30 CFR 57.19100 - Shaft landing gates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Shaft landing gates. 57.19100 Section 57.19100 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Shafts § 57.19100 Shaft landing gates. Shaft landings shall be equipped with substantial safety gates so...

Effect of centrifugal force on natural frequency of lateral vibration of rotating shafts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Behzad, M.; Bastami, A. R.

2004-07-01

This paper investigates the effect of shaft rotation on its natural frequency. Apart from gyroscopic effect, the axial force originated from centrifugal force and the Poisson effect results in change of shaft natural frequency. D'Alembert principle for shaft in cylindrical co-ordinate system, along with the stress-strain relation, gives the non-homogenous linear differential equation, which can be used to calculate axial stress in the shaft. Numerical results of this study show that axial stress produced by shaft rotation has a major effect on the natural frequency of long high-speed shafts, while shaft diameter has no influence on the results. In addition, change in lateral natural frequency due to gyroscopic effect is compared with the results of this study.

Rotor and bearing system for a turbomachine

DOEpatents

Lubell, Daniel; Weissert, Dennis

2006-09-26

A rotor and bearing system for a turbomachine. The turbomachine includes a drive shaft, an impeller positioned on the drive shaft, and a turbine positioned on the drive shaft proximate to the impeller. The bearing system comprises one gas journal bearing supporting the drive shaft between the impeller and the turbine. The area between the impeller and the turbine is an area of increased heat along the drive shaft in comparison to other locations along the drive shaft. The section of the drive shaft positioned between impeller and the turbine is also a section of the drive shaft that experiences increased stressed and load in the turbomachine. The inventive bearing machine system positions only one radial bearing in this area of increased stress and load.

Monitoring techniques for the X-29A aircraft's high-speed rotating power takeoff shaft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Voracek, David F.

1990-01-01

The experimental X-29A forward swept-wing aircraft has many unique and critical systems that require constant monitoring during ground or flight operation. One such system is the power takeoff shaft, which is the mechanical link between the engine and the aircraft-mounted accessory drive. The X-29A power takeoff shaft opertes in a range between 0 and 16,810 rpm, is longer than most jet engine power takeoff shafts, and is made of graphite epoxy material. Since the X-29A aircraft operates on a single engine, failure of the shaft during flight could lead to loss of the aircraft. The monitoring techniques and test methods used during power takeoff shaft ground and flight operations are discussed. Test data are presented in two case studies where monitoring and testing of the shaft dynamics proved instrumental in discovering and isolating X-29A power takeoff shaft problems. The first study concerns the installation of an unbalanced shaft. The effect of the unbalance on the shaft vibration data and the procedure used to correct the problem are discussed. The second study deals with the shaft exceeding the established vibration limits during flight. This case study found that the vibration of connected rotating machinery unbalances contributed to the excessive vibration level of the shaft. The procedures used to identify the contributions of other rotating machinery unbalances to the power takeoff shaft unbalance are discussed.

Static, Modal and Buckling Analyses of Automotive Propeller Shaft using Finite Element Methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Mukul; Singh, Nilamber Kumar

2018-03-01

This paper presents a comparative study of static, modal and buckling analyses of aluminium alloys and steel, Al6351, Al7075 and SM45C made automotive propeller shafts using finite element methods. The 3D-model of propeller shaft is created in CATIA and then analysis is done using ANSYS. Natural frequency is determined for six different mode shapes and the critical load at which the propeller shaft starts buckling is compared for dissimilar materials. The stress distribution and unsafe areas are shown for the modification in existing design of the propeller shaft. It is found that the aluminum propeller shaft has higher natural frequency than the steel propeller shaft. Therefore, the resonance stage reaches later in aluminum propeller shaft and enhances its life.

An applicational process for dynamic balancing of turbomachinery shafting

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Verhoff, Vincent G.

1990-01-01

The NASA Lewis Research Center has developed and implemented a time-efficient methodology for dynamically balancing turbomachinery shafting. This methodology minimizes costly facility downtime by using a balancing arbor (mandrel) that simulates the turbomachinery (rig) shafting. The need for precision dynamic balancing of turbomachinery shafting and for a dynamic balancing methodology is discussed in detail. Additionally, the inherent problems (and their causes and effects) associated with unbalanced turbomachinery shafting as a function of increasing shaft rotational speeds are discussed. Included are the design criteria concerning rotor weight differentials for rotors made of different materials that have similar parameters and shafting. The balancing methodology for applications where rotor replaceability is a requirement is also covered. This report is intended for use as a reference when designing, fabricating, and troubleshooting turbomachinery shafting.

Regenerative braking device

DOEpatents

Hoppie, Lyle O.

1982-01-12

Disclosed are several embodiments of a regenerative braking device for an automotive vehicle. The device includes a plurality of rubber rollers (24, 26) mounted for rotation between an input shaft (14) connectable to the vehicle drivetrain and an output shaft (16) which is drivingly connected to the input shaft by a variable ratio transmission (20). When the transmission ratio is such that the input shaft rotates faster than the output shaft, the rubber rollers are torsionally stressed to accumulate energy, thereby slowing the vehicle. When the transmission ratio is such that the output shaft rotates faster than the input shaft, the rubber rollers are torsionally relaxed to deliver accumulated energy, thereby accelerating or driving the vehicle.

Micro rotary machine and methods for using same

DOEpatents

Stalford, Harold L [Norman, OK

2012-04-17

A micro rotary machine may include a micro actuator and a micro shaft coupled to the micro actuator. The micro shaft comprises a horizontal shaft and is operable to be rotated by the micro actuator. A micro tool is coupled to the micro shaft and is operable to perform work in response to motion of the micro shaft.

Micro rotary machine and methods for using same

DOEpatents

Stalford, Harold

2015-01-13

A micro rotary machine may include a micro actuator and a micro shaft coupled to the micro actuator. The micro shaft comprises a horizontal shaft and is operable to be rotated by the micro actuator. A micro tool is coupled to the micro shaft and is operable to perform work in response to motion of the micro shaft.

75 FR 70096 - Airworthiness Directives; General Electric Company (GE) CT7-9C and -9C3 Turboprop Engines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-17

... generator turbine (GGT) shafts for nonconforming land balance-cuts, and if found, removing the shaft from... detect nonconforming GGT shaft land balance-cuts, which could result in the shaft failing before its..., for nonconforming land balance- cuts, and if found, replacing the shaft. Comments We gave the public...

Gravimetric surveys for assessing rock mass condition around a mine shaft

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Madej, Janusz

2017-06-01

The fundamentals of use of vertical gravimetric surveying method in mine shafts are presented in the paper. The methods of gravimetric measurements and calculation of interval and complex density are discussed in detail. The density calculations are based on an original method accounting for the gravity influence of the mine shaft thus guaranteeing closeness of calculated and real values of density of rocks beyond the shaft lining. The results of many gravimetric surveys performed in shafts are presented and interpreted. As a result, information about the location of heterogeneous zones of work beyond the shaft lining is obtained. In many cases, these zones used to threaten the safe operation of machines and utilities in the shaft.

High Specific Stiffness Shafts and Advanced Bearing Coatings for Gas Turbine Engines Final Report CRADA No. TC-1089-95

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barbee, Troy; Chin, Herbert

At the time of the CRADA, the largest in-service gas-turbine aircraft engines strove for increased thrust and power density to meet the requirements for take-off thrust, given the increase in take-off gross weight (TOGW) associated with longer range transport requirements. The trend in modem turbo shaft engines was toward turbine shafts with higher and higher length-to-diameter ratios, which reduced the shaft critical speed. Using co nventional shaft materials, this lead to shafts that needed to operate near or above sensitive shaft bending critical speeds, therefore requiring multiple bearings and/ or multiple squeeze-film dampers to control the dynamic response. Using newmore » materials and d esign concepts this project demonstrated the use of new shaft materials which could provide increased shaft speed range above existing maximum engine speeds without encountering a critic al speed event and high vector deflections. This increased main shaft speed also resulted in decreased bearing life associated with lower heat dissipation and higher centrifugal forces. Thus, a limited effort was devoted to feasibility of higher performance bearing coatings to mitigate the speed effects.« less

46 CFR 176.670 - Tailshaft examinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... inspector may require any part or all of the propeller shafting to be drawn for examination of the shafting... propeller shafting whenever the condition of shafting is in question. [CGD 85-080, 61 FR 953, Jan. 10, 1996...

46 CFR 176.670 - Tailshaft examinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... inspector may require any part or all of the propeller shafting to be drawn for examination of the shafting... propeller shafting whenever the condition of shafting is in question. [CGD 85-080, 61 FR 953, Jan. 10, 1996...

46 CFR 176.670 - Tailshaft examinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... inspector may require any part or all of the propeller shafting to be drawn for examination of the shafting... propeller shafting whenever the condition of shafting is in question. [CGD 85-080, 61 FR 953, Jan. 10, 1996...

46 CFR 176.670 - Tailshaft examinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... inspector may require any part or all of the propeller shafting to be drawn for examination of the shafting... propeller shafting whenever the condition of shafting is in question. [CGD 85-080, 61 FR 953, Jan. 10, 1996...

46 CFR 176.670 - Tailshaft examinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... inspector may require any part or all of the propeller shafting to be drawn for examination of the shafting... propeller shafting whenever the condition of shafting is in question. [CGD 85-080, 61 FR 953, Jan. 10, 1996...

Noncontact Measurements Of Torques In Shafts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schwartzbart, Aaron

1991-01-01

Additional information extracted from eddy-current proximeter. Positioned over rotating shaft, measures both displacement of and torsion in shaft. Torque applied to shaft calculable from output of proximeter. Possible to extract torsion information from existing tape-recorded proximeter data.

Impact micro-positioning actuator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cuerden, Brian (Inventor); Angel, J. Roger P. (Inventor); Burge, James H. (Inventor); DeRigne, Scott T. (Inventor)

2006-01-01

An impact micro-positioning actuator. In one aspect of the invention, a threaded shaft is threadably received in a nut and the nut is impacted by an impacting device, causing the nut first to rotate relative to the shaft by slipping as a result of shaft inertia and subsequently to stick to the shaft as a result of the frictional force therebetween. The nut is returned to its initial position by a return force provided by a return mechanism after impact. The micro-positioning actuator is further improved by controlling at least one and preferably all of the following: the friction, the impact provided by the impacting device, the return force provided by the return mechanism, and the inertia of the shaft. In another aspect of the invention, a threaded shaft is threadably received in a nut and the shaft is impacted by an impacting device, causing the shaft to rotate relative to the nut.

Structural cooling fluid tube for supporting a turbine component and supplying cooling fluid

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Charron, Richard; Pierce, Daniel

2015-02-24

A shaft cover support for a gas turbine engine is disclosed. The shaft cover support not only provides enhanced support to a shaft cover of the gas turbine engine, but also includes a cooling fluid chamber for passing fluids from a rotor air cooling supply conduit to an inner ring cooling manifold. As such, the shaft cover support accomplishes in a single component what was only partially accomplished in two components in conventional configurations. The shaft cover support may also provide additional stiffness and reduce interference of the flow from the compressor. In addition, the shaft cover support accommodates amore » transition section extending between compressor and turbine sections of the engine. The shaft cover support has a radially extending region that is offset from the inlet and outlet that enables the shaft cover support to surround the transition, thereby reducing the overall length of this section of the engine.« less

Variable ratio regenerative braking device

DOEpatents

Hoppie, Lyle O.

1981-12-15

Disclosed is a regenerative braking device (10) for an automotive vehicle. The device includes an energy storage assembly (12) having a plurality of rubber rollers (26, 28) mounted for rotation between an input shaft (36) and an output shaft (42), clutches (38, 46) and brakes (40, 48) associated with each shaft, and a continuously variable transmission (22) connectable to a vehicle drivetrain and to the input and output shafts by the respective clutches. The rubber rollers are torsionally stressed to accumulate energy from the vehicle when the input shaft is clutched to the transmission while the brake on the output shaft is applied, and are torsionally relaxed to deliver energy to the vehicle when the output shaft is clutched to the transmission while the brake on the input shaft is applied. The transmission ratio is varied to control the rate of energy accumulation and delivery for a given rotational speed of the vehicle drivetrain.

Digital to synchro converter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Predina, Joseph P. (Inventor)

1989-01-01

A digital-to-synchro converter is provided where a binary input code specifies a desired shaft angle and where an resolver type position transducer is employed with additional circuitry to generate a shaft position error signal indicative of the angular difference between the desired shaft angle and the actual shaft angle. The additional circuitry corrects for known and calculated errors in the shaft position detection process and equipment.

Cheaper Synthesis Of Multipole-Brushless-dc-Motor Current

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alhorn, Dean C.; Howard, David E.

1994-01-01

Circuit converts output of single two-phase shaft-angle resolver to that of multi-speed three-phase shaft-angle resolver. Converter circuit applicable to generation of multispeed, multiphase shaft-angle-resolver signals from single two-phase shaft-angle resolver. Combination of converter circuit and single two-phase shaft-angle resolver offer advantages in cost, weight, size, and complexity. Design readily adaptable to two-phase motor.

75 FR 43099 - Airworthiness Directives; General Electric Company (GE) CT7-9C and -9C3 Turboprop Engines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-23

... GGT shaft for nonconforming land balance-cuts, and if found, removing the shaft from service. This... nonconforming GGT shaft land balance-cuts, which could result in the shaft failing before its published life... reports of 21 nonconforming land balance-cuts on GGT shafts, P/N 6068T44P02. The nonconforming land...

Laterally Translating Seal Carrier For A Drilling Mud Motor Sealed Bearing Assembly

DOEpatents

Dietle, Lannie

1993-03-23

A sealing and lubrication assembly for rotating shafts intended for operation in an abrasive environment and wherein the rotary shaft may have lateral translation or excursion during its rotation. A housing receives the rotary shaft in bearing supporting relation and defines a lubricant chamber about the shaft. A seal carrier is movably positioned about the rotary shaft and has non-rotatable articulating or laterally translating relation with the housing. A high pressure rotary shaft seal is supported by the seal carrier and maintains bearing and sealing engagement with the rotary shaft during its lateral translation or excursion. The seal carrier is hydraulic force balanced and thus is not subject to pressure induced loads that might otherwise interfere with its articulation or lateral translation.

SEAL FOR ROTATING SHAFT

DOEpatents

Coffman, R.T.

1957-12-10

A seal is described for a rotatable shaft that must highly effective when the shaft is not rotating but may be less effective while the shaft is rotating. Weights distributed about a sealing disk secured to the shaft press the sealing disk against a tubular section into which the shiilt extends, and whem the shaft rotates, the centrifugal forces on the weights relieve the pressurc of the sealing disk against the tubular section. This action has the very desirible result of minimizing the wear of the rotating disk due to contact with the tubular section, while affording maximum sealing action when it is needed.

Tachometer Derived From Brushless Shaft-Angle Resolver

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Howard, David E.; Smith, Dennis A.

1995-01-01

Tachometer circuit operates in conjunction with brushless shaft-angle resolver. By performing sequence of straightforward mathematical operations on resolver signals and utilizing simple trigonometric identity, generates voltage proportional to rate of rotation of shaft. One advantage is use of brushless shaft-angle resolver as main source of rate signal: no brushes to wear out, no brush noise, and brushless resolvers have proven robustness. No switching of signals to generate noise. Another advantage, shaft-angle resolver used as shaft-angle sensor, tachometer input obtained without adding another sensor. Present circuit reduces overall size, weight, and cost of tachometer.

Cooling system for rotating machine

DOEpatents

Gerstler, William Dwight [Niskayuna, NY; El-Refaie, Ayman Mohamed Fawzi [Niskayuna, NY; Lokhandwalla, Murtuza [Clifton Park, NY; Alexander, James Pellegrino [Ballston Lake, NY; Quirion, Owen Scott [Clifton Park, NY; Palafox, Pepe [Schenectady, NY; Shen, Xiaochun [Schenectady, NY; Salasoo, Lembit [Schenectady, NY

2011-08-09

An electrical machine comprising a rotor is presented. The electrical machine includes the rotor disposed on a rotatable shaft and defining a plurality of radial protrusions extending from the shaft up to a periphery of the rotor. The radial protrusions having cavities define a fluid path. A stationary shaft is disposed concentrically within the rotatable shaft wherein an annular space is formed between the stationary and rotatable shaft. A plurality of magnetic segments is disposed on the radial protrusions and the fluid path from within the stationary shaft into the annular space and extending through the cavities within the radial protrusions.

Magnetostrictive patch sensor system for battery-less real-time measurement of torsional vibrations of rotating shafts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Jun Kyu; Seung, Hong Min; Park, Chung Il; Lee, Joo Kyung; Lim, Do Hyeong; Kim, Yoon Young

2018-02-01

Real-time uninterrupted measurement for torsional vibrations of rotating shafts is crucial for permanent health monitoring. So far, strain gauge systems with telemetry units have been used for real-time monitoring. However, they have a critical disadvantage in that shaft operations must be stopped intermittently to replace telemetry unit batteries. To find an alternative method to carry out battery-less real-time measurement for torsional vibrations of rotating shafts, a magnetostrictive patch sensor system was proposed in the present study. Since the proposed sensor does not use any powered telemetry system, no battery is needed and thus there is no need to stop rotating shafts for battery replacement. The proposed sensor consists of magnetostrictive patches and small magnets tightly bonded onto a shaft. A solenoid coil is placed around the shaft to convert magnetostrictive patch deformation by shaft torsional vibration into electric voltage output. For sensor design and characterization, investigations were performed in a laboratory on relatively small-sized stationary solid shaft. A magnetostrictive patch sensor system was then designed and installed on a large rotating propulsion shaft of an LPG carrier ship in operation. Vibration signals were measured using the proposed sensor system and compared to those measured with a telemetry unit-equipped strain gauge system.

Vct system having closed loop control employing spool valve actuated by a stepper motor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Quin, S.B. Jr.; Siemon, E.C.

1993-06-15

An internal combustion engine is described comprising: a crankshaft, the crankshaft being rotable about an axis; a cam shaft, the cam shaft being rotatable about a second axis, the second axis being parallel to the axis, the cam shaft being subject to torque reversals during the rotation thereof; a vane, the vane having at least one lobe, the vane being attached to the cam shaft, being rotatable with the cam shaft and being non-oscillatable with respect to the cam shaft; a housing, the housing being rotatable with the cam shaft and being oscillatable with respect to the cam shaft, themore » housing having at least one recess, the recess receiving the lobe, the lobe being oscillatable within the recess; rotary movement transmitting means for transmitting rotary movement from the crankshaft to the housing; actuating means for varying the position of the housing relative to the cam shaft in reaction to torque reversals in the cam shaft, the actuating means comprising a stepper motor, a lead screw and a proportional spool valve, the position of the spool valve being controlled by the position of the lead screw driven by the stepper motor, the actuating means also delivering hydraulic fluid to the vane; and processing means for controlling the position of the actuating means.« less

Design criteria monograph on turbopump shafts and couplings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

Monograph reviews and assesses current design practices, and considers all aspects of turbopump system shaft dynamics peculiar to and necessary to shaft and coupling design. Associated components (bearings, housing, etc.) that influence shaft or coupling design are treated to extent necessary to define that influence.

Classical Measurement Methods and Laser Scanning Usage in Shaft Hoist Assembly Inventory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaśkowski, Wojciech; Lipecki, Tomasz; Matwij, Wojciech; Jabłoński, Mateusz

2018-03-01

The shaft hoist assembly is the base of underground mining plant. Its efficiency and correct operation is subject to restrictive legal regulations and is controlled on a daily visual assessment by shaft crew and energomechanics. In addition, in the regular interval, the shaft hoist assembly is subject to a thorough inventory, which includes the determination of the geometrical relationships between the hoisting machine, the headframe and the shaft with its housing. Inventory measurements for shaft and headframe are used for years of conventional geodetic methods including mechanical or laser plumbing and tachymetric surveys. Additional precision levelling is also used for measuring shafts of hoisting machines and rope pulleys. Continuous modernization of measuring technology makes it possible to implement the further methods to the above mentioned purposes. The comparison of the accuracy and the economics of performing measurements based on many years of experience with comprehensive inventory of shaft hoist assembly using various research techniques was made and detailed in the article.

Experimental and numerical study of the effect of rolling parameters on shaft deformation during the longitudinal rolling process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kowalik, Marek; Trzepiecinski, Tomasz

2018-05-01

This paper presents the characteristics of the process of longitudinal rolling of shafts and the geometry of the working section of forming rollers with a secant profile. In addition, the analytical formulae defining the geometry of a roller profile were determined. The experiments were carried out on shafts made of S235JR and C45 structural steels and the MSC.Marc + Mentat program was used for the numerical analysis of the rolling process based on the finite element method. The paper analyses the effect of roller geometry on the changes in value of the widening coefficient and the diameter reduction coefficient for the first forming passage. It was found that the mechanical properties of the shaft material have a slight influence on the widening coefficient. The value of the widening coefficient of the shaft increases with increase in the initial diameter of the shaft. Increasing shaft diameter causes an increase of strain gradient on the cross-section of the shaft.

Variable path length spectrophotometric probe

DOEpatents

O'Rourke, Patrick E.; McCarty, Jerry E.; Haggard, Ricky A.

1992-01-01

A compact, variable pathlength, fiber optic probe for spectrophotometric measurements of fluids in situ. The probe comprises a probe body with a shaft having a polished end penetrating one side of the probe, a pair of optic fibers, parallel and coterminous, entering the probe opposite the reflecting shaft, and a collimating lens to direct light from one of the fibers to the reflecting surface of the shaft and to direct the reflected light to the second optic fiber. The probe body has an inlet and an outlet port to allow the liquid to enter the probe body and pass between the lens and the reflecting surface of the shaft. A linear stepper motor is connected to the shaft to cause the shaft to advance toward or away from the lens in increments so that absorption measurements can be made at each of the incremental steps. The shaft is sealed to the probe body by a bellows seal to allow freedom of movement of the shaft and yet avoid leakage from the interior of the probe.

Coupling with concentric contact around motor shaft for line start synchronous motor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Melfi, Michael J.; Burdeshaw, Galen E.

A method comprises providing a line-start synchronous motor. The motor has a stator, a rotor core disposed within the stator, and a motor shaft. In accordance with a step of the method, a coupling for coupling a load to the motor is provided. The coupling has a motor shaft attachment portion configured to provide substantially concentric contact around the shaft at the end of the motor shaft. The coupling has a load attachment portion configured to operatively connect to a load. In accordance with a step of the method, a load is coupled to the motor with the coupling, andmore » driven from start to at least near synchronous speed during steady state operation of the motor with a load coupled thereto. The motor shaft attachment portion may comprise a bushing assembly with matching and opposed tapered surfaces that cooperate to secure the motor shaft attachment portion around the motor shaft.« less

Apparatus for high speed rotation of electrically operated devices

DOEpatents

Williams, Keith E.; Rogus, Arnold J.

1976-10-26

Most high speed centrifuges employ a relatively small diameter elongate flexible drive shaft, sometimes called a "quill" shaft. These relatively slender shafts are flexible to absorb vibration as the assembly passes through speeds of resonance and to permit re-alignment of the axis of rotation of the shaft and the rotor driven thereby in the event the center of mass of the rotor and shaft assembly is displaced from the nominal axis of the rotation. To use such an apparatus for testing electrical devices and components, electrical conductors for wires are passed from a slip ring assembly located at an end of the quill shaft remote from the rotor and longitudinally alongside the quill shaft to the electrical device mounted on the rotor. The longitudinally extending conductors are supported against the radially outward directed centrifugal forces by a plurality of strong, self-lubricating, slightly compressible wafers or washers co-axially stacked on the slender shaft and provided with radially offset longitudinally aligned openings to support the longitudinally extending conductors. The conductors are supported against the centrifugal forces and thus protected from rupture or other damage without restricting or constraining the essential flexure or bending of the drive shaft.

FORTRAN 4 computer program for calculating critical speeds of rotating shafts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Trivisonno, R. J.

1973-01-01

A FORTRAN 4 computer program, written for the IBM DCS 7094/7044 computer, that calculates the critical speeds of rotating shafts is described. The shaft may include bearings, couplings, extra masses (nonshaft mass), and disks for the gyroscopic effect. Shear deflection is also taken into account, and provision is made in the program for sections of the shaft that are tapered. The boundary conditions at the ends of the shaft can be fixed (deflection and slope equal to zero) or free (shear and moment equal to zero). The fixed end condition enables the program to calculate the natural frequencies of cantilever beams. Instead of using the lumped-parameter method, the program uses continuous integration of the differential equations of beam flexure across different shaft sections. The advantages of this method over the usual lumped-parameter method are less data preparation and better approximation of the distribution of the mass of the shaft. A main feature of the program is the nature of the output. The Calcomp plotter is used to produce a drawing of the shaft with superimposed deflection curves at the critical speeds, together with all pertinent information related to the shaft.

Dynamic Analysis of Heavy Vehicle Medium Duty Drive Shaft Using Conventional and Composite Material

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Ashwani; Jain, Rajat; Patil, Pravin P.

2016-09-01

The main highlight of this study is structural and modal analysis of single piece drive shaft for selection of material. Drive shaft is used for torque carrying from vehicle transmission to rear wheel differential system. Heavy vehicle medium duty transmission drive shaft was selected as research object. Conventional materials (Steel SM45 C, Stainless Steel) and composite materials (HS carbon epoxy, E Glass Polyester Resin Composite) were selected for the analysis. Single piece composite material drive shaft has advantage over conventional two-piece steel drive shaft. It has higher specific strength, longer life, less weight, high critical speed and higher torque carrying capacity. The main criteria for drive shaft failure are strength and weight. Maximum modal frequency obtained is 919 Hz. Various harmful vibration modes (lateral vibration and torsional vibration) were identified and maximum deflection region was specified. For single-piece drive shaft the natural bending frequency should be higher because it is subjected to torsion and shear stress. Single piece drive shaft was modelled using Solid Edge and Pro-E. Finite Element Analysis was used for structural and modal analysis with actual running boundary condition like frictional support, torque and moment. FEA simulation results were validated with experimental literature results.

Anti-Rotation Device Releasable by Insertion of a Tool

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Warden, Harry K.; Jenkins, Terro J.

2011-01-01

A drive mechanism enables a socket-type wrench to rotate a shaft and prevents accidental rotation of the shaft when the wrench is not coupled to the shaft. In the original intended application, the shaft would be part of an attachment mechanism on a spacecraft, and the purpose to be served by the drive is to prevent back-driving of the shaft by launch vibrations while enabling an astronaut equipped with the appropriate wrench to actuate the shaft while in orbit. The design could also be adapted to terrestrial applications in which it is necessary to prevent rotational back-driving. The mechanism includes a gear near the tip of the shaft, and a drive nut that constitutes the tip of the shaft. The gear and drive nut are positioned in a recess in a housing. The recess is sized to receive the wrench socket that mates with the drive nut. Also contained in the housing are four linkages that include pins that are spring-loaded into engagement with the gear to prevent rotation of the shaft. When the wrench socket is inserted in the recess, it pushes on the linkages in such a manner as to disengage the pins from the gear.

Health monitoring system for transmission shafts based on adaptive parameter identification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Souflas, I.; Pezouvanis, A.; Ebrahimi, K. M.

2018-05-01

A health monitoring system for a transmission shaft is proposed. The solution is based on the real-time identification of the physical characteristics of the transmission shaft i.e. stiffness and damping coefficients, by using a physical oriented model and linear recursive identification. The efficacy of the suggested condition monitoring system is demonstrated on a prototype transient engine testing facility equipped with a transmission shaft capable of varying its physical properties. Simulation studies reveal that coupling shaft faults can be detected and isolated using the proposed condition monitoring system. Besides, the performance of various recursive identification algorithms is addressed. The results of this work recommend that the health status of engine dynamometer shafts can be monitored using a simple lumped-parameter shaft model and a linear recursive identification algorithm which makes the concept practically viable.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Warren, Oden Lee; Asif, Syed Amanulla Syed; Oh, Yunje

A testing instrument for mechanical testing at nano or micron scale includes a transducer body, and a coupling shaft coupled with a probe tip. A transducer body houses a capacitor. The capacitor includes first and second counter electrodes and a center electrode assembly interposed therebetween. The center electrode assembly is movable with the coupling shaft relative to the first and second counter electrodes, for instance in one or more of dimensions including laterally and normally. The center electrode assembly includes a center plate coupled with the coupling shaft and one or more springs extending from the center plate. Upper andmore » lower plates are coupled with the center plate and cover the center plate and the one or more springs. A shaft support assembly includes one or more support elements coupled along the coupling shaft. The shaft support assembly provides lateral support to the coupling shaft.« less

30 CFR 56.19100 - Shaft landing gates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Shaft landing gates. 56.19100 Section 56.19100 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... § 56.19100 Shaft landing gates. Shaft landings shall be equipped with substantial safety gates so...

30 CFR 56.19100 - Shaft landing gates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Shaft landing gates. 56.19100 Section 56.19100 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... § 56.19100 Shaft landing gates. Shaft landings shall be equipped with substantial safety gates so...

30 CFR 57.19108 - Posting warning signs during shaft work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Posting warning signs during shaft work. 57.19108 Section 57.19108 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR... MINES Personnel Hoisting Shafts § 57.19108 Posting warning signs during shaft work. When persons are...

30 CFR 57.19108 - Posting warning signs during shaft work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Posting warning signs during shaft work. 57.19108 Section 57.19108 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR... MINES Personnel Hoisting Shafts § 57.19108 Posting warning signs during shaft work. When persons are...

Connect-disconnect coupling for preadjusted rigid shafts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bajkowski, F. W.; Holmberg, A.

1969-01-01

Coupling device enables a rigid shaft to be connected to or disconnected from a fixed base without disturbing the point of adjustment of the shaft in a socket or causing the shaft to rotate. The coupling consists of an externally threaded, internally slotted boss extending from the fixed base.

Factors that affect the fatigue strength of power transmission shafting

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Loewenthal, S. H.

1984-01-01

A long standing objective in the design of power transmission shafting is to eliminate excess shaft material without compromising operational reliability. A shaft design method is presented which accounts for variable amplitude loading histories and their influence on limited life designs. The effects of combined bending and torsional loading are considered along with a number of application factors known to influence the fatigue strength of shafting materials. Among the factors examined are surface condition, size, stress concentration, residual stress and corrosion fatigue.

Kinematics Simulation of the Cardan Shaft for Investigation of the Cardan Error in Catia V5

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hajdu, Štefan; Rolník, Ladislav; Švoš, Juraj

2016-12-01

The goal of this paper is the creation of kinematic systems of the cardan shaft in the CAD/CAM/CAE system CATIA V5 and analysis of three cases of assembly to determine upon which, angular accelerations had been observed between the input driving shaft, central cardan shaft and output driven shaft. The scientific result of this paper was to confirm the presence of cardan error and how this type of error can be successfully eliminated.

Apparatus for a compact adjustable passive compliant mechanism

DOEpatents

Salisbury, Curt Michael

2015-03-17

Various technologies described herein pertain to an adjustable compliance apparatus. The adjustable compliance apparatus includes a shaft, a sleeve element, and a torsion spring. The sleeve element includes a bore there through, where the shaft is positioned through the bore of the sleeve element. Further, the torsion spring includes a plurality of coils, where the shaft is positioned through the plurality of coils. Moreover, the sleeve element is slidable in an axial direction along the shaft between the torsion spring and the shaft. Accordingly, compliance of the adjustable compliance apparatus is adjustable based on a number of the plurality of coils in contact with the sleeve element as positioned along the shaft within the torsion spring.

A Study on the Application of New Shaft System for VLCC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ko, Dae-Eun; Shin, Sang-Hoon

2017-11-01

Some of the most frequent damages in the ship-mounted machinery occur in the propeller shaft system, and the most frequent damage is due to the exothermic accident occurs in the after stern tube bearing (STB). Recently, engine power and shaft diameter of very large crude-oil carriers (VLCCs) tend to increase whereas the distance between forward and after STB becomes shorter. In this study, the applicability of new shaft system for VLCCs adopting single STB system was investigated. The study results show that single STB system is quite possible by applying proper shaft arrangement and partial slope at the white metal. Also, a considerable economic effect is expected by simplifying related shaft system.

New methodology for shaft design based on life expectancy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Loewenthal, S. H.

1986-01-01

The design of power transmission shafting for reliability has not historically received a great deal of attention. However, weight sensitive aerospace and vehicle applications and those where the penalties of shaft failure are great, require greater confidence in shaft design than earlier methods provided. This report summarizes a fatigue strength-based, design method for sizing shafts under variable amplitude loading histories for limited or nonlimited service life. Moreover, applications factors such as press-fitted collars, shaft size, residual stresses from shot peening or plating, corrosive environments can be readily accommodated into the framework of the analysis. Examples are given which illustrate the use of the method, pointing out the large life penalties due to occasional cyclic overloads.

Disc rotors with permanent magnets for brushless DC motor

DOEpatents

Hawsey, Robert A.; Bailey, J. Milton

1992-01-01

A brushless dc permanent magnet motor drives an autonomous underwater vehe. In one embodiment, the motor comprises four substantially flat stators in stacked relationship, with pairs of the stators axially spaced, each of the stators comprising a tape-wound stator coil, and first and second substantially flat rotors disposed between the spaced pairs of stators. Each of the rotors includes an annular array of permanent magnets embedded therein. A first shaft is connected to the first rotor and a second, concentric shaft is connected to the second rotor, and a drive unit causes rotation of the two shafts in opposite directions. The second shaft comprises a hollow tube having a central bore in which the first shaft is disposed. Two different sets of bearings support the first and second shafts. In another embodiment, the motor comprises two ironless stators and pairs of rotors mounted on opposite sides of the stators and driven by counterrotating shafts.

Hybrid powertrain system

DOEpatents

Grillo, Ricardo C.; O'Neil, Walter K.; Preston, David M.

2005-09-20

A hybrid powertrain system is provided that includes a first prime mover having a rotational output, a second prime mover having a rotational output, and a transmission having a main shaft supporting at least two main shaft gears thereon. The transmission includes a first independent countershaft drivingly connected to the first prime mover and including at least one ratio gear supported thereon that meshes with a respective main shaft gear. A second independent countershaft is drivingly connected to the second prime mover and includes at least one ratio gear supported thereon that meshes with a respective main shaft gear. The ratio gears on the first and second countershafts cooperate with the main shaft gears to provide at least one gear ratio between the first and second countershafts and the main shaft. A shift control mechanism selectively engages and disengages the first and second countershafts for rotation with the main shaft.

Friction drive position transducer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Waclawik, Ronald E.; Cayer, James L.; Lapointe, Kenneth M.

1991-10-01

A spring force loaded contact wheel mounted in a stationary position relative to a reciprocating shaft is disclosed. The apparatus of the present invention includes a tensioning assembly for maintaining absolute contact between the contact wheel and the reciprocating shaft wherein the tensioning assembly urges the contact wheel against the shaft to maintain contact therebetween so that the wheel turns as the shaft is linearly displaced. A rotary encoding device is coupled to the wheel for translating the angular and rotational movement thereof into an electronic signal for providing linear displacement information and derivative data with respect to displacement of the shaft. Absolute friction contact and cooperative interaction between the shaft and the contact wheel is further enhanced in the preferred embodiment by advantageously selecting the types of surface finish and the amount of surface area of the contact wheel relative to the surface condition of the shaft as well as by reducing the moment of inertia of the contact wheel.

Friction drive position transducer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Waclawik, Ronald E.; Cayer, James L.; Lapointe, Kenneth M.

1993-06-01

A spring force loaded contact wheel mounted in a stationary position relative to a reciprocating shaft is disclosed. The apparatus of the present invention includes a tensioning assembly for maintaining absolute contact between the contact wheel and the reciprocating shaft wherein the tensioning assembly urges the contact wheel against the shaft to maintain contact there between so that the wheel turn as the shaft is linearly displaced. A rotary encoding device is coupled to the wheel for translating the angular and rotational movement thereof into an electronic signal for providing linear displacement information and derivative data with respect to displacement of the shaft. Absolute friction contact and cooperative interaction between the shaft and the contact wheel is further enhanced in the preferred embodiment by advantageously selecting the type of surface finish and the amount of surface area of the contact wheel relative to the surface condition of the shaft as well as by reducing the moment of inertia of the contact wheel.

77 FR 39624 - Airworthiness Directives; Pratt & Whitney Canada Turboprop Engines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-05

... serial numbers (S/Ns) of propeller shafts for cracks and removal from service if found cracked. This AD was prompted by reports of two propeller shafts found cracked at time of inspection during maintenance. We are issuing this AD to detect propeller shaft cracks, which could cause failure of the shaft...

10 CFR 60.134 - Design of seals for shafts and boreholes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Design of seals for shafts and boreholes. 60.134 Section....134 Design of seals for shafts and boreholes. (a) General design criterion. Seals for shafts and... closure. (b) Selection of materials and placement methods. Materials and placement methods for seals shall...

14 CFR 33.43 - Vibration test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... vibration stresses of the crankshaft and the propeller shaft or other output shaft may not exceed the endurance limit stress of the material from which the shaft is made. If the maximum stress in the shaft... must be measured. The peak amplitude must be shown to produce a stress below the endurance limit; if...

30 CFR 56.19108 - Posting warning signs during shaft work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Posting warning signs during shaft work. 56.19108 Section 56.19108 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR... Personnel Hoisting Shafts § 56.19108 Posting warning signs during shaft work. When persons are working in a...

30 CFR 56.19108 - Posting warning signs during shaft work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Posting warning signs during shaft work. 56.19108 Section 56.19108 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR... Personnel Hoisting Shafts § 56.19108 Posting warning signs during shaft work. When persons are working in a...

30 CFR 56.19108 - Posting warning signs during shaft work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Posting warning signs during shaft work. 56.19108 Section 56.19108 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR... Personnel Hoisting Shafts § 56.19108 Posting warning signs during shaft work. When persons are working in a...

30 CFR 56.19108 - Posting warning signs during shaft work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Posting warning signs during shaft work. 56.19108 Section 56.19108 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR... Personnel Hoisting Shafts § 56.19108 Posting warning signs during shaft work. When persons are working in a...

30 CFR 77.1900 - Slopes and shafts; approval of plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS, SURFACE COAL MINES AND SURFACE WORK AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Slope and Shaft Sinking § 77.1900 Slopes and shafts; approval of plans. (a) Each operator of... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Slopes and shafts; approval of plans. 77.1900...

14 CFR 33.43 - Vibration test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... vibration stresses of the crankshaft and the propeller shaft or other output shaft may not exceed the endurance limit stress of the material from which the shaft is made. If the maximum stress in the shaft... must be measured. The peak amplitude must be shown to produce a stress below the endurance limit; if...

Preload Torque Limiting Shaft Coupling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harmening, W. A. (Inventor)

1975-01-01

A torque limiting spring for a rotating shaft system which acts bidirectionally and is preloaded is examined. The spring is a split circular ring compressed into cavities on facing surfaces of matching shafts. The spring is preloaded by varying the width of a tang in the shaft cavity relative to the split in the spring.

Study of the turbocharger shaft motion by means of infrared sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Serrano, J. R.; Guardiola, C.; Dolz, V.; López, M. A.; Bouffaud, F.

2015-05-01

This work describes a technique for measuring the precession movement of the shaft of small automotive turbochargers. The main novelty is that the technique is based on infrared light diode sensors. With presented technique it is possible to perform secure mounting of electronics and also to measure, with good accuracy, far enough from the turbocharger shaft. Both advantages allow applying it even in critical lubrication conditions and when blade contact occurs. The technique's main difficulties arise from the small size of the turbocharger shaft and the high precession movement in critical conditions. In order to generate the optimum albedo reflection for infrared measurement, a special cylindrical nut with larger diameter than the original one is assembled at the shaft tip in the compressor side. Following, shaft balancing, the calibration of the sensors and the compensation of errors from different sources are needed steps before the method is able to identify the main frequencies of shaft motion. Once synchronous and sub-synchronous frequencies have been obtained it is possible to reconstruct the instantaneous position of the shaft to determine its precession movement.

New Technical Solution for Vertical Shaft Equipping Using Steel Headframe of Multifunction Purpose

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kassikhina, Elena; Pershin, Vladimir; Glazkov, Yurij

2017-11-01

The article reviews a novel approach to the design of steel angle headframe for vertical shafts of coal and ore mines on the basis of rational design solutions. Practice of construction of coal and ore mines provides application of various designs for steel angle headframes which are divided into separate large assembly blocks and constructive elements during assembling operations. Design of these blocks and elements, their weight and dimensions effect the chose of the method of assembling on which economic and technological indicators, as well as duration of down-time, depend on during performance of construction operations in shaft. The technical solution on equipment provision for mine vertical shaft using headframe of multifunctional purpose will allow changing the management construction of vertical shaft. The constructive design of the headgear allows application of the effective method of assembly and thus to provide improvement of the technical and economic indexes, and high calendar time rate of the shaft construction due to reduction of duration of works on equipment provision for the shaft and to refurbishment of the shaft in order to carry out horizontal mining.

Hydrogeological conceptual model determined from baseline and construction phase groundwater pressure and surface tilt-meter data at the Mizunami underground research laboratory, Japan

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Takeuchi, Shinji; Takeuchi, Ryuji; Salden, Walter

2007-07-01

A hydrogeological conceptual model has been developed based on pressure responses observed at multilevel pressure monitoring zones in seven boreholes and surface tilt data in and around the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory site. Pressure changes caused by some earthquakes, cross-hole hydraulic testing, and shaft excavation activities are considered. Surface tilt has been measured from the half way of the shaft excavation phase. The shaft excavation has been commenced from July 2003 with two shafts (Main shaft and Ventilation shaft). By the end of October 2005, discharging of water in the shafts has been halted at the depths of 172 mmore » and 191 m respectively to allow modifications to be made to the water treatment facility due to an excess of F and B concentration in the water. This results in the recovery of the groundwater levels and filling of the underground workings. Beginning in February 2006 pumping has been resumed and the underground workings have been re-occupied. Continuous groundwater pressure and surface tilt measurements with some numerical analysis during the shaft excavation phase show the existence of the flow barrier fault predicted from the surface-based investigation phase and hydraulic parameter around the shafts. (authors)« less

Spatial range of illusory effects in Müller-Lyer figures.

PubMed

Predebon, J

2001-11-01

The spatial range of the illusory effects in Müller-Lyer (M-L) figures was examined in three experiments. Experiments 1 and 2 assessed the pattern of bisection errors along the shaft of the standard or double-angle (experiment 1) and the single-angle (experiment 2) M-L figures: Subjects bisected the shaft and the resulting two half-segments of the shaft to produce apparently equal quarters, and then each of the quarters to produce eight equal-appearing segments. The bisection judgments of each segment were referenced to the segment's physical midpoints. The expansion or wings-out and the contraction or wings-in figures yielded similar patterns of bisection errors. For the standard M-L figures, there were significant errors in bisecting each half, and each end-quarter, but not the two central quarters of the shaft. For the single-angle M-L figures, there were significant errors in bisecting the length of the shaft, the half-segment, and the quarter, of the shaft adjacent to the vertex but not the second quarter from the vertex nor in dividing the half of the shaft at the open end of the figure into four equal intervals. Experiment 3 assessed the apparent length of the half-segment of the shaft at the open end of the single-angle figures. Length judgments were unaffected by the vertex at the opposite end of the shaft. Taken together, the results indicate that the length distortions in both the standard and single-angle M-L figures are not uniformly distributed along the shaft but rather are confined mainly to the quarters adjacent to the vertices. The present findings imply that theories of the M-L illusion which assume uniform expansion or contraction of the shafts are incomplete.

30 CFR 57.12083 - Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes... NONMETAL MINES Electricity Underground Only § 57.12083 Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes. Power cables in shafts and boreholes shall be fastened securely in such a manner as to prevent undue...

30 CFR 57.12083 - Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes... NONMETAL MINES Electricity Underground Only § 57.12083 Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes. Power cables in shafts and boreholes shall be fastened securely in such a manner as to prevent undue...

30 CFR 57.12083 - Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes... NONMETAL MINES Electricity Underground Only § 57.12083 Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes. Power cables in shafts and boreholes shall be fastened securely in such a manner as to prevent undue...

30 CFR 57.12083 - Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes... NONMETAL MINES Electricity Underground Only § 57.12083 Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes. Power cables in shafts and boreholes shall be fastened securely in such a manner as to prevent undue...

30 CFR 57.12083 - Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes... NONMETAL MINES Electricity Underground Only § 57.12083 Support of power cables in shafts and boreholes. Power cables in shafts and boreholes shall be fastened securely in such a manner as to prevent undue...

Variable-aperture screen

DOEpatents

Savage, George M.

1991-01-01

Apparatus for separating material into first and second portions according to size including a plurality of shafts, a plurality of spaced disks radiating outwardly from each of the shafts to define apertures and linkage interconnecting the shafts for moving the shafts toward or away from one another to vary the size of the apertures while the apparatus is performing the separating function.

