HIV/AIDS and Pediatric AIDS. The Arc Q & A.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kowalski, Jo Anne T.

This fact sheet uses a question-and-answer format to summarize what is known about HIV/AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) and pediatric AIDS and applies this information to children in school settings. Questions and answers address the following topics: what the AIDS disease and HIV infection are; estimates…

AFRICAN MUSIC SPEAKS, NO. 6--PROJECT CUE, A TV UTILIZATION SHEET.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

BROWN, ROBERT M.

FOURTEEN SETS OF EDUCATIONAL TV UTILIZATION GUIDE SHEETS WERE PREPARED AS TEACHER AIDS. THESE SHEETS COVER SUCH AREAS AS SYNOPSIS OF SUBJECT, SUGGESTED PREPARATION (PRETELECAST), KEY WORDS, WHAT PUPILS SHOULD LOOK AND LISTEN FOR, SUGGESTED FOLLOWUP ACTIVITIES, SUGGESTED RELATED ACTIVITIES, SUGGESTED EVALUATION, AND SUGGESTED RELATED MATERIALS.…

Mechanical Drafting with CAD. Teacher Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McClain, Gerald R.

This instructor's manual contains 13 units of instruction for a course on mechanical drafting with options for using computer-aided drafting (CAD). Each unit includes some or all of the following basic components of a unit of instruction: objective sheet, suggested activities for the teacher, assignment sheets and answers to assignment sheets,…

A synchronous strobed laser light sheet for helicopter model rotor flow visualization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leighty, Bradley D.; Rhodes, David B.; Jones, Stephen B.; Franke, John M.

1990-01-01

A synchronous, strobed laser light sheet has been developed for use in flow visualization of a helicopter rotor model. The light sheet strobe circuit included selectable blade position, strobe duration, and multiple pulses per revolution for rotors having 2 to 9 blades. The flow was seeded with propylene glycol. Between runs, a calibration grid board was placed in the plane of the laser sheet and recorded with the video camera at the position used to record the flow field. A slip-sync mode permitted slow motion visualization of the flow field over complete rotations of the rotor. The system was used to make two-dimensional flow field cuts of a four-bladed rotor operating at advance ratio of 0.37 at wind tunnel speeds up to 79.25 meters per second (260 feet per second).

32 CFR Appendix E to Part 505 - Litigation Status Sheet

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Litigation Status Sheet E Appendix E to Part 505 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY AID OF CIVIL AUTHORITIES AND PUBLIC RELATIONS ARMY PRIVACY ACT PROGRAM Pt. 505, App. E Appendix E to Part 505—Litigation Status Sheet...

[Clip Sheets from BOCES. Opportunities. Health. Careers. = Oportunidades. Salud. Una Camera En...

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

State Univ. of New York, Geneseo. Coll. at Geneseo. Migrant Center.

This collection of 83 clip sheets, or classroom handouts, was created to help U.S. migrants learn more about health, careers, and general "opportunities" including education programs. They are written in both English and Spanish and are presented in an easily understandable format. Health clip-sheet topics include the following: Abuse; AIDS;…

32 CFR Appendix E to Part 505 - Litigation Status Sheet

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Litigation Status Sheet E Appendix E to Part 505 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY AID OF CIVIL AUTHORITIES AND PUBLIC RELATIONS ARMY PRIVACY ACT PROGRAM Pt. 505, App. E Appendix E to Part 505—Litigation Status Sheet...

VISUAL AIDS HANDBOOK FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

GARIBALDI, VIRGINIA; STRASHEIM, LORRAINE A.

TEACHERS ARE SHOWN HOW TO CONSTRUCT AND USE THEIR OWN VISUAL AIDS FOR ILLUSTRATING USEFUL BUT DIFFICULT EXPRESSIONS COMMON TO ALL LANGUAGES. SUCH SPECIFIC AIDS AS PROPS, REALIA, FLASHCARDS, CHARTS, FLANNEL AND MAGNETIC BOARDS, POCKET CHARTS, PUPPETS, DRILL CUING DEVICES, AND CULTURALLY ORIENTED VISUAL AIDS ARE DESCRIBED. LISTS OF PROFESSIONAL…

HIV Medication Adherence

MedlinePlus

... AIDS Drugs Clinical Trials Apps skip to content HIV Treatment Home Understanding HIV/AIDS Fact Sheets HIV ... 4 p.m. ET) Send us an email HIV Medication Adherence Last Reviewed: January 17, 2018 Key ...

Situational analysis of communication of HIV and AIDS information to persons with visual impairment: a case of Kang'onga Production Centre in Ndola, Zambia.

PubMed

Chintende, Grace Nsangwe; Sitali, Doreen; Michelo, Charles; Mweemba, Oliver

2017-04-04

Despite the increases in health promotion and educational programs on HIV and AIDS, lack of information and communication on HIV and AIDS for the visually impaired persons continues. The underlying factors that create the information and communication gaps have not been fully explored in Zambia. It is therefore important that, this situational analysis on HIV and AIDS information dissemination to persons with visual impairments at Kang'onga Production Centre in Ndola was conducted. The study commenced in December 2014 to May 2015. A qualitative case study design was employed. The study used two focus group discussions with males and females. Each group comprised twelve participants. Eight in-depth interviews involving the visually impaired persons and five key informants working with visually impaired persons were conducted. Data was analysed thematically using NVIVO 8 software. Ethical clearance was sought from Excellency in Research Ethics and Science. Reference Number 2014-May-030. It was established that most visually impaired people lacked knowledge on the cause, transmission and treatment of HIV and AIDS resulting in misconceptions. It was revealed that health promoters and people working with the visually impaired did not have specific HIV and AIDS information programs in Zambia. Further, it was discovered that the media, information education communication and health education were channels through which the visually impaired accessed HIV and AIDS information. Discrimination, stigma, lack of employment opportunities, funding and poverty were among the many challenges identified which the visually impaired persons faced in accessing HIV and AIDS information. Integration of the visually impaired in HIV and AIDS programs would increase funding for economic empowerment and health promotions in order to improve communication on HIV and AIDS information. The study showed that, the visually impaired persons in Zambia are not catered for in the dissemination of HIV and AIDS information. Available information is not user-friendly because it is in unreadable formats thereby increasing the potential for misinformation and limitations to their access. This calls for innovations in the communication on HIV and AIDS information health promotion to the target groups.

HIV Treatment: The Basics

MedlinePlus

... AIDS Drugs Clinical Trials Apps skip to content HIV Treatment Home Understanding HIV/AIDS Fact Sheets HIV ... 4 p.m. ET) Send us an email HIV Treatment: The Basics Last Reviewed: March 22, 2018 ...

A guide to federal-aid programs and projects

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-05-01

This guide provides basic information about Federal-aid programs, projects, and other program characteristics. The information sheets contained in the guide provide fiscal information, statutory and regulatory references, general eligibility and back...

What is a Therapeutic HIV Vaccine?

MedlinePlus

... AIDS Drugs Clinical Trials Apps skip to content HIV Overview Home Understanding HIV/AIDS Fact Sheets What ... Send us an email What is a Therapeutic HIV Vaccine? Last Reviewed: August 16, 2017 Key Points ...

What is an Investigational HIV Drug?

MedlinePlus

... AIDS Drugs Clinical Trials Apps skip to content HIV Overview Home Understanding HIV/AIDS Fact Sheets What ... Send us an email What is an Investigational HIV Drug? Last Reviewed: August 25, 2017 Key Points ...

What is a Preventive HIV Vaccine?

MedlinePlus

... AIDS Drugs Clinical Trials Apps skip to content HIV Overview Home Understanding HIV/AIDS Fact Sheets What ... Send us an email What is a Preventive HIV Vaccine? Last Reviewed: August 16, 2017 Key Points ...

Financial Aid for Higher Education: Anything's Possible!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Information Center for Handicapped Children and Youth, Washington, DC.

Information on programs that provide financial aid to colleges and students are described in this information sheet of the National Information Center for Handicapped Children and Youth. Four basic categories of financial aid are grants, loans, work, and benefits. The Division of Personnel Preparation of the U.S. Department of Education makes…

AIDS and Chemical Dependency.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pohl, Melvin I.

After defining HIV and the AIDS disease and outlining symptoms and means of infection, this fact sheet lists the ways alcohol and drugs are involved with the AIDS epidemic, noting that needle-sharing transmits the virus; that alcohol or mood-altering drugs like crack cocaine cause disinhibition, increase sex drive, encourage sex for drugs, and…

Survey of Visual Ground Aids at O'Hare International Airport.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-01-01

During the period June - July 1974 a survey of Visual Ground Aids was conducted at O'Hare International Airport in Chicago, Illinois. The purpose of this survey was to identify equipment currently installed to aid in providing visual guidance to pilo...

Careers "Fact Sheets" for clinical engineering & biomedical technology.

PubMed

Pacela, A F

1991-01-01

Three Careers "Fact Sheets" include information on CE and BMET job titles, job descriptions, and certification. These materials are intended to aid in furthering professional recognition for Clinical Engineers and BMETs, and may be useful in communicating with Administration or Human Resources departments.

Distribution of Plasmoids in Post-Coronal Mass Ejection Current Sheets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bhattacharjee, A.; Guo, L.; Huang, Y.

2013-12-01

Recently, the fragmentation of a current sheet in the high-Lundquist-number regime caused by the plasmoid instability has been proposed as a possible mechanism for fast reconnection. In this work, we investigate this scenario by comparing the distribution of plasmoids obtained from Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) observational data of a coronal mass ejection event with a resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a similar event. The LASCO/C2 data are analyzed using visual inspection, whereas the numerical data are analyzed using both visual inspection and a more precise topological method. Contrasting the observational data with numerical data analyzed with both methods, we identify a major limitation of the visual inspection method, due to the difficulty in resolving smaller plasmoids. This result raises questions about reports of log-normal distributions of plasmoids and other coherent features in the recent literature. Based on nonlinear scaling relations of the plasmoid instability, we infer a lower bound on the current sheet width, assuming the underlying mechanism of current sheet broadening is resistive diffusion.

Fuels planning: science synthesis and integration; social issues fact sheet 13: Strategies for managing fuels and visual quality

Treesearch

Christine Esposito

2006-01-01

The public's acceptance of forest management practices, including fuels reduction, is heavily based on how forests look. Fuels managers can improve their chances of success by considering aesthetics when making management decisions. This fact sheet reviews a three-part general strategy for managing fuels and visual quality: planning, implementation, and monitoring...

Using Cascading Style Sheets to Design a Fly-Out Menu with Microsoft Visual Studio

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Chang; Downing, Charles

2010-01-01

The menu has become an integrated component within nearly all professionally designed websites. This teaching tip presents a no-code way to design either a vertical or a horizontal fly-out menu by using Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) within Microsoft Visual Studio 2008. The approach described in this tip helps students fully understand how to…

Student Aid in the Reagan Administration. Fact Sheet. Summary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Council on Education, Washington, DC.

Federal appropriations during 1981-1985 for student financial aid are reviewed, along with the effect of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981. The effective cut in need-based federal student aid for funding year (FY) 1981 totalled $600 million ($500 million Pell Grants, $100 million National Direct Student Loans). The Omnibus Budget…

Reconstruction and Visualization of Fiber and Laminar Structure inthe Normal Human Heart from Ex Vivo DTMRI Data

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rohmer, Damien; Sitek, Arkadiusz; Gullberg, Grant T.

2006-12-18

Background - The human heart is composed of a helicalnetwork of muscle fibers. These fibers are organized to form sheets thatare separated by cleavage surfaces. This complex structure of fibers andsheets is responsible for the orthotropic mechanical properties ofcardiac muscle. The understanding of the configuration of the 3D fiberand sheet structure is important for modeling the mechanical andelectrical properties of the heart and changes in this configuration maybe of significant importance to understand the remodeling aftermyocardial infarction.Methods - Anisotropic least square filteringfollowed by fiber and sheet tracking techniques were applied to DiffusionTensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DTMRI) data of the excisedmore » humanheart. The fiber configuration was visualized by using thin tubes toincrease 3-dimensional visual perception of the complex structure. Thesheet structures were reconstructed from the DTMRI data, obtainingsurfaces that span the wall from the endo- to the epicardium. Allvisualizations were performed using the high-quality ray-tracing softwarePOV-Ray. Results - The fibers are shown to lie in sheets that haveconcave or convex transmural structure which correspond to histologicalstudies published in the literature. The fiber angles varied depending onthe position between the epi- and endocardium. The sheets had a complexstructure that depended on the location within the myocardium. In theapex region the sheets had more curvature. Conclusions - A high-qualityvisualization algorithm applied to demonstrated high quality DTMRI datais able to elicit the comprehension of the complex 3 dimensionalstructure of the fibers and sheets in the heart.« less

The Antarctic Ice.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Radok, Uwe

1985-01-01

The International Antarctic Glaciological Project has collected information on the East Antarctic ice sheet since 1969. Analysis of ice cores revealed climatic history, and radar soundings helped map bedrock of the continent. Computer models of the ice sheet and its changes over time will aid in predicting the future. (DH)

Do Visual Aids Really Matter? A Comparison of Student Evaluations before and after Embedding Visuals into Video Lectures

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fish, Kristine; Mun, Jungwon; A'Jontue, RoseAnn

2016-01-01

Educational webcasts or video lectures as a teaching tool and a form of visual aid have become widely used with the rising prevalence of online and blended courses and with the increase of web-based video materials. Thus, research pertaining to factors enhancing the effectiveness of video lectures, such as number of visual aids, is critical. This…

36 CFR 1237.12 - What record elements must be created and preserved for permanent audiovisual records?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... projection prints in good condition or one projection print and one videotape. (3) Unedited footage, outtakes.... (f) Finding aids and production documentation. (1) Existing finding aids such as data sheets, shot...

36 CFR 1237.12 - What record elements must be created and preserved for permanent audiovisual records?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... projection prints in good condition or one projection print and one videotape. (3) Unedited footage, outtakes.... (f) Finding aids and production documentation. (1) Existing finding aids such as data sheets, shot...

36 CFR 1237.12 - What record elements must be created and preserved for permanent audiovisual records?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... projection prints in good condition or one projection print and one videotape. (3) Unedited footage, outtakes.... (f) Finding aids and production documentation. (1) Existing finding aids such as data sheets, shot...

36 CFR 1237.12 - What record elements must be created and preserved for permanent audiovisual records?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... projection prints in good condition or one projection print and one videotape. (3) Unedited footage, outtakes.... (f) Finding aids and production documentation. (1) Existing finding aids such as data sheets, shot...

Following an HIV Regimen: Steps to Take Before and After Starting HIV Medicines

MedlinePlus

... AIDS Drugs Clinical Trials Apps skip to content HIV Treatment Home Understanding HIV/AIDS Fact Sheets Following ... m. ET) Send us an email Following an HIV Regimen: Steps to Take Before and After Starting ...

Design, Development, and Evaluation of Visual Aids for Communicating Prescription Drug Instructions to Nonliterate Patients in Rural Cameroon.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ngoh, Lucy N.; Shepherd, Marvin D.

1997-01-01

Culturally sensitive visual aids designed to help convey drug information to nonliterate female adults requiring antibiotics were developed. Researchers conceptualized the messages, and a local artist produced the visual aids. Comprehension and compliance with prescription instructions were evaluated (N=78). Results and practical implications are…

Conceptual Data Visualization in Archival Finding Aids: Preliminary User Responses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bahde, Anne

2017-01-01

This paper explores possibilities for marrying data visualization to online archival finding aids, which have continually suffered from usability issues in their long history. This paper describes a project in which two different data visualization models were built to replace sections of an archival finding aid. Users were then shown the models,…

Cell replacement and visual restoration by retinal sheet transplants

PubMed Central

Seiler, Magdalene J.; Aramant, Robert B.

2012-01-01

Retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) affect millions of people. Replacing lost cells with new cells that connect with the still functional part of the host retina might repair a degenerating retina and restore eyesight to an unknown extent. A unique model, subretinal transplantation of freshly dissected sheets of fetal-derived retinal progenitor cells, combined with its retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), has demonstrated successful results in both animals and humans. Most other approaches are restricted to rescue endogenous retinal cells of the recipient in earlier disease stages by a ‘nursing’ role of the implanted cells and are not aimed at neural retinal cell replacement. Sheet transplants restore lost visual responses in several retinal degeneration models in the superior colliculus (SC) corresponding to the location of the transplant in the retina. They do not simply preserve visual performance – they increase visual responsiveness to light. Restoration of visual responses in the SC can be directly traced to neural cells in the transplant, demonstrating that synaptic connections between transplant and host contribute to the visual improvement. Transplant processes invade the inner plexiform layer of the host retina and form synapses with presumable host cells. In a Phase II trial of RP and ARMD patients, transplants of retina together with its RPE improved visual acuity. In summary, retinal progenitor sheet transplantation provides an excellent model to answer questions about how to repair and restore function of a degenerating retina. Supply of fetal donor tissue will always be limited but the model can set a standard and provide an informative base for optimal cell replacement therapies such as embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived therapy. PMID:22771454

36 CFR § 1237.12 - What record elements must be created and preserved for permanent audiovisual records?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... projection prints in good condition or one projection print and one videotape. (3) Unedited footage, outtakes.... (f) Finding aids and production documentation. (1) Existing finding aids such as data sheets, shot...

Educational Aids for Visually Handicapped.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Printing House for the Blind, Louisville, KY.

Listings specifying source and cost are provided of tactile aids and materials designed for the visually handicapped. Items are presented in the following categories: supply sources and catalogs for aids; braille devices, including duplicators, reading and writing aids, reading readiness materials, and writing machines, slates, and styluses; deaf…

A laser-sheet flow visualization technique for the large wind tunnels of the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reinath, M. S.; Ross, J. C.

1990-01-01

A flow visualization technique for the large wind tunnels of the National Full Scale Aerodynamics Complex (NFAC) is described. The technique uses a laser sheet generated by the NFAC Long Range Laser Velocimeter (LRLV) to illuminate a smoke-like tracer in the flow. The LRLV optical system is modified slightly, and a scanned mirror is added to generate the sheet. These modifications are described, in addition to the results of an initial performance test conducted in the 80- by 120-Foot Wind Tunnel. During this test, flow visualization was performed in the wake region behind a truck as part of a vehicle drag reduction study. The problems encountered during the test are discussed, in addition to the recommended improvements needed to enhance the performance of the technique for future applications.

Food Stamps. Learning Packet No. 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Bar Association, Washington, DC. Clearinghouse for Offender Literacy Programs.

This package of instructional materials is designed to aid adults in prison to perform the functional skill of applying for food stamps. The materials consist of instructions for teachers, a sample application for food stamps, a student's work sheet and answer sheet, vocabulary flash cards, and resource materials on food stamps. (MKM)

National Apprenticeship and Training Standards for the Sheet Metal Industry. Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Employment and Training Administration (DOL), Washington, DC. Bureau of Apprenticeship and Training.

These national standards are designed to aid contractors, labor, and joint committees in setting up, conducting, and improving apprenticeship programs for individuals seeking to become skilled in the sheet metal industry. Covered in the individual sections are the following topics: the provisions of the apprenticeship standards (definitions,…

An Audio-Visual Resource Notebook for Adult Consumer Education. An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Audio-Visual Aids for Adult Consumer Education, with Special Emphasis on Materials for Elderly, Low-Income and Handicapped Consumers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Virginia State Dept. of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Richmond, VA.

This document is an annotated bibliography of audio-visual aids in the field of consumer education, intended especially for use among low-income, elderly, and handicapped consumers. It was developed to aid consumer education program planners in finding audio-visual resources to enhance their presentations. Materials listed include 293 resources…

Visual aids: a range of uses.

PubMed

Bradley, S

1995-01-01

The author explains why pictures have such impact. Images catch people's attention and to some extent can substitute for written words. They can be either still images like posters and flipcharts, three-dimensional images such as models or puppets, or they can show live events through drama, film, and video. Each of these are considered visual aids when used as teaching tools. When choosing visual aids, it is important to know which audience is being addressed and why, and to choose the visual aid which is most appropriate for the occasion. It is very important to pre-test pictures, especially when they will be used on their own without a facilitator to help participants analyze them. While some visual aids, such as maps and diagrams, are understood by everyone, people in some remote areas where there are very few books or papers may find pictures hard to understand. Facilitators are crucial to the successful use of visual aids. It is therefore very important that facilitators receive quality training. Well-trained facilitators from the local area will be more aware of local culture and concerns, and may be more trusted by participants. Poor training must be avoided. Finally, even though pictures can be misinterpreted, visual aids can make teaching and learning more enjoyable for many people. For people who find reading or speaking out difficult, the use of pictures may be the only way they can participate in discussions and decisions.

Effects of Binaural Sensory Aids on the Development of Visual Perceptual Abilities in Visually Handicapped Infants. Final Report, April 15, 1982-November 15, 1982.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hart, Verna; Ferrell, Kay

Twenty-four congenitally visually handicapped infants, aged 6-24 months, participated in a study to determine (1) those stimuli best able to elicit visual attention, (2) the stability of visual acuity over time, and (3) the effects of binaural sensory aids on both visual attention and visual acuity. Ss were dichotomized into visually handicapped…

37 CFR 41.47 - Oral hearing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... on and call the Board's attention to a recent court or Board opinion which could have an effect on the manner in which the appeal is decided. (k) Visual aids. Visual aids may be used at an oral hearing... copy of each visual aid (photograph in the case of an artifact, a model or an exhibit) for each judge...

Designing Visual Aids That Promote Risk Literacy: A Systematic Review of Health Research and Evidence-Based Design Heuristics.

PubMed

Garcia-Retamero, Rocio; Cokely, Edward T

2017-06-01

Background Effective risk communication is essential for informed decision making. Unfortunately, many people struggle to understand typical risk communications because they lack essential decision-making skills. Objective The aim of this study was to review the literature on the effect of numeracy on risk literacy, decision making, and health outcomes, and to evaluate the benefits of visual aids in risk communication. Method We present a conceptual framework describing the influence of numeracy on risk literacy, decision making, and health outcomes, followed by a systematic review of the benefits of visual aids in risk communication for people with different levels of numeracy and graph literacy. The systematic review covers scientific research published between January 1995 and April 2016, drawn from the following databases: Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, ERIC, Medline, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were investigation of the effect of numeracy and/or graph literacy, and investigation of the effect of visual aids or comparison of their effect with that of numerical information. Thirty-six publications met the criteria, providing data on 27,885 diverse participants from 60 countries. Results Transparent visual aids robustly improved risk understanding in diverse individuals by encouraging thorough deliberation, enhancing cognitive self-assessment, and reducing conceptual biases in memory. Improvements in risk understanding consistently produced beneficial changes in attitudes, behavioral intentions, trust, and healthy behaviors. Visual aids were found to be particularly beneficial for vulnerable and less skilled individuals. Conclusion Well-designed visual aids tend to be highly effective tools for improving informed decision making among diverse decision makers. We identify five categories of practical, evidence-based guidelines for heuristic evaluation and design of effective visual aids.

Fact Sheet: LGBT Discrimination in Higher Education Financial Aid--Assistance Should Be Allocated on Need, Not Sexual Orientation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burns, Crosby

2012-01-01

Through the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA, the federal government provides more financial aid for higher education than any other institution. But because of discriminatory laws the FAFSA treats families headed by two mothers or two fathers differently than families headed by a mother and a father. This treatment distributes…

AIDS:Information on Global Dimensions and Possible Impacts. Fact Sheet to the Honorable Jesse Helms, U.S. Senate.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

General Accounting Office, Washington, DC.

Information is provided on the impact of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) on world population and demographics and the likely effects of AIDS on Zaire. The views of United States and World Health Organization (WHO) officials were obtained on regional differences in the incidence and natural…

Impact of oral health education by audio aids, braille and tactile models on the oral health status of visually impaired children of Bhopal City.

PubMed

Gautam, Anjali; Bhambal, Ajay; Moghe, Swapnil

2018-01-01

Children with special needs face unique challenges in day-to-day practice. They are dependent on their close ones for everything. To improve oral hygiene in such visually impaired children, undue training and education are required. Braille is an important language for reading and writing for the visually impaired. It helps them understand and visualize the world via touch. Audio aids are being used to impart health education to the visually impaired. Tactile models help them perceive things which they cannot visualize and hence are an important learning tool. This study aimed to assess the improvement in oral hygiene by audio aids and Braille and tactile models in visually impaired children aged 6-16 years of Bhopal city. This was a prospective study. Sixty visually impaired children aged 6-16 years were selected and randomly divided into three groups (20 children each). Group A: audio aids + Braille, Group B: audio aids + tactile models, and Group C: audio aids + Braille + tactile models. Instructions were given for maintaining good oral hygiene and brushing techniques were explained to all children. After 3 months' time, the oral hygiene status was recorded and compared using plaque and gingival index. ANNOVA test was used. The present study showed a decrease in the mean plaque and gingival scores at all time intervals in individual group as compared to that of the baseline that was statistically significant. The study depicts that the combination of audio aids, Braille and tactile models is an effective way to provide oral health education and improve oral health status of visually impaired children.

"The Gallery": An Experiential Approach to Visual Aid Construction and Analysis in the Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tyma, Adam W.

2008-01-01

When working with students to prepare oral presentations, the question--"What makes an effective visual aid?"--often arises. Most teachers realize the value of visual aids, but what makes them effective is sometimes unclear. There seems to be a disconnect between what the teacher, the textbook, and the student actually perceive to be a "good"…

Effects of audio-visual aids on foreign language test anxiety, reading and listening comprehension, and retention in EFL learners.

PubMed

Lee, Shu-Ping; Lee, Shin-Da; Liao, Yuan-Lin; Wang, An-Chi

2015-04-01

This study examined the effects of audio-visual aids on anxiety, comprehension test scores, and retention in reading and listening to short stories in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. Reading and listening tests, general and test anxiety, and retention were measured in English-major college students in an experimental group with audio-visual aids (n=83) and a control group without audio-visual aids (n=94) with similar general English proficiency. Lower reading test anxiety, unchanged reading comprehension scores, and better reading short-term and long-term retention after four weeks were evident in the audiovisual group relative to the control group. In addition, lower listening test anxiety, higher listening comprehension scores, and unchanged short-term and long-term retention were found in the audiovisual group relative to the control group after the intervention. Audio-visual aids may help to reduce EFL learners' listening test anxiety and enhance their listening comprehension scores without facilitating retention of such materials. Although audio-visual aids did not increase reading comprehension scores, they helped reduce EFL learners' reading test anxiety and facilitated retention of reading materials.

Adult Education for the Handicapped. Overview: ERIC Fact Sheet No. 23.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Imel, Susan

This fact sheet presents the needs and characteristics of handicapped adults as an aid in developing and adapting educational programs. Following a discussion of the desire which adult educators feel to provide opportunities for all students, four general problem areas are described: attitudes of others, lack of mobility, diminished cognitive or…

36 CFR 1235.42 - What specifications and standards for transfer apply to audiovisual records, cartographic, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... exist. (2) Agency-acquired motion picture films: Two projection prints in good condition or one projection print and one videotape. (3) Unedited footage, outtakes, and trims (the discards of film...: (1) Existing finding aids such as data sheets, shot lists, continuities, review sheets, catalogs...

36 CFR 1235.42 - What specifications and standards for transfer apply to audiovisual records, cartographic, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... exist. (2) Agency-acquired motion picture films: Two projection prints in good condition or one projection print and one videotape. (3) Unedited footage, outtakes, and trims (the discards of film...: (1) Existing finding aids such as data sheets, shot lists, continuities, review sheets, catalogs...

36 CFR § 1235.42 - What specifications and standards for transfer apply to audiovisual records, cartographic, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... exist. (2) Agency-acquired motion picture films: Two projection prints in good condition or one projection print and one videotape. (3) Unedited footage, outtakes, and trims (the discards of film...: (1) Existing finding aids such as data sheets, shot lists, continuities, review sheets, catalogs...

36 CFR 1235.42 - What specifications and standards for transfer apply to audiovisual records, cartographic, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... exist. (2) Agency-acquired motion picture films: Two projection prints in good condition or one projection print and one videotape. (3) Unedited footage, outtakes, and trims (the discards of film...: (1) Existing finding aids such as data sheets, shot lists, continuities, review sheets, catalogs...

36 CFR 1235.42 - What specifications and standards for transfer apply to audiovisual records, cartographic, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... exist. (2) Agency-acquired motion picture films: Two projection prints in good condition or one projection print and one videotape. (3) Unedited footage, outtakes, and trims (the discards of film...: (1) Existing finding aids such as data sheets, shot lists, continuities, review sheets, catalogs...

Considerations for the composition of visual scene displays: potential contributions of information from visual and cognitive sciences.

PubMed

Wilkinson, Krista M; Light, Janice; Drager, Kathryn

2012-09-01

Aided augmentative and alternative (AAC) interventions have been demonstrated to facilitate a variety of communication outcomes in persons with intellectual disabilities. Most aided AAC systems rely on a visual modality. When the medium for communication is visual, it seems likely that the effectiveness of intervention depends in part on the effectiveness and efficiency with which the information presented in the display can be perceived, identified, and extracted by communicators and their partners. Understanding of visual-cognitive processing - that is, how a user attends, perceives, and makes sense of the visual information on the display - therefore seems critical to designing effective aided AAC interventions. In this Forum Note, we discuss characteristics of one particular type of aided AAC display, that is, Visual Scene Displays (VSDs) as they may relate to user visual and cognitive processing. We consider three specific ways in which bodies of knowledge drawn from the visual cognitive sciences may be relevant to the composition of VSDs, with the understanding the direct research with children with complex communication needs is necessary to verify or refute our speculations.

Evaluation of Sensory Aids for the Visually Handicapped.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council, Washington, DC.

Presented are 11 papers given at a conference on the evaluation of sensory aids for the visually handicapped which emphasized mobility and reading aids beginning to be tested and distributed widely. Many of the presentations are by the principal developers or advocates of the aids. Introductory readings compare the role of evaluation in the…

Textile Visual Materials: Appropriate Technology in Action.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Donoghue, Beverly Emerson

An innovative educational medium--screenprinted visual aids on cloth--is one alternative to conventional media in Africa, where visual materials are important communication tools but conventional media and materials are often scarce. A production process for cloth visual aids was developed and evaluated in Ghana and Sudan through the…

A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF PRESENTING INFORMATIVE SPEECHES WITH AND WITHOUT THE USE OF VISUAL AIDS TO VOLUNTARY ADULT AUDIENCES.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

BODENHAMER, SCHELL H.

TO DETERMINE THE COMPARATIVE AMOUNT OF LEARNING THAT OCCURRED AND THE AUDIENCE REACTION TO MEETING EFFECTIVENESS, A 20-MINUTE INFORMATIVE SPEECH, "THE WEATHER," WAS PRESENTED WITH VISUAL AIDS TO 23 AND WITHOUT VISUAL AIDS TO 23 INFORMAL, VOLUNTARY, ADULT AUDIENCES. THE AUDIENCES WERE RANDOMLY DIVIDED, AND CONTROLS WERE USED TO ASSURE IDENTICAL…

Modeling DNA structure and processes through animation and kinesthetic visualizations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hager, Christine

There have been many studies regarding the effectiveness of visual aids that go beyond that of static illustrations. Many of these have been concentrated on the effectiveness of visual aids such as animations and models or even non-traditional visual aid activities like role-playing activities. This study focuses on the effectiveness of three different types of visual aids: models, animation, and a role-playing activity. Students used a modeling kit made of Styrofoam balls and toothpicks to construct nucleotides and then bond nucleotides together to form DNA. Next, students created their own animation to depict the processes of DNA replication, transcription, and translation. Finally, students worked in teams to build proteins while acting out the process of translation. Students were given a pre- and post-test that measured their knowledge and comprehension of the four topics mentioned above. Results show that there was a significant gain in the post-test scores when compared to the pre-test scores. This indicates that the incorporated visual aids were effective methods for teaching DNA structure and processes.

Optimization of the cleaning process on a pilot filtration setup for waste water treatment accompanied by flow visualization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bílek, Petr; Hrůza, Jakub

2018-06-01

This paper deals with an optimization of the cleaning process on a liquid flat-sheet filter accompanied by visualization of the inlet side of a filter. The cleaning process has a crucial impact on the hydrodynamic properties of flat-sheet filters. Cleaning methods avoid depositing of particles on the filter surface and forming a filtration cake. Visualization significantly helps to optimize the cleaning methods, because it brings new overall view on the filtration process in time. The optical method, described in the article, enables to see flow behaviour in a thin laser sheet on the inlet side of a tested filter during the cleaning process. Visualization is a strong tool for investigation of the processes on filters in details and it is also possible to determine concentration of particles after an image analysis. The impact of air flow rate, inverse pressure drop and duration on the cleaning mechanism is investigated in the article. Images of the cleaning process are compared to the hydrodynamic data. The tests are carried out on a pilot filtration setup for waste water treatment.

Design, development, and evaluation of visual aids for communicating prescription drug instructions to nonliterate patients in rural Cameroon.

PubMed

Ngoh, L N; Shepherd, M D

1997-03-01

In this study, culturally sensitive visual aids designed to help convey drug information to nonliterate female adults who had a prescription for a solid oral dosage form of antibiotic medications were developed and evaluated. The researchers conceptualized the educational messages while a local artist produced the visual aids. Seventy-eight female ambulatory patients were evaluated for comprehension and compliance with antibiotic prescription instructions. The study was conducted in three health centers in Cameroon, West Africa and followed a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up format for three groups: two experimental, and one control. All participants were randomly assigned to either experimental or control groups, 26 patients to each group. Subjects in the experimental groups received visual aids alone or visual aids plus an Advanced Organizer. A comparison of the three groups showed that subjects in the experimental groups scored significantly higher than the control group in both the comprehension and compliance measures.

Fuels planning: science synthesis and integration; environmental consequences fact sheet 08: Evaluating sedimentation risks associated with fuel management

Treesearch

William Elliot; Pete Robichaud

2005-01-01

This fact sheet describes the sources of sediment in upland forest watersheds in the context of fuel management activities. It presents the dominant forest soil erosion processes, and the principles behind the new sediment delivery interface developed to aid in erosion analysis of fuel management projects.

Organizational Strategies to Increase Content Area Learning: Webbing, Pyramiding, and Think Sheets.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clewell, Suzanne; Haidemenos, Julie

A review of schema theory and memory research shows how the organization of text can affect comprehension and how three reading strategies can aid in improving student understanding of content area materials. The three strategies that help students remember information from the author's point of view are webbing, pyramiding, and think sheets. They…

What Do Young Adult Novels Say about HIV/AIDS?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gross, Melissa

1998-01-01

Using a content analysis approach, this investigation systematically studies messages about HIV/AIDS contained in young adult novels and considers the effects of these messages as an information source for the reader. Young adults and young adult fiction are defined, and coding sheets and bibliographies are appended. (Author/LRW)

A training tool for visual aids. Using tracing techniques to create visual aids.

PubMed

Clark, M; Walters, J E; Wileman, R

1982-01-01

This training tool explains the use of tracing techniques to create visuals requiring few materials and no training of special skills in drawing. Magazines, books, posters, and many other materials contain photographs and drawings which can be used to create visual aids for health training and public health education. The materials required are pencils, an eraser, crayons or colored marking pens, paper clips, tracing and drawing paper, carbon paper, and sources of visual images. The procedure is described. The material was prepared by INTRAH staff members. Other materials include how to evaluate teaching, how to create a family health case study and training in group dynamics.

Considerations for the Composition of Visual Scene Displays: Potential Contributions of Information from Visual and Cognitive Sciences (Forum Note)

PubMed Central

Wilkinson, Krista M.; Light, Janice; Drager, Kathryn

2013-01-01

Aided augmentative and alternative (AAC) interventions have been demonstrated to facilitate a variety of communication outcomes in persons with intellectual disabilities. Most aided AAC systems rely on a visual modality. When the medium for communication is visual, it seems likely that the effectiveness of intervention depends in part on the effectiveness and efficiency with which the information presented in the display can be perceived, identified, and extracted by communicators and their partners. Understanding of visual-cognitive processing – that is, how a user attends, perceives, and makes sense of the visual information on the display – therefore seems critical to designing effective aided AAC interventions. In this Forum Note, we discuss characteristics of one particular type of aided AAC display, that is, Visual Scene Displays (VSDs) as they may relate to user visual and cognitive processing. We consider three specific ways in which bodies of knowledge drawn from the visual cognitive sciences may be relevant to the composition of VSDs, with the understanding the direct research with children with complex communication needs is necessary to verify or refute our speculations. PMID:22946989

An audit of the quality of operation notes in an otolaryngology unit.

PubMed

Bateman, N D; Carney, A S; Gibbin, K P

1999-04-01

Hand-written operation notes are often produced as evidence in medico-legal cases. Incomplete and illegible notes, along with the use of confusing abbreviations, are a common source of weakness in a surgeon's defence. An audit of 100 sets of operation notes was carried out in a single otolaryngology department. Notes were scrutinised for the accuracy of data, ward, department and name of surgeon, as well as for the inclusion of unacceptable abbreviations. Using an aide-memoire attached to the front of the operation sheet, the audit was repeated with identical criteria. The aide-memoire improved the standard of operation note with respect to all measured criteria. Clear identification of operating surgeon improved from 74% to 93%, and the avoidance of unacceptable abbreviations rose from 53% to 84%. We conclude that a simple aide-memoire attached to operation note sheets can significantly improve the quality of note-keeping and potentially avoid medico-legal problems.

Cross-Linking Cellulosic Fibers with Photoreactive Polymers: Visualization with Confocal Raman and Fluorescence Microscopy.

