating party may agree on a proposed settlement of the award at any time prior to...

17 CFR 201.54 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Settlement. 201.54 Section 201... Regulations Pertaining to the Equal Access to Justice Act § 201.54 Settlement. The applicant and counsel for the Office or Division of the Commission may agree on a proposed settlement of the award before final...

10 CFR 1023.324 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlement. 1023.324 Section 1023.324 Energy DEPARTMENT OF... Justice Act Procedures for Considering Applications § 1023.324 Settlement. The applicant and agency counsel may agree on a proposed settlement of the award before final action on the application, either in...

39 CFR 960.17 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Settlement. 960.17 Section 960.17 Postal Service... ACT IN POSTAL SERVICE PROCEEDINGS Procedures for Considering Applications § 960.17 Settlement. The applicant and the Postal Service may agree on a proposed settlement of the award before final action on the...

29 CFR 101.7 - Settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Settlements. 101.7 Section 101.7 Labor Regulations Relating... Section 10 (a) to (i) of the Act and Telegraph Merger Act Cases § 101.7 Settlements. Before any complaint... for the submission and consideration of facts, argument, offers of settlement, or proposals of...

77 FR 26538 - ANR Storage Company; Notice of Informal Settlement Conference

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-04

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket No. RP12-123-000] ANR Storage Company; Notice of Informal Settlement Conference Take notice that an informal settlement conference will... possible settlement of the above-referenced dockets. Any party, as defined by 18 CFR 385.102(c), or any...

29 CFR 2700.31 - Penalty settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Penalty settlement. 2700.31 Section 2700.31 Labor... Contests of Proposed Penalties § 2700.31 Penalty settlement. (a) General. A proposed penalty that has been... motion to approve a penalty settlement shall include for each violation the amount of the penalty...

29 CFR 2704.305 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Settlement. 2704.305 Section 2704.305 Labor Regulations... Settlement. In the event that counsel for the Secretary and an applicant agree to settle an EAJA claim after... of the settlement and request dismissal of the application. [63 FR 63177, Nov. 12, 1998] ...

15 CFR 18.19 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlement. 18.19 Section 18.19... Procedures for Considering Applications § 18.19 Settlement. The applicant and agency counsel may agree on a proposed settlement of the award before final action on the application, either in connection with a...

19 CFR 212.24 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Settlement. 212.24 Section 212.24 Customs Duties... IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EQUAL ACCESS TO JUSTICE ACT Procedures for Considering Applications § 212.24 Settlement. The applicant and the Commission may agree on a proposed settlement of the award before final action...

15 CFR 766.18 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlement. 766.18 Section 766.18... PROCEEDINGS § 766.18 Settlement. (a) Cases may be settled before service of a charging letter. In cases in which settlement is reached before service of a charging letter, a proposed charging letter will be...

22 CFR 134.25 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Settlement. 134.25 Section 134.25 Foreign... Considering Applications § 134.25 Settlement. The applicant and the Department of State may agree on a proposed settlement of the award before final action on the application, either in connection with a...

39 CFR 958.23 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Settlement. 958.23 Section 958.23 Postal Service..., CLEAN-UP COSTS AND DAMAGES FOR VIOLATION OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL REGULATIONS § 958.23 Settlement. Either party may make offers of settlement or proposals of adjustment at any time. The Determining Official has...

7 CFR 1.345 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlement. 1.345 Section 1.345 Agriculture Office of... Under the Program Fraud Civil Remedies Act of 1986 § 1.345 Settlement. (a) A respondent may make offers of compromise of settlement at any time. (b) The reviewing official has the exclusive authority to...

15 CFR 990.25 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlement. 990.25 Section 990.25... DAMAGE ASSESSMENTS Authorities § 990.25 Settlement. Trustees may settle claims for natural resource damages under this part at any time, provided that the settlement is adequate in the judgment of the...

17 CFR 9.7 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Settlement. 9.7 Section 9.7... DISCIPLINARY, ACCESS DENIAL OR OTHER ADVERSE ACTIONS General Provisions § 9.7 Settlement. At any time before... accordance with § 9.20, the parties may file a stipulation for dismissal based on a settlement agreement...

48 CFR 49.103 - Methods of settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Methods of settlement. 49... MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 49.103 Methods of settlement. Settlement of terminated... subpart 49.3), or (d) a combination of these methods. When possible, the TCO should negotiate a fair and...

48 CFR 49.103 - Methods of settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Methods of settlement. 49... MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 49.103 Methods of settlement. Settlement of terminated... subpart 49.3), or (d) a combination of these methods. When possible, the TCO should negotiate a fair and...

48 CFR 49.603 - Formats for termination for convenience settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... for convenience settlement agreements. 49.603 Section 49.603 Federal Acquisition Regulations System... Formats 49.603 Formats for termination for convenience settlement agreements. The formats to be used for termination for convenience settlement agreements should be substantially as shown in this section (see 49.109...

24 CFR 3500.9 - Reproduction of settlement statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 5 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Reproduction of settlement... HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT REAL ESTATE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES ACT § 3500.9 Reproduction of settlement... in sections F and H, respectively. (3) Reproduction of the HUD-1 must conform to the terminology...

45 CFR 79.46 - Compromise or settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Compromise or settlement. 79.46 Section 79.46 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES § 79.46 Compromise or settlement. (a) Parties may make offers of compromise or settlement at any...

6 CFR 13.46 - Compromise or settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 6 Domestic Security 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Compromise or settlement. 13.46 Section 13.46 Domestic Security DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES § 13.46 Compromise or settlement. (a) Parties may Make offers of compromise or settlement at any time...

24 CFR 200.1525 - Settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Settlement agreements. 200.1525... Lender Quality Assurance Enforcement § 200.1525 Settlement agreements. (a) HUD staff, as authorized, may negotiate a settlement agreement with a MAP lender before or after the issuance of a warning letter or...

24 CFR 7.43 - Settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Settlement agreements. 7.43 Section... and Compliance § 7.43 Settlement agreements. (a) The Department shall make reasonable efforts to... and/or their designees; and (4) Otherwise comply with 29 CFR part 1614. (b) Any settlement agreement...

24 CFR 200.1525 - Settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Settlement agreements. 200.1525... Lender Quality Assurance Enforcement § 200.1525 Settlement agreements. (a) HUD staff, as authorized, may negotiate a settlement agreement with a MAP lender before or after the issuance of a warning letter or...

24 CFR 7.43 - Settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Settlement agreements. 7.43 Section... and Compliance § 7.43 Settlement agreements. (a) The Department shall make reasonable efforts to... and/or their designees; and (4) Otherwise comply with 29 CFR part 1614. (b) Any settlement agreement...

24 CFR 200.1525 - Settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Settlement agreements. 200.1525... Lender Quality Assurance Enforcement § 200.1525 Settlement agreements. (a) HUD staff, as authorized, may negotiate a settlement agreement with a MAP lender before or after the issuance of a warning letter or...

32 CFR 536.63 - Settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Settlement agreements. 536.63 Section 536.63... AGAINST THE UNITED STATES Investigation and Processing of Claims § 536.63 Settlement agreements. (a) When... and 536.61. A settlement agreement is required prior to payment on all tort claims, whether the claim...

32 CFR 536.63 - Settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2012-07-01 2009-07-01 true Settlement agreements. 536.63 Section 536.63... AGAINST THE UNITED STATES Investigation and Processing of Claims § 536.63 Settlement agreements. (a) When... and 536.61. A settlement agreement is required prior to payment on all tort claims, whether the claim...

24 CFR 7.43 - Settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Settlement agreements. 7.43 Section... and Compliance § 7.43 Settlement agreements. (a) The Department shall make reasonable efforts to... and/or their designees; and (4) Otherwise comply with 29 CFR part 1614. (b) Any settlement agreement...

24 CFR 200.1525 - Settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Settlement agreements. 200.1525... Lender Quality Assurance Enforcement § 200.1525 Settlement agreements. (a) HUD staff, as authorized, may negotiate a settlement agreement with a MAP lender before or after the issuance of a warning letter or...

48 CFR 49.109-6 - Joint settlement of two or more settlement proposals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Joint settlement of two or more settlement proposals. 49.109-6 Section 49.109-6 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 49.109-6 Joint...

48 CFR 1449.107 - Audit of prime contract settlement proposals and subcontract settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Audit of prime contract settlement proposals and subcontract settlements. 1449.107 Section 1449.107 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 1449...

76 FR 13615 - B&B Manufacturing Site; Mobile, Mobile County, AL; Notice of Settlement

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-14

... Site; Mobile, Mobile County, AL; Notice of Settlement AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency. ACTION... settlement for reimbursement of past response costs concerning the B&B Manufacturing Site located in Mobile, Mobile County, Alabama for publication. DATES: The Agency will consider public comments on the settlement...

75 FR 48967 - Proposed Administrative Settlement Agreement Under Section 122(h) of the Comprehensive...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-12

... settlement agreement (``Settlement Agreement'') with Peter S. Austin, the William E. Austin Trust, and Austin... notice, EPA will receive written comments relating to the proposed Settlement Agreement. EPA will..., improper or inadequate. EPA's response to any comments received will be available for public inspection at...

Requirements for Space Settlement Design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gale, Anita E.; Edwards, Richard P.

2004-02-01

When large space settlements are finally built, inevitably the customers who pay for them will start the process by specifying requirements with a Request for Proposal (RFP). Although we are decades away from seeing the first of these documents, some of their contents can be anticipated now, and provide insight into the variety of elements that must be researched and developed before space settlements can happen. Space Settlement Design Competitions for High School students present design challenges in the form of RFPs, which predict basic requirements for space settlement attributes in the future, including structural features, infrastructure, living conveniences, computers, business areas, and safety. These requirements are generically summarized, and unique requirements are noted for specific space settlement locations and applications.

12 CFR 625.20 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlement. 625.20 Section 625.20 Banks and... UNDER THE EQUAL ACCESS TO JUSTICE ACT Procedures for Considering Applications § 625.20 Settlement. A prevailing party and the FCA through its counsel may agree on a proposed settlement of an award at any time...

12 CFR 1705.24 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlement. 1705.24 Section 1705.24 Banks and... Consideration of the Application for Award § 1705.24 Settlement. The applicant and agency counsel may agree on a proposed settlement of an award before the final decision on the application for award is made, either in...

7 CFR 1951.213 - Debt settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Debt settlement. 1951.213 Section 1951.213 Agriculture... and Grants § 1951.213 Debt settlement. Subpart C of part 1956 of this chapter prescribes policies and procedures for debt settlement actions for loans covered under this subpart when it is determined that a debt...

77 FR 64829 - Notice of Filing of Proposed Settlement Agreement Resolving Bankruptcy Proofs of Claim Relating...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-23

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Notice of Filing of Proposed Settlement Agreement Resolving Bankruptcy Proofs of Claim Relating to the Breslube-Penn Superfund Site On October 17, 2012, a proposed Settlement... in March 2012. The proposed Settlement Agreement resolves these proofs of claims by providing for an...

24 CFR 28.45 - Settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Settlements. 28.45 Section 28.45... IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES ACT OF 1986 § 28.45 Settlements. (a) HUD and the respondent may enter into a settlement agreement at any time prior to the issuing of a notice of final...

36 CFR Appendix A to Part 1275 - Settlement Agreement

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Settlement Agreement A... MATERIALS OF THE NIXON ADMINISTRATION Pt. 1275, App. A Appendix A to Part 1275—Settlement Agreement Settlement Agreement filed April 12, 1996, in Stanley I. Kutler and Public Citizen v. John W. Carlin...

36 CFR Appendix A to Part 1275 - Settlement Agreement

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Settlement Agreement A... MATERIALS OF THE NIXON ADMINISTRATION Pt. 1275, App. A Appendix A to Part 1275—Settlement Agreement Settlement Agreement filed April 12, 1996, in Stanley I. Kutler and Public Citizen v. John W. Carlin...

36 CFR Appendix A to Part 1275 - Settlement Agreement

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Settlement Agreement A... MATERIALS OF THE NIXON ADMINISTRATION Pt. 1275, App. A Appendix A to Part 1275—Settlement Agreement Settlement Agreement filed April 12, 1996, in Stanley I. Kutler and Public Citizen v. John W. Carlin...

12 CFR 269b.113 - Withdrawal or settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Withdrawal or settlement. 269b.113 Section 269b.113 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE... Withdrawal or settlement. A charge may be withdrawn or settlement of the matter may be reached without...

26 CFR 1.468B-1 - Qualified settlement funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Qualified settlement funds. 1.468B-1 Section 1... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Taxable Year for Which Deductions Taken § 1.468B-1 Qualified settlement funds. (a) In general. A qualified settlement fund is a fund, account, or trust that satisfies the requirements...

31 CFR 356.25 - How does the settlement process work?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false How does the settlement process work? 356.25 Section 356.25 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued...) Determination of Auction Awards; Settlement § 356.25 How does the settlement process work? Securities bought in...

7 CFR 1427.21 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... § 1427.21 Settlement. (a) The settlement of cotton loans will be made by CCC on the basis of the quality and quantity of the cotton delivered to CCC by the producer or acquired by CCC subject to the producer... maximum storage credit rates as determined and announced by CCC. (b) For purposes of settlements for...

7 CFR 1427.21 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... § 1427.21 Settlement. (a) The settlement of cotton loans will be made by CCC on the basis of the quality and quantity of the cotton delivered to CCC by the producer or acquired by CCC subject to the producer... maximum storage credit rates as determined and announced by CCC. (b) For purposes of settlements for...

7 CFR 1427.21 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... § 1427.21 Settlement. (a) The settlement of cotton loans will be made by CCC on the basis of the quality and quantity of the cotton delivered to CCC by the producer or acquired by CCC subject to the producer... maximum storage credit rates as determined and announced by CCC. (b) For purposes of settlements for...

7 CFR 1427.21 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... § 1427.21 Settlement. (a) The settlement of cotton loans will be made by CCC on the basis of the quality and quantity of the cotton delivered to CCC by the producer or acquired by CCC subject to the producer... maximum storage credit rates as determined and announced by CCC. (b) For purposes of settlements for...

Negotiating Terms and Conditions: An Overview of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Hydropower Settlement Agreement Process

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Levine, Aaron L; Curtis, Taylor L; Shields, Laura

The process for obtaining, transferring, or surrendering a Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) hydropower license or exemption from licensing can be a series of complex negotiations. In many instances, the process may include stakeholders with different and/or competing perspectives or objectives related to the original license, new license (i.e., relicense), transfer of a license, or surrender of a license. Divergent perspectives and objectives can lead to disputes among project participants, which may impact the development of FERC license terms and conditions. One mechanism to resolve disputes between project participants involving a FERC authorization is informal and formal settlement agreement conferences,more » which often result in settlement agreements addressing the disputed issues. This report provides hydropower stakeholders with a better understanding of the FERC settlement agreement process, including information on: How to initiate a settlement agreement. The procedural steps associated with the settlement agreement process. The legal standards the Commission must adhere to when determining whether settlement agreement provisions can become lawful and enforceable terms or conditions of a FERC authorization. Examples of settlement agreement provisions included as license terms and conditions or in off-license agreements from a collection of settlement agreements and Commission orders.« less

Basic Characteristics and Spatial Patterns of Pseudo-Settlements--Taking Dalian as An Example.

PubMed

Gao, Jiaji; Zhang, Yingjia; Li, Xueming

2016-01-20

A person's living behavior patterns are closely related to three types of settlements: real-life settlements, imagined settlements, and pseudo-settlements. The term "pseudo-settlement" (PS) refers to the places that are selectively recorded and represented after the mass media chose and restructure the residence information. As the mass media rapidly develops and people's way of obtaining information gradually change, PS has already become one of the main ways for people to recognize and understand real-life settlements, as well as describe their impressions of imagined settlements. PS also has a profound impact on tourism, employment, investment, migration, real estate development, etc. Thus, the study of PSs has important theoretical and practical significance. This paper proposes to put forward residential quarters where the mass media is displayed as the object of study and establishes the pseudo-settlement index system of Dalian in and elaborate analysis of the concept of PSs. From three aspects, including pseudo-buildings, pseudo-districts and pseudo-culture, this paper uses the ArcGIS 10.0 kernel density (spacial analyst) to analyze and interpret the basic characteristics and spatial patterns of 14 elements of the PS in Dalian. Through systemic clustering analysis, it identifies eight major types of PSs in Dalian. Then it systematically elaborates current situations and characteristics of the spatial pattern of PSs in Dalian, namely: regionally concentrated, widely scattered and blank spaces without pseudo-settlements. Finally, this paper discusses the mechanism of formation of PSs in Dalian.

Deforestation and Carbon Stock Loss in Brazil's Amazonian Settlements.

PubMed

Yanai, Aurora Miho; Nogueira, Euler Melo; de Alencastro Graça, Paulo Maurício Lima; Fearnside, Philip Martin

2017-03-01

We estimate deforestation and the carbon stock in 2740 (82 %) of the 3325 settlements in Brazil's Legal Amazonia region. Estimates are made both using available satellite data and a carbon map for the "pre-modern" period (prior to 1970). We used data from Brazil's Project for Monitoring Deforestation in Amazonia updated through 2013 and from the Brazilian Biomes Deforestation Monitoring Project (PMDBBS) updated through 2010. To obtain the pre-modern and recent carbon stocks we performed an intersection between a carbon map and a map derived from settlement boundaries and deforestation data. Although the settlements analyzed occupied only 8 % of Legal Amazonia, our results indicate that these settlements contributed 17 % (160,410 km 2 ) of total clearing (forest + non-forest) in Legal Amazonia (967,003 km 2 ). This represents a clear-cutting of 41 % of the original vegetation in the settlements. Out of this total, 72 % (115,634 km 2 ) was in the "Federal Settlement Project" (PA) category. Deforestation in settlements represents 20 % (2.6 Pg C) of the total carbon loss in Legal Amazonia (13.1 Pg C). The carbon stock in remaining vegetation represents 3.8 Pg C, or 6 % of the total remaining carbon stock in Legal Amazonia (58.6 Pg C) in the periods analyzed. The carbon reductions in settlements are caused both by the settlers and by external actors. Our findings suggest that agrarian reform policies contributed directly to carbon loss. Thus, the implementation of new settlements should consider potential carbon stock losses, especially if settlements are created in areas with high carbon stocks.

Induction of Larval Settlement in the Reef Coral Porites astreoides by a Cultivated Marine Roseobacter Strain.