Methods and systems for micro transmissions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stalford, Harold L

2014-12-23

Methods and systems for micro transmissions for a micro machine may comprise an input shaft assembly coupled to a micro actuator, an output shaft assembly coupled to a micro shaft, and one or more power conversion elements operable to convert a first type of movement from the micro actuator into a second, disparate type of movement for the micro shaft.

System and method for cooling a super-conducting device

DOEpatents

Bray, James William [Niskayuna, NY; Steinbach, Albert Eugene [Schenectady, NY; Dawson, Richard Nils [Voorheesville, NY; Laskaris, Evangelos Trifon [Schenectady, NY; Huang, Xianrul [Clifton Park, NY

2008-01-08

A system and method for cooling a superconductive rotor coil. The system comprises a rotatable shaft coupled to the superconductive rotor coil. The rotatable shaft may comprise an axial passageway extending through the rotatable shaft and a first passageway extending through a wall of the rotatable shaft to the axial passageway. The axial passageway and the first passageway are operable to convey a cryogenic fluid to the superconductive rotor coil through the wall of the rotatable shaft. A cryogenic transfer coupling may be provided to supply cryogenic fluid to the first passageway.

Hybrid powertrain system

DOEpatents

Hughes, Douglas A.

2006-08-01

A powertrain system is provided that includes a first prime mover and change-gear transmission having a first input shaft and a second input shaft. A twin clutch is disposed between the first prime mover and the transmission. The twin clutch includes a first main clutch positioned between the first prime mover and the first input shaft and a second main clutch positioned between the first prime mover and the second input shaft. The powertrain system also includes a second prime mover operably connected to one of the first and second input shafts.

Hybrid powertrain system

DOEpatents

Hughes, Douglas A.

2007-09-25

A powertrain system is provided that includes a first prime mover and change-gear transmission having a first input shaft and a second input shaft. A twin clutch is disposed between the first prime mover and the transmission. The twin clutch includes a first main clutch positioned between the first prime mover and the first input shaft and a second main clutch positioned between the first prime mover and the second input shaft. The powertrain system also includes a second prime mover operably connected to one of the first and second input shafts.

Forging Long Shafts On Disks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tilghman, Chris; Askey, William; Hopkins, Steven

1989-01-01

Isothermal-forging apparatus produces long shafts integral with disks. Equipment based on modification of conventional isothermal-forging equipment, required stroke cut by more than half. Enables forging of shafts as long as 48 in. (122 cm) on typical modified conventional forging press, otherwise limited to making shafts no longer than 18 in. (46cm). Removable punch, in which forged material cools after plastic deformation, essential novel feature of forging apparatus. Technology used to improve such products as components of gas turbines and turbopumps and of other shaft/disk parts for powerplants, drive trains, or static structures.

Factors that affect the fatigue strength of power transmission shafting and their impact on design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leowenthal, S. H.

1986-01-01

A long standing objective in the design of power transmission shafting is to eliminate excess shaft material without compromising operational reliability. A shaft design method is presented which accounts for variable amplitude loading histories and their influence on limited life designs. The effects of combined bending and torsional loading are considered along with a number of application factors known to influence the fatigue strength of shafting materials. Among the factors examined are surface condition, size, stress concentration, residual stress and corrosion fatigue.

14. INTERIOR VIEW OF HILLMAN FAN HOUSE LOOKING SOUTHEAST This ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. INTERIOR VIEW OF HILLMAN FAN HOUSE LOOKING SOUTHEAST This view of the north airway shows the shaft support, bracing, and shaft coupling of the 1883 Guibal fan. The shaft was direct connected to the steam engine. Behind the circular brickwork are the cast iron spiders to which the supports for the wooden paddles are attached. One of the ten feet by eleven feet paddles is visible above the shaft in the center of the photo. Remnants of the catwalk, under the shaft, lead to the inner door of the catwalk. The catwalk was used by the men who oiled the shaft bearings. - Dorrance Colliery Fan Complex, South side of Susquehanna River at Route 115 & Riechard Street, Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne County, PA

Dynamic stability analysis of torsional vibrations of a shaft system connected by a Hooke's joint through a continuous system model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bulut, Gökhan

2014-08-01

Stability of parametrically excited torsional vibrations of a shaft system composed of two torsionally elastic shafts interconnected through a Hooke's joint is studied. The shafts are considered to be continuous (distributed-parameter) systems and an approximate discrete model for the torsional vibrations of the shaft system is derived via a finite element scheme. The stability of the solutions of the linearized equations of motion, consisting of a set of Mathieu-Hill type equations, is examined by means of a monodromy matrix method and the results are presented in the form of a Strutt-Ince diagram visualizing the effects of the system parameters on the stability of the shaft system.

Drill drive mechanism

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dressel, M.O.

1979-10-30

A drill drive mechanism is especially adapted to provide both rotational drive and axial feed for a drill of substantial diameter such as may be used for drilling holes for roof bolts in mine shafts. The drill shaft is made with a helical pattern of scroll-like projections on its surface for removal of cuttings. The drill drive mechanism includes a plurality of sprockets carrying two chains of drive links which are arranged to interlock around the drill shaft with each drive link having depressions which mate with the scroll-like projections. As the chain links move upwardly or downwardly the surfacesmore » of the depressions in the links mate with the scroll projections to move the shaft axially. Tangs on the drive links mate with notch surfaces between scroll projections to provide a means for rotating the shaft. Projections on the drive links mate together at the center to hold the drive links tightly around the drill shaft. The entire chain drive mechanism is rotated around the drill shaft axis by means of a hydraulic motor and gear drive to cause rotation of the drill shaft. This gear drive also connects with a differential gearset which is interconnected with a second gear. A second motor is connected to the spider shaft of the different gearset to produce differential movement (speeds) at the output gears of the differential gearset. This differential in speed is utilized to drive said second gear at a speed different from the speed of said gear drive, this speed differential being utilized to drive said sprockets for axial movement of said drill shaft. 11 claims.« less

Drill drive mechanism

DOEpatents

Dressel, Michael O.

1979-01-01

A drill drive mechanism is especially adapted to provide both rotational drive and axial feed for a drill of substantial diameter such as may be used for drilling holes for roof bolts in mine shafts. The drill shaft is made with a helical pattern of scroll-like projections on its surface for removal of cuttings. The drill drive mechanism includes a plurality of sprockets carrying two chains of drive links which are arranged to interlock around the drill shaft with each drive link having depressions which mate with the scroll-like projections. As the chain links move upwardly or downwardly the surfaces of the depressions in the links mate with the scroll projections to move the shaft axially. Tangs on the drive links mate with notch surfaces between scroll projections to provide a means for rotating the shaft. Projections on the drive links mate together at the center to hold the drive links tightly around the drill shaft. The entire chain drive mechanism is rotated around the drill shaft axis by means of a hydraulic motor and gear drive to cause rotation of the drill shaft. This gear drive also connects with a differential gearset which is interconnected with a second gear. A second motor is connected to the spider shaft of the differential gearset to produce differential movement (speeds) at the output gears of the differential gearset. This differential in speed is utilized to drive said second gear at a speed different from the speed of said gear drive, this speed differential being utilized to drive said sprockets for axial movement of said drill shaft.

Method of fabricating a micro machine

DOEpatents

Stalford, Harold L

2014-11-11

A micro machine may be in or less than the micrometer domain. The micro machine may include a micro actuator and a micro shaft coupled to the micro actuator. The micro shaft is operable to be driven by the micro actuator. A tool is coupled to the micro shaft and is operable to perform work in response to at least motion of the micro shaft.

Methods and systems for micro machines

DOEpatents

Stalford, Harold L.

2018-03-06

A micro machine may be in or less than the micrometer domain. The micro machine may include a micro actuator and a micro shaft coupled to the micro actuator. The micro shaft is operable to be driven by the micro actuator. A tool is coupled to the micro shaft and is operable to perform work in response to at least motion of the micro shaft.

Variable-aperture screen

DOEpatents

Savage, G.M.

1991-10-29

Apparatus is described for separating material into first and second portions according to size including a plurality of shafts, a plurality of spaced disks radiating outwardly from each of the shafts to define apertures and linkage interconnecting the shafts for moving the shafts toward or away from one another to vary the size of the apertures while the apparatus is performing the separating function. 10 figures.

Methods and systems for micro machines

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stalford, Harold L.

2017-04-11

A micro machine may be in or less than the micrometer domain. The micro machine may include a micro actuator and a micro shaft coupled to the micro actuator. The micro shaft is operable to be driven by the micro actuator. A tool is coupled to the micro shaft and is operable to perform work in response to at least motion of the micro shaft.

Methods and systems for micro machines

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stalford, Harold L.

A micro machine may be in or less than the micrometer domain. The micro machine may include a micro actuator and a micro shaft coupled to the micro actuator. The micro shaft is operable to be driven by the micro actuator. A tool is coupled to the micro shaft and is operable to perform work in response to at least motion of the micro shaft.

Parametric instability of shaft with discs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wahab, A. M. Abdul; Rasid, Z. A.; Abu, A.; Rudin, N. F. Mohd Noor

2017-12-01

The occurrence of resonance is a major criterion to be considered in the design of shaft. While force resonance occurs merely when the natural frequency of the rotor system equals speed of the shaft, parametric resonance or parametric instability can occur at excitation speed that is integral or sub-multiple of the frequency of the rotor. This makes the study on parametric resonance crucial. Parametric instability of a shaft system consisting of a shaft and disks has been investigated in this study. The finite element formulation of the Mathieu-Hill equation that represents the parametric instability problem of the shaft is developed based on Timoshenko’s beam theory and Nelson’s finite element method (FEM) model that considers the effect of torsional motion on such problem. The Bolotin’s method is used to determine the regions of instability and the Strut-Ince diagram. The validation works show that the results of this study are in close agreement to past results. It is found that a larger radius of disk will cause the shaft to become more unstable compared to smaller radius although both weights are similar. Furthermore, the effect of torsional motion on the parametric instability of the shaft is significant at higher rotating speed.

Factors defining value and direction of thermal pressure between the mine shafts and impact of the general mine natural draught on ventilation process of underground mining companies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nikolaev, A. V.; Alymenko, N. I.; Kamenskikh, A. A.; Alymenko, D. N.; Nikolaev, V. A.; Petrov, A. I.

2017-10-01

The article specifies measuring data of air parameters and its volume flow in the shafts and on the surface, collected in BKPRU-2 (Berezniki potash plant and mine 2) («Uralkali» PJSC) in normal operation mode, after shutdown of the main mine fan (GVU) and within several hours. As a result of the test it has been established that thermal pressure between the mine shafts is active continuously regardless of the GVU operation mode or other draught sources. Also it has been discovered that depth of the mine shafts has no impact on thermal pressure value. By the same difference of shaft elevation marks and parameters of outer air between the shafts, by their different depth, thermal pressure of the same value will be active. Value of the general mine natural draught defined as an algebraic sum of thermal pressure values between the shafts depends only on the difference of temperature and pressure of outer air and air in the shaft bottoms on condition of shutdown of the air handling system (unit-heaters, air conditioning systems).

Torsional vibration measurements on rotating shaft system using laser doppler vibrometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiang, Ling; Yang, Shixi; Gan, Chunbiao

2012-11-01

In this work, a laser torsional vibrameter was used to measure the torsion vibration of a rotating shaft system under electrical network impact. Based on the principles of laser Doppler velocimetry, the laser torsional vibrometer (LTV) are non-contact measurement of torsional oscillation of rotating shafts, offering significant advantages over conventional techniques. Furthermore, a highly complex shafting system is analyzed by a modified Riccati torsional transfer matrix. The system is modeled as a chain consisting of an elastic spring with concentrated mass points, and the multi-segments lumped mass model is established for this shafting system. By the modified Riccati torsional transfer matrix method, an accumulated calculation is effectively eliminated to obtain the natural frequencies. The electrical network impacts can activize the torsional vibration of shaft system, and the activized torsion vibration frequencies contained the natural frequencies of shaft system. The torsional vibrations of the shaft system were measured under electrical network impacts in laser Doppler torsional vibrometer. By comparisons, the natural frequencies by measurement were consistent with the values by calculation. The results verify the instrument is robust, user friendly and can be calibrated in situ. The laser torsional vibrometer represents a significant step forward in rotating machinery diagnostics.

Dynamic tester for rotor seals and bearings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vonpragenau, George L. (Inventor)

1993-01-01

A dynamic tester for testing vibration damping seals and bearings is constructed having a hollow shaft extending through the seal or bearing, with the shaft internally supported at each end by fluid bearings on hollow bosses connected to an interior of an enclosure, with no rolling members connected to the shaft is described. A high pressure working fluid is forced through the hollow bosses to operate the bearings. Additionally, the shaft is provided with a reaction turbine that angularly vents a portion of the high pressure working fluid in order to rotate the shaft at high speed, up to 40,000 rpm. The seal or bearing is mounted in a bushing, in turn supported by rods to a shaking device that vibrates the seal or bearing as the shaft is rotated. A plurality of proximity sensors are mounted from outside the enclosure to sense shaft and seal bushing vibrations, and a plurality of pressure ports are disposed in the enclosure to allow sensing of dynamic and static pressures of the testing apparatus.

Radial displacement sensor for non-contact bearings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McCormick, John A. (Inventor); Sixsmith, Herbert (Inventor)

1998-01-01

A radial position sensor includes four capacitive electrodes oriented about a shaft, arranged in two diametrically opposite pairs. Sensor circuitry generates an output signal in proportion to the capacitance between the electrodes and the shaft; the capacitance between an electrode and the shaft increases as the shaft approaches the electrode and decreases as the shaft recedes from the electrode. The sensor circuitry applies an alternating voltage to one electrode of a pair and a 180 degree out of phase alternating voltage to the other electrode of the pair. The electrical responses of the two electrodes to their respective input signals are summed to form a radial deviation signal which is relatively free from the alternating voltage and accurately represents the position of the shaft relative to the electrodes of the pair.

Miniature high speed compressor having embedded permanent magnet motor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zhou, Lei (Inventor); Zheng, Liping (Inventor); Chow, Louis (Inventor); Kapat, Jayanta S. (Inventor); Wu, Thomas X. (Inventor); Kota, Krishna M. (Inventor); Li, Xiaoyi (Inventor); Acharya, Dipjyoti (Inventor)

2011-01-01

A high speed centrifugal compressor for compressing fluids includes a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) having a hollow shaft, the being supported on its ends by ball bearing supports. A permanent magnet core is embedded inside the shaft. A stator with a winding is located radially outward of the shaft. The PMSM includes a rotor including at least one impeller secured to the shaft or integrated with the shaft as a single piece. The rotor is a high rigidity rotor providing a bending mode speed of at least 100,000 RPM which advantageously permits implementation of relatively low-cost ball bearing supports.

Interaction between clay-based sealing components and crystalline host rock

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Priyanto, D. G.; Dixon, D. A.; Man, A. G.

The results of hydraulic-mechanical (H-M) numerical simulation of a shaft seal installed at a fracture zone (FZ) in a crystalline host rock using the finite element method are presented. The primary function of a shaft seal is to limit short-circuiting of the groundwater flow regime via the shaft in a deep geological repository. Two different stages of system evolution were considered in this numerical modelling. Stage 1 simulates the groundwater flow into an open shaft, prior to seal installation. Stage 2 simulates the groundwater flow into the shaft seal after seal installation. Four different cases were completed to: (i) evaluate H-M response due to the interaction between clay-based sealing material and crystalline host rock in the shaft seal structure; (ii) quantify the effect of the different times between the completion of the shaft excavation and the completion of shaft seal installation on the H-M response; and (iii) define the potential effects of different sealing material configurations. Shaft sealing materials include the bentonite-sand mixture (BSM), dense backfill (DBF), and concrete plug (CP). The BSM has greater swelling capacity and lower hydraulic conductivity ( K) than the DBF. The results of these analyses show that the decrease of the pore water pressure is concentrated along the fracture zone (FZ), which has the greatest K. As the time increases, the greatest decrease in pore water pressure is found around the FZ. Following FZ isolation and the subsequent filling of the shaft with water as it floods, the pore water pressure profile tends to recover back to the initial conditions prior to shaft excavation. The majority of the fluids that ultimately saturate the centre of the shaft seal flow radially inwards from the FZ. The time between the completion of the shaft excavation and the completion of shaft seal installation has a significant effect on the saturation time. A shorter time can reduce the saturation time. Since most of the inflow comes from the FZ, application of the BSM for extended distances above and below the FZ does not significantly affect the saturation time of the volume adjacent to the FZ. The application of BSM near the FZ rather than a low swelling capacity, more permeable filling material is very significant. This study assumed a perfect contact between seal materials and host rock. Limited to the assumptions used in this study, use of BSM near the FZ was found to increase the time before the centre of the shaft seal became fully saturated from between 4 and 30 years (when the DBF is used) to between 90 and 100 years (when the BSM is used).

Measuring surface-water loss in Honouliuli Stream near the ‘Ewa Shaft, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rosa, Sarah N.

2017-05-30

The Honolulu Board of Water Supply is currently concerned with the possibility of bacteria in the pumped water of the ‘Ewa Shaft (State well 3-2202-21). Groundwater from the ‘Ewa Shaft could potentially be used to meet future potable water needs in the ‘Ewa area on the island of O‘ahu. The source of the bacteria in the pumped water is unknown, although previous studies indicate that surface water may be lost to the subsurface near the site. The ‘Ewa Shaft consists of a vertical shaft, started near the south bank of Honouliuli Stream at an altitude of about 161 feet, and two horizontal infiltration tunnels near sea level. The shaft extracts groundwater from near the top of the freshwater lens in the Waipahu-Waiawa aquifer system within the greater Pearl Harbor Aquifer Sector, a designated Water Management Area.The surface-water losses were evaluated with continuous groundwater-level data from the ‘Ewa Shaft and a nearby monitoring well, continuous stream-discharge data from U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station 16212490 (Honouliuli Stream at H-1 Freeway near Waipahu), and seepage-run measurements in Honouliuli Stream and its tributary. During storms, discharge at the Honouliuli Stream gaging station increases and groundwater levels at ‘Ewa Shaft and a nearby monitoring well also increase. The concurrent increase in water levels at ‘Ewa Shaft and the nearby monitoring well during storms indicates that regional groundwater-level changes related to increased recharge, reduced withdrawals (due to a decrease in demand during periods of rainfall), or both may be occurring; although these data do not preclude the possibility of local recharge from Honouliuli Stream. Discharge measurements from two seepage runs indicate that surface water in the immediate area adjacent to ‘Ewa Shaft infiltrates into the streambed and may later reach the groundwater system developed by the ‘Ewa Shaft. The estimated seepage loss rates in the vicinity of ‘Ewa Shaft from the two seepage runs generally ranged from 0.27 to 1.78 million gallons per day per mile of stream reach; although higher seepage rates may occur during periods of higher discharge in Honouliuli Stream. A potential source of bacteria in ‘Ewa Shaft maybe related to seepage from Honouliuli Stream; however, other sources of bacteria were not studied and cannot be excluded.

46 CFR 115.670 - Tailshaft examinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... all of the propeller shafting to be drawn for examination of the shafting and stern bearing of a... conduct a visual examination and may require nondestructive testing of the propeller shafting whenever the...

46 CFR 115.670 - Tailshaft examinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... all of the propeller shafting to be drawn for examination of the shafting and stern bearing of a... conduct a visual examination and may require nondestructive testing of the propeller shafting whenever the...

46 CFR 115.670 - Tailshaft examinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... all of the propeller shafting to be drawn for examination of the shafting and stern bearing of a... conduct a visual examination and may require nondestructive testing of the propeller shafting whenever the...

46 CFR 115.670 - Tailshaft examinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... all of the propeller shafting to be drawn for examination of the shafting and stern bearing of a... conduct a visual examination and may require nondestructive testing of the propeller shafting whenever the...

46 CFR 115.670 - Tailshaft examinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... all of the propeller shafting to be drawn for examination of the shafting and stern bearing of a... conduct a visual examination and may require nondestructive testing of the propeller shafting whenever the...

CO2 rebreathing: a possible contributory factor to some cases of sudden infant death?

PubMed

Skadberg, B T; Oterhals, A; Finborud, K; Markestad, T

1995-09-01

Physical and geometrical conditions influencing carbon dioxide (CO2) accumulation near the face of a sleeping infant positioned deep in a cot or pram (open cot shaft) or underneath bedding (closed cot shaft) were investigated. By means of mathematical and data-based simulation, and an experimental rebreathing model, both hypothetical (dry, exhaled air +20 degrees C) and more physiological conditions (heated, humidified exhaled air, room temperature +20 degrees C; with and without pooling of cold air within the shaft) were tested. With exhaled air at +20 degrees C, the CO2 concentration increased to about 10% within 5 min. The increase was faster the smaller the volume, and the smaller the opening of the cot shaft. When expiratory air was heated, the CO2 concentration increased with the same speed as when the shaft was closed, but to only 0.1-0.3% when the shaft was open. Pooling of cold air in the shaft increased CO2 accumulation 70-200 times the concentration in air (to <5.5%) when the shaft was open. Turbulence of the air outside the open shaft reduced the increase in CO2 concentration. The experiments imply that CO2 may accumulate around an infant's head when placed deep in a cot or pram with the bedding and walls creating a narrow, vertical, shaft-like tunnel to the surrounding air. Although the CO2 concentration may theoretically attain dangerous levels in such circumstances, a rapid equilibrium between the air within and outside the cot usually occurs due to convection of the expiratory air and turbulence from drafts, the infant's body movements and breathing. Such factors will largely eliminated any significant rebreathing with the exception of the extreme situation when expired air is contained within a closed space.

Modeling and estimation of tip contact force for steerable ablation catheters.

PubMed

Khoshnam, Mahta; Skanes, Allan C; Patel, Rajni V

2015-05-01

The efficacy of catheter-based cardiac ablation procedures can be significantly improved if real-time information is available concerning contact forces between the catheter tip and cardiac tissue. However, the widely used ablation catheters are not equipped for force sensing. This paper proposes a technique for estimating the contact forces without direct force measurements by studying the changes in the shape of the deflectable distal section of a conventional 7-Fr catheter (henceforth called the "deflectable distal shaft," the "deflectable shaft," or the "shaft" of the catheter) in different loading situations. First, the shaft curvature when the tip is moving in free space is studied and based on that, a kinematic model for the deflectable shaft in free space is proposed. In the next step, the shaft shape is analyzed in the case where the tip is in contact with the environment, and it is shown that the curvature of the deflectable shaft provides useful information about the loading status of the catheter and can be used to define an index for determining the range of contact forces exerted by the ablation tip. Experiments with two different steerable ablation catheters show that the defined index can detect the range of applied contact forces correctly in more than 80% of the cases. Based on the proposed technique, a framework for obtaining contact force information by using the shaft curvature at a limited number of points along the deflectable shaft is constructed. The proposed kinematic model and the force estimation technique can be implemented together to describe the catheter's behavior before contact, detect tip/tissue contact, and determine the range of contact forces. This study proves that the flexibility of the catheter's distal shaft provides a means of estimating the force exerted on tissue by the ablation tip.

Rotary filtration system

DOEpatents

Herman, David T [Aiken, SC; Maxwell, David N [Aiken, SC

2011-04-19

A rotary filtration apparatus for filtering a feed fluid into permeate is provided. The rotary filtration apparatus includes a container that has a feed fluid inlet. A shaft is at least partially disposed in the container and has a passageway for the transport of permeate. A disk stack made of a plurality of filtration disks is mounted onto the shaft so that rotation of the shaft causes rotation of the filtration disks. The filtration disks may be made of steel components and may be welded together. The shaft may penetrate a filtering section of the container at a single location. The rotary filtration apparatus may also incorporate a bellows seal to prevent leakage along the shaft, and an around the shaft union rotary joint to allow for removal of permeate. Various components of the rotary filtration apparatus may be removed as a single assembly.

Crank shaft support assembly

DOEpatents

Natkin, Robert J.; Oltmans, Bret; Allison, John E.; Heater, Thomas J.; Hines, Joy Adair; Tappen, Grant K.; Peiskammer, Dietmar

2007-10-23

A crank shaft support assembly for increasing stiffness and reducing thermal mismatch distortion in a crank shaft bore of an engine comprising different materials. A cylinder block comprises a first material and at least two crank journal inserts are insert-molded into respective crank journal regions of the cylinder block and comprise a second material having greater stiffness and a lower thermal coefficient of expansion that the first material. At least two bearing caps are bolted to the respective crank journal inserts and define, along with the crank journal inserts, at least two crank shaft support rings defining a crank shaft bore coaxially aligned with a crank shaft axis. The bearing caps comprise a material having higher stiffness and a lower thermal coefficient of expansion than the first material and are supported on the respective crank journal inserts independently of any direct connection to the cylinder block.

Endoscope shaft-rigidity control mechanism: "FORGUIDE".

PubMed

Loeve, Arjo J; Plettenburg, Dick H; Breedveld, Paul; Dankelman, Jenny

2012-02-01

Recent developments in flexible endoscopy and other fields of medical technology have raised the need for compact slender shafts that can be made rigid and compliant at will. A novel compact mechanism, named FORGUIDE, with this functionality was developed. The FORGUIDE shaft rigidifies due to friction between a ring of cables situated between a spring and an inflated tube. A mathematical model for the FORGUIDE mechanism working principle was made and used to obtain understanding of this mechanism, predict the maximum rigidity of a FORGUIDE shaft design, and tune its design variables. The mathematical model gave suggestions for significant performance improvement by fine-tuning the design. A prototype FORGUIDE shaft was built and put to a series of bench tests. These tests showed that the FORGUIDE mechanism provides a reliable and simple way to control the rigidity of a flexible shaft. © 2011 IEEE

Cryogenic Cam Butterfly Valve

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McCormack, Kenneth J. (Inventor)

2016-01-01

A cryogenic cam butterfly valve has a body that includes an axially extending fluid conduit formed there through. A disc lug is connected to a back side of a valve disc and has a circular bore that receives and is larger than a cam of a cam shaft. The valve disc is rotatable for a quarter turn within the body about a lug axis that is offset from the shaft axis. Actuating the cam shaft in the closing rotational direction first causes the camming side of the cam of the cam shaft to rotate the disc lug and the valve disc a quarter turn from the open position to the closed position. Further actuating causes the camming side of the cam shaft to translate the valve disc into sealed contact with the valve seat. Opening rotational direction of the cam shaft reverses these motions.

Stowage and Deployment of Slit Tube Booms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adams, Larry (Inventor); Turse, Dana (Inventor); Richardson, Doug (Inventor)

2016-01-01

A system comprising a boom having a first end, a longitudinal length, and a slit that extends along the longitudinal length of the boom; a drum having an elliptic cross section and a longitudinal length; an attachment mechanism coupled with the first end of the boom and the drum such that the boom and the drum are substantially perpendicular relative to one another; an inner shaft having a longitudinal length, the inner shaft disposed within the drum, the longitudinal length of the inner shaft is aligned substantially parallel with the longitudinal length of the drum, the inner shaft at least partially rotatable relative to the drum, and the inner shaft is at least partially rotatable with the drum; and at least two cords coupled with the inner shaft and portions of the boom near the first end of the boom.

A Unit-Cell Model for Predicting the Elastic Constants of 3D Four Directional Cylindrical Braided Composite Shafts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hao, Wenfeng; Liu, Ye; Huang, Xinrong; Liu, Yinghua; Zhu, Jianguo

2018-06-01

In this work, the elastic constants of 3D four directional cylindrical braided composite shafts were predicted using analytical and numerical methods. First, the motion rule of yarn carrier of 3D four directional cylindrical braided composite shafts was analyzed, and the horizontal projection of yarn motion trajectory was obtained. Then, the geometry models of unit-cells with different braiding angles and fiber volume contents were built up, and the meso-scale models of 3D cylindrical braided composite shafts were obtained. Finally, the effects of braiding angles and fiber volume contents on the elastic constants of 3D braided composite shafts were analyzed theoretically and numerically. These results play a crucial role in investigating the mechanical properties of 3D 4-directional braided composites shafts.

Continuous injection of an inert gas through a drill rig for drilling into potentially hazardous areas

DOEpatents

McCormick, S.H.; Pigott, W.R.

1997-12-30

A drill rig for drilling in potentially hazardous areas includes a drill having conventional features such as a frame, a gear motor, gear box, and a drive. A hollow rotating shaft projects through the drive and frame. An auger, connected to the shaft is provided with a multiplicity of holes. An inert gas is supplied to the hollow shaft and directed from the rotating shaft to the holes in the auger. The inert gas flows down the hollow shaft, and then down the hollow auger and out through the holes in the bottom of the auger into the potentially hazardous area. 3 figs.

Continuous injection of an inert gas through a drill rig for drilling into potentially hazardous areas

DOEpatents

McCormick, Steve H.; Pigott, William R.

1997-01-01

A drill rig for drilling in potentially hazardous areas includes a drill having conventional features such as a frame, a gear motor, gear box, and a drive. A hollow rotating shaft projects through the drive and frame. An auger, connected to the shaft is provided with a multiplicity of holes. An inert gas is supplied to the hollow shaft and directed from the rotating shaft to the holes in the auger. The inert gas flows down the hollow shaft, and then down the hollow auger and out through the holes in the bottom of the auger into the potentially hazardous area.

Hair shafts in trichoscopy: clues for diagnosis of hair and scalp diseases.

PubMed

Rudnicka, Lidia; Rakowska, Adriana; Kerzeja, Marta; Olszewska, Małgorzata

2013-10-01

Trichoscopy (hair and scalp dermoscopy) analyzes the structure and size of growing hair shafts, providing diagnostic clues for inherited and acquired causes of hair loss. Types of hair shaft abnormalities observed include exclamation mark hairs (alopecia areata, trichotillomania, chemotherapy-induced alopecia), Pohl-Pinkus constrictions (alopecia areata, chemotherapy-induced alopecia, blood loss, malnutrition), comma hairs (tinea capitis), corkscrew hairs (tinea capitis), coiled hairs (trichotillomania), flame hairs (trichotillomania), and tulip hairs (in trichotillomania, alopecia areata). Trichoscopy allows differential diagnosis of most genetic hair shaft disorders. This article proposes a classification of hair shaft abnormalities observed by trichoscopy. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Spin ejector

DOEpatents

Andersen, John A.; Flanigan, John J.; Kindley, Robert J.

1978-01-01

The disclosure relates to an apparatus for spin ejecting a body having a flat plate base containing bosses. The apparatus has a base plate and a main ejection shaft extending perpendicularly from the base plate. A compressible cylindrical spring is disposed about the shaft. Bearings are located between the shaft and the spring. A housing containing a helical aperture releasably engages the base plate and surrounds the shaft bearings and the spring. A piston having an aperture follower disposed in the housing aperture is seated on the spring and is guided by the shaft and the aperture. The spring is compressed and when released causes the piston to spin eject the body.

17. TRACTOR ENGINE POWERING SHAFT SYSTEM IN FOREGROUND, BELT CONNECTS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

17. TRACTOR ENGINE POWERING SHAFT SYSTEM IN FOREGROUND, BELT CONNECTS WITH MAIN SHAFT LOOKING EAST. - W. A. Young & Sons Foundry & Machine Shop, On Water Street along Monongahela River, Rices Landing, Greene County, PA

Percussive arc welding apparatus

DOEpatents

Hollar, Jr., Donald L.

2002-01-01

A percussive arc welding apparatus includes a generally cylindrical actuator body having front and rear end portions and defining an internal recess. The front end of the body includes an opening. A solenoid assembly is provided in the rear end portion in the internal recess of the body, and an actuator shaft assembly is provided in the front end portion in the internal recess of the actuator body. The actuator shaft assembly includes a generally cylindrical actuator block having first and second end portions, and an actuator shaft having a front end extending through the opening in the actuator body, and the rear end connected to the first end portion of the actuator block. The second end portion of the actuator block is in operational engagement with the solenoid shaft by a non-rigid connection to reduce the adverse rebound effects of the actuator shaft. A generally transversely extending pin is rigidly secured to the rear end of the shaft. One end of the pin is received in a slot in the nose housing sleeve to prevent rotation of the actuator shaft during operation of the apparatus.

Design of rock socketed drilled shafts

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-09-01

Three field load tests of drilled shafts socketed in Burlington limestone were conducted using the Osterberg load cell. The objective of these tests was to compare the shaft capacities obtained from the field load tests with capacities predicted usin...

Gravity in a Mine Shaft.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hall, Peter M.; Hall, David J.

1995-01-01

Discusses the effects of gravity, local density compared to the density of the earth, the mine shaft, centrifugal force, and air buoyancy on the weight of an object at the top and at the bottom of a mine shaft. (JRH)

Liquefaction-induced downdrag on drilled shafts.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-04-01

Sandy soil layers reduce in volume during and following liquefaction. The downward relative movement of the overlying soil layers around drilled shafts induces shear stress along the shaft and changes the axial load distribution. Depending on the sit...

76 FR 13065 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Model AS-365N2, AS 365 N3, and SA-365N1 Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-10

... replacing the aluminum tail rotor (T/R) blade pitch control shaft with a steel T/R blade pitch control shaft... prevent failure of the T/R blade pitch control shaft, loss of T/R control, and subsequent loss of control... SA-365N1 helicopters, all serial numbers, with an aluminum T/R blade pitch control shaft, part number...

10. Photocopied August 1978. CLOSEUP VIEW OF TURBINE SHAFT PENETRATING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. Photocopied August 1978. CLOSE-UP VIEW OF TURBINE SHAFT PENETRATING THE STEEL PLATE BULKHEAD THROUGH A STUFFING BOX AND AND ALSO SHOWING THE CONTROL GATE SHAFT. THIS PARTICULAR UNIT WAS INSTALLED IN 1916. THE ADMISSION OF WATER TO ALL FOUR RUNNERS IN A PENSTOCK UNIT COULD SIMULTANEOUSLY BE CONTROLLED BY THE CONTROL SHAFT ON THE LEFT. (899) - Michigan Lake Superior Power Company, Portage Street, Sault Ste. Marie, Chippewa County, MI

Cooling Acoustic Transducer with Heat Pipes

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-07-29

a heat sink. [0009] In Kan et al (United States Patent No. 6,528,909), a spindle motor assembly is disclosed which has a shaft with an integral...heat pipe. The shaft with the integral heat pipe improves the thermal conductively of the shaft and the spindle motor assembly. The shaft includes...Description of the Prior Art [0004] It is known in the art that transducers, designed to project acoustic power, are often limited by the build

Passive magnetic bearing for a horizontal shaft

DOEpatents

Post, Richard F.

2003-12-02

A passive magnetic bearing is composed of a levitation element and a restorative element. The levitation element is composed of a pair of stationary arcuate ferromagnetic segments located within an annular radial-field magnet array. The magnet array is attached to the inner circumference of a hollow shaft end. An attractive force between the arcuate segments and the magnet array acts vertically to levitate the shaft, and also in a horizontal transverse direction to center the shaft. The restorative element is comprised of an annular Halbach array of magnets and a stationary annular circuit array located within the Halbach array. The Halbach array is attached to the inner circumference of the hollow shaft end. A repulsive force between the Halbach array and the circuit array increases inversely to the radial space between them, and thus acts to restore the shaft to its equilibrium axis of rotation when it is displaced therefrom.

Rotary shaft seal

DOEpatents

Langebrake, C.O.

1984-01-01

The invention is a novel rotary shaft seal assembly which provides positive-contact sealing when the shaft is not rotated and which operates with its sealing surfaces separated by a film of compressed ambient gas whose width is independent of the speed of shaft rotation. In a preferred embodiment, the assembly includes a disc affixed to the shaft for rotation therewith. Axially movable, non-rotatable plates respectively supported by sealing bellows are positioned on either side of the disc to be in sealing engagement therewith. Each plate carries piezoelectric transucer elements which are electrically energized at startup to produce films of compressed ambient gas between the confronting surfaces of the plates and the disc. Following shutdown of the shaft, the transducer elements are de-energized. A control circuit responds to incipient rubbing between the plate and either disc by altering the electrical input to the transducer elements to eliminate rubbing.

Mechanism of magnetic liquid flowing in the magnetic liquid seal gap of reciprocating shaft

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Decai; Chui, Haichun; Yang, Qingxin

2003-04-01

In order to solve the problems that exist in the magnetic liquid seal of reciprocating shaft, we have set up an experimental facility, which composes a camera, a microscope, a step-by-step motor, a pin roller screw, a reciprocating motion shaft, pole pieces, a permanent magnet and the magnetic liquid in the seal gap. Through the optical technology and image process of the experimental facility, we have studied the magnetic liquid flow in the seal gap when the reciprocating shaft moves with different velocities and strokes, this study especially concentrates on 1) the regular pattern of such flow; 2) the loss quantity of magnetic liquid caused by the reciprocating motion shaft; 3) the failure reasons of this magnetic liquid seal and 4) the design of a new structure for the magnetic liquid seal of reciprocating shaft. The application indicates that the new structure is very effective in some occasions.

Shaft seal assembly and method

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Keba, John E. (Inventor)

2007-01-01

A pressure-actuated shaft seal assembly and associated method for controlling the flow of fluid adjacent a rotatable shaft are provided. The seal assembly includes one or more seal members that can be adjusted between open and closed positions, for example, according to the rotational speed of the shaft. For example, the seal member can be configured to be adjusted according to a radial pressure differential in a fluid that varies with the rotational speed of the shaft. In addition, in the closed position, each seal member can contact a rotatable member connected to the shaft to form a seal with the rotatable member and prevent fluid from flowing through the assembly. Thus, the seal can be closed at low speeds of operation and opened at high speeds of operation, thereby reducing the heat and wear in the seal assembly while maintaining a sufficient seal during all speeds of operation.

Rotary shaft seal

DOEpatents

Langebrake, Clair O.

1984-01-01

The invention is a novel rotary shaft seal assembly which provides positive-contact sealing when the shaft is not rotated and which operates with its sealing surfaces separated by a film of compressed ambient gas whose width is independent of the speed of shaft rotation. In a preferred embodiment, the assembly includes a disc affixed to the shaft for rotation therewith. Axially movable, non-rotatable plates respectively supported by sealing bellows are positioned on either side of the disc to be in sealing engagement therewith. Each plate carries piezoelectric transducer elements which are electrically energized at startup to produce films of compressed ambient gas between the confronting surfaces of the plates and the disc. Following shutdown of the shaft, the transducer elements are de-energized. A control circuit responds to incipient rubbing between the plate and either disc by altering the electrical input to the transducer elements to eliminate rubbing.

Research and industrialization of near-net rolling technology used in shaft parts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Zhenghuan; Wang, Baoyu; Zheng, Zhenhua

2017-11-01

Shaft part rolling is an efficient and green nearnet shaping technology offering many advantages, including high production efficiency, high material utilization rate, high product quality, and excellent production environment. In this paper, the features of shaft part rolling are introduced along with the working principles of two main shaft part rolling technologies, namely, cross wedge rolling (CWR) and skew rolling (SR). In relation to this technology, some R&D achievements gained by the University of Science and Technology Beijing are summarized. Finally, the latest developments in shaft part rolling are presented, including SR steel balls, precise forming of camshaft blank by CWR, SR phosphorous copper balls at room temperature, and CWR hollow axle sleeve. Although the shaft part rolling technology has been widely used in China, it only accounts for about 15% of applicable parts at present. Nevertheless, this technology has broad application prospects.

Research and industrialization of near-net rolling technology used in shaft parts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Zhenghuan; Wang, Baoyu; Zheng, Zhenhua

2018-03-01

Shaft part rolling is an efficient and green nearnet shaping technology offering many advantages, including high production efficiency, high material utilization rate, high product quality, and excellent production environment. In this paper, the features of shaft part rolling are introduced along with the working principles of two main shaft part rolling technologies, namely, cross wedge rolling (CWR) and skew rolling (SR). In relation to this technology, some R&D achievements gained by the University of Science and Technology Beijing are summarized. Finally, the latest developments in shaft part rolling are presented, including SR steel balls, precise forming of camshaft blank by CWR, SR phosphorous copper balls at room temperature, and CWR hollow axle sleeve. Although the shaft part rolling technology has been widely used in China, it only accounts for about 15% of applicable parts at present. Nevertheless, this technology has broad application prospects.

Structural cooling fluid tube for supporting a turbine component and supplying cooling fluid to transition section

DOEpatents

Charron, Richard; Pierce, Daniel

2015-08-11

A shaft cover support for a gas turbine engine is disclosed. The shaft cover support not only provides enhanced support to a shaft cover of the gas turbine engine, but also includes a cooling fluid chamber for passing fluids from a rotor air cooling supply conduit to an inner ring cooling manifold. Furthermore, the shaft cover support may include a cooling shield supply extending from the cooling fluid chamber between the radially outward inlet and the radially inward outlet on the radially extending region and in fluid communication with the cooling fluid chamber for providing cooling fluids to a transition section. The shaft cover support may also provide additional stiffness and reduce interference of the flow from the compressor. In addition, the shaft cover support accommodates a transition section extending between compressor and turbine sections of the gas turbine engine.

Shaft balancing

DOEpatents

Irwin, John A.

1979-01-01

A gas turbine engine has an internal drive shaft including one end connected to a driven load and an opposite end connected to a turbine wheel and wherein the shaft has an in situ adjustable balance system near the critical center of a bearing span for the shaft including two 360.degree. rings piloted on the outer diameter of the shaft at a point accessible through an internal engine panel; each of the rings has a small amount of material removed from its periphery whereby both of the rings are precisely unbalanced an equivalent amount; the rings are locked circumferentially together by radial serrations thereon; numbered tangs on the outside diameter of each ring identify the circumferential location of unbalance once the rings are locked together; an aft ring of the pair of rings has a spline on its inside diameter that mates with a like spline on the shaft to lock the entire assembly together.

Mitochondrial DNA typing from human axillary, pubic and head hair shafts - success rates and sequence comparisons.

PubMed

Pfeiffer, H; Hühne, J; Ortmann, C; Waterkamp, K; Brinkmann, B

1999-01-01

The analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from shed hairs has gained high importance in forensic casework since telogen hairs are one of the most common types of evidence left at the crime scene. In this systematic study of hair shafts from 20 individuals, the correlation of mtDNA recovery with hair morphology (length, diameter, volume, colour), with sex, and with body localisation (head, armpit, pubis) was investigated. The highest average success rate of hypervariable region 1 (HV 1) sequencing was found in head hair shafts (75%) followed by pubic (66%) and axillary hair shafts (52%). No statistically significant correlation between morphological parameters or sex and the success rate of sequencing was found. MtDNA sequences of buccal cells, head, pubic and axillary hair shafts did not show intraindividual differences. Heteroplasmic base positions were observed neither in the hair shafts nor in control samples of buccal cells.

Natural Ventilation of Buildings through Light Shafts. Design-Based Solution Proposals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ángel Padilla-Marcos, Miguel; Meiss, Alberto; Feijó-Muñoz, Jesús

2017-10-01

This work analyses how the built environment affects the quality of the air to be introduced into buildings from light shafts. Several factors such as urban environment and building design intervene in the ability of the light shaft to produce its air change process. Urban areas continuously pollute the air in cities which affects the human health and the environment sustainability. Poor air quality outside buildings supposes a big energy waste to promote an acceptable air quality inside buildings. That requires a large flow rate to maintain the indoor air quality which is translated to an energy efficiency term. The main objective focuses on the impact of standardized architecture design in the quality of the indoor air dependent on the air change in the light shaft. The air change capacity of the outdoor space is numbered analysed using the concept of air change efficiency (ACE). ACE is determined by the built environment, the wind conditions and the design of the building containing light shafts. This concept is comparatively evaluated inside a control domain virtually defined to obtain the mean age of the air for a known air volume. The longer the light shaft in the wind direction is, the better the ACE is compared with other options. Light shafts up to 12 metres high are the most suitable in order to obtain acceptable efficiency results. Other studied cases verify that assumption. Different simplified tools for the technicians to evaluate the design of buildings containing light shafts are proposed. Some strategies of architectural design of buildings with light shafts to be used for ventilation are presented.

Buoyancy and Pressure Driven Flow of Hot Gases in Vertical Shafts with Natural and Forced Ventilation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tamm, Gunnar; Jaluria, Yogesh

2003-11-01

An experimental investigation has been carried out on the buoyancy and pressure induced flow of hot gases in vertical shafts, in order to simulate the propagation of combustion products in elevator shafts due to fire in multilevel buildings. Various geometrical configurations are studied, with regard to natural and forced ventilation imposed at the top or bottom of the vertical shaft. The aspect ratio is taken at a fixed value of 6 and the inflow conditions for the hot gases, at a vent near the bottom, are varied in terms of the Reynolds and Grashof numbers. Temperature measurements within the shaft allow a detailed study of the steady state thermal fields, from which optimal means for smoke alleviation in high-rise building fires may be developed. Flow visualization is also used to study the flow characteristics. The results obtained indicate a wall plume as the primary transport mechanism. Flow recirculation dominates at high Grashof number flows, while increased Reynolds numbers gives rise to greater mixing in the shaft. The development and stability of the flow and its effect on the spread of smoke and hot gases are assessed for the different shaft configurations and inlet conditions. It is found that the fastest smoke removal and lowest shaft temperatures occur for a configuration with natural ventilation at the top and forced ventilation up from the shaft bottom. It is also shown that forced ventilation can be used to arrest smoke spread, as well as to dilute the effects of the fire.