PubMed

Janko, Marek; Jocher, Michael; Boehm, Alexander; Babel, Laura; Bump, Steven; Biesalski, Markus; Meckel, Tobias; Stark, Robert W

2015-07-13

The properties of paper sheets can be tuned by adjusting the surface or bulk chemistry using functional polymers that are applied during (online) or after (offline) papermaking processes. In particular, polymers are widely used to enhance the mechanical strength of the wet state of paper sheets. However, the mechanical strength depends not only on the chemical nature of the polymeric additives but also on the distribution of the polymer on and in the lignocellulosic paper. Here, we analyze the photochemical attachment and distribution of hydrophilic polydimethylacrylamide-co-methacrylate-benzophenone P(DMAA-co-MABP) copolymers with defined amounts of photoreactive benzophenone moieties in model paper sheets. Raman microscopy was used for the unambiguous identification of P(DMAA-co-MABP) and cellulose specific bands and thus the copolymer distribution within the cellulose matrix. Two-dimensional Raman spectral maps at the intersections of overlapping cellulose fibers document that the macromolecules only partially surround the cellulose fibers, favor to attach to the fiber surface, and connect the cellulose fibers at crossings. Moreover, the copolymer appears to accumulate preferentially in holes, vacancies, and dips on the cellulose fiber surface. Correlative brightfield, Raman, and confocal laser scanning microscopy finally reveal a reticular three-dimensional distribution of the polymer and show that the polymer is predominately deposited in regions of high capillarity (i.e., in proximity to fine cellulose fibrils). These data provide deeper insights into the effects of paper functionalization with a copolymer and aid in understanding how these agents ultimately influence the local and overall properties of paper.

Should visual speech cues (speechreading) be considered when fitting hearing aids?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grant, Ken

2002-05-01

When talker and listener are face-to-face, visual speech cues become an important part of the communication environment, and yet, these cues are seldom considered when designing hearing aids. Models of auditory-visual speech recognition highlight the importance of complementary versus redundant speech information for predicting auditory-visual recognition performance. Thus, for hearing aids to work optimally when visual speech cues are present, it is important to know whether the cues provided by amplification and the cues provided by speechreading complement each other. In this talk, data will be reviewed that show nonmonotonicity between auditory-alone speech recognition and auditory-visual speech recognition, suggesting that efforts designed solely to improve auditory-alone recognition may not always result in improved auditory-visual recognition. Data will also be presented showing that one of the most important speech cues for enhancing auditory-visual speech recognition performance, voicing, is often the cue that benefits least from amplification.

Bibliography of Training Aids. 2nd Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Inst., Arlington, VA.

A revision of ED 018 650, this annotated bibliography prepared by the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute lists training materials, films, and ancillary visual aids available from 34 member companies for use in air-conditioning and refrigeration training programs. Over 160 visual training aids are listed, arranged under the following…

State Capacity and Resistance in Afghanistan

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

PRGF )222 of the International Monetary Fund (IMF).223 Facing these self-imposed (internal) and international (external) constraints, budget and...Budget_Policy_Coord_Reporting/Fact _Sheet/Fact_sheet_final_1386.pdf (accessed 19 November 2008). 222 The PRGF provides aid and structural guidance in the...management. See: A Factsheet: The Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility ( PRGF ). (International Monetary Fund, October 2008). On the web: http

Lithology and chronology of ice-sheet fluctuations (magnetic susceptibility of cores from the western Ross Sea)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jennings, Anne E.

1993-01-01

The goals of the marine geology part of WAIS include reconstructing the chronology and areal extent of ice-sheet fluctuations and understanding the climatic and oceanographic influences on ice-sheet history. As an initial step toward attaining these goals, down-core volume magnetic susceptibility (MS) logs of piston cores from three N-S transects in the western Ross Sea are compared. The core transects are within separate petrographic provinces based on analyses of till composition. The provinces are thought to reflect the previous locations of ice streams on the shelf during the last glaciation. Magnetic susceptibility is a function of magnetic mineral composition, sediment texture, and sediment density. It is applied in the western Ross Sea for two purposes: (1) to determine whether MS data differentiates the three transects (i.e., flow lines), and thus can be used to make paleodrainage reconstructions of the late Wisconsinan ice sheet; and (2) to determine whether the MS data can aid in distinguishing basal till diamictons from diamictons of glacial-marine origin and thus, aid paleoenvironmental interpretations. A comparison of the combined data of cores in each transect is presented.

Nutrition Aide. Curriculum. Competency-Based Vocational Education Instructional Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barkley, Margaret; Dillon, Nancy

This curriculum guide provides materials for a course to prepare students for the occupation of nutrition aide. Fifteen modules are provided. They are self-contained and require little effort on the instructor's part aside from scoring posttests and providing equipment. Each module consists of a cover sheet that details job skills, performance…

Korean consumers' perceptions of health/functional food claims according to the strength of scientific evidence

PubMed Central

Kim, Ji Yeon; Kang, Eun Jin; Kwon, Oran

2010-01-01

In this study, we investigated that consumers could differentiate between levels of claims and clarify how a visual aid influences consumer understanding of the different claim levels. We interviewed 2,000 consumers in 13 shopping malls on their perception of and confidence in different levels of health claims using seven point scales. The average confidence scores given by participants were 4.17 for the probable level and 4.07 for the possible level; the score for the probable level was significantly higher than that for the possible level (P < 0.05). Scores for confidence in claims after reading labels with and without a visual aid were 5.27 and 4.43, respectively; the score for labeling with a visual aid was significantly higher than for labeling without a visual aid (P < 0.01). Our results provide compelling evidence that providing health claims with qualifying language differentiating levels of scientific evidence can help consumers understand the strength of scientific evidence behind those claims. Moreover, when a visual aid was included, consumers perceived the scientific levels more clearly and had greater confidence in their meanings than when a visual aid was not included. Although this result suggests that consumers react differently to different claim levels, it is not yet clear whether consumers understand the variations in the degree of scientific support. PMID:21103090

38 CFR 17.149 - Sensori-neural aids.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... attendance or by reason of being permanently housebound; (6) Those who have a visual or hearing impairment... normally occurring visual or hearing impairments; and (8) Those visually or hearing impaired so severely... frequency ranges which contribute to a loss of communication ability; however, hearing aids are to be...

Preliminary Investigation of Visual Attention to Human Figures in Photographs: Potential Considerations for the Design of Aided AAC Visual Scene Displays

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilkinson, Krista M.; Light, Janice

2011-01-01

Purpose: Many individuals with complex communication needs may benefit from visual aided augmentative and alternative communication systems. In visual scene displays (VSDs), language concepts are embedded into a photograph of a naturalistic event. Humans play a central role in communication development and might be important elements in VSDs.…

Computer Skill Acquisition and Retention: The Effects of Computer-Aided Self-Explanation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chi, Tai-Yin

2016-01-01

This research presents an experimental study to determine to what extent computer skill learners can benefit from generating self-explanation with the aid of different computer-based visualization technologies. Self-explanation was stimulated with dynamic visualization (Screencast), static visualization (Screenshot), or verbal instructions only,…

Human corneal endothelial cell transplantation using nanocomposite gel sheet in bullous keratopathy.

PubMed

Parikumar, Periasamy; Haraguchi, Kazutoshi; Senthilkumar, Rajappa; Abraham, Samuel Jk

2018-01-01

Transplantation of in vitro expanded human corneal endothelial precursors (HCEP) cells using a nanocomposite (D25-NC) gel sheet as supporting material in bovine's cornea has been earlier reported. Herein we report the transplantation of HCEP cells derived from a cadaver donor cornea to three patients using the NC gel sheet. In three patients with bullous keratopathy, one after cataract surgery, one after trauma and another in the corneal graft, earlier performed for congenital corneal dystrophy, not amenable to medical management HCEP cells isolated from a human cadaver donor cornea in vitro expanded using a thermoreversible gelation polymer (TGP) for 26 days were divided into three equal portions and 1.6 × 10 5 HCEP cells were injected on to the endothelium of the affected eye in each patient using the D25-NC gel sheet as a supporting material. The sheets were removed after three days. The bullae in the cornea disappeared by the 3 rd -11 th post-operative day in all the three patients. Visual acuity improved from Perception of light (PL)+/Projection of rays (PR)+ to Hand movements (HM)+ in one of the patients by post-operative day 3 which was maintained at 18 months follow-up. At 18 months follow-up, in another patient the visual acuity had improved from HM+ to 6/60 while in the third patient, visual acuity remained HM+ as it was prior to HCEP transplantation. There were no adverse effects during the follow-up in any of the patients.

The Effects of Computer-Aided Design Software on Engineering Students' Spatial Visualisation Skills

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kösa, Temel; Karakus, Fatih

2018-01-01

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of computer-aided design (CAD) software-based instruction on the spatial visualisation skills of freshman engineering students in a computer-aided engineering drawing course. A quasi-experimental design was applied, using the Purdue Spatial Visualization Test-Visualization of Rotations…

Visual Aids and Eye Protection for the Aviator

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-10-01

pigmentosa patients. Retinitis pigmen- toss robs you of your night vision very quickly. You still can see centrally and in the daytime but very little at...AND VISUAL AIDS by D.H.Brennan CI INTEGRATION OF AVIATOR’S EYE PROTECTION AND VISUAL AIDS by G.TChisum and P.E.Morway C2 PROTECTION FROM RETINAL BURNS...ensure that infra red wavelengths outside the visible band (MOO-1400 nm) are also attenuated to avoid any possibility of retinal burns. Short ultra

Automated knot detection with visual post-processing of Douglas-fir veneer images

Treesearch

C.L. Todoroki; Eini C. Lowell; Dennis Dykstra

2010-01-01

Knots on digital images of 51 full veneer sheets, obtained from nine peeler blocks crosscut from two 35-foot (10.7 m) long logs and one 18-foot (5.5 m) log from a single Douglas-fir tree, were detected using a two-phase algorithm. The algorithm was developed using one image, the Development Sheet, refined on five other images, the Training Sheets, and then applied to...

Sketching Designs Using the Five Design-Sheet Methodology.

PubMed

Roberts, Jonathan C; Headleand, Chris; Ritsos, Panagiotis D

2016-01-01

Sketching designs has been shown to be a useful way of planning and considering alternative solutions. The use of lo-fidelity prototyping, especially paper-based sketching, can save time, money and converge to better solutions more quickly. However, this design process is often viewed to be too informal. Consequently users do not know how to manage their thoughts and ideas (to first think divergently, to then finally converge on a suitable solution). We present the Five Design Sheet (FdS) methodology. The methodology enables users to create information visualization interfaces through lo-fidelity methods. Users sketch and plan their ideas, helping them express different possibilities, think through these ideas to consider their potential effectiveness as solutions to the task (sheet 1); they create three principle designs (sheets 2,3 and 4); before converging on a final realization design that can then be implemented (sheet 5). In this article, we present (i) a review of the use of sketching as a planning method for visualization and the benefits of sketching, (ii) a detailed description of the Five Design Sheet (FdS) methodology, and (iii) an evaluation of the FdS using the System Usability Scale, along with a case-study of its use in industry and experience of its use in teaching.

Media Libraries in Action for Administrators, Teachers, Media Librarians, Library Technicians/Aides, and Volunteer Parents (Helping Programs Grow).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Franklin, Esther, Ed.

Suggestions for improving school library and media services are offered by elementary school media staff in the Sacramento (California) area. This manual consists of one-page reference sheets for each school that responded to a request to share helpful ideas on media services. In addition to a helpful idea or ideas, each sheet includes the name of…

Roll-to-roll continuous patterning and transfer of graphene via dispersive adhesion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choi, Taejun; Kim, Sang Jin; Park, Subeom; Hwang, Taek Yong; Jeon, Youngro; Hong, Byung Hee

2015-04-01

We present a roll-to-roll, continuous patterning and transfer of graphene sheets capable of residue-free and fast patterning. The graphene sheet is supported with dispersive adhesion. Graphene is continuously patterned by the difference in adhesion forces with a pre-defined embossed roller. The patterned graphene sheet adheres to the polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/silicone with very low strength and can be easily transferred to various substrates without the aid of any heating mechanism. The width of the patterned film was 120 mm and a production rate of 15 m min-1 for patterning was achieved. Large-area uniformity was confirmed by observing the optical images on 4 inch Si wafer and Raman mapping spectra for 50 × 50 mm2.We present a roll-to-roll, continuous patterning and transfer of graphene sheets capable of residue-free and fast patterning. The graphene sheet is supported with dispersive adhesion. Graphene is continuously patterned by the difference in adhesion forces with a pre-defined embossed roller. The patterned graphene sheet adheres to the polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/silicone with very low strength and can be easily transferred to various substrates without the aid of any heating mechanism. The width of the patterned film was 120 mm and a production rate of 15 m min-1 for patterning was achieved. Large-area uniformity was confirmed by observing the optical images on 4 inch Si wafer and Raman mapping spectra for 50 × 50 mm2. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06991a

Presentation Technology in the Age of Electronic Eloquence: From Visual Aid to Visual Rhetoric

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cyphert, Dale

2007-01-01

Attention to presentation technology in the public speaking classroom has grown along with its contemporary use, but instruction generally positions the topic as a subset of visual aids. As contemporary public discourse enters an age of electronic eloquence, instructional focus on verbal communication might limit students' capacity to effectively…

Visions of visualization aids - Design philosophy and observations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ellis, Stephen R.

1989-01-01

Aids for the visualization of high-dimensional scientific or other data must be designed. Simply casting multidimensional data into a two-dimensional or three-dimensional spatial metaphor does not guarantee that the presentation will provide insight or a parsimonious description of phenomena implicit in the data. Useful visualization, in contrast to glitzy, high-tech, computer-graphics imagery, is generally based on preexisting theoretical beliefs concerning the underlying phenomena. These beliefs guide selection and formatting of the plotted variables. Visualization tools are useful for understanding naturally three-dimensional data bases such as those used by pilots or astronauts. Two examples of such aids for spatial maneuvering illustrate that informative geometric distortion may be introduced to assist visualization and that visualization of complex dynamics alone may not be adequate to provide the necessary insight into the underlying processes.

Proper Use of Audio-Visual Aids: Essential for Educators.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dejardin, Conrad

1989-01-01

Criticizes educators as the worst users of audio-visual aids and among the worst public speakers. Offers guidelines for the proper use of an overhead projector and the development of transparencies. (DMM)

Accuracy and efficiency of computer-aided anatomical analysis using 3D visualization software based on semi-automated and automated segmentations.

PubMed

An, Gao; Hong, Li; Zhou, Xiao-Bing; Yang, Qiong; Li, Mei-Qing; Tang, Xiang-Yang

2017-03-01

We investigated and compared the functionality of two 3D visualization software provided by a CT vendor and a third-party vendor, respectively. Using surgical anatomical measurement as baseline, we evaluated the accuracy of 3D visualization and verified their utility in computer-aided anatomical analysis. The study cohort consisted of 50 adult cadavers fixed with the classical formaldehyde method. The computer-aided anatomical analysis was based on CT images (in DICOM format) acquired by helical scan with contrast enhancement, using a CT vendor provided 3D visualization workstation (Syngo) and a third-party 3D visualization software (Mimics) that was installed on a PC. Automated and semi-automated segmentations were utilized in the 3D visualization workstation and software, respectively. The functionality and efficiency of automated and semi-automated segmentation methods were compared. Using surgical anatomical measurement as a baseline, the accuracy of 3D visualization based on automated and semi-automated segmentations was quantitatively compared. In semi-automated segmentation, the Mimics 3D visualization software outperformed the Syngo 3D visualization workstation. No significant difference was observed in anatomical data measurement by the Syngo 3D visualization workstation and the Mimics 3D visualization software (P>0.05). Both the Syngo 3D visualization workstation provided by a CT vendor and the Mimics 3D visualization software by a third-party vendor possessed the needed functionality, efficiency and accuracy for computer-aided anatomical analysis. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Senior Aids for Senior Readers; A Visual Aids Pamphlet for the Elderly.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Houston Public Library, TX.

A pamphlet on special aids for senior library users lists items available from the Houston Public Library. Magnifiers (some illuminated), bedspecs (prism glasses), book holders, large print telephone dials, and games suitable for the visually handicapped or bedridden are described. The library's collections of slides and films, both 8mm and 16mm,…

Clinical characteristics and causes of visual impairment in a low vision clinic in northern Jordan.

PubMed

Bakkar, May M; Alzghoul, Eman A; Haddad, Mera F

2018-01-01

The aim of the study was to identify causes of visual impairment among patients attending a low vision clinic in the north of Jordan and to study the relevant demographic characteristics of these patients. The retrospective study was conducted through a review of clinical records of 135 patients who attended a low vision clinic in Irbid. Clinical characteristics of the patients were collected, including age, gender, primary cause of low vision, best corrected visual acuity, and current prescribed low vision aids. Descriptive statistics analysis using numbers and percentages were calculated to summarize categorical and nominal data. A total of 135 patients (61 [45.2%] females and 74 [54.8%] males) were recruited in the study. Mean age ± standard deviation for the study population was 24.53 ± 16.245 years; age range was 5-90 years. Of the study population, 26 patients (19.3%) had mild visual impairment, 61 patients (45.2%) had moderate visual impairment, 27 patients (20.0%) had severe visual impairment, and 21 patients (15.6%) were blind. The leading causes of visual impairment across all age groups were albinism (31.9%) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) (18.5%). Albinism also accounted for the leading cause of visual impairment among the pediatric age group (0-15 years) while albinism, RP, and keratoconus were the primary causes of visual impairment for older patients. A total of 59 patients (43.7%) were given low vision aids either for near or distance. The only prescribed low vision aids for distances were telescopes. For near, spectacle-type low vision aid was the most commonly prescribed low vision aids. Low vision services in Jordan are still very limited. A national strategy programme to increase awareness of low vision services should be implemented, and health care policies should be enforced to cover low vision aids through the national medical insurance.

Clinical characteristics and causes of visual impairment in a low vision clinic in northern Jordan

PubMed Central

Bakkar, May M; Alzghoul, Eman A; Haddad, Mera F

2018-01-01

Aim The aim of the study was to identify causes of visual impairment among patients attending a low vision clinic in the north of Jordan and to study the relevant demographic characteristics of these patients. Subjects and methods The retrospective study was conducted through a review of clinical records of 135 patients who attended a low vision clinic in Irbid. Clinical characteristics of the patients were collected, including age, gender, primary cause of low vision, best corrected visual acuity, and current prescribed low vision aids. Descriptive statistics analysis using numbers and percentages were calculated to summarize categorical and nominal data. Results A total of 135 patients (61 [45.2%] females and 74 [54.8%] males) were recruited in the study. Mean age ± standard deviation for the study population was 24.53 ± 16.245 years; age range was 5–90 years. Of the study population, 26 patients (19.3%) had mild visual impairment, 61 patients (45.2%) had moderate visual impairment, 27 patients (20.0%) had severe visual impairment, and 21 patients (15.6%) were blind. The leading causes of visual impairment across all age groups were albinism (31.9%) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) (18.5%). Albinism also accounted for the leading cause of visual impairment among the pediatric age group (0–15 years) while albinism, RP, and keratoconus were the primary causes of visual impairment for older patients. A total of 59 patients (43.7%) were given low vision aids either for near or distance. The only prescribed low vision aids for distances were telescopes. For near, spectacle-type low vision aid was the most commonly prescribed low vision aids. Conclusion Low vision services in Jordan are still very limited. A national strategy programme to increase awareness of low vision services should be implemented, and health care policies should be enforced to cover low vision aids through the national medical insurance. PMID:29662299

Early Holocene hydroclimate of Baffin Bay: Understanding the interplay between abrupt climate change events and ice sheet fluctuations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Corcoran, M. C.; Thomas, E. K.; Castañeda, I. S.; Briner, J. P.

2017-12-01

Understanding the causes of ice sheet fluctuations resulting in sea level rise is essential in today's warming climate. In high-latitude ice-sheet-proximal environments such as Baffin Bay, studying both the cause and the rate of ice sheet variability during past abrupt climate change events aids in predictions. Past climate reconstructions are used to understand ice sheet responses to changes in temperature and precipitation. The 9,300 and 8,200 yr BP events are examples of abrupt climate change events in the Baffin Bay region during which there were multiple re-advances of the Greenland and Laurentide ice sheets. High-resolution (decadal-scale) hydroclimate variability near the ice sheet margins during these abrupt climate change events is still unknown. We will generate a decadal-scale record of early Holocene temperature and precipitation using leaf wax hydrogen isotopes, δ2Hwax, from a lake sediment archive on Baffin Island, western Baffin Bay, to better understand abrupt climate change in this region. Shifts in temperature and moisture source result in changes in environmental water δ2H, which in turn is reflected in δ2Hwax, allowing for past hydroclimate to be determined from these compound-specific isotopes. The combination of terrestrial and aquatic δ2Hwax is used to determine soil evaporation and is ultimately used to reconstruct moisture variability. We will compare our results with a previous analysis of δ2Hwax and branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers, a temperature and pH proxy, in lake sediment from western Greenland, eastern Baffin Bay, which indicates that cool and dry climate occurred in response to freshwater forcing events in the Labrador Sea. Reconstructing and comparing records on both the western and eastern sides of Baffin Bay during the early Holocene will allow for a spatial understanding of temperature and moisture balance changes during abrupt climate events, aiding in ice sheet modeling and predictions of future sea level rise.

Operator vision aids for space teleoperation assembly and servicing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brooks, Thurston L.; Ince, Ilhan; Lee, Greg

1992-01-01

This paper investigates concepts for visual operator aids required for effective telerobotic control. Operator visual aids, as defined here, mean any operational enhancement that improves man-machine control through the visual system. These concepts were derived as part of a study of vision issues for space teleoperation. Extensive literature on teleoperation, robotics, and human factors was surveyed to definitively specify appropriate requirements. This paper presents these visual aids in three general categories of camera/lighting functions, display enhancements, and operator cues. In the area of camera/lighting functions concepts are discussed for: (1) automatic end effector or task tracking; (2) novel camera designs; (3) computer-generated virtual camera views; (4) computer assisted camera/lighting placement; and (5) voice control. In the technology area of display aids, concepts are presented for: (1) zone displays, such as imminent collision or indexing limits; (2) predictive displays for temporal and spatial location; (3) stimulus-response reconciliation displays; (4) graphical display of depth cues such as 2-D symbolic depth, virtual views, and perspective depth; and (5) view enhancements through image processing and symbolic representations. Finally, operator visual cues (e.g., targets) that help identify size, distance, shape, orientation and location are discussed.

Maintenance of Airport Visual Aid Facilities

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-08-26

This advisory circular provides recommended guidelines for maintenance of : airport visual aid facilities. Since the function of such facilities is to : assist in the safe and efficient movement of aircraft during landing, takeoff, : and taxiing mane...

A Closed Circuit TV System for the Visually Handicapped and Prospects for Future Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Genensky, S. M.; And Others

Some visually handicapped persons have difficulty reading or writing even with the aid of eyeglasses, but could be helped by visual aids which increase image magnification, light intensity or brightness, or some combination of these factors. The system described here uses closed circuit television (CCTV) to provide variable magnification from 1.4x…

Virtual Earth System Laboratory (VESL): Effective Visualization of Earth System Data and Process Simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Quinn, J. D.; Larour, E. Y.; Cheng, D. L. C.; Halkides, D. J.

2016-12-01

The Virtual Earth System Laboratory (VESL) is a Web-based tool, under development at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and UC Irvine, for the visualization of Earth System data and process simulations. It contains features geared toward a range of applications, spanning research and outreach. It offers an intuitive user interface, in which model inputs are changed using sliders and other interactive components. Current capabilities include simulation of polar ice sheet responses to climate forcing, based on NASA's Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM). We believe that the visualization of data is most effective when tailored to the target audience, and that many of the best practices for modern Web design/development can be applied directly to the visualization of data: use of negative space, color schemes, typography, accessibility standards, tooltips, etc cetera. We present our prototype website, and invite input from potential users, including researchers, educators, and students.

ICAM (Integrated Computer Aided Manufacturing) Conceptual Design for Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. Volume 1. Project Overview and Technical Summary

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-06-29

sheet metal, machined and composite parts and assembling the components into final pruJucts o Planning, evaluating, testing, inspecting and...Research showed that current programs were pursuing the design and demonstration of integrated centers for sheet metal, machining and composite ...determine any metal parts required and to schedule these requirements from the machining center. Figure 3-33, Planned Composite Production, shows

A theory-informed approach to developing visually mediated interventions to change behaviour using an asthma and physical activity intervention exemplar.

PubMed

Murray, Jennifer; Williams, Brian; Hoskins, Gaylor; Skar, Silje; McGhee, John; Treweek, Shaun; Sniehotta, Falko F; Sheikh, Aziz; Brown, Gordon; Hagen, Suzanne; Cameron, Linda; Jones, Claire; Gauld, Dylan

2016-01-01

Visualisation techniques are used in a range of healthcare interventions. However, these frequently lack a coherent rationale or clear theoretical basis. This lack of definition and explicit targeting of the underlying mechanisms may impede the success of and evaluation of the intervention. We describe the theoretical development, deployment, and pilot evaluation, of a complex visually mediated behavioural intervention. The exemplar intervention focused on increasing physical activity among young people with asthma. We employed an explicit five-stage development model, which was actively supported by a consultative user group. The developmental stages involved establishing the theoretical basis, establishing a narrative structure, visual rendering, checking interpretation, and pilot testing. We conducted in-depth interviews and focus groups during early development and checking, followed by an online experiment for pilot testing. A total of 91 individuals, including young people with asthma, parents, teachers, and health professionals, were involved in development and testing. Our final intervention consisted of two components: (1) an interactive 3D computer animation to create intentions and (2) an action plan and volitional help sheet to promote the translation of intentions to behaviour. Theory was mediated throughout by visual and audio forms. The intervention was regarded as highly acceptable, engaging, and meaningful by all stakeholders. The perceived impact on asthma understanding and intentions was reported positively, with most individuals saying that the 3D computer animation had either clarified a range of issues or made them more real. Our five-stage model underpinned by extensive consultation worked well and is presented as a framework to support explicit decision-making for others developing theory informed visually mediated interventions. We have demonstrated the ability to develop theory-based visually mediated behavioural interventions. However, attention needs to be paid to the potential ambiguity associated with images and thus the concept of visual literacy among patients. Our revised model may be helpful as a guide to aid development, acceptability, and ultimately effectiveness.

Be the Volume: A Classroom Activity to Visualize Volume Estimation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mikhaylov, Jessica

2011-01-01

A hands-on activity can help multivariable calculus students visualize surfaces and understand volume estimation. This activity can be extended to include the concepts of Fubini's Theorem and the visualization of the curves resulting from cross-sections of the surface. This activity uses students as pillars and a sheet or tablecloth for the…

VESL: The Virtual Earth Sheet Laboratory for Ice Sheet Modeling and Visualization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, D. L. C.; Larour, E. Y.; Quinn, J. D.; Halkides, D. J.

2017-12-01

We present the Virtual Earth System Laboratory (VESL), a scientific modeling and visualization tool delivered through an integrated web portal. This allows for the dissemination of data, simulation of physical processes, and promotion of climate literacy. The current iteration leverages NASA's Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM), a state-of-the-art polar ice sheet dynamics model developed at the Jet Propulsion Lab and UC Irvine. We utilize the Emscripten source-to-source compiler to convert the C/C++ ISSM engine core to JavaScript, and bundled pre/post-processing JS scripts to be compatible with the existing ISSM Python/Matlab API. Researchers using VESL will be able to effectively present their work for public dissemination with little-to-no additional post-processing. Moreover, the portal allows for real time visualization and editing of models, cloud based computational simulation, and downloads of relevant data. This allows for faster publication in peer-reviewed journals and adaption of results for educational applications. Through application of this concept to multiple aspects of the Earth System, VESL is able to broaden data applications in the geosciences and beyond. At this stage, we still seek feedback from the greater scientific and public outreach communities regarding the ease of use and feature set of VESL. As we plan its expansion, we aim to achieve more rapid communication and presentation of scientific results.

Design and Evaluation of a Protocol to Assess Electronic Travel Aids for Persons Who Are Visually Impaired

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Havik, Else M.; Steyvers, Frank J. J. M.; van der Velde, Hanneke; Pinkster, J. Christiaan; Kooijman, Aart C.

2010-01-01

This study evaluated a protocol that was developed to assess how beneficial electronic travel aids are for persons who are visually impaired. Twenty persons with visual impairments used an electronic travel device (Trekker) for six weeks to conform to the protocol, which proved useful in identifying successful users of the device. (Contains 2…

Helping the Visually Impaired Student with Electronic Video Visual Aids.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Visualtek, Inc., Santa Monica, CA.

THE FOLLOWING IS THE FULL TEXT OF THIS DOCUMENT: Video visual aids are Closed Circuit TV systems (CCTV's) which magnify print and enlarge it electronically upon a screen so partially sighted persons with some residual vision can read and write normal size print. These devices are in use around the world in homes, schools, industries and libraries,…

Optoelectronic aid for patients with severely restricted visual fields in daylight conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peláez-Coca, María Dolores; Sobrado-Calvo, Paloma; Vargas-Martín, Fernando

2011-11-01

In this study we evaluated the immediate effectiveness of an optoelectronic visual field expander in a sample of subjects with retinitis pigmentosa suffering from a severe peripheral visual field restriction. The aid uses the augmented view concept and provides subjects with visual information from outside their visual field. The tests were carried out in daylight conditions. The optoelectronic aid comprises a FPGA (real-time video processor), a wide-angle mini camera and a transparent see-through head-mounted display. This optoelectronic aid is called SERBA (Sistema Electro-óptico Reconfigurable de Ayuda para Baja Visión). We previously showed that, without compromising residual vision, the SERBA system provides information about objects within an area about three times greater on average than the remaining visual field of the subjects [1]. In this paper we address the effects of the device on mobility under daylight conditions with and without SERBA. The participants were six subjects with retinitis pigmentosa. In this mobility test, better results were obtained when subjects were wearing the SERBA system; specifically, both the number of contacts with low-level obstacles and mobility errors decreased significantly. A longer training period with the device might improve its usefulness.

Graphs as a Visual Aid in English for Special Purposes. Lenguas para objetivos especificos (Languages for Special Purposes), No. 5.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stark, Merritt W.; Stark, Kathleen LaPiana

Visual aids have been developed to strengthen non-English speaking students' ability to speak and write English effectively in their subject areas. Among these aids, graphs have been valuable for economics students because they readily illustrate the nature of the relationship between two sets of numbers. Frequently, the ability to analyze graphs…

Comparison of three aids for teaching lumbar surgical anatomy.

PubMed

Das, S; Mitchell, P

2013-08-01

Reduced surgeons' training time has resulted in a need to increase the speed of learning. Currently, anatomy education involves traditional (textbooks, physical models, cadaveric dissection/prosection) and recent (electronic) techniques. As yet there are no available data comparing their performance. The performance of three anatomical training aids at teaching the surgical anatomy of the lumbar spinal was compared. The aids used were paper-based images, a three-dimensional plastic model and a semitransparent computer model. Fifty one study subjects were recruited from a population of junior doctors, nurses, medical and nursing students. Three study groups were created which differed in the order of presenting the aids. For each subject, spinal anatomy was revised by the investigator, teaching them the anatomy using each aid. They were specifically taught the locations of the intervertebral disc, pedicles and nerve roots in the lateral recesses. They then drew these structures on a response sheet (three response sheets per subject). The computer model was the best at allowing subjects accurately to determine structure location followed by the paper-based images, the plastic model was the worst. Accuracy improved with successive models used but this trend was not significant. Subjects were not versed in spinal anatomy beforehand, so meaningful baseline measures were not available. The educational performance of surgical anatomical training aids can be measured and compared. A computer generated 3 dimensional model gave the best results with paper-based images second and the plastic model third.

Visual-spatial cognition in children using aided communication.

PubMed

Stadskleiv, Kristine; Batorowicz, Beata; Massaro, Munique; van Balkom, Hans; von Tetzchner, Stephen

2018-03-01

Children with severe motor impairments are restricted in their manipulation and exploration of objects, but little is known about how such limitations influence cognitive development. This study investigated visual-constructional abilities in 75 children and adolescents, aged 5;0-15;11 (years;months), with severe speech impairments and no intellectual disabilities (aided group) and in 56 children and adolescents with typical development (reference group). Verbal comprehension, non-verbal reasoning, and visual-spatial perception were assessed with standardized tests. The task of the participants was to verbally instruct communication partners to make physical constructions identical to models that the partner could not see. In the aided group, 55.7% of the constructions were identical to the models participants described, compared to 91.3% in the reference group. In the aided group, test results explained 51.4% of the variance in construction errors. The results indicate that the participants' language skills were decisive for construction success. Visual-perceptual challenges were common among the aided communicators, and their instructions included little information about size and spatial relations. This may reflect less experience with object manipulation and construction than children with typical development, and using aided communication to instruct others to make three-dimensional constructions. The results imply a need for interventions that compensate for the lack of relevant experience.

Fatigue with HIV/AIDS

MedlinePlus

... or injections can restore hormone levels to normal. Depression (see fact sheet 558). This is more than ... daily activities. There is no blood test for depression. The chances that you are depressed are higher ...

Ojibwe lesbian visual AIDS: On the Red Road with Carole laFavor, Her Giveaway (1988), and Native LGBTQ2 film history.

PubMed

Estrada, Gabriel

2016-01-01

After a century of suppression across the Silent, Classic, and New Hollywood eras, Native Lesbian/Gay media began to proliferate in the post-AIDS 1980s and into the second millennium. Her Giveaway: A Spiritual Journey with AIDS (1988) is a key tribal health AIDS video that exemplified a new contemporary media combination of visual, erotic, and theological sovereignty. The video's central Red Road narrative by the lesbian, Ojibwe, and AIDS/HIV+ spokesperson Carole laFavor emphasizes Native American traditional healing methods involving the medicine wheel and a reclamation of Native lesbian/gay identity.

Controllable curvature from planar polymer sheets in response to light.

PubMed

Hubbard, Amber M; Mailen, Russell W; Zikry, Mohammed A; Dickey, Michael D; Genzer, Jan

2017-03-22

The ability to change shape and control curvature in 3D structures starting from planar sheets can aid in assembly and add functionality to an object. Herein, we convert planar sheets of shape memory polymers (SMPs) into 3D objects with controllable curvature by dictating where the sheets shrink. Ink patterned on the surface of the sheet absorbs infrared (IR) light, resulting in localized heating, and the material shrinks locally wherever the temperature exceeds the activation temperature, T a . We introduce two different mechanisms for controlling curvature within SMP sheets. The 'direct' mechanism uses localized shrinkage to induce curvature only in regions patterned with ink. The 'indirect' mechanism uses localized shrinkage in regions patterned with ink to induce curvature in neighboring regions without ink through a balance of internal stresses. Finite element analysis predicts the final shape of the polymer sheets with excellent qualitative agreement with experimental studies. Results from this study show that curvature can be controlled by the distribution and darkness of the ink pattern on the polymer sheet. Additionally, we utilize the direct and indirect curvature mechanisms to demonstrate the formation and actuation of gripper devices, which represent the potential utility of this approach.

MATRIS Indexing and Retrieval Thesaurus (MIRT): Keyword Out of Context (KWOC)

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-08-01

ESTEEM Self ESTEEM ... esteem Fiqcq SELF -ASSESSMENT SELF -ASSESSMENT Geqc SELF -ASSESSMENT tests Vqq SELF -PACED SELF -PACED instruction Ehga I SELF -STUDY SELF -STUDY aids Elm...AIDS Mh Self -study AIDS Elm Skill development AIDS Elk Retrieval AIDS Yc Visual AIDS Yg Training AIDS / materials effectiveness Ewkm Training

46 CFR 108.241 - Visual aids.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Construction and Arrangement Helicopter Facilities § 108.241 Visual aids. (a) Each helicopter deck must— (1) Have a wind direction indicator located in an unobstructed area readily visible to helicopter pilots... considering deck configuration, helicopter type, and operational requirements. (b) All markings must be in a...

46 CFR 108.241 - Visual aids.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Construction and Arrangement Helicopter Facilities § 108.241 Visual aids. (a) Each helicopter deck must— (1) Have a wind direction indicator located in an unobstructed area readily visible to helicopter pilots... considering deck configuration, helicopter type, and operational requirements. (b) All markings must be in a...

46 CFR 108.241 - Visual aids.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Construction and Arrangement Helicopter Facilities § 108.241 Visual aids. (a) Each helicopter deck must— (1) Have a wind direction indicator located in an unobstructed area readily visible to helicopter pilots... considering deck configuration, helicopter type, and operational requirements. (b) All markings must be in a...

46 CFR 108.241 - Visual aids.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Construction and Arrangement Helicopter Facilities § 108.241 Visual aids. (a) Each helicopter deck must— (1) Have a wind direction indicator located in an unobstructed area readily visible to helicopter pilots... considering deck configuration, helicopter type, and operational requirements. (b) All markings must be in a...

46 CFR 108.241 - Visual aids.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Construction and Arrangement Helicopter Facilities § 108.241 Visual aids. (a) Each helicopter deck must— (1) Have a wind direction indicator located in an unobstructed area readily visible to helicopter pilots... considering deck configuration, helicopter type, and operational requirements. (b) All markings must be in a...

HIV Medicines and Side Effects

MedlinePlus

... Apps skip to content Side Effects of HIV Medicines Home Understanding HIV/AIDS Fact Sheets HIV Medicines ... p.m. ET) Send us an email HIV Medicines and Side Effects Last Reviewed: October 9, 2017 ...

Visual and computer software-aided estimates of Dupuytren's contractures: correlation with clinical goniometric measurements.

PubMed

Smith, R P; Dias, J J; Ullah, A; Bhowal, B

2009-05-01

Corrective surgery for Dupuytren's disease represents a significant proportion of a hand surgeon's workload. The decision to go ahead with surgery and the success of surgery requires measuring the degree of contracture of the diseased finger(s). This is performed in clinic with a goniometer, pre- and postoperatively. Monitoring the recurrence of the contracture can inform on surgical outcome, research and audit. We compared visual and computer software-aided estimation of Dupuytren's contractures to clinical goniometric measurements in 60 patients with Dupuytren's disease. Patients' hands were digitally photographed. There were 76 contracted finger joints--70 proximal interphalangeal joints and six distal interphalangeal joints. The degrees of contracture of these images were visually assessed by six orthopaedic staff of differing seniority and re-assessed with computer software. Across assessors, the Pearson correlation between the goniometric measurements and the visual estimations was 0.83 and this significantly improved to 0.88 with computer software. Reliability with intra-class correlations achieved 0.78 and 0.92 for the visual and computer-aided estimations, respectively, and with test-retest analysis, 0.92 for visual estimation and 0.95 for computer-aided measurements. Visual estimations of Dupuytren's contractures correlate well with actual clinical goniometric measurements and improve further if measured with computer software. Digital images permit monitoring of contracture after surgery and may facilitate research into disease progression and auditing of surgical technique.

Exploratory flow visualization investigation of mast-mounted sights in presence of a rotor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ghee, Terence A.; Kelley, Henry L.