PubMed

Sharp, K H; Sneed, J M; Ritchie, K B; Mcdaniel, L; Paul, V J

2015-04-01

Successful larval settlement and recruitment by corals is critical for the survival of coral reef ecosystems. Several closely related strains of γ-proteobacteria have been identified as cues for coral larval settlement, but the inductive properties of other bacterial taxa naturally occurring in reef ecosystems have not yet been explored. In this study, we assayed bacterial strains representing taxonomic groups consistently detected in corals for their ability to influence larval settlement in the coral Porites astreoides. We identified one α-proteobacterial strain, Roseivivax sp. 46E8, which significantly increased larval settlement in P. astreoides. Logarithmic growth phase (log phase) cell cultures of Roseivivax sp. 46E8 and filtrates (0.22μm) from log phase Roseivivax sp. 46E8 cultures significantly increased settlement, suggesting that an extracellular settlement factor is produced during active growth phase. Filtrates from log phase cultures of two other bacterial isolates, Marinobacter sp. 46E3, and Cytophaga sp. 46B6, also significantly increased settlement, but the cell cultures themselves did not. Monospecific biofilms of the three strains did not result in significant increases in larval settlement. Organic and aqueous/methanol extracts of Roseivivax sp. 46E8 cultures did not affect larval settlement. Examination of filtrates from cell cultures showed that Roseivivax sp. 46E8 spontaneously generated virus-like particles in log and stationary phase growth. Though the mechanism of settlement enhancement by Roseivivax sp. 46E8 is not yet elucidated, our findings point to a new aspect of coral-Roseobacter interactions that should be further investigated, especially in naturally occurring, complex microbial biofilms on reef surfaces. © 2015 Marine Biological Laboratory.

Reef-scale failure of coral settlement following typhoon disturbance and macroalgal bloom in Palau, Western Pacific

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doropoulos, Christopher; Roff, George; Zupan, Mirta; Nestor, Victor; Isechal, Adelle L.; Mumby, Peter J.

2014-09-01

Factors affecting coral recruitment are critical in influencing the scope and rate of reef recovery after disturbance. In December 2012, super-typhoon Bopha caused immense damage to the eastern reefs of Palau, resulting in near complete loss of coral cover. Within weeks following the typhoon, an ephemeral monospecific bloom of the foliose red macroalga Liagora (up to 40 % cover in February 2013) was recorded at impacted reefs with moderate wave exposure. Conversely, impacted and un-impacted reefs in areas of low wave exposure remained Liagora free. To quantify the effect of this ephemeral macroalgal bloom on coral recruitment, we installed settlement tiles during the major spawning period (March-April 2013) at forereefs with and without Liagora. Reefs ( n = 3) with Liagora (13-24 % cover in April) experienced an almost complete failure of settlement, with only two individual corals recorded on settlement tiles ( n = 90). This settlement failure was unexpected, as tiles were situated adjacent to, and not within Liagora canopies. In contrast, settlement was significantly higher on reefs that lacked macroalgae ( n = 3), ranging from an average of 0.5-2.5 and 2.7-18.9 individuals 25 cm-2 per top- and under-sided tile, respectively. Reefs with and without Liagora were in close proximity (≤8 km), and hydrodynamic models predicted that larval supply did not limit coral settlement among sites. While some differences in the community composition on the tiles were observed among sites, settlement substrate availability also did not limit coral settlement. Generalised linear mixed effects models indicated that while no settlement substrate explained more than 10 % of the variability in coral settlement, coral cover positively accounted for 26 %, and the cover of Liagora on reefs negatively accounted for more than 50 % of the observed variation. Combined, our results indicate that the typhoon induced ephemeral macroalgal bloom resulted in a reef-scale failure of coral settlement.

Agricultural production and stability of settlement systems in Upper Mesopotamia during the Early Bronze Age (third millennium BCE)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kalayci, Tuna

This study investigates the relationship between rainfall variation and rain-fed agricultural production in Upper Mesopotamia with a specific focus on Early Bronze Age urban settlements. In return, the variation in production is used to explore stability of urban settlement systems. The organization of the flow of agricultural goods is the key to sustaining the total settlement system. The vulnerability of a settlement system increases due to the increased demand for more output from agricultural lands. This demand is the key for the success of urbanization project. However, without estimating how many foodstuffs were available at the end of a production cycle, further discussions on the forces that shaped and sustained urban settlement systems will be lacking. While large scale fluctuations in the flow of agricultural products between settlements are not the only determinants of hierarchical structures, the total available agricultural yield for each urban settlement in a hierarchy must have influenced settlement relations. As for the methodology, first, Early Bronze Age precipitation levels are estimated by using modern day associations between the eastern Mediterranean coastal areas and the inner regions of Upper Mesopotamia. Next, these levels are integrated into a remote-sensing based biological growth model. Also, a CORONA satellite imagery based archaeological survey is conducted in order to map the Early Bronze Age settlement system in its entirety as well as the ancient markers of agricultural intensification. Finally, ancient agricultural production landscapes are modeled in a GIS. The study takes a critical position towards the traditionally held assumption that large urban settlements (cities) in Upper Mesopotamia were in a state of constant demand for food. The results from this study also suggest that when variations in ancient precipitation levels are translated into the variations in production levels, the impact of climatic aridification on ancient settlement systems becomes less visible in the archaeological record.

Human Lunar Destiny: Past, Present, and Future

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fletcher, David

2002-01-01

This paper offers conceptual strategy and rationale for returning astronauts to the moon. NASA's historic Apollo program enabled humans to make the first expeditionary voyages to the moon and to gather and return samples back to the earth for further study. To continue exploration of the moon within the next ten to fifteen years, one possible mission concept for returning astronauts using existing launch vehicle infrastructure is presented. During these early lunar missions, expeditionary trips are made to geographical destinations and permanent outposts are established at the lunar south pole. As these missions continue, mining operations begin in an effort to learn how to live off the land. Over time, a burgeoning economy based on mining and scientific activity emerges with the formation of more accommodating settlements and surface infrastructure assets. As lunar activity advances, surface infrastructure assets grow and become more complex, lunar settlements and outposts are established across the globe, travel to and from the moon becomes common place, and commerce between earth and the moon develops and flourishes. Colonization and development of the moon is completed with the construction of underground cities and the establishment of a full range of political, religious, educational, and recreational institutions with a diverse population from all nations of the world. Finally, rationale for diversifying concentrations of humanity throughout earth's neighborhood and the greater solar system is presented.

Modular Extended-Stay HyperGravity Facility Design Concept: An Artificial-Gravity Space-Settlement Ground Analogue

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dorais, Gregory A.

2015-01-01

This document defines the design concept for a ground-based, extended-stay hypergravity facility as a precursor for space-based artificial-gravity facilities that extend the permanent presence of both human and non-human life beyond Earth in artificial-gravity settlements. Since the Earth's current human population is stressing the environment and the resources off-Earth are relatively unlimited, by as soon as 2040 more than one thousand people could be living in Earthorbiting artificial-gravity habitats. Eventually, the majority of humanity may live in artificialgravity habitats throughout this solar system as well as others, but little is known about the longterm (multi-generational) effects of artificial-gravity habitats on people, animals, and plants. In order to extend life permanently beyond Earth, it would be useful to create an orbiting space facility that generates 1g as well as other gravity levels to rigorously address the numerous challenges of such an endeavor. Before doing so, developing a ground-based artificial-gravity facility is a reasonable next step. Just as the International Space Station is a microgravity research facility, at a small fraction of the cost and risk a ground-based artificial-gravity facility can begin to address a wide-variety of the artificial-gravity life-science questions and engineering challenges requiring long-term research to enable people, animals, and plants to live off-Earth indefinitely.

15 CFR 904.213 - Settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL REGULATIONS CIVIL PROCEDURES Hearing and Appeal Procedures General § 904.213 Settlements. If settlement is reached before the Judge has...

78 FR 1854 - Enterprise TE Products Pipeline Company LLC; Notice of Change in Date of Settlement Conference

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-09

... Products Pipeline Company LLC; Notice of Change in Date of Settlement Conference Take notice that the informal settlement conference that was to be convened in this proceeding on January 3, 2013, will now be... Commission, 888 First Street NE., Washington, DC 20426, for the purpose of exploring the possible settlement...

48 CFR 49.603-4 - Cost-reimbursement contracts-complete termination, with settlement limited to fee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... settlement limited to fee. [Insert the following in Block 14 of SF 30 for settlement of cost-reimbursement... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost-reimbursement contracts-complete termination, with settlement limited to fee. 49.603-4 Section 49.603-4 Federal...

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of the Inhabitants of the Kani Forest Tribal Settlements of Tiruvananthapuram District, Kerala, India

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nandha, B.; Srinivasan, R.; Jambulingam, P.

2014-01-01

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is reported among Kani tribes in forest settlements of Tiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, India. Epidemiological investigations are ongoing and 27 histopathologically confirmed cases of CL have been reported from five settlements indicating transmission of disease within settlements. One of the priorities for…

26 CFR 302.1 - Statutory provisions and Executive order; section 212 of the International Claims Settlement Act...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... ADMINISTRATION TAXES UNDER THE INTERNATIONAL CLAIMS SETTLEMENT ACT, AS AMENDED AUGUST 9, 1955 § 302.1 Statutory provisions and Executive order; section 212 of the International Claims Settlement Act, and Executive Order...; section 212 of the International Claims Settlement Act, and Executive Order 10644. 302.1 Section 302.1...

77 FR 47095 - Notice of Proposed Settlement Agreement Under the Park System Resource Protection Act

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-07

... of Interior, National Park Service has reached a settlement with University of Miami, on behalf of... the Settlement Agreement between the United States and University of Miami and the R/V F.G. Walton... of the Settlement Agreement may also be obtained by mail from the Consent Decree Library, P.O. Box...

Meeting the Education and Training Needs of Immigrant Settlement Workers through Open Learning: A Needs and Feasibility Study. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Black, Don

A study examined the education and training needs of immigrant settlement workers in British Columbia (Canada) and the feasibility of meeting their needs through open learning. Information was gathered using the following methods: 119 questionnaires collected from settlement workers, focus group discussions with 40 settlement workers, telephone…

29 CFR 1608.6 - Affirmative action plans which are part of Commission conciliation or settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... conciliation or settlement agreements. 1608.6 Section 1608.6 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued... settlement agreement executed under title VII and approved by a responsible official of the EEOC is the basis... settlement agreement was approved by a responsible official of the EEOC, and (2) Whether adherence to the...

29 CFR 1608.6 - Affirmative action plans which are part of Commission conciliation or settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... conciliation or settlement agreements. 1608.6 Section 1608.6 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued... settlement agreement executed under title VII and approved by a responsible official of the EEOC is the basis... settlement agreement was approved by a responsible official of the EEOC, and (2) Whether adherence to the...

29 CFR 1608.6 - Affirmative action plans which are part of Commission conciliation or settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... conciliation or settlement agreements. 1608.6 Section 1608.6 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued... settlement agreement executed under title VII and approved by a responsible official of the EEOC is the basis... settlement agreement was approved by a responsible official of the EEOC, and (2) Whether adherence to the...

29 CFR 1608.6 - Affirmative action plans which are part of Commission conciliation or settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... conciliation or settlement agreements. 1608.6 Section 1608.6 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued... settlement agreement executed under title VII and approved by a responsible official of the EEOC is the basis... settlement agreement was approved by a responsible official of the EEOC, and (2) Whether adherence to the...

29 CFR 1608.6 - Affirmative action plans which are part of Commission conciliation or settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... conciliation or settlement agreements. 1608.6 Section 1608.6 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued... settlement agreement executed under title VII and approved by a responsible official of the EEOC is the basis... settlement agreement was approved by a responsible official of the EEOC, and (2) Whether adherence to the...

Marie Russo: An Oral History of the Italian Settlement House

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beard, Kathryn H.

2010-01-01

The Settlement House Movement in the United States was a response by progressive reformers to meet the needs of urban poor and immigrant families in the early years of the 20th century. Some settlements were outreach services of churches. There are limited accounts of the experiences of the individuals who used the settlement houses. This study…

26 CFR 1.468B - Designated settlement funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Designated settlement funds. 1.468B Section 1... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Taxable Year for Which Deductions Taken § 1.468B Designated settlement funds. A designated settlement fund, as defined in section 468B(d)(2), is taxed in the manner described in § 1.468B-2...

The Researches on Cycle-Changeable Generation Settlement Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

XU, Jun; LONG, Suyan; LV, Jianhu

2018-03-01

Through the analysis of the business characteristics and problems of price adjustment, a cycle-changeable generation settlement method is proposed to support any time cycle settlement, and put forward a complete set of solutions, including the creation of settlement tasks, time power dismantle, generating fixed cycle of electricity, net energy split. At the same time, the overall design flow of cycle-changeable settlement is given. This method supports multiple price adjustments during the month, and also is an effective solution to the cost reduction of month-after price adjustment.

The use of a numerical method to justify the criteria for the maximum settlement of the tank foundation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tarasenko, Alexander; Chepur, Petr; Gruchenkova, Alesya

2017-11-01

The article examines the problem of assessing the permissible values of uneven settlement for a vertical steel tank base and foundation. A numerical experiment was performed using a finite element model of the tank. The model took into account the geometric shape of the structure and its additional stiffening elements that affect the stress-strain state of the tank. An equation was obtained that allowed determining the maximum possible deformation of the bottom outer contour during uneven settlement. Depending on the length of the uneven settlement zone, the values of the permissible settlement of the tank base were determined. The article proposes new values of the maximum permissible tank settlement with additional stiffening elements.

Alternative Fuels Data Center

Science.gov Websites

Volkswagen Settlement Allocation The Wisconsin Department of Administration (DOA) may use funds awarded to Wisconsin through the Volkswagen Clean Air Act Civil Settlement (Settlement) to replace

Socioeconomic characteristics of the population living in Roma settlements and their association with health and health-related behaviour.

PubMed

Gecková, Andrea Madarasová; Babinská, Ingrid; Bobáková, Daniela; Veselská, Zuzana Dankulincová; Bosáková, Lucia; Kolarcik, Peter; Jarcuska, Peter; Pella, Daniel; Halánová, Monika

2014-03-01

The aim of this study was to compare socioeconomic characteristics of the Roma population living in Roma settlements with the majority population. Moreover, it was aimed to assess socioeconomic differences in health and health-related behaviour within the population living in Roma settlements. Data from the cross-sectional HepaMeta study conducted in Slovakia in 2011 were used. The sample consisted of 452 Roma (mean age = 34.7; 35.2% men) and 403 non-Roma (mean age = 33.5; 45.9% men) respondents. Roma in selected settlements were recruited by local Roma community workers. Respondents from the major population were randomly selected from a list of patients from general practitioners. Data were collected via questionnaire, anthropometric measures and analysed blood samples. Differences in socioeconomic characteristics between the population living in Roma settlements and the majority population were tested using the chi-square test. The contribution of selected socioeconomic characteristics on health and health-related behaviour of the population living in Roma settlements was assessed by logistic regression models adjusted for age and gender. The population living in Roma settlements is characterised by significantly lower socioeconomic standards, and the living conditions are significantly worse compared with the majority. With few exceptions, the study did not confirm any significant association between socioeconomic indicators and health and health-related behaviour within the population living in Roma settlements. The deteriorating effect of living in Roma settlement on health and health-related behaviour seems to be immense regardless differences in socioeconomic characteristics or living condition within the settlement population.

A comparison of social and spatial determinants of health between formal and informal settlements in a large metropolitan setting in Brazil.

PubMed

Snyder, Robert E; Jaimes, Guillermo; Riley, Lee W; Faerstein, Eduardo; Corburn, Jason

2014-06-01

Urban informal settlements are often under-recognized in national and regional surveys. A lack of quality intra-urban data frequently contributes to a one-size-fits-all public health intervention and clinical strategies that rarely address the variegated socioeconomic disparities across and within different informal settlements in a city. The 2010 Brazilian census gathered detailed population and place-based data across the country's informal settlements. Here, we examined key socio-demographic and infrastructure characteristics that are associated with health outcomes in Rio de Janeiro with the census tract as the unit of analysis. Many of the city's residents (1.39 million people, 22 % of the population) live in informal settlements. Residents of census tracts in Rio de Janeiro's urban informal areas are younger, (median age of 26 versus 35 years in formal settlements), and have less access to adequate water (96 versus 99 % of informal households), sanitation (86 versus 96 %), and electricity (67 versus 92 %). Average per household income in informal settlement census tracts is less than one third that of non-informal tracts (US\\$708 versus US\\$2362). Even among informal settlements in different planning areas in the same city, there is marked variation in these characteristics. Public health interventions, clinical management, and urban planning policies aiming to improve the living conditions of the people residing in informal settlements, including government strategies currently underway, must consider the differences that exist between and within informal settlements that shape place-based physical and social determinants of health.

Geothermal Power Supply Systems around the World and in Russia: State of the Art and Future Prospects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Butuzov, V. A.; Amerkhanov, R. A.; Grigorash, O. V.

2018-05-01

Solar and geothermal energy systems are shown to have received the widest use among all kinds of renewable sources of energy for heat supply purposes around the world. The power capacities and amounts of thermal energy generated by solar and geothermal heat supply systems around the world are presented by way of comparison. The thermal power capacity of solar heat supply systems installed around the world as of 2015 totaled 268.1 GW, and the thermal energy generated by them amounted to 225 TW h/year. The thermal power capacity of geothermal heat supply systems installed around the world totaled 70.3 GW, and the thermal energy generated by them amounted to 163 TW h/year. Information on the geothermal heat supply systems in the leading countries around the world based on the data reported at the World Geothermal Congress held in 2015 is presented. It is shown that China, with the installed thermal power capacities of its geothermal heat supply stations totaling 17.87 GW and the amount of thermal energy generated per annum equal to 48.435 TW h/year, is the world's leader in this respect. The structures of geothermal heat supply systems by the kinds of heat consumption used around the world are presented. The systems equipped with geothermal heat pumps accounted for 70.95% in the total installed capacity and for 55.3% in the total amount of generated heat. For systems that do not use heat pumps, those serving for pools account for the largest share amounting to 44.74% in installed capacity and to 45.43% in generated heat. A total of 2218 geothermal wells with the total length equal to 9534 km (with 38.7% of them for heat supply purposes) were drilled in 42 countries in the period from 2010 to 2014. In Russia, geothermal heat supply systems are in operation mainly in Dagestan, in Krasnodar krai, and in Kamchatka. The majority of these systems have been made without breaking the stream after the well outlet. A cyclic control arrangement is also used. The combined geothermal and solar heat supply system with an installed thermal power capacity of 5 MW that is in operation in the Rozovyi settlement, Krasnodar krai, is described. In the summer time, the solar installation with a capacity of 115 kW is used for supplying hot water to residential houses and for restoring the geothermal well pore pressure. The basic process circuit and characteristics of the geothermal heat supply system with the installed thermal power capacity of 8.7 MW operating in the Khankala settlement, the city of Groznyi, are given. The specific feature of this system is that the spent geothermal heat carrier is reinjected into a specially drilled inclined well. Advanced geothermal heat supply technologies involving reinjection of the spent geothermal heat carrier, combination with binary power units, use of heat pumps for recovering the spent heat carrier, and protection of equipment from corrosion and deposits are proposed.