Incidence and epidemiology of tibial shaft fractures.

PubMed

Larsen, Peter; Elsoe, Rasmus; Hansen, Sandra Hope; Graven-Nielsen, Thomas; Laessoe, Uffe; Rasmussen, Sten

2015-04-01

The literature lacks recent population-based epidemiology studies of the incidence, trauma mechanism and fracture classification of tibial shaft fractures. The purpose of this study was to provide up-to-date information on the incidence of tibial shaft fractures in a large and complete population and report the distribution of fracture classification, trauma mechanism and patient baseline demographics. Retrospective reviews of clinical and radiological records. A total of 196 patients were treated for 198 tibial shaft fractures in the years 2009 and 2010. The mean age at time of fracture was 38.5 (21.2SD) years. The incidence of tibial shaft fracture was 16.9/100,000/year. Males have the highest incidence of 21.5/100,000/year and present with the highest frequency between the age of 10 and 20, whereas women have a frequency of 12.3/100,000/year and have the highest frequency between the age of 30 and 40. AO-type 42-A1 was the most common fracture type, representing 34% of all tibial shaft fractures. The majority of tibial shaft fractures occur during walking, indoor activity and sports. The distribution among genders shows that males present a higher frequency of fractures while participating in sports activities and walking. Women present the highest frequency of fractures while walking and during indoor activities. This study shows an incidence of 16.9/100,000/year for tibial shaft fractures. AO-type 42-A1 was the most common fracture type, representing 34% of all tibial shaft fractures. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Circumferential shaft seal

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ludwig, L. P. (Inventor)

1981-01-01

A circumferential shaft seal comprising two sealing rings held to a rotating shaft by means of a surrounding elastomeric band is disclosed. The rings are segmented and are of a rigid sealing material such as carbon or a polyimide and graphite fiber composite.

Circumferential shaft seal

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ludwig, L. P. (Inventor)

1980-01-01

A circumferential shaft seal is described which comprises two sealing rings held to a rotating shaft by means of a surrounding elastomeric band. The rings are segmented and are of a rigid sealing material such as carbon or a polyimide and graphite fiber composite.

An Analysis of the Oil-Whirl Instability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schultz, William W.; Han, Heng-Chu; Boyd, John P.; Schumack, Mark

1997-11-01

We investigate the hydrodynamic stability of a rotating journal translating inside a stationary bearing. A long (two-dimensional) journal bearing separated by a Newtonian non-cavitating lubricant is studied for shaft stability. Spectral element methods, perturbation methods, and linear stability analyses are used. The influences of fluid inertia, eccentricity, ellipticity, shaft mass, and finite gap on hydrodynamic stability are explored. Lubrication theory using Reynolds equation ignoring fluid inertia leads to erroneous conclusions. Without fluid inertia, the shaft is always unstable. However, the journal is conditionally stable even in the limit Rearrow 0 if fluid inertia is included. Increasing eccentricity helps stabilize a whirling shaft. Non-circular shaft bearings, for example elliptical bearings, are observed to have better dynamic stability.

Control rod for a nuclear reactor

DOEpatents

Roman, Walter G.; Sutton, Jr., Harry G.

1979-01-01

A control rod assembly for a nuclear reactor is disclosed having a remotely disengageable coupling between the control rod and the control rod drive shaft. The coupling is actuated by first lowering then raising the drive shaft. The described motion causes axial repositioning of a pin in a grooved rotatable cylinder, each being attached to different parts of the drive shaft which are axially movable relative to each other. In one embodiment, the relative axial motion of the parts of the drive shaft is used either to couple or to uncouple the connection by forcing resilient members attached to the drive shaft into or out of shouldered engagement, respectively, with an indentation formed in the control rod.

Numerical Study on the Tensile Behavior of 3D Four Directional Cylindrical Braided Composite Shafts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Guoqi; Wang, Jiayi; Hao, Wenfeng; Liu, Yinghua; Luo, Ying

2017-10-01

The tensile behavior of 3D four directional cylindrical braided composite shafts was analyzed with the numerical method. The unit cell models for the 3D four directional cylindrical braided composite shafts with various braiding angles were constructed with ABAQUS. Hashin's failure criterion was used to analyze the tensile strength and the damage evolution of the unit cells. The influence of the braiding angle on the tensile behavior of the 3D four directional cylindrical braided composite shafts was analyzed. The numerical results showed that the tensile strength along the braiding direction increased as the braiding angle decreased. These results should play an integral role in the design of braiding composites shafts.

A fiber optic sensor for noncontact measurement of shaft speed, torque, and power

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Madzsar, George C.

1990-01-01

A fiber optic sensor which enables noncontact measurement of the speed, torque and power of a rotating shaft was fabricated and tested. The sensor provides a direct measurement of shaft rotational speed and shaft angular twist, from which torque and power can be determined. Angles of twist between 0.005 and 10 degrees were measured. Sensor resolution is limited by the sampling rate of the analog to digital converter, while accuracy is dependent on the spot size of the focused beam on the shaft. Increasing the sampling rate improves measurement resolution, and decreasing the focused spot size increases accuracy. Digital processing allows for enhancement of an electronically or optically degraded signal.

A fiber optic sensor for noncontact measurement of shaft speed, torque and power

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Madzsar, George C.

1990-01-01

A fiber optic sensor which enables noncontact measurement of the speed, torque and power of a rotating shaft was fabricated and tested. The sensor provides a direct measurement of shaft rotational speed and shaft angular twist, from which torque and power can be determined. Angles of twist between 0.005 and 10 degrees were measured. Sensor resolution is limited by the sampling rate of the analog to digital converter, while accuracy is dependent on the spot size of the focused beam on the shaft. Increasing the sampling rate improves measurement resolution, and decreasing the focused spot size increases accuracy. Digital processing allows for enhancement of an electronically or optically degraded signal.

Simulation of IST Turbomachinery Power-Neutral Tests with the ANL Plant Dynamics Code

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Moisseytsev, A.; Sienicki, J. J.

The validation of the Plant Dynamics Code (PDC) developed at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) for the steady-state and transient analysis of supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) systems has been continued with new test data from the Naval Nuclear Laboratory (operated by Bechtel Marine Propulsion Corporation) Integrated System Test (IST). Although data from three runs were provided to ANL, only two of the data sets were analyzed and described in this report. The common feature of these tests is the power-neutral operation of the turbine-compressor shaft, where no external power through the alternator was provided during the tests. Instead, the shaft speedmore » was allowed to change dictated by the power balance between the turbine, the compressor, and the power losses in the shaft. The new test data turned out to be important for code validation for several reasons. First, the power-neutral operation of the shaft allows validation of the shaft dynamics equations in asynchronous mode, when the shaft is disconnected from the grid. Second, the shaft speed control with the compressor recirculation (CR) valve not only allows for testing the code control logic itself, but it also serves as a good test for validation of both the compressor surge control and the turbine bypass control actions, since the effect of the CR action on the loop conditions is similar for both of these controls. Third, the varying compressor-inlet temperature change test allows validation of the transient response of the precooler, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The first transient simulation of the compressor-inlet temperature variation Test 64661 showed a much slower calculated response of the precooler in the calculations than the test data. Further investigation revealed an error in calculating the heat exchanger tube mass for the PDC dynamic equations that resulted in a slower change in the tube wall temperature than measured. The transient calculations for both tests were done in two steps. The first step was done in the same fashion as the FY15 IST analysis, where the CR valve position and the turbine-compressor shaft speed were specified through the PDC input based on the test values. On the second step, the turbine-compressor shaft dynamics equations were invoked by specifying that the shaft is disconnected from the grid. In addition, the CR valve control was used to control the shaft speed, based on the turbine bypass control logic already implemented in the PDC. For the shaft power balance, the friction (windage) loss is calculated based on the shaft balance at the steady-state conditions and is assumed to be scaled to the third power of shaft speed in the transient. Both the steady-state and transient simulations of both tests showed good agreement with the test data. The only significant difference was the turbine performance, which was not predicted as well as it was in the previous IST simulation, resulting in the prediction of a somewhat different flow split between the two turbines. This flow split difference is believed to be the result of not addressing the recent turbine modifications in the model. In addition, the full simulation of the turbine-compressor speed variation Test 65261-P with shaft speed control showed greater a difference with the test data later in the transient than the other test. Further analysis of the results revealed that this difference is most likely due to scaling the shaft windage losses only with the shaft speed and ignoring its dependency on the fluid density in the shaft cavity. Based on the results of steady state and transient calculations of the Tests 64661 and 65216-P, several areas of future improvements for the PDC simulation of the IST are identified.« less

75 FR 48618 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Model AS-365N2, AS 365 N3, and SA-365N1 Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-11

... aluminum tail rotor (T/R) blade pitch control shaft with a steel T/R blade pitch control shaft. This... are intended to prevent failure of the T/R blade pitch control shaft, loss of T/R control, and... an aluminum T/R blade pitch control shaft, part number (P/N) 365A33.6161.20 or P/N 365A33.6161.21...

Gearbox Reliability Collaborative Investigation of Gearbox Motion and High-Speed-Shaft Loads

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Keller, Jon; Guo, Yi; Sethuraman, Latha

2016-03-18

This paper extends a model-to-test validation effort to examine the effect of different constant rotor torque and moment conditions and intentional generator misalignment on the gearbox motion and high-speed-shaft loads. Fully validating gearbox motion and high-speed-shaft loads across a range of test conditions is a critical precursor to examining the bearing loads, as the gearbox motion and high-speed-shaft loads are the drivers of these bearing loads.

Proposed design procedure for transmission shafting under fatigue loading

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Loewenthal, S. H.

1978-01-01

A new standard for the design of transmission shafting is reported. Computed was the diameter of rotating solid steel shafts under combined cyclic bending and steady torsion is presented. The formula is based on an elliptical variation of endurance strength with torque exhibited by combined stress fatigue data. Fatigue factors are cited to correct specimen bending endurance strength data for use in the shaft formula. A design example illustrates how the method is to be applied.

A Foil Thrust Bearing Test Rig for Evaluation of High Temperature Performance and Durability

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-04-01

composed of similar elements used in journal bearings, but are designed to support a shaft axially. Often, discrete compliant pads are attached... shaft designed to mate with a test thrust runner. The runner is mounted to the shaft with four high strength bolts, and an interference fit ensures...attached to the drive is able to stop the spindle quickly through dynamic braking of the shaft rotational energy. This spindle arrangement has

Cooling Acoustic Transcucer with Heat Pipes

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-07-19

circuits to a heat sink. [0009] In Kan et al (United States Patent No. 6,528,909), a spindle motor assembly is disclosed which has a shaft with an...integral heat pipe. The shaft with the integral heat pipe improves the thermal conductively of the shaft and the spindle motor assembly. The shaft ...2) Description of the Prior Art [0004] It is known in the art that transducers, designed to project acoustic power, are often limited by the

Securing Bearing Races To Turbopump Shafts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blount, Dale H.

1990-01-01

Proposed method of attaching inner race of roller bearing to shaft prevents loosening now caused by difference between coefficients of thermal expansion of race and shaft materials. Intended for cryogenic turbopump in which race made of 440C stainless-steel alloy and shaft made of Inconel(R) 100 nickel alloy. Flanges of race replaced by tension bands that shrink faster as they are cooled. Tension band engages race on slightly sloping surface so axial forces do not dislodge it.

10 CFR 60.102 - Concepts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... openings and backfill materials, but excluding shafts, boreholes, and their seals, is designated the... structure, including openings and backfill materials, but excluding, shafts, boreholes, and their seals. (2... includes sealing of shafts. Permanent closure represents the end of active human intervention with respect...

MOVING SHAFT FORMS FROM PIER #2 TO PIER #1. View ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

MOVING SHAFT FORMS FROM PIER #2 TO PIER #1. View is to the northeast, with shaft forms being moved by highline - South Fork Trinity River Bridge, State Highway 299 spanning South Fork Trinity River, Salyer, Trinity County, CA

Design of inclined loaded drilled shafts in high-plasticity clay environment.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-05-01

Drilled shaft foundations are principally used to support many structures such as bridge piers, towers, : buildings, transmission towers, and roadway cable barriers. This research focuses on the use of drilled shafts : in the cable median barrier sys...

FRICTION-FREE BALANCE

DOEpatents

Carson, N.J. Jr.; Ostrander, H.W.; Munter, C.N.

1964-03-01

A weighing device having a load-supporting vertical shaft buoyed up by mutually repellant magnets is described. The shaft is aligned by an air bearing and has an air gage to sense vertical displacement caused by weights placed on the top end of the shaft. (AEC)

Preparation and testing of drilled shafts with self-consolidating concrete.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-06-01

In this study, self-consolidating concrete (SCC) was evaluated in drilled shafts and the : integrity of drilled shafts was determined using cross-hole sonic logging (CSL), a low-strain : nondestructive integrity testing technique. SCC has very high f...

Naval electrochemical corrosion reducer

DOEpatents

Clark, Howard L.

1991-10-01

A corrosion reducer for use with ships having a hull, a propeller mounted a propeller shaft and extending through the hull, bearings supporting the shaft, at least one thrust bearing and one seal. The improvement includes a current collector and a current reduction assembly for reducing the voltage between the hull and shaft in order to reduce corrosion due to electrolytic action. The current reduction assembly includes an electrical contact, the current collector, and the hull. The current reduction assembly further includes a device for sensing and measuring the voltage between the hull and the shaft and a device for applying a reverse voltage between the hull and the shaft so that the resulting voltage differential is from 0 to 0.05 volts. The current reduction assembly further includes a differential amplifier having a voltage differential between the hull and the shaft. The current reduction assembly further includes an amplifier and a power output circuit receiving signals from the differential amplifier and being supplied by at least one current supply. The current selector includes a brush assembly in contact with a slip ring over the shaft so that its potential may be applied to the differential amplifier.

Assembling of Steel Angle Headframe of Multifunctional Purpose

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kassikhina, E. G.; Pershin, V. V.; Volkov, V. M.

2017-10-01

The article reviews new technical solution on equipment provision of vertical shaft utilizing steel headframe of multifunctional purpose. Practice of construction of coal and ore mines provides application of various designs for steel angle headframes which are divided into separate large assembly blocks and constructive elements during assembling operations. Design of these blocks and elements, their weight and dimensions effect the chose of the method of assembling on which economic and technological indicators, as well as duration of down-time, depend on during performance of construction operations in shaft. The technical solution on equipment provision for mine vertical shaft using headframe of multifunctional purpose will allow changing the management construction of vertical shaft. The proposed headframe combines the functions of sinking and operation that eliminates costs for assembling/dissembling of temporary headgear. The constructive design of the headgear allows application of the effective method of assembly and thus to provide improvement of the technical and economic indexes, and high calendar time rate of the shaft construction due to reduction of duration of works on equipment provision for the shaft and to refurbishment of the shaft in order to carry out horizontal mining.

Spiral groove seal. [for hydraulic rotating shaft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ludwig, L. P. (Inventor)

1973-01-01

Mating flat surfaces inhibit leakage of a fluid around a stationary shaft. A spiral groove pattern produces a pumping action toward the fluid when the shaft rotates which prevents leakage while a generated hydraulic lifting force separates the mating surfaces to minimize wear.

Defining the upper viscosity limit for mineral slurries used in drilled shaft construction : [summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-02-01

Many structures built on Floridas variable, sandy : soils require deep foundations, such as pilings. : Although pilings may be more familiar, drilled : shafts are also often used. Drilled shafts require : less expensive equipment and create less o...

Comparison of conventional and self-consolidating concrete for drilled shaft construction : [tech summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-04-01

Significant anomalies have been observed in many of the recent drilled shaft construction projects throughout Louisiana. : The anomalies typically occur in the form of honeycombing within the zones of heavy reinforcement or sometimes at the : shaft b...

Interaction between drilled shaft and mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) wall : technical report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-04-01

Drilled shafts are being constructed within the reinforced zone of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls especially in the case of overpass bridges where the drilled shafts carry the bridge deck or traffic signs. The interaction between the drill...

Load and resistance factor design of drilled shafts in shale for lateral loading.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-04-01

A research project involving 32 drilled shaft load tests was undertaken to establish LRFD procedures for : design of drilled shafts subjected to lateral loads. Tests were performed at two Missouri Department of : Transportation (MoDOT) geotechnical r...

Design of a Control Moment Gyroscope Attitude Actuation System for the Attitude Control Subsystem Proving Ground

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

57 3.4.3 Rotor Bearing Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 3.4.4 Rotor Shaft Design ...66 3.5.2 Gimbal Bearing Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 3.5.3 Gimbal Shaft Design ...63 3.14 Rotor Shaft Design

Infrared thermal integrity testing quality assurance test method to detect drilled shaft defects.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-06-01

Thermal integrity profiling uses the measured temperature generated in curing concrete to assess the quality of cast in place concrete foundations (i.e. drilled shafts or ACIP piles) which can include effective shaft size (diameter and length), anoma...

A Monograph of Papuan Psychodidae, Including Phlebotomus (Diptera)

DTIC Science & Technology

1967-10-10

176. aponesos Quale 177. spinacia n. sp. 178. echinata n. sp. 179. veses n. sp. 𔃺:;&040.;1$. 180. concinna n. sp. 181. hastata n. sp. 182. serpentina ...fig. 81f. 182. serpentina 59 (44). Aedeagus simple, composed only of main shaft 60 Aedeagus bipartite, compost.’<i of main and lateral shafts 62 60 (59...paramere composed of pair of slender, setose lobes 182. serpentina 65 (64). Lateral shaft of aedeagus extends to tip of main shaft; dististyle longer

Fatigue criterion for the design of rotating shafts under combined stress

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Loewenthal, S. H.

1977-01-01

A revised approach to the design of transmission shafting which considers the flexure fatigue characteristics of the shaft material under combined cyclic bending and static torsion stress is presented. A fatigue failure relation, corroborated by published combined stress test data, is presented which shows an elliptical variation of reversed bending endurance strength with static torsional stress. From this elliptical failure relations, a design formula for computing the diameter of rotating solid shafts under the most common condition of loading is developed.

Motor/generator

DOEpatents

Hickam, Christopher Dale [Glasford, IL

2008-05-13

A motor/generator is provided for connecting between a transmission input shaft and an output shaft of a prime mover. The motor/generator may include a motor/generator housing, a stator mounted to the motor/generator housing, a rotor mounted at least partially within the motor/generator housing and rotatable about a rotor rotation axis, and a transmission-shaft coupler drivingly coupled to the rotor. The transmission-shaft coupler may include a clamp, which may include a base attached to the rotor and a plurality of adjustable jaws.

Repair of the Czar Shaft sinkhole

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Deatherage, J.D.; Starkey, J.; Gustavson, N.

1996-12-31

After a Portion of the Queen Mine parking lot collapsed into a sinkhole, an engineering study was conducted to confirm that the cause of the damage was settlement into the Czar Shaft in Bisbee, Arizona. Historical records were researched to describe and locate the original shaft, and a seismic refraction survey was performed to define the foundation conditions within and around the shaft. Recommended mitigation measures were developed to repair the parking lot. Mitigation included design and construction of a flexible geosynthetic cap and telltale settlement monitoring system.

The influence of disk's flexibility on coupling vibration of shaft disk blades systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Chia-Hao; Huang, Shyh-Chin

2007-03-01

The coupling vibrations among shaft-torsion, disk-transverse and blade-bending in a shaft-disk-blades unit are investigated. The equations of motion for the shaft-disk-blades unit are first derived from the energy approach in conjunction with the assumed modes method. The effects of disk flexibility, blade's stagger angle and rotational speed upon the natural frequencies and mode shapes are particularly studied. Previous studies have shown that there were four types of coupling modes, the shaft-blade (SB), the shaft-disk-blades (SDBs), the disk-blades (DB) and the blade-blade (BB) in such a unit. The present research focuses on the influence of disk flexibility on the coupling behavior and discovers that disk's flexibility strongly affects the modes bifurcation and the transition of modes. At slightly flexible disk, the BB modes bifurcate into BB and DB modes. As disk goes further flexible, SB modes shift into SDB modes. If it goes furthermore, additional disk-predominating modes are generated and DB modes appear before the SDB mode. Examination of stagger angle β proves that at two extreme cases; at β=0° the shaft and blades coupled but not the disk, and at β=90° the disk and blades coupled but not the shaft. In between, coupling exists among three components. Increasing β may increase or decrease SB modes, depending on which, the disk or shaft's first mode, is more rigid. The natural frequencies of DB modes usually decrease with the increase of β. Rotation effects show that bifurcation, veering and merging phenomena occur due to disk flexibility. Disk flexibility is also observed to induce more critical speeds in the SDBs systems.

Femoral Shaft Torsion in Injured and Uninjured Ballet Dancers and Its Association with Other Hip Measures: A Cross-sectional Study.

PubMed

Hafiz, Eliza; Hiller, Claire E; Nicholson, Leslie L; Nightingale, Elizabeth J; Grimaldi, Alison; Refshauge, Kathryn M

2016-03-01

Low range femoral torsion, termed "lateral shaft torsion," has been associated with greater range of hip external rotation and turnout in dancers. It is also hypothesized that achieving greater turnout at the hip minimizes torsion at the knee, shank, ankle, and foot, and consequently reduces incidence of lower limb injuries. The primary aims of this study were to investigate: 1. differences in range of femoral shaft torsion between dancers with and without lower limb injuries; and 2. the relationship between femoral shaft torsion, hip external rotation range, and turnout. A secondary aim was to examine the relationship between femoral shaft torsion and other hip measures: hip strength, lower limb joint hypermobility, hip stability, and foot progression angle, as explanatory variables. Demographic, dance, and injury data were collected, along with physical measures of femoral shaft torsion, hip rotation range of motion, and turnout. Hip strength, control, lower limb hypermobility, and foot progression angle were also measured. Eighty female dancers, 50 with lower limb injury (20.7 ± 4.8 years of age) and 30 without lower limb injury (17.8 ± 4.1 years of age), participated in the study. There was no difference in range of femoral shaft torsion between the groups (p = 0.941). Femoral shaft torsion was weakly correlated with range of hip external rotation (r = -0.034, p = 0.384) and turnout (r = -0.066, p = 0.558). Injured dancers had a significantly longer training history than non-injured dancers (p = 0.001). It was concluded that femoral shaft torsion does not appear to be associated with the overall incidence of lower limb injury in dancers or to be a primary factor influencing extent of turnout in this population.

33 Shafts Category of Transuranic Waste Stored Below Ground within Area G

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hargis, Kenneth Marshall; Monk, Thomas H

This report compiles information to support the evaluation of alternatives and analysis of regulatory paths forward for the 33 shafts. The historical information includes a form completed by waste generators for each waste package (Reference 6) that included a waste description, estimates of Pu-239 and uranium-235 (U-235) based on an accounting technique, and calculations of mixed fission products (MFP) based on radiation measurements. A 1979 letter and questionnaire (Reference 7) provides information on waste packaging of hot cell waste and the configuration of disposal shafts as storage in the 33 Shafts was initiated. Tables of data by waste package weremore » developed during a review of historical documents that was performed in 2005 (Reference 8). Radiological data was coupled with material-type data to estimate the initial isotopic content of each waste package and an Oak Ridge National Laboratory computer code was used to calculate 2009 decay levels. Other sources of information include a waste disposal logbook for the 33 shafts (Reference 9), reports that summarize remote-handled waste generated at the CMR facility (Reference 10) and placement of waste in the 33 shafts (Reference 11), a report on decommissioning of the LAMPRE reactor (Reference 12), interviews with an employee and manager involved in placing waste in the 33 shafts (References 13 and 14), an interview with a long-time LANL employee involved in waste operations (Reference 15), a 2002 plan for disposition of remote-handled TRU waste (Reference 16), and photographs obtained during field surveys of several shafts in 2007. The WIPP Central Characterization Project (CCP) completed an Acceptable Knowledge (AK) summary report for 16 canisters of remote-handled waste from the CMR Facility that contains information relevant to the 33 Shafts on hot-cell operations and timeline (Reference 17).« less

Radioactive hot cell access hole decontamination machine

DOEpatents

Simpson, William E.

1982-01-01

Radioactive hot cell access hole decontamination machine. A mobile housing has an opening large enough to encircle the access hole and has a shielding door, with a door opening and closing mechanism, for uncovering and covering the opening. The housing contains a shaft which has an apparatus for rotating the shaft and a device for independently translating the shaft from the housing through the opening and access hole into the hot cell chamber. A properly sized cylindrical pig containing wire brushes and cloth or other disks, with an arrangement for releasably attaching it to the end of the shaft, circumferentially cleans the access hole wall of radioactive contamination and thereafter detaches from the shaft to fall into the hot cell chamber.

10 CFR 63.133 - Design testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... design, such as, for example, borehole and shaft seals, backfill, and drip shields, as well as the... placement is begun. (d) Tests must be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of borehole, shaft, and ramp seals before full-scale operation proceeds to seal boreholes, shafts, and ramps. ...

Interaction between drilled shaft and mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) wall : project summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-08-31

Drilled shafts are being constructed within the reinforced zone of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls (Figure 1). The drilled shafts may be subjected to horizontal loads and push against the front of the wall. Distress of MSE wall panels has b...

Development of a Database for Drilled SHAft Foundation Testing (DSHAFT).

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-06-01

Drilled shafts have been used in the US for more than 100 years in bridges and buildings as a deep foundation alternative. For many of these applications, the drilled shafts were designed using the Working Stress Design (WSD) approach. Even though WS...

7. ENTRANCE VIEW OF ELEVATOR SHAFT AT GROUND LEVEL. VIEW ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. ENTRANCE VIEW OF ELEVATOR SHAFT AT GROUND LEVEL. VIEW SHOWS VERTICAL LADDER AND CAGE ALONG ELEVATOR SHAFT. - U.S. Naval Base, Pearl Harbor, Signal Tower, Corner of Seventh Street & Avenue D east of Drydock No. 1, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

Eddy Current Sensing of Torque in Rotating Shafts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Varonis, Orestes J.; Ida, Nathan

2013-12-01

The noncontact torque sensing in machine shafts is addressed based on the stress induced in a press-fitted magnetoelastic sleeve on the shaft and eddy current sensing of the changes of electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability due to the presence of stress. The eddy current probe uses dual drive, dual sensing coils whose purpose is increased sensitivity to torque and decreased sensitivity to variations in distance between probe and shaft (liftoff). A mechanism of keeping the distance constant is also employed. Both the probe and the magnetoelastic sleeve are evaluated for performance using a standard eddy current instrument. An eddy current instrument is also used to drive the coils and analyze the torque data. The method and sensor described are general and adaptable to a variety of applications. The sensor is suitable for static and rotating shafts, is independent of shaft diameter and operational over a large range of torques. The torque sensor uses a differential eddy current measurement resulting in cancellation of common mode effects including temperature and vibrations.

Mechanism of magnetic liquid flowing in the magnetic liquid seal gap of reciprocating shaft

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Decai; Xu, Haiping; He, Xinzhi; Lan, Huiqing

2005-03-01

In order to solve the problems that exist in the magnetic liquid seal of reciprocating shaft, we have set up an experimental facility, which composes a camera, microscope, step-by-step motor, pin roller screw, reciprocating motion shaft, pole pieces, permanent magnet and the magnetic liquid in the seal gap. Through the optical technology and image process of the experimental facility, we have studied the magnetic liquid flow in the seal gap when the reciprocating shaft moves with different velocities and strokes. This study specially concentrates on: (1) the regular pattern of such flow; (2) the loss quantity of magnetic liquid caused by the reciprocating motion shaft; (3) the failure reasons of this magnetic liquid seal; and (4) the design of a new structure for the magnetic liquid seal of reciprocating shaft. The application indicates that the new structure is very effective in some occasions. The new structure was accepted as the state patent in 2001 and authenticated as the achievement in the scientific research in 2002.

Stagger angle dependence of inertial and elastic coupling in bladed disks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crawley, E. F.; Mokadam, D. R.

1984-01-01

Conditions which necessitate the inclusion of disk and shaft flexibility in the analysis of blade response in rotating blade-disk-shaft systems are derived in terms of nondimensional parameters. A simple semianalytical Rayleigh-Ritz model is derived in which the disk possesses all six rigid body degrees of freedom, which are elastically constrained by the shaft. Inertial coupling by the rigid body motion of the disk on a flexible shaft and out-of-plane elastic coupling due to disk flexure are included. Frequency ratios and mass ratios, which depend on the stagger angle, are determined for three typical rotors: a first stage high-pressure core compressor, a high bypass ratio fan, and an advanced turboprop. The stagger angle controls the degree of coupling in the blade-disk system. In the blade-disk-shaft system, the stagger angle determines whether blade-disk motion couples principally to the out-of-plane or in-plane motion of the disk on the shaft. The Ritz analysis shows excellent agreement with experimental results.

Shaft instantaneous angular speed for blade vibration in rotating machine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gubran, Ahmed A.; Sinha, Jyoti K.

2014-02-01

Reliable blade health monitoring (BHM) in rotating machines like steam turbines and gas turbines, is a topic of research since decades to reduce machine down time, maintenance costs and to maintain the overall safety. Transverse blade vibration is often transmitted to the shaft as torsional vibration. The shaft instantaneous angular speed (IAS) is nothing but the representing the shaft torsional vibration. Hence the shaft IAS has been extracted from the measured encoder data during machine run-up to understand the blade vibration and to explore the possibility of reliable assessment of blade health. A number of experiments on an experimental rig with a bladed disk were conducted with healthy but mistuned blades and with different faults simulation in the blades. The measured shaft torsional vibration shows a distinct difference between the healthy and the faulty blade conditions. Hence, the observations are useful for the BHM in future. The paper presents the experimental setup, simulation of blade faults, experiments conducted, observations and results.

Research of rotating machinery vibration parameters - Shaft speed relationship

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kostyukov, V. N.; Kostyukov, A. V.; Zaytsev, A. V.; Teterin, A. O.

2017-08-01

The paper considers the relationship between the parameters of the vibration arising in rotating machinery during operation and the shaft speed. The goal of this paper is to determine the dependence of the vibration parameters on the shaft speed for solving applied engineering problems. To properly evaluate the technical condition of bearing assemblies, we should take into account the pattern of the rotating machinery vibration parameters-shaft speed relationship, which will allow creating new diagnostic features, the totality of which will ensure an increased reliability of diagnosis. We took the check for a correlation between the factor and resultative feature parameters as the correlation analysis method. A high pair linear correlation between the diagnostic features (acceleration, velocity, displacement) and the shaft speed was determined on the basis of the check for correlation between the vibration parameters and the shaft speed, and also the linear correlation coefficients can be used to solve the applied engineering problems of diagnosing the bearing assemblies of the rotating machinery.

High Pressure Rotary Shaft Sealing Mechanism

DOEpatents

Dietle, Lannie; Gobeli, Jeffrey D.

2001-05-08

A laterally translatable pressure staged rotary shaft sealing mechanism having a seal housing with a shaft passage therein being exposed to a fluid pressure P1 and with a rotary shaft being located within the shaft passage. At least one annular laterally translatable seal carrier is provided. First and second annular resilient sealing elements are supported in axially spaced relation by the annular seal carriers and have sealing relation with the rotary shaft. The seal housing and at least one seal carrier define a first pressure staging chamber exposed to the first annular resilient sealing element and a second pressure staging chamber located between and exposed to the first and second annular resilient sealing elements. A first fluid is circulated to the first pressure chamber at a pressure P1, and a second staging pressure fluid is circulated to the second pressure chamber at a fraction of pressure P1 to achieve pressure staging, cooling of the seals. Seal placement provides hydraulic force balancing of the annular seal carriers.

Progress report 3 of cooperative program for design, fabrication, and testing of high modulus composite helicopter shafting

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wright, C. C.; Baker, D. J.

1980-01-01

This report describes the third phase of work, the objective of which was to overcome the excessive brittleness of the previously developed UH-1 helicopter tail rotor drive shaft design which demonstrated a shaft train weight savings of 53.1% over the current 2024-T3 aluminum shaft train. A materials impact program demonstrated exceptionally noteworthy performance of two woven constructions containing E-glass and PRD 49-III (designation later changed to KEVLAR 49) fibers in an epoxy resin matrix. Thermoplastic matrices and PRD 49-III fiber provided impact resistance at low weight which was superior to composites having the same fiber in a thermoset resin matrix. A design, fabrication, and test program showed that shaft impact resistance could be improved over the previously developed graphite composite design at a cost in shaft train rate savings. The shaft train weight savings of the most impact tolerant construction was 4.0% over the current aluminum shaft train. Alternating plies of graphite and glass appear to provide substantially greater tube impact durability than that provided by hybridization of the two fibers into one tape wound to a ply design equivalent in strength and stiffness to that of the alternating ply design. Recommendations were made to continue research work to exploit the potential for more impact-durable structures through the use of KEVLAR 49 fiber, woven structures, thermoplastic matrices and THORNEL 50-S/KEVLAR 49 blends with thermoset matrices.

Hydromechanical transmission with three simple planetary assemblies, one sun gear being mounted on the output shaft and the other two on a common shaft connected to an input-driven hydraulic module

DOEpatents

Orshansky, Jr., deceased, Elias; Weseloh, William E.

1978-01-01

A power transmission having three simple planetary assemblies, each having its own carrier and its own planet, sun, and ring gears. A speed-varying module is connected in driving relation to the input shaft and in driving relationship to the sun gears of the first two planetary assemblies, these two sun gears being connected together on a common shaft. The speed-varying means may comprise a pair of hydraulic units hydraulically interconnected so that one serves as a pump while the other serves as a motor and vice versa, one of the units having a variable stroke and being connected in driving relation to the input shaft, the other unit, which may have a fixed stroke, being connected in driving relation to the sun gears. The input shaft is also connected to drive the second ring gear and, furthermore is clutchable to the carrier of the third planetary assembly. A brake grounds the first carrier in the first range and in reverse and causes drive to be delivered to the output through the first ring gear in a hydrostatic mode. The carrier of the second planetary assembly drives the ring gear of the third planetary assembly, which is clutchable to the output shaft, and the sun gear of the third planetary assembly is mounted rigidly to the output shaft.

Assessment of destabilizing factor for automatic control systems in propulsion systems of mechatronic and maritime transport objects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhilenkov, A. A.; Kapitonov, A. A.

2017-10-01

It is known that many of today’s ships and vessels have a shaft generator as a part of their power plants. Modern automatic control systems used in the world’s fleet do not enable their shaft generators to operate in parallel with the main diesel generators for long-term sustenance of the total load of the ship network. On the other hand, according to our calculations and experiments, a shaft generator operated in parallel with the main power plant helps save at least 10% of fuel while making the power system of the ship more efficient, reliable, and eco-friendly. The fouling and corrosion of the propeller as well as the weather conditions of navigation affect its modulus of resistance. It changes the free component of the transient process of shaft generator stress frequency changes in transient processes. While the shaft generator and the diesel generator of the ship power plant are paralleled, there emerges an angle between their EMF. This results in equalizing currents generated between them. The altering torque in the drive-shaft line—propeller system causes torsional fluctuations of the ship shaft line. To compensate for the effect of destabilizing factors and torsional fluctuations of the shaft line on the dynamic characteristics of the transient process that alters the RPM of the main engine, sliding mode controls can be used. To synthesize such a control, one has to evaluate the effect of destabilizing factors.

7. DETAIL VIEW NORTH OF TURBINE OUTPUT SHAFT, FLYWHEEL (RIGHT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. DETAIL VIEW NORTH OF TURBINE OUTPUT SHAFT, FLYWHEEL (RIGHT CENTER), VERTICAL SHAFT TO GOVERNOR WITH RACK-AND-PINION GEARING (LEFT), AND BELTS - Willimantic Linen Company, Mill No. 1, Immediately West of South Main Street, North Bank of Willimantic River, Windham, Windham County, CT

1. AIR/MANWAY SHAFT WALL AND FAN HOUSE FOUNDATION WALL FROM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. AIR/MANWAY SHAFT WALL AND FAN HOUSE FOUNDATION WALL FROM NORTHWEST. AEROVANE FAN AT UPPER LEFT, SCAFFOLD AND LEPLEY VENTILATOR AT UPPER RIGHT. - Consolidation Coal Company Mine No. 11, Air-Manway Shaft, East side of State Route 936, Midlothian, Allegany County, MD

Development of preliminary load and resistance factor design of drilled shafts in Iowa : [tech transfer summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-10-01

Despite possessing several advantages, drilled shafts are used infrequently : in Iowa. The soil conditions in several regions of the state are ideal for : using this foundation option. The reasons for the limited use of drilled : shafts can be attrib...

Improvement of the geotechnical axial design methodology for Colorado's drilled shafts socketed in weak rocks

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-07-01

Drilled shaft foundations embedded in weak rock formations (e.g., Denver blue claystone and sandstone) support a significant portion of bridges in Colorado. Since the 1960s, empirical methods and rules of thumb have been used to design drilled shafts...

Development of a Database for Drilled SHAft Foundation Testing (DSHAFT) : tech transfer summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-06-01

Drilled shafts have been used in the US for more than 100 years in bridges and buildings as a deep foundation alternative. For many of these applications, the drilled shafts were designed using the Working Stress Design (WSD) approach. Even though WS...

Drilled shaft resistance based on diameter, torque and crowd (drilling resistance vs. rock strength) phase II [summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-05-01

Over the past 20 years, drilled shafts have demonstrated increasing popularity over driven : precast piles. Drilled shafts can accommodate a wider range of sizes, and noise and vibration : during construction are significantly reduced. On the other h...

29. Basement under central corridor. Shaft on right actuates cross ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

29. Basement under central corridor. Shaft on right actuates cross over valve. Shaft at left operates main flood valve to admit water into the bed. - Lake Whitney Water Filtration Plant, Filtration Plant, South side of Armory Street between Edgehill Road & Whitney Avenue, Hamden, New Haven County, CT

76 FR 64283 - Airworthiness Directives; Rolls-Royce plc (RR) Turbofan Engines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-18

... currently requires inspecting the intermediate-pressure (IP) compressor rotor shaft rear balance land for...-Trent 800 IP compressor rotor shafts that have been found cracked. This proposed AD would continue to... identified above could lead to IP compressor rotor shaft failure, uncontained engine failure, and damage to...

Pile/shaft designs using artificial neural networks (i.e., genetic programming) with spatial variability considerations.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-03-01

The work focused on the improvement of FB-DEEPs prediction of skin and tip resistance of concrete : piles and drilled shafts in Florida. For the work, data from 19 concrete pile sites and 18 drilled shaft sites were : collected. This included 458 ...

78 FR 54149 - Airworthiness Directives; Rolls-Royce plc (RR) Turbofan Engines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-03

...-10-12 required inspecting the intermediate-pressure (IP) compressor rotor shaft rear balance land for... Trent 500 IP compressor rotor shaft rear balance land during a shop visit. Further engineering... AD to detect cracking on the IP compressor rotor shaft rear balance land, which could lead to...

14 CFR 29.931 - Shafting critical speed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Shafting critical speed. 29.931 Section 29... speed. (a) The critical speeds of any shafting must be determined by demonstration except that...) If any critical speed lies within, or close to, the operating ranges for idling, power-on, and...

14 CFR 27.931 - Shafting critical speed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Shafting critical speed. 27.931 Section 27... speed. (a) The critical speeds of any shafting must be determined by demonstration except that...) If any critical speed lies within, or close to, the operating ranges for idling, power on, and...

14 CFR 27.931 - Shafting critical speed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Shafting critical speed. 27.931 Section 27... speed. (a) The critical speeds of any shafting must be determined by demonstration except that...) If any critical speed lies within, or close to, the operating ranges for idling, power on, and...

14 CFR 29.931 - Shafting critical speed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Shafting critical speed. 29.931 Section 29... speed. (a) The critical speeds of any shafting must be determined by demonstration except that...) If any critical speed lies within, or close to, the operating ranges for idling, power-on, and...

8. Generator Barrel and Shaft of Unit 1, view to ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. Generator Barrel and Shaft of Unit 1, view to the northwest, with turbine shaft and thrust bearing visible in upper center of photograph. - Washington Water Power Clark Fork River Noxon Rapids Hydroelectric Development, Powerhouse, South bank of Clark Fork River at Noxon Rapids, Noxon, Sanders County, MT

Field instrumentation, monitoring of drilled shafts for landslide stabilization and development of pertinent design method.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-11-01

The design method for using a single row, spaced drilled shafts, socketed into a firm rock strata, to stabilize : an unstable slope has been developed in this research. The soil arching due to the presence of spaced : drilled shafts in a slope was ob...

VARIABLE AREA CONTROL ROD FOR NUCLEAR REACTOR

DOEpatents

Huston, N.E.

1960-05-01

A control rod is described which permits continual variation of its absorbing strength uniformly along the length of the rod. The rod is fail safe and is fully inserted into the core but changes in its absorbing strength do not produce axial flux distortion. The control device comprises a sheet containing a material having a high thermal-neutron absorption cross section. A pair of shafts engage the sheet along the longitudinal axis of the shafts and gears associated with the shafts permit winding and unwinding of the sheet around the shafts.

Numerical analysis on the action of centrifuge force in magnetic fluid rotating shaft seals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zou, Jibin; Li, Xuehui; Lu, Yongping; Hu, Jianhui

2002-11-01

The magnetic fluid seal is suitable for high-speed rotating shaft seal applications. Centrifuge force will have evident influence on magnetic fluid rotating shaft seals. The seal capacity of the rotating shaft seal can be improved or increased by some measures. Through hydrodynamic analysis the moving status of the magnetic fluid is worked out. By numerical method, the magnetic field and the isobars in the magnetic fluid of a seal device are computed. Then the influence of the centrifuge force on the magnetic fluid seal is calculated quantitatively.

Prestressed elastomer for energy storage

DOEpatents

Hoppie, Lyle O.; Speranza, Donald

1982-01-01

Disclosed is a regenerative braking device for an automotive vehicle. The device includes a power isolating assembly (14), an infinitely variable transmission (20) interconnecting an input shaft (16) with an output shaft (18), and an energy storage assembly (22). The storage assembly includes a plurality of elastomeric rods (44, 46) mounted for rotation and connected in series between the input and output shafts. The elastomeric rods are prestressed along their rotational or longitudinal axes to inhibit buckling of the rods due to torsional stressing of the rods in response to relative rotation of the input and output shafts.

Ball valve extractor

DOEpatents

Herndon, Charles; Brown, Roger A.

2002-01-01

An apparatus and process for removing a ball valve is provided. The ball valve removal tool provides a handle sliding along the length of a shaft. One end of the shaft is secured within an interior cavity of a ball valve while the opposite end of the shaft defines a stop member. By providing a manual sliding force to the handle, the handle impacts the stop member and transmits the force to the ball valve. The direction of the force is along the shaft of the removal tool and disengages the ball valve from the ball valve housing.

Liquid metal pump

DOEpatents

Pennell, William E.

1982-01-01

The liquid metal pump comprises floating seal rings and attachment of the pump diffuser to the pump bowl for isolating structural deflections from the pump shaft bearings. The seal rings also eliminate precision machining on large assemblies by eliminating the need for a close tolerance fit between the mounting surfaces of the pump and the seals. The liquid metal pump also comprises a shaft support structure that is isolated from the pump housing for better preservation of alignment of shaft bearings. The shaft support structure also allows for complete removal of pump internals for inspection and repair.

Computing Operating Characteristics Of Bearing/Shaft Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moore, James D.

1996-01-01

SHABERTH computer program predicts operating characteristics of bearings in multibearing load-support system. Lubricated and nonlubricated bearings modeled. Calculates loads, torques, temperatures, and fatigue lives of ball and/or roller bearings on single shaft. Provides for analysis of reaction of system to termination of supply of lubricant to bearings and other lubricated mechanical elements. Valuable in design and analysis of shaft/bearing systems. Two versions of SHABERTH available. Cray version (LEW-14860), "Computing Thermal Performances Of Shafts and Bearings". IBM PC version (MFS-28818), written for IBM PC-series and compatible computers running MS-DOS.

Inflatable device for installing strain gage bridges

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cook, C. E.; Smith, G. E.; Monaghan, R. C. (Inventor)

1983-01-01

Methods and devices for installing in a tubular shaft multiple strain gages are disclosed with focus on a method and a device for pneumatically forcing strain gages into seated engagement with the internal surfaces of a tubular shaft in an installation of multiple strain gages in a tubular shaft. The strain gages or other electron devices are seated in a template-like component which is wrapped about a pneumatically expansible body. The component is inserted into a shaft and the body is pneumatically expanded after a suitable adhesive was applied to the surfaces.

COAXIAL CONTROL ROD DRIVE MECHANISM FOR NEUTRONIC REACTORS

DOEpatents

Fox, R.J.; Oakes, L.C.