1995-01-01

A flow visualization investigation with a laser light sheet system was conducted on a 27-percent-scale AH-64 attack helicopter model fitted with two mast-mounted sights in the langley 14- by 22-foot subsonic tunnel. The investigation was conducted to identify aerodynamic phenomena that may have contributed to adverse vibration encountered during full-scale flight of the AH-64D apache/longbow helicopter with an asymmetric mast-mounted sight. Symmetric and asymmetric mast-mounted sights oriented at several skew angles were tested at simulated forward and rearward flight speeds of 30 and 45 knots. A laser light sheet system was used to visualize the flow in planes parallel to and perpendicular to the free-stream flow. Analysis of these flow visualization data identified frequencies of flow patterns in the wake shed from the sight, the streamline angle at the sight, and the location where the shed wake crossed the rotor plane. Differences in wake structure were observed between the sight configurations and various skew angles. Analysis of lateral light sheet plane data implied significant vortex structure in the wake of the asymmetric mast-mounted sight in the configuration that produced maximum in-flight vibration. The data showed no significant vortex structure in the wake of the asymmetric and symmetric configurations that produced no increase in in-flight adverse vibration.

The Influence of a Response Format Test Accommodation for College Students with and without Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Potter, Kyle; Lewandowski, Lawrence; Spenceley, Laura

2016-01-01

Standardised and other multiple-choice examinations often require the use of an answer sheet with fill-in bubbles (i.e. "bubble" or Scantron sheet). Students with disabilities causing impairments in attention, learning and/or visual-motor skill may have difficulties with multiple-choice examinations that employ such a response style.…

Secured Transactions: An Integrated Classroom Approach Using Financial Statements and Acronyms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seganish, W. Michael

2005-01-01

Students struggle with the subject of secured transactions under the Uniform Commercial Code. In this article, the author presents a method that uses balance-sheet information to help students visualize the difference between secured and unsecured creditors. The balance sheet is also used in the Uniform Commercial Code process, in which one must…

Helping blind and partially sighted people to read: the effectiveness of low vision aids

PubMed Central

Margrain, T.

2000-01-01

AIMS—To substantiate the claim that low vision aids reduce the degree of disability associated with visual impairment.
METHODS—An observational study of vision, ocular pathology, age, sex, and reading ability in new referrals to a low vision clinic. Reading ability was assessed both with the patients' own spectacles and with an appropriate low vision aid.
RESULTS—The reading performance and biographical characteristics of new referrals to a low vision clinic were recorded. Data were collected for 168 people over a 6 month period. Upon arrival at the clinic the mean functional visual acuity equated to 6/36 and 77% of patients were unable to read newsprint (N8). After a low vision assessment and provision of a suitable low vision aid 88% of new patients were able to read N8 or smaller text.
CONCLUSIONS—The degree of visual impairment observed in new referrals to a low vision clinic is sufficient to prevent the majority from performing many daily tasks. Low vision aids are an effective means of providing visual rehabilitation, helping almost nine out of 10 patients with impaired vision to read.

 PMID:10906105

Cenozoic Antarctic DiatomWare/BugCam: An aid for research and teaching

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wise, S.W.; Olney, M.; Covington, J.M.; Egerton, V.M.; Jiang, S.; Ramdeen, D.K.; ,; Schrader, H.; Sims, P.A.; Wood, A.S.; Davis, A.; Davenport, D.R.; Doepler, N.; Falcon, W.; Lopez, C.; Pressley, T.; Swedberg, O.L.; Harwood, D.M.

2007-01-01

Cenozoic Antarctic DiatomWare/BugCam© is an interactive, icon-driven digital-image database/software package that displays over 500 illustrated Cenozoic Antarctic diatom taxa along with original descriptions (including over 100 generic and 20 family-group descriptions). This digital catalog is designed primarily for use by micropaleontologists working in the field (at sea or on the Antarctic continent) where hard-copy literature resources are limited. This new package will also be useful for classroom/lab teaching as well as for any paleontologists making or refining taxonomic identifications at the microscope. The database (Cenozoic Antarctic DiatomWare) is displayed via a custom software program (BugCam) written in Visual Basic for use on PCs running Windows 95 or later operating systems. BugCam is a flexible image display program that utilizes an intuitive thumbnail “tree” structure for navigation through the database. The data are stored on Micrsosoft EXCEL spread sheets, hence no separate relational database program is necessary to run the package

High resolution light-sheet based high-throughput imaging cytometry system enables visualization of intra-cellular organelles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Regmi, Raju; Mohan, Kavya; Mondal, Partha Pratim

2014-09-01

Visualization of intracellular organelles is achieved using a newly developed high throughput imaging cytometry system. This system interrogates the microfluidic channel using a sheet of light rather than the existing point-based scanning techniques. The advantages of the developed system are many, including, single-shot scanning of specimens flowing through the microfluidic channel at flow rate ranging from micro- to nano- lit./min. Moreover, this opens-up in-vivo imaging of sub-cellular structures and simultaneous cell counting in an imaging cytometry system. We recorded a maximum count of 2400 cells/min at a flow-rate of 700 nl/min, and simultaneous visualization of fluorescently-labeled mitochondrial network in HeLa cells during flow. The developed imaging cytometry system may find immediate application in biotechnology, fluorescence microscopy and nano-medicine.

HIV/AIDS Clinical Trials Fact Sheet

MedlinePlus

... professionals. Often the medicines and medical care are free of charge. Sometimes people get paid for participating in a clinical trial. For example, they may receive money or a gift card. They may be reimbursed ...

How to Find HIV Treatment Services

MedlinePlus

... Clinical Trials Apps skip to content Living with HIV Home Understanding HIV/AIDS Fact Sheets How to ... ET) Send us an email How to Find HIV Treatment Services Last Reviewed: December 6, 2017 Key ...

Use of photography to support the learning process of science teachers of ninth through twelfth grades in the schools of Kuwait

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alenizi, Abdulaziz

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relevance of teachers in Kuwait when utilizing photographic aids in the classroom. Specifically, this study assessed learning outcomes of teachers amongst high school students in schools at Kuwait. The learning outcomes were then compared with teachers who are barred from using photographic aids. The research utilized a descriptive quantitative research design. The number of participants was limited to an acceptable number in the range of 250--300. Data were collected through a questionnaire and analyses were conducted using various types of statistical designs for interpretation, specifically Spearman correlation analysis. The study revealed that visual media such as images and photographs made it easy for the students to understand the concepts of science subjects, specifically biology, physics, and chemistry. Visual media should be included in the curriculum to enhance the comprehension level of students. The government of Kuwaiti, therefore, should to encourage the use of visual aids in schools to enhance learning. The research did not indicate a capacity of skills students and teachers can employ effectively when using visual aids. There also remains a gap between possessing the skills and applying them in the school. Benefits associated with visuals aids in teaching are evident in the study. With the adoption of audio-visual methods of learning, students are presented with opportunities to develop their own ideas and opinions, thus boosting their own interpersonal skills while at the same time questioning the authenticity and relevance of the concepts at hand. The major merit of audio-visual platforms in classroom learning is they cause students to break complex science concepts into finer components that can be easily understood.

Physically-based in silico light sheet microscopy for visualizing fluorescent brain models

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Background We present a physically-based computational model of the light sheet fluorescence microscope (LSFM). Based on Monte Carlo ray tracing and geometric optics, our method simulates the operational aspects and image formation process of the LSFM. This simulated, in silico LSFM creates synthetic images of digital fluorescent specimens that can resemble those generated by a real LSFM, as opposed to established visualization methods producing visually-plausible images. We also propose an accurate fluorescence rendering model which takes into account the intrinsic characteristics of fluorescent dyes to simulate the light interaction with fluorescent biological specimen. Results We demonstrate first results of our visualization pipeline to a simplified brain tissue model reconstructed from the somatosensory cortex of a young rat. The modeling aspects of the LSFM units are qualitatively analysed, and the results of the fluorescence model were quantitatively validated against the fluorescence brightness equation and characteristic emission spectra of different fluorescent dyes. AMS subject classification Modelling and simulation PMID:26329404

Audio aided electro-tactile perception training for finger posture biofeedback.

PubMed

Vargas, Jose Gonzalez; Yu, Wenwei

2008-01-01

Visual information is one of the prerequisites for most biofeedback studies. The aim of this study is to explore how the usage of an audio aided training helps in the learning process of dynamical electro-tactile perception without any visual feedback. In this research, the electrical simulation patterns associated with the experimenter's finger postures and motions were presented to the subjects. Along with the electrical stimulation patterns 2 different types of information, verbal and audio information on finger postures and motions, were presented to the verbal training subject group (group 1) and audio training subject group (group 2), respectively. The results showed an improvement in the ability to distinguish and memorize electrical stimulation patterns correspondent to finger postures and motions without visual feedback, and with audio tones aid, the learning was faster and the perception became more precise after training. Thus, this study clarified that, as a substitution to visual presentation, auditory information could help effectively in the formation of electro-tactile perception. Further research effort needed to make clear the difference between the visual guided and audio aided training in terms of information compilation, post-training effect and robustness of the perception.

A Retrospective Study of Causes of Low Vision in Saud Arabia, A Case of Eye World Medical Complex in Riyadh.

PubMed

Z Alotaibi, Abdullah

2015-10-20

Vision is the ability of seeing with a definite understanding of features, color and contrast, and to distinguish between objects visually. In the year 1999, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness formulated a worldwide project for the eradication of preventable loss of sight with the subject of "Vision 2020: the Right to Sight". This global program aims to eradicate preventable loss of sight by the year 2020. This study was conducted to determine the main causes of low vision in Saudi Arabia and also to assess their visual improvement after using low vision aids (LVD).The study is a retrospective study and was conducted in low vision clinic at Eye World Medical Complex in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The file medical record of 280 patients attending low vision clinics from February 2008 to June 2010 was included. A data sheet was filled which include: age, gender, cause of low vision, unassisted visual acuity for long distances and short distances, low vision devices needed for long distances and short distances that provides best visual acuity. The result shows that the main cause of low vision was Optic atrophy (28.9%). Retinitis pigmentosa was the second cause of low vision, accounting for 73 patients (26%) followed by Diabetic retinopathy and Macular degeneration with 44 patients (15.7%) and 16 patients (5.7%) respectively. Inter family marriage could be one of the main causes of low vision. Public awareness should be embarked on for enlightenment on ocular diseases result in consanguineous marriage. Also, it is an important issue to start establishing low vision clinics in order to improve the situation.

Structure and function of embryonic rat retinal sheet transplants.

PubMed

Peng, Qing; Thomas, Biju B; Aramant, Robert B; Chen, Zhenhai; Sadda, Srinivas R; Seiler, Magdalene J

2007-09-01

To evaluate retinal sheet transplants in S334ter-line-3 retinal degenerate rats by comparing visual responses recorded electrophysiologically with morphology based on light and electron microscopy. S334ter-line-3 retinal degenerate rats (n = 7) received retinal sheet transplants between postnatal days 28 and 31. The donor tissue was derived from transgenic embryonic day 19 (E19) rat retinae expressing human placental alkaline phosphatase (hPAP). Fresh retinal sheets were gently transplanted into the subretinal space of the left eye with the help of a custom-made implantation tool. Selected rats (n = 5) were subjected to electrophysiologic evaluation of visual responses from the superior colliculus about 84-121 days after surgery. Transplanted eyes were processed for light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM) evaluations. All the transplanted rats that were evaluated for visual responses in the brain showed responses to very low light stimulation (-3.42 to -2.8 log cd/m(2)) of the eye in a small area of the superior colliculus corresponding with the placement of the transplant in the host retina. Histologic evaluation showed that most of the transplants contained well-laminated areas with correct polarity in the subretinal space. Inside the transplant areas, rosettes of photoreceptors with inner and outer segments were found. In the laminated areas, the outer segments of photoreceptors were facing the host retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Immunohistochemical evaluation of hPAP donor cells revealed areas with specific staining of the transplants in the subretinal space. Electron microscopic evaluation showed a glial demarcation membrane between the host and the transplant, however, processes originating from the transplant were observed inside the host retina. Sheets of E19 rat retina transplanted into the subretinal space of S334ter-line-3 rats survived without immune rejection and continued to show visual function when tested after 3 months. Well-developed photoreceptors and many synapse types were seen within the transplants. hPAP staining showed a certain degree of integration between the host retina and the transplant suggesting that transplanted photoreceptors contributed to the restored light sensitivity.

Handbook of Format Models for Designers of Technical Training Materials.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-08-01

extended to Raloh Rotzer of the Naval Technical Training Center, Corry Station, Florida, and to CTM2 Pamela Tornow , formerly of that training center...sheets supporting the AN/USM-425(V)1 oscilloscope training (Rotzer and Tornow , 1982). Excerpts from the job sheets are presented in the appendix. Results...Procedure Training Aid for the Learning of Initial Control S for the AQS-13E SonarTn the1-3H Aircraft. IPublished inT , ’BM Rotzer, R. and Tornow , P

VESL: The Virtual Earth Sheet Laboratory for Ice Sheet Modeling and Visualization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, D. L. C.; Larour, E. Y.; Quinn, J. D.; Halkides, D. J.

2016-12-01

We introduce the Virtual Earth System Laboratory (VESL), a scientific modeling and visualization tool delivered through an integrated web portal for dissemination of data, simulation of physical processes, and promotion of climate literacy. The current prototype leverages NASA's Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM), a state-of-the-art polar ice sheet dynamics model developed at the Jet Propulsion Lab and UC Irvine. We utilize the Emscripten source-to-source compiler to convert the C/C++ ISSM engine core to JavaScript, and bundled pre/post-processing JS scripts to be compatible with the existing ISSM Python/Matlab API. Researchers using VESL will be able to effectively present their work for public dissemination with little-to-no additional post-processing. This will allow for faster publication in peer-reviewed journals and adaption of results for educational applications. Through future application of this concept to multiple aspects of the Earth System, VESL has the potential to broaden data applications in the geosciences and beyond. At this stage, we seek feedback from the greater scientific and public outreach communities regarding the ease of use and feature set of VESL, as we plan its expansion, and aim to achieve more rapid communication and presentation of scientific results.

Survey of Low Vision among Students Attending Schools for the Blind in Nigeria: A Descriptive and Interventional Study

PubMed Central

Mosuro, Adedamola L.; Ajaiyeoba, Ayotunde I.; Bekibele, Charles O.; Eniola, Michael S.; Adedokun, Babatunde A.

2012-01-01

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of low vision among students attending all the schools for the blind in Oyo State, Nigeria. The study set out to determine the proportion of students with low vision/severe visual impairment after best correction, to determine the causes of the low vision, to document the associated pathologies, to determine the types of treatment and visual aid devices required, and to provide the visual aids needed to the students in the schools. Materials and Methods: All schools students for the blind in Oyo State were evaluated between August 2007 and January 2008. All the students underwent a thorough ophthalmic examination that included measurement of visual acuity, retinoscopy and subjective refraction, tests for visual aids where indicated, and a structured questionnaire was administered. Results: A total of 86 students were included in the study and the mean age was 19.4 ± 8.19 years. Twenty six (30%) were under 16 years of age. The most common cause of blindness was bilateral measles keratopathy/vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in 25 students (29.1%). The most common site affected was the cornea in 25 students (29.1%), the lens in 23 (26.7%), and the retina/optic nerve in 16 (18.6%). Preventable blindness was mainly from measles keratopathy/VAD (29.1%). Eleven students benefited from refraction and correction with visual aids; two having severe visual impairment (SVI), and nine having visual impairment (VI) after correction. Conclusion: The prevalence of low vision in the schools for the blind in Oyo State is 2.3%, while the prevalence of visual impairment is 10.5%. These results suggest that preventable and treatable ocular conditions are the source of significant childhood blindness in Oyo State. PMID:23248540

Survey of low vision among students attending schools for the blind in Nigeria: a descriptive and interventional study.

PubMed

Mosuro, Adedamola L; Ajaiyeoba, Ayotunde I; Bekibele, Charles O; Eniola, Michael S; Adedokun, Babatunde A

2012-10-01

The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of low vision among students attending all the schools for the blind in Oyo State, Nigeria. The study set out to determine the proportion of students with low vision/severe visual impairment after best correction, to determine the causes of the low vision, to document the associated pathologies, to determine the types of treatment and visual aid devices required, and to provide the visual aids needed to the students in the schools. All schools students for the blind in Oyo State were evaluated between August 2007 and January 2008. All the students underwent a thorough ophthalmic examination that included measurement of visual acuity, retinoscopy and subjective refraction, tests for visual aids where indicated, and a structured questionnaire was administered. A total of 86 students were included in the study and the mean age was 19.4 ± 8.19 years. Twenty six (30%) were under 16 years of age. The most common cause of blindness was bilateral measles keratopathy/vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in 25 students (29.1%). The most common site affected was the cornea in 25 students (29.1%), the lens in 23 (26.7%), and the retina/optic nerve in 16 (18.6%). Preventable blindness was mainly from measles keratopathy/VAD (29.1%). Eleven students benefited from refraction and correction with visual aids; two having severe visual impairment (SVI), and nine having visual impairment (VI) after correction. The prevalence of low vision in the schools for the blind in Oyo State is 2.3%, while the prevalence of visual impairment is 10.5%. These results suggest that preventable and treatable ocular conditions are the source of significant childhood blindness in Oyo State.

Thermo-electric modular structure and method of making same

DOEpatents

Freedman, N.S.; Horsting, C.W.; Lawrence, W.F.; Carrona, J.J.

1974-01-29

A method is presented for making a thermoelectric module wtth the aid of an insulating wafer having opposite metallized surfaces, a pair of similar equalizing sheets of metal, a hot-junction strap of metal, a thermoelectric element having hot- and cold-junction surfaces, and a radiator sheet of metal. The method comprises the following steps: brazing said equalizer sheets to said opposite metallized surfaces, respectively, of said insulating wafer with pure copper in a non-oxidizing ambient; brazing one surface of said hot-junction strap to one of the surfaces of said equalizing sheet with a nickel-gold alloy in a non- oxidizing ambient; and diffusion bonding said hot-junction surface of said thermoelectric element to the other surface of said hot-junction strap and said radiator sheet to said cold-junction surface of said thermoelectric element, said diffusion bonding being carried out in a non-oxidizing ambient, under compressive loading, at a temperature of about 550 deg C., and for about one-half hour. (Official Gazette)

Toxic Substances: Information on Costs and Financial Aid to Schools To Control Asbestos. Fact Sheet for the Honorable John J. La Falce, House of Representatives.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

General Accounting Office, Washington, DC. Resources, Community, and Economic Development Div.

Information on the costs of and financial aid available to schools for asbestos abatement is provided in this report. Data are based on interviews with officials from 15 school districts in 5 states--Illinois, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. Section 1 provides background on the use of asbestos in buildings, health problems, federal…

Efficacy of Low Vision Services for Visually Impaired Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hofstetter, H. W.

1991-01-01

Low vision children (ages 4-19, n=137) were screened, and 77 percent were advised to have comprehensive clinical evaluations or ophthalmology services. The visual capability of the referred children was determined, low vision aids were prescribed for 56 children, and the degree of successful utilization of aids was evaluated. (JDD)

The Film as Visual Aided Learning Tool in Classroom Management Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Altinay Gazi, Zehra; Altinay Aksal, Fahriye

2011-01-01

This research aims to investigate the impact of the visual aided learning on pre-service teachers' co-construction of subject matter knowledge in teaching practice. The study revealed the examination of film as an active cognizing and learning tool in classroom management course within teacher education programme. Within the framework of action…

APPLICATION OF COMPUTER-AIDED TOMOGRAPHY TO VISUALIZE AND QUANTIFY BIOGENIC STRUCTURES IN MARINE SEDIMENTS

EPA Science Inventory

We used computer-aided tomography (CT) for 3D visualization and 2D analysis of

marine sediment cores from 3 stations (at 10, 75 and 118 m depths) with different environmental

impact. Biogenic structures such as tubes and burrows were quantified and compared among st...

Inventory of Electronic Mobility Aids for Persons with Visual Impairments: A Literature Review

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roentgen, Uta R.; Gelderblom, Gert Jan; Soede, Mathijs; de Witte, Luc P.

2008-01-01

This literature review of existing electronic mobility aids for persons who are visually impaired and recent developments in this field identified and classified 146 products, systems, and devices. The 21 that are currently available that can be used without environmental adaptation are described in functional terms. (Contains 2 tables.)

Visualization of Motor Axon Navigation and Quantification of Axon Arborization In Mouse Embryos Using Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy.

PubMed

Liau, Ee Shan; Yen, Ya-Ping; Chen, Jun-An

2018-05-11

Spinal motor neurons (MNs) extend their axons to communicate with their innervating targets, thereby controlling movement and complex tasks in vertebrates. Thus, it is critical to uncover the molecular mechanisms of how motor axons navigate to, arborize, and innervate their peripheral muscle targets during development and degeneration. Although transgenic Hb9::GFP mouse lines have long served to visualize motor axon trajectories during embryonic development, detailed descriptions of the full spectrum of axon terminal arborization remain incomplete due to the pattern complexity and limitations of current optical microscopy. Here, we describe an improved protocol that combines light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) and robust image analysis to qualitatively and quantitatively visualize developing motor axons. This system can be easily adopted to cross genetic mutants or MN disease models with Hb9::GFP lines, revealing novel molecular mechanisms that lead to defects in motor axon navigation and arborization.

Effectiveness of touch and feel (TAF) technique on first aid measures for visually challenged.

PubMed

Mary, Helen; Sasikalaz, D; Venkatesan, Latha

2013-01-01

There is a common perception that a blind person cannot even help his own self. In order to challenge that view, a workshop for visually-impaired people to develop the skills to be independent and productive members of society was conceived. An experimental study was conducted at National Institute of Visually Handicapped, Chennai with the objective to assess the effectiveness of Touch and Feel (TAF) technique on first aid measures for the visually challenged. Total 25 visually challenged people were selected by non-probability purposive sampling technique and data was collected using demographic variable and structured knowledge questionnaire. The score obtained was categorised into three levels: inadequate (0-8), moderately adequate (8 - 17), adequate (17 -25). The study revealed that most of the visually challenged (40%) had inadequate knowledge, and 56 percent had moderately adequate and only few (4%) had adequate knowledge in the pre-test, whereas most (68%) of them had adequate knowledge in the post-test which is statistically significant at p < 0.000 with t-value 6.779. This proves that TAF technique was effective for the visually challenged. There was no association between the demographic variables and their level of knowledge regarding first aid.

Evaluation of a method for heat transfer measurements and thermal visualization using a composite of a heater element and liquid crystals. [thermal performance of turbine blade cooling configurations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hippensteele, S. A.; Russell, L. M.; Stepka, F. S.

1981-01-01

Commercially available elements of a composite consisting of a plastic sheet coated with liquid crystal, another sheet with a thin layer of a conducting material (gold or carbon), and copper bus bar strips were evaluated and found to provide a simple, convenient, accurate, and low-cost measuring device for use in heat transfer research. The particular feature of the composite is its ability to obtain local heat transfer coefficients and isotherm patterns that provide visual evaluation of the thermal performances of turbine blade cooling configurations. Examples of the use of the composite are presented.

Diagnostic performance of an automated analysis software for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s dementia with 18F FDG PET

PubMed Central

Partovi, Sasan; Yuh, Roger; Pirozzi, Sara; Lu, Ziang; Couturier, Spencer; Grosse, Ulrich; Schluchter, Mark D; Nelson, Aaron; Jones, Robert; O’Donnell, James K; Faulhaber, Peter

2017-01-01

The objective of this study was to assess the ability of a quantitative software-aided approach to improve the diagnostic accuracy of 18F FDG PET for Alzheimer’s dementia over visual analysis alone. Twenty normal subjects (M:F-12:8; mean age 80.6 years) and twenty mild AD subjects (M:F-12:8; mean age 70.6 years) with 18F FDG PET scans were obtained from the ADNI database. Three blinded readers interpreted these PET images first using a visual qualitative approach and then using a quantitative software-aided approach. Images were classified on two five-point scales based on normal/abnormal (1-definitely normal; 5-definitely abnormal) and presence of AD (1-definitely not AD; 5-definitely AD). Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for both approaches were compared based on the aforementioned scales. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the normal vs. abnormal readings of all readers combined were higher when comparing the software-aided vs. visual approach (sensitivity 0.93 vs. 0.83 P = 0.0466; specificity 0.85 vs. 0.60 P = 0.0005; accuracy 0.89 vs. 0.72 P<0.0001). The specificity and accuracy for absence vs. presence of AD of all readers combined were higher when comparing the software-aided vs. visual approach (specificity 0.90 vs. 0.70 P = 0.0008; accuracy 0.81 vs. 0.72 P = 0.0356). Sensitivities of the software-aided and visual approaches did not differ significantly (0.72 vs. 0.73 P = 0.74). The quantitative software-aided approach appears to improve the performance of 18F FDG PET for the diagnosis of mild AD. It may be helpful for experienced 18F FDG PET readers analyzing challenging cases. PMID:28123864

Vision Function in HIV-infected Individuals without Retinitis; Report of the Studies of Ocular Complications of AIDS Research Group

PubMed Central

Freeman, William R.; Van Natta, Mark L.; Jabs, Douglas; Sample, Pamela A.; Sadun, Alfredo A.; Thorne, Jennifer; Shah, Kayur H.; Holland, Gary N.

2008-01-01

Purpose To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for vision loss in patients with clinical or immunologic AIDS without infectious retinitis. Design A prospective multicentered cohort study of patients with AIDS. Methods 1,351 patients (2,671 eyes) at 19 clinical trials centers diagnosed with AIDS but without major ocular complications of HIV. Standardized measurements of visual acuity, automated perimetry, and contrast sensitivity were analyzed and correlated with measurements of patients’ health and medical data relating to HIV infection. We evaluated correlations between vision function testing and HIV-related risk factors and medical testing. Results There were significant (p<0.05) associations between measures of decreasing vision function and indices of increasing disease severity including Karnofsky score and hemoglobin. A significant relationship was seen between low contrast sensitivity and decreasing levels of CD4+ T-cell count. Three percent of eyes had a visual acuity worse than 20/40 Snellen equivalents, which was significantly associated with a history of opportunistic infections and low Karnofsky score. When compared to external groups with normal vision, 39% of eyes had abnormal mean deviation on automated perimetry, 33% had abnormal pattern standard deviation, and 12% of eyes had low contrast sensitivity. Conclusions This study confirms that visual dysfunction is common in patients with AIDS but without retinitis. The most prevalent visual dysfunction is loss of visual field; nearly 40% of patients have some abnormal visual field. There is an association between general disease severity and less access to care and vision loss. The pathophysiology of this vision loss is unknown but is consistent with retinovascular disease or optic nerve disease. PMID:18191094

Learning Reverse Engineering and Simulation with Design Visualization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hemsworth, Paul J.

2018-01-01

The Design Visualization (DV) group supports work at the Kennedy Space Center by utilizing metrology data with Computer-Aided Design (CAD) models and simulations to provide accurate visual representations that aid in decision-making. The capability to measure and simulate objects in real time helps to predict and avoid potential problems before they become expensive in addition to facilitating the planning of operations. I had the opportunity to work on existing and new models and simulations in support of DV and NASA’s Exploration Ground Systems (EGS).

Neurocognitive and Somatic Components of Temperature Increases during g-Tummo Meditation: Legend and Reality

PubMed Central

Kozhevnikov, Maria; Elliott, James; Shephard, Jennifer; Gramann, Klaus

2013-01-01

Stories of g-tummo meditators mysteriously able to dry wet sheets wrapped around their naked bodies during a frigid Himalayan ceremony have intrigued scholars and laypersons alike for a century. Study 1 was conducted in remote monasteries of eastern Tibet with expert meditators performing g-tummo practices while their axillary temperature and electroencephalographic (EEG) activity were measured. Study 2 was conducted with Western participants (a non-meditator control group) instructed to use the somatic component of the g-tummo practice (vase breathing) without utilization of meditative visualization. Reliable increases in axillary temperature from normal to slight or moderate fever zone (up to 38.3°C) were observed among meditators only during the Forceful Breath type of g-tummo meditation accompanied by increases in alpha, beta, and gamma power. The magnitude of the temperature increases significantly correlated with the increases in alpha power during Forceful Breath meditation. The findings indicate that there are two factors affecting temperature increase. The first is the somatic component which causes thermogenesis, while the second is the neurocognitive component (meditative visualization) that aids in sustaining temperature increases for longer periods. Without meditative visualization, both meditators and non-meditators were capable of using the Forceful Breath vase breathing only for a limited time, resulting in limited temperature increases in the range of normal body temperature. Overall, the results suggest that specific aspects of the g-tummo technique might help non-meditators learn how to regulate their body temperature, which has implications for improving health and regulating cognitive performance. PMID:23555572

Fuels planning: science synthesis and integration; social issues fact sheet 14: Landscape preference in forested ecosystems

Treesearch

Christine Esposito

2006-01-01

It is important to understand what types of landscape settings most people prefer to be able to plan fuels treatment and other forest management activities that will be acceptable to the general public. This fact sheet considers the four common elements of visually preferred forest settings: large trees; herbacious, smooth groundcover; open midstory canopy; and vistas...

Visual Aid to Demonstrate Change of State and Gas Pressure with Temperature

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ghaffari, Shahrokh

2011-01-01

Demonstrations are used in chemistry lectures to improve conceptual understanding by direct observation. The visual aid described here is designed to demonstrate the change in state of matter with the change of temperature and the change of pressure with temperature. Temperature is presented by the rate of airflow and pressure is presented by…

The Physical Costs and Psychosocial Benefits of Travel Aids for Persons Who Are Visually Impaired or Blind.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gitlin, L. N.; Mount, J.; Lucas, W.; Weirich, L. C.; Gramberg, L.

1997-01-01

This study investigated the musculoskeletal consequences of travel aids, particularly white canes and guide dogs, as perceived by 21 individuals (ages 27-68) with visual impairments or blindness. They experienced a variety of negative physical effects that they denied, ignored, or minimized because of benefits derived from being independently…

Audio-Visual Aid in Teaching "Fatty Liver"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dash, Sambit; Kamath, Ullas; Rao, Guruprasad; Prakash, Jay; Mishra, Snigdha

2016-01-01

Use of audio visual tools to aid in medical education is ever on a rise. Our study intends to find the efficacy of a video prepared on "fatty liver," a topic that is often a challenge for pre-clinical teachers, in enhancing cognitive processing and ultimately learning. We prepared a video presentation of 11:36 min, incorporating various…

Constructing a Streaming Video-Based Learning Forum for Collaborative Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chang, Chih-Kai

2004-01-01

As web-based courses using videos have become popular in recent years, the issue of managing audio-visual aids has become pertinent. Generally, the contents of audio-visual aids may include a lecture, an interview, a report, or an experiment, which may be transformed into a streaming format capable of making the quality of Internet-based videos…

Pathways to Identity: Aiding Law Enforcement in Identification Tasks With Visual Analytics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bruce, Joseph R.; Scholtz, Jean; Hodges, Duncan

The nature of identity has changed dramatically in recent years, and has grown in complexity. Identities are defined in multiple domains: biological and psychological elements strongly contribute, but also biographical and cyber elements are necessary to complete the picture. Law enforcement is beginning to adjust to these changes, recognizing its importance in criminal justice. The SuperIdentity project seeks to aid law enforcement officials in their identification tasks through research of techniques for discovering identity traits, generation of statistical models of identity and analysis of identity traits through visualization. We present use cases compiled through user interviews in multiple fields, includingmore » law enforcement, as well as the modeling and visualization tools design to aid in those use cases.« less

Pathways to Identity. Using Visualization to Aid Law Enforcement in Identification Tasks

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bruce, Joseph R.; Scholtz, Jean; Hodges, Duncan

The nature of identity has changed dramatically in recent years and has grown in complexity. Identities are defined in multiple domains: biological and psychological elements strongly contribute, but biographical and cyber elements also are necessary to complete the picture. Law enforcement is beginning to adjust to these changes, recognizing identity’s importance in criminal justice. The SuperIdentity project seeks to aid law enforcement officials in their identification tasks through research of techniques for discovering identity traits, generation of statistical models of identity and analysis of identity traits through visualization. We present use cases compiled through user interviews in multiple fields, includingmore » law enforcement, and describe the modeling and visualization tools design to aid in those use cases.« less

Role of STD Detection and Treatment in HIV Prevention

MedlinePlus

... Search Form Controls Cancel Submit Search the CDC HIV/AIDS & STDs Note: Javascript is disabled or is ... on Facebook Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) STDs and HIV – CDC Fact Sheet Language: English (US) Español (Spanish) ...

Examining competing hypotheses for the effects of diagrams on recall for text.

PubMed

Ortegren, Francesca R; Serra, Michael J; England, Benjamin D

2015-01-01

Supplementing text-based learning materials with diagrams typically increases students' free recall and cued recall of the presented information. In the present experiments, we examined competing hypotheses for why this occurs. More specifically, although diagrams are visual, they also serve to repeat information from the text they accompany. Both visual presentation and repetition are known to aid students' recall of information. To examine to what extent diagrams aid recall because they are visual or repetitive (or both), we had college students in two experiments (n = 320) read a science text about how lightning storms develop before completing free-recall and cued-recall tests over the presented information. Between groups, we manipulated the format and repetition of target pieces of information in the study materials using a 2 (visual presentation of target information: diagrams present vs. diagrams absent) × 2 (repetition of target information: present vs. absent) between-participants factorial design. Repetition increased both the free recall and cued recall of target information, and this occurred regardless of whether that repetition was in the form of text or a diagram. In contrast, the visual presentation of information never aided free recall. Furthermore, visual presentation alone did not significantly aid cued recall when participants studied the materials once before the test (Experiment 1) but did when they studied the materials twice (Experiment 2). Taken together, the results of the present experiments demonstrate the important role of repetition (i.e., that diagrams repeat information from the text) over the visual nature of diagrams in producing the benefits of diagrams for recall.

The Dawn of Development: A Guide for Educating Visually Impaired Young Children. Volume I: Assessment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Umansky, Warren; And Others

The guide offers a means for evaluating specific learning characteristics of visually impaired children at three levels: prereadiness (prekindergarten), readiness (kindergarten), and academic (primary grades). Items are designed to be administered by informal observation and structured testing. Score sheets contain space for reporting two testing…

The Relationship between Dyslexia and Meares-Irlen Syndrome

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kriss, Isla; Evans, Bruce J.W.

2005-01-01

Meares-Irlen Syndrome (MIS) is characterised by symptoms of visual stress and visual perceptual distortions that are alleviated by using individually prescribed coloured filters. Coloured overlays (sheets of transparent plastic that are placed upon the page) are used to screen for the condition. MIS is diagnosed on the basis of either the…

Impact of Visual Aids in Enhancing the Learning Process Case Research: District Dera Ghazi Khan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shabiralyani, Ghulam; Hasan, Khuram Shahzad; Hamad, Naqvi; Iqbal, Nadeem

2015-01-01

This research explores teachers' opinions on the use of visual aids (e.g., pictures, animation videos, projectors and films) as a motivational tool in enhancing students' attention in reading literary texts. To accomplish the aim of the research, a closed ended questionnaire was used to collect the required data. The targeted population for this…

Library Aids and Services Available to the Blind and Visually Handicapped. First Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Delta Gamma Foundation, Columbus, OH.

The information contained in this publication will be helpful in carrying out projects to aid blind and visually handicapped children and adults of all ages. Special materials available from the Library of Congress such as: talking books, books in braille, large print books, and books in moon type are described. Other sources of reading materials…

Low Vision Aids for Visually Impaired Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schurink, J.; Cox, R. F. A.; Cillessen, A. H. N.; van Rens, G. H. M. B.; Boonstra, F. N.

2011-01-01

It is a widely accepted belief in clinical practice that children with a visual impairment can profit from the use of a low vision aid (LVA). However, we found a considerable gap in our scientific understanding of LVA use, particularly in young children. This is the reason for the analysis presented in this paper. A selected overview of LVA use in…

Intermediate SCDC Spanish Curricula Units. Science/Health, Unit 1, Kits 1-4, Supplement & Ditto Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spanish Curricula Development Center, Miami Beach, FL.

Visual aids and ditto masters for the first unit of a science/health curriculum for the intermediate level are included in this supplement and ditto packet. The visual aids are designed to help stimulate oral language and conceptual development through group activities and individual seatwork. Intended to help the teacher successfully carry out…

Teachers' Methodologies and Sources of Information on HIV/AIDS for Students with Visual Impairments in Selected Residential and Integrated Schools in Ghana

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hayford, Samuel K.; Ocansey, Frederick

2017-01-01

This study reports part of a national survey on sources of information, education and communication materials on HIV/AIDS available to students with visual impairments in residential, segregated, and integrated schools in Ghana. A multi-staged stratified random sampling procedure and a purposive and simple random sampling approach, where…

An Inventory of International Clearing House Services in Population/Family Planning With Special Reference to Audio-Visual Aids and Educational Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Radel, David

This paper provides an inventory and summary of current and planned international information clearing house services in the field of population/family planning, worldwide. Special emphasis is placed on services relating to audio-visual aids, educational materials, and information/education/communication support, as these items and activities have…

Creating Visual Aids with Graphic Organisers on an Infinite Canvas--The Impact on the Presenter

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Casteleyn, Jordi; Mottart, Andre; Valcke, Martin

2015-01-01

Instead of the traditional set of slides, the visual aids of a presentation can now be graphic organisers (concept maps, knowledge maps, mind maps) on an infinite canvas. Constructing graphic organisers has a beneficial impact on learning, but this topic has not been studied in the context of giving a presentation. The present study examined this…

Fuels planning: science synthesis and integration; forest structure and fire hazard fact sheet 01: forest structure and fire hazard overview

Treesearch

Rocky Mountain Research Station USDA Forest Service

2004-01-01

Many managers and policymakers guided by the National Environmental Policy Act process want to understand the scientific principles on which they can base fuel treatments for reducing the size and severity of wildfires. These Forest Structure and Fire Hazard fact sheets discuss how to estimate fire hazard, how to visualize fuel treatments, and how the role of...

A recipe for designing water-soluble, beta-sheet-forming peptides.

PubMed Central

Mayo, K. H.; Ilyina, E.; Park, H.