Settlement analysis of fresh and partially stabilised municipal solid waste in simulated controlled dumps and bioreactor landfills.

PubMed

Swati, M; Joseph, Kurian

2008-01-01

The patterns of settlement of fresh as well as partially stabilised municipal solid waste (MSW), undergoing degradation in five different landfill lysimeters, were studied elaborately. The first two lysimeters, R1 and R2, contained fresh MSW while the other three lysimeters, R3, R4 and R5, contained partially stabilised MSW. R1 and R3 simulated conventional controlled dumps with fortnightly disposal of drained leachate. R2 and R4 simulated bioreactor landfills with leachate recirculation. Fortnightly water flushing was done in R5. Settlement of MSW, monitored over a period of 58 weeks, was correlated with the organic carbon content of leachate and residual volatile matter in the MSW to establish the relationship between settlement and organic destruction. Compressibility parameters such as modulus of elasticity and compression indices were determined and empirical equations were applied for the settlement data. Overall settlements up to 49% were observed in the case of landfill lysimeters, filled with fresh MSW. Landfill lysimeters with liquid addition, in the form of leachate or water, experienced lower primary settlements and higher secondary settlements than conventional fills, where no liquid addition was practised. Modified secondary compression indices for MSW in lysimeters with leachate recirculation and flushing were 30%-44% higher than that for lysimeters where no liquid addition was done. Secondary settlements in bioreactor landfills were found to vary exponentially with time.

48 CFR 49.108-3 - Settlement procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 49.108-3 Settlement procedure. (a) Contractors shall settle with subcontractors in general conformity with the policies and principles relating to settlement...

20 CFR 10.713 - How is a structured settlement (that is, a settlement providing for receipt of funds over a...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... present value of the right to receive all of the payments included in the structured settlement, allocated... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How is a structured settlement (that is, a... the gross recovery? 10.713 Section 10.713 Employees' Benefits OFFICE OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS...

26 CFR 1.6050W-1 - Information reporting for payments made in settlement of payment card and third party network...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... settlement of payment card and third party network transactions. 1.6050W-1 Section 1.6050W-1 Internal Revenue... card and third party network transactions. (a) In general—(1) General rule. Every payment settlement... party network transaction (as defined in paragraph (c)(1) of this section). (4) Payment settlement...

76 FR 41795 - Granting of Request for Early Termination of the Waiting Period Under the Premerger Notification...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-15

...; Robert M. Chipman. 20110936 G 2003 TIL Settlement; LPF Atlanta LLC; 2003 TIL Settlement. 20110937 G.../2011 20110867 G Ebro Food S.A.; SOS Corporacion Alementaria, S.A.; Ebro Food S.A. 20110918 G 2003 TIL Settlement; Thoma Cressey Fund VIII, L.P.; 2003 TIL Settlement. 20110942 G Wells Fargo & Company; Castle...

Biological challenges of true space settlement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mankins, John C.; Mankins, Willa M.; Walter, Helen

2018-05-01

"Space Settlements" - i.e., permanent human communities beyond Earth's biosphere - have been discussed within the space advocacy community since the 1970s. Now, with the end of the International Space Station (ISS) program fast approaching (planned for 2024-2025) and the advent of low cost Earth-to-orbit (ETO) transportation in the near future, the concept is coming once more into mainstream. Considerable attention has been focused on various issues associated with the engineering and human health considerations of space settlement such as artificial gravity and radiation shielding. However, relatively little attention has been given to the biological implications of a self-sufficient space settlement. Three fundamental questions are explored in this paper: (1) what are the biological "foundations" of truly self-sufficient space settlements in the foreseeable future, (2) what is the minimum scale for such self-sustaining human settlements, and (3) what are the integrated biologically-driven system requirements for such settlements? The paper examines briefly the implications of the answers to these questions in relevant potential settings (including free space, the Moon and Mars). Finally, this paper suggests relevant directions for future research and development in order for such space settlements to become viable in the future.

Towards guidelines for post-disaster vulnerability reduction in informal settlements.

PubMed

Doberstein, Brent; Stager, Heather

2013-01-01

Although the development community has long recognised that securing land tenure and improving housing design can benefit significantly informal settlement residents, there is little research on these issues in communities exposed to natural disasters and hazards. Informal settlements often are located on land left vacant because of inherent risks, such as floodplains, and there is a long history worldwide of disasters affecting informal settlements. This research tackles the following questions: how can informal settlement vulnerabilities be reduced in a post-disaster setting?; and what are the key issues to address in post-disaster reconstruction? The main purpose of the paper is to develop a set of initial guidelines for post-disaster risk reduction in informal settlements, stressing connections to tenure and housing/community design in the reconstruction process. The paper examines disaster and reconstruction responses in two disaster-affected regions-Jimani, Dominican Republic, and Vargas State, Venezuela-where informal settlements have been hit particularly hard. © 2013 The Author(s). Journal compilation © Overseas Development Institute, 2013.

Disaster risk reduction capacity assessment for precarious settlements in Guatemala City.

PubMed

Miles, Scott B; Green, Rebekah A; Svekla, Walter

2012-07-01

This study presents findings of an institutional capacity analysis of urban disaster risk reduction for informal settlements in the Guatemala Metropolitan Region. It uses a resource access perspective of vulnerability, actor-network theory, and qualitative data collection. The analysis reveals that there is interest in disaster risk reduction for the informal settlements; however, there is little in the way of direct financial or oversight relationships between informal settlement residents and all other actors. Respondents observed that informal settlements would probably remain inhabited; thus, there is a need for disaster risk reduction within these settlements. Disaster risk reduction capacity for informal settlements exists and can be further leveraged, as long as steps are taken to ensure appropriate access to and control of resources and oversight. Further, the nascent institutional arrangements should be strengthened through increased communication and coordination between actors, a decentralization of oversight and financial relationships, and mediation of identified resource conflicts. © 2012 The Author(s). Journal compilation © Overseas Development Institute, 2012.

Determinants of states' allocations of the master settlement agreement payments.

PubMed

Sloan, Frank A; Carlisle, Emily Streyer; Rattliff, John R; Trogdon, Justin

2005-08-01

To determine which factors influence states' allocation decisions for the tobacco Master Settlement Agreement and the four individual settlements' annual payments, including the decision to securitize, we analyzed the effects of voter characteristics, political parties, interest groups, prior spending on public tobacco control programs, and state fiscal health on per capita settlement funds allocated to tobacco-control, health, and other programs. Tobacco-producing states and those with high proportions of conservative Democrats or elderly, black, Hispanic, or wealthy people tended to spend less on tobacco control. Education and medical lobbies had strong positive influences on per capita allocations for tobacco-control and health-related programs. State fiscal crises affected amounts spent by states from settlement funds as well as the probability of securitizing future cash flows from the settlements.

Larval traits carry over to affect post-settlement behaviour in a common coral reef fish.

PubMed

Dingeldein, Andrea L; White, J Wilson

2016-07-01

Most reef fishes begin life as planktonic larvae before settling to the reef, metamorphosing and entering the benthic adult population. Different selective forces determine survival in the planktonic and benthic life stages, but traits established in the larval stage may carry over to affect post-settlement performance. We tested the hypothesis that larval traits affect two key post-settlement fish behaviours: social group-joining and foraging. Certain larval traits of reef fishes are permanently recorded in the rings in their otoliths. In the bluehead wrasse (Thalassoma bifasciatum), prior work has shown that key larval traits recorded in otoliths (growth rate, energetic condition at settlement) carry over to affect post-settlement survival on the reef, with higher-larval-condition fish experiencing less post-settlement mortality. We hypothesized that this selective mortality is mediated by carry-over effects on post-settlement antipredator behaviours. We predicted that better-condition fish would forage less and be more likely to join groups, both behaviours that would reduce predation risk. We collected 550 recently settled bluehead wrasse (Thalassoma bifasciatum) from three reef sites off St. Croix (USVI) and performed two analyses. First, we compared each settler's larval traits to the size of its social group to determine whether larval traits influenced group-joining behaviour. Secondly, we observed foraging behaviour in a subset of grouped and solitary fish (n = 14) for 1-4 days post-settlement. We then collected the fish and tested whether larval traits influenced the proportion of time spent foraging. Body length at settlement, but not condition, affected group-joining behaviour; smaller fish were more likely to remain solitary or in smaller groups. However, both greater length and better condition were associated with greater proportions of time spent foraging over four consecutive days post-settlement. Larval traits carry over to affect post-settlement behaviour, although not as we expected: higher quality larvae join groups more frequently (safer) but then forage more. Foraging is risky but may allow faster post-settlement growth, reducing mortality risk in the long run. This shows that behaviour likely serves as a mechanistic link connecting larval traits to post-settlement selective mortality. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Animal Ecology © 2016 British Ecological Society.

The health of populations living in the indigenous minority settlements of northern Yakutia.

PubMed

Burtseva, Tatiana E; Uvarova, Tatiana E; Tomsky, Mikhail I; Odland, Jon Ø

2014-01-01

This monograph contains the results of a study carried out by the Yakutsk Research Center for Complex Medical Problems, "Evaluating the health of the indigenous minorities of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) and optimizing medical assistance using innovative technologies and telemedicine in indigenous settlements." The child population was studied in 19 indigenous minority settlements, and the adult population was studied in 12 settlements.

Water-Rights Settlements and Reclamation in Central Arizona as a Cross-Cultural Experience: A Reexamination of Native Water Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matsui, Kenichi

2011-01-01

As of December 2010, the US Congress had enacted more than twenty major community-specific Native water-rights settlements, and the state of Arizona had more of these settlements (eight) than any other US state. This unique situation has invited voluminous studies on Arizona's Native water-rights settlements. Although these studies have clarified…

Biotic and abiotic effects of human settlements in the wildland-urban interface

Treesearch

Avi Bar-Massada; Volker C. Radeloff; Susan I. Stewart

2014-01-01

The wildland-urban interface (WUI) is the area in which human settlements adjoin or intermix with ecosystems. Although research on the WUI has been focused on wildfire risk to settlements, we argue here that there is a need to quantify the extent of areas in which human settlements interact with adjoining ecosystems, regardless of their ability to support fire spread....

Technology needs for lunar and Mars space transfer systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Woodcock, Gordon R.; Cothran, Bradley C.; Donahue, Benjamin; Mcghee, Jerry

1991-01-01

The determination of appropriate space transportation technologies and operating modes is discussed with respect to both lunar and Mars missions. Three levels of activity are set forth to examine the sensitivity of transportation preferences including 'minimum,' 'full science,' and 'industrialization and settlement' categories. High-thrust-profile missions for lunar and Mars transportation are considered in terms of their relative advantages, and transportation options are defined in terms of propulsion and braking technologies. Costs and life-cycle cost estimates are prepared for the transportation preferences by using a parametric cost model, and a return-on-investment summary is given. Major technological needs for the programs are listed and include storable propulsion systems; cryogenic engines and fluids management; aerobraking; and nuclear thermal, nuclear electric, electric, and solar electric propulsion technologies.

A Blueprint of an International Lunar Robotic Village

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alkalai, Leon

2012-01-01

Human civilization is destined to look, find and develop a second habitable destination in our Solar System, besides Earth: Moon and Mars are the two most likely and credible places based on proximity, available local resources and economics Recent international missions have brought back valuable information on both Moon and Mars. The vision is: A permanent presence on the Moon using advanced robotic systems as precursors to the future human settlement of the Moon is possible in the near-term. An international effort should be initiated to create a permanent robotic village to demonstrate and validate advanced technologies and systems across international boundaries, conduct broad science, explore new regions of the Moon and Mars, develop infrastructure, human habitats and shelters, facilitate development of commerce and stimulate public involvement and education.

Rising CO2 concentrations affect settlement behaviour of larval damselfishes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Devine, B. M.; Munday, P. L.; Jones, G. P.

2012-03-01

Reef fish larvae actively select preferred benthic habitat, relying on olfactory, visual and acoustic cues to discriminate between microhabitats at settlement. Recent studies show exposure to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) impairs olfactory cue recognition in larval reef fishes. However, whether this alters the behaviour of settling fish or disrupts habitat selection is unknown. Here, the effect of elevated CO2 on larval behaviour and habitat selection at settlement was tested in three species of damselfishes (family Pomacentridae) that differ in their pattern of habitat use: Pomacentrus amboinensis (a habitat generalist), Pomacentrus chrysurus (a rubble specialist) and Pomacentrus moluccensis (a live coral specialist). Settlement-stage larvae were exposed to current-day CO2 levels or CO2 concentrations that could occur by 2100 (700 and 850 ppm) based on IPCC emission scenarios. First, pair-wise choice tests were performed using a two-channel flume chamber to test olfactory discrimination between hard coral, soft coral and coral rubble habitats. The habitat selected by settling fish was then compared among treatments using a multi-choice settlement experiment conducted overnight. Finally, settlement timing between treatments was compared across two lunar cycles for one of the species, P. chrysurus. Exposure to elevated CO2 disrupted the ability of larvae to discriminate between habitat odours in olfactory trials. However, this had no effect on the habitats selected at settlement when all sensory cues were available. The timing of settlement was dramatically altered by CO2 exposure, with control fish exhibiting peak settlement around the new moon, whereas fish exposed to 850 ppm CO2 displaying highest settlement rates around the full moon. These results suggest larvae can rely on other sensory information, such as visual cues, to compensate for impaired olfactory ability when selecting settlement habitat at small spatial scales. However, rising CO2 could cause larvae to settle at unfavourable times, with potential consequences for larval survival and population replenishment.

49 CFR 511.64 - Petitions for settlement; timing, contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... section proposing conditions for settlement. Conditions for settlement can be specific acts designed to... technology development programs, or making public the results of privately performed studies, surveys, or research activities. ...

49 CFR 511.64 - Petitions for settlement; timing, contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... section proposing conditions for settlement. Conditions for settlement can be specific acts designed to... technology development programs, or making public the results of privately performed studies, surveys, or research activities. ...

49 CFR 511.64 - Petitions for settlement; timing, contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... section proposing conditions for settlement. Conditions for settlement can be specific acts designed to... technology development programs, or making public the results of privately performed studies, surveys, or research activities. ...

49 CFR 511.64 - Petitions for settlement; timing, contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... section proposing conditions for settlement. Conditions for settlement can be specific acts designed to... technology development programs, or making public the results of privately performed studies, surveys, or research activities. ...

49 CFR 511.64 - Petitions for settlement; timing, contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... section proposing conditions for settlement. Conditions for settlement can be specific acts designed to... technology development programs, or making public the results of privately performed studies, surveys, or research activities. ...

The Space Homestead and Creation of Real Estate and Industry beyond Earth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Detweiler, Michael K.; Curreri, Peter A.

2008-01-01

During the 1970s large habitats were proposed by G. K. O'Neill and studied by NASA that could house 10,000 to 4 million people in Earth/Moon space. These people would be employed in building space solar satellites and more habitats for new settlers. Such a program, the NASA studies concluded, could reach financial break even in 38 years with peak Apollo level expenditures. It was suggested in a previous paper that human settlement of space could begin not by building city size structures but with a minimum technology habitat that could provide subsistence for a more minimal number of people and be capable of producing new habitats with extraterrestrial materials and energy. These habitats would be mostly independent from Earth. The approach could provide a quicker return on investment and lower start-up costs, and could be of a scale that could be developed and tested within the planned NASA transportation and lunar base architecture. This paper examines the population growth kinetics of humans in space, and the development of space solar power industry using small bolo shaped habitats in comparison to using larger habitat designs as considered in the 1970s.

Typology of Slum Management in Coastal Settlement as a Reference of Neighborhood Planning in Konawe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Santi; Bachrun, Ratna; Ornam, Kurniati

2017-05-01

Handling slum area actually needs to be done not only in slum areas that are part of a metropolitan city or a large town, but it also need to be conducted in the slum areas in the middle city, small town, and coastal areas. A slum generally includes physical condition, socio-economic conditions of cultural communities who live in the settlements, and the impact of both of these conditions. Environmental coastal settlements in Konawe located in the riverside that lead to loss of quality due to environmental stress of the condition of settlement that are not habitable, can be seen from the problems that exist, namely the existence of housing that goes into river body which causes malfunction of watershed river (DAS), and that is prone to flooding. The purpose of this study is to identify slums in coastal settlements in an effort to improve the quality of structured settlements to obtain a picture of the slum in Konawe, to know the problems regarding the existence of slums and future recommendation of the slum settlement in Konawe. Normative analysis was carried out in this research together with quantitative and qualitative description, as well as methods of spatial analysis (spatial). Identification of slum areas was analyzed based on indicators and parameters issued by the Directorate General of Human Settlements. Problems in some districts in Konawe located in the coastal rivers and coastal areas, consist of drainage, disposal of waste water, waste, and the settlement which is not in accordance with the Spatial Konawe. Among those, there are settlements categorized as slums and some are recommended for refurbishment.

Oyster Larvae Settle in Response to Habitat-Associated Underwater Sounds

PubMed Central

Lillis, Ashlee; Eggleston, David B.; Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R.

2013-01-01

Following a planktonic dispersal period of days to months, the larvae of benthic marine organisms must locate suitable seafloor habitat in which to settle and metamorphose. For animals that are sessile or sedentary as adults, settlement onto substrates that are adequate for survival and reproduction is particularly critical, yet represents a challenge since patchily distributed settlement sites may be difficult to find along a coast or within an estuary. Recent studies have demonstrated that the underwater soundscape, the distinct sounds that emanate from habitats and contain information about their biological and physical characteristics, may serve as broad-scale environmental cue for marine larvae to find satisfactory settlement sites. Here, we contrast the acoustic characteristics of oyster reef and off-reef soft bottoms, and investigate the effect of habitat-associated estuarine sound on the settlement patterns of an economically and ecologically important reef-building bivalve, the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). Subtidal oyster reefs in coastal North Carolina, USA show distinct acoustic signatures compared to adjacent off-reef soft bottom habitats, characterized by consistently higher levels of sound in the 1.5–20 kHz range. Manipulative laboratory playback experiments found increased settlement in larval oyster cultures exposed to oyster reef sound compared to unstructured soft bottom sound or no sound treatments. In field experiments, ambient reef sound produced higher levels of oyster settlement in larval cultures than did off-reef sound treatments. The results suggest that oyster larvae have the ability to respond to sounds indicative of optimal settlement sites, and this is the first evidence that habitat-related differences in estuarine sounds influence the settlement of a mollusk. Habitat-specific sound characteristics may represent an important settlement and habitat selection cue for estuarine invertebrates and could play a role in driving settlement and recruitment patterns in marine communities. PMID:24205381

Oyster larvae settle in response to habitat-associated underwater sounds.