1959-04-14

A drive mechanism is presented for the control rod or a nuclear reactor. In this device the control rod is coupled to a drive shaft which extends coaxially through the rotor of an electric motor for relative rotation with respect thereto. A gear reduction mehanism is coupled between the rotor and the drive shaft to convert the rotary motion of the motor into linear motion of the shaft with a comparatively great reduction in speed, thereby providing relatively glow linear movement of the shaft and control rod for control purposes.

Design of power-transmitting shifts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Loewenthal, S. H.

1984-01-01

Power transmission shafting which is a vital element of all rotating machinery is discussed. Design methods, based on strength considerations for sizing shafts and axles to withstand both steady and fluctuating loads are summarized. The effects of combined bending, torsional, and axial loads are considered along with many application factors that are known to influence the fatigue strength of shafting materials. Methods are presented to account for variable amplitude loading histories and their influence on limited life designs. The influences of shaft rigidity, materials, and vibration on the design are discussed.

Proposed design procedure for transmission shafting under fatigue loading

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Loewenthal, S. H.

1978-01-01

The B106 American National Standards Committee is currently preparing a new standard for the design of transmission shafting. A design procedure, proposed for use in the new standard, for computing the diameter of rotating solid steel shafts under combined cyclic bending and steady torsion is presented. The formula is based on an elliptical variation of endurance strength with torque exhibited by combined stress fatigue data. Fatigue factors are cited to correct specimen bending endurance strength data for use in the shaft formula. A design example illustrates how the method is to be applied.

Straddle design of spiral bevel and hypoid pinions and gears

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Litvin, Faydor L.; Kuan, Chihping; Kieffer, Jonathan; Bossler, Robert; Handschuh, Robert F.

1990-01-01

The design of spiral bevel and hypoid gears that have a shaft extended from both sides of the cone apex (straddle design) is considered. A main difficulty of such a design is determining the length and diameter of the shaft that might be undercut by the head cutter during gear tooth generation. A method that determines the free space available for the gear shaft is proposed. The approach avoids collision between the shaft being designed and the head cutter during tooth generation. The approach is illustrated with a numerical example.

Design and Delivery of HMT Half-Shaft Prototype

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-11-01

spindle welded to the outer joint output is ease of Design  and Delivery of HMT Half‐ Shaft  Prototype    24    assembly. Flange 1 contains threaded... spindle , and splined shafts . Also, the spindle of the production design is splined to match the splines of the hub internals. 2.2. Analysis The...inner-joint (Figure 33). Design  and Delivery of HMT Half‐ Shaft  Prototype    27      Figure 33: FBD of Flange/ Spindle Applying Newton’s Laws to the

Electronic 4-wheel drive control device

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hayato, S.; Takanori, S.; Shigeru, H.; Tatsunori, S.

1984-01-01

The internal rotation torque generated during operation of a 4-wheel drive vehicle is reduced using a control device whose clutch is attached to one part of the rear-wheel drive shaft. One torque sensor senses the drive torque associated with the rear wheel drive shaft. A second sensor senses the drive torque associated with the front wheel drive shaft. Revolution count sensors sense the revolutions of each drive shaft. By means of a microcomputer, the engagement of the clutch is changed to insure that the ratio of the torque sensors remains constant.

Seismic Stability Evaluation of Ririe Dam and Reservoir Project. Report 1. Construction History and Field and Laboratory Studies. Volume 1. Main Text

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-01

truck Service truck Steel casing, 8-foot diameter with 3/4-inch wall thickness, was installed as the shaft was advanced. A shaft cover, constructed of... steel mats. was hoisted over the shaft at night for security. To obtain in-situ density tests at selected intervals in the bottom of the shaft...subcontractor installed the three wells using an air-rotary rig, and driving steel casing as the wells were advanced. He then perforated the casings

Flexible shaft and roof drilling system

DOEpatents

Blanz, John H.

1981-01-01

A system for drilling holes in the roof of a mine has a flexible shaft with a pair of oppositely wound, coaxial flat bands. One of the flat bands defines an inner spring that is wound right handed into a helical configuration, adjacent convolutions being in nesting relationship to one another. The other flat band defines an outer spring that is wound left handed into a helical configuration about the inner band, adjacent convolutions being nesting relationship with one another. A transition member that is configured to hold a rock bit is mounted to one end of the flexible shaft. When torque and thrust are applied to the flexible shaft by a driver, the inner spring expands outwardly and the outer spring contracts inwardly to form a relatively rigid shaft.

Grinding Method and Error Analysis of Eccentric Shaft Parts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Zhiming; Han, Qiushi; Li, Qiguang; Peng, Baoying; Li, Weihua

2017-12-01

RV reducer and various mechanical transmission parts are widely used in eccentric shaft parts, The demand of precision grinding technology for eccentric shaft parts now, In this paper, the model of X-C linkage relation of eccentric shaft grinding is studied; By inversion method, the contour curve of the wheel envelope is deduced, and the distance from the center of eccentric circle is constant. The simulation software of eccentric shaft grinding is developed, the correctness of the model is proved, the influence of the X-axis feed error, the C-axis feed error and the wheel radius error on the grinding process is analyzed, and the corresponding error calculation model is proposed. The simulation analysis is carried out to provide the basis for the contour error compensation.

Research on dynamic balancing simulation of rotary shaft based on ADAMS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Weiqiang; Rui, Chengjie; Yang, Jie; Liu, Pingyi

2018-02-01

Due to the design and processing technology of rotary shaft, the mass center of it does not coincide with the rotating axis of the rotary shaft and there is an unbalanced mass. The unbalanced mass can have some disadvantages, such as the centrifugal force, the vibration and so on. Those disadvantages could reduce the accuracy and service life of the equipment.In this paper, the dynamic balance of the rotary shaft is analysed by the theory analysis combined with the dynamic simulation software. This method ensures that the rotary shaft meets the dynamic balancing requirements during the design stage. It effectively supports the structural design of the rotary shift, and provides a way of thinking and method for the design and development of the same type of products.

Stirling engine control mechanism and method

DOEpatents

Dineen, John J.

1983-01-01

A reciprocating-to-rotating motion conversion and power control device for a Stirling engine includes a hub mounted on an offset portion of the output shaft for rotation relative to the shaft and for sliding motion therealong which causes the hub to tilt relative to the axis of rotation of the shaft. This changes the angle of inclination of the hub relative to the shaft axis and changes the axial stroke of a set of arms connected to the hub and nutating therewith. A hydraulic actuating mechanism is connected to the hub for moving its axial position along the shaft. A balancing wheel is linked to the hub and changes its angle of inclination as the angle of inclination of the hub changes to maintain the mechanism in perfect balance throughout its range of motion.

Heat generation and hemolysis at the shaft seal in centrifugal blood pumps.

PubMed

Araki, K; Taenaka, Y; Wakisaka, Y; Masuzawa, T; Tatsumi, E; Nakatani, T; Baba, Y; Yagura, A; Eya, K; Toda, K

1995-01-01

The heat and hemolysis around a shaft seal were investigated. Materials were original pumps (Nikkiso HMS-15:N-original, and 3M Delphin:D-original), vane-removed pumps (Nvane(-), Dvane(-)), and a small chamber with a shaft coiled by nichrome wire (mock pump). The original pumps were driven at 500 mmHg and 5 L/min, and vane-removed pumps were driven at the same rotation number. An electrical powers of 0, 0.5, 2, and 10 W was supplied to the mock pumps. In vitro hemolytic testing showed that hemolytic indices were 0.027 g/100 L in N-original, 0.013 in Nvane(-), 0.061 in D-original, and 0.012 in Dvane(-). Measurement of heat with a thermally insulated water chamber showed total heat within the pump of 8.62 and 10.85 W, and heat at the shaft seal of 0.87 and 0.62 W in the Nikkiso and Delphin pumps, respectively. Hemolysis and heat generation of mock pumps remained low. The results indicate that the heat generated around the shaft seal was minimal. Hemolysis at the shaft-seal was considerable but not major. Local heat did not affect hemolysis. It was concluded that the shaft-seal affected hemolysis, not by local heat but friction itself.

46 CFR 171.100 - Shaft tunnels and stern tubes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Shaft tunnels and stern tubes. 171.100 Section 171.100... PERTAINING TO VESSELS CARRYING PASSENGERS Additional Subdivision Requirements § 171.100 Shaft tunnels and... passengers on an international voyage. (b) The watertight seal in the bulkhead between the stern tube space...

77 FR 34870 - Airworthiness Directives; Bombardier, Inc. Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-12

... Bombardier, Inc. Model CL-600-2B19 (Regional Jet Series 100 & 440) airplanes. The existing AD currently requires a one-time inspection of the shafts of the main landing gear (MLG) side-brace fittings to detect...-brace fitting and replacing the side-brace fitting shaft with the re-designed side-brace fitting shaft...

30 CFR 77.1911 - Ventilation of slopes and shafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... or air contamination from any other source; (4) Equipped with an automatic signal device designed to... be examined before each shift and the quantity of air in the slope or shaft measured daily by a... connected to the slope or shaft opening with fireproof air ducts; (3) Designed to permit the reversal of the...

Improved Rotary Transformer For Shaft-Position Indicator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mclyman, W. T.

1991-01-01

Improved rotary transformer for Inductosyn (or equivalent) shaft-position-indicating circuit has pair of ferrite cores instead of the solid-iron cores. Designed with view toward decreasing excitation power (to maximum allowable 2 W) supplied to shaft-position-indicating circuit to increase its output signal and make tracking system less vulnerable to electromagnetic interference.

76 FR 37253 - Airworthiness Directives; Bombardier, Inc. Model DHC-8-400 Series Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-27

... reports have been received on the elevator power control units (PCUs) where the shaft (tailstock) swaged... power control units (PCUs) where the shaft (tailstock) swaged bearing liners had shown a higher than... and difficulties in aircraft pitch control. This directive mandates a free-play check of the shaft...

76 FR 17362 - Airworthiness Directives; Bombardier, Inc. Model DHC-8-400 Series Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-29

... elevator power control units (PCUs) where the shaft (tailstock) swaged bearing liners had shown a higher... on the elevator power control units (PCUs) where the shaft (tailstock) swaged bearing liners had...-play check of the shaft swaged bearing installed in the elevator PCU tailstock end and replacement of...

46 CFR 113.37-5 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT Shaft Speed and Thrust Indicators § 113.37-5 General requirements. (a) A vessel... station a propeller speed and direction indicator for each shaft. (b) A vessel equipped with controllable... speed and pitch position indicator for each shaft. [CGD 74-125A, 47 FR 15272, Apr. 8, 1982, as amended...

46 CFR 113.37-5 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT Shaft Speed and Thrust Indicators § 113.37-5 General requirements. (a) A vessel... station a propeller speed and direction indicator for each shaft. (b) A vessel equipped with controllable... speed and pitch position indicator for each shaft. [CGD 74-125A, 47 FR 15272, Apr. 8, 1982, as amended...

Analysis and optimization of dynamic model of eccentric shaft grinder

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Yangjie; Han, Qiushi; Li, Qiguang; Peng, Baoying

2018-04-01

Eccentric shaft servo grinder is the core equipment in the process chain of machining eccentric shaft. The establishment of the movement model and the determination of the kinematic relation of the-axis in the grinding process directly affect the quality of the grinding process, and there are many error factors in grinding, and it is very important to analyze the influence of these factors on the work piece quality. The three-dimensional model of eccentric shaft grinder is drawn by Pro/E three-dimensional drawing software, the model is imported into ANSYS Workbench Finite element analysis software, and the finite element analysis is carried out, and then the variation and parameters of each component of the bed are obtained by the modal analysis result. The natural frequencies and formations of the first six steps of the eccentric shaft grinder are obtained by modal analysis, and the weak links of the parts of the grinder are found out, and a reference improvement method is proposed for the design of the eccentric shaft grinder in the future.

Isolation and Quantification of Glycosaminoglycans from Human Hair Shaft

PubMed Central

Bonovas, Stefanos; Sitaras, Nikolaos

2016-01-01

Background There is evidence that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are present in the hair shaft within the follicle but there are no studies regarding GAGs isolation and measurement in the human hair shaft over the scalp surface, it means, in the free hair shaft. Objective The purpose of our research was to isolate and measure the total GAGs from human free hair shaft. Methods Seventy-five healthy individuals participated in the study, 58 adults, men and women over the age of 50 and 17 children (aged 4~9). GAGs in hair samples, received from the parietal and the occipital areas, were isolated with 4 M guanidine HCl and measured by the uronic acid-carbazole reaction assay. Results GAGs concentration was significantly higher in the occipital area than in the parietal area, in all study groups. GAG levels from both areas were significantly higher in children than in adults. GAG levels were not associated with gender, hair color or type. Conclusion We report the presence of GAGs in the human free hair shaft and the correlation of hair GAG levels with the scalp area and participants' age. PMID:27746630

A new classification and treatment protocol for combined fractures of the femoral shaft with the proximal or distal femur with closed locked intramedullary nailing: clinical experience of 63 fractures.

PubMed

Lambiris, Elias; Giannikas, Dimitrios; Galanopoulos, George; Tyllianakis, Minos; Megas, Panagiotis

2003-03-01

The medical records and radiographs of 63 patients, who were admitted between 1989-1997, with a combined femur fracture, were reviewed. Associated injuries were present in 38 (60%) patients. The combined fractures were classified into four major types depending on their anatomical position: type I, femoral shaft fracture combined with hip neck fracture; type II, femoral shaft fracture combined with a trochanteric fracture; type III, femoral shaft fracture combined with a distal femur fracture; and type IV, femoral shaft fracture combined with a proximal or distal femur fracture. The fractures were treated with locked intramedullary nailing and additional free cancellous 6.5-mm screws as needed. Fifty-six fractures healed without further operations. Of the remaining 6 fractures, 2 were material failures, 1 malunion with 3-cm shortening and external rotation of the femoral diaphysis, 2 early infections of the surgical wound, and 1 pseudarthrosis of the femoral shaft. All fractures were healed between 16 and 32 weeks (average: 20 weeks).

HTS flywheel energy storage system with rotor shaft stabilized by feed-back control of armature currents of motor-generator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsukamoto, O.; Utsunomiya, A.

2007-10-01

We propose an HTS bulk bearing flywheel energy system (FWES) with rotor shaft stabilization system using feed-back control of the armature currents of the motor-generator. In the proposed system the rotor shift has a pivot bearing at one end of the shaft and an HTS bulk bearing (SMB) at the other end. The fluctuation of the rotor shaft with SMB is damped by feed-back control of the armature currents of the motor-generator sensing the position of the rotor shaft. The method has merits that the fluctuations are damped without active control magnet bearings and extra devices which may deteriorate the energy storage efficiency and need additional costs. The principle of the method was demonstrated by an experiment using a model permanent magnet motor.

Stabilizing Gyroscopic Modes in Magnetic-Bearing-Supported Flywheels by Using Cross-Axis Proportional Gains

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brown, Gerald V.; Kascak, Albert F.; Jansen, Ralph H.; Dever, Timothy P.; Duffy, Kirsten P.

2006-01-01

For magnetic-bearing-supported high-speed rotating machines with significant gyroscopic effects, it is necessary to stabilize forward and backward tilt whirling modes. Instability or low damping of these modes can prevent the attainment of desired shaft speed. We show analytically that both modes can be stabilized by using cross-axis proportional gains and high- and low-pass filters in the magnetic bearing controller. Furthermore, at high shaft speeds, where system phase lags degrade the stability of the forward-whirl mode, a phasor advance of the control signal can partially counteract the phase lag. In some range of high shaft speed, the derivative gain for the tilt modes (essential for stability for slowly rotating shafts) can be removed entirely. We show analytically how the tilt eigenvalues depend on shaft speed and on various controller feedback parameters.

Unducted, counterrotating gearless front fan engine

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Taylor, J.B.

This patent describes a high bypass ratio gas turbine engine. It comprises a core engine effective for generating combustion gases passing through a main flow path; a power turbine aft of the core engine and including first and second counter rotatable interdigitated turbine blade rows, effective for counterrotating first and second drive shafts, respectively; an unducted fan section forward of the core engine including a first fan blade row connected to the first drive shaft and a second fan blade row axially spaced aftward from the first fan blade row and connected to the second drive shaft; and a boostermore » compressor axially positioned between the first and second fan blade rows and including first compressor blade rows connected to the first drive shaft and second compressor blade rows connected to the second drive shaft.« less

Mechanical seal assembly

DOEpatents

Kotlyar, Oleg M.

2001-01-01

An improved mechanical seal assembly is provided for sealing rotating shafts with respect to their shaft housings, wherein the rotating shafts are subject to substantial axial vibrations. The mechanical seal assembly generally includes a rotating sealing ring fixed to the shaft, a non-rotating sealing ring adjacent to and in close contact with the rotating sealing ring for forming an annular seal about the shaft, and a mechanical diode element that applies a biasing force to the non-rotating sealing ring by means of hemispherical joint. The alignment of the mechanical diode with respect to the sealing rings is maintained by a series of linear bearings positioned axially along a desired length of the mechanical diode. Alternative embodiments include mechanical or hydraulic amplification components for amplifying axial displacement of the non-rotating sealing ring and transferring it to the mechanical diode.

Mechanical seal assembly

DOEpatents

Kotlyar, Oleg M.

2002-01-01

An improved mechanical seal assembly is provided for sealing rotating shafts with respect to their shaft housings, wherein the rotating shafts are subject to substantial axial vibrations. The mechanical seal assembly generally includes a rotating sealing ring fixed to the shaft, a non-rotating sealing ring adjacent to and in close contact with the rotating sealing ring for forming an annular seal about the shaft, and a mechanical diode element that applies a biasing force to the non-rotating sealing ring by means of hemispherical joint. The alignment of the mechanical diode with respect to the sealing rings is maintained by a series of linear bearings positioned axially along a desired length of the mechanical diode. Alternative embodiments include mechanical or hydraulic amplification components for amplifying axial displacement of the non-rotating sealing ring and transfering it to the mechanical diode.

Torque Sensor Based on Tunnel-Diode Oscillator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chui, Talso; Young, Joseph

2008-01-01

A proposed torque sensor would be capable of operating over the temperature range from 1 to 400 K, whereas a typical commercially available torque sensor is limited to the narrower temperature range of 244 to 338 K. The design of this sensor would exploit the wide temperature range and other desirable attributes of differential transducers based on tunnel-diode oscillators as described in "Multiplexing Transducers Based on Tunnel-Diode Oscillators". The proposed torque sensor would include three flexural springs that would couple torque between a hollow outer drive shaft and a solid inner drive shaft. The torque would be deduced from the torsional relative deflection of the two shafts, which would be sensed via changes in capacitances of two capacitors defined by two electrodes attached to the inner shaft and a common middle electrode attached to the outer shaft.

Biomechanical effects of humeral neck-shaft angle and subscapularis integrity in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

PubMed

Oh, Joo Han; Shin, Sang-Jin; McGarry, Michelle H; Scott, Jonathan H; Heckmann, Nathanael; Lee, Thay Q

2014-08-01

The variability in functional outcomes and the occurrence of scapular notching and instability after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty remain problems. The objectives of this study were to measure the effect of reverse humeral component neck-shaft angle on impingement-free range of motion, abduction moment, and anterior dislocation force and to evaluate the effect of subscapularis loading on dislocation force. Six cadaveric shoulders were tested with 155°, 145°, and 135° reverse shoulder humeral neck-shaft angles. The adduction angle at which bone contact occurred and the internal and external rotational impingement-free range of motion angles were measured. Glenohumeral abduction moment was measured at 0° and 30° of abduction, and anterior dislocation forces were measured at 30° of internal rotation, 0°, and 30° of external rotation with and without subscapularis loading. Adduction deficit angles for 155°, 145°, and 135° neck-shaft angle were 2° ± 5° of abduction, 7° ± 4° of adduction, and 12° ± 2° of adduction (P < .05). Impingement-free angles of humeral rotation and abduction moments were not statistically different between the neck-shaft angles. The anterior dislocation force was significantly higher for the 135° neck-shaft angle at 30° of external rotation and significantly higher for the 155° neck-shaft angle at 30° of internal rotation (P < .01). The anterior dislocation forces were significantly higher when the subscapularis was loaded (P < .01). The 155° neck-shaft angle was more prone to scapular bone contact during adduction but was more stable at the internally rotated position, which was the least stable humeral rotation position. Subscapularis loading gave further anterior stability with all neck-shaft angles at all positions. Published by Mosby, Inc.

Synchronizing Photography For High-Speed-Engine Research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chun, K. S.

1989-01-01

Light flashes when shaft reaches predetermined angle. Synchronization system facilitates visualization of flow in high-speed internal-combustion engines. Designed for cinematography and holographic interferometry, system synchronizes camera and light source with predetermined rotational angle of engine shaft. 10-bit resolution of absolute optical shaft encoder adapted, and 2 to tenth power combinations of 10-bit binary data computed to corresponding angle values. Pre-computed angle values programmed into EPROM's (erasable programmable read-only memories) to use as angle lookup table. Resolves shaft angle to within 0.35 degree at rotational speeds up to 73,240 revolutions per minute.

Powertrain system for a hybrid electric vehicle

DOEpatents

Reed, Jr., Richard G.; Boberg, Evan S.; Lawrie, Robert E.; Castaing, Francois J.

1999-08-31

A hybrid electric powertrain system is provided including an electric motor/generator drivingly engaged with the drive shaft of a transmission. The electric is utilized for synchronizing the rotation of the drive shaft with the driven shaft during gear shift operations. In addition, a mild hybrid concept is provided which utilizes a smaller electric motor than typical hybrid powertrain systems. Because the electric motor is drivingly engaged with the drive shaft of the transmission, the electric motor/generator is driven at high speed even when the vehicle speed is low so that the electric motor/generator provides more efficient regeneration.

Powertrain system for a hybrid electric vehicle

DOEpatents

Reed, R.G. Jr.; Boberg, E.S.; Lawrie, R.E.; Castaing, F.J.

1999-08-31

A hybrid electric powertrain system is provided including an electric motor/generator drivingly engaged with the drive shaft of a transmission. The electric is utilized for synchronizing the rotation of the drive shaft with the driven shaft during gear shift operations. In addition, a mild hybrid concept is provided which utilizes a smaller electric motor than typical hybrid powertrain systems. Because the electric motor is drivingly engaged with the drive shaft of the transmission, the electric motor/generator is driven at high speed even when the vehicle speed is low so that the electric motor/generator provides more efficient regeneration. 34 figs.

Dual rotating shaft seal apparatus

DOEpatents

Griggs, J.E.; Newman, H.J.

1983-06-16

The report is directed to apparatus suitable for transferring torque and rotary motion through a wall in a manner which is essentially gas impermeable. The apparatus can be used for pressurizing, agitating, and mixing fluids and features two ferrofluidic, i.e., ferrometic seals. Each seal is disposed on one of two supported shafts and each shaft is operably connected at one end to a gear mechanism and at its other end to an adjustable coupling means which is to be connected to a rotatable shaft extending through a wall through which torque and rotary motion are to be transferred.

Analysis of a combined refrigerator-generator space power system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Klann, J. L.

1973-01-01

Description of a single-shaft and a two-shaft rotating machinery arrangements using neon for application in a combined refrigerator-generator power system for space missions. The arrangements consist of combined assemblies of a power turbine, alternator, compressor, and cry-turbine with a single-stage radial-flow design. A computer program was prepared to study the thermodynamics of the dual system in the evaluation of its cryocooling/electric capacity and appropriate weight. A preliminary analysis showed that a two-shaft arrangement of the power- and refrigeration-loop rotating machinery provided better output capacities than a single-shaft arrangement, without prohibitive operating compromises.

Space Shuttle Orbital Maneuvering Subsystem (OMS) Engine Propellant Leakage Ball-Valve Shaft Seals

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lueders, Kathy; Buntain, Nick; Fries, Joseph (Technical Monitor)

1999-01-01

Evidence of propellant leakage across ball-valve shaft seals has been noted during the disassembly of five flight engines and one test engine at the NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, White Sands Test Facility. Based on data collected during the disassembly of these five engines, the consequences of propellant leakage across the ball-valve shaft seals can be divided into four primary areas of concern: Damage to the ball-valve pinion shafts, damage to sleeved bearings inside the ball-valve and actuator assemblies, degradation of the synthetic rubber o-rings used in the actuator assemblies, and corrosion and degradation to the interior of the actuator assemblies. The exact time at which leakage across the ball-valve shaft seals occurs has not been determined, however, the leakage most likely occurs during engine firings when, depending on the specification used, ball-valve cavity pressures range as high as 453 to 550 psia. This potential pressure range for the ball-valve cavities greatly exceeds the acceptance leakage test pressure of 332 psia. Since redesign and replacement of the ball-valve shaft seals is unlikely, the near term solution to prevent damage that occurs from shaft-seal leakage is to implement a routine overhaul and maintenance program for engines in the fleet. Recommended repair, verification, and possible preventative maintenance measures are discussed in the paper.

Hydromechanical transmission with hydrodynamic drive

DOEpatents

Orshansky, Jr., deceased, Elias; Weseloh, William E.

1979-01-01

This transmission has a first planetary gear assembly having first input means connected to an input shaft, first output means, and first reaction means, and a second planetary gear assembly having second input means connected to the first input means, second output means, and second reaction means connected directly to the first reaction means by a reaction shaft. First clutch means, when engaged, connect the first output means to an output shaft in a high driving range. A hydrodynamic drive is used; for example, a torque converter, which may or may not have a stationary case, has a pump connected to the second output means, a stator grounded by an overrunning clutch to the case, and a turbine connected to an output member, and may be used in a starting phase. Alternatively, a fluid coupling or other type of hydrodynamic drive may be used. Second clutch means, when engaged, for connecting the output member to the output shaft in a low driving range. A variable-displacement hydraulic unit is mechanically connected to the input shaft, and a fixed-displacement hydraulic unit is mechanically connected to the reaction shaft. The hydraulic units are hydraulically connected together so that when one operates as a pump the other acts as a motor, and vice versa. Both clutch means are connected to the output shaft through a forward-reverse shift arrangement. It is possible to lock out the torque converter after the starting phase is over.

Hydromechanical transmission with two planetary assemblies that are clutchable to both the input and output shafts

DOEpatents

Orshansky, Jr., deceased, Elias; Weseloh, William E.

1979-01-01

A power transmission having two planetary assemblies, each having its own carrier and its own planet, sun, and ring gears. A speed-varying module is connected in driving relation to the input shaft and in driving relationship to the two sun gears, which are connected together. The speed-varying means may comprise a pair of hydraulic units hydraulically interconnected so that one serves as a pump while the other serves as a motor and vice versa, one of the units having a variable stroke and being connected in driving relation to the input shaft, the other unit, which may have a fixed stroke, being connected in driving relation to the sun gears. A brake grounds the first carrier in the first range and in reverse and causes drive to be delivered to the output shaft through the first ring gear in a hydrostatic mode, the first ring gear being rigidly connected to the output shaft. The input shaft also is clutchable to either the carrier or the ring gear of the second planetary assembly. The output shaft is also clutchable to the carrier of the second planetary assembly when the input is clutched to the ring gear of the second planetary assembly, and is clutchable to the ring gear of the second planetary assembly when the input is clutched to the carrier thereof.

Drop-off detection with the long cane: effect of cane shaft weight and rigidity on performance

PubMed Central

Kim, Dae Shik; Emerson, Robert Wall; Naghshineh, Koorosh; Auer, Alexander

2016-01-01

Most travellers who are blind rely on a long cane to detect drop-offs on their walking paths. We examined how different cane shaft materials affect drop-off detection performance through providing different vibrotactile and proprioceptive feedbacks to the cane user. Results of the study showed a significant interaction between cane shaft weight and how the cane is used. A heavier cane was advantageous for detecting drop-offs when the individual used the ‘constant contact technique’ – cane tip stays in contact with the walking surface at all times – but not when he used the ‘two-point touch technique’ – cane tip is rhythmically tapped on the surface. In addition, a more flexible cane was advantageous for detecting drop-offs when the two-point touch technique was used but not when the constant contact technique was used. It is recommended that, when blind individuals select a cane shaft material, they consider which long cane technique they use more often. Practitioner Summary: Long cane shaft material affects how well a blind individual can detect drop-offs. A heavier shaft was advantageous when using the constant contact technique (cane tip stays in continuous contact with the surface), while a more flexible shaft was better when using the two-point touch technique (cane tip rhythmically taps the surface). PMID:27065052

MULTIPLE SHAFT TOOL HEAD

DOEpatents

Colbert, H.P.

1962-10-23

An improved tool head arrangement is designed for the automatic expanding of a plurality of ferruled tubes simultaneously. A plurality of output shafts of a multiple spindle drill head are driven in unison by a hydraulic motor. A plurality of tube expanders are respectively coupled to the shafts through individual power train arrangements. The axial or thrust force required for the rolling operation is provided by a double acting hydraulic cylinder having a hollow through shaft with the shaft cooperating with an internally rotatable splined shaft slidably coupled to a coupling rigidly attached to the respectlve output shaft of the drill head, thereby transmitting rotary motion and axial thrust simultaneously to the tube expander. A hydraulic power unit supplies power to each of the double acting cylinders through respective two-position, four-way valves, under control of respective solenoids for each of the cylinders. The solenoids are in turn selectively controlled by a tool selection control unit which in turn is controlled by signals received from a programmed, coded tape from a tape reader. The number of expanders that are extended in a rolling operation, which may be up to 42 expanders, is determined by a predetermined program of operations depending upon the arrangement of the ferruled tubes to be expanded in the tube bundle. The tape reader also supplies dimensional information to a machine tool servo control unit for imparting selected, horizontal and/or vertical movement to the tool head assembly. (AEC)

The effects of pumpage, irrigation return, and regional ground-water flow on the water quality at Waiawa water tunnel, Oahu, Hawaii

USGS Publications Warehouse

Eyre, P.R.

1983-01-01

Waiawa shaft is a 1,700-foot long water tunnel which draws water from the top of the Pearl Harbor Ghyben-Herzberg ground-water lens, Oahu, Hawaii. The application of brackish irrigation water to sugarcane fields overlying Waiawa shaft, combined with relatively low pumping rates at the shaft from 1978 to 1980, caused the chloride concentration of water produced by Waiawa shaft to rise to 290 milligrams per liter. Time-series analyses, pumping tests and analyses of water samples show that a zone of degraded water lies at the top of the lens. This zone is mixed in significantly different proportions with the underlying fresher water depending on the pumping rate at Waiawa shaft. The chloride concentration of water in the Waiawa shaft can generally be kept below 250 milligrams per liter for the next few years, if pumping rates of about 15 million gallons per day are maintained. The use of managed pumping to control the chloride problem over the long term is uncertain owing to the possible increase in chloride concentration of the irrigation water. Based on ground-water flow rates and analogy to nearby wells, the chloride concentration of Waiawa shaft 's water will decrease to less than 100 milligrams per liter in 2 to 3 years if the use of brackish irrigation water is discontinued. (USGS)

Using Composite Materials in a Cryogenic Pump

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Batton, William D.; Dillard, James E.; Rottmund, Matthew E.; Tupper, Michael L.; Mallick, Kaushik; Francis, William H.

2008-01-01

Several modifications have been made to the design and operation of an extended-shaft cryogenic pump to increase the efficiency of pumping. In general, the efficiency of pumping a cryogenic fluid is limited by thermal losses which is itself caused by pump inefficiency and leakage of heat through the pump structure. A typical cryogenic pump includes a drive shaft and two main concentric static components (an outer pressure containment tube and an intermediate static support tube) made from stainless steel. The modifications made include replacement of the stainless-steel drive shaft and the concentric static stainless-steel components with components made of a glass/epoxy composite. The leakage of heat is thus reduced because the thermal conductivity of the composite is an order of magnitude below that of stainless steel. Taking advantage of the margin afforded by the decrease in thermal conductivity, the drive shaft could be shortened to increase its effective stiffness, thereby increasing the rotordynamic critical speeds, thereby further making it possible to operate the pump at a higher speed to increase pumping efficiency. During the modification effort, an analysis revealed that substitution of the shorter glass/epoxy shaft for the longer stainless-steel shaft was not, by itself, sufficient to satisfy the rotordynamic requirements at the desired increased speed. Hence, it became necessary to increase the stiffness of the composite shaft. This stiffening was accomplished by means of a carbon-fiber-composite overwrap along most of the length of the shaft. Concomitantly with the modifications described thus far, it was necessary to provide for joining the composite-material components with metallic components required by different aspects of the pump design. An adhesive material formulated specially to bond the composite and metal components was chosen as a means to satisfy these requirements.

Coaxial twin-shaft magnetic fluid seals applied in vacuum wafer-handling robot

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cong, Ming; Wen, Haiying; Du, Yu; Dai, Penglei

2012-07-01

Compared with traditional mechanical seals, magnetic fluid seals have unique characters of high airtightness, minimal friction torque requirements, pollution-free and long life-span, widely used in vacuum robots. With the rapid development of Integrate Circuit (IC), there is a stringent requirement for sealing wafer-handling robots when working in a vacuum environment. The parameters of magnetic fluid seals structure is very important in the vacuum robot design. This paper gives a magnetic fluid seal device for the robot. Firstly, the seal differential pressure formulas of magnetic fluid seal are deduced according to the theory of ferrohydrodynamics, which indicate that the magnetic field gradient in the sealing gap determines the seal capacity of magnetic fluid seal. Secondly, the magnetic analysis model of twin-shaft magnetic fluid seals structure is established. By analyzing the magnetic field distribution of dual magnetic fluid seal, the optimal value ranges of important parameters, including parameters of the permanent magnetic ring, the magnetic pole tooth, the outer shaft, the outer shaft sleeve and the axial relative position of two permanent magnetic rings, which affect the seal differential pressure, are obtained. A wafer-handling robot equipped with coaxial twin-shaft magnetic fluid rotary seals and bellows seal is devised and an optimized twin-shaft magnetic fluid seals experimental platform is built. Test result shows that when the speed of the two rotational shafts ranges from 0-500 r/min, the maximum burst pressure is about 0.24 MPa. Magnetic fluid rotary seals can provide satisfactory performance in the application of wafer-handling robot. The proposed coaxial twin-shaft magnetic fluid rotary seal provides the instruction to design high-speed vacuum robot.

Research status and future trends on surface pre-grouting technology in reforming wall rock of vertical shafts in coal mines in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Hua

2018-02-01

In the mine construction, the surface pre-grouting technology is an important method to prevent water blast in excavation process of vertical shaft when the shaft must pass through the thick, water-rich and high water-pressure bedrock aquifer. It has been nearly 60 years since the technology was used to reform wall rock of vertical shaft in coal mine in China for the first time, and the existing technology can basically meet the needs of constructing 1000m deep vertical shaft. Firstly, the article introduces that in view of Magg’s spherical seepage theory and Karol’s spherical seepage theory, Chinese scholars found that the diffusion of grout from borehole into the surrounding strata in horizontal direction is irregular through a lot of research and engineering practice of using the surface pre-grouting technology to reform wall rock of vertical shafts, and put forward the selecting principles of grout’s effective diffusion radius in one grouting engineering; Secondly, according to the shape of the grouting boreholes, surface pre-grouting technology of vertical shaft is divided into two stages: vertical borehole stage and S-type borehole stage. Thirdly, the development status of grouting materials and grouting equipment for the technology is introduced. Fourthly, grouting mode, stage height and pressure of the technology are introduced. Finally, it points out that with the increasing depth of coal mining in China, the technology of reforming wall rock of 1000~2000m deep vertical shafts will face many problems, such as grouting theory, grouting equipment, grouting finishing standard, testing and evaluation of grouting effect, and so on. And it put forward a preliminary approach to solving these problems. This paper points out future research directions of the surface pre-grouting technology in China.

Ketorolac Administered in the Recovery Room for Acute Pain Management Does Not Affect Healing Rates of Femoral and Tibial Fractures.

PubMed

Donohue, David; Sanders, Drew; Serrano-Riera, Rafa; Jordan, Charles; Gaskins, Roger; Sanders, Roy; Sagi, H Claude

2016-09-01

To determine whether ketorolac administered in the immediate perioperative period affects the rate of nonunion in femoral and tibial shaft fractures. Retrospective comparative study. Single Institution, Academic Level 1 Trauma Center. Three hundred and thirteen skeletally mature patients with 137 femoral shaft (OTA 32) and 191 tibial shaft (OTA 42) fractures treated with intramedullary rod fixation. Eighty patients with 33 femoral shaft and 52 tibial shaft fractures were administered ketorolac within the first 24 hours after surgery (group 1-study group). Two-hundred thirty-three patients with 104 femoral shaft and 139 tibial shaft fractures were not (group 2-control group). Rate of reoperation for repair of a nonunion and time to union. Average time to union of the femur was 147 days for group 1 and 159 days for group 2 (P = 0.57). Average time to union of the tibia was 175 days for group 1 and 175 days for group 2 (P = 0.57). There were 3 femoral nonunions (9%) in group 1 and eleven femoral nonunions (11.6%) in group 2 (P = 1.00). There were 3 tibial nonunions (5.8%) in group 1 and 17 tibial nonunions (12.2%) in group 2 (P = 0.29). The average dose of ketorolac for patients who healed their fracture was 85 mg, whereas it was 50 mg for those who did not (P = 0.27). All patients with a nonunion in the study group were current smokers. Ketorolac administered in the first 24 hours after fracture repair for acute pain management does not seem to have a negative impact on time to healing or incidence of nonunion for femoral or tibial shaft fractures. Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Performance of large-bore tapered-roller bearings under combined radial and thrust load at shaft speeds to 15,000 rpm

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parker, R. J.; Signer, H. R.

1977-01-01

The performance of 120.65-mm bore tapered roller bearings was investigated at shaft speeds up to 15,000 rpm. Temperature distribution and bearing heat generation were determined as a function of shaft speed, radial and thrust loads, lubricant flow rate, and lubricant inlet temperature. Lubricant was supplied by either jets or by a combination of holes through the cone directly to the cone-rib contact and jets at the roller small-end side. Cone-rib lubrication significantly improved high-speed tapered-roller bearing performance, yielding lower cone-face temperatures and lower power loss and allowing lower lubricant flow rates for a given speed condition. Bearing temperatures increased with increased shaft speed and decreased with increased lubricant flow rate. Bearing power loss increased with increased shaft speed and increased lubricant flow rate.

Motor Controller System For Large Dynamic Range of Motor Operation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Howard, David E. (Inventor); Alhorn, Dean C. (Inventor); Smith, Dennis A. (Inventor); Dutton, Kenneth R. (Inventor); Paulson, Mitchell Scott (Inventor)

2006-01-01

A motor controller system uses a rotary sensor with a plurality of signal conditioning units, coupled to the rotary sensor. Each of these units, which is associated with a particular range of motor output shaft rotation rates, generate a feedback signal indicative of the position of the motor s output shaft. A controller (i) converts a selected motor output shaft rotation rate to a corresponding incremental amount of rotational movement for a selected fixed time period, (ii) selects, at periodic completions of the selected fixed time period, the feedback signal from one of the signal conditioning units for which the particular range of motor output shaft rotation rates associated therewith encompasses the selected motor output shaft rotation rate, and (iii) generates a motor drive signal based on a difference between the incremental amount of rotational movement and the feedback signal from the selected one of the signal conditioning Units.

Skill Analysis of the Wrist Release in the Golf Swings Utilizing Shaft Elasticity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suzuki, Soichiro; Hoshino, Yohei; Kobayashi, Yukinori

This study analyzes the skill component of the wrist release in the golf swing by employing a three-dimensional dynamic model considering vibration of the club shaft. It is observed that professional and expert golfers relax their wrists in the swing motion as a "natural" or "late" release. Thus, the relationship between the timing of the wrist release and the shaft vibration is examined in this study. First, it is demonstrated that "natural release" at the zero-crossing point of the bending vibration of the shaft efficiently increases the head speed at impact. In the next step, the "late hitting" condition is imposed upon the model. It is demonstrated that "late hitting" could further improve the efficiency of the swing motion. Finally, the skill component in the wrist release for the long drive is experimentally verified by measuring the movement of the wrist and the dynamic deformation of the shaft during the downswing.

Thin film superconductor magnetic bearings

DOEpatents

Weinberger, Bernard R.

1995-12-26

A superconductor magnetic bearing includes a shaft (10) that is subject to a load (L) and rotatable around an axis of rotation, a magnet (12) mounted to the shaft, and a stator (14) in proximity to the shaft. The stator (14) has a superconductor thin film assembly (16) positioned to interact with the magnet (12) to produce a levitation force on the shaft (10) that supports the load (L). The thin film assembly (16) includes at least two superconductor thin films (18) and at least one substrate (20). Each thin film (18) is positioned on a substrate (20) and all the thin films are positioned such that an applied magnetic field from the magnet (12) passes through all the thin films. A similar bearing in which the thin film assembly (16) is mounted on the shaft (10) and the magnet (12) is part of the stator (14) also can be constructed.

A simple compact UHV and high magnetic field compatible inertial nanopositioner

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pang, Zongqiang; Li, Xiang; Xu, Lei; Rong, Zhou; Liu, Ruilan

2015-01-01

We present a novel simple piezoelectric nanopositioner which just has one piezoelectric scanner tube (PST) and one driving signal, using two short quartz rods and one BeCu spring which form a triangle to press the central shaft and can promise the nanopositioner's rigidity. Applying two pulse inverted voltage signals on the PST's outer and inner electrodes, respectively, according to the principle of piezoelectricity, the PST will elongate or contract suddenly while the central shaft will keep stationary for its inertance, so the central shaft will be sliding a distance relative to quartz rods and spring, and then withdraw the pulse voltages slowly, the central shaft will move upward or downward one step. The heavier of the central shaft, the better moving stability, so the nanopositioner has high output force. Due to its compactness and mechanical stability, it can be easily implanted into some extreme conditions, such as ultrahigh vacuum, ultralow temperature, and high magnetic field.

Magnetic translator bearings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hockney, Richard L. (Inventor); Downer, James R. (Inventor); Eisenhaure, David B. (Inventor); Hawkey, Timothy J. (Inventor); Johnson, Bruce G. (Inventor)

1990-01-01

A magnetic bearing system for enabling translational motion includes a carriage and a shaft for movably supporting the carriage; a first magnetic bearing fixed to one of the carriage and shaft and slidably received in a first channel of the other of the carriage and shaft. The first channel is generally U shaped with two side walls and a back wall. The magnetic bearing includes a pair of spaced magnetic pole pieces, each pole piece having a pair of electromagnetic coils mounted on poles on opposite ends of the pole piece proximate the side walls, and a third electromagnetic coil mounted on a pole of the pole piece proximate the backwall; a motion sensor for sensing translational motion along two axes and rotationally about three axes of the carriage and shaft relative to each other; and a correction circuit responsive to the sensor for generating a correction signal to drive the coils to compensate for any misalignment sensed between the carriage and the shaft.

76 FR 30101 - Certain Steel Nails From the People's Republic of China: Final Results of Antidumping Duty...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-24

... shaft length up to 12 inches. Certain steel nails include, but are not limited to, nails made of round... finishes, heads, shanks, point types, shaft lengths and shaft diameters. Finishes include, but are not... collated with adhesive or polyester film tape backed with a heat seal adhesive. Also excluded from the...

Spiral groove seal. [for rotating shaft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ludwig, L. P.; Strom, T. N. (Inventor)

1974-01-01

Mating flat surfaces inhibit leakage of a fluid around a stationary shaft. A spiral groove produces a pumping action toward the fluid when the shaft rotates. This prevents leakage while a generated hydraulic lifting force separates the mating surfaces to minimize wear. Provision is made for placing these spiral grooves in communication with the fluid to accelerate the generation of the hydraulic lifting force.

78 FR 48867 - Nationwide Categorical Waivers Under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-12

... shaft (VHS) electric motors (less than 40 HP) to be utilized in Recovery Act projects funded by EERE...) vertical hollow shaft (VHS) electric motors (less than 40 HP) are not produced or manufactured in the...-horsepower (HP) vertical hollow shaft (VHS) electric motors (less than 40 HP) to be utilized in Recovery Act...

Design and application of a test rig for super-critical power transmission shafts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Darlow, M.; Smalley, A.

1979-01-01

The design, assembly, operational check-out and application of a test facility for testing supercritical power transmission shafts under realistic conditions of size, speed and torque are described. Alternative balancing methods and alternative damping mechanisms are demonstrated and compared. The influence of torque upon the unbalance distribution is studied, and its effect on synchronous vibrations is investigated. The feasibility of operating supercritical power transmission shafting is demonstrated, but the need for careful control, by balancing and damping, of synchronous and nonsynchronous vibrations is made clear. The facility was demonstrated to be valuable for shaft system development programs and studies for both advanced and current-production hardware.

CENTRIFUGES

DOEpatents

Beams, J.W.; Snoddy, L.B.

1960-08-01

Damping bearings for use on the shafts of an ultracentrifuge were designed which are capable of passing through critical angular speeds. The shaft extending from one end of the rotor is journaled in fixed-plain bearings mounted on annular resilient shock-absorbing elements to dampen small vibrations. The shaft at the other end of the rotor is journaled in two damper-bearing assemblies which are so spaced on the shaft that a vibration node can at no time exist at both bearing assemblies. These bearings are similar to the other bearings except that the bearing housings are slidably mounted on the supporting structure for movement transverse to the rotational axis of the rotor.