1996-01-01

Based on observations of solubility and folding properties of peptide 33-mers derived from the beta-sheet domains of platelet factor-4 (PF4), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and growth related protein (Gro-alpha), as well as other beta-sheet-forming peptides, general guidelines have been developed to aid in the design of water soluble, self-association-induced beta-sheet-forming peptides. CD, 1H-NMR, and pulsed field gradient NMR self-diffusion measurements have been used to assess the degree of folding and state of aggregation. PF4 peptide forms native-like beta-sheet tetramers and is sparingly soluble above pH 6. IL-8 peptide is insoluble between pH 4.5 and pH 7.5, yet forms stable, native-like beta-sheet dimers at higher pH. Gro-alpha peptide is soluble at all pH values, yet displays no discernable beta-sheet structure even when diffusion data indicate dimer-tetramer aggregation. A recipe used in the de novo design of water-soluble beta-sheet-forming peptides calls for the peptide to contain 40-50% hydrophobic residues, usually aliphatic ones (I, L, V, A, M) (appropriately paired and mostly but not always alternating with polar residues in the sheet sequence), a positively charged (K, R) to negatively charged (E, D) residue ratio between 4/2 and 6/2, and a noncharged polar residue (N, Q, T, S) composition of about 20% or less. Results on four de novo designed, 33-residue peptides are presented supporting this approach. Under near physiologic conditions, all four peptides are soluble, form beta-sheet structures to varying degrees, and self-associate. One peptide folds as a stable, compact beta-sheet tetramer, whereas the others are transient beta-sheet-containing aggregates. PMID:8819163

Audio-Visual Aids for Pre-School and Primary School Children. A Training Document. Aids to Programming UNICEF Assistance to Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Narayan, Shankar

This discussion of the importance and scope of audiovisual aids in the educational programs and activities designed for children in developing countries includes the significance of audiovisual aids in pre-school and primary school education, types of audiovisual aids, learning from pictures, creative art materials, play materials, and problems…

How visual cues for when to listen aid selective auditory attention.

PubMed

Varghese, Lenny A; Ozmeral, Erol J; Best, Virginia; Shinn-Cunningham, Barbara G

2012-06-01

Visual cues are known to aid auditory processing when they provide direct information about signal content, as in lip reading. However, some studies hint that visual cues also aid auditory perception by guiding attention to the target in a mixture of similar sounds. The current study directly tests this idea for complex, nonspeech auditory signals, using a visual cue providing only timing information about the target. Listeners were asked to identify a target zebra finch bird song played at a random time within a longer, competing masker. Two different maskers were used: noise and a chorus of competing bird songs. On half of all trials, a visual cue indicated the timing of the target within the masker. For the noise masker, the visual cue did not affect performance when target and masker were from the same location, but improved performance when target and masker were in different locations. In contrast, for the chorus masker, visual cues improved performance only when target and masker were perceived as coming from the same direction. These results suggest that simple visual cues for when to listen improve target identification by enhancing sounds near the threshold of audibility when the target is energetically masked and by enhancing segregation when it is difficult to direct selective attention to the target. Visual cues help little when target and masker already differ in attributes that enable listeners to engage selective auditory attention effectively, including differences in spectrotemporal structure and in perceived location.

Visual Impairments, "Including Blindness." NICHCY Disability Fact Sheet #13

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities, 2012

2012-01-01

Vision is one of the five senses. Being able to see gives tremendous access to learning about the world around--people's faces and the subtleties of expression, what different things look like and how big they are, and the physical environments, including approaching hazards. When a child has a visual impairment, it is cause for immediate…

Management of varicella zoster virus retinitis in AIDS

PubMed Central

Moorthy, R.; Weinberg, D.; Teich, S.; Berger, B.; Minturn, J.; Kumar, S.; Rao, N.; Fowell, S.; Loose, I.; Jampol, L.

1997-01-01

AIMS/BACKGROUND—Varicella zoster virus retinitis (VZVR) in patients with AIDS, also called progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN), is a necrotising viral retinitis which has resulted in blindness in most patients. The purposes of this study were to investigate the clinical course and visual outcome, and to determine if the choice of a systemic antiviral therapy affected the final visual outcome in patients with VZVR and AIDS.
METHODS—A review of the clinical records of 20 patients with VZVR from six centres was performed. Analysis of the clinical characteristics at presentation was performed. Kruskall-Wallis non-parametric one way analysis of variance (KWAOV) of the final visual acuities of patients treated with acyclovir, ganciclovir, foscarnet, or a combination of foscarnet and ganciclovir was carried out.
RESULTS—Median follow up was 6 months (range 1.3-26 months). On presentation, 14 of 20 patients (70%) had bilateral disease, and 75% (15 of 20 patients) had previous or concurrent extraocular manifestations of VZV infection. Median initial and final visual acuities were 20/40 and hand movements, respectively. Of 39 eyes involved, 19 eyes (49%) were no light perception at last follow up; 27 eyes (69%) developed rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. Patients treated with combination ganciclovir and foscarnet therapy or ganciclovir alone had significantly better final visual acuity than those treated with either acyclovir or foscarnet (KWAOV: p = 0.0051).
CONCLUSIONS—This study represents the second largest series, the longest follow up, and the first analysis of visual outcomes based on medical therapy for AIDS patients with VZVR. Aggressive medical treatment with appropriate systemic antivirals may improve long term visual outcome in patients with VZVR. Acyclovir appears to be relatively ineffective in treating this disease.

 PMID:9135381

Expanding Hearing Healthcare | NIH MedlinePlus the Magazine

MedlinePlus

... Hearing Loss National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders: Hearing Aids Fact Sheet (pdf) Hearing Loss Association of America Fall 2017 Issue: Volume 12 Number 3 Page 13-15 MedlinePlus Subscribe Magazine Information Contact Us Viewers & Players Friends of the National ...

Visual objects and universal meanings: AIDS posters and the politics of globalisation and history.

PubMed

Stein, Claudia; Cooter, Roger

2011-01-01

Drawing on recent visual and spatial turns in history writing, this paper considers AIDS posters from the perspective of their museum 'afterlife' as collected material objects. Museum spaces serve changing political and epistemological projects, and the visual objects they house are not immune from them. A recent globally themed exhibition of AIDS posters at an arts and crafts museum in Hamburg is cited in illustration. The exhibition also serves to draw attention to institutional continuities in collecting agendas. Revealed, contrary to postmodernist expectations, is how today's application of aesthetic display for the purpose of making 'global connections' does not radically break with the virtues and morals attached to the visual at the end of the nineteenth century. The historicisation of such objects needs to take into account this complicated mix of change and continuity in aesthetic concepts and political inscriptions. Otherwise, historians fall prey to seductive aesthetics without being aware of the politics of them. This article submits that aesthetics is politics.

Visual Objects and Universal Meanings: AIDS Posters and the Politics of Globalisation and History

PubMed Central

STEIN, CLAUDIA; COOTER, ROGER

2011-01-01

Drawing on recent visual and spatial turns in history writing, this paper considers AIDS posters from the perspective of their museum ‘afterlife’ as collected material objects. Museum spaces serve changing political and epistemological projects, and the visual objects they house are not immune from them. A recent globally themed exhibition of AIDS posters at an arts and crafts museum in Hamburg is cited in illustration. The exhibition also serves to draw attention to institutional continuities in collecting agendas. Revealed, contrary to postmodernist expectations, is how today’s application of aesthetic display for the purpose of making ‘global connections’ does not radically break with the virtues and morals attached to the visual at the end of the nineteenth century. The historicisation of such objects needs to take into account this complicated mix of change and continuity in aesthetic concepts and political inscriptions. Otherwise, historians fall prey to seductive aesthetics without being aware of the politics of them. This article submits that aesthetics is politics. PMID:23752866

Advanced control techniques for teleoperation in earth orbit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bejczy, A. K.; Brooks, T. L.

1980-01-01

Emerging teleoperation tasks in space invite advancements in teleoperator control technology. This paper briefly summarizes the generic issues related to earth orbital applications of teleoperators, and describes teleoperator control technology development work including visual and non-visual sensors and displays, kinesthetic feedback and computer-aided controls. Performance experiments were carried out using sensor and computer aided controls with promising results which are briefly summarized.

Eye-Tracking Measures Reveal How Changes in the Design of Aided AAC Displays Influence the Efficiency of Locating Symbols by School-Age Children without Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilkinson, Krista M.; O'Neill, Tara; McIlvane, William J.

2014-01-01

Purpose: Many individuals with communication impairments use aided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems involving letters, words, or line drawings that rely on the visual modality. It seems reasonable to suggest that display design should incorporate information about how users attend to and process visual information. The…

Auditory, Visual, and Auditory-Visual Speech Perception by Individuals with Cochlear Implants versus Individuals with Hearing Aids

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Most, Tova; Rothem, Hilla; Luntz, Michal

2009-01-01

The researchers evaluated the contribution of cochlear implants (CIs) to speech perception by a sample of prelingually deaf individuals implanted after age 8 years. This group was compared with a group with profound hearing impairment (HA-P), and with a group with severe hearing impairment (HA-S), both of which used hearing aids. Words and…

Visual acuity and magnification devices in dentistry.

PubMed

Perrin, Philippe; Eichenberger, Martina; Neuhaus, Klaus W; Lussi, Adrian

2016-01-01

This review discusses visual acuity in dentistry and the influence of optical aids. Studies based on objective visual tests at a dental working distance were included. These studies show dramatic individual variation independent of the dentists’ age. The limitations due to presbyopia begin at an age of 40 years. Dental professionals should have their near vision tested regularly. Visual deficiencies can be compensated with magnification aids. It is important to differentiate between Galilean and Keplerian loupes. The lightweight Galilean loupes allow an almost straight posture and offer improved ergonomics. Younger dentists profit more from the ergonomic aspects, while dentists over the age of 40 can compensate their age-related visual deficiencies when using this type of loupe. Keplerian loupes, with their superior optical construction, improve the visual performance for dentists of all age groups. The optical advantages come at the cost of ergonomic constraints due to the weight of these loupes. The microscope is highly superior visually and ergonomically, and it is indispensable for the visual control of endodontic treatments.

Fuels planning: science synthesis and integration; forest structure and fire hazard fact sheet 06: Guide to fuel treatments in dry forests of the Western United States: assessing forest structure and fire hazard

Treesearch

Rocky Mountain Research Station USDA Forest Service

2005-01-01

The Guide to Fuel Treatments analyzes a range of potential silvicultural thinnings and surface fuel treatments for 25 representative dry-forest stands in the Western United States. The guide provides quantitative guidelines and visualization for treatment based on scientific principles identified for reducing potential crown fires. This fact sheet identifies the...

An Empirical Study on Using Visual Embellishments in Visualization.

PubMed

Borgo, R; Abdul-Rahman, A; Mohamed, F; Grant, P W; Reppa, I; Floridi, L; Chen, Min

2012-12-01

In written and spoken communications, figures of speech (e.g., metaphors and synecdoche) are often used as an aid to help convey abstract or less tangible concepts. However, the benefits of using rhetorical illustrations or embellishments in visualization have so far been inconclusive. In this work, we report an empirical study to evaluate hypotheses that visual embellishments may aid memorization, visual search and concept comprehension. One major departure from related experiments in the literature is that we make use of a dual-task methodology in our experiment. This design offers an abstraction of typical situations where viewers do not have their full attention focused on visualization (e.g., in meetings and lectures). The secondary task introduces "divided attention", and makes the effects of visual embellishments more observable. In addition, it also serves as additional masking in memory-based trials. The results of this study show that visual embellishments can help participants better remember the information depicted in visualization. On the other hand, visual embellishments can have a negative impact on the speed of visual search. The results show a complex pattern as to the benefits of visual embellishments in helping participants grasp key concepts from visualization.

Time resolved PIV and flow visualization of 3D sheet cavitation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Foeth, E. J.; van Doorne, C. W. H.; van Terwisga, T.; Wieneke, B.

2006-04-01

Time-resolved PIV was applied to study fully developed sheet cavitation on a hydrofoil with a spanwise varying angle of attack. The hydrofoil was designed to have a three-dimensional cavitation pattern closely related to propeller cavitation, studied for its adverse effects as vibration, noise, and erosion production. For the PIV measurements, fluorescent tracer particles were applied in combination with an optical filter, in order to remove the reflections of the laser lightsheet by the cavitation. An adaptive mask was developed to find the interface between the vapor and liquid phase. The velocity at the interface of the cavity was found to be very close to the velocity predicted by a simple streamline model. For a visualization of the global flow dynamics, the laser beam was expanded and used to illuminate the entire hydrofoil and cavitation structure. The time-resolved recordings reveal the growth of the attached cavity and the cloud shedding. Our investigation proves the viability of accurate PIV measurements around developed sheet cavitation. The presented results will further be made available as a benchmark for the validation of numerical simulations of this complicated flow.

Low cost training aids and devices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lawver, J.; Lee, A.

1984-01-01

The need for advanced flight simulators for two engine aircraft is discussed. Cost effectiveness is a major requirement. Other training aids available for increased effectiveness are recommended. Training aids include: (1) audio-visual slides; (2) information transfer; (3) programmed instruction; and (4) interactive training systems.

Is computer-aided interpretation of 99Tcm-HMPAO leukocyte scans better than the naked eye?

PubMed

Almer, S; Peters, A M; Ekberg, S; Franzén, L; Granerus, G; Ström, M

1995-04-01

In order to compare visual interpretation of inflammation detected by leukocyte scintigraphy with that of different computer-aided quantification methods, 34 patients (25 with ulcerative colitis and 9 with endoscopically verified non-inflamed colonic mucosa), were investigated using 99Tcm-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99Tcm-HMPAO) leukocyte scintigraphy and colonoscopy with biopsies. Scintigrams were obtained 45 min and 4 h after the injection of labelled cells. Computer-generated grading of seven colon segments using four different methods was performed on each scintigram for each patient. The same segments were graded independently using a 4-point visual scale. Endoscopic and histological inflammation were scored on 4-point scales. At 45 min, a positive correlation was found between endoscopic and scan gradings in individual colon segments when using visual grading and three of the four computer-aided methods (Spearman's rs = 0.30-0.64, P < 0.001). Histological grading correlated with visual grading and with two of the four computer-aided methods at 45 min (rs = 0.42-0.54, P < 0.001). At 4 h, all grading methods correlated positively with both endoscopic and histological assessment. The correlation coefficients were, in all but one instance, highest for the visual grading. As an inter-observer comparison to assess agreement between the visual gradings of two nuclear physicians, 14 additional patients (9 ulcerative colitis, 5 infectious enterocolitis) underwent leukocyte scintigraphy. Agreement assessed using kappa statistics was 0.54 at 45 min (P < 0.001). Separate data concerning the presence/absence of active inflammation showed a high kappa value (0.74, P < 0.001). Our results showed that a simple scintigraphic scoring system based on assessment using the human eye reflects colonic inflammation at least as well as computer-aided grading, and that highly correlated results can be achieved between different investigators.

Tuberculosis Control - SD Dept. of Health

Science.gov Websites

Salmonellosis Scabies SARS - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Shigellosis Shingles Silicosis Sinusitis - NIH Communicable Diseases Communicable Disease Links Disease Fact Sheets Acute Pesticide Poisoning AIDS/HIV Algal Hepatitis C Herpes Gladiatorum Herpes II Histoplasmosis Infectious Mononucleosis Influenza Kawasaki Syndrome

[Improving comprehension and communication of risks about health].

PubMed

García-Retamero, Rocío; Galesic, Mirta; Gigerenzer, Gerd

2011-11-01

Many patients have severe difficulties grasping several numerical concepts that are related to their health, such as, for instance, the risk of suffering various diseases. Visual aids have been proposed as a promising method for enhancing risk communication and comprehension. In medical practice, however, not all patients benefit from visual aids. In a study conducted on a probabilistic, representative national sample in the United States, we identified a group of patients for whom visual aids are most useful: Those who have low numeracy but high graphical literacy skills. These patients have high scores in three abilities involved in graph comprehension: (1) the ability to read the data, (2) the ability to read the relations between the data, and (3) the ability to read beyond the data. Our results can have important implications for medical practice and for risk communication about health.

Effective communication of risks to young adults: using message framing and visual aids to increase condom use and STD screening.

PubMed

Garcia-Retamero, Rocio; Cokely, Edward T

2011-09-01

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)-including HIV/AIDS-are among the most common infectious diseases in young adults. How can we effectively promote prevention and detection of STDs in this high risk population? In a two-phase longitudinal experiment we examined the effects of a brief risk awareness intervention (i.e., a sexual health information brochure) in a large sample of sexually active young adults (n = 744). We assessed the influence of gain- and loss-framed messages, and visual aids, on affective reactions, risk perceptions, attitudes, behavioral intentions, and reported behaviors relating to the prevention and detection of STDs. Results indicate that gain-framed messages induced greater adherence for prevention behaviors (e.g., condom use), whereas loss-framed messages were more effective in promoting illness-detecting behaviors (e.g., making an appointment with a doctor to discuss about STD screening). The influence of the framed messages on prevention and detection of STDs was mediated by changes in participants' attitudes toward the health behaviors along with changes in their behavioral intentions. Moreover, when visual aids were added to the health information, both the gain- and loss-framed messages became equally and highly effective in promoting health behaviors. These results converge with other data indicating that well-constructed visual aids are often among the most highly effective, transparent, fast, memorable, and ethically desirable means of risk communication. Theoretical, economic, and public policy implications of these results are discussed. (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved.

GLOBATO: An enhanced global relief model at 30 arc-seconds resolution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

O'Leary, V.; Amante, C.

2017-12-01

The National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), an office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), first developed a digital bathymetric and elevation model, ETOPO5, from publicly available data in 1993. For nearly 25 years, NCEI's ETOPO family of global relief models have supported research at a planetary scale, including tsunami forecasting, ocean circulation modeling, visualization of the seafloor, understanding geological phenomena, and aiding the development of other global and regional elevation models. GLOBATO (GLObal BAThymetry and TOpography) is now the most detailed version released by NCEI with a horizontal resolution of 30 arc-seconds and succeeds ETOPO1 with the inclusion of several new or updated data-sets for the seafloor as well as land areas. GLOBATO is a compilation of data derived from models of satellite measurements, ship depth soundings, and multibeam surveys, as well as regional models developed for Greenland and Antarctica. These data were converted from different formats, resolutions, spatial distributions, and projections into a single global model using GDAL v2.2 and MB-System v5.5. As with previous NCEI models, GLOBATO is available in two formats, "bedrock elevation" (measured as the base of major ice sheets) and "ice surface elevation" (measured as the surface of major ice sheets) which provides comprehensive topographic and bathymetric coverage between +- 90 degrees latitude and +- 180 degrees longitude. Adhering to best practices, GLOBATO, all related digital products, and any supporting documentation are available online through the NCEI data portal. These new, high resolution models will better support the variety of research ETOPO1 has made possible.

Plume structure in high-Rayleigh-number convection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Puthenveettil, Baburaj A.; Arakeri, Jaywant H.

2005-10-01

Near-wall structures in turbulent natural convection at Rayleigh numbers of 10^{10} to 10^{11} at A Schmidt number of 602 are visualized by a new method of driving the convection across a fine membrane using concentration differences of sodium chloride. The visualizations show the near-wall flow to consist of sheet plumes. A wide variety of large-scale flow cells, scaling with the cross-section dimension, are observed. Multiple large-scale flow cells are seen at aspect ratio (AR)= 0.65, while only a single circulation cell is detected at AR= 0.435. The cells (or the mean wind) are driven by plumes coming together to form columns of rising lighter fluid. The wind in turn aligns the sheet plumes along the direction of shear. the mean wind direction is seen to change with time. The near-wall dynamics show plumes initiated at points, which elongate to form sheets and then merge. Increase in rayleigh number results in a larger number of closely and regularly spaced plumes. The plume spacings show a common log normal probability distribution function, independent of the rayleigh number and the aspect ratio. We propose that the near-wall structure is made of laminar natural-convection boundary layers, which become unstable to give rise to sheet plumes, and show that the predictions of a model constructed on this hypothesis match the experiments. Based on these findings, we conclude that in the presence of a mean wind, the local near-wall boundary layers associated with each sheet plume in high-rayleigh-number turbulent natural convection are likely to be laminar mixed convection type.

Fuel Cell Backup Power Geographical Visualization Map (Fact Sheet)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

2012-12-01

This NREL Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technical Highlight describes a time-lapse geographical visualization map of early market use of fuel cells for telecommunications backup power. The map synthesizes data being analyzed by NREL's Technology Validation team for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Fuel Cell Technologies Program with DOE's publicly available annual summaries of electric disturbance events.

Visual Cues Contribute Differentially to Audiovisual Perception of Consonants and Vowels in Improving Recognition and Reducing Cognitive Demands in Listeners with Hearing Impairment Using Hearing Aids

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moradi, Shahram; Lidestam, Bjorn; Danielsson, Henrik; Ng, Elaine Hoi Ning; Ronnberg, Jerker

2017-01-01

Purpose: We sought to examine the contribution of visual cues in audiovisual identification of consonants and vowels--in terms of isolation points (the shortest time required for correct identification of a speech stimulus), accuracy, and cognitive demands--in listeners with hearing impairment using hearing aids. Method: The study comprised 199…

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TRAINING AIDS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MCKEONE, CHARLES J.

THIS COMPILATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL AIDS FOR USE IN AIR-CONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATION TRAINING PROGRAMS CONTAINS LISTS OF VISUAL AND AUDIOVISUAL TRAINING AIDS AND GUEST LECTURERS AVAILABLE FROM MEMBER COMPANIES OF THE AIR-CONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATION INSTITUTE AS AN INDUSTRY SERVICE TO SCHOOL OFFICIALS INTERESTED IN CONDUCTING SUCH PROGRAMS. THE…

Recent development on computer aided tissue engineering--a review.

PubMed

Sun, Wei; Lal, Pallavi

2002-02-01

The utilization of computer-aided technologies in tissue engineering has evolved in the development of a new field of computer-aided tissue engineering (CATE). This article reviews recent development and application of enabling computer technology, imaging technology, computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD and CAM), and rapid prototyping (RP) technology in tissue engineering, particularly, in computer-aided tissue anatomical modeling, three-dimensional (3-D) anatomy visualization and 3-D reconstruction, CAD-based anatomical modeling, computer-aided tissue classification, computer-aided tissue implantation and prototype modeling assisted surgical planning and reconstruction.

Evaluation of kinesthetic-tactual displays using a critical tracking task

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jagacinski, R. J.; Miller, D. P.; Gilson, R. D.; Ault, R. T.

1977-01-01

The study sought to investigate the feasibility of applying the critical tracking task paradigm to the evaluation of kinesthetic-tactual displays. Four subjects attempted to control a first-order unstable system with a continuously decreasing time constant by using either visual or tactual unidimensional displays. Display aiding was introduced in both modalities in the form of velocity quickening. Visual tracking performance was better than tactual tracking, and velocity aiding improved the critical tracking scores for visual and tactual tracking about equally. The results suggest that the critical task methodology holds considerable promise for evaluating kinesthetic-tactual displays.

On avoiding framing effects in experienced decision makers.

PubMed

Garcia-Retamero, Rocio; Dhami, Mandeep K

2013-01-01

The present study aimed to (a) demonstrate the effect of positive-negative framing on experienced criminal justice decision makers, (b) examine the debiasing effect of visually structured risk messages, and (c) investigate whether risk perceptions mediate the debiasing effect of visual aids on decision making. In two phases, 60 senior police officers estimated the accuracy of a counterterrorism technique in identifying whether a known terror suspect poses an imminent danger and decided whether they would recommend the technique to policy makers. Officers also rated their confidence in this recommendation. When information about the effectiveness of the counterterrorism technique was presented in a numerical format, officers' perceptions of accuracy and recommendation decisions were susceptible to the framing effect: The technique was perceived to be more accurate and was more likely to be recommended when its effectiveness was presented in a positive than in a negative frame. However, when the information was represented visually using icon arrays, there were no such framing effects. Finally, perceptions of accuracy mediated the debiasing effect of visual aids on recommendation decisions. We offer potential explanations for the debiasing effect of visual aids and implications for communicating risk to experienced, professional decision makers.

Health Literacy Demand of Printed Lifestyle Patient Information Materials Aimed at People With Chronic Kidney Disease: Are Materials Easy to Understand and Act On and Do They Use Meaningful Visual Aids?

PubMed

Morony, Suzanne; McCaffery, Kirsten J; Kirkendall, Suzanne; Jansen, Jesse; Webster, Angela C

2017-02-01

People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) need usable information on how to live well and slow disease progression. This information is complex, difficult to communicate, and changes during the course of the disease. We examined lifestyle-related printed CKD patient education materials focusing on actionability and visual aids. From a previous systematic review assessing readability of CKD patient information, we identified materials targeting nutrition, exercise, and self-management. We applied the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) and Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) to evaluate how easy materials were to understand (understandability) and act on (actionability). We created the 5C image checklist and systematically examined all visual aids for clarity, contribution, contradiction, and caption. Of the 26 materials included, one fifth (n = 5, 19%) were rated "not suitable" on SAM and fewer than half (n = 11, 42%) were rated "superior." PEMAT mean subdomain scores were suboptimal for actionability (52) and visuals (37). Overall, more than half of all 223 graphics (n = 127, 57%) contributed no meaning to the text. Images in three documents (12%) directly contradicted messaging in the text. CKD lifestyle information materials require focused improvements in both actionability of advice given and use of visual aids to support people with CKD to self-manage their condition. The fifth C is culture and is best evaluated by user-testing.

Familiarity Enhances Visual Working Memory for Faces

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson, Margaret C.; Raymond, Jane E.

2008-01-01

Although it is intuitive that familiarity with complex visual objects should aid their preservation in visual working memory (WM), empirical evidence for this is lacking. This study used a conventional change-detection procedure to assess visual WM for unfamiliar and famous faces in healthy adults. Across experiments, faces were upright or…

Optimizing Visually-Assisted Listening Comprehension

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kashani, Ahmad Sabouri; Sajjadi, Samad; Sohrabi, Mohammad Reza; Younespour, Shima

2011-01-01

The fact that visual aids such as pictures or graphs can lead to greater comprehension by language learners has been well established. Nonetheless, the order of presenting visuals to listeners is left unattended. This study examined listening comprehension from a strategy of introducing visual information, either prior to or during an audio…

Assessing Functional Vision Using Microcomputers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spencer, Simon; Ross, Malcolm

1989-01-01

The paper describes a software system which uses microcomputers to aid in the assessment of functional vision in visually impaired students. The software also aims to be visually stimulating and to develop hand-eye coordination, visual memory, and cognitive abilities. (DB)

Use of an appendicitis medical information sheet in the pediatric primary care system.

PubMed

Oyachi, Noboru; Yagasaki, Hideaki; Suzuki, Takeyuki; Higashida, Kosuke; Komai, Takayuki; Hasuda, Norio; Takano, Kunio; Obana, Kazuko

2016-10-01

Accurate and prompt diagnosis is required for the primary evaluation of pediatric appendicitis. Among pediatricians and surgeons working in Yamanashi Prefecture, the pediatric appendicitis medical information (PAMI) sheet was edited in April 2011 to reflect the diagnostic results of the pediatric primary and emergency medical service and used as a referral document for surgical consultation to secondary hospitals. The PAMI sheet consisted of sections for history taking, symptoms, physical signs and laboratory findings without a scoring system. For 32 consecutive months starting in April 2011, 59 patients hospitalized for suspected appendicitis were retrospectively reviewed. In particular, a total of 17 referral patients evaluated with the PAMI sheet were assessed in order to evaluate the utility of the form. The pediatric surgeons were able to easily determine patient condition from the PAMI sheet. In total, 13 of 17 patients had appendicitis. According to the physical findings of the 17 studied patients, the judgment of right lower quadrant tenderness (κ = 0.63) and guarding (κ = 1.00) was consistent between the pediatric surgeons and primary attending pediatricians. The PAMI sheet aids in the collection of detailed history and objective data with a high level of accuracy, and provides useful referral diagnostic information to the secondary-level hospitals. © 2016 Japan Pediatric Society.

Automatic extraction and visualization of object-oriented software design metrics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lakshminarayana, Anuradha; Newman, Timothy S.; Li, Wei; Talburt, John

2000-02-01

Software visualization is a graphical representation of software characteristics and behavior. Certain modes of software visualization can be useful in isolating problems and identifying unanticipated behavior. In this paper we present a new approach to aid understanding of object- oriented software through 3D visualization of software metrics that can be extracted from the design phase of software development. The focus of the paper is a metric extraction method and a new collection of glyphs for multi- dimensional metric visualization. Our approach utilize the extensibility interface of a popular CASE tool to access and automatically extract the metrics from Unified Modeling Language class diagrams. Following the extraction of the design metrics, 3D visualization of these metrics are generated for each class in the design, utilizing intuitively meaningful 3D glyphs that are representative of the ensemble of metrics. Extraction and visualization of design metrics can aid software developers in the early study and understanding of design complexity.

Microelectronics and Special Education. CET/MEP Information Sheet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Council for Educational Technology, London (England).

Used as an additional aid by the teacher, microelectronics can assist mentally and physically handicapped children to meet educational objectives that have been specifically agreed upon for the individual child. Microelectronics can help deaf children develop speech production, communication skills, and grammar and sentence construction;…

Bedmap2; Mapping, visualizing and communicating the Antarctic sub-glacial environment.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fretwell, Peter; Pritchard, Hamish

2013-04-01

Bedmap2; Mapping, visualizing and communicating the Antarctic sub-glacial environment. The Bedmap2 project has been a large cooperative effort to compile, model, map and visualize the ice-rock interface beneath the Antarctic ice sheet. Here we present the final output of that project; the Bedmap2 printed map. The map is an A1, double sided print, showing 2d and 3d visualizations of the dataset. It includes scientific interpretations, cross sections and comparisons with other areas. Paper copies of the colour double sided map will be freely distributed at this session.

Retinal vessel caliber among people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: relationships with visual function.

PubMed

Kalyani, Partho S; Fawzi, Amani A; Gangaputra, Sapna; van Natta, Mark L; Hubbard, Larry D; Danis, Ronald P; Thorne, Jennifer E; Holland, Gary N

2012-03-01

To evaluate relationships between retinal vessel caliber and tests of visual function among people with AIDS. Longitudinal, observational cohort study. We evaluated data for participants without ocular opportunistic infections at initial examination (baseline) in the Longitudinal Studies of the Ocular Complications of AIDS (1998-2008). Visual function was evaluated with best-corrected visual acuity, Goldmann perimetry, automated perimetry (Humphrey Field Analyzer), and contrast sensitivity (CS) testing. Semi-automated grading of fundus photographs (1 eye/participant) determined central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE), central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE), and arteriole-to-venule ratio (AVR) at baseline. Multiple linear regression models, using forward selection, sought independent relationships between indices and visual function variables. Included were 1250 participants. Smaller AVR was associated with reduced visual field by Goldmann perimetry (P = .003) and worse mean deviation (P = .02) on automated perimetry and possibly with worse pattern standard deviation (PSD) on automated perimetry (P = .06). There was a weak association between smaller AVR and worse CS (P = .07). Relationships were independent of antiretroviral therapy and level of immunodeficiency (CD4+ T lymphocyte count, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] RNA blood level). On longitudinal analysis, retinal vascular indices at baseline did not predict changes in visual function. Variation in retinal vascular indices is associated with abnormal visual function in people with AIDS, manifested by visual field loss and possibly by reduced CS. Relationships are consistent with the hypothesis that HIV-related retinal vasculopathy is a contributing factor to vision dysfunction among HIV-infected individuals. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether changes in indices predict change in visual function. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Use of optical aids by visually impaired students: social and cultural factors.

PubMed

Monteiro, Gelse Beatriz Martins; Temporini, Edméa Rita; de Carvalho, Keila Monteiro

2006-01-01

To identify conceptions, social and cultural factors regarding the use of optical aids by visually impaired students and to present information to health and educational professionals. Qualitative research using spontaneous theater (interactive theater modality based on improvisation) as research instrument. To analyze data, an adapted form of the collective subject discourse technique - procedures for organization of verbal data - was applied. Scenes, gestures, expressions, silences and behaviors were added to the original proposal. The study population included all visually impaired students from elementary public schools, aged 10 to 14 years who attended a resource room in a São Paulo state city. The students were examined at a university low vision service. Little knowledge about the impairment and difficult adaptation to use of optical aids were identified. The students' behavior showed denial of own problems, discomfort on public use of aids and lack of participation in own health decisions. Analysis through spontaneous theater session allows the professional to gather information which is not possible to acquire in the health assistance atmosphere. Needs, difficulties and barriers the users found before the prescribed treatment were identified.

Visions of visualization aids: Design philosophy and experimental results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ellis, Stephen R.

1990-01-01

Aids for the visualization of high-dimensional scientific or other data must be designed. Simply casting multidimensional data into a two- or three-dimensional spatial metaphor does not guarantee that the presentation will provide insight or parsimonious description of the phenomena underlying the data. Indeed, the communication of the essential meaning of some multidimensional data may be obscured by presentation in a spatially distributed format. Useful visualization is generally based on pre-existing theoretical beliefs concerning the underlying phenomena which guide selection and formatting of the plotted variables. Two examples from chaotic dynamics are used to illustrate how a visulaization may be an aid to insight. Two examples of displays to aid spatial maneuvering are described. The first, a perspective format for a commercial air traffic display, illustrates how geometric distortion may be introduced to insure that an operator can understand a depicted three-dimensional situation. The second, a display for planning small spacecraft maneuvers, illustrates how the complex counterintuitive character of orbital maneuvering may be made more tractable by removing higher-order nonlinear control dynamics, and allowing independent satisfaction of velocity and plume impingement constraints on orbital changes.

Computer-Aided Engineering Of Cabling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Billitti, Joseph W.

1989-01-01

Program generates data sheets, drawings, and other information on electrical connections. DFACS program, centered around single data base, has built-in menus providing easy input of, and access to, data for all personnel involved in system, subsystem, and cabling. Enables parallel design of circuit-data sheets and drawings of harnesses. Also recombines raw information to generate automatically various project documents and drawings, including index of circuit-data sheets, list of electrical-interface circuits, lists of assemblies and equipment, cabling trees, and drawings of cabling electrical interfaces and harnesses. Purpose of program to provide engineering community with centralized data base for putting in, and gaining access to, functional definition of system as specified in terms of details of pin connections of end circuits of subsystems and instruments and data on harnessing. Primary objective to provide instantaneous single point of interchange of information, thus avoiding

A Critique of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature of the Use of Diagrams, Graphs, and Other Visual Aids in the Learning of Scientific-Technical Content from Expository Texts and Instruction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carifio, James; Perla, Rocco J.

2009-01-01

This article presents a critical review and analysis of key studies that have been done in science education and other areas on the effects and effectiveness of using diagrams, graphs, photographs, illustrations, and concept maps as "adjunct visual aids" in the learning of scientific-technical content. It also summarizes and reviews those studies…

Optical Docking Aid Containing Fresnel Lenses

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pierce, Cole J.

1995-01-01

Proposed device provides self-contained visual cues to aid in docking. Similar to devices used to guide pilots in landing on aircraft carriers. Positions and directions of beams of light give observer visual cues of position relative to docking target point. Optical assemblies generate directed, diverging beams of light that, together, mark approach path to docking point. Conceived for use in docking spacecraft at Space Station Freedom, device adapted to numerous industrial docking and alignment applications.

Cell sheet engineering: a unique nanotechnology for scaffold-free tissue reconstruction with clinical applications in regenerative medicine.

PubMed

Elloumi-Hannachi, I; Yamato, M; Okano, T

2010-01-01

Cell sheet technology (CST) is based on the use of thermoresponsive polymers, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm). The surface of PIPAAms is formulated in such a way as to make its typical thickness <100 nm. In this review, we first focus on how the methods of PIPAAm-grafted surface preparations and functionalization are important to be able to harvest a functional cell sheet, to be further transplanted. Then, we present aspects of tissue mimics and three-dimensional reconstruction of a tissue in vitro. Finally, we give an overview of clinical applications and clinically relevant animal experimentations of the technology, such as cardiomyopathy, visual acuity, periodonty, oesophageal ulcerations and type 1 diabetes.

Forming-Limit Diagrams for Magnesium AZ31B and ZEK100 Alloy Sheets at Elevated Temperatures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Antoniswamy, Aravindha R.; Carpenter, Alexander J.; Carter, Jon T.; Hector, Louis G.; Taleff, Eric M.

2013-11-01

Modern design and manufacturing methodologies for magnesium (Mg) sheet panels require formability data for use in computer-aided design and computer-aided engineering tools. To meet this need, forming-limit diagrams (FLDs) for AZ31B and ZEK100 wrought Mg alloy sheets were developed at elevated temperatures for strain rates of 10-3 and 10-2 s-1. The elevated temperatures investigated range from 250 to 450 °C for AZ31B and 300 to 450 °C for ZEK100. The FLDs were generated using data from uniaxial tension, biaxial bulge, and plane-strain bulge tests, all carried out until specimen rupture. The unique aspect of this study is that data from materials with consistent processing histories were produced using consistent testing techniques across all test conditions. The ZEK100 alloy reaches greater major true strains at rupture, by up to 60%, than the AZ31B alloy for all strain paths at all temperatures and strain rates examined. Formability limits decrease only slightly with a decrease in temperature, less than 30% decrease for AZ31B and less than 35% decrease for ZEK100 as the temperature decreases from 450 to 300 °C. This suggests that forming processes at 250-300 °C are potentially viable for manufacturing complex Mg components.

Electronic Travel Aids for Blind Persons.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hill, Everett W.; Bradfield, Anna L.

1987-01-01

The article describes four of the most widely accepted and utilized Electronic Travel Aids for blind persons--the Lindsay Russell Pathsounder, the Mowat Sensor, the Sonicguide, and the C-5 Laser Cane. Current uses and applications of the four aids for specific populations of visually impaired persons are discussed. (Author)

Your Most Essential Audiovisual Aid--Yourself!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hamp-Lyons, Elizabeth

2012-01-01

Acknowledging that an interested and enthusiastic teacher can create excitement for students and promote learning, the author discusses how teachers can improve their appearance, and, consequently, how their students perceive them. She offers concrete suggestions on how a teacher can be both a "visual aid" and an "audio aid" in the classroom.…

From 1D Polymers to 2D Polymers: Preparation of Free-Standing Single-Monomer-Thick Two-Dimensional Conjugated Polymers in Water.