PubMed

Lillis, Ashlee; Eggleston, David B; Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R

2013-01-01

Following a planktonic dispersal period of days to months, the larvae of benthic marine organisms must locate suitable seafloor habitat in which to settle and metamorphose. For animals that are sessile or sedentary as adults, settlement onto substrates that are adequate for survival and reproduction is particularly critical, yet represents a challenge since patchily distributed settlement sites may be difficult to find along a coast or within an estuary. Recent studies have demonstrated that the underwater soundscape, the distinct sounds that emanate from habitats and contain information about their biological and physical characteristics, may serve as broad-scale environmental cue for marine larvae to find satisfactory settlement sites. Here, we contrast the acoustic characteristics of oyster reef and off-reef soft bottoms, and investigate the effect of habitat-associated estuarine sound on the settlement patterns of an economically and ecologically important reef-building bivalve, the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). Subtidal oyster reefs in coastal North Carolina, USA show distinct acoustic signatures compared to adjacent off-reef soft bottom habitats, characterized by consistently higher levels of sound in the 1.5-20 kHz range. Manipulative laboratory playback experiments found increased settlement in larval oyster cultures exposed to oyster reef sound compared to unstructured soft bottom sound or no sound treatments. In field experiments, ambient reef sound produced higher levels of oyster settlement in larval cultures than did off-reef sound treatments. The results suggest that oyster larvae have the ability to respond to sounds indicative of optimal settlement sites, and this is the first evidence that habitat-related differences in estuarine sounds influence the settlement of a mollusk. Habitat-specific sound characteristics may represent an important settlement and habitat selection cue for estuarine invertebrates and could play a role in driving settlement and recruitment patterns in marine communities.

A Glycoprotein in Shells of Conspecifics Induces Larval Settlement of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas

PubMed Central

Vasquez, Hebert Ely; Hashimoto, Kyotaro; Yoshida, Asami; Hara, Kenji; Imai, Chisato Chris; Kitamura, Hitoshi; Satuito, Cyril Glenn

2013-01-01

Settlement of larvae of Crassostrea gigas on shell chips (SC) prepared from shells of 11 different species of mollusks was investigated. Furthermore, the settlement inducing compound in the shell of C. gigas was extracted and subjected to various treatments to characterize the chemical cue. C. gigas larvae settled on SC of all species tested except on Patinopecten yessoensis and Atrina pinnata. In SC of species that induced C. gigas larvae to settle, settlement was proportionate to the amount of SC supplied to the larvae. When compared to C. gigas SC, all species except Crassostrea nippona showed lower settlement inducing activities, suggesting that the cue may be more abundant or in a more available form to the larvae in shells of conspecific and C. nippona than in other species. The settlement inducing activity of C. gigas SC remained intact after antibiotic treatment. Extraction of C. gigas SC with diethyl ether (Et2O-ex), ethanol (EtOH-ex), and water (Aq-ex) did not induce larval settlement of C. gigas larvae. However, extraction of C. gigas SC with 2N of hydrochloric acid (HCl-ex) induced larval settlement that was at the same level as the SC. The settlement inducing compound in the HCl-ex was stable at 100°C but was destroyed or degraded after pepsin, trypsin, PNGase F and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid treatments. This chemical cue eluted between the molecular mass range of 45 and 150 kDa after gel filtration and revealed a major band at 55 kDa on the SDS-PAGE gel after staining with Stains-all. Thus, a 55 kDa glycoprotein component in the organic matrix of C. gigas shells is hypothesized to be the chemical basis of larval settlement on conspecifics. PMID:24349261

Settlement study : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-09-01

This report covers field observations of several medium and high embankments' settlement along Interstate Highways 12 and 20. The predictive settlements from laboratory tests (consolidation tests) are given in an interim report published in July, 198...

Structured settlement annuities, part 1: overview and the underwriting process.

PubMed

Schmidt, C J; Singer, R B

2000-01-01

Structured settlement underwriting is the underwriting of medically impaired lives for the purchase of an annuity to fund the settlement. Other than risk assessment, structured settlement (SS) underwriting has little in common with traditional life insurance underwriting. Most noteworthy of these differences is the relative lack of actuarial data on which to base decisions about mortality and the necessity for prospective thinking about risk assessment. The purpose of this paper is to provide a foundation for understanding the structured settlement business and to contrast the underwriting of structured settlements with that of traditional life insurance. This is the first part of a two-part article on SS annuities. Part 2 deals with the mortality experience in SS annuitants and the life-table methodology used to calculate life expectancy for annuitants at increased mortality risk.

Challenges to achieving sustainable sanitation in informal settlements of Kigali, Rwanda.

PubMed

Tsinda, Aime; Abbott, Pamela; Pedley, Steve; Charles, Katrina; Adogo, Jane; Okurut, Kenan; Chenoweth, Jonathan

2013-12-10

Like most cities in developing countries, Kigali is experiencing rapid urbanisation leading to an increase in the urban population and rapid growth in the size and number of informal settlements. More than 60% of the city's population resides in these settlements, where they experience inadequate and poor quality urban services including sanitation. This article discusses the issues and constraints related to the provision of sustainable sanitation in the informal settlements in Kigali. Two informal settlements (Gatsata and Kimisagara) were selected for the study, which used a mixed method approach for data collection. The research found that residents experienced multiple problems because of poor sanitation and that the main barrier to improved sanitation was cost. Findings from this study can be used by the city authorities in the planning of effective sanitation intervention strategies for communities in informal settlements.

Crustose Coralline Algae and a Cnidarian Neuropeptide Trigger Larval Settlement in Two Coral Reef Sponges

PubMed Central

Whalan, Steve; Webster, Nicole S.; Negri, Andrew P.

2012-01-01

In sessile marine invertebrates, larval settlement is fundamental to population maintenance and persistence. Cues contributing to the settlement choices and metamorphosis of larvae have important implications for the success of individuals and populations, but cues mediating larval settlement for many marine invertebrates are largely unknown. This study assessed larval settlement in two common Great Barrier Reef sponges, Coscinoderma matthewsi and Rhopaloeides odorabile, to cues that enhance settlement and metamorphosis in various species of scleractinian coral larvae. Methanol extracts of the crustose coralline algae (CCA), Porolithon onkodes, corresponding to a range of concentrations, were used to determine the settlement responses of sponge larvae. Cnidarian neuropeptides (GLW-amide neuropeptides) were also tested as a settlement cue. Settlement in both sponge species was approximately two-fold higher in response to live chips of CCA and optimum concentrations of CCA extract compared to 0.2 µm filtered sea water controls. Metamorphosis also increased when larvae were exposed to GLW-amide neuropeptides; R. odorabile mean metamorphosis reached 42.0±5.8% compared to 16.0±2.4% in seawater controls and in C. matthewsi mean metamorphosis reached 68.3±5.4% compared to 36.7±3.3% in seawater controls. These results demonstrate the contributing role chemosensory communication plays in the ability of sponge larvae to identify suitable habitat for successful recruitment. It also raises the possibility that larvae from distinct phyla may share signal transduction pathways involved in metamorphosis. PMID:22295083

Assessment of municipal solid waste settlement models based on field-scale data analysis.

PubMed

Bareither, Christopher A; Kwak, Seungbok

2015-08-01

An evaluation of municipal solid waste (MSW) settlement model performance and applicability was conducted based on analysis of two field-scale datasets: (1) Yolo and (2) Deer Track Bioreactor Experiment (DTBE). Twelve MSW settlement models were considered that included a range of compression behavior (i.e., immediate compression, mechanical creep, and biocompression) and range of total (2-22) and optimized (2-7) model parameters. A multi-layer immediate settlement analysis developed for Yolo provides a framework to estimate initial waste thickness and waste thickness at the end-of-immediate compression. Model application to the Yolo test cells (conventional and bioreactor landfills) via least squares optimization yielded high coefficient of determinations for all settlement models (R(2)>0.83). However, empirical models (i.e., power creep, logarithmic, and hyperbolic models) are not recommended for use in MSW settlement modeling due to potential non-representative long-term MSW behavior, limited physical significance of model parameters, and required settlement data for model parameterization. Settlement models that combine mechanical creep and biocompression into a single mathematical function constrain time-dependent settlement to a single process with finite magnitude, which limits model applicability. Overall, all models evaluated that couple multiple compression processes (immediate, creep, and biocompression) provided accurate representations of both Yolo and DTBE datasets. A model presented in Gourc et al. (2010) included the lowest number of total and optimized model parameters and yielded high statistical performance for all model applications (R(2)⩾0.97). Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The health of populations living in the indigenous minority settlements of northern Yakutia

PubMed Central

Burtseva, Tatiana E.; Uvarova, Tatiana E.; Tomsky, Mikhail I.; Odland, Jon Ø.

2014-01-01

This monograph contains the results of a study carried out by the Yakutsk Research Center for Complex Medical Problems, “Evaluating the health of the indigenous minorities of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) and optimizing medical assistance using innovative technologies and telemedicine in indigenous settlements.” The child population was studied in 19 indigenous minority settlements, and the adult population was studied in 12 settlements. PMID:25405106

In situ effects of simulated overfishing and eutrophication on settlement of benthic coral reef invertebrates in the Central Red Sea

PubMed Central

Voolstra, Christian R.; Wild, Christian

2014-01-01

In the Central Red Sea, healthy coral reefs meet intense coastal development, but data on the effects of related stressors for reef functioning are lacking. This in situ study therefore investigated the independent and combined effects of simulated overfishing through predator/grazer exclusion and simulated eutrophication through fertilizer addition on settlement of reef associated invertebrates on light-exposed and -shaded tiles over 4 months. At the end of the study period invertebrates had almost exclusively colonized shaded tiles. Algae were superior settling competitors on light-exposed tiles. On the shaded tiles, simulated overfishing prevented settlement of hard corals, but significantly increased settlement of polychaetes, while simulated eutrophication only significantly decreased hard coral settlement relative to controls. The combined treatment significantly increased settlement of bryozoans and bivalves compared to controls and individual manipulations, but significantly decreased polychaetes compared to simulated overfishing. These results suggest settlement of polychaetes and hard corals as potential bioindicators for overfishing and eutrophication, respectively, and settlement of bivalves and bryozoans for a combination of both. Therefore, if the investigated stressors are not controlled, phase shifts from dominance by hard corals to that by other invertebrates may occur at shaded reef locations in the Central Red Sea. PMID:24765573

In situ effects of simulated overfishing and eutrophication on settlement of benthic coral reef invertebrates in the Central Red Sea.

PubMed

Jessen, Christian; Voolstra, Christian R; Wild, Christian

2014-01-01

In the Central Red Sea, healthy coral reefs meet intense coastal development, but data on the effects of related stressors for reef functioning are lacking. This in situ study therefore investigated the independent and combined effects of simulated overfishing through predator/grazer exclusion and simulated eutrophication through fertilizer addition on settlement of reef associated invertebrates on light-exposed and -shaded tiles over 4 months. At the end of the study period invertebrates had almost exclusively colonized shaded tiles. Algae were superior settling competitors on light-exposed tiles. On the shaded tiles, simulated overfishing prevented settlement of hard corals, but significantly increased settlement of polychaetes, while simulated eutrophication only significantly decreased hard coral settlement relative to controls. The combined treatment significantly increased settlement of bryozoans and bivalves compared to controls and individual manipulations, but significantly decreased polychaetes compared to simulated overfishing. These results suggest settlement of polychaetes and hard corals as potential bioindicators for overfishing and eutrophication, respectively, and settlement of bivalves and bryozoans for a combination of both. Therefore, if the investigated stressors are not controlled, phase shifts from dominance by hard corals to that by other invertebrates may occur at shaded reef locations in the Central Red Sea.

Soundscapes and Larval Settlement: Larval Bivalve Responses to Habitat-Associated Underwater Sounds.

PubMed

Eggleston, David B; Lillis, Ashlee; Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R

2016-01-01

We quantified the effects of habitat-associated sounds on the settlement response of two species of bivalves with contrasting habitat preferences: (1) Crassostrea virginicia (oyster), which prefers to settle on other oysters, and (2) Mercenaria mercenaria (clam), which settles on unstructured habitats. Oyster larval settlement in the laboratory was significantly higher when exposed to oyster reef sound compared with either off-reef or no-sound treatments. Clam larval settlement did not vary according to sound treatments. Similar to laboratory results, field experiments showed that oyster larval settlement in "larval housings" suspended above oyster reefs was significantly higher compared with off-reef sites.

47 CFR 1.244 - Designation of a settlement judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Proceedings Presiding Officer § 1.244 Designation of a settlement judge. (a) In broadcast comparative cases...-record, and the settlement judge may express an opinion as to the relative comparative standing of the...

76 FR 55061 - Two Proposed CERCLA Administrative Settlement Agreements for Long-Term Access at the Bountiful...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-06

..., Utah. The proposed Settlement Agreements are with Davis County and Security Investment Ltd... CERCLA civil liability at their respective properties will be resolved. The Settlement Agreements include...

13 CFR 134.806 - Mediation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... attorney to serve as a mediator. If the parties reach a settlement through mediation, they may file a joint motion to dismiss the appeal based on that settlement. If the parties do not reach a settlement, the...

An Attempt of Formalizing the Selection Parameters for Settlements Generalization in Small-Scales

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karsznia, Izabela

2014-12-01

The paper covers one of the most important problems concerning context-sensitive settlement selection for the purpose of the small-scale maps. So far, no formal parameters for small-scale settlements generalization have been specified, hence the problem seems to be an important and innovative challenge. It is also crucial from the practical point of view as it is necessary to develop appropriate generalization algorithms for the purpose of the General Geographic Objects Database generalization which is the essential Spatial Data Infrastructure component in Poland. The author proposes and verifies quantitative generalization parameters for the purpose of the settlement selection process in small-scale maps. The selection of settlements was carried out in two research areas - in Lower Silesia and Łódź Province. Based on the conducted analysis appropriate contextual-sensitive settlements selection parameters have been defined. Particular effort has been made to develop a methodology of quantitative settlements selection which would be useful in the automation processes and that would make it possible to keep specifics of generalized objects unchanged.

The chemical cue tetrabromopyrrole from a biofilm bacterium induces settlement of multiple Caribbean corals

PubMed Central

Sneed, Jennifer M.; Sharp, Koty H.; Ritchie, Kimberly B.; Paul, Valerie J.

2014-01-01

Microbial biofilms induce larval settlement for some invertebrates, including corals; however, the chemical cues involved have rarely been identified. Here, we demonstrate the role of microbial biofilms in inducing larval settlement with the Caribbean coral Porites astreoides and report the first instance of a chemical cue isolated from a marine biofilm bacterium that induces complete settlement (attachment and metamorphosis) of Caribbean coral larvae. Larvae settled in response to natural biofilms, and the response was eliminated when biofilms were treated with antibiotics. A similar settlement response was elicited by monospecific biofilms of a single bacterial strain, Pseudoalteromonas sp. PS5, isolated from the surface biofilm of a crustose coralline alga. The activity of Pseudoalteromonas sp. PS5 was attributed to the production of a single compound, tetrabromopyrrole (TBP), which has been shown previously to induce metamorphosis without attachment in Pacific acroporid corals. In addition to inducing settlement of brooded larvae (P. astreoides), TBP also induced larval settlement for two broadcast-spawning species, Orbicella (formerly Montastraea) franksi and Acropora palmata, indicating that this compound may have widespread importance among Caribbean coral species. PMID:24850918

Settlement behavior of municipal solid waste due to internal and external environmental factors in a lysimeter.

PubMed

Melo, Márcio C; Caribé, Rômulo M; Ribeiro, Libânia S; Sousa, Raul B A; Monteiro, Veruschka E D; de Paiva, William

2016-12-05

Long-term settlement magnitude is influenced by changes in external and internal factors that control the microbiological activity in the landfill waste body. To improve the understanding of settlement phenomena, it is instructive to study lysimeters filled with MSW. This paper aims to understand the settlement behavior of MSW by correlating internal and external factors that influence waste biodegradation in a lysimeter. Thus, a lysimeter was built, instrumented and filled with MSW from the city of Campina Grande, the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Physicochemical analysis of the waste (from three levels of depth of the lysimeter) was carried out along with MSW settlement measurements. Statistical tools such as descriptive analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were also performed. The settlement/compression, coefficient of variation and PCA results indicated the most intense rate of biodegradation in the top layer. The PCA results of intermediate and bottom levels presented fewer physicochemical and meteorological variables correlated with compression data in contrast with the top layer. It is possible to conclude that environmental conditions may influence internal indicators of MSW biodegradation, such as the settlement.

Prediction of soft soil foundation settlement in Guangxi granite area based on fuzzy neural network model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luo, Junhui; Wu, Chao; Liu, Xianlin; Mi, Decai; Zeng, Fuquan; Zeng, Yongjun

2018-01-01

At present, the prediction of soft foundation settlement mostly use the exponential curve and hyperbola deferred approximation method, and the correlation between the results is poor. However, the application of neural network in this area has some limitations, and none of the models used in the existing cases adopted the TS fuzzy neural network of which calculation combines the characteristics of fuzzy system and neural network to realize the mutual compatibility methods. At the same time, the developed and optimized calculation program is convenient for engineering designers. Taking the prediction and analysis of soft foundation settlement of gully soft soil in granite area of Guangxi Guihe road as an example, the fuzzy neural network model is established and verified to explore the applicability. The TS fuzzy neural network is used to construct the prediction model of settlement and deformation, and the corresponding time response function is established to calculate and analyze the settlement of soft foundation. The results show that the prediction of short-term settlement of the model is accurate and the final settlement prediction result has certain engineering reference value.

Controlling for Landform Age When Determining the Settlement History of the Kuril Islands

PubMed Central

MacInnes, Breanyn; Fitzhugh, Ben; Holman, Darryl

2014-01-01

Archaeological investigations of settlement patterns in dynamic landscapes can be strongly biased by the evolution of the Earth’s surface. The Kuril Island volcanic arc exemplifies such a dynamic landscape, where landscape-modifying geological forces were active during settlement, including sea-level changes, tectonic emergence, volcanic eruptive processes, coastal aggradation, and dune formation. With all these ongoing processes, in this paper we seek to understand how new landscape formation in the Holocene might bias archaeological interpretations of human settlement in the Kurils. Resolving this issue is fundamental to any interpretation of human settlement history derived from the distribution and age of archaeological sites from the region. On the basis of a comparison of landform ages and earliest archaeological occupation ages on those landforms, we conclude that landform creation did not significantly bias our aggregate archaeological evidence for earliest settlement. Some sections of the archipelago have larger proportions of landform creation dates closer to archaeological evidence of settlement and undoubtedly some archaeological sites have been lost to geomorphic processes. However, comparisons between regions reveal comparable archaeological establishment patterns irrespective of geomorphic antiquity. PMID:25684855

Riverine Settlement Adaptation Characteristic in Mentaya River, East Kotawaringin Regency, Kalimantan Province

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Esariti, L.; Yuliastuti, N.; Ratih, N. K.