In-line rotating torque sensor with on-board amplifier

DOEpatents

Kronberg, James W.

1990-01-01

A rotating torque sensor apparatus and method for measuring small torques comprising a shaft, a platform having a circuit board and a first moment arm attached to the shaft, a rotatable wheel coaxial with the shaft and having a second moment arm spaced apart from the first moment arm with a load cell therebetween for generating an electric signal as the torque is applied to the shaft and transferred through the moment arms to the load cell. The electrical signal is conducted from the load cell to the circuit board for filtering and amplification before being extracted from the torque assembly through a slip ring.

Tuning thermal mismatch between turbine rotor parts with a thermal medium

DOEpatents

Schmidt, Mark Christopher

2001-01-01

In a turbine rotor, an aft shaft wheel and the final-stage wheel of the rotor are coupled together, including by a rabbeted joint. During shutdown and startup of the turbine, a thermal mismatch between the aft shaft wheel and final-stage wheel is avoided by respectively heating and cooling the aft shaft wheel to maintain the thermal mismatch within acceptable limits, thereby avoiding opening of the rabbeted joint and the potential for unbalancing the rotor and rotor vibration. The thermal medium may be supplied by piping in the aft bearing cavity into the cavity between the forward closure plate and the aft shaft wheel.

Noncontact Measurement Of Shaft Speed, Torque, And Power

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Madzsar, George C.

1993-01-01

Noncontact fiber-optic sensor and associated electronic equipment measure twist and speed of rotation of shaft. Measurements determine torque and power. Response of sensor remains linear even at cryogenic temperatures. Reflective strips on rotating shaft reflect two series of light pulses back into optical system. Bidirectional coupler in each of two optical fiber paths separates reflected light from incident light, sending it to photodiode for output to analog-to-digital converter and computer. Sensor requires no slip rings or telemetry to transfer signals from shaft. Well suited for providing data on performances of turbopumps for such cryogenic fluids as liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen.

Design of aircraft turbine fan drive gear transmission system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dent, E.; Hirsch, R. A.; Peterson, V. W.

1970-01-01

The following basic types of gear reduction concepts were studied as being feasible power train systems for a low-bypass-ratio, single-spool, geared turbofan engine for general aircraft use: (1) single-stage external-internal reduction, (2) gears (offset shafting), (3) multiple compound idler gear system (concentric shafting), and (4) star gear planetary system with internal ring gear final output member (concentric shafting-counterrotation). In addition, studies were made of taking the accessories drive power off both the high-speed and low-speed shafting, using either face gears or spiral bevel gears. Both antifriction and sleeve-type bearings were considered for the external-internal and star-planet reduction concepts.

A hydrodynamically suspended, magnetically sealed mechanically noncontact axial flow blood pump: design of a hydrodynamic bearing.

PubMed

Mitamura, Yoshinori; Kido, Kazuyuki; Yano, Tetsuya; Sakota, Daisuke; Yambe, Tomoyuki; Sekine, Kazumitsu; OKamoto, Eiji

2007-03-01

To overcome the drive shaft seal and bearing problem in rotary blood pumps, a hydrodynamic bearing, a magnetic fluid seal, and a brushless direct current (DC) motor were employed in an axial flow pump. This enabled contact-free rotation of the impeller without material wear. The axial flow pump consisted of a brushless DC motor, an impeller, and a guide vane. The motor rotor was directly connected to the impeller by a motor shaft. A hydrodynamic bearing was installed on the motor shaft. The motor and the hydrodynamic bearing were housed in a cylindrical casing and were waterproofed by a magnetic fluid seal, a mechanically noncontact seal. Impeller shaft displacement was measured using a laser sensor. Axial and radial displacements of the shaft were only a few micrometers for motor speed up to 8500 rpm. The shaft did not make contact with the bearing housing. A flow of 5 L/min was obtained at 8000 rpm at a pressure difference of 100 mm Hg. In conclusion, the axial flow blood pump consisting of a hydrodynamic bearing, a magnetic fluid seal, and a brushless DC motor provided contact-free rotation of the impeller without material wear.

Study of Effect of Quenching Deformation Influenced by 17CrNiMo6 Gear Shaft of Carburization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pang, Zirui; Yu, Shenjun; Xu, Jinwu

The 17CrNiMo6 steel is mainly used for the gear shaft of large modulus in many fields of heavy industry such as mining, transit, hoist, forging and so on[1]. The size of addendum circle and common normal line is changed a lot beyond the tolerance because of the long time of carburizing process and the out-of-step structural stress and thermal stress during the quenching process. And thus the posterior grinding efficiency and quality are influenced. In the paper comparison and analysis of the deformation affected by solid and hollow gear shafts were done and the methods of simulation and practice were both used. The results are as follows: the deformation of gear shaft was small before and after carburizing while that of gear shaft was large before and after quenching because of different cooling velocity, structure and hardness of each position. And the deformation of hollow was much smaller than that of solid. Therefore, if the hollow gear shaft is used, the waste of material will be decreased, and finishing cost will be reduced, and thus the technology of heat treatment will be optimized.

Method of lining a vertical mine shaft with concrete

DOEpatents

Eklund, James D.; Halter, Joseph M.; Rasmussen, Donald E.; Sullivan, Robert G.; Moffat, Robert B.

1981-01-01

The apparatus includes a cylindrical retainer form spaced inwardly of the wall of the shaft by the desired thickness of the liner to be poured and having overlapping edges which seal against concrete flow but permit the form to be contracted to a smaller circumference after the liner has hardened and is self-supporting. A curb ring extends downwardly and outwardly toward the shaft wall from the bottom of the retainer form to define the bottom surface of each poured liner section. An inflatable toroid forms a seal between the curb ring and the shaft wall. A form support gripper ring having gripper shoes laterally extendable under hydraulic power to engage the shaft wall supports the retainer form, curb ring and liner until the newly poured liner section becomes self-supporting. Adjusting hydraulic cylinders permit the curb ring and retainer form to be properly aligned relative to the form support gripper ring. After a liner section is self-supporting, an advancing system advances the retainer form, curb ring and form support gripper ring toward a shaft boring machine above which the liner is being formed. The advancing system also provides correct horizontal alignment of the form support gripper ring.

Method and apparatus for preloading a joint by remotely operable means

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kahn, Jon B. (Inventor)

1993-01-01

The invention is a method and apparatus for joining structures, an active structure and a passive structure, and imposing a tensile pre-load on the joint by a remotely operable mechanism comprising a heat contractible joining element. The method and apparatus include mounting on the structure, a probe shaft of material which is transformable from an expanded length to a contracted length when heated to a specific temperature range. The shaft is provided with a probe head which is receivable in a receptacle opening formed in the passive structure, when the active structure is moved into engagement therewith by an appropriate manipulator mechanism. A latching system mounted on the structure adjacent to the receptacle opening captures the probe head, when the probe head is inserted a predetermined amount. A heating coil on the shaft is energizable by remote control for heating the shaft to a temperature range which transforms the shaft to its contracted length, whereby a latching shoulder thereof engages latching elements of the latching system and imposes a tensile preload on the structural joint. Provision is also made for manually adjusting the probe head on the shaft to allow for manual detachment of the structures or manual preloading of the structural joint.

Method and apparatus for preloading a joint by remotely operable means

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shelton, Robert O. (Inventor)

1992-01-01

The invention is a method and apparatus for joining structures, an active structure and a passive structure, and imposing a tensile pre-load on the joint by a remotely operable mechanism comprising a heat contractible joining element. The method and apparatus include mounting on the structure, a probe shaft of material which is transformable from an expanded length to a contracted length when heated to a specific temperature range. The shaft is provided with a probe head which is receivable in a receptacle opening formed in the passive structure, when the active structure is moved into engagement therewith by an appropriate manipulator mechanism. A latching system mounted on the structure adjacent to the receptacle opening captures the probe head, when the probe head is inserted a predetermined amount. A heating coil on the shaft is energizable by remote control for heating the shaft to a temperature range which transforms the shaft to its contracted length, whereby a latching shoulder thereof engages latching elements of the latching system and imposes a tensile preload on the structural joint. Provision is also made for manually adjusting the probe head on the shaft to allow for manual detachment of the structures or manual preloading of the structural joint.

Automated manual transmission clutch controller

DOEpatents

Lawrie, Robert E.; Reed, Jr., Richard G.; Rausen, David J.

1999-11-30

A powertrain system for a hybrid vehicle. The hybrid vehicle includes a heat engine, such as a diesel engine, and an electric machine, which operates as both an electric motor and an alternator, to power the vehicle. The hybrid vehicle also includes a manual-style transmission configured to operate as an automatic transmission from the perspective of the driver. The engine and the electric machine drive an input shaft which in turn drives an output shaft of the transmission. In addition to driving the transmission, the electric machine regulates the speed of the input shaft in order to synchronize the input shaft during either an upshift or downshift of the transmission by either decreasing or increasing the speed of the input shaft. When decreasing the speed of the input shaft, the electric motor functions as an alternator to produce electrical energy which may be stored by a storage device. Operation of the transmission is controlled by a transmission controller which receives input signals and generates output signals to control shift and clutch motors to effect smooth launch, upshift shifts, and downshifts of the transmission, so that the transmission functions substantially as an automatic transmission from the perspective of the driver, while internally substantially functioning as a manual transmission.

Automated manual transmission shift sequence controller

DOEpatents

Lawrie, Robert E.; Reed, Richard G.; Rausen, David J.

2000-02-01

A powertrain system for a hybrid vehicle. The hybrid vehicle includes a heat engine, such as a diesel engine, and an electric machine, which operates as both, an electric motor and an alternator, to power the vehicle. The hybrid vehicle also includes a manual-style transmission configured to operate as an automatic transmission from the perspective of the driver. The engine and the electric machine drive an input shaft which in turn drives an output shaft of the transmission. In addition to driving the transmission, the electric machine regulates the speed of the input shaft in order to synchronize the input shaft during either an upshift or downshift of the transmission by either decreasing or increasing the speed of the input shaft. When decreasing the speed of the input shaft, the electric motor functions as an alternator to produce electrical energy which may be stored by a storage device. Operation of the transmission is controlled by a transmission controller which receives input signals and generates output signals to control shift and clutch motors to effect smooth launch, upshift shifts, and downshifts of the transmission, so that the transmission functions substantially as an automatic transmission from the perspective of the driver, while internally substantially functioning as a manual transmission.

Automated manual transmission mode selection controller

DOEpatents

Lawrie, Robert E.

1999-11-09

A powertrain system for a hybrid vehicle. The hybrid vehicle includes a heat engine, such as a diesel engine, and an electric machine, which operates as both an electric motor and an alternator, to power the vehicle. The hybrid vehicle also includes a manual-style transmission configured to operate as an automatic transmission from the perspective of the driver. The engine and the electric machine drive an input shaft which in turn drives an output shaft of the transmission. In addition to driving the transmission, the electric machine regulates the speed of the input shaft in order to synchronize the input shaft during either an upshift or downshift of the transmission by either decreasing or increasing the speed of the input shaft. When decreasing the speed of the input shaft, the electric motor functions as an alternator to produce electrical energy which may be stored by a storage device. Operation of the transmission is controlled by a transmission controller which receives input signals and generates output signals to control shift and clutch motors to effect smooth launch, upshift shifts, and downshifts of the transmission, so that the transmission functions substantially as an automatic transmission from the perspective of the driver, while internally substantially functioning as a manual transmission.

Automated manual transmission controller

DOEpatents

Lawrie, Robert E.; Reed, Jr., Richard G.; Bernier, David R.

1999-12-28

A powertrain system for a hybrid vehicle. The hybrid vehicle includes a heat engine, such as a diesel engine, and an electric machine, which operates as both an electric motor and an alternator, to power the vehicle. The hybrid vehicle also includes a manual-style transmission configured to operate as an automatic transmission from the perspective of the driver. The engine and the electric machine drive an input shaft which in turn drives an output shaft of the transmission. In addition to driving the transmission, the electric machine regulates the speed of the input shaft in order to synchronize the input shaft during either an upshift or downshift of the transmission by either decreasing or increasing the speed of the input shaft. When decreasing the speed of the input shaft, the electric motor functions as an alternator to produce electrical energy which may be stored by a storage device. Operation of the transmission is controlled by a transmission controller which receives input signals and generates output signals to control shift and clutch motors to effect smooth launch, upshift shifts, and downshifts of the transmission, so that the transmission functions substantially as an automatic transmission from the perspective of the driver, while internally substantially functioning as a manual transmission.

Multi-objective optimization of process parameters of multi-step shaft formed with cross wedge rolling based on orthogonal test

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, S. T.; Shu, X. D.; Shchukin, V.; Kozhevnikova, G.

2018-06-01

In order to achieve reasonable process parameters in forming multi-step shaft by cross wedge rolling, the research studied the rolling-forming process multi-step shaft on the DEFORM-3D finite element software. The interactive orthogonal experiment was used to study the effect of the eight parameters, the first section shrinkage rate φ1, the first forming angle α1, the first spreading angle β1, the first spreading length L1, the second section shrinkage rate φ2, the second forming angle α2, the second spreading angle β2 and the second spreading length L2, on the quality of shaft end and the microstructure uniformity. By using the fuzzy mathematics comprehensive evaluation method and the extreme difference analysis, the influence degree of the process parameters on the quality of the multi-step shaft is obtained: β2>φ2L1>α1>β1>φ1>α2L2. The results of the study can provide guidance for obtaining multi-stepped shaft with high mechanical properties and achieving near net forming without stub bar in cross wedge rolling.

The tolerance of the femoral shaft in combined axial compression and bending loading.

PubMed

Ivarsson, B Johan; Genovese, Daniel; Crandall, Jeff R; Bolton, James R; Untaroiu, Costin D; Bose, Dipan

2009-11-01

The likelihood of a front seat occupant sustaining a femoral shaft fracture in a frontal crash has traditionally been assessed by an injury criterion relying solely on the axial force in the femur. However, recently published analyses of real world data indicate that femoral shaft fracture occurs at axial loads levels below those found experimentally. One hypothesis attempting to explain this discrepancy suggests that femoral shaft fracture tends to occur as a result of combined axial compression and applied bending. The current study aims to evaluate this hypothesis by investigating how these two loading components interact. Femoral shafts harvested from human cadavers were loaded to failure in axial compression, sagittal plane bending, and combined axial compression and sagittal plane bending. All specimens subjected to bending and combined loading fractured midshaft, whereas the specimens loaded in axial compression demonstrated a variety of failure locations including midshaft and distal end. The interaction between the recorded levels of applied moment and axial compression force at fracture were evaluated using two different analysis methods: fitting of an analytical model to the experimental data and multiple regression analysis. The two analysis methods yielded very similar relationships between applied moment and axial compression force at midshaft fracture. The results indicate that posteroanterior bending reduces the tolerance of the femoral shaft to axial compression and that that this type of combined loading therefore may contribute to the high prevalence of femoral shaft fracture in frontal crashes.

Fabricated torque shaft

DOEpatents

Mashey, Thomas Charles

2002-01-01

A fabricated torque shaft is provided that features a bolt-together design to allow vane schedule revisions with minimal hardware cost. The bolt-together design further facilitates on-site vane schedule revisions with parts that are comparatively small. The fabricated torque shaft also accommodates stage schedules that are different one from another in non-linear inter-relationships as well as non-linear schedules for a particular stage of vanes.

75 FR 65028 - Notice of Intent To Repatriate Cultural Items: U.S. Department of Defense, Army Corps of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-21

... shaft smoother, 2 shaft smoother fragments, 1 antler awl fragment, 3 bone awl fragments, 1 bone shaft wrench, 1 bone tube, 17 worked antlers, 10 burned antlers, 1 deer jaw, 19 worked bones, 1 cut bone, 1 burned bone fragment, 1 notched bone, 2 decorated bones, 3 bone strips, 52 miscellaneous non-human bones...

Automatic Tension Adjuster For Flexible-Shaft Grinder

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burley, Richard K.; Hoult, William S.

1990-01-01

Flexible shaft of grinding tool automatically maintained in tension by air pressure. Probelike tool bent to reach hard-to-reach areas for grinding and polishing. Unless shaft held in tension, however, it rubs against its sheath, overheating and wearing out quickly. By taking up slack in flexible cable, tension adjuster reduces friction and enables tool to operate more efficiently, in addition to lengthening operating life.

Full-Scale Wind Tunnel Test of the UH-60A Airloads Rotor

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-01

moment M 2 cn section normal force Mtip hover tip Mach number r radial coordinate, ft R blade radius, ft !c corrected shaft angle, positive aft, deg...s geometric shaft angle, positive aft, deg µ advance ratio Presented at the American...nine radial stations. These data, in combination with other measured parameters (structural loads, control positions, and rotor shaft moments), have

Study of rolling element dynamic interactions with separators and raceway paths: Roller to separator contact forces and cage to shaft speed ratios in roller bearings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nypan, L. J.

1978-01-01

Cage to roller force measurements, cage to shaft forces, and cage to shaft speed ratios are reported for 115 and 118mm bore roller bearings operating at speeds of 4,000, 8,000, and 12,000 rpm under loads ranging from 360 to 6670 N (80 to 1500 lb).

11. Turbine Pit and Shaft of Unit 1, view to ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. Turbine Pit and Shaft of Unit 1, view to the south, with operating ring at base of shaft and servo motor arms in foreground and in left background recess. Turbine monitoring and auxiliary equipment is located in the rightbackground recess. - Washington Water Power Clark Fork River Noxon Rapids Hydroelectric Development, Powerhouse, South bank of Clark Fork River at Noxon Rapids, Noxon, Sanders County, MT

46 CFR 61.20-23 - Tailshaft clearance; bearing weardown.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... worn down to 6.4 mm (0.25 in) clearance for shafts of 229 mm (9 in) or less in diameter, 7.95 mm (0.3125 in) clearance for shafts exceeding 229 mm (9 in) but not exceeding 305 mm (12 in) in diameter, and 9.53 mm (0.375 in) clearance for shafts exceeding 305 mm (12 in) in diameter. (2) Where the...

46 CFR 61.20-23 - Tailshaft clearance; bearing weardown.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... worn down to 6.4 mm (0.25 in) clearance for shafts of 229 mm (9 in) or less in diameter, 7.95 mm (0.3125 in) clearance for shafts exceeding 229 mm (9 in) but not exceeding 305 mm (12 in) in diameter, and 9.53 mm (0.375 in) clearance for shafts exceeding 305 mm (12 in) in diameter. (2) Where the...

46 CFR 61.20-23 - Tailshaft clearance; bearing weardown.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... worn down to 6.4 mm (0.25 in) clearance for shafts of 229 mm (9 in) or less in diameter, 7.95 mm (0.3125 in) clearance for shafts exceeding 229 mm (9 in) but not exceeding 305 mm (12 in) in diameter, and 9.53 mm (0.375 in) clearance for shafts exceeding 305 mm (12 in) in diameter. (2) Where the...

46 CFR 61.20-23 - Tailshaft clearance; bearing weardown.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... worn down to 6.4 mm (0.25 in) clearance for shafts of 229 mm (9 in) or less in diameter, 7.95 mm (0.3125 in) clearance for shafts exceeding 229 mm (9 in) but not exceeding 305 mm (12 in) in diameter, and 9.53 mm (0.375 in) clearance for shafts exceeding 305 mm (12 in) in diameter. (2) Where the...

46 CFR 61.20-23 - Tailshaft clearance; bearing weardown.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... worn down to 6.4 mm (0.25 in) clearance for shafts of 229 mm (9 in) or less in diameter, 7.95 mm (0.3125 in) clearance for shafts exceeding 229 mm (9 in) but not exceeding 305 mm (12 in) in diameter, and 9.53 mm (0.375 in) clearance for shafts exceeding 305 mm (12 in) in diameter. (2) Where the...

Shaft flexibility effects on the forced response of a bladed-disk assembly

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Khader, N.; Loewy, R. G.

1990-01-01

A model analysis approach is used to study the forced response of an actual flexible bladed-disk-shaft system. Both in-plane and out-of-plane flexible deformations of the bladed-disk assembly are considered, in addition to its rigid-body translations and rotations, resulting from the bending of the supporting flexible shaft in two orthogonal planes. The effects of Coriolis forces and structural coupling between flexible and rigid disk motions on the system's response are investigated. Aerodynamic loads acting on the rotating and vibrating bladed-disk assembly are accounted for through a simple quasi-steady representation, to evaluate their influence, combined with shaft flexibility and Coriolis effects.

Mechanical coupling for a rotor shaft assembly of dissimilar materials

DOEpatents

Shi, Jun [Glastonbury, CT; Bombara, David [New Hartford, CT; Green, Kevin E [Broad Brook, CT; Bird, Connic [Rocky Hill, CT; Holowczak, John [South Windsor, CT

2009-05-05

A mechanical coupling for coupling a ceramic disc member to a metallic shaft includes a first wedge clamp and a second wedge clamp. A fastener engages a threaded end of a tie-bolt to sandwich the ceramic disc between the wedge clamps. An axial spring is positioned between the fastener and the second wedge clamp to apply an axial preload along the longitudinal axis. Another coupling utilizes a rotor shaft end of a metallic rotor shaft as one wedge clamp. Still another coupling includes a solid ceramic rotor disc with a multiple of tie-bolts radially displaced from the longitudinal axis to exert the preload on the solid ceramic rotor disc.

Cryogenic anti-friction bearing with inner race

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blount, Dale H. (Inventor)

1990-01-01

This invention consists of a bearing designed to operate in a cryogenic environment and which has an inner raceway generally constructed as an annular band fitted by an interference fit to a rotating shaft. A pair of annular tension bands are fitted onto opposed sides of the band and function to firmly clamp the raceway to the shaft. This occurs because the tension bands are constructed of a material which, when cooled to approximately -335 F shrinks more than the raceway and the shaft to which it is fitted. The bands further relax somewhat at room temperature and permit the interference fit between the raceway and the shaft to be sized such that the raceway is not overly stressed.

Liposuction cannula device and method

DOEpatents

Weber, Paul J.; Visuri, Steven R.; Everett, Matthew J.; Da Silva, Luiz B.; Kolster, Alwin H.

2003-10-28

A liposuction apparatus and method optionally having a sonic or ultrasonic source with an axial lumen passage in which the shaft can be made to reciprocate (oscillate) in a non-rectilinear fashion. The apparatus may also contain the concomitant use of rectilinear reciprocation motion in addition to ultrasonic motion or energy along the shaft of the apparatus. The advantages of the liposuction apparatus are as follows: 1) non-rectilinear single shaft reciprocating cannula, 2) sonic or ultrasonic energy delivered to the distal tip, 3) rectilinear reciprocating cannula with ultrasonic energy along the shaft from the handle, and 4) any of the above reciprocating components powered by excess unused vacuum capacity in the liposuction aspirator (suction engine) apparatus. There are three (3) primary sources of energy applied to the cannula shaft: the first is the oscillating surgeon's arm motion (approximately 1-2 hertz); the reciprocating motion (of about 100 Hz); and the optional concomitant motion as delivered by the ultrasonic energy (e.g. 25 KHz).

Liposuction Cannula Device And Method

DOEpatents

Weber, Paul J.; Visuri, Steven R.; Everett, Matthew J.; Da Silva, Luiz B.; Kolster, Alwin H.

2005-04-05

A liposuction apparatus and method optionally having a sonic or ultrasonic source with an axial lumen passage in which the shaft can be made to reciprocate (oscillate) in a non-rectilinear fashion. The apparatus may also contain the concomitant use of rectilinear reciprocation motion in addition to ultrasonic motion or energy along the shaft of the apparatus. The advantages of the liposuction apparatus are as follows: 1) non-rectilinear single shaft reciprocating cannula, 2) sonic or ultrasonic energy delivered to the distal tip, 3) rectilinear reciprocating cannula with ultrasonic energy along the shaft from the handle, and 4) any of the above reciprocating components powered by excess unused vacuum capacity in the liposuction aspirator (suction engine) apparatus. There are three (3) primary sources of energy applied to the cannula shaft: the first is the oscillating surgeon's arm motion (approximately 1-2 hertz); the reciprocating motion (of about 100 Hz); and the optional concomitant motion as delivered by the ultrasonic energy (e.g. 25 KHz).

Cloud-based shaft torque estimation for electric vehicle equipped with integrated motor-transmission system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Xiaoyuan; Zhang, Hui; Yang, Bo; Zhang, Guichen

2018-01-01

In order to improve oscillation damping control performance as well as gear shift quality of electric vehicle equipped with integrated motor-transmission system, a cloud-based shaft torque estimation scheme is proposed in this paper by using measurable motor and wheel speed signals transmitted by wireless network. It can help reduce computational burden of onboard controllers and also relief network bandwidth requirement of individual vehicle. Considering possible delays during signal wireless transmission, delay-dependent full-order observer design is proposed to estimate the shaft torque in cloud server. With these random delays modeled by using homogenous Markov chain, robust H∞ performance is adopted to minimize the effect of wireless network-induced delays, signal measurement noise as well as system modeling uncertainties on shaft torque estimation error. Observer parameters are derived by solving linear matrix inequalities, and simulation results using acceleration test and tip-in, tip-out test demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed shaft torque observer design.

Sox2 in the dermal papilla niche controls hair growth by fine-tuning Bmp signaling in differentiating hair shaft progenitors

PubMed Central

Clavel, Carlos; Grisanti, Laura; Zemla, Roland; Rezza, Amelie; Barros, Rita; Sennett, Rachel; Mazloom, Amin; Chung, Chi-Yeh; Cai, Xiaoqiang; Cai, Chen-Leng; Pevny, Larysa; Nicolis, Silvia; Ma’ayan, Avi; Rendl, Michael

2012-01-01

SUMMARY How dermal papilla (DP) niche cells regulate hair follicle progenitors to control hair growth remains unclear. Using Tbx18Cre to target embryonic DP precursors, we ablate the transcription factor Sox2 early and efficiently, resulting in diminished hair shaft outgrowth. We find that DP niche expression of Sox2 controls the migration rate of differentiating hair shaft progenitors. Transcriptional profiling of Sox2 null DPs reveals increased Bmp6 and decreased Bmp inhibitor Sostdc1, a direct Sox2 transcriptional target. Subsequently, we identify upregulated Bmp signaling in knockout hair shaft progenitors and demonstrate that Bmps inhibit cell migration, an effect that can be attenuated by Sostdc1. A shorter and Sox2-negative hair type lacks Sostdc1 in the DP and shows reduced migration and increased Bmp activity of hair shaft progenitors. Collectively, our data identify Sox2 as a key regulator of hair growth that controls progenitor migration by fine-tuning Bmp-mediated mesenchymal-epithelial crosstalk. PMID:23153495

[Determination of Hair Shafts by InnoTyper® 21 Kit].

PubMed

Li, F; Zhang, M; Wang, Y X; Shui, J J; Yan, M; Jin, X P; Zhu, X J

2017-12-01

To explore the application value of InnoTyper® 21 kit in forensic practice. Samples of hair shafts and saliva were collected from 8 unrelated individuals. Template DNA was extracted by AutoMate Express™ forensic DNA automatic extraction system. DNA was amplified by InnoTyper® 21 kit and AmpFℓSTR™ Identifiler™ Plus kit, respectively, and then the results were compared. After the amplification by InnoTyper® 21 kit, complete specific genotyping could be detected from the saliva samples, and the peak value of genotyping profiles of hair shafts without sheath cells was 57-1 219 RFU. Allelic gene deletion could be found sometimes. When amplified by AmpFℓSTR™ Identifiler™ Plus kit, complete specific genotyping could be detected from the saliva samples, and the specific fragment was not detected in hair shafts without sheath cells. The InnoTyper® 21 kit has certain application value in the cases of hair shafts without sheath cells. Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine

Cylindrical surface profile and diameter measuring tool and method

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Currie, James R. (Inventor); Kissel, Ralph R. (Inventor); Smith, Earnest C. (Inventor); Oliver, Charles E. (Inventor); Redmon, John W., Sr. (Inventor); Wallace, Charles C. (Inventor); Swanson, Charles P. (Inventor)

1987-01-01

A tool is shown having a cross beam assembly made of beams joined by a center box structure. The assembly is adapted to be mounted by brackets to the outer end of a cylindrical case. The center box structure has a vertical shaft rotatably mounted therein and extending beneath the assembly. Secured to the vertical shaft is a radius arm which is adapted to rotate with the shaft. On the longer end of the radius arm is a measuring tip which contacts the cylindrical surface to be measured and which provides an electric signal representing the radius of the cylindrical surface from the center of rotation of the radius arm. An electric servomotor rotates the vertical shaft and an electronic resolver provides an electric signal representing the angle of rotation of the shaft. The electric signals are provided to a computer station which has software for its computer to calculate and print out the continuous circumference profile of the cylindrical surface, and give its true diameter and the deviations from the ideal circle.

Polygonal shaft hole rotor

DOEpatents

Hussey, John H.; Rose, John Scott; Meystrik, Jeffrey J.; White, Kent Lee

2001-01-23

A laminated rotor for an induction motor has a plurality of ferro-magnetic laminations mounted axially on a rotor shaft. Each of the plurality of laminations has a central aperture in the shape of a polygon with sides of equal length. The laminations are alternatingly rotated 180.degree. from one another so that the straight sides of the polygon shaped apertures are misaligned. As a circular rotor shaft is press fit into a stack of laminations, the point of maximum interference occurs at the midpoints of the sides of the polygon (i.e., at the smallest radius of the central apertures of the laminations). Because the laminates are alternatingly rotated, the laminate material at the points of maximum interference yields relatively easily into the vertices (i.e., the greatest radius of the central aperture) of the polygonal central aperture of the next lamination as the shaft is inserted into the stack of laminations. Because of this yielding process, the amount of force required to insert the shaft is reduced, and a tighter fit is achieved.

Comparative lubrication studies of OH-58A tail rotor drive shaft bearings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dietrich, M. W.; Parker, R. J.; Zaretsky, E. V.

1972-01-01

Comparative lubrication tests were run with OH-58A helicopter tail rotor drive shaft bearings. The tests were run in an outdoor environment with ambient temperatures ranging from 10 to 75 F. Dust was periodically applied to the bearings to simulate field conditions. The cause of bearing failure was associated with dust penetration. Rotor shaft failure was found to be caused by the shaft rotating in the standard rubber collar due to seizure of the bearings. Bearings with a positive rubbing seal having a MIL-G-81322 grease produced lives greater than with bearings having labyrinth seals and a mineral oil paste lubricant. An elongated collar prevented failure of the rotor shaft during bearing seizure. In a limited test, installation of tail boom shrouds over the bearings which excluded dust and water resulted in bearing lives in excess of 1800 hours or 1200 hours greater than the current 600 hours TBO, regardless of the lubricant-bearing combination used.

Drive-train dynamics technology - State-of-the-art and design of a test facility for advanced development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Badgley, R. H.; Fleming, D. P.; Smalley, A. J.

1975-01-01

A program for the development and verification of drive-train dynamic technology is described along with its basis and the results expected from it. A central feature of this program is a drive-train test facility designed for the testing and development of advanced drive-train components, including shaft systems, dampers, and couplings. Previous efforts in designing flexible dynamic drive-train systems are reviewed, and the present state of the art is briefly summarized. The design of the test facility is discussed with major attention given to the formulation of the test-rig concept, dynamic scaling of model shafts, and the specification of design parameters. Specific efforts envisioned for the test facility are briefly noted, including evaluations of supercritical test shafts, stability thresholds for various sources and types of instabilities that can exist in shaft systems, effects of structural flexibility on the dynamic performance of dampers, and methods for vibration control in two-level and three-level flexible shaft systems.

Synchronous motor with soft start element formed between the motor rotor and motor output shaft to successfully synchronize loads that have high inertia and/or high torque

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Umans, Stephen D; Nisley, Donald L; Melfi, Michael J

A line-start synchronous motor has a housing, a rotor shaft, and an output shaft. A soft-start coupling portion is operatively coupled to the output shaft and the rotor shaft. The soft-start coupling portion is configurable to enable the synchronous motor to obtain synchronous operation and to drive, at least near synchronous speed during normal steady state operation of the motor, a load having characteristics sufficient to prevent obtaining normal synchronous operation of the motor when the motor is operatively connected to the load in the absence of the soft-start coupling. The synchronous motor is sufficiently rated to obtain synchronous operationmore » and to drive, at least near synchronous speed during normal steady state operation of the motor, a load having characteristics sufficient to prevent obtaining normal synchronous operation of the motor when the motor is operatively connected to the load in the absence of the soft-start coupling.« less

[Hygienic and ergonomic analysis of the technology for sinking main and subsidiary mine shafts].

PubMed

Meniaĭlo, N I; Tyshlek, E G; Gritsenko, V S; Shemiakin, G M

1989-01-01

The labour conditions in mine shafts do not correspond to the existing ergonomic and hygienic norms. Drilling and blasting techniques are most hazardous as to the gravity and duration of the factors involved. Working conditions normalization should be based on the elaboration of specifically innovative technologies which should envisage the workers' periodic staying in the mine shaft area during the work shift.

4. INTERIOR VIEW OF BASEMENT. CENTRAL LINE SHAFTING RUNNING NORTHSOUTH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. INTERIOR VIEW OF BASEMENT. CENTRAL LINE SHAFTING RUNNING NORTH-SOUTH IS IN PLACE; AT RIGHT IS A PRESS FOR WORKING THE ALUMINUM SHEETS; E. W. BLISS CO. OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, MANUFACTURED THE PRESS. MACHINERY ORIGINALLY POWERED BY OVERHEAD BELTS CONNECTED TO CENTRAL LINE SHAFTS; BY ABOUT THE 1940s THE MACHINERY WAS ELECTRICALLY POWERED. - Illinois Pure Aluminum Company, 109 Holmes Street, Lemont, Cook County, IL

Telescoping low vibration pulling mechanism for Czochralski crystal growth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iseler, G. W.

1985-02-01

A telescoping low vibration pulling mechanism is described for use in Czochralski crystal growth apparatus, comprising a broached brushing which defines an internal circumference of teeth on the circumference of a splined shaft. The brushing is coupled to the means for rotation via a hollow tube and the splined shaft, couplable to a seed shaft, and an elevation means telescopes through said brushing within said hollow tube.

Anti-wear additive content in fully synthetic PAO and PAG base oils and its effect on electrostatic and tribological phenomena in a rotating shaft-oil-lip seal system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gajewski, Juliusz B.; Głogowski, Marek J.

2013-03-01

The paper presents the results of experiments on electrostatic and tribological aspects of different anti-wear additive's contents when an additive is blended with different fully synthetic (poly-α-olefin) and PAG (polyalkylene glycol) base oils in a rotating shaft-oil and oil-lip seal interfacial system. The experimental results are the relationships of electric potential induced in a lip seal's stiffening ring to angular velocity of a rotating metal shaft and to temperature of the oils tested. The braking torque of a shaft is measured with a torquemeter sensor connected directly with a microprocessor-based system for controlling the rotational speed and for measuring the shaft's braking torque and oil temperature. The beneficial and promising results are obtained for PAG when an external DC electric field is applied to the system and the braking torque is then reduced for a certain combination of the base oil and additive's contents. On the basis of the former and present research results an analysis is made to permit one to show how the type of the oils and additives tested can affect both interfaces: rotating shaft-oil and oil-lip of the lip seal and especially the braking torque.

[Recent advances in treatment of aseptic femoral shaft nonunion].

PubMed

Zhang, Wei; Chen, Hua; Tang, Peifu

2018-05-01

To review the recent advances in treatment of aseptic femoral shaft nonunion. The clinical studies about the treatments of aseptic femoral shaft nonunion in recent years were widely reviewed and analyzed. There are several surgical methods for aseptic femoral shaft nonunion. Due to uncertain clinical outcome, dynamization of nail should be carefully selected. The exchange nailing is suitable for the hypertrophic nonunion of the isthmal femoral shaft fracture. The exchange lateral plating is suitable for nonunion with obvious malformation. However, wave plate or dual plate should be chosen when the bone nonuinon is combined with the medial defect. The augmentation plating improves the success rate of nailing for femoral shaft nonunion, but it should be carefully selected for patients with obvious deformity or bone defect. Ilizarov technique is suitable for various bone nonunion, especially with complicated or large segmental bone defects. Induced membrane technique is also an important method for the treatment of bone nonunion with large bone defects. The clinical efficacy of the blocking screw remains to be supported by further evidence. Biological stimulants are mainly used for atrophic nonunion, and the clinical efficacy of them alone are still controversial. Due to lack of comparative studies between different surgical methods, the orthopedist should choose the appropriate treatment according to the individual situations of the patient and the types of bone nonunion.

Using the sensors of shaft position for simulation of misalignments of shafting supports of turbounits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumenko, A. I.; Kostyukov, V. N.; Kuz'minykh, N. Yu.; Timin, A. V.; Boichenko, S. N.

2017-09-01

Examples of using the method developed for the earlier proposed concept of the monitoring system of the technical condition of a turbounit are presented. The solution methods of the inverse problem—the calculation of misalignments of supports based on the measurement results of positions of rotor pins in the borings of bearings during the operation of a turbounit—are demonstrated. The results of determination of static responses of supports at operation misalignments are presented. The examples of simulation and calculation of misalignments of supports are made for the three-bearing "high-pressure rotor-middle-pressure rotor" (HPR-MPR) system of a turbounit with 250 MW capacity and for 14-supporting shafting of a turbounit with 1000 MW capacity. The calculation results of coefficients of the stiffness matrix of shaftings and testing of methods for solving the inverse problem by modeling are presented. The high accuracy of the solution of the inverse problem at the inversion of the stiffness matrix of shafting used for determining the correcting centerings of rotors of multisupporting shafting is revealed. The stiffness matrix can be recommended to analyze the influence of displacements of one or several supports on changing the support responses of shafting of the turbounit during adjustment after assembling or repair. It is proposed to use the considered methods of evaluation of misalignments in the monitoring systems of changing the mutual position of supports and centerings of rotors by half-couplings of turbounits, especially for seismically dangerous regions and regions with increased sagging of foundations due to watering of soils.

Femoral curvature variability in modern humans using three-dimensional quadric surface fitting.

PubMed

Chapman, Tara; Sholukha, Victor; Semal, Patrick; Louryan, Stéphane; Rooze, Marcel; Van Sint Jan, Serge

2015-12-01

This study analysed femoral curvature in a population from Belgium in conjunction with other morphological characteristics by the use of three-dimensional (3D) quadric surfaces (QS) modelled from the bone surface. 3D models were created from computed tomography data of 75 femoral modern human bones. Anatomical landmarks (ALs) were palpated in specific bony areas of the femur (shaft, condyles, neck and head). QS were then created from the surface vertices which enclose these ALs. The diaphyseal shaft was divided into five QS shapes to analyse curvature in different parts of the shaft. Femoral bending differs in different parts of the diaphyseal shaft. The greatest degree of curvature was found in the distal shaft (mean 4.5° range 0.2°-10°) followed by the proximal (mean 4.4° range 1.5°-10.2°), proximal intermediate (mean 3.7° range 0.9°-7.9°) and distal intermediate (mean 1.8° range 0.2°-5.6°) shaft sections. The proximal and distal angles were significantly more bowed than the intermediate proximal and the intermediate distal angle. There was no significant difference between the proximal and distal angle. No significant correlations were found between morphological characteristics and femoral curvature. An extremely large variability of femoral curvature with several bones displaying very high or low degrees of femoral curvature was also found. 3D QS fitting enables the creation of accurate models which can discriminate between different patterns in similar curvatures and demonstrates there is a clear difference between curvature in different parts of the shaft.

Influence of snow shovel shaft configuration on lumbosacral biomechanics during a load-lifting task.

PubMed

Lewinson, Ryan T; Rouhi, Gholamreza; Robertson, D Gordon E

2014-03-01

Lower-back injury from snow shovelling may be related to excessive joint loading. Bent-shaft snow shovels are commonly available for purchase; however, their influence on lower back-joint loading is currently not known. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare L5/S1 extension angular impulses between a bent-shaft and a standard straight-shaft snow shovel. Eight healthy subjects participated in this study. Each completed a simulated snow-lifting task in a biomechanics laboratory with each shovel design. A standard motion analysis procedure was used to determine L5/S1 angular impulses during each trial, as well as peak L5/S1 extension moments and peak upper body flexion angle. Paired-samples t-tests (α = 0.05) were used to compare variables between shovel designs. Correlation was used to determine the relationship between peak flexion and peak moments. Results of this study show that the bent-shaft snow shovel reduced L5/S1 extension angular impulses by 16.5% (p = 0.022), decreased peak moments by 11.8% (p = 0.044), and peak flexion by 13.0% (p = 0.002) compared to the straight-shaft shovel. Peak L5/S1 extension moment magnitude was correlated with peak upper body flexion angle (r = 0.70). Based on these results, it is concluded that the bent-shaft snow shovel can likely reduce lower-back joint loading during snow shovelling, and thus may have a role in snow shovelling injury prevention. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd and The Ergonomics Society. All rights reserved.

Brushless Low-Speed dc Tachometer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Handlykken, M. B.

1984-01-01

Proposed tachometer produces voltages proportional to shaft angular velocity and (by differentiation) acceleration. Coil moving in homopolar field generates emf proportional to shaft angular velocity.

The Effect of Arrow Mass and Shape on Penetration into a Target

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shyam, S.; Gurram, A.; Madireddy, S.

2016-12-01

We conducted an archery experiment in order to quantify how aerodynamic design impacted the depth of arrow impact. Research shows that the smaller the surface area of an object, the more easily it travels through the air and the deeper it penetrates a target (Benson 2014). Momentum also affects how far and fast the arrow will go and therefore, how deep it will penetrate into the target. Therefore, a combination of an arrow with greater momentum and better aerodynamics will help the arrow fly faster and penetrate the target deeper. Mass, velocity, momentum, acceleration, force, and drag are the factors that acted on our experiment and produced its results. We hypothesized that the arrow with a thin shaft and pointed arrowhead would penetrate deepest, as opposed to both arrows with no arrowheads or arrows with thick shafts and blunt arrowheads. We tested our hypothesis by having a well-trained archer shoot different types of arrows into a target. We used arrows with shaft lengths of 7 cm and 5.3 cm, coupled with either pointed, blunt, or no arrowhead. We measured the time to target and arrow penetration (in cm) to see which style reached the target the fastest and penetrated the deepest. The results demonstrated that arrows with thin shafts and pointed arrowheads penetrated our target the deepest, followed by arrows with thick shafts and blunt arrowheads. Arrows with thin shafts and blunt arrowheads came after, and arrows with thick shafts and pointed arrowheads came last in depth of penetration. The arrows with no arrowheads either barely penetrated the target, or bounced back. We were able to conclude that the thinner the shaft and the more pointed the arrowhead, the better the arrow cuts the air. This is because, according to the principles of aerodynamics, it creates less drag since the surface area is smaller. However, mass also plays an important role in force through momentum, which also significantly affected our results.

CUSHIONED BEARING

DOEpatents

Rushing, F.C.

1960-09-01

A vibration damping device effective to dampen vibrations occurring at the several critical speeds encountered in the operation of a high-speed centrifuge is described. A self-centering bearing mechanism is used to protect both the centrifuge shaft and the damping mechanism. The damping mechanism comprises spaced-apant, movable, and stationary sleeve members arranged concentrically of a rotating shaft with a fluid maintained between the members. The movable sleeve member is connected to the shaft for radial movement therewith.

Vibration Problems of Rotating Machinery due to Coupling Misalignments

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-05-01

driven couplings in which parallel but radially offset shafts are Joined, quite often through speed increasing or decreasing wheel ratios; 3) flexible...specified as offset or total indicator runout (TIR). Offset is defined as the amount one shaft is physically displaced from its *truely" aligned...position when measured from the other 0 shaft. Total indicator runout is the difference in dial indicator readings taken in a particular plane when the

Rotation sensor switch

DOEpatents

Sevec, John B.

1978-01-01

A protective device to provide a warning if a piece of rotating machinery slows or stops comprises a pair of hinged weights disposed to rotate on a rotating shaft of the equipment. When the equipment is rotating, the weights remain in a plane essentially perpendicular to the shaft and constitute part of an electrical circuit that is open. When the shaft slows or stops, the weights are attracted to a pair of concentric electrically conducting disks disposed in a plane perpendicular to the shaft and parallel to the plane of the weights when rotating. A disk magnet attracts the weights to the electrically conducting plates and maintains the electrical contact at the plates to complete an electrical circuit that can then provide an alarm signal.

Nuclear reactor control apparatus

DOEpatents

Sridhar, Bettadapur N.