PubMed

Zhang, Na; Wang, Taisheng; Wu, Xing; Jiang, Chen; Zhang, Taiming; Jin, Bangkun; Ji, Hengxing; Bai, Wei; Bai, Ruke

2017-07-25

Recently, investigation on two-dimensional (2D) organic polymers has made great progress, and conjugated 2D polymers already play a dynamic role in both academic and practical applications. However, a convenient, noninterfacial approach to obtain single-layer 2D polymers in solution, especially in aqueous media, remains challenging. Herein, we present a facile, highly efficient, and versatile "1D to 2D" strategy for preparation of free-standing single-monomer-thick conjugated 2D polymers in water without any aid. The 2D structure was achieved by taking advantage of the side-by-side self-assembly of a rigid amphiphilic 1D polymer and following topochemical photopolymerization in water. The spontaneous formation of single-layer polymer sheets was driven by synergetic association of the hydrophobic interactions, π-π stacking interactions, and electrostatic repulsion. Both the supramolecular sheets and the covalent sheets were confirmed by spectroscopic analyses and electron microscope techniques. Moreover, in comparison of the supramolecular 2D polymer, the covalent 2D polymer sheets exhibited not only higher mechanical strength but also higher conductivity, which can be ascribed to the conjugated network within the covalent 2D polymer sheets.

Visual Aids for Positive Behavior Support of Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kidder, Jaimee E.; McDonnell, Andrea P.

2017-01-01

Research suggests that many children with ASD are visual learners (Quill, 1997) and may struggle to comprehend expectations presented in a verbal mode only. Visually structured interventions present choices, expectations, tasks, and communication exchanges in a way that is appealing and approachable for visual learners. There are many types of…

Effectiveness of Program Visualization: A Case Study with the ViLLE Tool

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rajala, Teemu; Laakso, Mikko-Jussi; Kaila, Erkki; Salakoski, Tapio

2008-01-01

Program visualization is one of the various methods developed over the years to aid novices with their difficulties in learning to program. It consists of different graphical--often animated--and textual objects, visualizing the execution of programs. The aim of program visualization is to enhance students' understanding of different areas of…

Occupational Sequences: Auto Engines 1. AT 121.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Korb, A. W.; And Others

In an attempt to individualize an automotive course, the Vocational-Technical Division of Northern Montana College has developed Occupational Sequences for an engine rebuilding course. Occupational Sequences, a learning or teaching aid, is an analysis of numbered operations involved in engine rebuilding. Job sheets, included in the book, provide a…

Free Teaching Materials: Classroom and Curriculum Aids for Elementary School Science.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Raimist, Roger J.; Mester, Rose A.

Free teaching materials suitable for elementary school science available from 168 agencies and companies are listed. Materials include booklets, teacher's source books and guides, charts and posters, and concrete materials such as mineral samples. Suggestions and materials for student activities range from experiments to song sheets. Topics…

Advisory on Relocatable and Renovated Classrooms. IAQ Info Sheet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

California State Dept. of Health Services, Berkeley.

Many California school districts, in complying with the Class Size Reduction Program, will obtain relocatable classrooms directly from manufacturers who are under no specific guidelines or codes relative to indoor air quality (IAQ). This document, designed to aid school facility managers in minimizing potential IAQ problems, summarizes the indoor…

Watershed modeling applications in south Texas

USGS Publications Warehouse

Pedraza, Diana E.; Ockerman, Darwin J.

2012-01-01

This fact sheet presents an overview of six selected watershed modeling studies by the USGS and partners that address a variety of water-resource issues in south Texas. These studies provide examples of modeling applications and demonstrate the usefulness and versatility of watershed models in aiding the understanding of hydrologic systems.

Technology Education: The New Basic on Target for Florida Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Dept. of Education, Tallahassee. Div. of Applied Tech. and Adult Education.

This document consists of 48 audiovisual aids and information sheets pertaining to technology education (TE) that were used in a presentation to Florida's External Committee on Curriculum Restructuring in Vocational Education. The following are among the topics covered: recent developments in/regarding TE in Florida; factors influencing TE in…

New Hampshire VIEW (Vital Information for Education & Work). 1976 Revised Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paul, Nicholas L.; Skinner, William R.

Designed as an aid to occupational guidance, this document contains 360 alphabetically arranged job descriptions. It is an update of the three-volume "New Hampshire Jobs" series published in 1973. Each job description sheet includes job title, "Dictionary of Occupational Titles" (DOT) number, brief description, skills required, appropriate…

Visual Function in Geriatric Eye Disease

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Faye, Eleanor E.

1971-01-01

Visual functioning, treatment, and helpful low vision aids are discussed in relation to four major eye diseases of the elderly: cataract, macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. (KW)

Altering attentional control settings causes persistent biases of visual attention.

PubMed

Knight, Helen C; Smith, Daniel T; Knight, David C; Ellison, Amanda

2016-01-01

Attentional control settings have an important role in guiding visual behaviour. Previous work within cognitive psychology has found that the deployment of general attentional control settings can be modulated by training. However, research has not yet established whether long-term modifications of one particular type of attentional control setting can be induced. To address this, we investigated persistent alterations to feature search mode, also known as an attentional bias, towards an arbitrary stimulus in healthy participants. Subjects were biased towards the colour green by an information sheet. Attentional bias was assessed using a change detection task. After an interval of either 1 or 2 weeks, participants were then retested on the same change detection task, tested on a different change detection task where colour was irrelevant, or were biased towards an alternative colour. One experiment included trials in which the distractor stimuli (but never the target stimuli) were green. The key finding was that green stimuli in the second task attracted attention, despite this impairing task performance. Furthermore, inducing a second attentional bias did not override the initial bias toward green objects. The attentional bias also persisted for at least two weeks. It is argued that this persistent attentional bias is mediated by a chronic change to participants' attentional control settings, which is aided by long-term representations involving contextual cueing. We speculate that similar changes to attentional control settings and continuous cueing may relate to attentional biases observed in psychopathologies. Targeting these biases may be a productive approach to treatment.

Spatial Visualization by Isometric View

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yue, Jianping

2007-01-01

Spatial visualization is a fundamental skill in technical graphics and engineering designs. From conventional multiview drawing to modern solid modeling using computer-aided design, visualization skills have always been essential for representing three-dimensional objects and assemblies. Researchers have developed various types of tests to measure…

Probability and Visual Aids for Assessing Intervention Effectiveness in Single-Case Designs: A Field Test.

PubMed

Manolov, Rumen; Jamieson, Matthew; Evans, Jonathan J; Sierra, Vicenta

2015-09-01

Single-case data analysis still relies heavily on visual inspection, and, at the same time, it is not clear to what extent the results of different quantitative procedures converge in identifying an intervention effect and its magnitude when applied to the same data; this is the type of evidence provided here for two procedures. One of the procedures, included due to the importance of providing objective criteria to visual analysts, is a visual aid fitting and projecting split-middle trend while taking into account data variability. The other procedure converts several different metrics into probabilities making their results comparable. In the present study, we expore to what extend these two procedures coincide in the magnitude of intervention effect taking place in a set of studies stemming from a recent meta-analysis. The procedures concur to a greater extent with the values of the indices computed and with each other and, to a lesser extent, with our own visual analysis. For distinguishing smaller from larger effects, the probability-based approach seems somewhat better suited. Moreover, the results of the field test suggest that the latter is a reasonably good mechanism for translating different metrics into similar labels. User friendly R code is provided for promoting the use of the visual aid, together with a quantification based on nonoverlap and the label provided by the probability approach. © The Author(s) 2015.

Auditory, visual, and auditory-visual perception of emotions by individuals with cochlear implants, hearing AIDS, and normal hearing.

PubMed

Most, Tova; Aviner, Chen

2009-01-01

This study evaluated the benefits of cochlear implant (CI) with regard to emotion perception of participants differing in their age of implantation, in comparison to hearing aid users and adolescents with normal hearing (NH). Emotion perception was examined by having the participants identify happiness, anger, surprise, sadness, fear, and disgust. The emotional content was placed upon the same neutral sentence. The stimuli were presented in auditory, visual, and combined auditory-visual modes. The results revealed better auditory identification by the participants with NH in comparison to all groups of participants with hearing loss (HL). No differences were found among the groups with HL in each of the 3 modes. Although auditory-visual perception was better than visual-only perception for the participants with NH, no such differentiation was found among the participants with HL. The results question the efficiency of some currently used CIs in providing the acoustic cues required to identify the speaker's emotional state.

Wearing the T-shirt: an exploration of the ideological underpinnings of visual representations of the African body with HIV or AIDS.

PubMed

Bates, Annwen E

2007-04-01

The article takes a hermeneutic approach to exploring a selection of visual representations of the African body in relation to the issue of HIV and AIDS in Africa. In particular, it argues that the trope of 'deficiency' ('lack'), wherein Africa is constructed as dirty, degenerate, decaying and dying, continues in visual representations aimed at a northern or UK audience. In contrast, examples of public health material aimed at a South African audience present a postcolonial counter-discourse where the African body is empowered rather than deficient. These two assumptions and their accompanying visuals parallel two differing narratives about HIV and AIDS in Africa. The article explores the ideological underpinnings of those narratives in four sections: 1) Paper-thin facts presents certain attitudes about Africa and the African body that have come into currency in relation to colonialism; 2) A matter of mor(t)ality examines the relationship between morality and the mortality of the African body; 3) The legacies endure analyses selected images aimed at a potential donor, UK audience with reference to the ideologies proposed in the previous sections; and 4) Wearing the T-shirt engages with the proposed counter-discourse and its visual representations, as evident in a selection of South African public health material.

33 CFR 62.47 - Sound signals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Sound signals. 62.47 Section 62... UNITED STATES AIDS TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM The U.S. Aids to Navigation System § 62.47 Sound signals. (a) Often sound signals are located on or adjacent to aids to navigation. When visual signals are obscured...

33 CFR 62.47 - Sound signals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Sound signals. 62.47 Section 62... UNITED STATES AIDS TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM The U.S. Aids to Navigation System § 62.47 Sound signals. (a) Often sound signals are located on or adjacent to aids to navigation. When visual signals are obscured...

Effect of Visualization (Job Aids) in Facilitating Cognitive Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spaulding, Karen L.; Dwyer, Francis

This study examined the instructional effectiveness with which different job aid types facilitated learner achievement of different types of learning objectives and identified the degree to which low and high prior knowledge individuals profit from different job aid types. The instructional content used in the study was an instructional module on…

33 CFR 62.47 - Sound signals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Sound signals. 62.47 Section 62... UNITED STATES AIDS TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM The U.S. Aids to Navigation System § 62.47 Sound signals. (a) Often sound signals are located on or adjacent to aids to navigation. When visual signals are obscured...

33 CFR 62.47 - Sound signals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Sound signals. 62.47 Section 62... UNITED STATES AIDS TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM The U.S. Aids to Navigation System § 62.47 Sound signals. (a) Often sound signals are located on or adjacent to aids to navigation. When visual signals are obscured...

33 CFR 62.47 - Sound signals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Sound signals. 62.47 Section 62... UNITED STATES AIDS TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM The U.S. Aids to Navigation System § 62.47 Sound signals. (a) Often sound signals are located on or adjacent to aids to navigation. When visual signals are obscured...

Sensory Aids Research Project - Clarke School for the Deaf.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boothroyd, Arthur

Described is a program of research into sensory aids for the deaf, emphasizing research on factors involved in the effective use of sensory aids rather than evaluation of particular devices. Aspects of the program are the development of a programed testing and training unit, the control of fundamental voice frequency using visual feedback, and…

Optical elements formed by compressed gases: Analysis and potential applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Howes, W. L.

1986-01-01

Spherical, cylindrical, and conical shock waves are optically analogous to gas lenses. The geometrical optics of these shock configurations are analyzed as they pertain to flow visualization instruments, particularly the rainbow schlieren apparatus and single-pass interferometers. It is proposed that a lens or mirror formed by gas compressed between plastic sheets has potential as a fluid visualization test object; as the objective mirror in a very large space-based telescope, communication antenna, or energy collector; as the objective mirror in inexpensive commercial telescopes; and as a component in fluid visualization apparatuses.

Visually Storying Living with HIV: Bridging Stressors and Supports in Accessing Care

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schrader, S. M.; Deering, E. N.; Zahl, D. A.; Wallace, M.

2011-01-01

This paper examines how visual narratives may bridge relational understandings between people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH/A) and future oral health care providers. Borrowing from literature in participatory visual methods such as photo elicitation and photovoice, we explored how PLWH/A visually choose to represent their daily lives. This study uses…

Visual Analysis among Novices: Training and Trend Lines as Graphic Aids

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelson, Peter M.; Van Norman, Ethan R.; Christ, Theodore J.

2017-01-01

The current study evaluated the degree to which novice visual analysts could discern trends in simulated time-series data across differing levels of variability and extreme values. Forty-five novice visual analysts were trained in general principles of visual analysis. One group received brief training on how to identify and omit extreme values.…

Measuring the Influence of Galilean Loupe System on Near Visual Acuity of Dentists under Simulated Clinical Conditions

PubMed Central

Urlic, Iris; Verzak, Željko; Vranic, Dubravka Negovetic

2016-01-01

Aim The purpose of this study was to compare near visual acuity of dentists without optical aids (VSC) with near visual acuity of those using the Galilean telescope system (VGA2) with magnification of x 2.5, and the distance of 350 mm in simulated clinical conditions. Methods The study included 46 dentists (visual acuity 1.0 without correction). A visual acuity testing was carried out using a miniaturized Snellen visual acuity chart which was placed in the cavity of molar teeth mounted in a phantom head in simulated clinical conditions. Near visual acuity for the vicinity was examined: 1) without correction at a distance of 300-400 mm (VSC); 2) with Galilean loupes with magnification of x2.5, focal length of 350mm. Results The distributions of near visual acuity recorded using VSC and VGA2, 5 systems were compared by the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. The results obtained by Wilcoxon Signed Rank test pointed to a statistically significant difference in the distribution of recorded visual acuity between the VSC and VGA2 optical systems (W = - 403.5; p <0.001). Conclusion If using the VGA2, 5 systems, higher values of the near visual acuity were recorded and subsequently compared to near visual acuity without magnifying aids (VSC). PMID:27847397

Measuring the Influence of Galilean Loupe System on Near Visual Acuity of Dentists under Simulated Clinical Conditions.

PubMed

Urlic, Iris; Verzak, Željko; Vranic, Dubravka Negovetic

2016-09-01

The purpose of this study was to compare near visual acuity of dentists without optical aids (VSC) with near visual acuity of those using the Galilean telescope system (VGA2) with magnification of x 2.5, and the distance of 350 mm in simulated clinical conditions. The study included 46 dentists (visual acuity 1.0 without correction). A visual acuity testing was carried out using a miniaturized Snellen visual acuity chart which was placed in the cavity of molar teeth mounted in a phantom head in simulated clinical conditions. Near visual acuity for the vicinity was examined: 1) without correction at a distance of 300-400 mm (VSC); 2) with Galilean loupes with magnification of x2.5, focal length of 350mm. The distributions of near visual acuity recorded using VSC and VGA2, 5 systems were compared by the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. The results obtained by Wilcoxon Signed Rank test pointed to a statistically significant difference in the distribution of recorded visual acuity between the VSC and VGA2 optical systems (W = - 403.5; p <0.001). If using the VGA2, 5 systems, higher values of the near visual acuity were recorded and subsequently compared to near visual acuity without magnifying aids (VSC).

Effectiveness of aides in a perceptual motor training program for children with learning disabilities.

PubMed

Gersten, J W; Foppe, K B; Gersten, R; Maxwell, S; Mirrett, P; Gipson, M; Houston, H; Grueter, B

1975-03-01

A program for children with learning disabilities associated with perceptual deficits was designed that included elements of gross and fine motor coordination, visual and somatosensory perceptual training, dance, art, music and language. The effectiveness of nonprofessional "perceptual-aides," who were trained in this program, was evaluated. Twenty-eight children with learning disabilities associated with perceptual deficits were treated by occupational, physical, recreational and language therapists; and 27 similarly involved children were treated by two aides, under supervision, after training by therapists. Treatment in both groups was for four hours weekly over a four to seven month period. There was significant improvement in motor skills, visual and somatosensory perception, language and educational skills in the two programs. Although there was no significant difference between the two groups, there was a slight advantage to the aide program. The cost of the aide program was 10 percent higher than the therapist program during the first year, but 22 percent lower than the therapist program during the second year.

The effects of stabilizing and destabilizing longitudinal curvature on the structure of turbulent, two-stream mixing layers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Plesniak, Michael W.; Johnston, J. P.

1989-01-01

The construction and development of the multi-component traversing system and associated control hardware and software are presented. A hydrogen bubble/laser sheet flow visualization technique was developed to visually study the characteristics of the mixing layers. With this technique large-scale rollers arising from the Taylor-Gortler instability and its interaction with the primary Kelvin-Helmholtz structures can be studied.

Using Visuals To Develop Reading Vocabulary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bazeli, Marilyn J.; Olle, Ruth E.

This paper discusses research findings regarding vocabulary instruction and reading comprehension and suggests methods to develop vocabulary using visual aids. As indicated by the research, vocabulary instruction is necessary and can lead to improved comprehension; there also appears to be a strong need to relate concrete visual experiences to…

Low cost light-sheet microscopy for whole brain imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Manish; Nasenbeny, Jordan; Kozorovitskiy, Yevgenia

2018-02-01

Light-sheet microscopy has evolved as an indispensable tool in imaging biological samples. It can image 3D samples at fast speed, with high-resolution optical sectioning, and with reduced photobleaching effects. These properties make light-sheet microscopy ideal for imaging fluorophores in a variety of biological samples and organisms, e.g. zebrafish, drosophila, cleared mouse brains, etc. While most commercial turnkey light-sheet systems are expensive, the existing lower cost implementations, e.g. OpenSPIM, are focused on achieving high-resolution imaging of small samples or organisms like zebrafish. In this work, we substantially reduce the cost of light-sheet microscope system while targeting to image much larger samples, i.e. cleared mouse brains, at single-cell resolution. The expensive components of a lightsheet system - excitation laser, water-immersion objectives, and translation stage - are replaced with an incoherent laser diode, dry objectives, and a custom-built Arduino-controlled translation stage. A low-cost CUBIC protocol is used to clear fixed mouse brain samples. The open-source platforms of μManager and Fiji support image acquisition, processing, and visualization. Our system can easily be extended to multi-color light-sheet microscopy.

Phototaxis and polarotaxis hand in hand: night dispersal flight of aquatic insects distracted synergistically by light intensity and reflection polarization.

PubMed

Boda, Pál; Horváth, Gábor; Kriska, György; Blahó, Miklós; Csabai, Zoltán

2014-05-01

Based on an earlier observation in the field, we hypothesized that light intensity and horizontally polarized reflected light may strongly influence the flight behaviour of night-active aquatic insects. We assumed that phototaxis and polarotaxis together have a more harmful effect on the dispersal flight of these insects than they would have separately. We tested this hypothesis in a multiple-choice field experiment using horizontal test surfaces laid on the ground. We offered simultaneously the following visual stimuli for aerial aquatic insects: (1) lamplit matte black canvas inducing phototaxis alone, (2) unlit shiny black plastic sheet eliciting polarotaxis alone, (3) lamplit shiny black plastic sheet inducing simultaneously phototaxis and polarotaxis, and (4) unlit matte black canvas as a visually unattractive control. The unlit matte black canvas trapped only a negligible number (13) of water insects. The sum (16,432) of the total numbers of water beetles and bugs captured on the lamplit matte black canvas (7,922) and the unlit shiny black plastic sheet (8,510) was much smaller than the total catch (29,682) caught on the lamplit shiny black plastic sheet. This provides experimental evidence for the synergistic interaction of phototaxis (elicited by the unpolarized direct lamplight) and polarotaxis (induced by the strongly and horizontally polarized plastic-reflected light) in the investigated aquatic insects. Thus, horizontally polarizing artificial lamplit surfaces can function as an effective ecological trap due to this synergism of optical cues, especially in the urban environment.

Phototaxis and polarotaxis hand in hand: night dispersal flight of aquatic insects distracted synergistically by light intensity and reflection polarization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boda, Pál; Horváth, Gábor; Kriska, György; Blahó, Miklós; Csabai, Zoltán

2014-05-01

Based on an earlier observation in the field, we hypothesized that light intensity and horizontally polarized reflected light may strongly influence the flight behaviour of night-active aquatic insects. We assumed that phototaxis and polarotaxis together have a more harmful effect on the dispersal flight of these insects than they would have separately. We tested this hypothesis in a multiple-choice field experiment using horizontal test surfaces laid on the ground. We offered simultaneously the following visual stimuli for aerial aquatic insects: (1) lamplit matte black canvas inducing phototaxis alone, (2) unlit shiny black plastic sheet eliciting polarotaxis alone, (3) lamplit shiny black plastic sheet inducing simultaneously phototaxis and polarotaxis, and (4) unlit matte black canvas as a visually unattractive control. The unlit matte black canvas trapped only a negligible number (13) of water insects. The sum (16,432) of the total numbers of water beetles and bugs captured on the lamplit matte black canvas (7,922) and the unlit shiny black plastic sheet (8,510) was much smaller than the total catch (29,682) caught on the lamplit shiny black plastic sheet. This provides experimental evidence for the synergistic interaction of phototaxis (elicited by the unpolarized direct lamplight) and polarotaxis (induced by the strongly and horizontally polarized plastic-reflected light) in the investigated aquatic insects. Thus, horizontally polarizing artificial lamplit surfaces can function as an effective ecological trap due to this synergism of optical cues, especially in the urban environment.

Materials Safety Data Sheets: the basis for control of toxic chemicals

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ketchen, E.E.; Porter, W.E.

1979-09-01

The Material Safety Data Sheets contained in this volume are the basis for the Toxic Chemical Control Program developed by the Industrial Hygiene Department, Health Division, ORNL. The three volumes are the update and expansion of ORNL/TM-5721 and ORNL/TM-5722 Material Safety Data Sheets: The Basis for Control of Toxic Chemicals, Volume I and Volume II. As such, they are a valuable adjunct to the data cards issued with specific chemicals. The chemicals are identified by name, stores catalog number where appropriate, and sequence numbers from the NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, 1977 Edition, if available. The datamore » sheets were developed and compiled to aid in apprising the employees of hazards peculiar to the handling and/or use of specific toxic chemicals. Space limitation necessitate the use of descriptive medical terms and toxicological abbreviations. A glossary and an abbreviation list were developed to define some of those sometimes unfamiliar terms and abbreviations. The page numbers are keyed to the catalog number in the chemical stores at ORNL.« less

Materials Safety Data Sheets: the basis for control of toxic chemicals

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ketchen, E.E.; Porter, W.E.

The Material Safety Data Sheets contained in this volume are the basis for the Toxic Chemical Control Program developed by the Industrial Hygiene Department, Health Division, ORNL. The three volumes are the update and expansion of ORNL/TM-5721 and ORNL/TM-5722 Material Safety Data Sheets: The Basis for Control of Toxic Chemicals, Volume I and Volume II. As such, they are a valuable adjunct to the data cards issued with specific chemicals. The chemicals are identified by name, stores catalog number where appropriate, and sequence numbers from the NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, 1977 Edition, if available. The datamore » sheets were developed and compiled to aid in apprising the employees of hazards peculiar to the handling and/or use of specific toxic chemicals. Space limitation necessitate the use of descriptive medical terms and toxicological abbreviations. A glossary and an abbreviation list were developed to define some of those sometimes unfamiliar terms and abbreviations. The page numbers are keyed to the catalog number in the chemical stores at ORNL.« less

An Origami Approximation to the Cosmic Web

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Neyrinck, Mark C.

2016-10-01

The powerful Lagrangian view of structure formation was essentially introduced to cosmology by Zel'dovich. In the current cosmological paradigm, a dark-matter-sheet 3D manifold, inhabiting 6D position-velocity phase space, was flat (with vanishing velocity) at the big bang. Afterward, gravity stretched and bunched the sheet together in different places, forming a cosmic web when projected to the position coordinates. Here, I explain some properties of an origami approximation, in which the sheet does not stretch or contract (an assumption that is false in general), but is allowed to fold. Even without stretching, the sheet can form an idealized cosmic web, with convex polyhedral voids separated by straight walls and filaments, joined by convex polyhedral nodes. The nodes form in `polygonal' or `polyhedral' collapse, somewhat like spherical/ellipsoidal collapse, except incorporating simultaneous filament and wall formation. The origami approximation allows phase-space geometries of nodes, filaments, and walls to be more easily understood, and may aid in understanding spin correlations between nearby galaxies. This contribution explores kinematic origami-approximation models giving velocity fields for the first time.

Frustules to fragments, diatoms to dust: How degradation of microfossil shape and microstructures can teach us how ice sheets work

USGS Publications Warehouse

Scherer, R.P.; Sjunneskog, C.M.; Iverson, M.R.; Hooyer, T.S.

2005-01-01

In a laboratory experiment we investigated micro- and nanoscale changes in fossil diatom valves and in the texture of diatomaceous sediments that result from ice sheet overburden and subglacial shearing. Our experiment included compression and shearing of Antarctic diatom-rich sediments in a ring shear device and comparison of experimental samples with natural glacial sediments from the Antarctic continental shelf. The purpose of the experiment is to establish objective criteria for analyzing subglacial processes and interpreting the origin of glacial-geologic features on the Antarctic continental shelf. We find distinct changes resulting from different glacial settings, with respect to whole diatom frustules, diatom micromorphology, and microtextural properties of sedimentary units. By providing constraints on subglacial shearing, these observations of genetically controlled micro- and nanoscale diatom structures and architecture are contributing to the understanding of large-scale glacial processes, aiding the development of models of modern ice sheet processes, and guiding interpretation of past ice sheet configurations. Copyright ?? 2005 American Scientific Publishers. All rights reserved.

Design and Implementation of an Experimental Cataloging Advisor--Mapper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ercegovac, Zorana; Borko, Harold

1992-01-01

Describes the design of an experimental computer-aided cataloging advisor, Mapper, that was developed to help novice users with the descriptive cataloging of single-sheet maps from U.S. publishers. The human-computer interface is considered, the use of HyperCard is discussed, the knowledge base is explained, and assistance screens are described.…

Infant Family Day Care Training: Discussion and Workshop Sheets.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lauritzen, Phyllis; McClain, Doris G.

Training materials for family day care providers are offered in this document in the form of pages providing topics for discussion and suggested workshop activities. Discussion materials consist of prototype forms for gathering data and keeping records, as well as guidelines for caregiving functions such as feeding, first aid, arranging the home…

Radiology Aide. Instructor Key [and] Student Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hartwein, Jon; Dunham, John

This manual can be used independently by students in secondary health occupations programs or by persons receiving on-the-job training in a radiology department. The manual includes an instructor's key that provides answers to the activity sheets and unit evaluations. The manual consists of the following five units: (1) orientation to radiology;…

Long-term Outcomes of Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in the Era of Modern Antiretroviral Therapy; Results from a United States Cohort

PubMed Central

Jabs, Douglas A.; Ahuja, Alka; Van Natta, Mark L.; Lyon, Alice T.; Yeh, Steven; Danis, Ronald

2015-01-01

Objectives To describe the long-term outcomes of patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)in the modern era of combination antiretroviral therapy. Design Prospective, observational, cohort study Participants Patients with AIDS and CMV retinitis Testing Immune recovery, defined as a CD4+ T cell count>100 cells/μL for ≥ 3 months. Main outcome measures Mortality, visual impairment (visual acuity worse than 20/40) and blindness (visual acuity 20/200 or worse) on logarithmic visual acuity charts, loss of visual field on quantitative Goldmann perimetry. Results Patients without immune recovery had a mortality of 44.4/100 person years (PY), and a median survival of 13.5 months after the diagnosis of CMV retinitis, whereas those with immune recovery had a mortality of 2.7/100 PY (P<0.001), and an estimated median survival of 27.0 years after the diagnosis of CMV retinitis. The rates of bilateral visual impairment and blindness were 0.9/100 PY and 0.4/100 PY, respectively, and were similar between those with and without immune recovery. Among those with immune recovery, the rate of visual field loss was ~1% of the normal field/year, whereas among those without immune recovery it was ~7% of the normal field/year. Conclusions Among persons with CMV retinitis and AIDS, if there is immune recovery, long-term survival is likely, whereas if there is no immune recovery, the mortality rate is substantial. Although higher than the rates seen in the non-HIV-infected population, the rates of bilateral visual impairment and blindness are low, especially when compared to rates seen in the era before modern antiretroviral therapy. PMID:25892019

Long-term Outcomes of Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in the Era of Modern Antiretroviral Therapy: Results from a United States Cohort.

PubMed

Jabs, Douglas A; Ahuja, Alka; Van Natta, Mark L; Lyon, Alice T; Yeh, Steven; Danis, Ronald

2015-07-01

To describe the long-term outcomes of patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and AIDS in the modern era of combination antiretroviral therapy. Prospective, observational cohort study. Patients with AIDS and CMV retinitis. Immune recovery, defined as a CD4+ T-cell count >100 cells/μl for ≥3 months. Mortality, visual impairment (visual acuity <20/40), and blindness (visual acuity ≤20/200) on logarithmic visual acuity charts and loss of visual field on quantitative Goldmann perimetry. Patients without immune recovery had a mortality of 44.4/100 person-years (PYs) and a median survival of 13.5 months after the diagnosis of CMV retinitis, whereas those with immune recovery had a mortality of 2.7/100 PYs (P < 0.001) and an estimated median survival of 27.0 years after the diagnosis of CMV retinitis. The rates of bilateral visual impairment and blindness were 0.9 and 0.4/100 PYs, respectively, and were similar between those with and without immune recovery. Among those with immune recovery, the rate of visual field loss was approximately 1% of the normal field per year, whereas among those without immune recovery it was approximately 7% of the normal field per year. Among persons with CMV retinitis and AIDS, if there is immune recovery, long-term survival is likely, whereas if there is no immune recovery, the mortality rate is substantial. Although higher than the rates in the population not infected by human immunodeficiency virus, the rates of bilateral visual impairment and blindness are low, especially when compared with rates in the era before modern antiretroviral therapy. Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Case Report: Use of Sports and Performance Vision Training to Benefit a Low-vision Patient's Function.

PubMed

Laby, Daniel M

2018-05-17

Despite our inability to attenuate the course of many ocular diseases that can ultimately lead to loss or significantly decreased visual function, this report describes a potential technique to aid such patients in maximizing the use of the vision that remains. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the applicability of utilizing sports vision training to improve objective and subjective visuomotor function in a low-vision patient. A 37-year-old woman with Usher syndrome presented with reduced central visual acuity and visual field. Although we were unable to reverse the damage resulting from her diagnosis, we were able to improve the use of the remaining vision. A 27 to 31% improvement in hand-eye coordination was achieved along with a 41% improvement in object tracking and visual concentration. Most importantly, following the 14-week training period, there was also a subjective improvement in the patient's appreciation of her visual ability. The sports vision literature cites many examples in which sports vision training is useful in improving visuomotor and on-field performance. We hypothesized that these techniques may be used to aid not only athletes but also patients with low vision. Despite suffering from reduced acuity and a limited visual field, these patients often still have a significant amount of vision ability that can be used to guide motor actions. Using techniques to increase the efficient use of this remaining vision may reduce the impact of the reduced visual function and aid in activities of daily living.

NREL Software Aids Offshore Wind Turbine Designs (Fact Sheet)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

2013-10-01

NREL researchers are supporting offshore wind power development with computer models that allow detailed analyses of both fixed and floating offshore wind turbines. While existing computer-aided engineering (CAE) models can simulate the conditions and stresses that a land-based wind turbine experiences over its lifetime, offshore turbines require the additional considerations of variations in water depth, soil type, and wind and wave severity, which also necessitate the use of a variety of support-structure types. NREL's core wind CAE tool, FAST, models the additional effects of incident waves, sea currents, and the foundation dynamics of the support structures.

Visual Representation of Rational Belief Revision: Another Look at the Sleeping Beauty Problem

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-29

Retamero and Cokely , 2013). Visual representation is thought to facilitate performance by externalizing the set-subset relations among observa- tional... Cokely , E. T. (2013). Communicating health risks with visual aids. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 22, 392–399. doi: 10.1177/0963721413491570 Horgan, T. (2004

The Research Priorities of People with Visual Impairments in the Netherlands

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schölvinck, Anne-Floor M.; Pittens, Carina A. C. M.; Broerse, Jacqueline E. W.

2017-01-01

Introduction: Despite the relatively high prevalence and challenges of visual impairments, limited funding is available for ophthalmologic research in the Netherlands. The research needs of people with visual impairments could aid the ophthalmological research community to optimally distribute research resources. The objective of the study…

Machine Vision Within The Framework Of Collective Neural Assemblies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gupta, Madan M.; Knopf, George K.

1990-03-01

The proposed mechanism for designing a robust machine vision system is based on the dynamic activity generated by the various neural populations embedded in nervous tissue. It is postulated that a hierarchy of anatomically distinct tissue regions are involved in visual sensory information processing. Each region may be represented as a planar sheet of densely interconnected neural circuits. Spatially localized aggregates of these circuits represent collective neural assemblies. Four dynamically coupled neural populations are assumed to exist within each assembly. In this paper we present a state-variable model for a tissue sheet derived from empirical studies of population dynamics. Each population is modelled as a nonlinear second-order system. It is possible to emulate certain observed physiological and psychophysiological phenomena of biological vision by properly programming the interconnective gains . Important early visual phenomena such as temporal and spatial noise insensitivity, contrast sensitivity and edge enhancement will be discussed for a one-dimensional tissue model.

Hearsay: A Text for Listening. English for Special Purposes Series: Nursing Aide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, Marybeth; Hubbard, Katherine E.

This is the student handbook for the listening comprehension portion of a course in English as a second language for adult nursing aide students. Eleven units cover basic nursing skills. Each unit consists of combinations of stories, lectures, and dictations read by the teacher often with visual aids. There are "practice listening" sessions and…

Teacher's Manual for Hearsay. English for Special Purposes Series: Nursing Aide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, Marybeth; Hubbard, Katherine E.

This is the teacher's manual for the listening comprehension portion of a course in English as a second language for adult nursing aide students. Eleven units cover basic nursing skills. Each unit consists of combinations of stories, lectures, and dictations read by the teacher, often with visual aids. There are "practice listening" sessions and…

[Tuberculosis of the lymph nodes with esophageal-cutaneous fistula in a patient with AIDS].

PubMed

Garlicki, A; Kowalski, P; Kluba-Wojewoda, U; Kleinrok, K; Caban, J

1996-06-01

A case of patient with the tuberculosis of lymph nodes and esophago-cutaneous fistula in the course of AIDS has been presented. A valve has been formed within fistula enabling to visualize a free passage only after an oral contrast administration. It is worth noting that tuberculosis frequently accompany severe course of AIDS.

Gaze Patterns in Auditory-Visual Perception of Emotion by Children with Hearing Aids and Hearing Children

PubMed Central

Wang, Yifang; Zhou, Wei; Cheng, Yanhong; Bian, Xiaoying

2017-01-01

This study investigated eye-movement patterns during emotion perception for children with hearing aids and hearing children. Seventy-eight participants aged from 3 to 7 were asked to watch videos with a facial expression followed by an oral statement, and these two cues were either congruent or incongruent in emotional valence. Results showed that while hearing children paid more attention to the upper part of the face, children with hearing aids paid more attention to the lower part of the face after the oral statement was presented, especially for the neutral facial expression/neutral oral statement condition. These results suggest that children with hearing aids have an altered eye contact pattern with others and a difficulty in matching visual and voice cues in emotion perception. The negative cause and effect of these gaze patterns should be avoided in earlier rehabilitation for hearing-impaired children with assistive devices. PMID:29312104

HUBBLE AND KECK TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF ACTIVE ASTEROID 288P/300163 (2006 VW139)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Agarwal, Jessica; Jewitt, David; Weaver, Harold

We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Keck 10 m telescope observations of active asteroid 288P/300163 (2006 VW139) taken to examine ejected dust. The nucleus is a C-type object with absolute magnitude H{sub V} = 17.0 ± 0.1 and estimated diameter ∼2.6 km (for assumed visual geometric albedo p{sub V} = 0.04). Variations in the brightness of the nucleus at the 10%–15% level are significant in both 2011 December and 2012 October but we possess too few data to distinguish variations caused by activity from those caused by rotation. The dust scattering cross-section in 2011 December is ∼40 km{sup 2},more » corresponding to a dust mass ∼9 × 10{sup 6} kg (88 μm mean particle radius assumed). The FWHM of the debris sheet varies from ∼100 km near the nucleus to ∼1000 km 30″ (40,000 km) east of it. Dust dynamical models indicate ejection speeds between 0.06 and 0.3 m s{sup −1}, particle sizes between 10 and 300 μm and an inverse square-root relation between particle size and velocity. Overall, the data are most simply explained by prolonged, low velocity ejection of dust, starting in or before 2011 July and continuing until at least 2011 October. These properties are consistent with the sublimation of near-surface ice aided by centrifugal forces. The high spatial resolution of our HST images (52 km pixel{sup −1}) reveals details that remained hidden in previous ground-based observations, such as the extraordinarily small vertical extent of the dust sheet, ejection speeds well below the nucleus escape speed, and the possibility of a binary nucleus.« less

Estimation of gender using cheiloscopy and dermatoglyphics

PubMed Central

Tandon, Aanchal; Srivastava, Abhinav; Jaiswal, Rohit; Patidar, Madhvika; Khare, Aashish

2017-01-01

Background and Objective: Forensic dentistry plays a vital role in detection and resolution of crime, civil proceedings and personal identification. With ever-increasing demands placed upon law enforcement to provide sufficient physical evidence linking a perpetrator to a crime, it makes sense to utilize any type of physical characteristic to identify a suspect of an offense. The least invasive and cost-effective procedure among all methods of human identification is the study of lip prints and fingerprints. This study is done to determine the predominant pattern of fingerprint and lip print in males and females and to correlate it for gender identification. Materials and Methods: The study sample comprised 100 individuals (50 males and 50 females) aged between 20 and 50 years; dark-colored lipstick was applied uniformly on the lips. The glued portion of cellophane tape was dabbed first in the center and then pressed uniformly over the corner of lips. Cellophane tape was then stuck to a white chart sheet for the purpose of permanent record. Lip print patterns were analyzed following the classification of Suzuki and Tsuchihashi. The imprint of left thumb was taken on a white chart sheet using a blue ink stamp pad and visualized using magnifying lens. Fingerprints were analyzed by following the classification given by Kücken. Correlation of lip print and fingerprint was analyzed using Chi-square test. Results: The overall correlation of lip prints with fingerprints in males revealed branched lip pattern associated with whorl fingerprint and in females as vertical lip print pattern associated with loop fingerprint. Conclusion: We conclude that the study between lip print and fingerprint can aid in gender determination. PMID:29386811

Measuring listening effort: driving simulator vs. simple dual-task paradigm

PubMed Central

Wu, Yu-Hsiang; Aksan, Nazan; Rizzo, Matthew; Stangl, Elizabeth; Zhang, Xuyang; Bentler, Ruth

2014-01-01

Objectives The dual-task paradigm has been widely used to measure listening effort. The primary objectives of the study were to (1) investigate the effect of hearing aid amplification and a hearing aid directional technology on listening effort measured by a complicated, more real world dual-task paradigm, and (2) compare the results obtained with this paradigm to a simpler laboratory-style dual-task paradigm. Design The listening effort of adults with hearing impairment was measured using two dual-task paradigms, wherein participants performed a speech recognition task simultaneously with either a driving task in a simulator or a visual reaction-time task in a sound-treated booth. The speech materials and road noises for the speech recognition task were recorded in a van traveling on the highway in three hearing aid conditions: unaided, aided with omni directional processing (OMNI), and aided with directional processing (DIR). The change in the driving task or the visual reaction-time task performance across the conditions quantified the change in listening effort. Results Compared to the driving-only condition, driving performance declined significantly with the addition of the speech recognition task. Although the speech recognition score was higher in the OMNI and DIR conditions than in the unaided condition, driving performance was similar across these three conditions, suggesting that listening effort was not affected by amplification and directional processing. Results from the simple dual-task paradigm showed a similar trend: hearing aid technologies improved speech recognition performance, but did not affect performance in the visual reaction-time task (i.e., reduce listening effort). The correlation between listening effort measured using the driving paradigm and the visual reaction-time task paradigm was significant. The finding showing that our older (56 to 85 years old) participants’ better speech recognition performance did not result in reduced listening effort was not consistent with literature that evaluated younger (approximately 20 years old), normal hearing adults. Because of this, a follow-up study was conducted. In the follow-up study, the visual reaction-time dual-task experiment using the same speech materials and road noises was repeated on younger adults with normal hearing. Contrary to findings with older participants, the results indicated that the directional technology significantly improved performance in both speech recognition and visual reaction-time tasks. Conclusions Adding a speech listening task to driving undermined driving performance. Hearing aid technologies significantly improved speech recognition while driving, but did not significantly reduce listening effort. Listening effort measured by dual-task experiments using a simulated real-world driving task and a conventional laboratory-style task was generally consistent. For a given listening environment, the benefit of hearing aid technologies on listening effort measured from younger adults with normal hearing may not be fully translated to older listeners with hearing impairment. PMID:25083599

The development of an indoor mobility course for the evaluation of electronic mobility aids for persons who are visually impaired.