2018-02-01

The research looks for the importance of riverine settlement preservation as one of the efforts to carry out sustainable management of a traditional settlement. East Kalimantan, more specifically riverine settlement in Mentaya River is known as one of the traditional settlements that put river as the central of their livelihood activities. The theory of Rapopport [1] was used to investigate the importance of cultural aspect influence to the settlement process, and to seek for the behavioural and environment relationship in determining the pattern of adaptation process. Mix method approach was conducted by utilizing in depth interviews among 40 respondents within three districts, namely in Baamang, Mentaya Seberang and Mentawa Baru Ketapang subdistrict. The result shows that culture dominantly affect the process of settlement adaptation, especially the aspect of family structure, social network, and kinship. The adaptation pattern is influenced significantly by physical environment, type of physical condition of the houses, economic condition and the degree of heritage preservation motive. It sums up that adaptation process could be effective if the integration of culture, activities and government regulations is performed.

Utilization of outpatient services in refugee settlement health facilities: a comparison by age, gender, and refugee versus host national status

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background Comparisons between refugees receiving health care in settlement-based facilities and persons living in host communities have found that refugees have better health outcomes. However, data that compares utilization of health services between refugees and the host population, and across refugee settlements, countries and regions is limited. The paper will address this information gap. The analysis in this paper uses data from the United Nations High Commissioner of Refugees (UNHCR) Health Information System (HIS). Methods Data about settlement populations and the use of outpatient health services were exported from the UNHCR health information system database. Tableau Desktop was used to explore the data. STATA was used for data cleaning and statistical analysis. Differences in various indicators of the use of health services by region, gender, age groups, and status (host national vs. refugee population) were analyzed for statistical significance using generalized estimating equation models that adjusted for correlated data within refugee settlements over time. Results Eighty-one refugee settlements were included in this study and an average population of 1.53 million refugees was receiving outpatient health services between 2008 and 2009. The crude utilization rate among refugees is 2.2 visits per person per year across all settlements. The refugee utilization rate in Asia (3.5) was higher than in Africa on average (1.8). Among refugees, females have a statistically significant higher utilization rate than males (2.4 visits per person per year vs. 2.1). The proportion of new outpatient attributable to refugees is higher than that attributable to host nationals. In the Asian settlements, only 2% outpatient visits, on average, were attributable to host community members. By contrast, in Africa, the proportion of new outpatient (OPD) visits by host nationals was 21% on average; in many Ugandan settlements, the proportion of outpatient visits attributable to host community members was higher than that for refugees. There was no statistically significant difference between the size of the male and female populations across refugee settlements. Across all settlements reporting to the UNHCR database, the percent of the refugee population that was less than five years of age is 16% on average. Conclusions The availability of a centralized database of health information across UNHCR-supported refugee settlements is a rich resource. The SPHERE standard for emergencies of 1-4 visits per person per year appears to be relevant for Asia in the post-emergency phase, but not for Africa. In Africa, a post-emergency standard of 1-2 visits per person per year should be considered. Although it is often assumed that the size of the female population in refugee settlements is higher than males, we found no statistically significant difference between the size of the male and female populations in refugee settlements overall. Another assumption---that the under-fives make up 20% of the settlement population during the emergency phase---does not appear to hold for the post-emergency phase; under-fives made up about 16% of refugee settlement populations. PMID:21936911

48 CFR 49.109 - Settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Settlement agreements. 49.109 Section 49.109 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 49.109 Settlement agreements. ...

48 CFR 49.109 - Settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Settlement agreements. 49.109 Section 49.109 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 49.109 Settlement agreements. ...

48 CFR 49.109 - Settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Settlement agreements. 49.109 Section 49.109 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 49.109 Settlement agreements. ...

76 FR 18445 - Financial Market Utilities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-04

... IOSCO jointly issued a set of minimum standards for securities settlement systems (the ``Recommendations for Securities Settlement Systems''). In 2004, the CPSS and IOSCO jointly published recommendations...,'' and collectively with the Recommendations for Securities Settlement Systems, the ``CPSS-IOSCO...

76 FR 72766 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 8952

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-25

... 8952, Application for Voluntary Classification Settlement Program. DATES: Written comments should [email protected] . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Application for Voluntary Classification Settlement... Classification Settlement Program. To participate in the program, taxpayers must meet certain eligibility...

7 CFR 1434.19 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... FOR HONEY § 1434.19 Settlement. The value of the settlement of loans shall be made by CCC on the... CCC and CCC shall have no obligation to pay such amount to any party. (b) With respect to honey that...

7 CFR 1434.19 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... FOR HONEY § 1434.19 Settlement. The value of the settlement of loans shall be made by CCC on the... CCC and CCC shall have no obligation to pay such amount to any party. (b) With respect to honey that...

The urban features of informal settlements in Jakarta, Indonesia.

PubMed

Alzamil, Waleed

2017-12-01

This data article contains the urban features of three informal settlements in Jakarta: A. Kampung Bandan; B. Kampung Luar Batang; And C. Kampung Muara Baru. The data describes the urban features of physical structures, infrastructures, and public services. These data include maps showing locations of these settlements, photography of urban status, and examples of urban fabric. The data are obtained from the statistical records and field surveys of three settlements cases.

Challenges to Achieving Sustainable Sanitation in Informal Settlements of Kigali, Rwanda

PubMed Central

Tsinda, Aime; Abbott, Pamela; Pedley, Steve; Charles, Katrina; Adogo, Jane; Okurut, Kenan; Chenoweth, Jonathan

2013-01-01

Like most cities in developing countries, Kigali is experiencing rapid urbanisation leading to an increase in the urban population and rapid growth in the size and number of informal settlements. More than 60% of the city’s population resides in these settlements, where they experience inadequate and poor quality urban services including sanitation. This article discusses the issues and constraints related to the provision of sustainable sanitation in the informal settlements in Kigali. Two informal settlements (Gatsata and Kimisagara) were selected for the study, which used a mixed method approach for data collection. The research found that residents experienced multiple problems because of poor sanitation and that the main barrier to improved sanitation was cost. Findings from this study can be used by the city authorities in the planning of effective sanitation intervention strategies for communities in informal settlements. PMID:24336021

Empowering low-income community in Kampong settlement by exploring people's activities in surrounding environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bawole, Paulus; Sutanto, Haryati B.

2017-11-01

Urban Kampong is a spontaneous settlement growing in several big cities within developing countries including Indonesia. This settlement is developed by low-income people without any plan. Therefore there is no specific housing pattern in the settlement. The characteristics of the settlements is dominated by Javanese traditional roof typology and narrow path with minimal public open spaces. People's creativity in building their houses often uses second hand building materials that make their houses look specific. Besides, infrastructure facilities within Kampong Settlement are very poor. Because the poor living in Urban Kampong have to adjust their live with minimum infrastructure facilities available, they have to be creative in using all facilities available. Through the creativities of low-income people living in Urban Kampong the research will show how the inhabitants can be empowered by exploring inhabitant's creativities and consequently the environmental quality within Urban Kampong can be improved as well.

Coastal climate is associated with elevated solar irradiance and higher 25(OH)D level.

PubMed

Cherrie, M P C; Wheeler, B W; White, M P; Sarran, C E; Osborne, N J

2015-04-01

There is evidence that populations living close to the coast have improved health and wellbeing. Coastal environments are linked to promotion of physical activity through provision of safe, opportune, aesthetic and accessible spaces for recreation. Exposure to coastal environments may also reduce stress and induce positive mood. We hypothesised that coastal climate may influence the vitamin D status of residents and thus partly explain benefits to health. Ecological and cross-sectional analyses were designed to elucidate the connection between coastal residence and vitamin D status. We divided residential data, from developed land use areas and the Lower Super Output Areas or Data Zones (Scotland) of the 1958 Birth Cohort participants, into the following coastal bands: <1 km, 1-5 km, 5-20 km, 20-50 km and over 50 km. In the ecological analysis we used a multiple regression model to describe the relationship between UV vitd and coastal proximity adjusted for latitude. Subsequently, using the residential information of the participants of the 1958 Birth Cohort we developed a multiple regression model to understand the relationship between serum 25(OH)D (a marker of vitamin D status) and coastal proximity adjusted for several factors related to vitamin D status (e.g. diet, outdoor activity). We found that coastal proximity was associated with solar irradiance; on average a 99.6 (96.1-103.3)J/m(2)/day regression coefficient was recorded for settlements <1 km from the coast compared with those at >50 km. This relationship was modified by latitude with settlements at a lower latitude exhibiting a greater effect. Individuals living closer to the coast in England had higher vitamin D levels than those inland, particularly in autumn. Geographic location may influence biochemistry and health outcomes due to environmental factors. This can provide benefits in terms of vitamin D status but may also pose a risk due to higher skin cancer risk. We provide further evidence in support of the claim that coastal environments can provide opportunities for health and wellbeing. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

48 CFR 249.109 - Settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Settlement agreements. 249.109 Section 249.109 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 249.109 Settlement...

Prediction of embankment settlement over soft soils.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-06-01

The objective of this project was to review and verify the current design procedures used by TxDOT : to estimate the total and rate of consolidation settlement in embankments constructed on soft soils. Methods : to improve the settlement predictions ...

76 FR 52718 - Complaint About Postal Services

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-23

... developments, and addresses certain procedural matters, including authorization of settlement negotiations... therefore defers action on this Complaint and directs that the parties begin settlement negotiations based... immediately engage in settlement negotiations with the goal of expeditiously resolving this controversy based...

47 CFR 1.956 - Settlement conferences.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Settlement conferences. 1.956 Section 1.956 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE Wireless Radio Services Applications and Proceedings Application Requirements and Procedures § 1.956 Settlement conferences. Parties...

47 CFR 1.956 - Settlement conferences.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Settlement conferences. 1.956 Section 1.956 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE Wireless Radio Services Applications and Proceedings Application Requirements and Procedures § 1.956 Settlement conferences. Parties...

48 CFR 49.110 - Settlement negotiation memorandum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Settlement negotiation memorandum. 49.110 Section 49.110 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 49.110 Settlement negotiation memorandum...

78 FR 3450 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-16

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Foreign Claims Settlement Commission [FCSC Meeting and Hearing Notice No. 1-13] Sunshine Act Meeting The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, pursuant to its regulations (45... the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, 600 E Street NW., Washington, DC. Requests for information...

14 CFR 15.109 - Settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlements. 15.109 Section 15.109 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PROCEDURAL RULES... Department of Justice, approves the proposed settlement. (3) The publisher submits a signed release that...

14 CFR 15.109 - Settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Settlements. 15.109 Section 15.109 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PROCEDURAL RULES... Department of Justice, approves the proposed settlement. (3) The publisher submits a signed release that...

14 CFR 15.109 - Settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Settlements. 15.109 Section 15.109 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PROCEDURAL RULES... Department of Justice, approves the proposed settlement. (3) The publisher submits a signed release that...

14 CFR 15.109 - Settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Settlements. 15.109 Section 15.109 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PROCEDURAL RULES... Department of Justice, approves the proposed settlement. (3) The publisher submits a signed release that...

14 CFR 15.109 - Settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Settlements. 15.109 Section 15.109 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PROCEDURAL RULES... Department of Justice, approves the proposed settlement. (3) The publisher submits a signed release that...

Guidance: Strategies to Achieve Timely Settlement and Implementation of RD/RA at Superfund Sites

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Memorandum recommends strategies to encourage PRPs to enter into a settlement using the model RD/RA Consent Decree; discusses the current model UAO; and suggests practical alternatives to expedite Superfund settlements and the cleanup process.

78 FR 62630 - Vantran Electric Corporation Site, Louisville, Jefferson County, GA; Notice of Settlement

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-22

... settlement addresses costs from a fund-lead Removal Action taken by EPA at the Site. DATES: The Agency will... Protection Agency has entered into a settlement with the Vantran Electric Corporation addressing past costs...

Three Conn. Companies Provide Public with Chemical Information under EPA Settlements

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Three Connecticut companies will report publically on their use of required toxic chemicals, creating a safer environment for the public, under the terms of three separate recent settlements with the US Environmental Protection Agency. All three settlement

Assessment of mitigating embankment settlement with pile-supported approach slabs : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

Problems involving highway bridge approach settlement have been observed at many sites in Louisiana. In southeastern Louisiana, where subsoil settlement potential is the greatest, the bridge structures are usually lengthened in order to reduce the he...

Assessment of mitigating embankment settlement with pile-supported approach slabs : summary report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

Problems involving highway bridge approach settlement have been observed at many sites in Louisiana. In southeastern Louisiana, where subsoil settlement potential is the greatest, the bridge structures are usually lengthened in order to reduce the he...

32 CFR 644.454 - Negotiating restoration settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Negotiating restoration settlements. Negotiated settlements in lieu of performance of actual restoration work by the Government are ordinarily favored because they most satisfactorily achieve the objectives of fulfilling the Government's obligations under the lease in the most efficient and economical manner...

An analysis of factors contributing to household water security problems and threats in different settlement categories of Ngamiland, Botswana

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kujinga, Krasposy; Vanderpost, Cornelis; Mmopelwa, Gagoitseope; Wolski, Piotr

Globally, water security is negatively affected by factors that include climatic and hydrological conditions, population growth, rural-urban migration, increased per-capita water use, pollution and over-abstraction of groundwater. While Botswana has made strides in providing safe and clean water to its population since independence in 1966, over the years, a combination of factors have contributed to water security problems in different settlement categories of the country (i.e., primary, secondary, tertiary and ungazetted settlements) in general and in the district of Ngamiland in particular. To study water security problems differentiated by settlement category, this study employed quantitative data collection methods (i.e. household structured questionnaires) and qualitative data collection methods (i.e. key informant interviews, observation, focus group discussions and informal interviews), complemented by a review of relevant literature. Water security in all settlements is affected by status of the settlement, i.e. gazetted or ungazetted, climatic and hydrological factors and water governance challenges. In large villages such as Maun, factors threatening water security include population growth, urbanization, management challenges, old water supply and distribution infrastructure, increased demand for individual connections and changing lifestyles. Small gazetted and ungazetted settlements encounter problems related to limited sources of water supply as well as salinity of groundwater resources. In order to enhance water security in different settlement categories, Botswana has to develop a comprehensive water resources management strategy underpinned by integrated water resources management principles aimed at addressing factors contributing to water security problems. The strategy has to be settlement category specific. Large villages have to address factors related to demographic changes, urbanization, management challenges, water supply infrastructure and the introducing of water demand management activities. Households in small villages need provision of water from more sustainable sources while ungazetted settlements need better access to clean water.

Formation of Penumbra in a Sample of Active Regions Observed by the SDO Satellite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murabito, Mariarita; Zuccarello, Francesca; Guglielmino, Salvo L.; Romano, Paolo

2018-03-01

Recently, high-resolution observations improved our understanding of the penumbra formation process around sunspots. In particular, two aspects have been carefully investigated: whether the settlement of the penumbra can occur between the main opposite magnetic polarities where new magnetic flux is still emerging, and the establishment of the Evershed flow. In this paper, we present the analysis of twelve active regions (ARs) where both the penumbra formation and the onset of the Evershed flow were observed. We used data acquired by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) instrument on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO) satellite analyzing continuum images, magnetograms, and Dopplergrams of the selected ARs. The results obtained in our sample provided the following information about the stable settlement of the penumbra: eight spots formed the first stable penumbral sector in the region between the two opposite polarities, and nine spots formed on the opposite side. Moreover, eleven sunpots showed an inverse Evershed flow (i.e., a plasma motion directed toward the protospot border) before the penumbra formation, which changes within 1–6 hr into the classical Evershed flow as soon as the penumbra forms. Comparing our results with recent observations, we are able to discriminate between the different ways of penumbra formation. Moreover, we suggest that the change from inverse Evershed flow, visible before the penumbra appears, into the classical Evershed flow may be a signature of the formation of penumbral filaments.

Estimating the Cost and Payment for Sanitation in the Informal Settlements of Kisumu, Kenya: A Cross Sectional Study.

PubMed

Simiyu, Sheillah; Swilling, Mark; Rheingans, Richard; Cairncross, Sandy

2017-01-06

Lack of sanitation facilities is a common occurrence in informal settlements that are common in most developing countries. One challenge with sanitation provision in these settlements is the cost and financing of sanitation. This study aimed at estimating the cost of sanitation, and investigating the social and economic dynamics within Kisumu's informal settlements that hinder provision and uptake of sanitation facilities. Primary data was collected from residents of the settlements, and using logistic and hedonic regression analysis, we identify characteristics of residents with sanitation facilities, and estimate the cost of sanitation as revealed in rental prices. Our study finds that sanitation constitutes approximately 54% of the rent paid in the settlements; and dynamics such as landlords and tenants preferences, and sharing of sanitation facilities influence provision and payment for sanitation. This study contributes to general development by estimating the cost of sanitation, and further identifies barriers and opportunities for improvement including the interplay between landlords and tenants. Provision of sanitation in informal settlements is intertwined in social and economic dynamics, and development approaches should target both landlords and tenants, while also engaging various stakeholders to work together to identify affordable and appropriate sanitation technologies.

Estimating the Cost and Payment for Sanitation in the Informal Settlements of Kisumu, Kenya: A Cross Sectional Study

PubMed Central

Simiyu, Sheillah; Swilling, Mark; Rheingans, Richard; Cairncross, Sandy

2017-01-01

Lack of sanitation facilities is a common occurrence in informal settlements that are common in most developing countries. One challenge with sanitation provision in these settlements is the cost and financing of sanitation. This study aimed at estimating the cost of sanitation, and investigating the social and economic dynamics within Kisumu’s informal settlements that hinder provision and uptake of sanitation facilities. Primary data was collected from residents of the settlements, and using logistic and hedonic regression analysis, we identify characteristics of residents with sanitation facilities, and estimate the cost of sanitation as revealed in rental prices. Our study finds that sanitation constitutes approximately 54% of the rent paid in the settlements; and dynamics such as landlords and tenants preferences, and sharing of sanitation facilities influence provision and payment for sanitation. This study contributes to general development by estimating the cost of sanitation, and further identifies barriers and opportunities for improvement including the interplay between landlords and tenants. Provision of sanitation in informal settlements is intertwined in social and economic dynamics, and development approaches should target both landlords and tenants, while also engaging various stakeholders to work together to identify affordable and appropriate sanitation technologies. PMID:28067812

20 CFR 498.126 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Settlement. 498.126 Section 498.126 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION CIVIL MONETARY PENALTIES, ASSESSMENTS AND RECOMMENDED EXCLUSIONS § 498.126 Settlement. The Inspector General has exclusive authority to settle any issues or case...