1983-10-25

Nuclear reactor safety rod release apparatus comprises a ring which carries detents normally positioned in an annular recess in outer side of the rod, the ring being held against the lower end of a drive shaft by magnetic force exerted by a solenoid carried by the drive shaft. When the solenoid is de-energized, the detent-carrying ring drops until the detents contact a cam surface associated with the lower end of the drive shaft, at which point the detents are cammed out of the recess in the safety rod to release the rod from the drive shaft. In preferred embodiments of the invention, an additional latch is provided to release a lower portion of a safety rod under conditions that may interfere with movement of the entire rod.

Five-Axis, Three-Magnetic-Bearing Dynamic Spin Rig

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morrison, Carlos R.; Provenza, Andrew; Kurkov, Anatole; Mehmed, Oral; Johnson, Dexter; Montague, Gerald; Duffy, Kirsten; Jansen, Ralph

2005-01-01

The Five-Axis, Three-Magnetic-Bearing Dynamic Spin Rig is an apparatus for vibration testing of turbomachine blades in a vacuum at rotational speeds from 0 to 40,000 rpm. This rig includes (1) a vertically oriented shaft on which is mounted an assembly comprising a rotor holding the blades to be tested, (2) two actively controlled heteropolar radial magnetic bearings at opposite ends of the shaft, and (3) an actively controlled magnetic thrust bearing at the upper end of the shaft. This rig is a more capable successor to a prior apparatus, denoted the Dynamic Spin Rig (DSR), that included a vertically oriented shaft with a mechanical thrust bearing at the upper end and a single actively controlled heteropolar radial magnetic bearing at the lower end.

Field free, directly heated lanthanum boride cathode

DOEpatents

Leung, Ka-Ngo; Moussa, D.; Wilde, S.B.

1987-02-02

A directly heated cylindrical lanthanum boride cathode assembly is disclosed which minimizes generation of magnetic field which would interfere with electron emission from the cathode. The cathode assembly comprises a lanthanum boride cylinder in electrical contact at one end with a central support shaft which functions as one electrode to carry current to the lanthanum boride cylinder and in electrical contact, at its opposite end with a second electrode which is coaxially position around the central support shaft so that magnetic fields generated by heater current flowing in one direction through the central support shaft are cancelled by an opposite magnetic field generated by current flowing through the lanthanum boride cylinder and the coaxial electrode in a direction opposite to the current flow in the central shaft.

Conceptual Mean-Line Design of Single and Twin-Shaft Oxy-Fuel Gas Turbine in a Semiclosed Oxy-Fuel Combustion Combined Cycle.

PubMed

Sammak, Majed; Thorbergsson, Egill; Grönstedt, Tomas; Genrup, Magnus

2013-08-01

The aim of this study was to compare single- and twin-shaft oxy-fuel gas turbines in a semiclosed oxy-fuel combustion combined cycle (SCOC-CC). This paper discussed the turbomachinery preliminary mean-line design of oxy-fuel compressor and turbine. The conceptual turbine design was performed using the axial through-flow code luax-t, developed at Lund University. A tool for conceptual design of axial compressors developed at Chalmers University was used for the design of the compressor. The modeled SCOC-CC gave a net electrical efficiency of 46% and a net power of 106 MW. The production of 95% pure oxygen and the compression of CO 2 reduced the gross efficiency of the SCOC-CC by 10 and 2 percentage points, respectively. The designed oxy-fuel gas turbine had a power of 86 MW. The rotational speed of the single-shaft gas turbine was set to 5200 rpm. The designed turbine had four stages, while the compressor had 18 stages. The turbine exit Mach number was calculated to be 0.6 and the calculated value of AN 2 was 40 · 10 6 rpm 2 m 2 . The total calculated cooling mass flow was 25% of the compressor mass flow, or 47 kg/s. The relative tip Mach number of the compressor at the first rotor stage was 1.15. The rotational speed of the twin-shaft gas generator was set to 7200 rpm, while that of the power turbine was set to 4800 rpm. A twin-shaft turbine was designed with five turbine stages to maintain the exit Mach number around 0.5. The twin-shaft turbine required a lower exit Mach number to maintain reasonable diffuser performance. The compressor turbine was designed with two stages while the power turbine had three stages. The study showed that a four-stage twin-shaft turbine produced a high exit Mach number. The calculated value of AN 2 was 38 · 10 6 rpm 2 m 2 . The total calculated cooling mass flow was 23% of the compressor mass flow, or 44 kg/s. The compressor was designed with 14 stages. The preliminary design parameters of the turbine and compressor were within established industrial ranges. From the results of this study, it was concluded that both single- and twin-shaft oxy-fuel gas turbines have advantages. The choice of a twin-shaft gas turbine can be motivated by the smaller compressor size and the advantage of greater flexibility in operation, mainly in the off-design mode. However, the advantages of a twin-shaft design must be weighed against the inherent simplicity and low cost of the simple single-shaft design.

DETAIL VIEW OF CLASSIFIER, TAILINGS LAUNDER TROUGH, LINE SHAFTS, AND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

DETAIL VIEW OF CLASSIFIER, TAILINGS LAUNDER TROUGH, LINE SHAFTS, AND CONCENTRATION TABLES, LOOKING SOUTHWEST. SLURRY EXITING THE BALL MILL WAS COLLECTED IN AN AMALGAMATION BOX (MISSING) FROM THE END OF THE MILL, AND INTRODUCED INTO THE CLASSIFIER. THE TAILINGS LAUDER IS ON THE GROUND AT LOWER RIGHT. THE LINE SHAFTING ABOVE PROVIDED POWER TO THE CONCENTRATION TABLES BELOW AT CENTER RIGHT. - Gold Hill Mill, Warm Spring Canyon Road, Death Valley Junction, Inyo County, CA

Rotary Transformer Seals Power In

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Studer, P. A.; Paulkovich, J.

1982-01-01

Rotary transformer originally developed for spacecraft transfers electrical power from stationary primary winding to rotating secondary without sliding contacts and very little leakage of electromagnetic radiation. Transformer has two stationary primary windings connected in parallel. Secondary, mounted on a shaft that extends out of housing, rotates between two windings of primary. Shaft of secondary is composed of electrically conducting inner and outer parts separated by an insulator. Electrical contact is made from secondary winding, through shaft, to external leads.

FE-simulation of the Presta joining process for assembled camshafts - local widening of shafts through rolling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scherzer, R.; Silbermann, C. B.; Ihlemann, J.

2016-03-01

Considerable weight benefits and the option to combine various steel alloys of the single parts are the major advantages of assembled over conventional camshafts. The Presta joining process is the leading manufacturing method of assembled camshafts in the global market. The process is divided into two substeps. At first, the outer diameter of the shaft is widened with a profile oriented orthogonal to the shaft axis at the intended cam seat. At this position the shaft is subsequently joined with a cam with an internal profile oriented parallel to the shaft axis. As a result, these perpendicular profiles form a tight fit due to plastic deformations. Consequently the simulation of the manufacturing process has to start with the simulation of the rolling of the shaft. The resulting profile requested in this step is axisymmetric, but the arrangement of tools is not. Thus a three-dimensional model is required, which is presented in this work. Furthermore, the infeed of the rolling tool is unknown and controlled by the stiffness of the holders of the rolling tool. This work shows the modeling of this behavior. To predict realistic results for the underlying process, the use of precise material models is essential in order to take several hardening mechanisms into account. However, the use of complex material models implies additional effort, which is shown in this work.

Rotational viscometer for high-pressure, high-temperature fluids

DOEpatents

Carr, K.R.

1983-06-06

The invention is a novel rotational viscometer which is well adapted for use with fluids at high temperatures and/or pressures. In one embodiment, the viscometer include a substantially non-magnetic tube having a closed end and having an open end in communication with a fluid whose viscosity is to be determined. An annular drive magnet is mounted for rotation about the tube. The tube encompasses and supports a rotatable shaft assembly which carries a rotor, or bob, for insertion in the fluid. Affixed to the shaft are (a) a second magnet which is magnetically coupled to the drive magnet and (b) a third magnet. In a typical operation, the drive magnet is rotated to turn the shaft assembly while the shaft rotor is immersed in the fluid. The viscous drag on the rotor causes the shaft assembly to lag the rotation of the drive magnet by an amount which is a function of the amount of viscous drag. A first magnetic pickup generates a waveform whose phase is a function of the angular position of the drive magnet. A second magnetic pickup generates a waveform whose phase is a function of the angular position of the third magnet. Means are provided to generate an output indicative of the phase difference between the two waveforms. The viscometer is comparatively simple, inexpensive, rugged, and does not require shaft seals.

Fluid lubricated bearing assembly

DOEpatents

Boorse, Henry A.; Boeker, Gilbert F.; Menke, John R.

1976-01-01

1. A support for a loaded rotatable shaft comprising in combination on a housing having a fluid-tight cavity encasing an end portion of said shaft, a thrust bearing near the open end of said cavity for supporting the axial thrust of said shaft, said thrust bearing comprising a thrust plate mounted in said housing and a thrust collar mounted on said shaft, said thrust plate having a central opening the peripheral portion of which is hermetically sealed to said housing at the open end of said cavity, and means for supplying a fluid lubricant to said thrust bearing, said thrust bearing having a lubricant-conducting path connecting said lubricant supplying means with the space between said thrust plate and collar intermediate the peripheries thereof, the surfaces of said plate and collar being constructed and arranged to inhibit radial flow of lubricant and, on rotation of said thrust collar, to draw lubricant through said path between the bearing surfaces and to increase the pressure therebetween and in said cavity and thereby exert a supporting force on said end portion of said shaft.

Performance of a shaft seal system for the LE-7 rocket engine oxidizer turbopump

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oike, Mamoru; Nosaka, Masataka; Kikuchi, Masataka; Watanabe, Yoshiaki

An experimental study on a rotating-shaft seal system for a high-pressure liquid oxygen (LOX) turbopump has been conducted to develop the LE-7 engine for the Japanese H-II launch vehicle. The LOX turbopump rotating-shaft seal system, which prevents LOX (4.9 MPa) and the high-pressure turbine-drive gas (16.6 MPa, 970 K) from mixing during high-speed operations (18,000 to 20,000 rpm), consists of the following seals: an LOX seal comprising a floating-ring and a wear-ring, a turbine gas seal comprising two floating-rings, and a helium purge seal comprising two segmented circumferential seal-rings. This report describes experimental and observational results concerning the rotating-shaft seal system obtained in the LOX turbopump operations and the seal tests. Based on comparisons between the measurements and the analytical results, sealing characteristics of the seal system are discussed. Inspections of the sealing surfaces after the engine firing tests demonstrated that the LOX turbopump rotating-shaft seal system has sufficient durability for use in the LE-7 engine for the H-II launch vehicle.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ouji, Yukiteru; Yoshikawa, Masahide; Moriya, Kei

Wnts are deeply involved in the proliferation and differentiation of skin epithelial cells. We previously reported the differentiation of cultured primary skin epithelial cells toward hair shaft and inner root sheath (IRS) of the hair follicle via {beta}-catenin stabilization caused by Wnt-10b, however, the effects of Wnt-10b on cultured hair follicles have not been reported. In the present study, we examined the effects of Wnt-10b on shaft growth using organ cultures of whisker hair follicles in serum-free conditions. No hair shaft growth was observed in the absence of Wnt-10b, whereas its addition to the culture promoted elongation of the hairmore » shaft, intensive incorporation of BrdU in matrix cells flanking the dermal papilla (DP), and {beta}-catenin stabilization in DP and IRS cells. These results suggest a promoting effect of Wnt-10b on hair shaft growth that is involved with stimulation of the DP via Wnt-10b/{beta}-catenin signalling, proliferation of matrix cells next to the DP, and differentiation of IRS cells by Wnt-10b.« less

Electromagnetic brake/clutch device

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vranish, John M. (Inventor)

1994-01-01

An electromagnetic brake/clutch device includes a drive shaft supported by at least one bearing for transmitting torque, a housing, affixed to prevent its rotation, surrounding the drive shaft, and an electromagnetically activated device within the housing to selectively prevent and allow rotation of the drive shaft. The electromagnetically activated device includes a plurality of cammed rollers to prevent counter-clockwise rotation of the drive shaft. The drive shaft includes a circumferential disk and the housing includes a reaction ring for engagement with the plurality of cammed rollers. The plurality of cammed rollers are released from engagement with the circumferential disk and the reaction ring by a plurality of tripping mechanisms within the housing. The tripping action uses the locking force to act as a release force merely by changing the boundary conditions of the roller interface angles. The tripping mechanisms include trippers for disengaging the plurality of cammed rollers and an anvil shaped portion for providing lateral movement of the trippers. The plurality of cammed rollers is preloaded to engagement with the circumferential disk and reaction ring by a spring, and is located with respect to an adjacent tripping mechanism with another spring.

A non-linear mathematical model for dynamic analysis of spur gears including shaft and bearing dynamics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ozguven, H. Nevzat

1991-01-01

A six-degree-of-freedom nonlinear semi-definite model with time varying mesh stiffness has been developed for the dynamic analysis of spur gears. The model includes a spur gear pair, two shafts, two inertias representing load and prime mover, and bearings. As the shaft and bearing dynamics have also been considered in the model, the effect of lateral-torsional vibration coupling on the dynamics of gears can be studied. In the nonlinear model developed several factors such as time varying mesh stiffness and damping, separation of teeth, backlash, single- and double-sided impacts, various gear errors and profile modifications have been considered. The dynamic response to internal excitation has been calculated by using the 'static transmission error method' developed. The software prepared (DYTEM) employs the digital simulation technique for the solution, and is capable of calculating dynamic tooth and mesh forces, dynamic factors for pinion and gear, dynamic transmission error, dynamic bearing forces and torsions of shafts. Numerical examples are given in order to demonstrate the effect of shaft and bearing dynamics on gear dynamics.

Interference assembly and fretting wear analysis of hollow shaft.

PubMed

Han, Chuanjun; Zhang, Jie

2014-01-01

Fretting damage phenomenon often appears in the interference fit assembly. The finite element model of hollow shaft and shaft sleeve was established, and the equivalent stress and contact stress were computed after interference assembly. The assembly body of hollow shaft and shaft sleeve was in whirling bending load, and the contact status (sticking, sliding, and opening) and the distribution of stress along one typical contact line were computed under different loads, interferences, hollow degrees, friction coefficient, and wear quantity. Judgment formula of contact state was fixed by introducing the corrected coefficient k. The computation results showed that the "edge effect" appears in the contact surface after interference fit. The size of slip zone is unchanged along with the increase of bending load. The greater the interference value, the bigger the wear range. The hollow degree does not influence the size of stick zone but controls the position of the junction point of slip-open. Tangential contact stress increases with the friction coefficient, which has a little effect on normal contact stress. The relationship between open size and wear capacity is approximately linear.

Shaft flexibility effects on aeroelastic stability of a rotating bladed disk

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Khader, Naim; Loewy, Robert

1989-01-01

A comprehensive study of Coriolis forces and shaft flexibility effects on the structural dynamics and aeroelastic stability of a rotating bladed-disk assembly attached to a cantilever, massless, flexible shaft is presented. Analyses were performed for an actual bladed-disk assembly, used as the first stage in the fan of the 'E3' engine. In the structural model, both in-plane and out-of-plane elastic deformation of the bladed-disk assembly were considered relative to their hub, in addition to rigid disk translations and rotations introduced by shaft flexibility. Besides structural coupling between blades (through the flexible disk), additional coupling is introduced through quasisteady aerodynamic loads. Rotational effects are accounted for throughout the work, and some mode shapes for the whole structure are presented at a selected rpm.

Synchronous dynamics of a coupled shaft/bearing/housing system with auxiliary support from a clearance bearing: Analysis and experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lawen, James L., Jr.; Flowers, George T.

1995-01-01

This study examines the response of a flexible rotor supported by load sharing between linear bearings and an auxiliary clearance bearing. The objective is to develop a better understanding of the dynamical behavior of a magnetic bearing supported rotor system interacting with auxiliary bearings during a critical operating condition. Of particular interest is the effect of coupling between the bearing/housing and shaft vibration on the rotordynamical responses. A simulation model is developed and a number of studies are performed for various parametric configurations. An experimental investigation is also conducted to compare and verify the rotordynamic behavior predicted by the simulation studies. A strategy for reducing synchronous shaft vibration through appropriate design of coupled shaft/bearing/housing vibration modes is identified.

The use of two-axis high precision inclination sensors in determining headframe deflection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaśkowski, Wojciech; Jabłoński, Mateusz; Ulmaniec, Małgorzata; Paraszczuk, Krzysztof

2018-04-01

Reliability of transport equipment in the shaft depends, among other things, on the accuracy of the vertical foundation of the headframe together with elements of the hoisting equipment over the shaft. Any deviations beyond the installation and movement tolerances may cause incorrect or even dangerous operation of the hoisting equipment in the shaft. Therefore the headframe is subjected to periodic inventory measurements, which prevent the movement in the shaft and the smooth operation of the whole underground mine. The Wieliczka Salt Mine developed a project for the installation of precision Nivel 220 two-axis inclinometers on Kinga and Daniłowicz headframes. The paper summarizes the initial conclusions resulting from the first year of the system operation and indicates the directions of its development.

Preliminary Assessment of Seals for Dust Mitigation of Mechanical Components for Lunar Surface Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Delgado, Irebert R.; Handschuh, Michael J.

2010-01-01

Component tests were conducted on spring-loaded Teflon seals to determine their performance in keeping lunar simulant out of mechanical component gearbox, motor, and bearing housings. Baseline tests were run in a dry-room without simulant for 10,000 cycles to determine wear effects of the seal against either anodized aluminum or stainless steel shafts. Repeat tests were conducted using lunar simulants JSC-1A and LHT-2M. Finally, tests were conducted with and without simulant in vacuum at ambient temperature. Preliminary results indicate minimal seal and shaft wear through 10,000 cycles, and more importantly, no simulant was observed to pass through the seal-shaft interface. Future endurance tests are planned at relevant NASA Lunar Surface System architecture shaft sizes and operating conditions.

Influence of a Levelness Defect in a Thrust Bearing on the Dynamic Behaviour of AN Elastic Shaft

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

BERGER, S.; BONNEAU, O.; FRÊNE, J.

2002-01-01

This paper examines the non-linear dynamic behaviour of a flexible shaft. The shaft is mounted on two journal bearings and the axial load is supported by a defective hydrodynamic thrust bearing at one end. The defect is a levelness defect of the rotor. The thrust bearing behaviour must be considered to be non-linear because of the effects of the defect. The shaft is modelled with typical beam finite elements including effects such as the gyroscopic effects. A modal technique is used to reduce the number of degrees of freedom. Results show that the thrust bearing defects introduce supplementary critical speeds. The linear approach is unable to show the supplementary critical speeds which are obtained only by using non-linear analysis.

Enclosed rotary disc air pulser

DOEpatents

Olson, A. L.; Batcheller, Tom A.; Rindfleisch, J. A.; Morgan, John M.

1989-01-01

An enclosed rotary disc air pulser for use with a solvent extraction pulse olumn includes a housing having inlet, exhaust and pulse leg ports, a shaft mounted in the housing and adapted for axial rotation therein, first and second disc members secured to the shaft within the housing in spaced relation to each other to define a chamber therebetween, the chamber being in communication with the pulse leg port, the first disc member located adjacent the inlet port, the second disc member being located adjacent the exhaust port, each disc member having a milled out portion, the disc members positioned on the shaft so that as the shaft rotates, the milled out portions permit alternative cyclical communication between the inlet port and the chamber and the exhaust port and the chamber.

Cryogenic anti-friction bearing with reinforced inner race

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blount, Dale H. (Inventor)

1991-01-01

This invention consists of a bearing (26) designed to operate in a cryogenic environment and which has an inner raceway (30) generally constructed as an annular band fitted by an interference fit to a rotating shaft (12). A pair of annular tension bands (32, 34) are fitted onto opposed sides of the band and function to firmly clamp the raceway (30) to the shaft (12). This occurs because the tension bands are constructed of a material which, when cooled to aproximately -385.degree. F., shrinks more than the raceway (30) and the shaft (12) to which it is fitted. The bands further relax somewhat at room temperature and permit the interference fit between the raceway (30) and the shaft (12) to be sized such that the raceway (30) is not overly stessed.

48 CFR 225.7102-1 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

....7102-1 Policy. When acquiring the following forging items, whether as end items or components, acquire... propulsion shafts Excludes service and landing craft shafts. Periscope tubes All. Ring forgings for bull...

Dynamic behaviour analysis of an energy accumulation system comprising a composite flywheel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Portnov, G. G.; Kulakov, V. L.; Barinov, I. N.

1994-01-01

A simple system for energy accumulation comprising a rim and a massive shaft with elastic couplings was considered; the shaft runs in elastic damping bearings. Forced vibrations of the flywheel system induced by linear and angular eccentricities of composite rim were investigated. The effect of variation of different parameters of the system (stiffness of bearings, viscous friction coefficients of bearings, mass and moment of inertia of the shaft) on damping of radial and angular forced vibrations has been estimated.

Offset Compound Gear Inline Two-Speed Drive

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stevens, Mark A. (Inventor); Handschuh, Robert F. (Inventor); Lewicki, David G. (Inventor)

2012-01-01

A two-speed transmission having an input shaft and an output shaft, the transmission being capable of transitioning between fixed ratios, the high-range ratio being direct 1:1 and the low-range ratio being about 2:1. The transmission is a simple lightweight, yet robust, configuration utilizing only two gear meshes, being comprised of an input gear, a cluster gear, and an output gear. The transmission is controlled with a clutch and a sprag and with the input and output shafts turning in the same direction.

Striker Suitability Challenges in a Complex Threat Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-04-23

áåÑçêãÉÇ=ÅÜ~åÖÉ=======- 163 - = = large number of wheel spindles developed fatigue cracks and had to be replaced early. Drive shafts are also failing... spindles developing fatigue cracks – drive shafts breaking – prescribed tire pressure is 80 PSI, however, with slat armor/sandbags – must maintain...drive shafts , differentials – Impairs off-road ops, larger footprint • Though not designed primarily for the urban fight (MOUT), Stryker is well-suited

Design and test of a squeeze-film damper for a flexible power transmission shaft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Darlow, M. S.; Smalley, A. J.

1978-01-01

For a flexible shaft designed to pass through a number of bending critical speeds, a squeeze-film damper has been designed and tested. The damper properties were selected to provide control of all critical speeds, while meeting additional constraints of high power transmission requirements and damper simplicity. The damper was fabricated and installed and its ability to control flexible shaft vibrations was demonstrated by the comparison of vibration amplitudes both with and without the damper.

Offset Compound Gear Inline Two-Speed Drive

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stevens, Mark A. (Inventor); Handschuh, Robert F. (Inventor); Lewicki, David G. (Inventor)

2014-01-01

A two-speed transmission having an input shaft and an output shaft, the transmission being capable of transitioning between fixed ratios, the high-range ratio being direct 1:1 and the low-range ratio being about 2:1. The transmission is a simple lightweight, yet robust, configuration utilizing only two gear meshes, being comprised of an input gear, a cluster gear, and an output gear. The transmission is controlled with a clutch and a sprag and with the input and output shafts turning in the same direction.

20. VIEW OF ELEVATOR SHAFT FROM FIRST FLOOR TO SKYLIGHT, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

20. VIEW OF ELEVATOR SHAFT FROM FIRST FLOOR TO SKYLIGHT, LOOKING SKYWARD, NORTH - Bates Manufacturing Company, Storehouse, Northeast corner of Chestnut Street & Hines Alley, Lewiston, Androscoggin County, ME

Wound and surface temperatures in vivo in torsional and longitudinal modalities of ultrasound in coaxial microincisional cataract surgery

PubMed Central

Nair, Swapna; Nair, Ramachandran Unnikrishnan

2017-01-01

Background To study phacoemulsification probe shaft/wound and corneal surface/tip temperatures in vivo during longitudinal, torsional and combined phacoemulsification modes and their relationship to machine parameters. Design This was a prospective study at Chaithanya Eye Hospital and Research Institute, Trivandrum, India (tertiary). Participants Twenty-two eyes of 22 patients were randomized into six groups depending on the grade of nuclear sclerosis (NS) and the type of ultrasound used: Group 1, torsional in NS2; Group 2, torsional in NS3; Group 3, torsional with intermittent longitudinal in NS2; Group 4, torsional with intermittent longitudinal in NS3; Group 5, longitudinal in NS2; Group 6, longitudinal in NS3. Methods Patients underwent phacoemulsification by torsional, longitudinal or combined modalities. A thermal camera was used to measure phaco probe temperatures. Main outcome measures The mean probe shaft and tip temperatures were documented for different ultrasound modalities. Results The mean shaft and tip temperatures were: Group 1, 29.22°C±0.71°C and 28.4°C±0.88°C; Group 2, 32.12°C±0.62°C and 31.88°C±0.84°C; Group 3, 30.25°C±0.71°C and 29.35°C±0.62°C; Group 4, 31.95°C±0.65°C and 32.01°C±1.31°C; Group 5, 23°C and 27.6°C and Group 6, 23°C and 29.68°C, respectively. In all groups using longitudinal ultrasound, the phaco tip surface temperatures were higher than the shaft temperatures, except in Group 3. Shaft temperatures were higher than tip temperatures in cases using torsional phaco, except in Group 4. The mean temperature difference between groups was significant only for shaft temperatures (P=0.001). On thermal imaging, for torsional phaco, the rise in temperature of the probe from shaft to tip was dependent on the amplitude of ultrasound applied (P=0.009). Conclusion The shaft temperatures were higher than over the phaco tip during torsional phacoemulsification. PMID:28184151

Slip measurement in a frictional connection by torsional LDV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schäfer, Günter; Lohrengel, Armin; Hilgermann, Jan Lukas

2016-06-01

Frictional shaft-hub connections are often used in drive train applications. The classic version is fitted by a temperature difference between the cold shaft und the hot hub, or simply axial press-fitted at room temperature. The critical point in this type of connection is the contact pressure at the edge of the hub regarding the relative deformation between the shaft and the hub under dynamic operating loads. Another innovative version, the internal press-fit, leads to a tolerance insensitive lightweight design using a tube as shaft and a controlled plastic deformation by internal high pressure. The internal press-fit connection is a special research topic at the IMW, TU Clausthal. The use of internal high pressure allows to trigger the contact pressure at the edge of the hub on an optimum value. The product of contact pressure and slipway is the key value to determine the fatigue resistance and load capacity of this kind of connection. /1/ and /2/ defined a critical range of slipway amplitudes between 5 and 25 µm for fretting. The normal use and main function of a shaft-hub connection is the transmission of torque. Regarding the different torsional stiffness of the shaft and the hub, there will be a difference in deformation in the contact zone between the shaft and the hub, which is necessary to measure on a probe under oscillating torque load. The measurement on the test-rig in /3/ was done with a POLYTEC torsional LDV (controller OFV-4000, sensor head OFV-400). In general the continuously oscillating torque load allowed a serial measurement of the torsional movement of the shaft and the hub. The difference of the two maximum values is the expected slipway between the two parts in the critical zone at the edge of the hub. The main benefits of the Torsional LDV in this application are the very small measuring point (next to the contact), no influence on the probe, no special preparation of the probe and a really good resolution. The paper gives an overview to the technical background of the measured value, to the measuring setup, to the other used measuring techniques and to the measuring results.

High revision rate but good healing capacity of atypical femoral fractures. A comparison with common shaft fractures.

PubMed

Schilcher, Jörg

2015-12-01

Healing of complete, atypical femoral fractures is thought to be impaired, but the evidence is weak and appears to be based on the delayed healing observed in patients with incomplete atypical fractures. Time until fracture healing is difficult to assess, therefore we compared the reoperation rates between women with complete atypical femoral fractures and common femoral shaft fractures. We searched the orthopaedic surgical registry in Östergötland County for patients with subtrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures (ICD-10 diagnosis codes S72.2, S72.3 and M84.3F) between January 1st 2007 and December 31st 2013. Out of 895 patients with surgically treated femoral shaft fractures, 511 were women 50 years of age or older. Among these we identified 24 women with atypical femoral shaft fractures, and 71 with common shaft fractures. Reoperations were performed in 6 and 5 patients, respectively, odds ratio 4.4 (95% CI 1.2 to 16.1). However, 5 reoperations in the atypical fracture group could not be ascribed to poor healing. In 3 patients the reoperation was due to a new fracture proximal to a standard intramedullary nail. In 2 patients the distal locking screws were removed due to callus formation that was deemed incomplete 5 months post-operatively. The one patient with poor healing showed faint callus formation at 5 months when the fracture was dynamised and callus remained sparse at 11 months. Among patients with common shaft fractures, 2 reoperations were performed to remove loose screws, 2 because of peri-implant fractures and 1 reoperation due to infection. Reoperation rates in patients with complete atypical femoral fractures are higher than in patients with common shaft fractures. The main reason for failure was peri-implant fragility fractures which might be prevented with the use of cephalomedullary nails at the index surgery. Fracture healing however, seems generally good. A watchful waiting approach is advocated in patients with fractures that appear to heal slowly. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Improved circumferential shaft seal

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ludwig, L. P.; Strom, T. N.

1974-01-01

Comparative tests of modified and unmodified carbon ring seals showed that addition of helical grooves to conventional segmented carbon ring seals reduced leakage significantly. Modified seal was insensitive to shaft runout and to flooding by lubricant.

8. DETAIL VIEW NORTHWEST OF SOUTH TURBINE SHAFT AND PULLEY ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. DETAIL VIEW NORTHWEST OF SOUTH TURBINE SHAFT AND PULLEY WHEEL - Willimantic Linen Company, Mill No. 2, South Main Street opposite Durham Street, North bank Willimantic River, Windham, Windham County, CT

39. ENGINE LATHE, SANDER, AND LATHE WITH PATTERNS AND SHAFTS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

39. ENGINE LATHE, SANDER, AND LATHE WITH PATTERNS AND SHAFTS ABOVE-LOOKING NORTHWEST. - W. A. Young & Sons Foundry & Machine Shop, On Water Street along Monongahela River, Rices Landing, Greene County, PA

18. VIEW NORTHEAST, SHAFT, CAM, AND OPERATING ARM FOR NORTH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

18. VIEW NORTHEAST, SHAFT, CAM, AND OPERATING ARM FOR NORTH END LOCK, INBOARD SIDE OF WEST BASCULE GIRDER - Grand Street Bridge, Spanning Pequonnock River at Grand Street, Bridgeport, Fairfield County, CT

5. SHAFT HOUSE, EAST ELEVATION; VIEW TO THE NORTHWEST; (WASTE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. SHAFT HOUSE, EAST ELEVATION; VIEW TO THE NORTHWEST; (WASTE ROCK/SPOIL PILE IN THE FOREGROUND). - Joker Mine, Shafthouse, Medicine Bow National Forest, Northwest of Keystone, Keystone, Albany County, WY

1. SHAFT HOUSE, NORTH ELEVATION; (HEADFRAME INCORPORATED INTO THE STRUCTURE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. SHAFT HOUSE, NORTH ELEVATION; (HEADFRAME INCORPORATED INTO THE STRUCTURE IS VISIBLE AS THE PROJECTING SUPERSTRUCTURE). - Joker Mine, Shafthouse, Medicine Bow National Forest, Northwest of Keystone, Keystone, Albany County, WY

Shaft seal assembly for high speed and high pressure applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hadt, W. F.; Ludwig, L. P. (Inventor)

1979-01-01

A seal assembly is provided for reducing the escape of fluids from between a housing and a shaft rotably mounted in the housing. The seal assembly comprises a pair of seal rings resiliently connected to each other and disposed in side-by-side relationship. In each seal ring, both the internal bore surface and the radial face which faces away from the other seal ring are provided with a plurality of equi-spaced recesses. The seal faces referred to are located adjacent a seating surface of the housing. Under normal operating conditions, the seal assembly is stationary with respect to the housing, and the recesses generate life, keep the assembly spaced from the rotating shaft and allow slip therebetween. The seal assembly can seize on the shaft, and slip will then occur between the radial faces and the housing.

Failure analysis of a tool steel torque shaft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reagan, J. R.

1981-01-01

A low design load drive shaft used to deliver power from an experimental exhaust heat recovery system to the crankshaft of an experimental diesel truck engine failed during highway testing. An independent testing laboratory analyzed the failure by routine metallography and attributed the failure to fatigue induced by a banded microstructure. Visual examination by NASA of the failed shaft plus the knowledge of the torsional load that it carried pointed to a 100 percent ductile failure with no evidence of fatigue. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed this. Torsional test specimens were produced from pieces of the failed shaft and torsional overload testing produced identical failures to that which had occurred in the truck engine. This pointed to a failure caused by a high overload and although the microstructure was defective it was not the cause of the failure.

Use of negative-pressure dressings and split-thickness skin grafts following penile shaft reduction and reduction scrotoplasty in the management of penoscrotal elephantiasis.

PubMed

Stokes, Tracey H; Follmar, Keith E; Silverstein, Ari D; Weizer, Alon Z; Donatucci, Craig F; Anderson, Everett E; Erdmann, Detlev

2006-06-01

From 1988 to 2005, 8 men who presented with penoscrotal elephantiasis underwent penile shaft degloving and reduction scrotoplasty, followed by transplantation of a split-thickness skin graft (STSG) to the penile shaft. The etiology of elephantiasis in these patients included self-injection of viscous fluid and postsurgical obstructive lymphedema. In the 6 most recent cases, negative-pressure dressings were applied over the STSG to promote graft take, and STSG take rate was 100%. The results of our series corroborate those of a previous report, which showed circumferential negative-pressure dressings to be safe and efficacious in bolstering STSGs to the penile shaft. Furthermore, these results suggest that the use of negative-pressure dressings may improve graft take in this patient population.

Synchronous dynamics of a coupled shaft/bearing/housing system with auxiliary support from a clearance bearing: Analysis and experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lawen, James, Jr.; Flowers, George T.

1992-01-01

This study examines the response of a flexible rotor supported by load sharing between linear bearings and an auxiliary clearance bearing. The objective of the work is to develop a better understanding of the dynamical behavior of a magnetic bearing supported rotor system interacting with auxiliary bearings during a critical operating condition. Of particular interest is the effect of coupling between the bearing/housing and shaft vibration on the rotordynamical responses. A simulation model is developed and a number of studies are performed for various parametric configurations. An experimental investigation is also conducted to compare and verify the rotordynamic behavior predicted by the simulation studies. A strategy for reducing synchronous shaft vibration through appropriate design of coupled shaft/bearing/housing vibration modes is identified. The results are presented and discussed.

A simple method to extract DNA from hair shafts using enzymatic laundry powder.

PubMed

Guan, Zheng; Zhou, Yu; Liu, Jinchuan; Jiang, Xiaoling; Li, Sicong; Yang, Shuming; Chen, Ailiang

2013-01-01

A simple method to extract DNA from hair shafts was developed by using enzymatic laundry powder at the first step of the process. The whole extraction can be finished in less than 2 hours. The simple extraction reagent proposed here contains only two cheap components: ordinary enzymatic laundry powder and PCR buffer. After extraction, an ultra sensitive fluorescent nucleic acid stain, PicoGreen, was used for quantifying trace amount of double-stranded DNA in the solution extracted. For further validation of DNA extraction, four primers were employed to amplify DNA microsatellite loci. Both fluorescence spectroscopy and PCR results suggested that this method can extract DNA from hair shafts with good efficiency and repeatability. The study will greatly facilitate the use of hair shafts in future for DNA analyses on genome-wide scale.

Double-ended ceramic helical-rotor expander

DOEpatents

Mohr, Peter B.; Myers, Wendell B.

1995-01-01

A ceramic helical rotor expander using a double-ended or tandem herringbone type rotor arrangement with bearing and seal assemblies remote from the hot gas inlets and especially capable of operating at an inlet temperature of above 1100.degree. C. The rotors are solid or hollow and bonded to hollow metal shafts, and mounted in a composite or simple prismatic casing. The rotors, casing and shafts are constructed from low expansivity materials. In the preferred embodiment the rotors are constructed of silicon nitride and the shafts constructed of an molybdenum alloy, with the metal shafts being supported in bearings and secured to synchronizing gears. The rotors and casing may be provided with coolant channels therein, and are constructed to eliminate the problem of end leakages at inlet temperature and pressure, and the need for high temperature bearings and seals.

Double-ended ceramic helical-rotor expander

DOEpatents

Mohr, P.B.; Myers, W.B.

1995-02-28

A ceramic helical rotor expander is disclosed using a double-ended or tandem herringbone type rotor arrangement with bearing and seal assemblies remote from the hot gas inlets and especially capable of operating at an inlet temperature of above 1,100 C. The rotors are solid or hollow and bonded to hollow metal shafts, and mounted in a composite or simple prismatic casing. The rotors, casing and shafts are constructed from low expansivity materials. In the preferred embodiment the rotors are constructed of silicon nitride and the shafts constructed of an molybdenum alloy, with the metal shafts being supported in bearings and secured to synchronizing gears. The rotors and casing may be provided with coolant channels therein, and are constructed to eliminate the problem of end leakages at inlet temperature and pressure, and the need for high temperature bearings and seals. 3 figs.

Effects of Brass (Cu3Zn2) as High Thermal Expansion Material on Shrink Disc Performance During High Thermal Loading

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mazlan, MIS; Mohd, SA; Bahar, ND; Aziz, SAA

2018-03-01

This research work is focused on shrink disc operation at high temperature. Geometrical and material design selections have been done by taking into consideration the existing shrink disc operating at high temperature condition. The existing shrink disc confronted slip between shaft and shaft sleeve during thermal loading condition. The assessment has been obtained through virtual experiment by using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) -Thermal Transient Stress for 900 seconds with 300 °C of thermal loading. This investigation consists of the current and improved version of shrink disc, where identical geometries and material properties were utilized. High Thermal Expansion (HTE) material has been introduced to overcome the current design of the shrink disc. Brass (Cu3Zn2) has been selected as the HTE material in the improved shrink disc design due to its high thermal expansion properties. The HTE has shown a significant improvement on the total contact area and contact pressure on the shaft and the shaft sleeve. The improved shrink disc embedded with HTE during thermal loading exhibit a minimum of 1244.1 mm2 of the total area on shaft and shaft sleeve which uninfluenced the total contact area at normal condition which is 1254.3 mm2. Meanwhile, the total pressure of improved shrink disc had an increment of 108.1 MPa while existing shrink disc total pressure has lost 17.2 MPa during thermal loading.

Modification of Bushing Test Rig and Research of Variable Inlet Guide Vane Bushings For Further Development of PM304 Bushings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yanke, Anne

2004-01-01

PS304 is a high temperature solid lubricant coating comprised of a nickel-chrome binder, chrome oxide hardener, barium-calcium fluoride high temperature lubricant, and silver as the low temperature lubricant. This coating is used to lubricate Oil-Free Foil Air Bearings as they experience friction and wear during start up and shut down. The coating deposition process begins with undercutting the shaft. This area is then sandblasted to provide a rough surface for the coating to adhere to. The coating powder is then sent through the plasma spray gun and a reasonably thick layer is applied to the undercut area of the shaft. The coating is then ground down even with the surface of the shaft and gets a nice polished finish. The foil air bearings use the solid lubricant, as mentioned above, during start up and shut down. During normal operating conditions, generally above 2000RPM, the bearings utilize air as their lubricant. Foil air bearings are comprised of a thin top foil and a corrugated bump foil. They have an interference fit with the shaft before operation. As the air gets "trapped" between the top foil and the shaft, it presses the top foil against the bump foil, in turn compressing the bumps. As the bumps compress, it allows for the air to separate the top foil from the shaft, therefore, utilizing the trapped air as its lubricant.

[EFFECTIVENESS OF ADVANCED SKIN FLAP AND V-SHAPED VENTRAL INCISION ALONG THE ROOT OF PENILE SHAFT FOR CONCEALED PENIS].

PubMed

Lin, Junshan; Li, Dumiao; Zhang, Jianxing; Wu, Qiang; Xu, Yali; Lin, Li

2015-09-01

To investigate effectiveness of advanced skin flap and V-shaped ventral incision along the root of penile shaft for concealed penis in children. Between July 2007 and January 2015, 121 boys with concealed penis were treated with advanced skin flap and V-shaped ventral incision along the root of penile shaft. The age varied from 18 months to 13 years (mean, 7.2 years). Repair was based on a vertical incision in median raphe, complete degloving of penis and tacking its base to the dermis of the skin. Advanced skin flap and a V-shaped ventral incision along the root of penile shaft were used to cover the penile shaft. The operation time ranged from 60 to 100 minutes (mean, 75 minutes). Disruption of wound occurred in 1 case, and was cured after dressing change; and primary healing of incision was obtained in the others. The follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 7 years (median, 24 months). All patients achieved good to excellent cosmetic results with a low incidence of complications. The results were satisfactory in exposure of penis and prepuce appearance. No obvious scar was observed. The penis had similar appearance to that after prepuce circumcision. A combination of advanced skin flap and V-shaped ventral incision along the root of penile shaft is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for concealed penis with a similar appearance result to the prepuce circumcision.

Multifocal humeral fractures.

PubMed

Maresca, A; Pascarella, R; Bettuzzi, C; Amendola, L; Politano, R; Fantasia, R; Del Torto, M

2014-02-01

Multifocal humeral fractures are extremely rare. These may affect the neck and the shaft, the shaft alone, or the diaphysis and the distal humerus. There is no classification of these fractures in the literature. From 2004 to 2010, 717 patients with humeral fracture were treated surgically at our department. Thirty-five patients presented with an associated fracture of the proximal and diaphyseal humerus: synthesis was performed with plate and screws in 34 patients, and the remaining patient had an open fracture that was treated with an external fixator. Mean follow-up was 3 years and 3 months. A classification is proposed in which type A fractures are those affecting the proximal and the humeral shaft, type B the diaphysis alone, and type C the diaphysis in association with the distal humerus. Type A fractures are then divided into three subgroups: A-I, undisplaced fracture of the proximal humerus and displaced shaft fracture; A-II: displaced fracture of the proximal and humeral shaft; and A-III: multifragmentary fracture affecting the proximal humerus and extending to the diaphysis. Multifocal humeral fractures are very rare and little described in the literature, both for classification and treatment. The AO classification describes bifocal fracture of the humeral diaphysis, type B and C. The classification suggested in this article mainly concerns fractures involving the proximal and humeral shaft. A simple classification of multifocal fractures is suggested to help the surgeon choose the most suitable type of synthesis for surgical treatment. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Free Vibration Analysis of a Spinning Flexible DISK-SPINDLE System Supported by Ball Bearing and Flexible Shaft Using the Finite Element Method and Substructure Synthesis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

JANG, G. H.; LEE, S. H.; JUNG, M. S.

2002-03-01

Free vibration of a spinning flexible disk-spindle system supported by ball bearing and flexible shaft is analyzed by using Hamilton's principle, FEM and substructure synthesis. The spinning disk is described by using the Kirchhoff plate theory and von Karman non-linear strain. The rotating spindle and stationary shaft are modelled by Rayleigh beam and Euler beam respectively. Using Hamilton's principle and including the rigid body translation and tilting motion, partial differential equations of motion of the spinning flexible disk and spindle are derived consistently to satisfy the geometric compatibility in the internal boundary between substructures. FEM is used to discretize the derived governing equations, and substructure synthesis is introduced to assemble each component of the disk-spindle-bearing-shaft system. The developed method is applied to the spindle system of a computer hard disk drive with three disks, and modal testing is performed to verify the simulation results. The simulation result agrees very well with the experimental one. This research investigates critical design parameters in an HDD spindle system, i.e., the non-linearity of a spinning disk and the flexibility and boundary condition of a stationary shaft, to predict the free vibration characteristics accurately. The proposed method may be effectively applied to predict the vibration characteristics of a spinning flexible disk-spindle system supported by ball bearing and flexible shaft in the various forms of computer storage device, i.e., FDD, CD, HDD and DVD.

Diesel engine torsional vibration control coupling with speed control system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Yibin; Li, Wanyou; Yu, Shuwen; Han, Xiao; Yuan, Yunbo; Wang, Zhipeng; Ma, Xiuzhen

2017-09-01

The coupling problems between shafting torsional vibration and speed control system of diesel engine are very common. Neglecting the coupling problems sometimes lead to serious oscillation and vibration during the operation of engines. For example, during the propulsion shafting operation of a diesel engine, the oscillation of engine speed and the severe vibration of gear box occur which cause the engine is unable to operate. To find the cause of the malfunctions, a simulation model coupling the speed control system with the torsional vibration of deformable shafting is proposed and investigated. In the coupling model, the shafting is simplified to be a deformable one which consists of several inertias and shaft sections and with characteristics of torsional vibration. The results of instantaneous rotation speed from this proposed model agree with the test results very well and are successful in reflecting the real oscillation state of the engine operation. Furthermore, using the proposed model, the speed control parameters can be tuned up to predict the diesel engine a stable and safe running. The results from the tests on the diesel engine with a set of tuned control parameters are consistent with the simulation results very well.

Electrostatic and tribological phenomena and their effect on the braking torque in the shaft-oil-lip seal system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gajewski, Juliusz B.; Glogowski, Marek J.