PubMed

Roentgen, Uta R; Gelderblom, Gert Jan; de Witte, Luc P

2012-01-01

To develop a suitable mobility course for the assessment of mobility performance as part of a user evaluation of Electronic Mobility Aids (EMA) aimed at obstacle detection and orientation. A review of the literature led to a list of critical factors for the assessment of mobility performance of persons who are visually impaired. Based upon that list, method, test situations, and determining elements were selected and presented to Dutch orientation and mobility experts. Due to expert advice and a pilot study, minor changes were made and the final version was used for the evaluation of two EMA by eight persons who are visually impaired. The results of the literature study are summarized in an overview of critical factors for the assessment of the mobility performance of persons who are visually impaired. Applied to the requirements of the above mentioned user evaluation a replicable indoor mobility course has been described in detail and tested. Based upon evidence from literature an indoor mobility course has been developed, which was sensitive to assess differences in mobility incidents and obstacle detection when using an EMA compared to the regular mobility aid. Experts' opinion confirmed its face and content validity.

Thin lead sheets in the decorative features in Pavia Charterhouse.

PubMed

Colombo, Chiara; Realini, Marco; Sansonetti, Antonio; Rampazzi, Laura; Casadio, Francesca

2006-01-01

The facade of the church of the Pavia Charterhouse, built at the end of the 15th century, shows outstanding decorative features made of different stone materials, such as marbles, breccias and sandstones. Magnificent ornamental elements are made of thin lead sheets, and some marble slabs are inlaid with them. Metal elements are shaped in complex geometric and phytomorphic design, to form a Greek fret in black contrasting with the white Carrara marble. Lead pins were fixed to the back of the thin lead sheets with the aim of attaching the metal elements to the marble; in so doing the pins and the lead sheets constitute a single piece of metal. In some areas, lead elements have been lost, and they have been substituted with a black plaster, matching the colour of the metal. To the authors' knowledge, this kind of decorative technique is rare, and confirms the refinement of Renaissance Lombard architecture. This work reports on the results of an extensive survey of the white, orange and yellowish layers, which are present on the external surface of the lead. The thin lead sheets have been characterized and their state of conservation has been studied with the aid of Optical Microscopy, SEM-EDS, FTIR and Raman analyses. Lead sulphate, lead carbonates and oxides have been identified as decay products.

Bridging Redox Species-Coated Graphene Oxide Sheets to Electrode for Extending Battery Life Using Nanocomposite Electrolyte.

PubMed

Huang, Yi Fu; Ruan, Wen Hong; Lin, Dong Ling; Zhang, Ming Qiu

2017-01-11

Substituting conventional electrolyte for redox electrolyte has provided a new intriguing method for extending battery life. The efficiency of utilizing the contained redox species (RS) in the redox electrolyte can benefit from increasing the specific surface area of battery electrodes from the electrode side of the electrode-electrolyte interface, but is not limited to that. Herein, a new strategy using nanocomposite electrolyte is proposed to enlarge the interface with the aid of nanoinclusions from the electrolyte side. To do this, graphene oxide (GO) sheets are first dispersed in the electrolyte solution of tungstosilicic salt/lithium sulfate/poly(vinyl alcohol) (SiWLi/Li 2 SO 4 /PVA), and then the sheets are bridged to electrode, after casting and evaporating the solution on the electrode surface. By applying in situ conductive atomic force microscopy and Raman spectra, it is confirmed that the GO sheets doped with RS of SiWLi/Li 2 SO 4 can be bridged and electrically reduced as an extended electrode-electrolyte interface. As a result, the RS-coated GO sheets bridged to LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 //LiMn 2 O 4 battery electrodes are found to deliver extra energy capacity (∼30 mAh/g) with excellent electrochemical cycling stability, which successfully extends the battery life by over 50%.

Surface water hydrology and the Greenland Ice Sheet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, L. C.; Yang, K.; Pitcher, L. H.; Overstreet, B. T.; Chu, V. W.; Rennermalm, A. K.; Cooper, M. G.; Gleason, C. J.; Ryan, J.; Hubbard, A.; Tedesco, M.; Behar, A.

2016-12-01

Mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet now exceeds 260 Gt/year, raising global sea level by >0.7 mm annually. Approximately two-thirds of this total mass loss is now driven by negative ice sheet surface mass balance (SMB), attributed mainly to production and runoff of meltwater from the ice sheet surface. This new dominance of runoff as a driver of GrIS total mass loss will likely persist owing to anticipated further increases in surface melting, reduced meltwater storage in firn, and the waning importance of dynamical mass losses (ice calving) as the ice sheets retreat from their marine-terminating margins. It also creates the need and opportunity for integrative research pairing traditional surface water hydrology approaches with glaciology. As one example, we present a way to measure supraglacial "runoff" (i.e. specific discharge) at the supraglacial catchment scale ( 101-102 km2), using in situ measurements of supraglacial river discharge and high-resolution satellite/drone mapping of upstream catchment area. This approach, which is standard in terrestrial hydrology but novel for ice sheet science, enables independent verification and improvement of modeled SMB runoff estimates used to project sea level rise. Furthermore, because current SMB models do not consider the role of fluvial watershed processes operating on the ice surface, inclusion of even a simple surface routing model materially improves simulations of runoff delivered to moulins, the critical pathways for meltwater entry into the ice sheet. Incorporating principles of surface water hydrology and fluvial geomorphology and into glaciological models will thus aid estimates of Greenland meltwater runoff to the global ocean as well as connections to subglacial hydrology and ice sheet dynamics.

How to effectively design and create a concept mobile application to aid in the management of type 1 diabetes in adolescents.

PubMed

McCulloch, Victoria; Hope, Sarah; Loranger, Brian; Rea, Paul

2017-07-01

Diabetes is one of the most prevalent chronic health conditions in the world; with a range of diabetes-related mobile applications available to the public to aid in glycaemic control and self-management. Statistically, adherence to medication is extremely low in adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), therefore, this paper focuses on the research and design of an interactive and educational concept mobile application aimed at early to mid-adolescents to aid in their understanding of T1DM. As visual elements are an essential part of the design, this research outlines how visual components were designed specifically for adolescents with T1DM.

14 CFR 121.117 - Airports: Required data.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... and communications aids, and ATC. (b) Each certificate holder conducting supplemental operations must...)Navigational and communications aids. (iv)Construction affecting takeoff, landing, or ground operations. (v)Air... information. (i)Runway visual range measurement equipment. (ii)Prevailing winds under low visibility...

Programs to optimize adherence in glaucoma.

PubMed

Kowing, Dianne; Messer, Dawn; Slagle, Scott; Wasik, Alyon

2010-07-01

This study was designed to raise awareness of the materials, devices, and Internet resources available to improve adherence to use of medications for the treatment of glaucoma and to review new devices under development. A review of current indexed literature and Internet resources was conducted. A variety of educational brochures, pamphlets, and fact sheets promoting adherence to ocular hypotensive medications are available through multiple organizations and are easily accessed and ordered on the Internet. Video and Web-based patient educational tools have been designed to support patient adherence to glaucoma management plans and promote open dialogue between patients and providers. Reminder and recall systems that integrate with office software can be sent to cell phones as well as e-mails and personal digital assistant (PDAs), alerting patients to upcoming appointments and reminding them to instill their drops. Bottle devices with dosing support (timers with audible and visual signals and dispensing aids) and electronic monitoring have been shown to promote adherence. New products currently under development to improve the delivery of medications include nanoparticles, punctal plugs, and contact lenses that release glaucoma medications. Many educational materials, services, Internet resources, and devices are available to optometrists to encourage patient adherence to glaucoma treatment and management. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Aviation medicine translations : annotated bibliography of recently translated material, V .

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1968-04-01

An annotated bibliography of translations of foreign-language articles is presented. The 24 entries are concerned with studies in aviation medicine, vestibular function, hearing, intercontinental flight, visual illusions, aviation visual aids, body t...

What Can a Teacher Do with a Cellphone? Using Participatory Visual Research to Speak Back in Addressing HIV & AIDS

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mitchell, Claudia; de Lange, Naydene

2013-01-01

The ubiquity of cellphones in South Africa, a country ravaged by HIV and AIDS, makes cellphones an easily accessible tool to use in participatory approaches to addressing HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) and AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)issues, particularly in school contexts. In this article we explore a participatory visual…

Health Education in Practice. Taking the Quilt to the Classroom: A Lesson about the Names Project AIDS Memorial Quilt.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Voss, Victoria; Frauenknecht, Marianne

1996-01-01

Presents ideas for a lesson that allows elementary and secondary students to experience an iconic representation of the Names Project AIDS Memorial Quilt in the classroom. By visualizing the quilt exhibit through pictures of individual panels, students can develop a greater appreciation of the human toll taken by the AIDS epidemic. (SM)

Smart photonic coating as a new visualization technique of strain deformation of metal plates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fudouzi, Hiroshi; Sawada, Tsutomu; Tanaka, Yoshikazu; Ario, Ichiro; Hyakutake, Tsuyoshi; Nishizaki, Itaru

2012-04-01

We will present a simple and low cost method to visualize local strain distribution in deformed aluminum plates. In this study, aluminum plates were coated with opal photonic crystal film with tunable structural color. The photonic crystal films consist of a silicone elastomer that contains an array of submicron polystyrene colloidal particles. When the aluminum sheets were stretched, the change in the spacing of the colloidal particles in the opal film alters the color of the film. This approach could be useful as a new strain gauge having a visual indicator to detect mechanical deformation.

Adaptive color artwork

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beretta, Giordano

2007-01-01

The words in a document are often supported, illustrated, and enriched by visuals. When color is used, some of it is used to define the document's identity and is therefore strictly controlled in the design process. The result of this design process is a "color specification sheet," which must be created for every background color. While in traditional publishing there are only a few backgrounds, in variable data publishing a larger number of backgrounds can be used. We present an algorithm that nudges the colors in a visual to be distinct from a background while preserving the visual's general color character.

Toward a New Theory for Selecting Instructional Visuals.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Croft, Richard S.; Burton, John K.

This paper provides a rationale for the selection of illustrations and visual aids for the classroom. The theories that describe the processing of visuals are dual coding theory and cue summation theory. Concept attainment theory offers a basis for selecting which cues are relevant for any learning task which includes a component of identification…

Visualization as an Aid to Problem-Solving: Examples from History.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rieber, Lloyd P.

This paper presents a historical overview of visualization as a human problem-solving tool. Visualization strategies, such as mental imagery, pervade historical accounts of scientific discovery and invention. A selected number of historical examples are presented and discussed on a wide range of topics such as physics, aviation, and the science of…

Effect of Animated Graphic Annotations and Immediate Visual Feedback in Aiding Japanese Pronunciation Learning: A Comparative Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hew, Soon-Hin; Ohki, Mitsuru

2004-01-01

This study examines the effectiveness of imagery and electronic visual feedback in facilitating students' acquisition of Japanese pronunciation skills. The independent variables, animated graphic annotation (AGA) and immediate visual feedback (IVF) were integrated into a Japanese computer-assisted language learning (JCALL) program focused on the…

THE VISUALLY HANDICAPPED CHILD IN SCHOOL.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

FIELDS, HELEN W.

THE EMPHASIS UPON VISION RATHER THAN THE SAVING OF VISION HAS BROUGHT ABOUT A CHANGE IN DETERMINATION OF CLASS PLACEMENT. IN PUBLIC SCHOOL, CHILDREN WITH VISUAL LIMITATIONS ARE AIDED BY FOUR KINDS OF PROGRAMS--(1) RESOURCE CLASSES FOR CHILDREN WITH VISUAL LIMITATIONS, (2) BRAILLE RESOURCE CLASSES FOR CHILDREN WHOSE LOSS OF VISION WARRANTS BRAILLE…

Computer-Based Tutoring of Visual Concepts: From Novice to Experts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sharples, Mike

1991-01-01

Description of ways in which computers might be used to teach visual concepts discusses hypermedia systems; describes computer-generated tutorials; explains the use of computers to create learning aids such as concept maps, feature spaces, and structural models; and gives examples of visual concept teaching in medical education. (10 references)…

DanceChemistry: Helping Students Visualize Chemistry Concepts through Dance Videos

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tay, Gidget C.; Edwards, Kimberly D.

2015-01-01

A visual aid teaching tool, the DanceChemistry video series, has been developed to teach fundamental chemistry concepts through dance. These educational videos portray chemical interactions at the molecular level using dancers to represent chemical species. Students reported that the DanceChemistry videos helped them visualize chemistry ideas in a…

Learner-Information Interaction: A Macro-Level Framework Characterizing Visual Cognitive Tools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sedig, Kamran; Liang, Hai-Ning

2008-01-01

Visual cognitive tools (VCTs) are external mental aids that maintain and display visual representations (VRs) of information (i.e., structures, objects, concepts, ideas, and problems). VCTs allow learners to operate upon the VRs to perform epistemic (i.e., reasoning and knowledge-based) activities. In VCTs, the mechanism by which learners operate…

Draw Me an Enthymeme: Visual Pedagogy and Verbal Organization.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Danis, M. Francine

Both enthymemes and visual pedagogy speak to the capacity--and the need--of humans to make a coherent story out of the scraps of information they possess. Three possibilities exist for building on the connection between enthymemes and pictures when teaching argumentative writing--using visual aids to help students: generate material, suggest a…

Visual-Spatial Attention Aids the Maintenance of Object Representations in Visual Working Memory

PubMed Central

Williams, Melonie; Pouget, Pierre; Boucher, Leanne; Woodman, Geoffrey F.

2013-01-01

Theories have proposed that the maintenance of object representations in visual working memory is aided by a spatial rehearsal mechanism. In this study, we used two different approaches to test the hypothesis that overt and covert visual-spatial attention mechanisms contribute to the maintenance of object representations in visual working memory. First, we tracked observers’ eye movements while remembering a variable number of objects during change-detection tasks. We observed that during the blank retention interval, participants spontaneously shifted gaze to the locations that the objects had occupied in the memory array. Next, we hypothesized that if attention mechanisms contribute to the maintenance of object representations, then drawing attention away from the object locations during the retention interval would impair object memory during these change-detection tasks. Supporting this prediction, we found that attending to the fixation point in anticipation of a brief probe stimulus during the retention interval reduced change-detection accuracy even on the trials in which no probe occurred. These findings support models of working memory in which visual-spatial selection mechanisms contribute to the maintenance of object representations. PMID:23371773

Use of a new high-speed digital data acquisition system in airborne ice-sounding

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wright, David L.; Bradley, Jerry A.; Hodge, Steven M.

1989-01-01

A high-speed digital data acquisition and signal averaging system for borehole, surface, and airborne radio-frequency geophysical measurements was designed and built by the US Geological Survey. The system permits signal averaging at rates high enough to achieve significant signal-to-noise enhancement in profiling, even in airborne applications. The first field use of the system took place in Greenland in 1987 for recording data on a 150 by 150-km grid centered on the summit of the Greenland ice sheet. About 6000-line km were flown and recorded using the new system. The data can be used to aid in siting a proposed scientific corehole through the ice sheet.

Structurally Oriented Nano-Sheets in Co Thin Films: Changing Their Anisotropic Physical Properties by Thermally-Induced Relaxation

PubMed Central

Vergara, José; Favieres, Cristina; Magén, César; de Teresa, José María; Ibarra, Manuel Ricardo

2017-01-01

We show how nanocrystalline Co films formed by separated oblique nano-sheets display anisotropy in their resistivity, magnetization process, surface nano-morphology and optical transmission. After performing a heat treatment at 270 °C, these anisotropies decrease. This loss has been monitored measuring the resistivity as a function of temperature. The resistivity measured parallel to the direction of the nano-sheets has been constant up to 270 °C, but it decreases when measured perpendicular to the nano-sheets. This suggests the existence of a structural relaxation, which produces the change of the Co nano-sheets during annealing. The changes in the nano-morphology and the local chemical composition of the films at the nanoscale after heating above 270 °C have been analysed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Thus, an approach and coalescence of the nano-sheets have been directly visualized. The spectrum of activation energies of this structural relaxation has indicated that the coalescence of the nano-sheets has taken place between 1.2 and 1.7 eV. In addition, an increase in the size of the nano-crystals has occurred in the samples annealed at 400 °C. This study may be relevant for the application in devices working, for example, in the GHz range and to achieve the retention of the anisotropy of these films at higher temperatures. PMID:29206155

Structurally Oriented Nano-Sheets in Co Thin Films: Changing Their Anisotropic Physical Properties by Thermally-Induced Relaxation.

PubMed

Vergara, José; Favieres, Cristina; Magén, César; de Teresa, José María; Ibarra, Manuel Ricardo; Madurga, Vicente

2017-12-05

We show how nanocrystalline Co films formed by separated oblique nano-sheets display anisotropy in their resistivity, magnetization process, surface nano-morphology and optical transmission. After performing a heat treatment at 270 °C, these anisotropies decrease. This loss has been monitored measuring the resistivity as a function of temperature. The resistivity measured parallel to the direction of the nano-sheets has been constant up to 270 °C, but it decreases when measured perpendicular to the nano-sheets. This suggests the existence of a structural relaxation, which produces the change of the Co nano-sheets during annealing. The changes in the nano-morphology and the local chemical composition of the films at the nanoscale after heating above 270 °C have been analysed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Thus, an approach and coalescence of the nano-sheets have been directly visualized. The spectrum of activation energies of this structural relaxation has indicated that the coalescence of the nano-sheets has taken place between 1.2 and 1.7 eV. In addition, an increase in the size of the nano-crystals has occurred in the samples annealed at 400 °C. This study may be relevant for the application in devices working, for example, in the GHz range and to achieve the retention of the anisotropy of these films at higher temperatures.

Progressive failure of sheeted rock slopes: the 2009–2010 Rhombus Wall rock falls in Yosemite Valley, California, USA

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stock, Greg M.; Martel, Stephen J.; Collins, Brian D.; Harp, Edwin L.

2012-01-01

Progressive rock-fall failures in natural rock slopes are common in many environments, but often elude detailed quantitative documentation and analysis. Here we present high-resolution photography, video, and laser scanning data that document spatial and temporal patterns of a 15-month-long sequence of at least 14 rock falls from the Rhombus Wall, a sheeted granitic cliff in Yosemite Valley, California. The rock-fall sequence began on 26 August 2009 with a small failure at the tip of an overhanging rock slab. Several hours later, a series of five rock falls totaling 736 m3progressed upward along a sheeting joint behind the overhanging slab. Over the next 3 weeks, audible cracking occurred on the Rhombus Wall, suggesting crack propagation, while visual monitoring revealed opening of a sheeting joint adjacent to the previous failure surface. On 14 September 2009 a 110 m3 slab detached along this sheeting joint. Additional rock falls between 30 August and 20 November 2010, totaling 187 m3, radiated outward from the initial failure area along cliff (sub)parallel sheeting joints. We suggest that these progressive failures might have been related to stress redistributions accompanying propagation of sheeting joints behind the cliff face. Mechanical analyses indicate that tensile stresses should occur perpendicular to the cliff face and open sheeting joints, and that sheeting joints should propagate parallel to a cliff face from areas of stress concentrations. The analyses also account for how sheeting joints can propagate to lengths many times greater than their depths behind cliff faces. We posit that as a region of failure spreads across a cliff face, stress concentrations along its margin will spread with it, promoting further crack propagation and rock falls.

Der Humboldt-Dienst des Humboldt-Gymnasiums Berlin (The Humboldt-Dienst of the Humboldt Gymnasium in Berlin)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pegler, Klaus

1976-01-01

The Humboldt-Dienst functions as a teaching aid. Some eight times a year it tapes collections of foreign-language information broadcasts, and issues student work sheets and teachers' guides for use therewith. The materials are available at cost; an address for ordering is given. (Text is in German.) (IFS/WGA)

Single Student Parents Face Financial Difficulties, Debt, without Adequate Aid. Fact Sheet #C394

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Kevin

2012-01-01

Parents with dependent children were nearly one quarter of students enrolled for credit at American postsecondary institutions in 2008. These students face significant challenges to remaining enrolled and graduating, including limited access to affordable child care, difficulty balancing the demands of school with the demands of work and family,…

Raising parents' awareness of the benefits of immunization by using a visual aid tool.

PubMed

Mulumba, Jose Gaby Tshikuka; Daoud, Saada; Kabang, Bandé

2007-07-01

A visual aid tool was used in two communities of Chad to raise parents' awareness of the benefits of immunization. In one community, the tool was administered by social workers two weeks before national immunization days (NIDs) and in the other community by vaccinators during NIDs. Parents' awareness significantly rose in both communities but was more significant in the community where the tool was administered by social workers. A significant association was found between parents' unawareness and children who missed immunization in both communities.

Keith Haring, Felix Gonzalez-Torres, Wolfgang Tillmans, and the AIDS Epidemic: The Use of Visual Art in a Health Humanities Course.

PubMed

Smith, Jason A

2018-02-23

Contemporary art can be a powerful pedagogical tool in the health humanities. Students in an undergraduate course in the health humanities explore the subjective experience of illness and develop their empathy by studying three artists in the context of the AIDS epidemic: Keith Haring, Felix Gonzalez-Torres, and Wolfgang Tillmans. Using assignments based in narrative pedagogy, students expand their empathic response to pain and suffering. The role of visual art in health humanities pedagogy is discussed.

Visual direction finding by fishes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Waterman, T. H.

1972-01-01

The use of visual orientation, in the absence of landmarks, for underwater direction finding exercises by fishes is reviewed. Celestial directional clues observed directly near the water surface or indirectly at an asymptatic depth are suggested as possible orientation aids.

Visual aided pacing in respiratory maneuvers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rambaudi, L. R.; Rossi, E.; Mántaras, M. C.; Perrone, M. S.; Siri, L. Nicola

2007-11-01

A visual aid to pace self-controlled respiratory cycles in humans is presented. Respiratory manoeuvres need to be accomplished in several clinic and research procedures, among others, the studies on Heart Rate Variability. Free running respiration turns to be difficult to correlate with other physiologic variables. Because of this fact, voluntary self-control is asked from the individuals under study. Currently, an acoustic metronome is used to pace respiratory frequency, its main limitation being the impossibility to induce predetermined timing in the stages within the respiratory cycle. In the present work, visual driven self-control was provided, with separate timing for the four stages of a normal respiratory cycle. This visual metronome (ViMet) was based on a microcontroller which power-ON and -OFF an eight-LED bar, in a four-stage respiratory cycle time series handset by the operator. The precise timing is also exhibited on an alphanumeric display.

Visual display aid for orbital maneuvering - Design considerations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grunwald, Arthur J.; Ellis, Stephen R.

1993-01-01

This paper describes the development of an interactive proximity operations planning system that allows on-site planning of fuel-efficient multiburn maneuvers in a potential multispacecraft environment. Although this display system most directly assists planning by providing visual feedback to aid visualization of the trajectories and constraints, its most significant features include: (1) the use of an 'inverse dynamics' algorithm that removes control nonlinearities facing the operator, and (2) a trajectory planning technique that separates, through a 'geometric spreadsheet', the normally coupled complex problems of planning orbital maneuvers and allows solution by an iterative sequence of simple independent actions. The visual feedback of trajectory shapes and operational constraints, provided by user-transparent and continuously active background computations, allows the operator to make fast, iterative design changes that rapidly converge to fuel-efficient solutions. The planning tool provides an example of operator-assisted optimization of nonlinear cost functions.

Social care and support needs of community-dwelling people with dementia and concurrent visual impairment.

PubMed

Nyman, Samuel Robert; Innes, Anthea; Heward, Michelle

2017-09-01

This study explored the social care and support needs of people with dementia and visual impairment, and the barriers and facilitators for meeting these needs. Twenty-six semi-structured interviews were conducted: 21 joint and 5 individual interviews with the person with dementia and visual impairment (n=4) or their family/paid carer (n=1). Interviews were analysed thematically. Three themes are presented. (1) Social care needs: having dementia can reduce an individual's ability to cope with their visual impairment, and lead to increased dependency and reduced daily stimulation. (2) Barriers to using technology to meet social care needs: difficulties were reported with learning to use unfamiliar technology and the cost of visual impairment aids, and for some, the presence of dementia made visual impairment aids unusable and vice versa. (3) Familiarity as a facilitator for meeting social care needs: living at home or taking furnishings and ornaments into a new home facilitated independence, and continuity of paid carers/volunteers facilitated the caring relationship between the individual and staff/volunteer. Care workers will better serve older people if they are aware of the social care and support needs that arise from having both dementia and visual impairment.

An ergonomics prototype of adjustable chin stands aid for visual mechanical inspection at electronic manufacturing-based company in Kuantan, Malaysia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Elias, Nurainaa; Mat Yahya, Nafrizuan

2018-04-01

Chin stands aid is a device designed to reduce fatigue on the chin during the Visual Mechanical Inspection (VMI) task for operators in TT Electronic Sdn Bhd, Kuantan, Malaysia. It is also used to reduce cycle time and also improve employee well-being in terms of comfort. In this project, a 3D model of chin stands aid with an ergonomics approach is created using SOLIDWORKS software. Two different concepts were designed and the best one is chosen based on the Pugh concept selection method, concept screening and also concept scoring. After the selection of concepts is done, a prototype of chin stands aid will be developed and a simulation of the prototype is performed. The simulation has been executed by using Workbench ANSYS software as a tool. Stress analysis, deformation analysis, and fatigue analysis have been done to know the strength and lifespan of the product. The prototype also has been tested to know the functionality and also comfortability for the user to use the chin stands aid.

Delivery of antagomiR204-conjugated gold nanoparticles from PLGA sheets and its implication in promoting osseointegration of titanium implant in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

PubMed

Liu, Xiangwei; Tan, Naiwen; Zhou, Yuchao; Wei, Hongbo; Ren, Shuai; Yu, Fan; Chen, Hui; Jia, Chengming; Yang, Guodong; Song, Yingliang

2017-01-01

Impaired osseointegration of the implant remains the big hurdle for dental implant therapy in diabetic patients. In this study, the authors first identified that miR204 was strikingly highly expressed in the bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) of diabetic rats. Forced expression of miR204 repressed the osteogenic potential of BMSCs, while inhibition of miR204 significantly increased the osteogenic capacity. Moreover, the miR204 inhibitor was conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNP-antagomiR204) and dispersed them in the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) solution. The AuNP-antagomiR204 containing PLGA solution was applied for coating the surface of titanium implant. Electron microscope revealed that an ultrathin sheet was formed on the surface of the implant, and the AuNPs were evenly dispersed in the coated PLGA sheet. Cellular experiments revealed that these encapsulated AuNP-antagomiR204 were able to be released from the PLGA sheet and uptaken by adherent BMSCs. In vivo animal study further confirmed that the AuNP-antagomiR204 released from PLGA sheet promoted osseointegration, as revealed by microcomputerized tomography (microCT) reconstruction and histological assay. Taken together, this study established that miR204 misexpression accounted for the deficient osseointegation in diabetes mellitus, while PLGA sheets aided the release of AuNP-antagomiR204, which would be a promising strategy for titanium implant surface functionalization toward better osseointegration.

Factors influencing self-reported vision-related activity limitation in the visually impaired.

PubMed

Tabrett, Daryl R; Latham, Keziah

2011-07-15

The use of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures to assess self-reported difficulty in visual activities is common in patients with impaired vision. This study determines the visual and psychosocial factors influencing patients' responses to self-report measures, to aid in understanding what is being measured. One hundred visually impaired participants completed the Activity Inventory (AI), which assesses self-reported, vision-related activity limitation (VRAL) in the task domains of reading, mobility, visual information, and visual motor tasks. Participants also completed clinical tests of visual function (distance visual acuity and near reading performance both with and without low vision aids [LVAs], contrast sensitivity, visual fields, and depth discrimination), and questionnaires assessing depressive symptoms, social support, adjustment to visual loss, and personality. Multiple regression analyses identified that an acuity measure (distance or near), and, to a lesser extent, near reading performance without LVAs, visual fields, and contrast sensitivity best explained self-reported VRAL (28%-50% variance explained). Significant psychosocial correlates were depression and adjustment, explaining an additional 6% to 19% unique variance. Dependent on task domain, the parameters assessed explained 59% to 71% of the variance in self-reported VRAL. Visual function, most notably acuity without LVAs, is the best predictor of self-reported VRAL assessed by the AI. Depression and adjustment to visual loss also significantly influence self-reported VRAL, largely independent of the severity of visual loss and most notably in the less vision-specific tasks. The results suggest that rehabilitation strategies addressing depression and adjustment could improve perceived visual disability.

Preparing Parents to Make An Informed Choice About Antibiotic Use for Common Acute Respiratory Infections in Children: A Randomised Trial of Brief Decision Aids in a Hypothetical Scenario.

PubMed

Coxeter, Peter D; Del Mar, Chris B; Hoffmann, Tammy C

2017-08-01

Childhood acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are one of the most common reasons for primary care consultations and for receiving an antibiotic. Public awareness of antibiotic benefit and harms for these conditions is low. To facilitate informed decision making, ideally in collaboration with their doctor, parents need clear communication about benefits and harms. Decision aids may be able to facilitate this process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three decision aids about antibiotic use for common ARIs in children. Adult parents of children aged 1-16 years (n = 120) were recruited from community settings and then randomised using a computer-generated randomisation sequence to receive a decision aid (n = 60) or fact sheet (n = 60). Allocation was concealed and used sealed and opaque sequentially numbered envelopes. Participants self-completed questionnaires at baseline and immediately post-intervention. The primary outcome was informed choice (conceptual and numerical knowledge; attitudes towards, and intention to use, antibiotics for a future ARI). Secondary outcomes were decisional conflict, decisional self-efficacy, and material acceptability. After reading the information, significantly more intervention group participants made an informed choice [57%] compared with control group participants [29%] [difference 28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 11-45%, p < 0.01], and had higher total knowledge [mean difference (MD) 2.8, 95% CI 2.2-3.5, p < 0.01], conceptual knowledge (MD 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.1, p < 0.01) and numerical knowledge (MD 2.1, 95% CI 1.6-2.5, p < 0.01). Between-group differences in attitudes or intention to use antibiotics were not significant. Most intervention group participants found the information understandable and liked the aids' format and features. The decision aids prepared parents to make an informed choice about antibiotic use more than fact sheets, in a hypothetical situation. Their effect within a consultation needs to be evaluated. Clinical Trials Registration Number: ACTRN12615000843550.

N-Isopropylacrylamide-co-glycidylmethacrylate as a Thermoresponsive Substrate for Corneal Endothelial Cell Sheet Engineering

PubMed Central

Madathil, Bernadette K.; Anil Kumar, Pallickaveedu RajanAsari; Kumary, Thrikkovil Variyath

2014-01-01

Endothelial keratoplasty is a recent shift in the surgical treatment of corneal endothelial dystrophies, where the dysfunctional endothelium is replaced whilst retaining the unaffected corneal layers. To overcome the limitation of donor corneal shortage, alternative use of tissue engineered constructs is being researched. Tissue constructs with intact extracellular matrix are generated using stimuli responsive polymers. In this study we evaluated the feasibility of using the thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-glycidylmethacrylate) polymer as a culture surface to harvest viable corneal endothelial cell sheets. Incubation below the lower critical solution temperature of the polymer allowed the detachment of the intact endothelial cell sheet. Phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy revealed the intact architecture, cobble stone morphology, and cell-to-cell contact in the retrieved cell sheet. Strong extracellular matrix deposition was also observed. The RT-PCR analysis confirmed functionally active endothelial cells in the cell sheet as evidenced by the positive expression of aquaporin 1, collagen IV, Na+-K+ ATPase, and FLK-1. Na+-K+ ATPase protein expression was also visualized by immunofluorescence staining. These results suggest that the in-house developed thermoresponsive culture dish is a suitable substrate for the generation of intact corneal endothelial cell sheet towards transplantation for endothelial keratoplasty. PMID:25003113

Visualizing flow fields using acoustic Doppler current profilers and the Velocity Mapping Toolbox

USGS Publications Warehouse

Jackson, P. Ryan

2013-01-01

The purpose of this fact sheet is to provide examples of how the U.S. Geological Survey is using acoustic Doppler current profilers for much more than routine discharge measurements. These instruments are capable of mapping complex three-dimensional flow fields within rivers, lakes, and estuaries. Using the Velocity Mapping Toolbox to process the ADCP data allows detailed visualization of the data, providing valuable information for a range of studies and applications.

Fiber-optic-based laser vapor screen flow visualization system for aerodynamic research in larger scale subsonic and transonic wind tunnels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Erickson, Gary E.; Inenaga, Andrew S.

1994-01-01

Laser vapor screen (LVS) flow visualization systems that are fiber-optic based were developed and installed for aerodynamic research in the Langley 8-Foot Transonic Pressure Tunnel and the Langley 7- by 10-Foot High Speed Tunnel. Fiber optics are used to deliver the laser beam through the plenum shell that surrounds the test section of each facility and to the light-sheet-generating optics positioned in the ceiling window of the test section. Water is injected into the wind tunnel diffuser section to increase the relative humidity and promote condensation of the water vapor in the flow field about the model. The condensed water vapor is then illuminated with an intense sheet of laser light to reveal features of the flow field. The plenum shells are optically sealed; therefore, video-based systems are used to observe and document the flow field. Operational experience shows that the fiber-optic-based systems provide safe, reliable, and high-quality off-surface flow visualization in smaller and larger scale subsonic and transonic wind tunnels. The design, the installation, and the application of the Langley Research Center (LaRC) LVS flow visualization systems in larger scale wind tunnels are highlighted. The efficiency of the fiber optic LVS systems and their insensitivity to wind tunnel vibration, the tunnel operating temperature and pressure variations, and the airborne contaminants are discussed.

Assessing HIV and AIDS treatment safety and health-related quality of life among cohort of Malaysian patients: a discussion on methodological approach.

PubMed

Syed, Imran Ahmed; Syed Sulaiman, Syed Azhar; Hassali, Mohammad Azmi; Lee, Christopher K C

2015-10-01

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is increasingly recognized as an important outcome and as a complement to traditional biological end points of diseases such as mortality. Unless there is a complete cure available for HIV/AIDS, development and implementation of a reliable and valid cross cultural quality of life measure is necessary to assess not only the physical and medical needs of HIV/AIDS people, but their psychological, social, environmental, and spiritual areas of life. A qualitative exploration of HIV/AIDS patients' understanding, perceptions and expectations will be carried out with the help of semi structured interview guide by in depth interviews, while quantitative assessment of patient reported adverse drug reactions and their impact on health related quality of life will be carried out by using data collection tool comprising patient demographics, SF-12, Naranjo scale, and a clinical data sheet. The findings may serve as baseline QOL data of people living with HIV/AIDS in Malaysia and also a source data to aid construction of management plan to improve HIV/AIDS patients' QOL. It will also provide basic information about HIV/AIDS patients' perceptions, expectations and believes towards HIV/AIDS and its treatment which may help in designing strategies to enhance patients' awareness which in turn can help in addressing issues related to compliance and adherence. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Photographing AIDS: On Capturing a Disease in Pictures of People with AIDS.