76 FR 76438 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-07

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Foreign Claims Settlement Commission [F.C.S.C. Meeting and Hearing Notice No. 13-11] Sunshine Act Meeting The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, pursuant to its regulations (45... the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, 600 E Street, NW., Washington, DC. Requests for information...

7 CFR 1427.172 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlement. 1427.172 Section 1427.172 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS COTTON Recourse Seed Cotton Loans § 1427.172 Settlement. (a...

78 FR 8584 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-06

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Foreign Claims Settlement Commission [F.C.S.C. Meeting and Hearing Notice No. 2-13] Sunshine Act Meeting The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, pursuant to its regulations (45... the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, 600 E Street NW., Washington, DC. Requests for information...

5 CFR 838.1018 - Settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlements. 838.1018 Section 838.1018 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) COURT... Settlements. The former spouse may request that an amount be withheld from the retirement benefits that is...

77 FR 54613 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-05

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Foreign Claims Settlement Commission [F.C.S.C. Meeting and Hearing Notice No. 07-12] Sunshine Act Meeting The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, pursuant to its regulations (45... Claims Settlement Commission, 600 E Street NW., Washington, DC. Requests for information, or advance...

7 CFR 1940.406 - Real estate settlement procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Real estate settlement procedures. 1940.406 Section 1940.406 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE... AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Truth in Lending-Real Estate Settlement...

48 CFR 49.111 - Review of proposed settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Review of proposed settlements. 49.111 Section 49.111 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 49.111 Review of proposed settlements. Each...

48 CFR 849.111 - Review of proposed settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Review of proposed settlements. 849.111 Section 849.111 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 849.111 Review of proposed settlements. ...

48 CFR 449.111 - Review of proposed settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Review of proposed settlements. 449.111 Section 449.111 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 449.111 Review of proposed settlements. Proposed...

48 CFR 49.115 - Settlement of terminated incentive contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Settlement of terminated incentive contracts. 49.115 Section 49.115 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 49.115 Settlement of terminated...

48 CFR 1449.111 - Review of proposed settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Review of proposed settlements. 1449.111 Section 1449.111 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 1449.111 Review of proposed settlements...

32 CFR 750.34 - Settlement and payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... on a Standard Form 95. (2) Contents. Every settlement agreement must contain language indicating... language indicating acceptance of the settlement amount by the claimant, or his agent or legal...) Adjudicating authority. The Department of the Navy's tort claims adjudication function is consolidated as the...

An adaptive paradigm for human space settlement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, Cameron M.

2016-02-01

Because permanent space settlement will be multigenerational it will have to be viable on ecological timescales so far unfamiliar to those planning space exploration. Long-term viability will require evolutionary and adaptive planning. Adaptations in the natural world provide many lessons for such planning, but implementing these lessons will require a new, evolutionary paradigm for envisioning and carrying out Earth-independent space settlement. I describe some of these adaptive lessons and propose some cognitive shifts required to implement them in a genuinely evolutionary approach to human space settlement.

Microscale atmospheric pollution of Pogranichny settlement (Primorsky region, Russia)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kholodov, Aleksei; Ugay, Sergey; Drozd, Vladimir; Agoshkov, Alexander; Golokhvast, Kirill

2017-10-01

The paper discusses the study of atmospheric particulate matter in the small urban settlement Pogranichny by means of laser granulometry of snow water. The atmosphere of this settlement is polluted with particles under 10 μm (PM10) to a certain extent. We found microparticles potentially hazardous to health in significant quantities (from 176.3% to 24.9%) in 4 sampling points out of 9. Large particles (sized over 400 μm) dominate on the most territory of the settlement reaching 78.1%.

Characteristics of Settling Coral Reef Fish Are Related to Recruitment Timing and Success

PubMed Central

Rankin, Tauna L.; Sponaugle, Su

2014-01-01

Many marine populations exhibit high variability in the recruitment of young into the population. While environmental cycles and oceanography explain some patterns of replenishment, the role of other growth-related processes in influencing settlement and recruitment is less clear. Examination of a 65-mo. time series of recruitment of a common coral reef fish, Stegastes partitus, to the reefs of the upper Florida Keys revealed that during peak recruitment months, settlement stage larvae arriving during dark lunar phases grew faster as larvae and were larger at settlement compared to those settling during the light lunar phases. However, the strength and direction of early trait-mediated selective mortality also varied by settlement lunar phase such that the early life history traits of 2–4 week old recruit survivors that settled across the lunar cycle converged to more similar values. Similarly, within peak settlement periods, early life history traits of settling larvae and selective mortality of recruits varied by the magnitude of the settlement event: larvae settling in larger events had longer PLDs and consequently were larger at settlement than those settling in smaller pulses. Traits also varied by recruitment habitat: recruits surviving in live coral habitat (vs rubble) or areas with higher densities of adult conspecifics were those that were larger at settlement. Reef habitats, especially those with high densities of territorial conspecifics, are more challenging habitats for young fish to occupy and small settlers (due to lower larval growth and/or shorter PLDs) to these habitats have a lower chance of survival than they do in rubble habitats. Settling reef fish are not all equal and the time and location of settlement influences the likelihood that individuals will survive to contribute to the population. PMID:25250964

Evidence for the Involvement of p38 MAPK Activation in Barnacle Larval Settlement

PubMed Central

He, Li-Sheng; Xu, Ying; Matsumura, Kiyotaka; Zhang, Yu; Zhang, Gen; Qi, Shu-Hua; Qian, Pei-Yuan

2012-01-01

The barnacle Balanus ( = Amphibalanus) amphitrite is a major marine fouling animal. Understanding the molecular mechanism of larval settlement in this species is critical for anti-fouling research. In this study, we cloned one isoform of p38 MAPK (Bar-p38 MAPK) from this species, which shares the significant characteristic of containing a TGY motif with other species such as yeast, Drosophila and humans. The activation of p38 MAPK was detected by an antibody that recognizes the conserved dual phosphorylation sites of TGY. The results showed that phospho-p38 MAPK (pp38 MAPK) was more highly expressed at the cyprid stage, particularly in aged cyprids, in comparison to other stages, including the nauplius and juvenile stages. Immunostaining showed that Bar-p38 MAPK and pp38 MAPK were mainly located at the cyprid antennules, and especially the third and fourth segments, which are responsible for substratum exploration during settlement. The expression and localization patterns of Bar-p38 MAPK suggest its involvement in larval settlement. This postulation was also supported by the larval settlement bioassay with the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. Behavioral analysis by live imaging revealed that the larvae were still capable of exploring the surface of the substratum after SB203580 treatment. This shows that the effect of p38 MAPK on larval settlement might be by regulating the secretion of permanent proteinaceous substances. Furthermore, the level of pp38 MAPK dramatically decreased after full settlement, suggesting that Bar-p38 MAPK maybe plays a role in larval settlement rather than metamorphosis. Finally, we found that Bar-p38 MAPK was highly activated when larvae confronted extracts of adult barnacle containing settlement cues, whereas larvae pre-treated with SB203580 failed to respond to the crude adult extracts. PMID:23115639

The Human Settlements Authority Act, 1988 (No. 2 of 1988), 4 June 1986.

PubMed

1988-01-01

This Act establishes in Swaziland the Human Settlements Authority, whose members are appointed by the Minister responsible for human settlements. The Authority shall "1) assist the Government in formulating policy relating to human settlements and uphold and give effect to such policy; 2) ensure the orderly development of existing and future urban and rural settlements; 3) establish a finance mechanism for ensuring the supply and maintenance of improved shelter and infrastructure throughout Swaziland, which shall include a system of revenue recovery; 4) prepare appropriate standards for the provision of land, shelter and infrastructure by both private and public developers; 5) regulate real estate transactions including the standardization of lease agreements, rent control and sale of land and buildings; 6) encourage and support research in appropriate methods of providing affordable shelter and infrastructure; and 7) perform all other acts or things as are required by this Act." Under the Act, no person shall establish a human settlement, housing scheme, or private housing scheme without the written permission of the Authority. Further provisions of the Act deal with the membership and meetings of the Authority, the granting of permission for human settlements, and human settlement development plans, among other things. On 4 June 1986, the Government of Swaziland also enacted the National Housing Board Act, 1988 (No. 3 of 1988). This Act establishes a National Housing Board, subject to the provisions of the Human Settlements Act, 1988, to "provide affordable housing generally in Swaziland and take over such housing schemes as the Government may determine." Further provisions of the Act deal with the functions, membership, finances, staffing, assets, and administration of the Board. See Swaziland Government Gazette, Extraordinary, Vol. 26, No. 581, 2 March 1988, pp. S6-S11. full text

5 CFR 2423.25 - Post complaint, prehearing settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... settlement agreements provide for withdrawal of the complaint by the Regional Director and are not subject to... informal settlement agreement, the Regional Director may reinstitute formal proceedings consistent with... agreement that is accepted by the Regional Director, the Regional Director shall withdraw the complaint and...

5 CFR 2423.25 - Post complaint, prehearing settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... settlement agreements provide for withdrawal of the complaint by the Regional Director and are not subject to... informal settlement agreement, the Regional Director may reinstitute formal proceedings consistent with... agreement that is accepted by the Regional Director, the Regional Director shall withdraw the complaint and...

42 CFR 402.17 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Settlement. 402.17 Section 402.17 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL PROVISIONS CIVIL MONEY PENALTIES, ASSESSMENTS, AND EXCLUSIONS General Provisions § 402.17 Settlement. CMS or OIG has...

76 FR 65211 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-20

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Foreign Claims Settlement Commission [F.C.S.C. Meeting and Hearing Notice No. 11-11] Sunshine Act Meeting The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, pursuant to its regulations (45... claims against Libya Status: Open. All meetings are held at the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, 600...

42 CFR 417.574 - Interim settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Interim settlement. 417.574 Section 417.574 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED... PLANS Medicare Payment: Cost Basis § 417.574 Interim settlement. (a) Determination. Within 30 days...

5 CFR 838.135 - Settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlements. 838.135 Section 838.135 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) COURT... § 838.135 Settlements. (a) OPM must comply with the terms of a properly filed court order acceptable for...

78 FR 23786 - Settlement Conference

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-22

... convening a settlement conference between GameFly, Inc. and the Postal Service. This notice informs the.... GameFly Motion, Postal Service Reply, and GameFly Response IV. Analysis V. Settlement Procedures I..., 2013, GameFly, Inc. (GameFly) filed a motion requesting the Commission to establish standards and...

14 CFR 14.25 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Settlement. 14.25 Section 14.25 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PROCEDURAL RULES RULES IMPLEMENTING THE EQUAL ACCESS TO JUSTICE ACT OF 1980 Procedures for Considering Applications § 14.25 Settlement...

14 CFR 14.25 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Settlement. 14.25 Section 14.25 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PROCEDURAL RULES RULES IMPLEMENTING THE EQUAL ACCESS TO JUSTICE ACT OF 1980 Procedures for Considering Applications § 14.25 Settlement...

14 CFR 14.25 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Settlement. 14.25 Section 14.25 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PROCEDURAL RULES RULES IMPLEMENTING THE EQUAL ACCESS TO JUSTICE ACT OF 1980 Procedures for Considering Applications § 14.25 Settlement...

14 CFR 14.25 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Settlement. 14.25 Section 14.25 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PROCEDURAL RULES RULES IMPLEMENTING THE EQUAL ACCESS TO JUSTICE ACT OF 1980 Procedures for Considering Applications § 14.25 Settlement...

14 CFR 14.25 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlement. 14.25 Section 14.25 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PROCEDURAL RULES RULES IMPLEMENTING THE EQUAL ACCESS TO JUSTICE ACT OF 1980 Procedures for Considering Applications § 14.25 Settlement...

77 FR 23278 - Notice of Lodging of Settlement Agreement Pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-18

... Delaware in In re W.R. Grace & Co., Case No. 01-01139 (JFK). The proposed Settlement Agreement would...-01139 (JFK), and D.J. Ref. No. 90-11-2-07106/5. During the public comment period, the settlement...

10 CFR 590.309 - Settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlements. 590.309 Section 590.309 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) NATURAL GAS (ECONOMIC REGULATORY ADMINISTRATION) ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES WITH RESPECT TO THE IMPORT AND EXPORT OF NATURAL GAS Procedures § 590.309 Settlements. The parties may conduct...

Ethnic Settlement in a Metropolitan Area: A Typology of Communities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Agocs, Carol

1981-01-01

Presents a comparative analysis of changing ethnic residential distributions from 1940-1970 to identify recently evolved forms of ethnic settlement in the Detroit (Michigan) metropolitan area. Identifies and classifies contemporary types of ethnic communities to expand the knowledge of ethnic settlement. (MK)

Highway-railway at-grade crossing structures : long term settlement measurements and assessments.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-05-01

The purpose of this research to evaluate the long-term settlements for a wide variety of at-grade crossings. Twenty-four highway crossings were monitored to determine the effects of enhanced support on minimizing long-term settlements of the crossing...

48 CFR 949.111 - Review of proposed settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Review of proposed settlements. 949.111 Section 949.111 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 949.111 Review of proposed settlements. (a) The Heads...

48 CFR 49.109-5 - Partial settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Partial settlements. 49.109-5 Section 49.109-5 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 49.109-5 Partial settlements. The TCO should attempt...

43 CFR 4.350 - Authority and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Rules Applicable in Indian Affairs Hearings and Appeals White Earth Reservation Land Settlement Act of... to receive compensation under the White Earth Reservation Land Settlement Act of 1985, Public Law 99... such heirs by applying inheritance laws in accordance with the White Earth Reservation Settlement Act...

43 CFR 4.350 - Authority and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Rules Applicable in Indian Affairs Hearings and Appeals White Earth Reservation Land Settlement Act of... to receive compensation under the White Earth Reservation Land Settlement Act of 1985, Public Law 99... such heirs by applying inheritance laws in accordance with the White Earth Reservation Settlement Act...

43 CFR 4.350 - Authority and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Rules Applicable in Indian Affairs Hearings and Appeals White Earth Reservation Land Settlement Act of... to receive compensation under the White Earth Reservation Land Settlement Act of 1985, Public Law 99... such heirs by applying inheritance laws in accordance with the White Earth Reservation Settlement Act...

43 CFR 4.350 - Authority and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Rules Applicable in Indian Affairs Hearings and Appeals White Earth Reservation Land Settlement Act of... to receive compensation under the White Earth Reservation Land Settlement Act of 1985, Public Law 99... such heirs by applying inheritance laws in accordance with the White Earth Reservation Settlement Act...

43 CFR 4.350 - Authority and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Rules Applicable in Indian Affairs Hearings and Appeals White Earth Reservation Land Settlement Act of... to receive compensation under the White Earth Reservation Land Settlement Act of 1985, Public Law 99... such heirs by applying inheritance laws in accordance with the White Earth Reservation Settlement Act...

45 CFR 150.413 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Settlement. 150.413 Section 150.413 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS CMS ENFORCEMENT IN GROUP AND INDIVIDUAL INSURANCE MARKETS Administrative Hearings § 150.413 Settlement. CMS has exclusive...

45 CFR 150.413 - Settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Settlement. 150.413 Section 150.413 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS CMS ENFORCEMENT IN GROUP AND INDIVIDUAL INSURANCE MARKETS Administrative Hearings § 150.413 Settlement. CMS has exclusive...

Principals' Perceptions of the "Gaskin" Settlement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Silla-Zaleski, Vanessa A.; Bauman, Dona C.; Stufft, Derry L.

2007-01-01

The "Gaskin" settlement resulted from a class action lawsuit brought on the behalf of students with significant disabilities in Pennsylvania. With the reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) of 2004 and the "Gaskin" settlement, schools in Pennsylvania are mandated to increase the placement of…

Larval settlement rate: a leading determinant of structure in an ecological community of the marine intertidal zone

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gaines, S.; Roughgarden, J.

Field studies demonstrate that the population structure of the barnacle Balanus glandula differs between locations of high and low larval settlement rate. These observations, together with results from a model for the demography of an open, space-limited population, suggest that the settlement rate may be a more important determinant of rocky intertidal community structure than is presently realized. At the low-settlement location mortality of barnacles is independent of the area occupied by barnacles. At the high-settlement location mortality is cover-dependent due to increased predation by starfish on areas of high barnacle cover. In both locations the cover-independent component of mortalitymore » does not vary with age during the first 60 weeks. Generalizations that the highest species diversity in a rocky intertidal community is found at locations of intermediate disturbance, and that competition causes zonation between species of the barnacle genera Balanus and Chthamalus, seem to apply only to locations with high-settlement rates.« less

Differential larval settlement responses of Porites astreoides and Acropora palmata in the presence of the green alga Halimeda opuntia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Olsen, K.; Sneed, J. M.; Paul, V. J.

2016-06-01

Settlement is critical to maintaining coral cover on reefs, yet interspecific responses of coral planulae to common benthic macroalgae are not well characterized. Larval survival and settlement of two Caribbean reef-building corals, the broadcast-spawner Acropora palmata and the planulae-brooder Porites astreoides, were quantified following exposure to plastic algae controls and the green macroalga Halimeda opuntia. Survival and settlement rates were not significantly affected by the presence of H. opuntia in either species. However, ~10 % of P. astreoides larvae settled on the surface of the macroalga, whereas larvae of A. palmata did not. It is unlikely that corals that settle on macroalgae will survive post-settlement; therefore, H. opuntia may reduce the number of P. astreoides and other non-discriminatory larvae that survive to adulthood. Our results suggest that the presence of macroalgae on impacted reefs can have unexpected repercussions for coral recruitment and highlight discrepancies in settlement specificity between corals with distinct life history strategies.

Settlement performance of the Mediterranean reef-builders Dendropoma cristatum (Biondi 1859) in response to natural bacterial films.

PubMed

La Marca, Emanuela Claudia; Catania, Valentina; Quatrini, Paola; Milazzo, Marco; Chemello, Renato

2018-06-01

The gastropod Dendropoma cristatum is a biogenic engineer of the central Mediterranean, forming reefs along the lower rocky intertidal fringe with a remarkable ecological role. To understand whether reef-associated biofilm cultivable bacterial and biofilm ageing may trigger the settlement of the juvenile snails, a combination of laboratory techniques and field experiments was used. Reef-associated biofilm cultivable bacteria were isolated, and a settlement-choice experiment was performed in situ on artificial biofilms composed of i) a mixture of six biofilm-forming selected isolates, ii) all the cultivable bacteria, and iii) 13-, 23-, 32-day old biofilms formed under natural conditions. Overall, settlement rate significantly differed among biofilm treatments (p < 0.0001). A significant positive correlation between biofilm ageing and juvenile D. cristatum settlement was assessed (r = 0.69 (p < 0.001), whereas the biofilm bacterial composition (relatively to the cultivable fraction) did not show any effect on the vermetid's settlement rate. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Monitoring of health and demographic outcomes in poor urban settlements: evidence from the Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System.