2008-12-01

The former research [1] was carried out on the influence of tribocharging in a system: metal rotating shaft-oil-lip seal on its work, especially on changes in the shaft braking torque with the increasing angular shaft velocity and oil temperature. The results obtained suggested that there be a possibility of reducing the braking torque by an external electric field. The compensation for the electric field generated in the system by natural tribocharging was proposed. The reduction in the braking torque seemed possible while applying an external DC electric field to the system. In general, the torque tended to increase with the increasing DC electric field for a variety of the oils and lip seals used and for different shaft angular velocities (rotational speeds) and oil temperatures. The braking torque reduction was achieved only for one lip seal and some different oils, which was and is a promising, expected result. The research results were yet presented elsewhere [1-3] and here some novel attempt has been made to interpret the results obtained in their physical—tribological and especially electrostatic—aspects since there has been a lack of such an interpretation in the literature of the subject.

Coexistence of glutamatergic spine synapses and shaft synapses in substantia nigra dopamine neurons

PubMed Central

Jang, Miae; Bum Um, Ki; Jang, Jinyoung; Jin Kim, Hyun; Cho, Hana; Chung, Sungkwon; Kyu Park, Myoung

2015-01-01

Dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra have long been believed to have multiple aspiny dendrites which receive many glutamatergic synaptic inputs from several regions of the brain. But, here, using high-resolution two-photon confocal microscopy in the mouse brain slices, we found a substantial number of common dendritic spines in the nigral dopamine neurons including thin, mushroom, and stubby types of spines. However, the number of dendritic spines of the dopamine neurons was approximately five times lower than that of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Immunostaining and morphological analysis revealed that glutamatergic shaft synapses were present two times more than spine synapses. Using local two-photon glutamate uncaging techniques, we confirmed that shaft synapses and spine synapses had both AMPA and NMDA receptors, but the AMPA/NMDA current ratios differed. The evoked postsynaptic potentials of spine synapses showed lower amplitudes but longer half-widths than those of shaft synapses. Therefore, we provide the first evidence that the midbrain dopamine neurons have two morphologically and functionally distinct types of glutamatergic synapses, spine synapses and shaft synapses, on the same dendrite. This peculiar organization could be a new basis for unraveling many physiological and pathological functions of the midbrain dopamine neurons. PMID:26435058

A case report of a completely displaced stress fracture of the femoral shaft in a middle-aged male athlete - A precursor of things to come?

PubMed

Larsen, Peter; Elsoe, Rasmus; Rathleff, Michael S

2016-05-01

Displaced stress fractures of the femoral shaft are very uncommon. The proportion of middle-aged and older age groups participating in long-distance running, triathlon and other high intensity sports is increasing. As a consequence stress fracture of the femoral shaft may be on the rise in the future. The patient was 43 years old male caucasian triathlete. The authors met the patient after he was admitted with a displaced femoral shaft fracture. The fracture occurred during running at the national championship in ½ Ironman. The patient reported that his symptoms had gradually developed over the last month before the fracture with pain localized anterior to the thigh. The patient interpreted the symptoms as local muscle damage. A clinical examination was conducted by a physiotherapist and the symptoms were interpreted as a simple muscle injury in the quadriceps. When presented with a patient with non-traumatic, diffuse anterior thigh pain in an individual of this age, who is participating in high-level endurance running; clinicians should consider the possibility that the cause of the symptoms may be a femoral shaft stress fracture. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Clinic research on the treatment for humeral shaft fracture with minimal invasive plate osteosynthesis: a retrospective study of 128 cases.

PubMed

Chen, H; Hu, X; Yang, G; Xiang, M

2017-04-01

Minimal invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) is one of the most important techniques in the treatment for humeral shaft fractures. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of MIPO technique for the treatment for humeral shaft fractures. We retrospectively evaluated 128 cases with humeral shaft fractures that were treated with MIPO technique from March 2005 to August 2008. All the patients were followed up by routine radiological imaging and clinical examinations. Constant-Murley score and HSS elbow joint score were used to evaluate the treatment outcome. The average duration of the surgery was 60 min (range 40-95 min) without blood transfusion. All fractures healed without infection. All cases recovered carrying angle except four cases with 10°-15° cubitus varus. After the average follow-up of 23 (13-38) months, satisfactory function was achieved according to Constant-Murley score and HSS elbow joint score. Constant-Murley score was 80 on average (range 68-91). According to HSS elbow joint score, there were 123 cases of excellent clinical outcome and five cases of effective outcome. It seems to be a safe and effective method for managing humeral shaft fractures with MIPO technique.

Cylindrical surface profile and diameter measuring tool and method

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Currie, James R. (Inventor); Kissel, Ralph R. (Inventor); Oliver, Charles E. (Inventor); Smith, Earnest C. (Inventor); Redmon, John W. (Inventor); Wallace, Charles C. (Inventor); Swanson, Charles P. (Inventor)

1989-01-01

A tool is shown having a cross beam assembly (15) made of beams (18, 19, 20, 21) joined by a center box structure (23). The assembly (15) is adapted to be mounted by brackets (16) to the outer end of a cylindrical case (11). The center box structure (23) has a vertical shaft (25) rotatably mounted therein and extending beneath the assembly (15). Secured to the vertical shaft (25) is a radius arm (28) which is adapted to rotate with shaft (25). On the longer end of the radius arm (28) is a measuring tip (30) which contacts the cylindrical surface to be measured and which provides an electric signal representing the radius of the cylindrical surface from the center of rotation of the radius arm (28). An electric servomotor (49) rotates the vertical shaft (25) and an electronic resolver (61) provides an electric signal representing the angle of rotation of the shaft (25). The electric signals are provided to a computer station (73) which has software for its computer to calculate and print out the continuous circumference profile of the cylindrical surface, and give its true diameter and the deviations from the ideal circle.

Automatic detection system of shaft part surface defect based on machine vision

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Lixing; Sun, Kuoyuan; Zhao, Fulai; Hao, Xiangyang

2015-05-01

Surface physical damage detection is an important part of the shaft parts quality inspection and the traditional detecting methods are mostly human eye identification which has many disadvantages such as low efficiency, bad reliability. In order to improve the automation level of the quality detection of shaft parts and establish its relevant industry quality standard, a machine vision inspection system connected with MCU was designed to realize the surface detection of shaft parts. The system adopt the monochrome line-scan digital camera and use the dark-field and forward illumination technology to acquire images with high contrast; the images were segmented to Bi-value images through maximum between-cluster variance method after image filtering and image enhancing algorithms; then the mainly contours were extracted based on the evaluation criterion of the aspect ratio and the area; then calculate the coordinates of the centre of gravity of defects area, namely locating point coordinates; At last, location of the defects area were marked by the coding pen communicated with MCU. Experiment show that no defect was omitted and false alarm error rate was lower than 5%, which showed that the designed system met the demand of shaft part on-line real-time detection.

High speed internal permanent magnet machine and method of manufacturing the same

DOEpatents

Alexander, James Pellegrino [Ballston Lake, NY; EL-Refaie, Ayman Mohamed Fawzi [Niskayuna, NY; Lokhandwalla, Murtuza [Clifton Park, NY; Shah, Manoj Ramprasad [Latham, NY; VanDam, Jeremy Daniel [West Coxsackie, NY

2011-09-13

An internal permanent magnet (IPM) machine is provided. The IPM machine includes a stator assembly and a stator core. The stator core also includes multiple stator teeth. The stator assembly is further configured with stator windings to generate a magnetic field when excited with alternating currents and extends along a longitudinal axis with an inner surface defining a cavity. The IPM machine also includes a rotor assembly and a rotor core. The rotor core is disposed inside the cavity and configured to rotate about the longitudinal axis. The rotor assembly further includes a shaft. The shaft further includes multiple protrusions alternately arranged relative to multiple bottom structures provided on the shaft. The rotor assembly also includes multiple stacks of laminations disposed on the protrusions and dovetailed circumferentially around the shaft. The rotor assembly further includes multiple permanent magnets for generating a magnetic field, which interacts with the stator magnetic field to produce torque. The permanent magnets are disposed between the stacks. The rotor assembly also includes multiple bottom wedges disposed on the bottom structures of the shaft and configured to hold the multiple stacks and the multiple permanent magnets.

13. DETAIL OF INTERIOR OF ELEVATOR SHAFT. Hot Springs ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. DETAIL OF INTERIOR OF ELEVATOR SHAFT. - Hot Springs National Park, Bathhouse Row, Fordyce Bathhouse: Mechanical & Piping Systems, State Highway 7, 1 mile north of U.S. Highway 70, Hot Springs, Garland County, AR

9. DETAIL VIEW WEST OF MIDDLE TURBINE DRAFT TUBE, SHAFT, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. DETAIL VIEW WEST OF MIDDLE TURBINE DRAFT TUBE, SHAFT, AND PULLEY WHEEL - Willimantic Linen Company, Mill No. 2, South Main Street opposite Durham Street, North bank Willimantic River, Windham, Windham County, CT

30 CFR 57.6802 - Bulk delivery vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...-Surface and Underground § 57.6802 Bulk delivery vehicles. No welding or cutting shall be performed on a... removed. Before welding or cutting on a hollow shaft, the shaft shall be thoroughly cleaned inside and out...

Splineless coupling means

DOEpatents

Heitmann, Arnold M.; Lord, Jr., Richard E.

1982-01-01

In the first embodiment, the invention comprises an imperforate turbine wheel having a hub of polygonal cross-section engageable with a hollow shaft of polygonal conformation, and a thrust collar and bolt for fastening the shaft and wheel together.

Engine Structural Analysis Software

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McKnight, R. L.; Maffeo, R. J.; Schrantz, S.; Hartle, M. S.; Bechtel, G. S.; Lewis, K.; Ridgway, M.; Chamis, Christos C. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

The report describes the technical effort to develop: (1) geometry recipes for nozzles, inlets, disks, frames, shafts, and ducts in finite element form, (2) component design tools for nozzles, inlets, disks, frames, shafts, and ducts which utilize the recipes and (3) an integrated design tool which combines the simulations of the nozzles, inlets, disks, frames, shafts, and ducts with the previously developed combustor, turbine blade, and turbine vane models for a total engine representation. These developments will be accomplished in cooperation and in conjunction with comparable efforts of NASA Glenn Research Center.

Evaluation of Warm and Cold Shaft Designs for Large Multi-megawatt Direct Drive Offshore Superconducting Wind Generators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kulkarni, Devdatta; Chen, Edward; Ho, Mantak; Karmaker, Haran

For offshore large multi-megawatt direct drive wind generators, because of its ability to generate high flux fields, superconducting (SC) technology can offer significant size and mass reduction over traditional technologies. However, cryogenic cooling design remains as one of the major obstacles to overcome. Different cryogenic cooling designs, such as warm shaft and cold shaft rotor design, present different advantages and challenges technically and commercially. This paper presents the investigations on both designs for large SC generators from manufacturability and service perspectives.

Hermetic turbine generator

DOEpatents

Meacher, John S.; Ruscitto, David E.

1982-01-01

A Rankine cycle turbine drives an electric generator and a feed pump, all on a single shaft, and all enclosed within a hermetically sealed case. The shaft is vertically oriented with the turbine exhaust directed downward and the shaft is supported on hydrodynamic fluid film bearings using the process fluid as lubricant and coolant. The selection of process fluid, type of turbine, operating speed, system power rating, and cycle state points are uniquely coordinated to achieve high turbine efficiency at the temperature levels imposed by the recovery of waste heat from the more prevalent industrial processes.

Mechanism For Adjustment Of Commutation Of Brushless Motor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schaefer, Richard E.

1995-01-01

Mechanism enables adjustment of angular position of set of Hall-effect devices that sense instantaneous shaft angle of brushless dc motor. Outputs of sensors fed to commutation circuitry. Measurement of shaft angle essential for commutation; that is, application of voltage to stator windings must be synchronized with shaft angle. To obtain correct angle measurement for commutation, Hall-effect angle sensors positioned at proper reference angle. The present mechanism accelerates adjustment procedure and makes it possible to obtain more accurate indication of minimum-current position because it provides for adjustment while motor running.

Shaft transducer having dc output proportional to angular velocity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Handlykken, M. B. (Inventor)

1984-01-01

A brushless dc tachometer is disclosed that includes a high strength toroidal permanent magnet for providing a uniform magnetic field in an air gap, an annular pole piece opposite the magnet, and a pickup coil wound around the pole piece and adapted to rotate about the axis of the pole piece. The pickup coil is rotated by an input shaft to which the coil is coupled with the friction clip. The output of the coil is conducted to circuitry by a twisted wire pair. The input shaft also activates a position transducing potentiometer.

Application of an Aligned and Unaligned Signal Processing Technique to Investigate Tones and Broadband Noise in Fan and Contra-Rotating Open Rotor Acoustic Spectra

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miles, Jeffrey Hilton; Hultgren, Lennart S.

2015-01-01

The study of noise from a two-shaft contra-rotating open rotor (CROR) is challenging since the shafts are not phase locked in most cases. Consequently, phase averaging of the acoustic data keyed to a single shaft rotation speed is not meaningful. An unaligned spectrum procedure that was developed to estimate a signal coherence threshold and reveal concealed spectral lines in turbofan engine combustion noise is applied to fan and CROR acoustic data in this paper.

Bearing system

DOEpatents

Kapich, Davorin D.

1987-01-01

A bearing system includes backup bearings for supporting a rotating shaft upon failure of primary bearings. In the preferred embodiment, the backup bearings are rolling element bearings having their rolling elements disposed out of contact with their associated respective inner races during normal functioning of the primary bearings. Displacement detection sensors are provided for detecting displacement of the shaft upon failure of the primary bearings. Upon detection of the failure of the primary bearings, the rolling elements and inner races of the backup bearings are brought into mutual contact by axial displacement of the shaft.

Payout tension control system for reel mounted cable

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Winkler, Gerhard B.

1992-06-01

A payout control arm is angularly displaceable about a brake shaft during payout of a cable from a storage reel in response to tensioning forces transmitted through the cable from a payout load with the cable being entrained about a pulley rotatably carried on the control arm in spaced relation to the brake shaft. Gearing drivingly connects the pulley to the brake shaft to stop payout and cause the cable to frictionally grip the pulley in response to brake engagement thereby preventing continued transmittal of tensioning forces to the reel.

Low Leakage Turbine Shaft Seals for Advanced Combined Cycle Systems.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-11-01

Both used feedwater -supplied buffer water as required by advanced combined cycle steam turbomachinery. It was shown to be advantageous, at least from...RD-fi149 372 LOW LEAKAGE’TURBINE SHAFT SEALS FOR ADVANCED COMBINED 1/2- CYCLE SYSTEMS(U) SOLAR TURBINES INC SAN DIEGO CA G W HOSANG NOV 84 SR84-R...4622-36 N88824-7B-C-5345 UNCLASSIFIED F/1 i/i NL AIONA L RUEA OF B 20NADS16 Final Report N 4 <Low Leakage Turbine Shaft Seals for Advanced Combined Cycle

Weight and power savings shaft encoder interfacing techniques for aerospace applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Breslow, Donald H.

1986-01-01

Many aerospace applications for shaft angle digitizers such as optical shaft encoders require special features that are not usually required on commercial products. Among the most important user considerations are the lowest possible weight and power consumption. A variety of mechanical and electrical interface techniques that have large potential weight and power savings are described. The principles to be presented apply to a wide variety of encoders, ranging from 16 to 22 bit resolution and with diameters from 152 to 380 mm (6 to 15 in.).

Extension of the supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle to low reactor power operation: investigations using the coupled anl plant dynamics code-SAS4A/SASSYS-1 liquid metal reactor code system.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Moisseytsev, A.; Sienicki, J. J.

2012-05-10

Significant progress has been made on the development of a control strategy for the supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO{sub 2}) Brayton cycle enabling removal of power from an autonomous load following Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) down to decay heat levels such that the S-CO{sub 2} cycle can be used to cool the reactor until decay heat can be removed by the normal shutdown heat removal system or a passive decay heat removal system such as Direct Reactor Auxiliary Cooling System (DRACS) loops with DRACS in-vessel heat exchangers. This capability of the new control strategy eliminates the need for use of amore » separate shutdown heat removal system which might also use supercritical CO{sub 2}. It has been found that this capability can be achieved by introducing a new control mechanism involving shaft speed control for the common shaft joining the turbine and two compressors following reduction of the load demand from the electrical grid to zero. Following disconnection of the generator from the electrical grid, heat is removed from the intermediate sodium circuit through the sodium-to-CO{sub 2} heat exchanger, the turbine solely drives the two compressors, and heat is rejected from the cycle through the CO{sub 2}-to-water cooler. To investigate the effectiveness of shaft speed control, calculations are carried out using the coupled Plant Dynamics Code-SAS4A/SASSYS-1 code for a linear load reduction transient for a 1000 MWt metallic-fueled SFR with autonomous load following. No deliberate motion of control rods or adjustment of sodium pump speeds is assumed to take place. It is assumed that the S-CO{sub 2} turbomachinery shaft speed linearly decreases from 100 to 20% nominal following reduction of grid load to zero. The reactor power is calculated to autonomously decrease down to 3% nominal providing a lengthy window in time for the switchover to the normal shutdown heat removal system or for a passive decay heat removal system to become effective. However, the calculations reveal that the compressor conditions are calculated to approach surge such that the need for a surge control system for each compressor is identified. Thus, it is demonstrated that the S-CO{sub 2} cycle can operate in the initial decay heat removal mode even with autonomous reactor control. Because external power is not needed to drive the compressors, the results show that the S-CO{sub 2} cycle can be used for initial decay heat removal for a lengthy interval in time in the absence of any off-site electrical power. The turbine provides sufficient power to drive the compressors. Combined with autonomous reactor control, this represents a significant safety advantage of the S-CO{sub 2} cycle by maintaining removal of the reactor power until the core decay heat falls to levels well below those for which the passive decay heat removal system is designed. The new control strategy is an alternative to a split-shaft layout involving separate power and compressor turbines which had previously been identified as a promising approach enabling heat removal from a SFR at low power levels. The current results indicate that the split-shaft configuration does not provide any significant benefits for the S-CO{sub 2} cycle over the current single-shaft layout with shaft speed control. It has been demonstrated that when connected to the grid the single-shaft cycle can effectively follow the load over the entire range. No compressor speed variation is needed while power is delivered to the grid. When the system is disconnected from the grid, the shaft speed can be changed as effectively as it would be with the split-shaft arrangement. In the split-shaft configuration, zero generator power means disconnection of the power turbine, such that the resulting system will be almost identical to the single-shaft arrangement. Without this advantage of the split-shaft configuration, the economic benefits of the single-shaft arrangement, provided by just one turbine and lower losses at the design point, are more important to the overall cycle performance. Therefore, the single-shaft configuration shall be retained as the reference arrangement for S-CO{sub 2} cycle power converter preconceptual designs. Improvements to the ANL Plant Dynamics Code have been carried out. The major code improvement is the introduction of a restart capability which simplifies investigation of control strategies for very long transients. Another code modification is transfer of the entire code to a new Intel Fortran complier; the execution of the code using the new compiler was verified by demonstrating that the same results are obtained as when the previous Compaq Visual Fortran compiler was used.« less

Development of elements of the condition monitoring system of turbo generators of thermal power stations and nuclear power plants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumenko, A. I.; Kostyukov, V. N.; Kuz'minykh, N. Yu.; Boichenko, S. N.; Timin, A. V.

2017-08-01

The rationale is given for the improvement of the regulatory framework for the use of shaft sensors for the in-service condition monitoring of turbo generators and the development of control systems of shaft surfacing and misalignments of supports. A modern concept and a set of methods are proposed for the condition monitoring of the "shaft line-thrust bearing oil film-turbo generator supports" system elements based on the domestic COMPACS® technology. The system raw data are design, technology, installation, and operating parameters of the turbo generator as well as measured parameters of the absolute vibration of supports and mechanical quantities, relative displacements and relative vibration of the rotor teeth in accordance with GOST R 55263-2012. The precalculated shaft line assembly line in the cold state, the nominal parameters of rotor teeth positions on the dynamic equilibrium curve, the static and dynamic characteristics of the oil film of thrust bearings, and the shaft line stiffness matrix of unit support displacements have been introduced into the system. Using the COMPACS-T system, it is planned to measure positions and oscillations of rotor teeth, to count corresponding static and dynamic characteristics of the oil film, and the static and dynamic loads in the supports in real time. Using the obtained data, the system must determine the misalignments of supports and corrective alignments of rotors of coupling halves, voltages in rotor teeth, welds, and bolts of the coupling halves, and provide automatic conclusion if condition monitoring parameters correspond to standard values. A part of the methodological support for the proposed system is presented, including methods for determining static reactions of supports under load, the method for determining shaft line stiffness matrices, and the method for solving the inverse problem, i.e., the determination of the misalignments of the supports by measurements of rotor teeth relative positions in bearing housings. The procedure for calculating misalignments of turbo generator shaft line supports is set out.

Ant-nest ichnofossils in honeycomb calcretes, Neogene Ogallala Formation, High Plains region of western Kansas, U.S.A.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Smith, J.J.; Platt, B.F.; Ludvigson, Greg A.; Thomasson, J.R.

2011-01-01

Two new ant-nest trace fossils are described from calcic sandy paleosols of the Neogene Ogallala Formation in western Kansas. The ichnofossils are preserved within and below calcrete beds weathering in positive relief as carbonate-filled casts or as cavities in negative relief. Daimoniobarax ichnogenus nov. is established for burrow systems composed of vertically tiered, horizontally oriented pancake-shaped chambers connected by predominantly vertical and cylindrical shafts ~. 0.8. cm in diameter. Ichnospecies of Daimoniobarax are differentiated based on differences in the plan view outline of chambers, shaft orientation, and junctions between chambers and shafts.Daimoniobarax nephroides ichnospecies nov. is composed of an ~. 24-76. cm long vertical sequence of distinctly lobed chambers (~. 2-20. cm wide and ~. 1. cm high) arranged along sinuous to helical shafts. Chamber shape in plan view ranges from small teardrops to larger kidney- and U-shaped forms. Shafts intersect at chamber edges such that chambers appear to bud from the central shafts. Daimoniobarax nephroides is most similar to the nests of extant seed-harvester ants of the New World genus Pogonomyrmex. Such ants are specialized granivores and prefer sandy soils in arid to semi-arid grassland and desert regions.Daimoniobarax tschinkeli ichnospecies nov. is ~. 30-80. cm in vertical extent. Chambers (~. 2-30. cm wide and ~. 1. cm high) are circular to elongate or pseudopodial in plan view. Vertical shafts are straight to slightly sinuous and intersect most often toward the center of the chambers. The generalized architecture of D. tschinkeli is similar to that of the nests or nest portions of several extant ant genera, though it does not closely resemble any known modern nest.Ant ichnofossils provide valuable information on hidden biodiversity, paleohydrologic regimes, paleopedogenic processes, and paleoclimate during the time of nest occupation. Depth-related changes in chamber size and vertical spacing may also help interpret paleosurfaces and paleodepths, and serve as geopetal features. ?? 2011 Elsevier B.V.

Enhancing Lipoaspirate Efficiency by Altering Liposuction Cannula Design

PubMed Central

Davis, Kathryn; Rohrich, Rod J.

2014-01-01

Background: Interplay between the components of a lipoplasty system (suction pump, suction tubing, collection canister, and cannula) determines liposuction efficiency. However, in clinical practice, none of the components are more important than the cannula. Cannula design including port design, port placement, and shaft characteristics is the single most influential contributor to flow resistance and dramatically effects speed of aspiration and final contour. Many variations on port design and placement are available, yet functional enhancements to the cannula shaft have largely been ignored. We have engineered a set of novel cannulas addressing vital elements of cannula design in the effort to enhance aspiration efficiency and efficacy. Methods: Two novel cannula designs (dual- and multiport, in-line configuration), created using a unique proprietary manufacturing process, were evaluated against a popular industry standard design (tri-port, Mercedes configuration) to assess aspiration efficiency. Cannulas with shaft diameters of 3, 4, and 5 mm were attached to a standardized lipoplasty system and evaluated in real time for their ability to aspirate a viscous applesauce medium over a 5-minute time course. For each cannula, we calculated (1) the cross-sectional area of the cannula shaft, (2) single and total port area, (3) port-to-shaft ratio, and (4) theoretical resistance. Results: The relationship between the cannula shaft and cannula port(s) directly influenced flow dynamics. Comparing medium uptake time, aspiration efficiency and the aspiration curves demonstrated a significant improvement of the 2 novel cannulas over the standard cannula in the 5- and 4-mm designations. In the 3-mm group, a difference in uptake time remained. However, a significant difference in aspiration efficiency was only seen between the dual-port novel cannula and tri-port Mercedes standard cannula. Further, differences in the aspiration curves between all 3-mm cannulas approached but did not reach significance. Conclusions: We have developed 2 novel cannulas that maximize port features and seek to minimize the internal shaft resistance. Both designs demonstrate enhanced aspiration and uptake compared with an industry standard design. PMID:25426339

Enhancing lipoaspirate efficiency by altering liposuction cannula design.

PubMed

Beck, Daniel O; Davis, Kathryn; Rohrich, Rod J

2014-10-01

Interplay between the components of a lipoplasty system (suction pump, suction tubing, collection canister, and cannula) determines liposuction efficiency. However, in clinical practice, none of the components are more important than the cannula. Cannula design including port design, port placement, and shaft characteristics is the single most influential contributor to flow resistance and dramatically effects speed of aspiration and final contour. Many variations on port design and placement are available, yet functional enhancements to the cannula shaft have largely been ignored. We have engineered a set of novel cannulas addressing vital elements of cannula design in the effort to enhance aspiration efficiency and efficacy. Two novel cannula designs (dual- and multiport, in-line configuration), created using a unique proprietary manufacturing process, were evaluated against a popular industry standard design (tri-port, Mercedes configuration) to assess aspiration efficiency. Cannulas with shaft diameters of 3, 4, and 5 mm were attached to a standardized lipoplasty system and evaluated in real time for their ability to aspirate a viscous applesauce medium over a 5-minute time course. For each cannula, we calculated (1) the cross-sectional area of the cannula shaft, (2) single and total port area, (3) port-to-shaft ratio, and (4) theoretical resistance. The relationship between the cannula shaft and cannula port(s) directly influenced flow dynamics. Comparing medium uptake time, aspiration efficiency and the aspiration curves demonstrated a significant improvement of the 2 novel cannulas over the standard cannula in the 5- and 4-mm designations. In the 3-mm group, a difference in uptake time remained. However, a significant difference in aspiration efficiency was only seen between the dual-port novel cannula and tri-port Mercedes standard cannula. Further, differences in the aspiration curves between all 3-mm cannulas approached but did not reach significance. We have developed 2 novel cannulas that maximize port features and seek to minimize the internal shaft resistance. Both designs demonstrate enhanced aspiration and uptake compared with an industry standard design.

Mining Survey System (MSS) - innovative solution in Polish mines. (Polish Title: Mobilna Platforma Gurnicza (MPG) - nowatorskim rozwilazaniem w polskich kopalniach)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adamek, A.

2015-12-01

Mobile laser scanning technology is developing rapidly also in mining. For several years research and tests are conducted on the use of that type of measurement in the inventory of the mine shafts. The company SKALA 3D in the project 1.4 POIG by PARP undertook to create Mobile automatic steering system of spatial geometry measurements mine shafts using laser scanning technology. Its main advantage is a faithful reflection of the object being measured in just a few hours. It is based on the data flowing from laser scanners and precision inertial unit. The main problem of the research was to determine the trajectory of the passing Mobile Platforms Mining (MPG) in the shaft as accurately as possible. Unable to receive signals from satellites in the pipe shaft prevented the use of solutions known for measuring terrestrial mobile systems. The company SKALA 3D has developed a methodology for determine the trajectory of the system, based on geometrical data coming from laser scanners and readings of accelerometers and gyroscopes of inertial unit. To improve the quality and accuracy of measurements MPG is also equipped with a set of anti-vibration parts prevent the transmission of vibrations ascending while cage is moving in the shaft on the measuring system. The whole forms a calibrated system, which in a short time is able to provide spatial measurement data from the measuring shaft. The accuracy of 2-3 mm in a single measurement horizon and a few centimeters determine the position of a point on the thousandth meter below ground make the system very accurate. During the project there have been numerous research problems, including the need to define the physical references, drift of IMU whether harsh weather conditions in the shaft. However, the company SKALA 3D solved these problems and making MPG unique in the world.

[Comparison of shaft temperature related treatment efficacy between "air-cooled" microwave coagulation and traditional microwave coagulation].

PubMed

Zheng, Yun; Li, Jin-Qing; Chen, Min-Shan; Zhang, Yao-Jun; Zhang, Ya-Qi

2004-11-01

The application and development of traditional percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) has been limited by high shaft temperature. The "air-cooled" PMCT is the newest advancement. This study was to compare shaft temperature related treatment efficacy between "air-cooled" PMCT and traditional PMCT. Two pigs underwent traditional PMCT, and "air-cooled" PMCT at 80 W for 10 min separately. Skin injury, surface temperature of guide-needle, charring tissue sticking to the shaft, and lesion shape in 2 pigs were compared. Five patients with liver tumor received traditional PMCT, and 8 patients with liver tumor received "air-cooled" PMCT. Feeling of pain, skin injury, charring tissue sticking to the shaft, local therapeutic efficacy, and recurrence of these 2 groups of patients were compared. In the pig underwent traditional PMCT, surface temperature of guide-needle reached 119-160 Centigrade; skin burn around puncture points was serious; charring tissue stuck to the front of electrodes; a trail sign was observed in coagulated lesion. In the pig underwent "air-cooled" PMCT, surface temperature of guide-needle was 28.8-39.9 Centigrade; no skin injury was found around puncture points; no charring tissue stuck to the front of electrodes; no obvious trail sign was observed in coagulated lesion. In 5 patients received traditional PMCT, 3 had skin injury; 2 had charring tissue stuck to the front of electrode; all felt moderate or serious epigastric pain lasted for 1-8 weeks; 4 had complete coagulation; 1 had local recurrence. In 8 patients received "air-cooled" PMCT, no one had skin injury, and charring tissue stuck to "air-cooled" electrode; 4 felt slight epigastric pain within 1 week; all had complete coagulation; no local recurrence was found. The technique of "air-cooled" electrode may decrease temperature of shaft safely and reliably, and eliminate side effects arose from high temperature of shaft. Treatment efficacy of "air-cooled" PMCT is better than that of traditional PMCT.

Optimal hydraulic design of new-type shaft tubular pumping system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, H. G.; Zhang, R. T.; Zhou, J. R.

2012-11-01

Based on the characteristics of large flow rate, low-head, short annual operation time and high reliability of city flood-control pumping stations, a new-type shaft tubular pumping system featuring shaft suction box, siphon-type discharge passage with vacuum breaker as cutoff device was put forward, which possesses such advantages as simpler structure, reliable cutoff and higher energy performance. According to the design parameters of a city flood control pumping station, a numerical computation model was set up including shaft-type suction box, siphon-type discharge passage, pump impeller and guide vanes. By using commercial CFD software Fluent, RNG κ-epsilon turbulence model was adopted to close the three-dimensional time-averaged incompressible N-S equations. After completing optimal hydraulic design of shaft-type suction box, and keeping the parameters of total length, maximum width and outlet section unchanged, siphon-type discharge passages of three hump locations and three hump heights were designed and numerical analysis on the 9 hydraulic design schemes of pumping system were proceeded. The computational results show that the changing of hump locations and hump heights directly affects the internal flow patterns of discharge passages and hydraulic performances of the system, and when hump is located 3.66D from the inlet section and hump height is about 0.65D (D is the diameter of pump impeller), the new-type shaft tubular pumping system achieves better energy performances. A pumping system model test of the optimal designed scheme was carried out. The result shows that the highest pumping system efficiency reaches 75.96%, and when at design head of 1.15m the flow rate and system efficiency were 0.304m3/s and 63.10%, respectively. Thus, the validity of optimal design method was verified by the model test, and a solid foundation was laid for the application and extension of the new-type shaft tubular pumping system.

Shaft Seal Compensates for Cold Flow

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Myers, W. N.; Hein, L. A.

1985-01-01

Seal components easy to install. Ring seal for rotating or reciprocating shafts spring-loaded to compensate for slow yielding (cold flow) of sealing material. New seal relatively easy to install because components preassembled, then installed in one piece.

75 FR 38539 - Notice of Availability of Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement Updating Cumulative...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-02

... impacts to air quality, minerals, Native American and cultural resources, water, vegetation, grazing..., including construction of five shafts to access the ore bodies, shaft hoists, a waste rock disposal facility...

17. TOP OF TURBINE LOOKING NORTHWEST. SHAFT TO GENERATOR IN ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

17. TOP OF TURBINE LOOKING NORTHWEST. SHAFT TO GENERATOR IN CENTER. - Potomac Power Plant, On West Virginia Shore of Potomac River, about 1 mile upriver from confluence with Shenandoah River, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, WV

15. FAN HOUSE ON TOP OF ELEVATOR SHAFT. Hot ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

15. FAN HOUSE ON TOP OF ELEVATOR SHAFT. - Hot Springs National Park, Bathhouse Row, Fordyce Bathhouse: Mechanical & Piping Systems, State Highway 7, 1 mile north of U.S. Highway 70, Hot Springs, Garland County, AR

173. STORAGE ROOM, LOOKING WEST FROM ELEVATOR SHAFT INTO STORAGE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

173. STORAGE ROOM, LOOKING WEST FROM ELEVATOR SHAFT INTO STORAGE AREA ADDED AS PART OF 1905 ELEVATOR ADDITION. - Gruber Wagon Works, Pennsylvania Route 183 & State Hill Road at Red Bridge Park, Bernville, Berks County, PA

Performance of pile supported sign structures : [brief].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-05-01

Sign structures in Wisconsin are typically supported by drilled shaft foundations or spread : footing foundations. However, when the soil conditions are not suitable to be supported on : drilled shafts or spread footings, a group of piles could suppo...

41. PATTERN STORAGE, GRIND STONE, WATER TANK, SHAFTING, AND TABLE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

41. PATTERN STORAGE, GRIND STONE, WATER TANK, SHAFTING, AND TABLE SAW (L TO R)-LOOKING WEST. - W. A. Young & Sons Foundry & Machine Shop, On Water Street along Monongahela River, Rices Landing, Greene County, PA

40. MAIN DRIVE SHAFT IN CENTER, PATTERN STORAGE IN REAR, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

40. MAIN DRIVE SHAFT IN CENTER, PATTERN STORAGE IN REAR, WATER TANK AT RIGHT-LOOKING EAST. - W. A. Young & Sons Foundry & Machine Shop, On Water Street along Monongahela River, Rices Landing, Greene County, PA

Attenuating mass concrete effects in drilled shafts.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-09-01

Drilled shafts are large diameter cast in place concrete foundation elements that until recently were not viewed with the same scrutiny as other massive concrete elements when considering mass concrete aspects. This study addressed three aspects of t...

30 CFR 56.6802 - Bulk delivery vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... § 56.6802 Bulk delivery vehicles. No welding or cutting shall be performed on a bulk delivery vehicle... cutting on a hollow shaft, the shaft shall be thoroughly cleaned inside and out and vented with a minimum...

80. VIEW OF PLACING WHEELS IN SHAFT OF NO. 2 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

80. VIEW OF PLACING WHEELS IN SHAFT OF NO. 2 UNIT IN POSITION. OVERVIEW LOOKING EAST IN THE POWERHOUSE, Print No. 234, April 1904 - Electron Hydroelectric Project, Along Puyallup River, Electron, Pierce County, WA

Experience in sealing water bearing strata during deep shaft sinking

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kipko, E. Ja.; Polozov, Ju. A.; Lagunov, V. A.; Lushnikova, O. Ju.

1984-12-01

The paper deals with major concepts of grouting through holes drilled from the surface. The results of grouting through a single borehole at the location of two 1090 m deep shafts in Donbass are presented.

Looking southwest at the motor, drive shaft, and stokers for ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Looking southwest at the motor, drive shaft, and stokers for boilers numbers 1 through 6. - Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel Corporation, Allenport Works, Boiler House, Route 88 on West bank of Monongahela River, Allenport, Washington County, PA

Investigation of the performance of self-consolidating concrete in drilled shafts.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-01-01

This report summarizes the New Hampshire Department of Transportations (NHDOT) investigation of : the performance of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) when used in drilled shaft applications. SCC and : conventional concrete (CC) piles were evaluat...

Behavior of drilled shafts with high-strength reinforcement and casing.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-09-01

Drilled shafts provide significant geotechnical resistance for support of highway bridges, and are used throughout the States of Oregon : and Washington to meet their structural foundation requirements. Due to changes in construction methods and poor...

Splineless coupling means

DOEpatents

Heitmann, A.M.; Lord, R.E. Jr.

1982-07-20

In the first embodiment, the invention comprises an imperforate turbine wheel having a hub of polygonal cross-section engageable with a hollow shaft of polygonal conformation, and a thrust collar and bolt for fastening the shaft and wheel together. 4 figs.

Study on the non-contact FBG vibration sensor and its application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Tianliang; Tan, Yuegang; Zhou, Zude; Cai, Li; Liu, Sai; He, Zhongting; Zheng, Kai

2015-06-01

A non-contact vibration sensor based on the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor has been presented, and it is used to monitor the vibration of rotating shaft. In the paper, we describe the principle of the sensor and make some experimental analyses. The analysis results show that the sensitivity and linearity of the sensor are -1.5 pm/μm and 4.11% within a measuring range of 2 mm-2.6 mm, respectively. When it is used to monitor the vibration of the rotating shaft, the analysis signals of vibration of the rotating shaft and the critical speed of rotation obtained are the same as that obtained from the eddy current sensor. It verifies that the sensor can be used for the non-contact measurement of vibration of the rotating shaft system and for fault monitoring and diagnosis of rotating machinery.

Threaded Fastener Positive Anti-Rotation Locking Device

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hartman, Timm E. (Inventor); Hanlon, Casey (Inventor); Laidlaw, Mitchell (Inventor); Geck, Kellan (Inventor)

2015-01-01

An apparatus includes a shaft, a device, a fastener, and an anti-rotation clip. The shaft is configured for rotation. The device is mounted on, and surrounds at least a portion of, the shaft, and has first and second protrusions that are formed on one side and are spaced apart to define a tab space. The fastener is rotationally mounted relative to the shaft, and includes a tab slot formed in its outer surface that extends radially inwardly and is disposed radially inwardly of the tab space. The anti-rotation clip includes a main body portion and a head portion that has a first tab portion and a second tab portion. At least a portion the main body portion is disposed between the device and the fastener, the first tab is disposed in the tab space, and the second tab is disposed in the tab slot.

Application study of magnetic fluid seal in hydraulic turbine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Z. Y.; Zhang, W.

2012-11-01

The waterpower resources of our country are abundant, and the hydroelectric power is developed, but at present the main shaft sealing device of hydraulic turbine is easy to wear and tear and the leakage is great. The magnetic fluid seal has the advantages of no contact, no wear, self-healing, long life and so on. In this paper, the magnetic fluid seal would be used in the main shaft of hydraulic turbine, the sealing structure was built the model, meshed the geometry, applied loads and solved by using MULTIPHYSICS in ANSYS software, the influence of the various sealing structural parameters such as tooth width, height, slot width, sealing gap on the sealing property were analyzed, the magnetic fluid sealing device suitable for large-diameter shaft and sealing water was designed, the sealing problem of the hydraulic turbine main shaft was solved effectively which will bring huge economic benefits.

Effect of shaft frequency on cavitation in a journal bearing for noncentered circular whirl

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brewe, David E.; Khonsari, M. M.

1987-01-01

The effect of shaft frequency on the performance of a submerged journal undergoing noncentered circular whirl is examined. The main emphasis of the paper is on the behavior of the vapor cavitation bubble and its effect on the bearing performance as a function of frequency. A cavitation algorithm due to Elrod was implemented in a computer program which solves a time-dependent Reynolds equation. This algorithm automatically handles the boundary conditions by using a switch function and a control volume approach which conserves mass throughout the entire flow. The shaft frequencies in this investigation ranged from 0 rad/s (squeeze-film damper) to -104 rad/s (a case in which oil-whip condition was produced momentarily). For the particular vibration amplitude chosen in this investigation it was observed that vapor cavitation had an effect on the load components for the full range of shaft frequencies investigated.

Parametric Instability of Static Shafts-Disk System Using Finite Element Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wahab, A. M.; Rasid, Z. A.; Abu, A.

2017-10-01

Parametric instability condition is an important consideration in design process as it can cause failure in machine elements. In this study, parametric instability behaviour was studied for a simple shaft and disk system that was subjected to axial load under pinned-pinned boundary condition. The shaft was modelled based on the Nelson’s beam model, which considered translational and rotary inertias, transverse shear deformation and torsional effect. The Floquet’s method was used to estimate the solution for Mathieu equation. Finite element codes were developed using MATLAB to establish the instability chart. The effect of additional disk mass on the stability chart was investigated for pinned-pinned boundary conditions. Numerical results and illustrative examples are given. It is found that the additional disk mass decreases the instability region during static condition. The location of the disk as well has significant effect on the instability region of the shaft.

Traction drive automatic transmission for gas turbine engine driveline

DOEpatents

Carriere, Donald L.

1984-01-01

A transaxle driveline for a wheeled vehicle has a high speed turbine engine and a torque splitting gearset that includes a traction drive unit and a torque converter on a common axis transversely arranged with respect to the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle. The drive wheels of the vehicle are mounted on a shaft parallel to the turbine shaft and carry a final drive gearset for driving the axle shafts. A second embodiment of the final drive gearing produces an overdrive ratio between the output of the first gearset and the axle shafts. A continuously variable range of speed ratios is produced by varying the position of the drive rollers of the traction unit. After starting the vehicle from rest, the transmission is set for operation in the high speed range by engaging a first lockup clutch that joins the torque converter impeller to the turbine for operation as a hydraulic coupling.

Dual load path ball screw with rod end swivel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wngett, Paul (Inventor)

2002-01-01

A dual drive ball has a ball screw shaft coupled at one end to a gear train and coupled at the other end to a ball screw nut. The ball screw shaft and ball screw nut are connected through complementary helical grooves filled with ball bearing balls. The outer surface of the ball screw nut is plined and can be driven by a second gear train. An output tube is coupled at one end to the ball screw nut and at its opposite end has a connector portion with a groove on its inner surface. A rod end has a coupling member for coupling to a surface to be actuated and a shaft portion with a groobe on its outer surface. This shaft portion is received with in the outputtube portion and the corresponding grooves are coupled through the use of a plurality of ball bearing balls.

Bending Distortion Analysis of a Steel Shaft Manufacturing Chain from Cold Drawing to Grinding

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dias, Vinicius Waechter; da Silva Rocha, Alexandre; Zottis, Juliana; Dong, Juan; Epp, Jérémy; Zoch, Hans Werner

2017-04-01

Shafts are usually manufactured from bars that are cold drawn, cut machined, induction hardened, straightened, and finally ground. The main distortion is characterized by bending that appears after induction hardening and is corrected by straightening and/or grinding. In this work, the consequence of the variation of manufacturing parameters on the distortion was analyzed for a complete manufacturing route for production of induction hardened shafts made of Grade 1045 steel. A DoE plan was implemented varying the drawing angle, cutting method, induction hardening layer depth, and grinding penetration depth. The distortion was determined by calculating curvature vectors from dimensional analysis by 3D coordinate measurements. Optical microscopy, microhardness testing, residual stress analysis, and FEM process simulation were used to evaluate and understand effects of the main carriers of distortion potential. The drawing process was identified as the most significant influence on the final distortion of the shafts.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

St.John, C.M.

The SHAFT code incorporates equations to compute stresses in a shaft liner when the rock through which a shaft passes is subject to known three-dimensional states of stress or strain. The deformation modes considered are hoop deformation, axial deformation, and shear on a plane normal to the shaft axis. Interaction between the liner and the soil and rock is considered, and it is assumed that the liner is in place before loading is applied. This code is intended to be used interactively but creates a permanent record complete with necessary quality assurance information. The code has been carefully verified formore » the case of generalized plane strain, in which an arbitrary axial strain can be defined. It may also be used for plane stress analysis. Output is given in the form of stresses at selected sample points in the linear and the rock and a simple graphical representation of the distribution of stress through the liner. 12 figs., 13 tabs.« less

Propeller torque load and propeller shaft torque response correlation during ice-propeller interaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Polić, Dražen; Ehlers, Sören; Æsøy, Vilmar

2017-03-01

Ships use propulsion machinery systems to create directional thrust. Sailing in ice-covered waters involves the breaking of ice pieces and their submergence as the ship hull advances. Sometimes, submerged ice pieces interact with the propeller and cause irregular fluctuations of the torque load. As a result, the propeller and engine dynamics become imbalanced, and energy propagates through the propulsion machinery system until equilibrium is reached. In such imbalanced situations, the measured propeller shaft torque response is not equal to the propeller torque. Therefore, in this work, the overall system response is simulated under the ice-related torque load using the Bond graph model. The energy difference between the propeller and propeller shaft is estimated and related to their corresponding mechanical energy. Additionally, the mechanical energy is distributed among modes. Based on the distribution, kinetic and potential energy are important for the correlation between propeller torque and propeller shaft response.