PubMed

Engelmann, Lukas

2016-01-01

The photography of people with AIDS has been subject to numerous critiques in the 1980s and has become a controversial way of visualizing the AIDS epidemic. While most of the scholarly work on AIDS photography is based in cultural studies and concerned with popular representations, the clinical value of photographs of people with AIDS usually remains overlooked. This article addresses photographs as a "way of seeing" AIDS that contributed crucially to the making of the disease entity AIDS within the history of medicine. Cultural studies methods are applied to analyze clinical photography in the case of AIDS, thus contributing to the medical history of AIDS through the lens of photography. The article reveals the conflation of disease morphology and patient identity as a characteristic feature of both clinical photography and a now historical nature of AIDS.

Comprehensive Modeling and Visualization of Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology from CT Imaging and Computer Simulations

PubMed Central

Sun, Peng; Zhou, Haoyin; Ha, Seongmin; Hartaigh, Bríain ó; Truong, Quynh A.; Min, James K.

2016-01-01

In clinical cardiology, both anatomy and physiology are needed to diagnose cardiac pathologies. CT imaging and computer simulations provide valuable and complementary data for this purpose. However, it remains challenging to gain useful information from the large amount of high-dimensional diverse data. The current tools are not adequately integrated to visualize anatomic and physiologic data from a complete yet focused perspective. We introduce a new computer-aided diagnosis framework, which allows for comprehensive modeling and visualization of cardiac anatomy and physiology from CT imaging data and computer simulations, with a primary focus on ischemic heart disease. The following visual information is presented: (1) Anatomy from CT imaging: geometric modeling and visualization of cardiac anatomy, including four heart chambers, left and right ventricular outflow tracts, and coronary arteries; (2) Function from CT imaging: motion modeling, strain calculation, and visualization of four heart chambers; (3) Physiology from CT imaging: quantification and visualization of myocardial perfusion and contextual integration with coronary artery anatomy; (4) Physiology from computer simulation: computation and visualization of hemodynamics (e.g., coronary blood velocity, pressure, shear stress, and fluid forces on the vessel wall). Substantially, feedback from cardiologists have confirmed the practical utility of integrating these features for the purpose of computer-aided diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. PMID:26863663

Funding Sources for Visually Impaired Students in Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Traber, M.

1987-01-01

Financial aid sources available to visually handicapped students for postsecondary educational, vocational, or technical programs are outlined. Sources include national and state blindness agencies, colleges and universities, state vocational rehabilitation agencies, and the federal government. (Author/JDD)

The Specificity of Colored Lenses as Visual Aids in Retinal Disease.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gawande, A.; And Others

1992-01-01

This study of the effects of lenses of different colors on the visual abilities and comfort of 20 patients with retinal disease found that, in home trials, the critical issue was density more than color. Office tests of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity with colored lenses did not predict subjective benefit. (Author/JDD)

Factors Affecting the Reading Media Used by Visually Impaired Adults

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goudiras, Dimitrios B.; Papadopoulos, Konstantinos S.; Koutsoklenis, Athanasios Ch.; Papageorgiou, Virginia E.; Stergiou, Maria S.

2009-01-01

The aim of this study was to examine reading media (braille, cassettes, screen-reader, screen-magnifier, large print, low vision aids, CCTV) used by visually impaired adults. This article reports the results of a research project involving 100 people with visual impairment. The participants were interviewed and asked to fill in a questionnaire to…

Project visual analysis for the Allegheny National Forest

Treesearch

Gary W. Kell

1979-01-01

The Project Visual Analysis is a landscape assessment procedure involving forest vegetative manipulation. A logical step by step analysis leads the user to a specific set of landscape management guidelines to be used as an aid in designing a project or in evaluating whether the proposed project impacts will meet visual objectives. Key elements within the procedure are...

The Practical Audio-Visual Handbook for Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scuorzo, Herbert E.

The use of audio/visual media as an aid to instruction is a common practice in today's classroom. Most teachers, however, have little or no formal training in this field and rarely a knowledgeable coordinator to help them. "The Practical Audio-Visual Handbook for Teachers" discusses the types and mechanics of many of these media forms and proposes…

Visual Rehabilitation of Persons with Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rudanko, S.-L.

1995-01-01

This article presents results of a noncontrolled clinical study of 20 persons with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy who were treated from 1976 to 1990 at the Low Vision Centre of the Finnish Federation of the Visually Handicapped. The importance of early functional visual rehabilitation is emphasized, as is the use of low vision aids to help…

3D pattern of brain atrophy in HIV/AIDS visualized using tensor-based morphometry

PubMed Central

Chiang, Ming-Chang; Dutton, Rebecca A.; Hayashi, Kiralee M.; Lopez, Oscar L.; Aizenstein, Howard J.; Toga, Arthur W.; Becker, James T.; Thompson, Paul M.

2011-01-01

35% of HIV-infected patients have cognitive impairment, but the profile of HIV-induced brain damage is still not well understood. Here we used tensor-based morphometry (TBM) to visualize brain deficits and clinical/anatomical correlations in HIV/AIDS. To perform TBM, we developed a new MRI-based analysis technique that uses fluid image warping, and a new α-entropy-based information-theoretic measure of image correspondence, called the Jensen–Rényi divergence (JRD). Methods 3D T1-weighted brain MRIs of 26 AIDS patients (CDC stage C and/or 3 without HIV-associated dementia; 47.2 ± 9.8 years; 25M/1F; CD4+ T-cell count: 299.5 ± 175.7/µl; log10 plasma viral load: 2.57 ± 1.28 RNA copies/ml) and 14 HIV-seronegative controls (37.6 ± 12.2 years; 8M/6F) were fluidly registered by applying forces throughout each deforming image to maximize the JRD between it and a target image (from a control subject). The 3D fluid registration was regularized using the linearized Cauchy–Navier operator. Fine-scale volumetric differences between diagnostic groups were mapped. Regions were identified where brain atrophy correlated with clinical measures. Results Severe atrophy (~15–20% deficit) was detected bilaterally in the primary and association sensorimotor areas. Atrophy of these regions, particularly in the white matter, correlated with cognitive impairment (P=0.033) and CD4+ T-lymphocyte depletion (P=0.005). Conclusion TBM facilitates 3D visualization of AIDS neuropathology in living patients scanned with MRI. Severe atrophy in frontoparietal and striatal areas may underlie early cognitive dysfunction in AIDS patients, and may signal the imminent onset of AIDS dementia complex. PMID:17035049

Void asymmetries in the cosmic web: a mechanism for bulk flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bland-Hawthorn, J.; Sharma, S.

2016-10-01

Bulk flows of galaxies moving with respect to the cosmic microwave background are well established observationally and seen in the most recent ΛCDM simulations. With the aid of an idealised Gadget-2 simulation, we show that void asymmetries in the cosmic web can exacerbate local bulk flows of galaxies. The {\\it Cosmicflows-2} survey, which has mapped in detail the 3D structure of the Local Universe, reveals that the Local Group resides in a ``local sheet'' of galaxies that borders a ``local void'' with a diameter of about 40 Mpc. The void is emptying out at a rate of 16 km s-1 Mpc-1. In a co-moving frame, the Local Sheet is found to be moving away from the Local Void at ~ 260 km s-1. Our model shows how asymmetric collapse due to unbalanced voids on either side of a developing sheet or wall can lead to a systematic movement of the sheet. We conjectured that asymmetries could lead to a large-scale separation of dark matter and baryons, thereby driving a dependence of galaxy properties with environment, but we do {\\it not} find any evidence for this effect.

Mental practice with interactive 3D visual aids enhances surgical performance.

PubMed

Yiasemidou, Marina; Glassman, Daniel; Mushtaq, Faisal; Athanasiou, Christos; Williams, Mark-Mon; Jayne, David; Miskovic, Danilo

2017-10-01

Evidence suggests that Mental Practice (MP) could be used to finesse surgical skills. However, MP is cognitively demanding and may be dependent on the ability of individuals to produce mental images. In this study, we hypothesised that the provision of interactive 3D visual aids during MP could facilitate surgical skill performance. 20 surgical trainees were case-matched to one of three different preparation methods prior to performing a simulated Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC). Two intervention groups underwent a 25-minute MP session; one with interactive 3D visual aids depicting the relevant surgical anatomy (3D-MP group, n = 5) and one without (MP-Only, n = 5). A control group (n = 10) watched a didactic video of a real LC. Scores relating to technical performance and safety were recorded by a surgical simulator. The Control group took longer to complete the procedure relative to the 3D&MP condition (p = .002). The number of movements was also statistically different across groups (p = .001), with the 3D&MP group making fewer movements relative to controls (p = .001). Likewise, the control group moved further in comparison to the 3D&MP condition and the MP-Only condition (p = .004). No reliable differences were observed for safety metrics. These data provide evidence for the potential value of MP in improving performance. Furthermore, they suggest that 3D interactive visual aids during MP could potentially enhance performance, beyond the benefits of MP alone. These findings pave the way for future RCTs on surgical preparation and performance.

On the Ground or in the Air? A Methodological Experiment on Crop Residue Cover Measurement in Ethiopia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kosmowski, Frédéric; Stevenson, James; Campbell, Jeff; Ambel, Alemayehu; Haile Tsegay, Asmelash

2017-10-01

Maintaining permanent coverage of the soil using crop residues is an important and commonly recommended practice in conservation agriculture. Measuring this practice is an essential step in improving knowledge about the adoption and impact of conservation agriculture. Different data collection methods can be implemented to capture the field level crop residue coverage for a given plot, each with its own implication on survey budget, implementation speed and respondent and interviewer burden. In this paper, six alternative methods of crop residue coverage measurement are tested among the same sample of rural households in Ethiopia. The relative accuracy of these methods are compared against a benchmark, the line-transect method. The alternative methods compared against the benchmark include: (i) interviewee (respondent) estimation; (ii) enumerator estimation visiting the field; (iii) interviewee with visual-aid without visiting the field; (iv) enumerator with visual-aid visiting the field; (v) field picture collected with a drone and analyzed with image-processing methods and (vi) satellite picture of the field analyzed with remote sensing methods. Results of the methodological experiment show that survey-based methods tend to underestimate field residue cover. When quantitative data on cover are needed, the best estimates are provided by visual-aid protocols. For categorical analysis (i.e., >30% cover or not), visual-aid protocols and remote sensing methods perform equally well. Among survey-based methods, the strongest correlates of measurement errors are total farm size, field size, distance, and slope. Results deliver a ranking of measurement options that can inform survey practitioners and researchers.

On the Ground or in the Air? A Methodological Experiment on Crop Residue Cover Measurement in Ethiopia.

PubMed

Kosmowski, Frédéric; Stevenson, James; Campbell, Jeff; Ambel, Alemayehu; Haile Tsegay, Asmelash

2017-10-01

Maintaining permanent coverage of the soil using crop residues is an important and commonly recommended practice in conservation agriculture. Measuring this practice is an essential step in improving knowledge about the adoption and impact of conservation agriculture. Different data collection methods can be implemented to capture the field level crop residue coverage for a given plot, each with its own implication on survey budget, implementation speed and respondent and interviewer burden. In this paper, six alternative methods of crop residue coverage measurement are tested among the same sample of rural households in Ethiopia. The relative accuracy of these methods are compared against a benchmark, the line-transect method. The alternative methods compared against the benchmark include: (i) interviewee (respondent) estimation; (ii) enumerator estimation visiting the field; (iii) interviewee with visual-aid without visiting the field; (iv) enumerator with visual-aid visiting the field; (v) field picture collected with a drone and analyzed with image-processing methods and (vi) satellite picture of the field analyzed with remote sensing methods. Results of the methodological experiment show that survey-based methods tend to underestimate field residue cover. When quantitative data on cover are needed, the best estimates are provided by visual-aid protocols. For categorical analysis (i.e., >30% cover or not), visual-aid protocols and remote sensing methods perform equally well. Among survey-based methods, the strongest correlates of measurement errors are total farm size, field size, distance, and slope. Results deliver a ranking of measurement options that can inform survey practitioners and researchers.

Electronic Travel Aids for Blind Persons.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hill, Everett W.; Bradfield, Anna L.

1984-01-01

The article describes application for visually impaired persons of widely used Electronic Travel Aids--the Lindsay Russell Pathsounder, the Mowat Sensor, the Sonicguide, and the C-5 Laser Cane. In addition, a research review provides insight into the issues affecting future use of the devices. (Author/CL)

The effects of computer-aided design software on engineering students' spatial visualisation skills

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kösa, Temel; Karakuş, Fatih

2018-03-01

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of computer-aided design (CAD) software-based instruction on the spatial visualisation skills of freshman engineering students in a computer-aided engineering drawing course. A quasi-experimental design was applied, using the Purdue Spatial Visualization Test-Visualization of Rotations (PSVT:R) for both the pre- and the post-test. The participants were 116 freshman students in the first year of their undergraduate programme in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at a university in Turkey. A total of 72 students comprised the experimental group; they were instructed with CAD-based activities in an engineering drawing course. The control group consisted of 44 students who did not attend this course. The results of the study showed that a CAD-based engineering drawing course had a positive effect on developing engineering students' spatial visualisation skills. Additionally, the results of the study showed that spatial visualisation skills can be a predictor for success in a computer-aided engineering drawing course.

Building the oceanic crust: Insights on volcanic emplacement processes at the hotspot-influenced Galápagos Spreading Center, 92°W

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McClinton, J. T.; White, S. M.; Colman, A.; Sinton, J. M.

2011-12-01

The Galápagos Spreading Center (GSC) displays a range of axial morphology due to increased magma supply from the adjacent Galápagos mantle plume. Over 30 years of scientific exploration has also documented the associated variations in volcanic terrain, crustal thickness, and geochemistry of erupted basalts, but until recently the fine-scale ("lava flow scale") volcanic features of the GSC had not been investigated. Using the Alvin submersible and aided by near-bottom photographic surveys by TowCam and sub-meter-scale sonar surveys by AUV Sentry, we mapped and sampled 12 individual eruptive units covering ~16km2 of seafloor on the ridge axis of the GSC at 92°W. Variations in AUV Sentry bathymetry and DSL-120A backscatter enabled us to characterize the fine-scale surface morphology within each eruptive unit. Lava flow morphologies within each unit were identified using a neuro-fuzzy classifier which assigns pixels as pillows, lobates, sheets, or fissures by using attributes derived from high-resolution sonar bathymetry and backscatter (McClinton et al., submitted PE&RS). An accuracy assessment indicates approximately 90% agreement between the lava morphology map and an independent set of visual observations. The result of this classification effort is that we are able to quantitatively examine the spatial distribution of lava flow morphology as it relates to the emplacement of lava flows within each eruptive unit at a mid-ocean ridge. Preliminary analyses show that a large, segment-centered volcanic cone which straddles the axial summit graben (the "Empanada") is constructed mostly of pillow lavas, while volcanism in the rifted center of the cone consists of lobate and sheet flows. Conversely, along the rest of the segment, on-axis eruptions consist mainly of pillow lava with most sheet and lobate flows found outside of a small axial summit graben. At least some of these sheet flows are fed by lava channels, suggesting emplacement over distances up to 1km, while pillow lava within the summit graben form low mounds; we speculate that eruption effusion rates decreased over the eruptive episode, producing changes in lava morphology within the larger eruptive units. Many axial mounds are also cut by the graben faults. The relatively young appearance of the lava surfaces at 92°W argues for a close relationship between volcanism and graben faulting on this part of the ridge.

Effect of shear stress on platelet adhesion to expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, a silicone sheet, and an endothelial cell monolayer.

PubMed

Furukawa, K S; Ushida, T; Sugano, H; Tamaki, T; Ohshima, N; Tateishi, T

2000-01-01

We visualized in real-time platelets adhering to the surface of three representative biomaterials, by using an apparatus consisting of a modified cone and plate rheometer combined with an upright epifluorescence microscope under two shear flows (0.1 and 5.0 dyne/cm2). The materials were expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), silicone sheet, and a monolayer of bovine endothelial cells (ECs) formed on glass, all of which are opaque materials used for artificial blood vessels and medical devices. According to quantitative analysis, the monolayer of ECs formed on glass had better blood compatibility than did either the ePTFE or the silicone sheet under shear flow conditions. Under a shear flow condition of 0.1 dyne/cm2, platelet adhesion was silicone sheet > ePTFE. In contrast, under a shear flow condition of 5.0 dyne/cm2, ePTFE > silicone sheet. These results indicate that the intensity of shear stress could modify the order of hemocompatibility of the materials. Therefore, direct observation of platelet adhesion under shear flow conditions is indispensable for testing and screening biomaterials and for providing a precise quantitative evaluation of platelet adhesion.

Materials safety data sheets the basis for control of toxic chemicals. Volume II

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bolton, N. E.; Ketchen, E. E.; Porter, W. E.

For large industrial and research operations, maintaining reasonable control of all toxic materials used in their operations can be a formidable task. A system utilizing cards has been developed that serves a dual purpose, informing the user regarding hazards of a particular material and also facilitating appropriate workplace surveillance during its use. Selected data, including threshold limit values, routes of absorption, symptoms of exposure, chronic effects, and emergency first-aid procedures, are printed on the card. A portion of the card contains the label that the user detaches and affixes to the container. This label classifies the material according to flammability,more » toxicity, reactivity, and special properties on a 0 through 4 hazard rating system. This report describes the development and use of such cards, contains the associated Toxic Material Data Sheets that provide full backup data for the labels, and furnishes a glossary of biomedical terms used in the Data Sheets.« less

The compensation of Gaussian curvature in developable cones is local

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jin; Witten, Thomas

2009-03-01

We use the angular deficit scheme[1] to determine numerically the distribution of Gaussian curvature in developable cones(d-cones)[2] formed by forcing a flat elastic sheet into a circular container so that the sheet buckles. This provides a new way to confirm the vanishing of mean-curvature[3] at the rim where the sheet touches the container. This angular deficit scheme also allows us to explore the potential role of the Gauss-Bonnet theorem in explaining the mean-curvature vanishing phenomenon. The theorem's global constraint on curvature resembles the global conditions observed to be relevant for vanishing mean curvature. However, our result suggests that the Gauss-Bonnet theorem does not explain the vanishing of mean-curvature. [1] V. Borrelli, F. Cazals, and J.-M. Morvan, Computer Aided Geometric Design 20, 319 (2003). [2] E. Cerda, S. Chaieb, F. Melo, and L. Mahadevan, Nature 401, 46 (1999). [3] T. Liang and T. A. Witten, Phys. Rev. E 73, 046604 (2006).

Chandelier: Picturing Potential

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tebbs, Trevor J.

2014-01-01

The author--artist, scientist, educator, and visual-spatial thinker--describes the genesis of, and provides insight into, an innovative, strength-based, visually dynamic computer-aided communication system called Chandelier©. This system is the powerful combination of a sophisticated, user-friendly software program and an organizational…

Community College Partnerships for Student and Career Success: Program Profile of "Carreras en Salud." Fact Sheet #C397

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henrici, Jane

2012-01-01

Postsecondary students with children often need an array of supports to succeed in their studies, which can require significant coordination among new and existing services (Conway, Blair, and Helmer 2012; Henrici n.d.; Miller, Gault, and Thorman 2011). Such supports might include financial aid, academic and career counseling, job placement…

Fuels planning: science synthesis and integration; economic uses fact sheet 08: prescribed fire costs

Treesearch

Rocky Mountain Research Station USDA Forest Service

2004-01-01

Although the use of prescribed fire as a management tool is widespread, there is great variability and uncertainty in the treatment costs. Given specific site variables and management objectives, how much will it cost to use prescribed fire? This paper describes the FASTRACS database, a tool that has been developed to aid managers in addressing this question.

Mulches aid in regenerating California and Oregon forests: past, present, and future

Treesearch

Philip M. McDonald; Ole T. Helgerson

1990-01-01

The use of mulches as a reforestation tool in Oregon and California began primarily in the late 1950's. Many types of mulches were tried including sheets of plastic, newspaper, and plywood; various thicknesses of bark, sawdust, sand, and straw; sprayed-on petroleum resin; and even large plastic buckets. Most proved to be ineffective, costly or both. Early trials...

Tracking millennial-scale Holocene glacial advance and retreat using osmium isotopes: Insights from the Greenland ice sheet

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rooney, Alan D.; Selby, David; Llyod, Jeremy M.; Roberts, David H.; Luckge, Andreas; Sageman, Bradley B.; Prouty, Nancy G.

2016-01-01

High-resolution Os isotope stratigraphy can aid in reconstructing Pleistocene ice sheet fluctuation and elucidating the role of local and regional weathering fluxes on the marine Os residence time. This paper presents new Os isotope data from ocean cores adjacent to the West Greenland ice sheet that have excellent chronological controls. Cores MSM-520 and DA00-06 represent distal to proximal sites adjacent to two West Greenland ice streams. Core MSM-520 has a steadily decreasing Os signal over the last 10 kyr (187Os/188Os = 1.35–0.81). In contrast, Os isotopes from core DA00-06 (proximal to the calving front of Jakobshavn Isbræ) highlight four stages of ice stream retreat and advance over the past 10 kyr (187Os/188Os = 2.31; 1.68; 2.09; 1.47). Our high-resolution chemostratigraphic records provide vital benchmarks for ice-sheet modelers as we attempt to better constrain the future response of major ice sheets to climate change. Variations in Os isotope composition from sediment and macro-algae (seaweed) sourced from regional and global settings serve to emphasize the overwhelming effect weathering sources have on seawater Os isotope composition. Further, these findings demonstrate that the residence time of Os is shorter than previous estimates of ∼104 yr.

Robust Design of Sheet Metal Forming Process Based on Kriging Metamodel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xie, Yanmin

2011-08-01

Nowadays, sheet metal forming processes design is not a trivial task due to the complex issues to be taken into account (conflicting design goals, complex shapes forming and so on). Optimization methods have also been widely applied in sheet metal forming. Therefore, proper design methods to reduce time and costs have to be developed mostly based on computer aided procedures. At the same time, the existence of variations during manufacturing processes significantly may influence final product quality, rendering non-robust optimal solutions. In this paper, a small size of design of experiments is conducted to investigate how a stochastic behavior of noise factors affects drawing quality. The finite element software (LS_DYNA) is used to simulate the complex sheet metal stamping processes. The Kriging metamodel is adopted to map the relation between input process parameters and part quality. Robust design models for sheet metal forming process integrate adaptive importance sampling with Kriging model, in order to minimize impact of the variations and achieve reliable process parameters. In the adaptive sample, an improved criterion is used to provide direction in which additional training samples can be added to better the Kriging model. Nonlinear functions as test functions and a square stamping example (NUMISHEET'93) are employed to verify the proposed method. Final results indicate application feasibility of the aforesaid method proposed for multi-response robust design.

Reliability and reproducibility of several methods of arthroscopic assessment of femoral tunnel position during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

PubMed

Ilahi, Omer A; Mansfield, David J; Urrea, Luis H; Qadeer, Ali A

2014-10-01

To assess interobserver and intraobserver agreement of estimating anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) femoral tunnel positioning arthroscopically using circular and linear (noncircular) estimation methods and to determine whether overlay template visual aids improve agreement. Standardized intraoperative pictures of femoral tunnel pilot holes (taken with a 30° arthroscope through an anterolateral portal at 90° of knee flexion with horizontal being parallel to the tibial surface) in 27 patients undergoing single-bundle ACL reconstruction were presented to 3 fellowship-trained arthroscopists on 2 separate occasions. On both viewings, each surgeon estimated the femoral tunnel pilot hole location to the nearest half-hour mark using a whole clock face and half clock face, to the nearest 15° using a whole compass and half compass, in the top or bottom half of a linear quadrant, and in the top or bottom half of a linear trisector. Evaluations were performed first without and then with an overlay template of each estimation method. The average difference among reviewers was quite similar for all 4 circular methods with the use of visual aids. Without overlay template visual aids, pair-wise κ statistic values for interobserver agreement ranged from -0.14 to 0.56 for the whole clock face and from 0.16 to 0.42 for the half clock face. With overlay visual guides, interobserver agreement ranged from 0.29 to 0.63 for the whole clock face and from 0.17 to 0.66 for the half clock face. The quadrant method's interobserver agreement ranged from 0.22 to 0.60, and that of the trisection method ranged from 0.17 to 0.57. Neither linear estimation method's reliability uniformly improved with the use of overlay templates. Intraobserver agreement without overlay templates ranged from 0.17 to 0.49 for the whole clock face, 0.11 to 0.47 for the half clock face, 0.01 to 0.66 for the quadrant method, and 0.20 to 0.57 for the trisection method. Use of overlay templates did not uniformly improve intraobserver agreement for any estimation method. There does not appear to be any advantage of using a half clock face or compass for estimating femoral tunnel position compared with a whole clock-face analogy. Visual reference aids appear to improve interobserver agreement (reliability) of circular analogies. The linear quadrant appears to be the most reliable method (fair to moderate agreement) for estimating femoral tunnel position without a visual aid for reference, but even better reliability, ranging from fair to good agreement, may be obtained by using the whole clock-face analogy with a visual aid. Increasing femoral tunnel position reliability may improve outcomes of ACL reconstruction surgery. Copyright © 2014 Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Analysis of Magnetic Flux Rope Chains Embedded in Martian Current Sheets Using MAVEN Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bowers, C. F.; DiBraccio, G. A.; Brain, D.; Hara, T.; Gruesbeck, J.; Espley, J. R.; Connerney, J. E. P.; Halekas, J. S.

2017-12-01

The magnetotail of Mars is formed as the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) drapes around the planet's conducting ionosphere and localized crustal magnetic fields. In this scenario, a cross-tail current sheet separates the sunward and anti-sunward tail lobes. This tail current sheet is a highly dynamic region where magnetic reconnection is able to occur between the oppositely oriented fields. Magnetic flux ropes, a by-product of magnetic reconnection in the tail or in the ionosphere characterized by their helical outer wraps and strong axial core field, are commonly observed in the Martian magnetotail. An initial study using Mars Global Surveyor measurements reported a chain of flux ropes in the tail. During this event, 3 flux ropes were observed during a single traversal of the tail current sheet with a duration of 4 minutes. Here, we perform a statistical survey of these chain-of-flux-rope events to characterize their occurrence in the tail current sheet using Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) data. We implement the well-established technique of Minimum Variance Analysis to confirm the helical structure of the flux ropes and also determine local current sheet orientation. Thorough visual examination of more than 1600 orbits has resulted in the identification of 784 tail current sheet traversals. We determine the current sheet thickness to be on the order of 100-1000 km. From these current sheet observations, a subset of 30 events include embedded chain of flux ropes within the current sheet structure. We find that 87% of these flux rope chain events are identified in the southern latitude regions of Mars, associated with crustal fields. Their location suggests that magnetic reconnection occurring near crustal fields may be the source of these flux ropes. These statistical measurements of both current sheets and associated flux rope chains provide information about the complex magnetospheric dynamics at Mars, and how these dynamics affect atmospheric loss to space.

A vapor generator for transonic flow visualization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bruce, Robert A.; Hess, Robert W.; Rivera, Jose A., Jr.

1989-01-01

A vapor generator was developed for use in the NASA Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel (TDT). Propylene glycol was used as the vapor material. The vapor generator system was evaluated in a laboratory setting and then used in the TDT as part of a laser light sheet flow visualization system. The vapor generator provided satisfactory seeding of the air flow with visible condensate particles, smoke, for tests ranging from low subsonic through transonic speeds for tunnel total pressures from atmospheric pressure down to less than 0.1 atmospheric pressure.

Highly stretchable electroluminescent skin for optical signaling and tactile sensing.

PubMed

Larson, C; Peele, B; Li, S; Robinson, S; Totaro, M; Beccai, L; Mazzolai, B; Shepherd, R

2016-03-04

Cephalopods such as octopuses have a combination of a stretchable skin and color-tuning organs to control both posture and color for visual communication and disguise. We present an electroluminescent material that is capable of large uniaxial stretching and surface area changes while actively emitting light. Layers of transparent hydrogel electrodes sandwich a ZnS phosphor-doped dielectric elastomer layer, creating thin rubber sheets that change illuminance and capacitance under deformation. Arrays of individually controllable pixels in thin rubber sheets were fabricated using replica molding and were subjected to stretching, folding, and rolling to demonstrate their use as stretchable displays. These sheets were then integrated into the skin of a soft robot, providing it with dynamic coloration and sensory feedback from external and internal stimuli. Copyright © 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Information technology aided exploration of system design spaces

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Feather, Martin S.; Kiper, James D.; Kalafat, Selcuk

2004-01-01

We report on a practical application of information technology techniques to aid system engineers effectively explore large design spaces. We make use of heuristic search, visualization and data mining, the combination of which we have implemented wtihin a risk management tool in use at JPL and NASA.

Calendar Instruments in Retrospective Web Surveys

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glasner, Tina; van der Vaart, Wander; Dijkstra, Wil

2015-01-01

Calendar instruments incorporate aided recall techniques such as temporal landmarks and visual time lines that aim to reduce response error in retrospective surveys. Those calendar instruments have been used extensively in off-line research (e.g., computer-aided telephone interviews, computer assisted personal interviewing, and paper and pen…

Stereo photos for evaluating jack pine slash fuels.

Treesearch

Richard W. Blank

1982-01-01

Describes a quick, visual method for estimating jack pine logging residue and other fuels. The method uses a series of large color photographs and stereo pairs as well as data sheets that detail size classes and loadings of the logging slash and other fuels.

Visualization of flow during cleaning process on a liquid nanofibrous filter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bílek, P.

2017-10-01

This paper deals with visualization of flow during cleaning process on a nanofibrous filter. Cleaning of a filter is very important part of the filtration process which extends lifetime of the filter and improve filtration properties. Cleaning is carried out on flat-sheet filters, where particles are deposited on the filter surface and form a filtration cake. The cleaning process dislodges the deposited filtration cake, which is loose from the membrane surface to the retentate flow. The blocked pores in the filter are opened again and hydrodynamic properties are restored. The presented optical method enables to see flow behaviour in a thin laser sheet on the inlet side of a tested filter during the cleaning process. The local concentration of solid particles is possible to estimate and achieve new information about the cleaning process. In the article is described the cleaning process on nanofibrous membranes for waste water treatment. The hydrodynamic data were compared to the images of the cleaning process.

Immunostaining, dehydration, and clearing of mouse embryos for ultramicroscopy.

PubMed

Becker, Klaus; Jährling, Nina; Saghafi, Saiedeh; Dodt, Hans-Ulrich

2013-08-01

This protocol describes the preparation of mouse embryos for ultramicroscopy (UM), a powerful imaging technique that achieves precise and accurate three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of intact macroscopic specimens with micrometer resolution. In UM, a specimen in the size range of ∼1-15 mm is illuminated perpendicular to the observation pathway by two thin counterpropagating sheets of laser light. In combination with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) immunostaining, UM allows visualization of somatic motor and sensorial nerve fibers in whole mouse embryos. Even the fine branches of the sensomotoric fibers can be visualized over a distance of up to several millimeters. In this protocol, mouse embryos are fixed and immunostained in preparation for UM. Because UM requires the excitation light sheet to travel throughout the entire horizontal width of the specimen, specimens usually have to be rendered transparent before microscope inspection. Here, the embryos are dehydrated in ethanol and then cleared in a solution of benzyl alcohol and benzyl benzoate.

Instantaneous three-dimensional visualization of concentration distributions in turbulent flows with crossed-plane laser-induced fluorescence imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoffmann, A.; Zimmermann, F.; Scharr, H.; Krömker, S.; Schulz, C.

2005-01-01

A laser-based technique for measuring instantaneous three-dimensional species concentration distributions in turbulent flows is presented. The laser beam from a single laser is formed into two crossed light sheets that illuminate the area of interest. The laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) signal emitted from excited species within both planes is detected with a single camera via a mirror arrangement. Image processing enables the reconstruction of the three-dimensional data set in close proximity to the cutting line of the two light sheets. Three-dimensional intensity gradients are computed and compared to the two-dimensional projections obtained from the two directly observed planes. Volume visualization by digital image processing gives unique insight into the three-dimensional structures within the turbulent processes. We apply this technique to measurements of toluene-LIF in a turbulent, non-reactive mixing process of toluene and air and to hydroxyl (OH) LIF in a turbulent methane-air flame upon excitation at 248 nm with a tunable KrF excimer laser.

VID-R and SCAN: Tools and Methods for the Automated Analysis of Visual Records.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ekman, Paul; And Others

The VID-R (Visual Information Display and Retrieval) system that enables computer-aided analysis of visual records is composed of a film-to-television chain, two videotape recorders with complete remote control of functions, a video-disc recorder, three high-resolution television monitors, a teletype, a PDP-8, a video and audio interface, three…

The use of VIEWIT and perspective plot to assist in determining the landscape's visual absorption capability

Treesearch

Wayne Tlusty

1979-01-01

The concept of Visual Absorption Capability (VAC) is widely used by Forest Service Landscape Architects. The use of computer generated graphics can aid in combining times an area is seen, distance from observer and land aspect relative viewer; to determine visual magnitude. Perspective Plot allows both fast and inexpensive graphic analysis of VAC allocations, for...

An Evaluation of the Conservative Dual-Criterion Method for Teaching University Students to Visually Inspect AB-Design Graphs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stewart, Kelise K.; Carr, James E.; Brandt, Charles W.; McHenry, Meade M.

2007-01-01

The present study evaluated the effects of both a traditional lecture and the conservative dual-criterion (CDC) judgment aid on the ability of 6 university students to visually inspect AB-design line graphs. The traditional lecture reliably failed to improve visual inspection accuracy, whereas the CDC method substantially improved the performance…

Visual function at altitude under night vision assisted conditions.

PubMed

Vecchi, Diego; Morgagni, Fabio; Guadagno, Anton G; Lucertini, Marco

2014-01-01

Hypoxia, even mild, is known to produce negative effects on visual function, including decreased visual acuity and sensitivity to contrast, mostly in low light. This is of special concern when night vision devices (NVDs) are used during flight because they also provide poor images in terms of resolution and contrast. While wearing NVDs in low light conditions, 16 healthy male aviators were exposed to a simulated altitude of 12,500 ft in a hypobaric chamber. Snellen visual acuity decreased in normal light from 28.5 +/- 4.2/20 (normoxia) to 37.2 +/- 7.4/20 (hypoxia) and, in low light, from 33.8 +/- 6.1/20 (normoxia) to 42.2 +/- 8.4/20 (hypoxia), both at a significant level. An association was found between blood oxygen saturation and visual acuity without significance. No changes occurred in terms of sensitivity to contrast. Our data demonstrate that mild hypoxia is capable of affecting visual acuity and the photopic/high mesopic range of NVD-aided vision. This may be due to several reasons, including the sensitivity to hypoxia of photoreceptors and other retinal cells. Contrast sensitivity is possibly preserved under NVD-aided vision due to its dependency on the goggles' gain.

Handbook for Teachers of the Visually Handicapped.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Napier, Grace D.; Weishahn, Mel W.

Designed to aid the inexperienced teacher of the visually handicapped, the handbook examines aspects of program objectives, content, philosophy, methods, eligibility, and placement procedures. The guide to material selection provides specific information on the acquisition of Braille materials, large type materials, recorded materials, direct…

Astronaut Charles Conrad during visual acuity experiments over Laredo

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1965-01-01

Astronaut Charles Conrad Jr., pilot for the prime crew on the Gemini 5 space flight, takes pictures of predetermined land areas during visual acuity experiments over Laredo, Texas. The experiments will aid in learning to identify known terrestrial features under controlled conditions.

Visual focus stimulator aids in study of the eye's focusing action

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cornsweet, T. N.; Crane, H. D.

1970-01-01

Optical apparatus varies apparent distance of a target image from the eye by means of reflectors that are moved orthogonally to the optical axis between fixed lenses. Apparatus can be pointed at any object, test pattern, or other visual display.

Aurally aided visual search performance in a dynamic environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McIntire, John P.; Havig, Paul R.; Watamaniuk, Scott N. J.; Gilkey, Robert H.

2008-04-01

Previous research has repeatedly shown that people can find a visual target significantly faster if spatial (3D) auditory displays direct attention to the corresponding spatial location. However, previous research has only examined searches for static (non-moving) targets in static visual environments. Since motion has been shown to affect visual acuity, auditory acuity, and visual search performance, it is important to characterize aurally-aided search performance in environments that contain dynamic (moving) stimuli. In the present study, visual search performance in both static and dynamic environments is investigated with and without 3D auditory cues. Eight participants searched for a single visual target hidden among 15 distracting stimuli. In the baseline audio condition, no auditory cues were provided. In the 3D audio condition, a virtual 3D sound cue originated from the same spatial location as the target. In the static search condition, the target and distractors did not move. In the dynamic search condition, all stimuli moved on various trajectories at 10 deg/s. The results showed a clear benefit of 3D audio that was present in both static and dynamic environments, suggesting that spatial auditory displays continue to be an attractive option for a variety of aircraft, motor vehicle, and command & control applications.

Preliminary investigation of visual attention to human figures in photographs: potential considerations for the design of aided AAC visual scene displays.

PubMed

Wilkinson, Krista M; Light, Janice

2011-12-01

Many individuals with complex communication needs may benefit from visual aided augmentative and alternative communication systems. In visual scene displays (VSDs), language concepts are embedded into a photograph of a naturalistic event. Humans play a central role in communication development and might be important elements in VSDs. However, many VSDs omit human figures. In this study, the authors sought to describe the distribution of visual attention to humans in naturalistic scenes as compared with other elements. Nineteen college students observed 8 photographs in which a human figure appeared near 1 or more items that might be expected to compete for visual attention (such as a Christmas tree or a table loaded with food). Eye-tracking technology allowed precise recording of participants' gaze. The fixation duration over a 7-s viewing period and latency to view elements in the photograph were measured. Participants fixated on the human figures more rapidly and for longer than expected based on the size of these figures, regardless of the other elements in the scene. Human figures attract attention in a photograph even when presented alongside other attractive distracters. Results suggest that humans may be a powerful means to attract visual attention to key elements in VSDs.

Visual impairment as an independent risk factor for falls in hospitalized patients.