PubMed

Emina, Jacques; Beguy, Donatien; Zulu, Eliya M; Ezeh, Alex C; Muindi, Kanyiva; Elung'ata, Patricia; Otsola, John K; Yé, Yazoumé

2011-06-01

The Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS) was set up in Korogocho and Viwandani slum settlements to provide a platform for investigating linkages between urban poverty, health, and demographic and other socioeconomic outcomes, and to facilitate the evaluation of interventions to improve the wellbeing of the urban poor. Data from the NUHDSS confirm the high level of population mobility in slum settlements, and also demonstrate that slum settlements are long-term homes for many people. Research and intervention programs should take account of the duality of slum residency. Consistent with the trends observed countrywide, the data show substantial improvements in measures of child mortality, while there has been limited decline in fertility in slum settlements. The NUHDSS experience has shown that it is feasible to set up and implement long-term health and demographic surveillance system in urban slum settlements and to generate vital data for guiding policy and actions aimed at improving the wellbeing of the urban poor.

Induction of settlement in mussel (Perna canaliculus) larvae by vessel noise.

PubMed

Wilkens, S L; Stanley, J A; Jeffs, A G

2012-01-01

Underwater sound plays an important role in the settlement behaviour of many coastal organisms. Large steel-hulled vessels are known to be a major source of underwater sound in the marine environment. The possibility that underwater sound from vessels may promote biofouling of hulls through triggering natural larval settlement cues was investigated for the mussel, Perna canaliculus. The mussel larvae showed significantly faster settlement when exposed to the underwater noise produced by a 125-m long steel-hulled passenger and freight ferry. Median time to attachment on the substrata (ie settlement) was reduced by 22% and the time taken for all experimental larvae to settle was reduced by 40% relative to a silent control. There was no difference in the survival of the mussel larvae among the various noise treatments. The decrease in settlement time of the mussel larvae appeared to correlate with the intensity of the vessel sound, suggesting that underwater sound emanating from vessels may be an important factor in exacerbating hull fouling by mussels.

Research on filling scheme and deformation properties of wide subgrade of foamed lightweight soil on soft ground

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Faru; Yang, Deguang; Zhang, Liujun

2018-01-01

The wide subgrade on soft soil ground has the significantly different transverse settlement curve characteristics and the lacation of the maximum asymmetrical transverse settlement compared with ordinary subgrade. Especially when the subgrade filled with materials of different densities, the synergism deformation of ground-subgrade-pavement and the pavement structure stress become more complex. Combining with the engineering example, the settlement deformation characteristics of wide subgrade adopting the different filling scheme and the stress distribution of pavement structure are analyzed. Results show that the settlement curve of wide subgrade has a shape of flat middle with steep sides, and the maximum transverse asymmetrical settlement locates in close to the shoulder position. The maximum stress within the pavement structure is also in close to the shoulder position. Regarding the wide subgrade composed of main road and relief road, the post-construction settlement can be greatly reduced when both roads are filled with foamed lightweight soil.

Use of Nondisclosure Agreements in Medical Malpractice Settlements by a Large Academic Health Care System.

PubMed

Sage, William M; Jablonski, Joseph S; Thomas, Eric J

2015-07-01

Honesty and transparency are essential aspects of health care, including in physicians' and hospitals' responses to medical error. Biases and habits associated with medical malpractice litigation, however, may work at cross-purposes with compassion in clinical care and with efforts to improve patient safety. To determine the frequency of nondisclosure agreements in medical malpractice settlements and the extent to which the restrictions in these agreements seem incompatible with good patient care. We performed a retrospective review of medical malpractice claim files, including settlement agreements, for claims closed before (fiscal year 2001-2002), during (fiscal year 2006-2007), and after (fiscal years 2009-2012) the implementation of tort reform in Texas. We studied The University of Texas System, which self-insures malpractice claims that involve 6000 physicians at 6 medical campuses in 5 cities. Nondisclosure provisions in medical malpractice settlements. During the 5 study years, The University of Texas System closed 715 malpractice claims and made 150 settlement payments. For the 124 cases that met our selection criteria, the median compensation paid by the university was $100,000 (range, $500-$1.25 million), and the mean compensation was $185,372. A total of 110 settlement agreements (88.7%) included nondisclosure provisions. All the nondisclosure clauses prohibited disclosure of the settlement terms and amount, 61 (55.5%) prohibited disclosure that the settlement had been reached, 51 (46.4%) prohibited disclosure of the facts of the claim, 29 (26.4%) prohibited reporting to regulatory agencies, and 10 (9.1%) prohibited disclosure by the settling physicians and hospitals, not only by the claimant. Three agreements (2.7%) included specific language that prohibited the claimant from disparaging the physicians or hospitals. The 50 settlement agreements signed after tort reform took full effect in Texas (2009-2012) had stricter nondisclosure provisions than the 60 signed in earlier years: settlements after tort reform were more likely to prohibit disclosure of the event of settlement (36 [72.0%] vs 25 [41.7%]; P < .001), to prohibit disclosure of the facts of the claims (31 [62.0%] vs 20 [33.3%]; P = .003), and to prohibit reporting to regulatory bodies (25 [50.0%] vs 4 [6.7%]; P < .001). An academic health system with a declared commitment to patient safety and transparency used nondisclosure clauses in most malpractice settlement agreements but with little standardization or consistency. The scope of nondisclosure was often broader than seemed needed to protect physicians and hospitals from disparagement by the plaintiff or to avoid publicizing settlement amounts that might attract other claimants. Some agreements prohibited reporting to regulatory agencies, a practice that the health system changed in response to our findings.

Options for the human settlement of the moon and Mars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fairchild, Kyle O.; Roberts, Barney B.

1989-01-01

The evolutionary approach to space development is discussed in the framework of three overall strategies encompassing four case studies. The first strategy, human expeditions, places emphasis on highly visible, near-term manned missions to Mars or to one of the two moons of Mars. These expeditions are similar in scope and objectives to the Apollo program, with infrastructure development only conducted to the degree necessary to support one or two short-duration trips. Two such expeditionary scenarios, one to Phobus and the other to the Mars surface, are discussed. The second strategy involves the construction of science outposts, and emphasizes scientific exploration as well as investigation of technologies and operations needed for permanent habitation. A third strategy, evolutionary expansion, would explore and settle the inner solar system in a series of steps, with continued development of technologies, experience, and infrastructure.

Let's Orbit Mars: A Proposal to Explore Mars Now

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Landis, Geoffrey A.

2004-01-01

Mars is an exciting target for the human exploration; the next destination toward the ultimate human colonization of the solar system. But the price of proposed missions to Mars is a daunting barrier. Expensive missions make it a slow and difficult process to achieve the political consensus to make a commitment to exploration. In today's deficit-conscious era (and what era is not?), it is as difficult-- perhaps impossible-- task to justify to a skeptical and cost-conscious public the need to invest in exploration. It seems far too easy to postpone exploration into a future that never seems to arrive. It would be terrific to explore Mars in small steps, where each step makes progress toward human exploration and settlement, and each step also is not only exciting to the public, but also justifiable on its own scientific merits.

Tropical Storm Arthur Forms

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-07-01

Radar and satellite imagery indicate that the convective organization of the cyclone has improved, and the cyclone is being upgraded based on a sustained wind report of 33 kt from Settlement Point, Grand Bahama Island earlier this morning. Low shear conditions and warm sea-surface temperatures should allow for at least steady strengthening, and the cyclone is expected to become a hurricane by 72 hours. This image was taken by GOES East at 1445Z on July 1, 2014. Credit: NOAA/NASA GOES Project Caption: NOAA NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

The Pre-History of Urban Scaling

PubMed Central

Ortman, Scott G.; Cabaniss, Andrew H. F.; Sturm, Jennie O.; Bettencourt, Luís M. A.

2014-01-01

Cities are increasingly the fundamental socio-economic units of human societies worldwide, but we still lack a unified characterization of urbanization that captures the social processes realized by cities across time and space. This is especially important for understanding the role of cities in the history of human civilization and for determining whether studies of ancient cities are relevant for contemporary science and policy. As a step in this direction, we develop a theory of settlement scaling in archaeology, deriving the relationship between population and settled area from a consideration of the interplay between social and infrastructural networks. We then test these models on settlement data from the Pre-Hispanic Basin of Mexico to show that this ancient settlement system displays spatial scaling properties analogous to those observed in modern cities. Our data derive from over 1,500 settlements occupied over two millennia and spanning four major cultural periods characterized by different levels of agricultural productivity, political centralization and market development. We show that, in agreement with theory, total settlement area increases with population size, on average, according to a scale invariant relation with an exponent in the range . As a consequence, we are able to infer aggregate socio-economic properties of ancient societies from archaeological measures of settlement organization. Our findings, from an urban settlement system that evolved independently from its old-world counterparts, suggest that principles of settlement organization are very general and may apply to the entire range of human history. PMID:24533062

Larval Settlement: The Role of Surface Topography for Sessile Coral Reef Invertebrates

PubMed Central

Whalan, Steve; Abdul Wahab, Muhammad A.; Sprungala, Susanne; Poole, Andrew J.; de Nys, Rocky

2015-01-01

For sessile marine invertebrates with complex life cycles, habitat choice is directed by the larval phase. Defining which habitat-linked cues are implicated in sessile invertebrate larval settlement has largely concentrated on chemical cues which are thought to signal optimal habitat. There has been less effort establishing physical settlement cues, including the role of surface microtopography. This laboratory based study tested whether surface microtopography alone (without chemical cues) plays an important contributing role in the settlement of larvae of coral reef sessile invertebrates. We measured settlement to tiles, engineered with surface microtopography (holes) that closely matched the sizes (width) of larvae of a range of corals and sponges, in addition to surfaces with holes that were markedly larger than larvae. Larvae from two species of scleractinian corals (Acropora millepora and Ctenactis crassa) and three species of coral reef sponges (Luffariella variabilis, Carteriospongia foliascens and Ircinia sp.,) were used in experiments. L. variabilis, A. millepora and C. crassa showed markedly higher settlement to surface microtopography that closely matched their larval width. C. foliascens and Ircinia sp., showed no specificity to surface microtopography, settling just as often to microtopography as to flat surfaces. The findings of this study question the sole reliance on chemical based larval settlement cues, previously established for some coral and sponge species, and demonstrate that specific physical cues (surface complexity) can also play an important role in larval settlement of coral reef sessile invertebrates. PMID:25671562

Larval settlement: the role of surface topography for sessile coral reef invertebrates.

PubMed

Whalan, Steve; Wahab, Muhammad A Abdul; Sprungala, Susanne; Poole, Andrew J; de Nys, Rocky

2015-01-01

For sessile marine invertebrates with complex life cycles, habitat choice is directed by the larval phase. Defining which habitat-linked cues are implicated in sessile invertebrate larval settlement has largely concentrated on chemical cues which are thought to signal optimal habitat. There has been less effort establishing physical settlement cues, including the role of surface microtopography. This laboratory based study tested whether surface microtopography alone (without chemical cues) plays an important contributing role in the settlement of larvae of coral reef sessile invertebrates. We measured settlement to tiles, engineered with surface microtopography (holes) that closely matched the sizes (width) of larvae of a range of corals and sponges, in addition to surfaces with holes that were markedly larger than larvae. Larvae from two species of scleractinian corals (Acropora millepora and Ctenactis crassa) and three species of coral reef sponges (Luffariella variabilis, Carteriospongia foliascens and Ircinia sp.,) were used in experiments. L. variabilis, A. millepora and C. crassa showed markedly higher settlement to surface microtopography that closely matched their larval width. C. foliascens and Ircinia sp., showed no specificity to surface microtopography, settling just as often to microtopography as to flat surfaces. The findings of this study question the sole reliance on chemical based larval settlement cues, previously established for some coral and sponge species, and demonstrate that specific physical cues (surface complexity) can also play an important role in larval settlement of coral reef sessile invertebrates.

The pre-history of urban scaling.

PubMed

Ortman, Scott G; Cabaniss, Andrew H F; Sturm, Jennie O; Bettencourt, Luís M A

2014-01-01

Cities are increasingly the fundamental socio-economic units of human societies worldwide, but we still lack a unified characterization of urbanization that captures the social processes realized by cities across time and space. This is especially important for understanding the role of cities in the history of human civilization and for determining whether studies of ancient cities are relevant for contemporary science and policy. As a step in this direction, we develop a theory of settlement scaling in archaeology, deriving the relationship between population and settled area from a consideration of the interplay between social and infrastructural networks. We then test these models on settlement data from the Pre-Hispanic Basin of Mexico to show that this ancient settlement system displays spatial scaling properties analogous to those observed in modern cities. Our data derive from over 1,500 settlements occupied over two millennia and spanning four major cultural periods characterized by different levels of agricultural productivity, political centralization and market development. We show that, in agreement with theory, total settlement area increases with population size, on average, according to a scale invariant relation with an exponent in the range [Formula: see text]. As a consequence, we are able to infer aggregate socio-economic properties of ancient societies from archaeological measures of settlement organization. Our findings, from an urban settlement system that evolved independently from its old-world counterparts, suggest that principles of settlement organization are very general and may apply to the entire range of human history.

Basic Characteristics and Spatial Patterns of Pseudo-Settlements—Taking Dalian as An Example

PubMed Central

Gao, Jiaji; Zhang, Yingjia; Li, Xueming

2016-01-01

A person’s living behavior patterns are closely related to three types of settlements: real-life settlements, imagined settlements, and pseudo-settlements. The term “pseudo-settlement” (PS) refers to the places that are selectively recorded and represented after the mass media chose and restructure the residence information. As the mass media rapidly develops and people’s way of obtaining information gradually change, PS has already become one of the main ways for people to recognize and understand real-life settlements, as well as describe their impressions of imagined settlements. PS also has a profound impact on tourism, employment, investment, migration, real estate development, etc. Thus, the study of PSs has important theoretical and practical significance. This paper proposes to put forward residential quarters where the mass media is displayed as the object of study and establishes the pseudo-settlement index system of Dalian in and elaborate analysis of the concept of PSs. From three aspects, including pseudo-buildings, pseudo-districts and pseudo-culture, this paper uses the ArcGIS 10.0 kernel density (spacial analyst) to analyze and interpret the basic characteristics and spatial patterns of 14 elements of the PS in Dalian. Through systemic clustering analysis, it identifies eight major types of PSs in Dalian. Then it systematically elaborates current situations and characteristics of the spatial pattern of PSs in Dalian, namely: regionally concentrated, widely scattered and blank spaces without pseudo-settlements. Finally, this paper discusses the mechanism of formation of PSs in Dalian. PMID:26805859

45 CFR 96.32 - Financial settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Financial settlement. 96.32 Section 96.32 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION BLOCK GRANTS Financial Management § 96.32 Financial settlement. The State must repay to the Department amounts found after audit...

22 CFR 1423.11 - Settlement or adjustment of issues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... respondent, and the Regional Director concludes that the offered settlement will effectuate the policies of... effectuate the policies of the Foreign Service Labor-Management Relations Statute, the Regional Director may... Regional Director concludes that the offered settlement will effectuate the policies of the Foreign Service...

22 CFR 1423.11 - Settlement or adjustment of issues.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... respondent, and the Regional Director concludes that the offered settlement will effectuate the policies of... effectuate the policies of the Foreign Service Labor-Management Relations Statute, the Regional Director may... Regional Director concludes that the offered settlement will effectuate the policies of the Foreign Service...

76 FR 30391 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-25

... FOREIGN CLAIMS SETTLEMENT COMMISSION [F.C.S.C. Meeting Notice No. 3-11] Sunshine Act Meeting The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, pursuant to its regulations (45 CFR part 503) and the Government in.... Status: Open. All meetings are held at the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, 600 E Street, NW...

77 FR 31392 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-25

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Foreign Claims Settlement Commission [F.C.S.C. Meeting and Hearing Notice No. 05-12] Sunshine Act Meeting The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, pursuant to its regulations (45... Claim No. LIB-II-083. Status: Open. All meetings are held at the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission...

76 FR 42733 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-19

... FOREIGN CLAIMS SETTLEMENT COMMISSION [F.C.S.C. Meeting Notice No. 7-11] Sunshine Act Meeting The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, pursuant to its regulations (45 CFR Part 503) and the Government in.... STATUS: Open. All meetings are held at the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, 600 E Street, NW...

76 FR 17152 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-28

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Foreign Claims Settlement Commission [F.C.S.C. Meeting Notice No. 1-11] Sunshine Act Meeting The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, pursuant to its regulations (45 CFR part 504... claims against Albania and Libya. Status: Open. All meetings are held at the Foreign Claims Settlement...

7 CFR 1956.109 - General requirements for debt settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true General requirements for debt settlement. 1956.109 Section 1956.109 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING... and Business Programs § 1956.109 General requirements for debt settlement. (a) Debt due and payable...

32 CFR 536.58 - Settlement negotiations with unrepresented claimants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Settlement negotiations with unrepresented... Settlement negotiations with unrepresented claimants. All aspects of the applicable law and procedure, except... chronology and details of negotiations should be memorialized with a written record furnished to the claimant...

32 CFR 536.58 - Settlement negotiations with unrepresented claimants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2012-07-01 2009-07-01 true Settlement negotiations with unrepresented... Settlement negotiations with unrepresented claimants. All aspects of the applicable law and procedure, except... chronology and details of negotiations should be memorialized with a written record furnished to the claimant...

32 CFR 536.58 - Settlement negotiations with unrepresented claimants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Settlement negotiations with unrepresented... Settlement negotiations with unrepresented claimants. All aspects of the applicable law and procedure, except... chronology and details of negotiations should be memorialized with a written record furnished to the claimant...

32 CFR 536.58 - Settlement negotiations with unrepresented claimants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Settlement negotiations with unrepresented... Settlement negotiations with unrepresented claimants. All aspects of the applicable law and procedure, except... chronology and details of negotiations should be memorialized with a written record furnished to the claimant...

32 CFR 536.58 - Settlement negotiations with unrepresented claimants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Settlement negotiations with unrepresented... Settlement negotiations with unrepresented claimants. All aspects of the applicable law and procedure, except... chronology and details of negotiations should be memorialized with a written record furnished to the claimant...

39 CFR 963.12 - Settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Settlement agreements. 963.12 Section 963.12 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE PROCEDURES RULES OF PRACTICE IN PROCEEDINGS RELATIVE TO VIOLATIONS OF THE PANDERING ADVERTISEMENTS STATUTE, 39 U.S.C. 3008 § 963.12 Settlement agreements. These...