Electromagnetic anti-jam telemetry tool

DOEpatents

Ganesan, Harini [Sugar Land, TX; Mayzenberg, Nataliya [Missouri City, TX

2008-02-12

A mud-pulse telemetry tool includes a tool housing, a motor disposed in the tool housing, and a magnetic coupling coupled to the motor and having an inner shaft and an outer shaft. The tool may also include a stator coupled to the tool housing, a restrictor disposed proximate the stator and coupled to the magnetic coupling, so that the restrictor and the stator adapted to generate selected pulses in a drilling fluid when the restrictor is selectively rotated. The tool may also include a first anti-jam magnet coupled to the too housing, and an second anti-jam magnet disposed proximate the first anti-jam magnet and coupled to the inner shaft and/or the outer shaft, wherein at least one of the first anti-jam magnet and the second anti-jam magnet is an electromagnet, and wherein the first anti-jam magnet and the second anti-jam magnet are positioned with adjacent like poles.

Multilayer radiation shield

DOEpatents

Urbahn, John Arthur; Laskaris, Evangelos Trifon

2009-06-16

A power generation system including: a generator including a rotor including a superconductive rotor coil coupled to a rotatable shaft; a first prime mover drivingly coupled to the rotatable shaft; and a thermal radiation shield, partially surrounding the rotor coil, including at least a first sheet and a second sheet spaced apart from the first sheet by centripetal force produced by the rotatable shaft. A thermal radiation shield for a generator including a rotor including a super-conductive rotor coil including: a first sheet having at least one surface formed from a low emissivity material; and at least one additional sheet having at least one surface formed from a low emissivity material spaced apart from the first sheet by centripetal force produced by the rotatable shaft, wherein each successive sheet is an incrementally greater circumferential arc length and wherein the centripetal force shapes the sheets into a substantially catenary shape.

Dynamic Analysis of Geared Rotors by Finite Elements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kahraman, A.; Ozguven, H. Nevzat; Houser, D. R.; Zakrajsek, J. J.

1992-01-01

A finite element model of a geared rotor system on flexible bearings has been developed. The model includes the rotary inertia of on shaft elements, the axial loading on shafts, flexibility and damping of bearings, material damping of shafts and the stiffness and the damping of gear mesh. The coupling between the torsional and transverse vibrations of gears were considered in the model. A constant mesh stiffness was assumed. The analysis procedure can be used for forced vibration analysis geared rotors by calculating the critical speeds and determining the response of any point on the shafts to mass unbalances, geometric eccentricities of gears, and displacement transmission error excitation at the mesh point. The dynamic mesh forces due to these excitations can also be calculated. The model has been applied to several systems for the demonstration of its accuracy and for studying the effect of bearing compliances on system dynamics.

Stability analysis of internally damped rotating composite shafts using a finite element formulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ben Arab, Safa; Rodrigues, José Dias; Bouaziz, Slim; Haddar, Mohamed

2018-04-01

This paper deals with the stability analysis of internally damped rotating composite shafts. An Euler-Bernoulli shaft finite element formulation based on Equivalent Single Layer Theory (ESLT), including the hysteretic internal damping of composite material and transverse shear effects, is introduced and then used to evaluate the influence of various parameters: stacking sequences, fiber orientations and bearing properties on natural frequencies, critical speeds, and instability thresholds. The obtained results are compared with those available in the literature using different theories. The agreement in the obtained results show that the developed Euler-Bernoulli finite element based on ESLT including hysteretic internal damping and shear transverse effects can be effectively used for the stability analysis of internally damped rotating composite shafts. Furthermore, the results revealed that rotor stability is sensitive to the laminate parameters and to the properties of the bearings.

Research Capabilities for Oil-Free Turbomachinery Expanded by New Rotordynamic Simulator Facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Howard, Samuel A.

2004-01-01

A new test rig has been developed for simulating high-speed turbomachinery shafting using Oil-Free foil air bearing technology. Foil air journal bearings are self-acting hydrodynamic bearings with a flexible inner sleeve surface using air as the lubricant. These bearings have been used in turbomachinery, primarily air cycle machines, for the past four decades to eliminate the need for oil lubrication. More recently, interest has been growing in applying foil bearings to aircraft gas turbine engines. They offer potential improvements in efficiency and power density, decreased maintenance costs, and other secondary benefits. The goal of applying foil air bearings to aircraft gas turbine engines prompted the fabrication of this test rig. The facility enables bearing designers to test potential bearing designs with shafts that simulate the rotating components of a target engine without the high cost of building actual flight hardware. The data collected from this rig can be used to make changes to the shaft and bearings in subsequent design iterations. The rest of this article describes the new test rig and demonstrates some of its capabilities with an initial simulated shaft system. The test rig has two support structures, each housing a foil air journal bearing. The structures are designed to accept any size foil journal bearing smaller than 63 mm (2.5 in.) in diameter. The bearing support structures are mounted to a 91- by 152-cm (3- by 5-ft) table and can be separated by as much as 122 cm (4 ft) and as little as 20 cm (8 in.) to accommodate a wide range of shaft sizes. In the initial configuration, a 9.5-cm (3.75-in.) impulse air turbine drives the test shaft. The impulse turbine, as well as virtually any number of "dummy" compressor and turbine disks, can be mounted on the shaft inboard or outboard of the bearings. This flexibility allows researchers to simulate various engine shaft configurations. The bearing support structures include a unique bearing mounting fixture that rotates to accommodate a laserbased alignment system. This can measure the misalignment of the bearing centers in each of 2 translational degrees of freedom and 2 rotational degrees of freedom. In the initial configuration, with roughly a 30.5-cm- (12-in.-) long shaft, two simulated aerocomponent disks, and two 50.8-cm (2-in.) foil journal bearings, the rig can operate at 65,000 rpm at room temperature. The test facility can measure shaft displacements in both the vertical and horizontal directions at each bearing location. Horizontal and vertical structural vibrations are monitored using accelerometers mounted on the bearing support structures. This information is used to determine system rotordynamic response, including critical speeds, mode shapes, orbit size and shape, and potentially the onset of instabilities. Bearing torque can be monitored as well to predict the power loss in the foil bearings. All of this information is fed back and forth between NASA and the foil bearing designers in an iterative fashion to converge on a final bearing and shaft design for a given engine application. In addition to its application development capabilities, the test rig offers several unique capabilities for basic bearing research. Using the laser alignment system mentioned earlier, the facility will be used to map foil air journal bearing performance. A known misalignment of increasing severity will be induced to determine the sensitivity of foil bearings to misalignment. Other future plans include oil-free integral starter generator testing and development, and dynamic load testing of foil journal bearings.

Adenovirus fibre shaft sequences fold into the native triple beta-spiral fold when N-terminally fused to the bacteriophage T4 fibritin foldon trimerisation motif.

PubMed

Papanikolopoulou, Katerina; Teixeira, Susana; Belrhali, Hassan; Forsyth, V Trevor; Mitraki, Anna; van Raaij, Mark J

2004-09-03

Adenovirus fibres are trimeric proteins that consist of a globular C-terminal domain, a central fibrous shaft and an N-terminal part that attaches to the viral capsid. In the presence of the globular C-terminal domain, which is necessary for correct trimerisation, the shaft segment adopts a triple beta-spiral conformation. We have replaced the head of the fibre by the trimerisation domain of the bacteriophage T4 fibritin, the foldon. Two different fusion constructs were made and crystallised, one with an eight amino acid residue linker and one with a linker of only two residues. X-ray crystallographic studies of both fusion proteins shows that residues 319-391 of the adenovirus type 2 fibre shaft fold into a triple beta-spiral fold indistinguishable from the native structure, although this is now resolved at a higher resolution of 1.9 A. The foldon residues 458-483 also adopt their natural structure. The intervening linkers are not well ordered in the crystal structures. This work shows that the shaft sequences retain their capacity to fold into their native beta-spiral fibrous fold when fused to a foreign C-terminal trimerisation motif. It provides a structural basis to artificially trimerise longer adenovirus shaft segments and segments from other trimeric beta-structured fibre proteins. Such artificial fibrous constructs, amenable to crystallisation and solution studies, can offer tractable model systems for the study of beta-fibrous structure. They can also prove useful for gene therapy and fibre engineering applications.

Blood Pump Bearing System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Aber, Gregory S. (Inventor)

1999-01-01

Methods and apparatus are provided for a blood pump bearing system within a pump housing to support long-term high-speed rotation of a rotor with an impeller blade having a plurality of individual magnets disposed thereon to provide a small radial air gap between the magnets and a stator of less than 0.025 inches. The bearing system may be mounted within a flow straightener, diffuser, or other pump element to support the shaft of a pump rotor. The bearing system includes a zirconia shaft having a radiused end. The radiused end has a first radius selected to be about three times greater than the radius of the zirconia shaft. The radiused end of the zirconia shaft engages a flat sapphire endstone. Due to the relative hardness of these materials a flat is quickly produced during break-in on the zirconia radiused end of precisely the size necessary to support thrust loads whereupon wear substantially ceases. Due to the selection of the first radius, the change in shaft end-play during pump break-in is limited to a total desired end-play of less than about 0.010 inches. Radial loads are supported by an olive hole ring jewel that makes near line contact around the circumference of the shaft to support high speed rotation with little friction. The width of olive hole ring jewel is small to allow heat to conduct through to thereby prevent heat build-up in the bearing. A void defined by the bearing elements may fill with blood that then coagulates within the void. The coagulated blood is then conformed to the shape of the bearing surfaces.

Blood Pump Bearing System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Aber, Gregory S. (Inventor)

2000-01-01

An apparatus is provided for a blood pump bearing system within a pump housing to support long-term highspeed rotation of a rotor with an impeller blade having a plurality of individual magnets disposed thereon to provide a small radial air gap between the magnets and a stator of less than 0.025 inches. The bearing system may be mounted within a flow straightener, diffuser, or other pump element to support the shaft of a pump rotor. The bearing system includes a zirconia shaft having a radiused end. The radiused end has a first radius selected to be about three times greater than the radius of the zirconia shaft. The radiused end of the zirconia shaft engages a flat sapphire endstone. Due to the relative hardness of these materials a flat is quickly produced during break-in on the zirconia radiused end of precisely the size necessary to support thrust loads whereupon wear substantially ceases. Due to the selection of the first radius, the change in shaft end-play during pump break-in is limited to a total desired end-play of less than about 0.010 inches. Radial loads are supported by an olive hole ring jewel that makes near line contact around the circumference of the Ir shaft to support big speed rotation with little friction. The width of olive hole ring jewel is small to allow heat to conduct through to thereby prevent heat build-up in the bearing. A void defined by the bearing elements may fill with blood that then coagulates within the void. The coagulated blood is then conformed to the shape of the bearing surfaces.

Design criteria for post and beam bents with drilled shafts.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-12-01

The research work presented in the report addresses the potential areas of conservatism in the current practice related to bridge : bents supported by drilled shafts and piles. The research encompasses modeling efforts and an experimental program. Mo...

18. TURBINE AND GENERATOR SHAFT IN CONCRETE HOUSING OF THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

18. TURBINE AND GENERATOR SHAFT IN CONCRETE HOUSING OF THE TURBINE FLUME. - Potomac Power Plant, On West Virginia Shore of Potomac River, about 1 mile upriver from confluence with Shenandoah River, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, WV

Defining the upper viscosity limit for mineral slurries used in drilled shaft construction.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-02-01

Drilled shaft construction often requires the use of drill slurry to maintain borehole stability during : excavation and concreting. Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) specifications require that the : mineral slurry used for all primary str...

Single wrench separates nuts from free-floating bolts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thompson, C.

1967-01-01

Pneumatic impact wrench removes the nuts from freely turning bolts when the heads cannot be reached or the shafts anchored. It uses a fixed screwdriver blade that fits a slot cut into the threaded end of the bolt shaft.

Corner-cutting mining assembly

DOEpatents

Bradley, John A.

1983-01-01

A mining assembly includes a primary rotary cutter mounted on one end of a support shaft and four secondary rotary cutters carried on the same support shaft and positioned behind the primary cutters for cutting corners in the hole cut by the latter.

Detail of exciter turbine showing shaft, scroll case, servomotor and ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Detail of exciter turbine showing shaft, scroll case, servo-motor and operating ring (left foreground) and hand wheel for butterfly valve (right background) - Morony Hydroelectric Facility, Dam and Powerhouse, Morony Dam Road, Great Falls, Cascade County, MT

30 CFR 77.1901 - Preshift and onshift inspections; reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... before and after blasting. (b) The surface area surrounding each slope and shaft shall be inspected by a... condition has been abated. (d) No work shall be performed in any slope or shaft, no drilling equipment shall...

10. ENTRANCE VIEW OF ELEVATOR SHAFT AT TOP OF TOWER ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. ENTRANCE VIEW OF ELEVATOR SHAFT AT TOP OF TOWER FACING SOUTHEAST. - U.S. Naval Base, Pearl Harbor, Signal Tower, Corner of Seventh Street & Avenue D east of Drydock No. 1, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

Comparison of conventional and self-consolidating concrete for drilled shaft construction.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-04-01

Many entities currently use self-consolidating concrete (SCC), especially for drilled shaft construction. This project investigated the use of SCC : and various test methods to assess the suitability of SCC in underwater placement conditions. Eight m...

Determinig the Shape Coefficient A of Groove on the Pen for the Shaft

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Křístek, Ivo; Havlík, Jiří; Mosler, Václav; Daniš, Igor

2017-12-01

This article focuses on creating a diagram for determining the shape coefficient α for a tongue groove on the shaft. Experimental determination of curve diagrams by comparing diagrams and monograms used using FEM calculations.

Performance based design of laterally loaded drilled shafts.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-12-01

Reliability-based design of deep foundations such as drilled shafts has been increasingly important due to the : heightened awareness of the importance of risk management. The load and resistance factor design has been : implemented by FHWA since 200...

Proximal third humeral shaft fractures -- a fracture entity not fully characterized by conventional AO classification.

PubMed

Stedtfeld, H W; Biber, R

2014-01-01

The retrospective study was made to evaluate the fracture patterns at the proximal humeral shaft for which the long version of a standard proximal humeral nail (PHNLV) has been used. The indication has been decided by the individual surgeons. Over a five year period 72 consecutive PHNLV cases of an acute fracture were identified and were included in the study. Mean patient age was 68.9 years. Gender ratio was m/f=22/50. 86.1% of the patients fractured their humerus by a fall, the rest by a high velocity accident. We analysed patient comorbidity, ASA score, osteoporosis, social status before accident, additional injuries affecting local soft tissues or other anatomic regions. We analysed the expansion of the fractures, dividing the humerus into five zones. Fracture morphology was categorized according to the standard AO/ASIF classification (if applicable). Comorbidities were found in 76.4% of the patients. Almost all patients (93.1%) had been living independently at home before the accident. 47.2% of patients had osteoporosis in their medical history. Five patients (6.9%) had a primary palsy of the radial nerve. Six fractures chosen for PHNLV fixation were clearly restricted to the humeral head. The remaining 66 fractures were located in the humeral shaft (AO region 12). There were 5 segmental fractures. Of the remaining 67 fractures affecting the proximal third of the humeral shaft 49.3 percent extended into the humeral head. 98 percent of these fractures displayed spiral morphology. Proximal humeral shaft fractures are amazingly similar to subtrochanteric and distal tibial shaft fractures: Spiral fracture types with different grades of comminution are absolutely dominant; a great proportion of the fractures extend into the humeral head with growing tendency of displacement if located closer to the humeral head. Diverging traction of deltoid and pectoralis muscle causes typical displacement if the fracture line runs in between their attachments substantiating the term 'intermuscular fracture'. A distinct classification system for proximal humeral shaft fractures seems meaningful and is proposed. There is clear evidence of specific characteristics which differentiate proximal third humeral shaft fractures from those of midshaft and distal third. They explain the specific problems of reduction and fixation. If disrespected they will lead to higher rates of therapeutic failure. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Drilled Shaft Foundations for Noise Barrier Walls and Slope Stabilization

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-12-01

This research project is focused on two primary objectives. The first objective relates to the development of a methodology for using the SPT (Standard Penetration Test) results to design the laterally loaded drilled shafts. The second objective aims...

Torque wrench allows readings from inaccessible locations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

De Barnardo, M.

1966-01-01

Torque wrench with an adjustable drive shaft permits indicator to remain in view when used on sections of equipment with limited access. The shaft is capable of protruding from either side of the wrench head by means of spring loaded balls.

Instrumentation for measurements of lateral Earth pressure in drilled shafts.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1968-09-01

This project involves the design, construction, and testing in the : laboratory and field of instrumentation capable of measuring the lateral : earth pressure along a drilled shaft. : A good deal of work" has been done concerning the development of p...

10 CFR 60.15 - Site characterization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) DISPOSAL OF HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTES IN GEOLOGIC REPOSITORIES Licenses... the geologic repository to the extent practical. (2) The number of exploratory boreholes and shafts... characterization. (3) To the extent practical, exploratory boreholes and shafts in the geologic repository...

13. DETAIL OF BEVEL GEAR TRANSFERRING HORIZONTAL DRIVE FROM MAIN ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. DETAIL OF BEVEL GEAR TRANSFERRING HORIZONTAL DRIVE FROM MAIN WATERWHEEL SHAFT TO VERTICAL SHAFT DRIVING COFFEE HUSKING MILL ON SECOND FLOOR - Hacienda Cafetalera Santa Clara, Coffee Mill, KM 19, PR Route 372, Hacienda La Juanita, Yauco Municipio, PR

76 FR 66685 - Foreign-Trade Zone 37-Orange County, NY, Application for Subzone, ITT Water Technology, Inc...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-27

... (representing 39% of the value of the finished pumps) include: electric motors, pump parts, mechanical seals, plastic o-rings, rubber o-rings, shafts, flanges, motor and shaft couplings, and fasteners (duty rates...

Chemical Safety Alert: Shaft Blow-Out Hazard of Check and Butterfly Valves

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Certain types of check and butterfly valves can undergo shaft-disk separation and fail catastrophically, even when operated within their design limits of pressure and temperature, causing toxic/flammable gas releases, fires, and vapor cloud explosions.

Improved circumferential shaft seal for aircraft gear transmissions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ludwig, L. P.; Strom, T. N.

1973-01-01

Operation under simulated aircraft transmission conditions of speeds to 2850 m/min (9350 ft/min), lubricant temperatures to 394 K (250 F), shaft radial runouts to 0.254 mm (0.010 in.) F.I.R. (full indicator reading), and pressure differentials to 1.03 N/cm2 (1.5 psi) revealed that conventional circumferential seals leaked excessively. Modifying the conventional seal by adding helical grooves to the seal bore reduced leakage rates to within the acceptable level of 10 cm3/hr. The leakage rate of this modified seal was not significantly affected by lubricant flooding or by shaft radial runout.

Blade mistuning coupled with shaft flexibility effects in rotor aeroelasticity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Khader, Naim; Loewy, Robert G.

1989-01-01

The effect of bladed-disk polar dissymmetry, resulting from variations in mass from one blade to another, on aeroelastic stability boundaries for a fan stage is presented. In addition to both in-plane and out-of-plane deformations of the bladed-disk, bending of the supporting shaft in two planes is considered, and the resulting Coriolis forces and gyroscopic moments are included in the analysis. A quasi-steady aerodynamics approach is combined with the Lagrangian method to develop the governing equations of motion for the flexible bladed-disk-shaft assembly. Calculations are performed for an actual fan stage.

Research report: User's manual for computer program AT81y003 SHABERTH. Steady state and transient thermal analysis of a shaft bearing system including ball, cylindrical and tapered roller bearings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hadden, G. B.; Kleckner, R. J.; Ragen, M. A.; Sheynin, L.

1981-01-01

The SHABERTH program is capable of simulating the thermomechanical performance of a load support system consisting of a flexible shaft supported by up to five rolling element bearings. Any combination of ball, cylindrical, and tapered roller bearings can be used to support the shaft. The user can select models in calculating lubricant film thickness and traction forces. The formulation of the cage pocket/rolling element interaction model was revised to improve solution numerical convergence characteristics.

Redundant motor drive system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Calvert, J. A. (Inventor)

1980-01-01

A drive system characterized by a base supporting a pair of pillars arranged in spaced parallelism, a shaft extended between and supported by the pillars for rotation about the longitudinal axis thereof, a worm gear affixed to the shaft and supported in coaxial relation therewith is described. A bearing housing of a sleeve like configuration is concentrically related to the shaft and is supported thereby for free rotation. A first and a second quiescent drive train, alternatively activatable, is provided for imparting rotation into said bearing housing. Each of the drive trains is characterized by a selectively energizable motor connected to a spur gear.

High Aspect-Ratio Neural Probes using Conventional Blade Dicing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goncalves, S. B.; Ribeiro, J. F.; Silva, A. F.; Correia, J. H.

2016-10-01

Exploring deep neural circuits has triggered the development of long penetrating neural probes. Moreover, driven by brain displacement, the long neural probes require also a high aspect-ratio shafts design. In this paper, a simple and reproducible method of manufacturing long-shafts neural probes using blade dicing technology is presented. Results shows shafts up to 8 mm long and 200 µm wide, features competitive to the current state-of-art, being its outline simply accomplished by a single blade dicing program. Therefore, conventional blade dicing presents itself as a viable option to manufacture long neural probes.

Retractable barrier strip

DOEpatents

Marts, Donna J.; Barker, Stacey G.; Wowczuk, Andrew; Vellenoweth, Thomas E.

2002-01-01

A portable barrier strip having retractable tire-puncture spikes for puncturing a vehicle tire. The tire-puncture spikes have an armed position for puncturing a tire and a retracted position for not puncturing a tire. The strip comprises a plurality of barrier blocks having the tire-puncture spikes removably disposed in a shaft that is rotatably disposed in each barrier block. The plurality of barrier blocks hare hingedly interconnected by complementary hinges integrally formed into the side of each barrier block which allow the strip to be rolled for easy storage and retrieval, but which prevent irregular or back bending of the strip. The shafts of adjacent barrier blocks are pivotally interconnected via a double hinged universal joint to accommodate irregularities in a roadway surface and to transmit torsional motion of the shaft from block to block. A single flexshaft cable is connected to the shaft of an end block to allow a user to selectively cause the shafts of a plurality of adjacently connected barrier blocks to rotate the tire-puncture spikes to the armed position for puncturing a vehicle tire, and to the retracted position for not puncturing the tire. The flexshaft is provided with a resiliently biased retracting mechanism, and a release latch for allowing the spikes to be quickly retracted after the intended vehicle tire is punctured.

Dust and gas exposure in tunnel construction work.

PubMed

Bakke, B; Stewart, P; Ulvestad, B; Eduard, W

2001-01-01

Personal exposures to dust and gases were measured among 189 underground construction workers who were divided into seven occupational groups performing similar tasks in similar working conditions: drill and blast crew; shaft-drilling crew; tunnel-boring machine crew; shotcreting operators; support workers; concrete workers; and electricians. Outdoor tunnel workers were included as a low-exposed reference group. The highest geometric mean (GM) exposures to total dust (6-7 mg/m3) and respirable dust (2-3 mg/m3) were found for the shotcreters, shaft drillers, and tunnel-boring machine workers. Shaft drillers and tunnel-boring machine workers also had the highest GM exposures to respirable alpha-quartz (0.3-0.4 mg/m3), which exceeded the Norwegian occupational exposure limit (OEL) of 0.1 mg/m3. Shaft drillers had the highest exposure to oil mists (GM=1.4 mg/m3), which was generated mainly from pneumatic drilling. For other groups, exposure to oil mist from diesel exhaust and spraying of oil onto concrete forms resulted in exposures of 0.1-0.5 mg/m3. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide was similar across all groups (GM=0.4-0.9 ppm), except for shaft drillers and tunnel-boring machine workers, who had lower exposures. High short-term exposures (>10 ppm), however, occurred when workers were passing through the blasting cloud.

Fault Diagnostics for Turbo-Shaft Engine Sensors Based on a Simplified On-Board Model

PubMed Central

Lu, Feng; Huang, Jinquan; Xing, Yaodong

2012-01-01

Combining a simplified on-board turbo-shaft model with sensor fault diagnostic logic, a model-based sensor fault diagnosis method is proposed. The existing fault diagnosis method for turbo-shaft engine key sensors is mainly based on a double redundancies technique, and this can't be satisfied in some occasions as lack of judgment. The simplified on-board model provides the analytical third channel against which the dual channel measurements are compared, while the hardware redundancy will increase the structure complexity and weight. The simplified turbo-shaft model contains the gas generator model and the power turbine model with loads, this is built up via dynamic parameters method. Sensor fault detection, diagnosis (FDD) logic is designed, and two types of sensor failures, such as the step faults and the drift faults, are simulated. When the discrepancy among the triplex channels exceeds a tolerance level, the fault diagnosis logic determines the cause of the difference. Through this approach, the sensor fault diagnosis system achieves the objectives of anomaly detection, sensor fault diagnosis and redundancy recovery. Finally, experiments on this method are carried out on a turbo-shaft engine, and two types of faults under different channel combinations are presented. The experimental results show that the proposed method for sensor fault diagnostics is efficient. PMID:23112645

The Post-Apoptotic Fate of RNAs Identified Through High-Throughput Sequencing of Human Hair

PubMed Central

Lefkowitz, Gloria K.; Mukhopadhyay, Anandaroop; Cowing-Zitron, Christopher; Yu, Benjamin D.

2011-01-01

The hair of all mammals consists of terminally differentiated cells that undergo a specialized form of apoptosis called cornification. While DNA is destroyed during cornification, the extent to which RNA is lost is unknown. Here we find that multiple types of RNA are incompletely degraded after hair shaft formation in both mouse and human. Notably, mRNAs and short regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) are stable in the hair as far as 10 cm from the scalp. To better characterize the post-apoptotic RNAs that escape degradation in the hair, we performed sequencing (RNA-seq) on RNA isolated from hair shafts pooled from several individuals. This hair shaft RNA library, which encompasses different hair types, genders, and populations, revealed 7,193 mRNAs, 449 miRNAs and thousands of unannotated transcripts that remain in the post-apoptotic hair. A comparison of the hair shaft RNA library to that of viable keratinocytes revealed surprisingly similar patterns of gene coverage and indicates that degradation of RNA is highly inefficient during apoptosis of hair lineages. The generation of a hair shaft RNA library could be used as months of accumulated transcriptional history useful for retrospective detection of disease, drug response and environmental exposure. PMID:22110684

A new method to identify the location of the kick point during the golf swing.

PubMed

Joyce, Christopher; Burnett, Angus; Matthews, Miccal

2013-12-01

No method currently exists to determine the location of the kick point during the golf swing. This study consisted of two phases. In the first phase, the static kick point of 10 drivers (having identical grip and head but fitted with shafts of differing mass and stiffness) was determined by two methods: (1) a visual method used by professional club fitters and (2) an algorithm using 3D locations of markers positioned on the golf club. Using level of agreement statistics, we showed the latter technique was a valid method to determine the location of the static kick point. In phase two, the validated method was used to determine the dynamic kick point during the golf swing. Twelve elite male golfers had three shots analyzed for two drivers fitted with stiff shafts of differing mass (56 g and 78 g). Excellent between-trial reliability was found for dynamic kick point location. Differences were found for dynamic kick point location when compared with static kick point location, as well as between-shaft and within-shaft. These findings have implications for future investigations examining the bending behavior of golf clubs, as well as being useful to examine relationships between properties of the shaft and launch parameters.

Fault diagnostics for turbo-shaft engine sensors based on a simplified on-board model.

PubMed

Lu, Feng; Huang, Jinquan; Xing, Yaodong

2012-01-01

Combining a simplified on-board turbo-shaft model with sensor fault diagnostic logic, a model-based sensor fault diagnosis method is proposed. The existing fault diagnosis method for turbo-shaft engine key sensors is mainly based on a double redundancies technique, and this can't be satisfied in some occasions as lack of judgment. The simplified on-board model provides the analytical third channel against which the dual channel measurements are compared, while the hardware redundancy will increase the structure complexity and weight. The simplified turbo-shaft model contains the gas generator model and the power turbine model with loads, this is built up via dynamic parameters method. Sensor fault detection, diagnosis (FDD) logic is designed, and two types of sensor failures, such as the step faults and the drift faults, are simulated. When the discrepancy among the triplex channels exceeds a tolerance level, the fault diagnosis logic determines the cause of the difference. Through this approach, the sensor fault diagnosis system achieves the objectives of anomaly detection, sensor fault diagnosis and redundancy recovery. Finally, experiments on this method are carried out on a turbo-shaft engine, and two types of faults under different channel combinations are presented. The experimental results show that the proposed method for sensor fault diagnostics is efficient.

Differential heat of adsorption of water vapor on silicified microcrystalline cellulose (SMCC): an investigation using isothermal microcalorimetry.

PubMed

Qian, Ken K; Bogner, Robin H

2011-01-01

A novel dual-shaft configuration in isothermal microcalorimetry was developed to study the interaction of water vapor with pharmaceutical excipients. An instrument performance test is suggested to validate the experimental data. Reliable experimental results can be collected using a single perfusion shaft; however, there was limitation of the dual-shaft configuration, which resulted deviation in the experimental results. A periodic performance test is recommended. Silicified microcrystalline cellulose (SMCC) was used as a model system to study the interaction using the dual-shaft method. Enthalpy of water vapor adsorption on SMCC was determined and compared to literature data. The data collected using the dual-shaft configuration did not reflect the actual physical system. The deviation was most likely due to the lack of flow control caused by viscous resistance. The enthalpy of adsorption was then calculated using isothermal microcalorimetry coupled with a dynamic vapor sorption apparatus. The results, -55 kJ/mol at low relative humidity (RH) to -22 kJ/mol at high RH, were consistent with the physical phenomenon of water vapor adsorption. Enthalpy of adsorption showed surface heterogeneity of SMCC and suggested multilayer condensation of water at approximately 60% RH. However, at high RH, the results showed the moisture-excipient interaction can be more complex than the proposed mechanism.

Gasket and snap ring installation tool

DOEpatents

Southerland, Jr., James M.; Barringer, Jr., Curtis N.

1994-01-01

A tool for installing a gasket and a snap ring including a shaft, a first plate attached to the forward end of the shaft, a second plate slidably carried by the shaft, a spring disposed about the shaft between the first and second plates, and a sleeve that is free to slide over the shaft and engage the second plate. The first plate has a loading surface with a loading groove for receiving a snap ring and a shoulder for holding a gasket. A plurality of openings are formed through the first plate, communicating with the loading groove and approximately equally spaced about the groove. A plurality of rods are attached to the second plate, each rod slidable in one of the openings. In use, the loaded tool is inserted into a hollow pipe or pipe fitting having an internal flange and an internal seating groove, such that the gasket is positioned against the flange and the ring is in the approximate plane of the seating groove. The sleeve is pushed against the second plate, sliding the second plate towards the first plate, compressing the spring and sliding the rods forwards in the openings. The rods engage the snap ring and urge the ring from the loading groove into the seating groove.

Hydromechanical transmission with compound planetary assembly

DOEpatents

Orshansky, Jr., deceased, Elias; Weseloh, William E.

1980-01-01

A power transmission having three distinct ranges: (1) hydrostatic, (2) simple power-split hydromechanical, and (3) compound power-split hydromechanical. A single compound planetary assembly has two sun gears, two ring gears, and a single carrier with two sets of elongated planet gears. The two sun gears may be identical in size, and the two ring gears may be identical in size. A speed-varying module in driving relationship to the first sun gear is clutchable, in turn, to (1) the input shaft and (2) the second sun gear. The speed-varying means may comprise a pair of hydraulic units hydraulically interconnected so that one serves as a pump while the other serves as a motor and vice versa, one of the units having a variable stroke and being the one clutchable to either the input shaft or to the second sun gear. The other unit, which may have a fixed stroke, is connected in driving relation to the first sun gear. A brake grounds the carrier in the first range and in reverse and causes drive to be delivered to the output shaft through the first ring gear in a hydrostatic mode, the first ring gear being rigidly connected to the output shaft. The input shaft is also clutchable to the second ring gear of the compound planetary assembly.

Rotational viscometer for high-pressure high-temperature fluids

DOEpatents

Carr, Kenneth R.

1985-01-01

The invention is a novel rotational viscometer which is well adapted for use with fluids at high temperatures and/or pressures. In one embodiment, the viscometer includes a substantially non-magnetic tube having a closed end and having an open end in communication with a fluid whose viscosity is to be determined. An annular drive magnet is mounted for rotation about the tube. The tube encompasses and supports a rotatable shaft assembly which carries a rotor, or bob, for insertion in the fluid. Affixed to the shaft are (a) a second magnet which is magnetically coupled to the drive magnet and (b) a third magnet. In a typical operation, the drive magnet is rotated to turn the shaft assembly while the shaft rotor is immersed in the fluid. The viscous drag on the rotor causes the shaft assembly to lag the rotation of the drive magnet by an amount which is a function of the amount of viscous drag. A first magnetic pickup generates a waveform whose phase is a function of the angular position of the drive magnet. A second magnetic pickup generates a waveform whose phase is a function of the angular position of the third magnet. An output is generated indicative of the phase difference between the two waveforms.

Study of torsion oscillations of pumping unit shafts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loginovskikh, V. M.; Cherentsov, D. A.; Voronin, K. S.; Pirogov, S. P.

2018-05-01

The method of detuning from resonant frequencies is an effective method of reducing the vibration activity of the HA at the design stage, which allows selecting the necessary operating mode for the HA, which will provide the necessary reliability of operation. In this connection, works in the field of increasing the vibration protection of NA are relevant. All calculations are based on the dynamic model of free torsional vibrations of the pumping unit, for which the oscillation equation was derived on the basis of Lagrange equations of the second kind, where the angle of rotation of the rotor was taken as the generalized coordinate. Next, expressions were obtained for the determination of the potential and kinetic energies that take into account all the characteristics of the shaft and the disk of the rotor HA; in particular, for the first time the mass of the shaft is taken into account. Then an expression was obtained for determining the frequencies of free torsional oscillations and the equation of motion of the rotor HA. Knowing the parameters of the oscillatory motion makes it possible to estimate the stresses that arise when the shaft rotates. The following is a case of a sudden stop of the shaft, for example, when the support is destroyed, and a graph is obtained from which the main conclusions are drawn.

Determination of diffusivities in the Rustler Formation from exploratory-shaft construction at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in southeastern New Mexico

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stevens, Ken; Beyeler, Walt

1985-01-01

The construction of an exploratory shaft 12 feet in diameter into the Salado Formation (repository horizon for transuranic waste material) at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant site in southeastern New Mexico affected water-levels in water-bearing zones above the repository horizon. By reading the construction history of the exploratory shaft, an approximation of construction-generated hydraulic stresses at the shaft was made. The magnitude of the construction-generated stresses was calibrated using the hydrographs from one hydrologic test pad. Whereas flow rates from the Magenta Dolomite and Culebra Dolomite Members in the Rustler Formation into the exploratory shaft were unknown, the ratio of transmissivity to storage (diffusivity) was determined by mathematically simulating the aquifers and the hydrologic stresses with flood-wave-response digital model. These results indicate that the Magenta Dolomite and Culebra Dolomite Members of the Rustler Formation can be modeled as homogeneous, isotropic, and confined water-bearing zones. One simple and consistent explanation, but by no means the only explanation, of the lack of a single diffusivity value in the Culebra aquifer is that the open-hole observation wells at the hydrologic test pads dampen the amplitude of water-level changes. (USGS)

Shaft seal system

DOEpatents

Kapich, Davorin D.

1985-01-01

A shaft seal system is disclosed for isolating two regions of different fluid mediums through which a rotatable shaft extends. The seal system includes a seal housing through which the shaft extends and which defines an annular land and an annular labyrinth both of which face on the shaft so that each establishes a corresponding fluid sealing annulus. A collection cavity is formed in communication with the annular sealing spaces, and fluids compatible with the fluids in each of the two regions to be isolated are introduced, respectively, into the annular sealing spaces and collected in the collection cavity from which the fluid mixture is removed and passed to a separator which separates the fluids and returns them to their respective annular sealing spaces in a recycling manner. In the illustrated embodiment, the isolated fluid mediums comprise a liquid region and a gas region. Gas is removed from the gas region and passed through a purifier and a gas pump operative to introduce the purified gas through the labyrinth sealing annulus to the collection cavity. After passing to the separator, the separated gas is passed through a dryer from which the dried gas is caused to pass through the labyrinth sealing annulus into the collection cavity independently of the purified gas so as to insure isolation of the gas region in the event of sealing gas pump malfunction.

Numerical Simulation of Regional Changes in Ground-Water Levels and in the Freshwater-Saltwater Interface Induced by Increased Pumpage at Barbers Point Shaft, Oahu, Hawaii

USGS Publications Warehouse

Souza, William R.; Meyer, William

1995-01-01

The effect on the regional ground-water system of southern Oahu from increased pumpage at Barbers Point shaft was estimated by a numerical ground-water model developed for the Oahu Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis (RASA) study. The RASA model was updated by revising pumping and ground-water recharge data. Pumpage data used in the new simulations were based on the allocated pumping rates for 1995 as set by the State Commission on Water Resource Management. On the basis of numerical simulation, Barbers Point shaft can sustain a withdrawal rate of 4.34 million gallons per day without adversely affecting wells in the Waianae aquifer. From results of numerical simulations, it is estimated that, as a result of increasing pumpage in Barbers Point shaft by 2 million gallons per day above the 1995-allocated rate of 2.337 million gallons per day, regional declines in ground-water levels will be about 0.4 to 0.7 feet throughout the Waianae aquifer and about 0.8 ft at the shaft. The corresponding rise of the freshwater-saltwater interface, as a result of declines in ground-water levels, is estimated to be about 20 to 30 feet. Numerical simulation also indicates that changes in ground-water levels greater than about 0.1 feet do not extend across either the Waianae-Koolau unconformity or the south Schofield barrier. The model-estimated position of the freshwater-saltwater interface, as a result of additional pumpage, ranges from 500 to 860 feet below sea level in the southern and northern parts of the aquifer, respectively, and about 540 feet below sea level at the shaft. On the basis of an estimate of the thickness of the transition-zone, the freshwater lens would remain about 240 feet thick below the shaft. In addition, the estimated declines in ground-water levels throughout the aquifer are small compared with the thickness of the freshwater lens and these declines would not be expected to affect the yields of other wells in terms of quantity. Chloride concentrations in the water pumped at Barbers Point shaft were about 240 milligrams per liter in 1992. The estimated background chloride concentration is 200 to 220 milligrams per liter because of low rainfall and the contamination of recharge water from natural salt accumulation in the soil. A reduction in irrigation through 1995 is expected to reduce recharge to the aquifer from irrigation-return water and chloride concentrations associated with the irrigation water throughout the Waianae aquifer. As a result of these combined effects, chloride concentrations of water pumped from the Barbers Point shaft will likely decrease, although the length of time required for this lowering is unknown.

Methods and systems for micro bearings

DOEpatents

Stalford, Harold L.

2012-10-09

A micro drive assembly may comprise a substrate, a micro shall oriented in-plane with the substrate and at least one micro bearing to support rotation of the micro shaft. The micro shaft and micro bearing may be in or less than the micrometer domain.

Improvement for determining the axial capacity of drilled shafts in shale in Illinois.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-05-01

In this project, Illinois-specific design procedures were developed for drilled shafts founded in weak shale. In addition, : recommendations for field and laboratory testing to characterize the in situ condition of weak shales in Illinois were : deve...

Drilled Shaft Foundations for Noise Barrier Walls and Slope Stabilization : Executive Summary

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-12-01

This research project is focused on two primary objectives. The first objective relates to the development of a methodology for using the SPT (Standard Penetration Test) results to design the laterally loaded drilled shafts. The second objective aims...

Shock absorber protects motive components against overloads

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1965-01-01

Shock absorber with an output shaft, hollow gear, and a pair of springs forming a resilient driving connection between shaft and gear, operates when abnormally high torques are applied. This simple durable frictional device is valuable in rotating mechanisms subject to sudden overloads.

78 FR 17359 - Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Marine Geophysical Survey in the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-21

... BRG-6 diesel engines which drive two propellers directly. Each propeller has four blades and the shaft... 930 kW and drives one propeller directly. The propeller has five blades, and the shaft typically...

13. Detail view of drum screen short shaft gears, journal ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. Detail view of drum screen short shaft gears, journal bearing, rotation drive chain, upper sprocket gear, and drum screen edge in background, facing southeast (downstream) from drum screen cover. - Congdon Canal, Fish Screen, Naches River, Yakima, Yakima County, WA

Demonstration of protein-based human identification using the hair shaft proteome [Protein-based human identification: A proof of concept using the hair shaft proteome

DOE PAGES

Parker, Glendon J.; Leppert, Tami; Anex, Deon S.; ...

2016-09-07

Human identification from biological material is largely dependent on the ability to characterize genetic polymorphisms in DNA. Unfortunately, DNA can degrade in the environment, sometimes below the level at which it can be amplified by PCR. Protein however is chemically more robust than DNA and can persist for longer periods. Protein also contains genetic variation in the form of single amino acid polymorphisms. These can be used to infer the status of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism alleles. To demonstrate this, we used mass spectrometry-based shotgun proteomics to characterize hair shaft proteins in 66 European-American subjects. A total of 596 singlemore » nucleotide polymorphism alleles were correctly imputed in 32 loci from 22 genes of subjects’ DNA and directly validated using Sanger sequencing. Estimates of the probability of resulting individual non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism allelic profiles in the European population, using the product rule, resulted in a maximum power of discrimination of 1 in 12,500. Imputed non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism profiles from European–American subjects were considerably less frequent in the African population (maximum likelihood ratio = 11,000). The converse was true for hair shafts collected from an additional 10 subjects with African ancestry, where some profiles were more frequent in the African population. Genetically variant peptides were also identified in hair shaft datasets from six archaeological skeletal remains (up to 260 years old). Furthermore, this study demonstrates that quantifiable measures of identity discrimination and biogeographic background can be obtained from detecting genetically variant peptides in hair shaft protein, including hair from bioarchaeological contexts.« less

Demonstration of protein-based human identification using the hair shaft proteome [Protein-based human identification: A proof of concept using the hair shaft proteome

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Parker, Glendon J.; Leppert, Tami; Anex, Deon S.

Human identification from biological material is largely dependent on the ability to characterize genetic polymorphisms in DNA. Unfortunately, DNA can degrade in the environment, sometimes below the level at which it can be amplified by PCR. Protein however is chemically more robust than DNA and can persist for longer periods. Protein also contains genetic variation in the form of single amino acid polymorphisms. These can be used to infer the status of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism alleles. To demonstrate this, we used mass spectrometry-based shotgun proteomics to characterize hair shaft proteins in 66 European-American subjects. A total of 596 singlemore » nucleotide polymorphism alleles were correctly imputed in 32 loci from 22 genes of subjects’ DNA and directly validated using Sanger sequencing. Estimates of the probability of resulting individual non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism allelic profiles in the European population, using the product rule, resulted in a maximum power of discrimination of 1 in 12,500. Imputed non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism profiles from European–American subjects were considerably less frequent in the African population (maximum likelihood ratio = 11,000). The converse was true for hair shafts collected from an additional 10 subjects with African ancestry, where some profiles were more frequent in the African population. Genetically variant peptides were also identified in hair shaft datasets from six archaeological skeletal remains (up to 260 years old). Furthermore, this study demonstrates that quantifiable measures of identity discrimination and biogeographic background can be obtained from detecting genetically variant peptides in hair shaft protein, including hair from bioarchaeological contexts.« less

Field device to measure viscosity, density, and other slurry properties in drilled shafts : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-04-01

Proper performance of mineral slurries used to stabilize drilled shaft excavations is maintained by assuring the : density, viscosity, pH, and sand content stay within state specified limits. These limits have been set either by : past experience, re...

Field device to measure viscosity, density, and other slurry properties in drilled shafts [summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-08-01

Proper performance of the mineral slurries used to stabilize drilled shaft excavations is : maintained by assuring that the density, viscosity, pH, and sand content of the slurry stay : within limits set by the Florida Department of Transportation (F...

Drilled shaft bridge foundation design parameters and procedures for bearing in SGC soils.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-04-01

This report provides a simplified method to be used for evaluating the skin friction and tip resistance of : axially loaded drilled shafts. A summary of literature and current practice was completed and then a : comprehensive set of field and laborat...

30 CFR 57.4261 - Shaft-station waterlines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

....4261 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Fire Prevention... located at underground shaft stations and are part of the mine's fire protection system shall have at...

Lateral capacity of rock sockets in limestone under cyclic and repeated loading.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-08-01

This report contains the results from full scale lateral load testing of two short rock socketed shafts in : limestone, and the development of recommendations for p-y analysis using those results. Two short shafts 42 : inches in diameter were constru...