48 CFR 48.104-4 - Sharing alternative-no-cost settlement method.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...-cost settlement method. 48.104-4 Section 48.104-4 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Policies and Procedures 48.104-4 Sharing alternative—no-cost settlement method. In selecting an appropriate mechanism for incorporating a VECP into a...

37 CFR 41.205 - Settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Settlement agreements. 41.205....205 Settlement agreements. (a) Constructive notice; time for filing. Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. 135(c), an agreement or understanding, including collateral agreements referred to therein, made in connection with or...

37 CFR 41.205 - Settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Settlement agreements. 41.205....205 Settlement agreements. (a) Constructive notice; time for filing. Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. 135(c), an agreement or understanding, including collateral agreements referred to therein, made in connection with or...

17 CFR 166.5 - Dispute settlement procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Dispute settlement procedures. 166.5 Section 166.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION CUSTOMER PROTECTION RULES § 166.5 Dispute settlement procedures. (a) Definitions. (1) The term claim or grievance as...

45 CFR 96.32 - Financial settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Financial settlement. 96.32 Section 96.32 Public Welfare Department of Health and Human Services GENERAL ADMINISTRATION BLOCK GRANTS Financial Management § 96.32 Financial settlement. The State must repay to the Department amounts found after audit...

45 CFR 96.32 - Financial settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Financial settlement. 96.32 Section 96.32 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION BLOCK GRANTS Financial Management § 96.32 Financial settlement. The State must repay to the Department amounts found after audit...

45 CFR 96.32 - Financial settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Financial settlement. 96.32 Section 96.32 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION BLOCK GRANTS Financial Management § 96.32 Financial settlement. The State must repay to the Department amounts found after audit...

45 CFR 96.32 - Financial settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Financial settlement. 96.32 Section 96.32 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION BLOCK GRANTS Financial Management § 96.32 Financial settlement. The State must repay to the Department amounts found after audit...

29 CFR 1691.11 - EEOC negotiated settlements and conciliation agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EEOC negotiated settlements and conciliation agreements. 1691.11 Section 1691.11 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY... FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE § 1691.11 EEOC negotiated settlements and conciliation agreements. If the parties enter...

29 CFR 1691.11 - EEOC negotiated settlements and conciliation agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EEOC negotiated settlements and conciliation agreements. 1691.11 Section 1691.11 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY... FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE § 1691.11 EEOC negotiated settlements and conciliation agreements. If the parties enter...

29 CFR 1691.11 - EEOC negotiated settlements and conciliation agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EEOC negotiated settlements and conciliation agreements. 1691.11 Section 1691.11 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY... FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE § 1691.11 EEOC negotiated settlements and conciliation agreements. If the parties enter...

29 CFR 1691.11 - EEOC negotiated settlements and conciliation agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EEOC negotiated settlements and conciliation agreements. 1691.11 Section 1691.11 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY... FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE § 1691.11 EEOC negotiated settlements and conciliation agreements. If the parties enter...

29 CFR 1691.11 - EEOC negotiated settlements and conciliation agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EEOC negotiated settlements and conciliation agreements. 1691.11 Section 1691.11 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY... FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE § 1691.11 EEOC negotiated settlements and conciliation agreements. If the parties enter...

76 FR 32360 - Casmalia Disposal Site; Notice of Proposed CERCLA Administrative De Minimis Settlement

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-06

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9314-3] Casmalia Disposal Site; Notice of Proposed CERCLA Administrative De Minimis Settlement AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice; correction. SUMMARY: On April 4, 2011, a published notice of a proposed administrative de minimis settlement...

20 CFR 702.242 - Information necessary for a complete settlement application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... settlement application. (a) The settlement application shall be a self-sufficient document which can be.... This report shall indicate whether maximum medical improvement has been reached and whether further... improvement, a medical report prepared at the time the employee's condition stabilized will satisfy the...

20 CFR 702.242 - Information necessary for a complete settlement application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... settlement application. (a) The settlement application shall be a self-sufficient document which can be.... This report shall indicate whether maximum medical improvement has been reached and whether further... improvement, a medical report prepared at the time the employee's condition stabilized will satisfy the...

20 CFR 702.242 - Information necessary for a complete settlement application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... settlement application. (a) The settlement application shall be a self-sufficient document which can be.... This report shall indicate whether maximum medical improvement has been reached and whether further... improvement, a medical report prepared at the time the employee's condition stabilized will satisfy the...

20 CFR 702.242 - Information necessary for a complete settlement application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... settlement application. (a) The settlement application shall be a self-sufficient document which can be.... This report shall indicate whether maximum medical improvement has been reached and whether further... improvement, a medical report prepared at the time the employee's condition stabilized will satisfy the...

20 CFR 702.242 - Information necessary for a complete settlement application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... settlement application. (a) The settlement application shall be a self-sufficient document which can be.... This report shall indicate whether maximum medical improvement has been reached and whether further... improvement, a medical report prepared at the time the employee's condition stabilized will satisfy the...

18 CFR 808.18 - Settlement by agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Settlement by agreement. 808.18 Section 808.18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BASIN COMMISSION HEARINGS AND ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS Compliance and Enforcement § 808.18 Settlement by agreement. (a) An...

18 CFR 808.18 - Settlement by agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Settlement by agreement. 808.18 Section 808.18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BASIN COMMISSION HEARINGS AND ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS Compliance and Enforcement § 808.18 Settlement by agreement. (a) An...

18 CFR 808.18 - Settlement by agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Settlement by agreement. 808.18 Section 808.18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BASIN COMMISSION HEARINGS AND ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS Compliance and Enforcement § 808.18 Settlement by agreement. (a) An...

18 CFR 808.18 - Settlement by agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2013-04-01 2012-04-01 true Settlement by agreement. 808.18 Section 808.18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BASIN COMMISSION HEARINGS AND ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS Compliance and Enforcement § 808.18 Settlement by agreement. (a) An...

18 CFR 808.18 - Settlement by agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Settlement by agreement. 808.18 Section 808.18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BASIN COMMISSION HEARINGS AND ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS Compliance and Enforcement § 808.18 Settlement by agreement. (a) An...

31 CFR 248.7 - Claims requiring settlement action.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Claims requiring settlement action. 248.7 Section 248.7 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued... claimant and transmit such data to the Claims Division, General Accounting Office, for settlement action. ...

32 CFR 536.124 - Settlement authority for maritime claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Settlement authority for maritime claims. 536.124 Section 536.124 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY CLAIMS AND ACCOUNTS CLAIMS AGAINST THE UNITED STATES Maritime Claims § 536.124 Settlement authority for maritime...

77 FR 65908 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-31

... FOREIGN CLAIMS SETTLEMENT COMMISSION [F.C.S.C. Meeting and Hearing Notice No. 09-12] Sunshine Act Meeting The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, pursuant to its regulations (45 CFR 503.25) and the...-177. Status: Open. All meetings are held at the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, 600 E Street, NW...

76 FR 60530 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-29

... FOREIGN CLAIMS SETTLEMENT COMMISSION [F.C.S.C. Meeting and Hearing Notice No. 9-11] Sunshine Act Meeting The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, pursuant to its regulations (45 CFR Part 503.25) and the... claims against Libya Status: Open. All meetings are held at the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, 600...

77 FR 61641 - Notice of Sunshine Act Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-10

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Foreign Claims Settlement Commission [F.C.S.C. Meeting and Hearing Notice No. 08-12] Notice of Sunshine Act Meeting The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, pursuant to its...; 12:00 noon--LIB-II-194. Status: Open. All meetings are held at the Foreign Claims Settlement...

77 FR 13634 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-07

... FOREIGN CLAIMS SETTLEMENT COMMISSION [F.C.S.C. Meeting and Hearing Notice No. 03-12] Sunshine Act Meeting The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, pursuant to its regulations (45 CFR part 503.25) and the...; 12 noon--LIB-II-168. Status: Open. All meetings are held at the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission...

75 FR 5629 - Sunshine Act Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-03

... FOREIGN CLAIMS SETTLEMENT COMMISSION [F.C.S.C. Meeting Notice No. 1-10] Sunshine Act Meeting The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, pursuant to its regulations (45 CFR part 504) and the Government in... Libya. STATUS: Open. All meetings are held at the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, 600 E Street, NW...

45 CFR 150.325 - Settlement authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Settlement authority. 150.325 Section 150.325 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS CMS... Governmental Plans-Civil Money Penalties § 150.325 Settlement authority. Nothing in §§ 150.315 through 150.323...

7 CFR 1956.102 - Application of policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Application of policies. 1956.102 Section 1956.102...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Community and Business Programs § 1956.102... restructuring options according to § 1956.143 of this subpart must be exhausted before the other settlement...

7 CFR 1956.112 - Debts ineligible for settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Debts ineligible for settlement. 1956.112 Section 1956.112 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL... § 1956.112 Debts ineligible for settlement. Debts will not be settled: (a) If referral to the Office of...

31 CFR 598.703 - Response to prepenalty notice; informal settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Response to prepenalty notice; informal settlement. 598.703 Section 598.703 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and... SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Penalties § 598.703 Response to prepenalty notice; informal settlement. (a) Deadline...

31 CFR 598.703 - Response to prepenalty notice; informal settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Response to prepenalty notice; informal settlement. 598.703 Section 598.703 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and... SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Penalties § 598.703 Response to prepenalty notice; informal settlement. (a) Deadline...

31 CFR 598.703 - Response to prepenalty notice; informal settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Response to prepenalty notice; informal settlement. 598.703 Section 598.703 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and... SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Penalties § 598.703 Response to prepenalty notice; informal settlement. (a) Deadline...

31 CFR 598.703 - Response to prepenalty notice; informal settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Response to prepenalty notice; informal settlement. 598.703 Section 598.703 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and... SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Penalties § 598.703 Response to prepenalty notice; informal settlement. (a) Deadline...

31 CFR 598.703 - Response to prepenalty notice; informal settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Response to prepenalty notice; informal settlement. 598.703 Section 598.703 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and... SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Penalties § 598.703 Response to prepenalty notice; informal settlement. (a) Deadline...

12 CFR 308.179 - Settlement negotiations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Settlement negotiations. 308.179 Section 308.179 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION PROCEDURE AND RULES OF PRACTICE RULES OF... § 308.179 Settlement negotiations. If counsel for the FDIC and the applicant believe that the issues in...

12 CFR 308.179 - Settlement negotiations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Settlement negotiations. 308.179 Section 308.179 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION PROCEDURE AND RULES OF PRACTICE RULES OF... § 308.179 Settlement negotiations. If counsel for the FDIC and the applicant believe that the issues in...

12 CFR 308.179 - Settlement negotiations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Settlement negotiations. 308.179 Section 308.179 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION PROCEDURE AND RULES OF PRACTICE RULES OF... § 308.179 Settlement negotiations. If counsel for the FDIC and the applicant believe that the issues in...

12 CFR 308.179 - Settlement negotiations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlement negotiations. 308.179 Section 308.179 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION PROCEDURE AND RULES OF PRACTICE RULES OF... § 308.179 Settlement negotiations. If counsel for the FDIC and the applicant believe that the issues in...

12 CFR 308.179 - Settlement negotiations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Settlement negotiations. 308.179 Section 308.179 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION PROCEDURE AND RULES OF PRACTICE RULES OF... § 308.179 Settlement negotiations. If counsel for the FDIC and the applicant believe that the issues in...

Greening the CWA consent decree - some examples of collaborative research amongst USEPA and municipalities

EPA Science Inventory

Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) violate the Clean Water Act Enforcement of CWA boils down to settlements with US cities – typically billions of dollars Green Infrastructure (GI) has come into view as part of consent decree settlements These settlements are a primary way to rehab...

Residential expansion as a continental threat to U.S. coastal ecosystems

Treesearch

J.G. Bartlett; D.M. Mageean; R.J. O' Connor

2000-01-01

Spatially extensive analysis of satellite, climate, and census data reveals human-environment interactions of regional or continental concern in the United States. A grid-based principal components analysis of Bureau of Census variables revealed two independent demographic phenomena, a-settlement reflecting traditional human settlement patterns and p-settlement...

31 CFR 535.441 - Settlement Agreement regarding small claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, approving and giving effect to the Settlement Agreement in Claims...”), constitutes a determination by the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal of all claims encompassed therein within... Stat. 437, applicable to en bloc settlements of claims of U.S. nationals against Iran. (b) Pursuant to...

31 CFR 535.441 - Settlement Agreement regarding small claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, approving and giving effect to the Settlement Agreement in Claims...”), constitutes a determination by the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal of all claims encompassed therein within... Stat. 437, applicable to en bloc settlements of claims of U.S. nationals against Iran. (b) Pursuant to...

42 CFR 93.409 - Settlement of research misconduct proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Settlement of research misconduct proceedings. 93... POLICIES ON RESEARCH MISCONDUCT Responsibilities of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Research Misconduct Issues § 93.409 Settlement of research misconduct proceedings. (a) HHS may settle a...

42 CFR 93.409 - Settlement of research misconduct proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Settlement of research misconduct proceedings. 93... POLICIES ON RESEARCH MISCONDUCT Responsibilities of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Research Misconduct Issues § 93.409 Settlement of research misconduct proceedings. (a) HHS may settle a...

42 CFR 93.409 - Settlement of research misconduct proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Settlement of research misconduct proceedings. 93... POLICIES ON RESEARCH MISCONDUCT Responsibilities of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Research Misconduct Issues § 93.409 Settlement of research misconduct proceedings. (a) HHS may settle a...

42 CFR 93.409 - Settlement of research misconduct proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Settlement of research misconduct proceedings. 93... POLICIES ON RESEARCH MISCONDUCT Responsibilities of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Research Misconduct Issues § 93.409 Settlement of research misconduct proceedings. (a) HHS may settle a...

42 CFR 93.409 - Settlement of research misconduct proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Settlement of research misconduct proceedings. 93... POLICIES ON RESEARCH MISCONDUCT Responsibilities of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Research Misconduct Issues § 93.409 Settlement of research misconduct proceedings. (a) HHS may settle a...

78 FR 57852 - Warrior Rosin Spill Superfund Site, Holt, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama ; Notice of Settlement

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-20

... Superfund Site, Holt, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama ; Notice of Settlement AGENCY: Environmental Protection... concerning the Warrior Rosin Spill Superfund Site located in Holt, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama. The settlement.../superfund/programs/enforcement/enforcement.html . U.S. Mail: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Superfund...

77 FR 38629 - Notice of Proposed Administrative Settlement Pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-28

... administrative settlement concerning the Arkansas Waste to Energy Superfund Site, located in Osceola, Mississippi...), notice is hereby given of a proposed administrative settlement concerning the Arkansas Waste to Energy... (214) 665-7480. Comments should reference the Arkansas Waste to Energy Superfund Site, located in...

77 FR 38628 - Notice of Proposed Administrative Settlement Pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-28

... administrative settlement concerning the Arkansas Waste to Energy Superfund Site, located in Osceola, Mississippi...), notice is hereby given of a proposed administrative settlement concerning the Arkansas Waste to Energy... (214) 665-7480. Comments should reference the Arkansas Waste to Energy Superfund Site, located in...

77 FR 38629 - Notice of Proposed Administrative Settlement Pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-28

... administrative settlement concerning the Arkansas Waste to Energy Superfund Site, located in Osceola, Mississippi...), notice is hereby given of a proposed administrative settlement concerning the Arkansas Waste to Energy... calling (214) 665-7480. Comments should reference the Arkansas Waste to Energy Superfund Site, located in...

77 FR 38628 - Notice of Proposed Administrative Settlement Pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-28

... administrative settlement concerning the Arkansas Waste to Energy Superfund Site, located in Osceola, Mississippi...), notice is hereby given of a proposed administrative settlement concerning the Arkansas Waste to Energy... calling (214) 665-7480. Comments should reference the Arkansas Waste to Energy Superfund Site, located in...

48 CFR 49.109-4 - No-cost settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false No-cost settlement. 49.109-4 Section 49.109-4 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 49.109-4 No-cost settlement. The TCO shall execute a...

77 FR 64821 - Notice of Submission of Proposed Information Collection to OMB; Emergency Comment Request; Real...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-23

... Proposed Information Collection to OMB; Emergency Comment Request; Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act... Proposal: Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) Disclosures. OMB Control Number, if applicable... reinstatement of a discontinued information collection. The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act of 1974...

78 FR 24227 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request: Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-24

... Information Collection; Comment Request: Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) Disclosures AGENCY.... Description of the need for the information and proposed use: The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act of... Act), rulemaking authority for and certain enforcement authorities with respect to the Real Estate...

7 CFR 760.911 - Offsets, assignments, and debt settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Offsets, assignments, and debt settlement. 760.911 Section 760.911 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FARM SERVICE AGENCY... § 760.911 Offsets, assignments, and debt settlement. (a) Any payment to any participant will be made...

7 CFR 760.911 - Offsets, assignments, and debt settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Offsets, assignments, and debt settlement. 760.911 Section 760.911 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FARM SERVICE AGENCY... § 760.911 Offsets, assignments, and debt settlement. (a) Any payment to any participant will be made...

7 CFR 760.911 - Offsets, assignments, and debt settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Offsets, assignments, and debt settlement. 760.911 Section 760.911 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FARM SERVICE AGENCY... § 760.911 Offsets, assignments, and debt settlement. (a) Any payment to any participant will be made...

7 CFR 760.911 - Offsets, assignments, and debt settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Offsets, assignments, and debt settlement. 760.911 Section 760.911 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FARM SERVICE AGENCY... § 760.911 Offsets, assignments, and debt settlement. (a) Any payment to any participant will be made...

7 CFR 760.911 - Offsets, assignments, and debt settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Offsets, assignments, and debt settlement. 760.911 Section 760.911 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FARM SERVICE AGENCY... § 760.911 Offsets, assignments, and debt settlement. (a) Any payment to any participant will be made...

77 FR 67814 - Proposed Settlement Agreement, Clean Air Act Citizen Suit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-14

... Suit AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice of proposed settlement agreement..., 2012, Sierra Club (``Intervenor'') filed a timely motion to intervene. The motion was granted March 27, 2012. The proposed settlement agreement establishes a deadline for EPA to take action on a SIP to be...

75 FR 27776 - City of Seattle, Public Utility District No. 1 of Pend Orielle County; Notice of Technical...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-18

... Settlement Agreement and Soliciting Scoping Comments on the Proposed Sullivan Creek Hydroelectric Project... of Pend Oreille, County, Washington (District) filed a joint comprehensive settlement agreement (Settlement), explanatory statement and a request to consolidate the processing of the City's relicensing of...