PubMed

Kasuga, Toshimitsu; Aruga, Fumiko; Ono, Koichi; Hiratsuka, Yoshimune; Murakami, Akira

2017-12-01

To investigate the association between visual impairment and the risk of falls in hospitalized patients. Individually matched case-control study. The medical records of patients who fell while hospitalized at Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center (JTKGMC) from January to December 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. Among them, 36 patients who were recorded as visiting the Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinic from 1 year before to 1 year after the fall were included as cases. As the control subjects, 36 individually matched patients were chosen who were hospitalized in the same beds in the same hospital wards. Visual impairment and blindness were defined according to U.S. criteria. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used for both univariate and multivariate analyses. Based on previous reports, multivariate analysis was performed with adjustment for age, sex, a history of falls, and use of walking aids. This study was approved by the institutional review board of JTKGMC and was performed according to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. The crude odds ratio (OR) for visual impairment was 6.0 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72-49.83). For a history of falls and use of walking aids, the crude OR (95% CI) was 2.5 (0.97-6.44) and 2.8 (0.88-8.64), respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, a history of falls, and use of walking aids, the association between falls and visual impairment was significant (OR: 13.9; 95% CI: 1.0004-194.41). These findings suggest that visual impairment could be an independent risk factor for falls among hospitalized patients. Copyright © 2017 Canadian Ophthalmological Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Incidence and Long-term Outcomes of the HIV-Neuroretinal Disorder in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

PubMed Central

Jabs, Douglas A.; Drye, Lea; Van Natta, Mark L.; Thorne, Jennifer E.; Holland, Gary N.

2014-01-01

Objectives Patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have an abnormality of retina/optic nerve function, manifested as decreased contrast sensitivity (in the absence of ocular opportunistic infections or media opacity), abnormalities on automated perimetry, and loss of retinal nerve fiber layer, even among those with good visual acuity, termed the HIV-neuroretinal disorder. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, incidence, risk factors for, and outcomes of HIV-neuroretinal disorder. Design Prospective cohort study Participants 1822 patients with AIDS without ocular infections or media opacities. Methods Patients with HIV-neuroretinal disorder were identified by a contrast sensitivity < 1.50 log units in either eye in the absence of ocular opportunistic infections or media opacity. Main outcome measures Incidence of HIV-neuroretinal disorder, mortality, visual impairment (visual acuity 20/50 or worse), and blindness (20/200 or worse) on logarithmic visual acuity charts. Results Sixteen percent of participants had HIV-neuroretinal disorder at enrollment. The estimated cumulative incidence by 20 years after AIDS diagnosis was 51% (95% confidence interval [CI] 46%–55%). HIV-neuroretinal disorder was more common in women and African American persons. Risk factors for it included hepatitis C infection, low CD4+ T cells, and detectable HIV RNA in the blood. Patients with HIV neuroretinal disorder had a 70% excess mortality vs. those without it, even after adjusting for CD4+ T cells and HIV load (hazard ratio=1.7, 95% CI= 1.3–2.1, P<0.0001). Patients with HIV-neuroretinal disorder had increased risks of bilateral visual impairment (hazard ratio=6.5, 95% CI=2.6–10.6, P<0.0001) and blindness (hazard ratio=5.9, 95% CI=2.8–13.7, P=0.01) vs. those without HIV neuroretinal disorder. Conclusions HIV-neuroretinal disorder is a common finding among patients with AIDS, and it is associated with an increased mortality and an increased risk of visual impairment. Successful antiretroviral therapy decreases but does not eliminate the risk of HIV-neuroretinal disorder. PMID:25600199

AFB's Computerized Travel Aid: Two Years of Research and Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Uslan, Mark M.; And Others

1983-01-01

Progress on the computerized travel aid, an electronic device, using elements of the Polaroid Sonar Camera and a microprocessor, for visually handicapped persons is reviewed, and research on the effectiveness of various models noted. Recommended modifications touch on aspects of mounting, beam shape, and audible outputs. (CL)

Feeling Jumpy: Teaching about HIV/AIDS

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lesko, Nancy; Brotman, Jennie S.; Agarwal, Ruchi; Quackenbush, Jaime Lynn

2010-01-01

Sexuality education and HIV/AIDS education are arenas of strong feelings. Emotions make sexuality and health lessons peculiar, "thrown together" lessons, and emotions stick to "childhood innocence", "growing up too fast" and even "jump" in response to visuals, say a used condom on an elementary school playground or a pregnant sophomore in a…

APPLICATION OF 3D COMPUTER-AIDED TOMOGRAPHY TO THE QUANTIFICATION OF MARINE SEDIMENT COMMUNITIES IN POLLUTION GRADIENTS

EPA Science Inventory

Computer-Aided Tomography (CT) has been demonstrated to be a cost efficient tool for the qualitative and quantitative study of estuarine benthic communities along pollution gradients.
Now we have advanced this technology to successfully visualize and discriminate three dimen...

Audio-Visual Aids for Cooperative Education and Training.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Botham, C. N.

Within the context of cooperative education, audiovisual aids may be used for spreading the idea of cooperatives and helping to consolidate study groups; for the continuous process of education, both formal and informal, within the cooperative movement; for constant follow up purposes; and for promoting loyalty to the movement. Detailed…

Visual Analysis of Air Traffic Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Albrecht, George Hans; Pang, Alex

2012-01-01

In this paper, we present visual analysis tools to help study the impact of policy changes on air traffic congestion. The tools support visualization of time-varying air traffic density over an area of interest using different time granularity. We use this visual analysis platform to investigate how changing the aircraft separation volume can reduce congestion while maintaining key safety requirements. The same platform can also be used as a decision aid for processing requests for unmanned aerial vehicle operations.

Lighting Up Science for the Visually Impaired.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Billings, Gilbert W.; And Others

1980-01-01

Described are activities designed specifically for visually impaired students, demonstrating (1) meiosis, (2) mass, (3) enzyme-substrate reactions, (4) function and relationships of flowering parts. Employed are tactile and auditory learning aids, such as the tape recorder, electric eye, Braille typewriter, textured fabrics, and three-dimensional…

Optical character recognition reading aid for the visually impaired.

PubMed

Grandin, Juan Carlos; Cremaschi, Fabian; Lombardo, Elva; Vitu, Ed; Dujovny, Manuel

2008-06-01

An optical character recognition (OCR) reading machine is a significant help for visually impaired patients. An OCR reading machine is used. This instrument can provide a significant help in order to improve the quality of life of patients with low vision or blindness.

Possible contribution of ice-sheet/lithosphere interactions to past glaciological changes in Greenland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alley, R. B.; Parizek, B. R.; Anandakrishnan, S.; Pollard, D.; Stevens, N. T.; Pourpoint, M.

2017-12-01

Ice-lithosphere interactions may have influenced the history of ice-sheet sensitivity to climate change. The Greenland ice sheet (GIS) is sensitive to warming, and is likely to be largely removed if subjected to relatively small additional temperature increases. The recent report (Schaefer et al., 2016, Nature) of near-complete GIS removal under modest Pleistocene forcing suggests that GIS sensitivity may be even greater than generally modeled, but lack of major Holocene retreat is more consistent with existing models. As shown by Stevens et al. (2016, JGR), peak lithospheric flexural stresses associated with ice-age GIS cycling are of the same order as dike-driving stresses in plutonic systems, and migrate over ice-age cycles. The full analysis by Stevens et al. suggests the possibility that the onset of cyclic ice-sheet loading allowed deep melt associated with the passage of the Icelandic hot spot beneath Greenland to work up though the crust to or near the base of the ice sheet, helping explain the anomalous geothermal heat fluxes observed at the head of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream and elsewhere in the northern part of GIS. If ice-age cycling aided extraction of an existing reservoir of melted rock, then geothermal heat flux would have risen with the onset of extraction and migration, but with a subsequent fall associated with reservoir depletion. Simple parameterized flow-model simulations confirm intuition that a higher geothermal flux makes deglaciation easier, with the northern part of the ice sheet especially important. Large uncertainties remain in quantification, but we suggest the hypothesis that, following the onset of ice-age cycling, deglaciation of the GIS first became easier and then more difficult in response to feedbacks involving the ice sheet and the geological system beneath. In turn, this suggests that evidence of past deglaciation under moderate forcing is consistent with existing ice-sheet models.

Impact of a visual aid on discordance between physicians and family members about prognosis of critically ill patients.

PubMed

Burelli, Gabrielle; Berthelier, Chloé; Vanacker, Hélène; Descaillot, Léonard; Philippon-Jouve, Bénédicte; Fabre, Xavier; Kaaki, Mahmoud; Chakarian, Jean-Charles; Domine, Alexandre; Beuret, Pascal

2018-06-01

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a visual aid on the discordance about prognosis between physicians and family members. The study was performed in a general intensive care department with two 6-bed units. In the unit A, family members could consult a visual aid depicting day by day the evolution of global, hemodynamic, respiratory, renal and neurological conditions of the patient on a 10-point scale. In the unit B, they only received oral medical information. On day 7 of the ICU stay, the physician and family members estimated the prognosis of the patient among four proposals (life threatened; steady state but may worsen; steady state, should heal; will heal). Then we compared the rate of discordance about prognosis between physicians and family members in the two units. Seventy-nine consecutive patients admitted in the intensive care department and still present at day 7, their family members and physicians, were enrolled. Patients in the two units were comparable in age, sex ratio, reason for admission, SAPS II at admission and SOFA score at day 7. In the unit A, physician-family members discordance about prognosis occurred for 12 out of 39 patients (31%) vs. 22 out of 40 patients (55%) in the unit B (P=0.04). In our study, adding a visual aid depicting the evolution of the condition of critically ill patients day by day to classic oral information allowed the family to have an estimate of the prognosis less discordant with the estimate of the physician. Copyright © 2018 Société française d'anesthésie et de réanimation (Sfar). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Visualization of prostatic nerves by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography

PubMed Central

Yoon, Yeoreum; Jeon, Seung Hwan; Park, Yong Hyun; Jang, Won Hyuk; Lee, Ji Youl; Kim, Ki Hean

2016-01-01

Preservation of prostatic nerves is critical to recovery of a man’s sexual potency after radical prostatectomy. A real-time imaging method of prostatic nerves will be helpful for nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy (NSRP). Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT), which provides both structural and birefringent information of tissue, was applied for detection of prostatic nerves in both rat and human prostate specimens, ex vivo. PS-OCT imaging of rat prostate specimens visualized highly scattering and birefringent fibrous structures superficially, and these birefringent structures were confirmed to be nerves by histology or multiphoton microscopy (MPM). PS-OCT could easily distinguish these birefringent structures from surrounding other tissue compartments such as prostatic glands and fats. PS-OCT imaging of human prostatectomy specimens visualized two different birefringent structures, appearing fibrous and sheet-like. The fibrous ones were confirmed to be nerves by histology, and the sheet-like ones were considered to be fascias surrounding the human prostate. PS-OCT imaging of human prostatectomy specimens along the perimeter showed spatial variation in the amount of birefringent fibrous structures which was consistent with anatomy. These results demonstrate the feasibility of PS-OCT for detection of prostatic nerves, and this study will provide a basis for intraoperative use of PS-OCT. PMID:27699090

Visual Information for the Desktop, version 1.0

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

2006-03-29

VZIN integrates visual analytics capabilities into popular desktop tools to aid a user in searching and understanding an information space. VZIN allows users to Drag-Drop-Visualize-Explore-Organize information within tools such as Microsoft Office, Windows Explorer, Excel, and Outlook. VZIN is tailorable to specific client or industry requirements. VZIN follows the desktop metaphors so that advanced analytical capabilities are available with minimal user training.

From a Gloss to a Learning Tool: Does Visual Aids Enhance Better Sentence Comprehension?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sato, Takeshi; Suzuki, Akio

2012-01-01

The aim of this study is to optimize CALL environments as a learning tool rather than a gloss, focusing on the learning of polysemous words which refer to spatial relationship between objects. A lot of research has already been conducted to examine the efficacy of visual glosses while reading L2 texts and has reported that visual glosses can be…

Computing Mass Properties From AutoCAD

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, A.

1990-01-01

Mass properties of structures computed from data in drawings. AutoCAD to Mass Properties (ACTOMP) computer program developed to facilitate quick calculations of mass properties of structures containing many simple elements in such complex configurations as trusses or sheet-metal containers. Mathematically modeled in AutoCAD or compatible computer-aided design (CAD) system in minutes by use of three-dimensional elements. Written in Microsoft Quick-Basic (Version 2.0).

Setting Goals and Getting There: Planning Tomorrow Today. BANK-ED II: Personal Money Management Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Butterfield, Sherri M.

The three units in this guide are designed to teach language, mathematics, and social studies skills associated with earning and managing money to students in grades 7-9. Each unit includes notes to aid the teacher in preparing and presenting the material, pre/post tests, and a series of one-page reproducible sheets which contain information or…

Reading performance with low-vision aids and vision-related quality of life after macular translocation surgery in patients with age-related macular degeneration.

PubMed

Nguyen, Nhung X; Besch, Dorothea; Bartz-Schmidt, Karl; Gelisken, Faik; Trauzettel-Klosinski, Susanne

2007-12-01

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the power of magnification required, reading performance with low-vision aids and vision-related quality of life with reference to reading ability and ability to carry out day-to-day activities in patients after macular translocation. This study included 15 patients who had undergone macular translocation with 360-degree peripheral retinectomy. The mean length of follow-up was 19.2 +/- 10.8 months (median 11 months). At the final examination, the impact of visual impairment on reading ability and quality of life was assessed according to a modified 9-item questionnaire in conjunction with a comprehensive clinical examination, which included assessment of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the magnification power required for reading, use of low-vision aids and reading speed. Patients rated the extent to which low vision restricted their ability to read and participate in other activities that affect quality of life. Responses were scored on a scale of 1.0 (optimum self-evaluation) to 5.0 (very poor). In the operated eye, overall mean postoperative BCVA (distance) was not significantly better than mean preoperative BCVA (0.11 +/- 0.06 and 0.15 +/- 0.08, respectively; p = 0.53). However, 53% of patients reported a subjective increase in visual function after treatment. At the final visit, the mean magnification required was x 7.7 +/- 6.7. A total of 60% of patients needed optical magnifiers for reading and in 40% of patients closed-circuit TV systems were necessary. All patients were able to read newspaper print using adapted low-vision aids at a mean reading speed of 71 +/- 40 words per minute. Mean self-reported scores were 3.2 +/- 1.1 for reading, 2.5 +/- 0.7 for day-to-day activities and 2.7 +/- 3.0 for outdoor walking and using steps or stairs. Patients' levels of dependency were significantly correlated with scores for reading (p = 0.01), day-to-day activities (p < 0.001) and outdoor walking and using steps (p = 0.001). The evaluation of self-reported visual function and vision-related quality of life in patients after macular translocation is necessary to obtain detailed information on treatment effects. Our results indicated improvement in patients' subjective evaluations of visual function, without significant improvement in visual acuity. The postoperative clinical benefits of treatment coincide with subjective benefits in terms of reading ability, quality of life and patient satisfaction. Our study confirms the importance and efficiency of visual rehabilitation with aids for low vision after surgery.

Modelling terahertz radiation absorption and reflection with computational phantoms of skin and associated appendages

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vilagosh, Zoltan; Lajevardipour, Alireza; Wood, Andrew

2018-01-01

Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) computational phantoms aid the analysis of THz radiation interaction with human skin. The presented computational phantoms have accurate anatomical layering and electromagnetic properties. A novel "large sheet" simulation technique is used allowing for a realistic representation of lateral absorption and reflection of in-vivo measurements. Simulations carried out to date have indicated that hair follicles act as THz propagation channels and confirms the possible role of melanin, both in nevi and skin pigmentation, to act as a significant absorber of THz radiation. A novel freezing technique has promise in increasing the depth of skin penetration of THz radiation to aid diagnostic imaging.

High-throughput isotropic mapping of whole mouse brain using multi-view light-sheet microscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nie, Jun; Li, Yusha; Zhao, Fang; Ping, Junyu; Liu, Sa; Yu, Tingting; Zhu, Dan; Fei, Peng

2018-02-01

Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) uses an additional laser-sheet to illuminate selective planes of the sample, thereby enabling three-dimensional imaging at high spatial-temporal resolution. These advantages make LSFM a promising tool for high-quality brain visualization. However, even by the use of LSFM, the spatial resolution remains insufficient to resolve the neural structures across a mesoscale whole mouse brain in three dimensions. At the same time, the thick-tissue scattering prevents a clear observation from the deep of brain. Here we use multi-view LSFM strategy to solve this challenge, surpassing the resolution limit of standard light-sheet microscope under a large field-of-view (FOV). As demonstrated by the imaging of optically-cleared mouse brain labelled with thy1-GFP, we achieve a brain-wide, isotropic cellular resolution of 3μm. Besides the resolution enhancement, multi-view braining imaging can also recover complete signals from deep tissue scattering and attenuation. The identification of long distance neural projections across encephalic regions can be identified and annotated as a result.

Developing a schedule to identify social communication difficulties and autism spectrum disorder in young children with visual impairment.

PubMed

Absoud, Michael; Parr, Jeremy R; Salt, Alison; Dale, Naomi

2011-03-01

Available observational tools used in the identification of social communication difficulties and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) rely partly on visual behaviours and therefore may not be valid in children with visual impairment. A pilot observational instrument, the Visual Impairment and Social Communication Schedule (VISS), was developed to aid in identifying social communication difficulties and ASD in young children with visual impairment affected by congenital disorders of the peripheral visual system (disorders of the globe, retina, and anterior optic nerve). The VISS was administered to 23 consecutive children (age range 1 y 9 mo-6 y 11 mo, mean 4 y 1 mo [SD 1.6]; 12 males, 11 females) with visual impairment (nine with severe and 14 with profound visual impairment). Item analysis was carried out by fit of the items to the Rasch model. Validity of the VISS was explored by comparison with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) score, and the clinical ASD diagnosis (n=9). Correlation between the VISS and CARS total scores was highly significant (Spearman's rho=-0.89; p=0.01). Below threshold rating on the VISS (score of 35) showed good agreement with the clinical ASD diagnosis (sensitivity 89%, specificity 100%). This preliminary study shows the VISS to be a promising schedule to aid the identification of ASD in young children with visual impairment. © The Authors. Journal compilation © Mac Keith Press 2010.

Manufacture of a four-sheet complex component from different titanium alloys by superplastic forming

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Allazadeh, M. R.; Zuelli, N.

2017-10-01

A superplastic forming (SPF) technology process was deployed to form a complex component with eight-pocket from a four-sheet sandwich panel sheetstock. Six sheetstock packs were composed of two core sheets made of Ti-6Al-4V or Ti-5Al-4Cr-4Mo-2Sn-2Zr titanium alloy and two skin sheets made of Ti-6Al-4V or Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo titanium alloy in three different combinations. The sheets were welded with two subsequent welding patterns over the core and skin sheets to meet the required component's details. The applied welding methods were intermittent and continuous resistance seam welding for bonding the core sheets to each other and the skin sheets over the core panel, respectively. The final component configuration was predicted based on the die drawings and finite element method (FEM) simulations for the sandwich panels. An SPF system set-up with two inlet gas pipe feeding facilitated the trials to deliver two pressure-time load cycles acting simultaneously which were extracted from FEM analysis for specific forming temperature and strain rate. The SPF pressure-time cycles were optimized via GOM scanning and visually inspecting some sections of the packs in order to assess the levels of core panel formation during the inflation process of the sheetstock. Two sets of GOM scan results were compared via GOM software to inspect the surface and internal features of the inflated multisheet packs. The results highlighted the capability of the tested SPF process to form complex components from a flat multisheet pack made of different titanium alloys.

LASER APPLICATIONS AND OTHER TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS: Characterisation of optically cleared paper by optical coherence tomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fabritius, T.; Alarousu, E.; Prykäri, T.; Hast, J.; Myllylä, Risto

2006-02-01

Due to the highly light scattering nature of paper, the imaging depth of optical methods such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) is limited. In this work, we study the effect of refractive index matching on improving the imaging depth of OCT in paper. To this end, four different refractive index matching liquids (ethanol, 1-pentanol, glycerol and benzyl alcohol) with a refraction index between 1.359 and 1.538 were used in experiments. Low coherent light transmission was studied in commercial copy paper sheets, and the results indicate that benzyl alcohol offers the best improvement in imaging depth, while also being sufficiently stable for the intended purpose. Constructed cross-sectional images demonstrate visually that the imaging depth of OCT is considerably improved by optical clearing. Both surfaces of paper sheets can be detected along with information about the sheet's inner structure.

Temporal Visualization for Legal Case Histories.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harris, Chanda; Allen, Robert B.; Plaisant, Catherine; Shneiderman, Ben

1999-01-01

Discusses visualization of legal information using a tool for temporal information called "LifeLines." Explores ways "LifeLines" could aid in viewing the links between original case and direct and indirect case histories. Uses the case of Apple Computer, Inc. versus Microsoft Corporation and Hewlett Packard Company to…

Direction discriminating hearing aid system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jhabvala, M.; Lin, H. C.; Ward, G.

1991-01-01

A visual display was developed for people with substantial hearing loss in either one or both ears. The system consists of three discreet units; an eyeglass assembly for the visual display of the origin or direction of sounds; a stationary general purpose noise alarm; and a noise seeker wand.

Proceedings of the 24th Project Integration Meeting

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tustin, D.

1984-01-01

Progress made by the Flat-Plate Solar Array Project is described. Reports on silicon sheet growth and characterization, silicon material, process development, high-efficiency cells, environmental isolation, engineering sciences, and reliability physics are presented along with copies of visual presentations made at the 24th Project Integration Meeting.

Improving the knowledge of labour and delivery nurses in India: a randomized controlled trial of mentoring and case sheets in primary care centres.

PubMed

Bradley, Janet; Jayanna, Krishnamurthy; Shaw, Souradet; Cunningham, Troy; Fischer, Elizabeth; Mony, Prem; Ramesh, B M; Moses, Stephen; Avery, Lisa; Crockett, Maryanne; Blanchard, James F

2017-01-07

Birthing in health facilities in India has increased over the last few years, yet maternal and neonatal mortality rates remain high. Clinical mentoring with case sheets or checklists for nurses is viewed as essential for on-going knowledge transfer, particularly where basic training is inadequate. This paper summarizes a study of the effect of such a programme on staff knowledge and skills in a randomized trial of 295 nurses working in 108 Primary Health Centres (PHCs) in Karnataka, India. Stratifying by district, half of the PHCs were randomly assigned to be intervention sites and provided with regular mentoring visits where case sheet/checklists were a central job and teaching aid, and half to be control sites, where no support was provided except provision of case sheets. Nurses' knowledge and skills around normal labour, labour complications and neonate issues were tested before the intervention began and again one year later. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine the effect of mentoring and case sheets. Overall, on none of the 3 measures, did case sheet use without mentoring add anything to the basic nursing training when controlling for other factors. Only individuals who used both case-sheets and received mentoring scored significantly higher on the normal labour and neonate indices, scoring almost twice as high as those who only used case-sheets. This group was also associated with significantly higher scores on the complications of labour index, with their scores 2.3 times higher on average than the case sheet only control group. Individuals from facilities with 21 or more deliveries in a month tended to fare worse on all 3 indices. There were no differences in outcomes according to district or years of experience. This study demonstrates that provision of case sheets or checklists alone is insufficient to improve knowledge and practices. However, on-site mentoring in combination with case sheets can have a demonstrable effect on improving nurse knowledge and skills around essential obstetric and neonatal care in remote rural areas of India. We recommend scaling up of this mentoring model in order to improve staff knowledge and skills and reduce maternal and neonatal mortality in India. This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier No. NCT02004912 , November 27, 2013.

Visualization on triangle concept using Adobe Flash Professional SC6

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sagita, Laela; Ratih Kusumarini, Adha

2017-12-01

The purpose of this paper is to develop teaching aids using Adobe Flash Professional CS6 emphasize on Triangle concept. A new alternative way to deliver a basic concept in geometry with visualization is software Adobe Flash Professional CS 6. Research method is research and development with 5 phase of Ploom’s model, namely (1) preliminary, (2) design, (3) realization/ construction, (4) test, evaluation and revision, and 5) implementation. The results showed that teaching aids was valid, practice, and effective. Validity: expert judgement for material score is 3.95 and media expert judgement produce an average score of 3,2, both in the category are valid. Practically: the average of questionnaire response is 4,04 (good). Effectiveness: n-gain test value is 0,36 (medium). It concluded that developed of teaching aids using Adobe Flash CS6 on triangle can improve student achievement.

Human factors of intelligent computer aided display design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hunt, R. M.

1985-01-01

Design concepts for a decision support system being studied at NASA Langley as an aid to visual display unit (VDU) designers are described. Ideally, human factors should be taken into account by VDU designers. In reality, although the human factors database on VDUs is small, such systems must be constantly developed. Human factors are therefore a secondary consideration. An expert system will thus serve mainly in an advisory capacity. Functions can include facilitating the design process by shortening the time to generate and alter drawings, enhancing the capability of breaking design requirements down into simpler functions, and providing visual displays equivalent to the final product. The VDU system could also discriminate, and display the difference, between designer decisions and machine inferences. The system could also aid in analyzing the effects of designer choices on future options and in ennunciating when there are data available on a design selections.

NASA Dryden flow visualization facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Delfrate, John H.

1995-01-01

This report describes the Flow Visualization Facility at NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California. This water tunnel facility is used primarily for visualizing and analyzing vortical flows on aircraft models and other shapes at high-incidence angles. The tunnel is used extensively as a low-cost, diagnostic tool to help engineers understand complex flows over aircraft and other full-scale vehicles. The facility consists primarily of a closed-circuit water tunnel with a 16- x 24-in. vertical test section. Velocity of the flow through the test section can be varied from 0 to 10 in/sec; however, 3 in/sec provides optimum velocity for the majority of flow visualization applications. This velocity corresponds to a unit Reynolds number of 23,000/ft and a turbulence level over the majority of the test section below 0.5 percent. Flow visualization techniques described here include the dye tracer, laser light sheet, and shadowgraph. Limited correlation to full-scale flight data is shown.

Wind Tunnel Visualization of the Flow Over a Full-Scale F/A-18 Aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lanser, Wendy R.; Botha, Gavin J.; James, Kevin D.; Crowder, James P.; Schmitz, Fredric H. (Technical Monitor)

1994-01-01

The proposed paper presents flow visualization performed during experiments conducted on a full-scale F/A-18 aircraft in the 80- by 120-Foot Wind-Tunnel at NASA Ames Research Center. This investigation used both surface and off-surface flow visualization techniques to examine the flow field on the forebody, canopy, leading edge extensions (LEXs), and wings. The various techniques used to visualize the flow field were fluorescent tufts, flow cones treated with reflective material, smoke in combination with a laser light sheet, and a video imaging system. The flow visualization experiments were conducted over an angle of attack range from 20deg to 45deg and over a sideslip range from -10deg to 10deg. The results show regions of attached and separated flow on the forebody, canopy, and wings. Additionally, the vortical flow is clearly visible over the leading-edge extensions, canopy, and wings.

Teaching Neuroanatomy Using Computer-Aided Learning: What Makes for Successful Outcomes?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Svirko, Elena; Mellanby, Jane

2017-01-01

Computer-aided learning (CAL) is an integral part of many medical courses. The neuroscience course at Oxford University for medical students includes CAL course of neuroanatomy. CAL is particularly suited to this since neuroanatomy requires much detailed three-dimensional visualization, which can be presented on screen. The CAL course was…

Aids to English Language Teaching: Information Guide No. 4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

British Council, London (England). English-Teaching Information Centre.

This is an annotated guide to English language instructional materials useful for both native and non-native speakers of English at primary and secondary levels. Materials relate to and are available in Great Britain; prices and addresses of publishers and suppliers are included. The sections cover: (1) Visual aids specifically designed for…

Novice Interpretations of Progress Monitoring Graphs: Extreme Values and Graphical Aids

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newell, Kirsten W.; Christ, Theodore J.

2017-01-01

Curriculum-Based Measurement of Reading (CBM-R) is frequently used to monitor instructional effects and evaluate response to instruction. Educators often view the data graphically on a time-series graph that might include a variety of statistical and visual aids, which are intended to facilitate the interpretation. This study evaluated the effects…

''Cloud in Cell'' technique applied to the roll up of vortex sheets

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Baker, G.R.

The problem of the roll up of a two dimensional vortex sheet generated by a wing in an ideal fluid is phrased in terms of the streamfunction and the vortex sheet strength. A numerical method is used to calculate the time evolution of the vortex sheet by adapting the ''Cloud In Cell'' technique introduced in solving many particle simulations in plasma physics (see J. P. Christiansen, J. Computational Physics 13 (1973)). Two cases are considered for the initial distribution of circulation, one corresponding to an elliptically loaded wing and the other simulating the wing with a flap deployed. Results indicatemore » that small scale behaviour plays an important part in the roll up. Typically, small scale perturbations result in small structures which evolve into ever increasing larger structures by vortex amalgamation. Conclusions are given from a number of tests exploring the validity of the method. Briefly, small scale perturbations are introduced artificially by the grid; but once the process of vortex amalgamation is well underway, the emerging large scale behaviour is relatively insensitive to the precise details of the initial perturbations. Since clearly defined structures result from the application of this method, it promises to aid considerably in understanding the behaviour of vortex wakes.« less

Visualizing the Quality of Vectur Features - a Proposal for Cadastral Maps

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Navratil, G.; Leopoldseder, V.

2017-09-01

A well-known problem of geographical information is the communication of the quality level. It can be either done verbally / numerically or it can be done graphically. The graphical form is especially useful if the quality has a spatial variation because the spatial distribution is visualized as well. The problem of spatial variation of quality is an issue for cadastral maps. Non-experts cannot determine the quality at a specific location. Therefore a visual representation was tested for the Austrian cadastre. A map sheet was redesigned to give some indication of cadastral quality and presented to both experts and non-experts. The paper presents the result of the interviews.

Hearing loss is negatively related to episodic and semantic long-term memory but not to short-term memory.

PubMed

Rönnberg, Jerker; Danielsson, Henrik; Rudner, Mary; Arlinger, Stig; Sternäng, Ola; Wahlin, Ake; Nilsson, Lars-Göran

2011-04-01

To test the relationship between degree of hearing loss and different memory systems in hearing aid users. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to study the relationship between auditory and visual acuity and different cognitive and memory functions in an age-hetereogenous subsample of 160 hearing aid users without dementia, drawn from the Swedish prospective cohort aging study known as Betula (L.-G. Nilsson et al., 1997). Hearing loss was selectively and negatively related to episodic and semantic long-term memory (LTM) but not short-term memory (STM) performance. This held true for both ears, even when age was accounted for. Visual acuity alone, or in combination with auditory acuity, did not contribute to any acceptable SEM solution. The overall relationships between hearing loss and memory systems were predicted by the ease of language understanding model (J. Rönnberg, 2003), but the exact mechanisms of episodic memory decline in hearing aid users (i.e., mismatch/disuse, attentional resources, or information degradation) remain open for further experiments. The hearing aid industry should strive to design signal processing algorithms that are cognition friendly.

The Use of Animated Videos to Illustrate Oral Solid Dosage Form Manufacturing in a Pharmaceutics Course.

PubMed

Yellepeddi, Venkata Kashyap; Roberson, Charles

2016-10-25

Objective. To evaluate the impact of animated videos of oral solid dosage form manufacturing as visual instructional aids on pharmacy students' perception and learning. Design. Data were obtained using a validated, paper-based survey instrument designed to evaluate the effectiveness, appeal, and efficiency of the animated videos in a pharmaceutics course offered in spring 2014 and 2015. Basic demographic data were also collected and analyzed. Assessment data at the end of pharmaceutics course was collected for 2013 and compared with assessment data from 2014, and 2015. Assessment. Seventy-six percent of the respondents supported the idea of incorporating animated videos as instructional aids for teaching pharmaceutics. Students' performance on the formative assessment in 2014 and 2015 improved significantly compared to the performance of students in 2013 whose lectures did not include animated videos as instructional aids. Conclusions. Implementing animated videos of oral solid dosage form manufacturing as instructional aids resulted in improved student learning and favorable student perceptions about the instructional approach. Therefore, use of animated videos can be incorporated in pharmaceutics teaching to enhance visual learning.

The Use of Animated Videos to Illustrate Oral Solid Dosage Form Manufacturing in a Pharmaceutics Course

PubMed Central

Roberson, Charles

2016-01-01

Objective. To evaluate the impact of animated videos of oral solid dosage form manufacturing as visual instructional aids on pharmacy students’ perception and learning. Design. Data were obtained using a validated, paper-based survey instrument designed to evaluate the effectiveness, appeal, and efficiency of the animated videos in a pharmaceutics course offered in spring 2014 and 2015. Basic demographic data were also collected and analyzed. Assessment data at the end of pharmaceutics course was collected for 2013 and compared with assessment data from 2014, and 2015. Assessment. Seventy-six percent of the respondents supported the idea of incorporating animated videos as instructional aids for teaching pharmaceutics. Students’ performance on the formative assessment in 2014 and 2015 improved significantly compared to the performance of students in 2013 whose lectures did not include animated videos as instructional aids. Conclusions. Implementing animated videos of oral solid dosage form manufacturing as instructional aids resulted in improved student learning and favorable student perceptions about the instructional approach. Therefore, use of animated videos can be incorporated in pharmaceutics teaching to enhance visual learning. PMID:27899837

An Evaluation Of Holograms In Training And As Job Performance Aids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Frey, Allan H.

1986-08-01

Experimentation was carried out to evaluate holograms for use in training and as job aids. Holograms were compared against line drawings and photographs as methods of presenting visual information needed to accomplish a number of tasks. The dependent variables were assembly speed and assembly errors with people unstressed, assembly speed and assembly errors with people stressed, the percentage of discovered errors in assemblies, the number of correct assemblies misidentified as erroneous, and information extraction. Holograms generally were as good as or better visual aids than either photographs or line drawings. The use of holograms tends to reduce errors rather than speed assembly time in the assembly tasks used in these experiments. They also enhance the discovery of errors when the subject is attempting to locate assembly errors in a construction. The results of this experimentation suggest that serious consideration should be given to the use of holography in the development of job aids and in training. Besides these advantages for job aids, other advantages we found are that when page formated information is stored in man-readable holograms they are still useable when scratched or damaged even when similarly damaged microfilm is unuseable. Holography can also be used to store man and machine readable data simultaneously. Such storage would provide simplified backup in the event of machine failure, and it would permit the development of compatible machine and manual systems for job aid applications.

[Automated anesthesia record system].

PubMed

Zhu, Tao; Liu, Jin

2005-12-01

Based on Client/Server architecture, a software of automated anesthesia record system running under Windows operation system and networks has been developed and programmed with Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0, Visual Basic 6.0 and SQL Server. The system can deal with patient's information throughout the anesthesia. It can collect and integrate the data from several kinds of medical equipment such as monitor, infusion pump and anesthesia machine automatically and real-time. After that, the system presents the anesthesia sheets automatically. The record system makes the anesthesia record more accurate and integral and can raise the anesthesiologist's working efficiency.

Forensic Chemistry: The Revelation of Latent Fingerprints

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Friesen, J. Brent

2015-01-01

The visualization of latent fingerprints often involves the use of a chemical substance that creates a contrast between the fingerprint residues and the surface on which the print was deposited. The chemical-aided visualization techniques can be divided into two main categories: those that chemically react with the fingerprint residue and those…

Molecular and Cellular Biology Animations: Development and Impact on Student Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McClean, Phillip; Johnson, Christina; Rogers, Roxanne; Daniels, Lisa; Reber, John; Slator, Brian M.; Terpstra, Jeff; White, Alan

2005-01-01

Educators often struggle when teaching cellular and molecular processes because typically they have only two-dimensional tools to teach something that plays out in four dimensions. Learning research has demonstrated that visualizing processes in three dimensions aids learning, and animations are effective visualization tools for novice learners…

Learning From Pictures.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Catharine M.

Well prepared, carefully chosen, two-dimensional visual aids are valuable in the learning process as a source of information and as a stimulator of student response. A student's visual perception and his degree of self-awareness can be evaluated by his reaction to pictures. At the instructional level, pictures can expand an experience, dramatize a…

From Old Wisdom to Future Trends.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baker, D.

1993-01-01

This article discusses educational services and programs provided by the New Mexico School for the Visually Handicapped. The school provides free appropriate education for children with visual impairments within an array of service models and environments, protects the rights of students with handicaps and their parents, and makes technical aids,…

Binoculars: A Long-Ignored Aid for the Partially Sighted.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Genesky, S. M.

Defined in the booklet is the visually handicapped population that could benefit from use of binoculars, and described with photographs are uses of binoculars and additional equipment. Categories of the visually handicapped and concomitant population sizes are examined to stress the point that approximately 1.64 million Americans are partially…

Technical Drafting and Mental Visualization in Interior Architecture Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arslan, Ali Riza; Dazkir, Sibel Seda

2017-01-01

We explored how beginning-level interior architecture students develop skills to create mental visualizations of three-dimensional objects and environments, how they develop their technical drawing skills, and whether or not physical and computer generated models aid this design process. We used interviews and observations to collect data. The…

Interactivity of Visual Mathematical Representations: Factors Affecting Learning and Cognitive Processes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sedig, Kamran; Liang, Hai-Ning

2006-01-01

Computer-based mathematical cognitive tools (MCTs) are a category of external aids intended to support and enhance learning and cognitive processes of learners. MCTs often contain interactive visual mathematical representations (VMRs), where VMRs are graphical representations that encode properties and relationships of mathematical concepts. In…

Concept Mapping: A Graphical System for Understanding the Relationship between Concepts. ERIC Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Plotnick, Eric

This ERIC Digest discusses concept mapping, a technique for representing the structure of information visually. Concept mapping can be used to brainstorm, design complex structures, communicate complex ideas, aid learning by explicitly integrating new and old knowledge, and assess understanding or diagnose misunderstanding. Visual representation…

Teaching Commercial German Through Advertisements.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heyer, Elfriede A.

Advertisements can be used in many ways to facilitate the teaching of a commercial language. If reproduced as slides or other visual aids, they serve as a visual warm-up exercise for each class period, either reinforcing previously discussed topics or introducing new ones. Catchy headlines in commercials promote rapid expansion of vocabulary and…

Building capacity for skilled birth attendance: An evaluation of the Maternal and Child Health Aides training programme in Sierra Leone.

PubMed

Jones, Susan; Ameh, Charles A; Gopalakrishnan, Somasundari; Sam, Betty; Bull, Florence; Labicane, Roderick R; Dabo, Fatmata; van den Broek, Nynke

2015-12-01

Maternal and Child Health Aides (MCH Aide) in Sierra Leone provide the majority of maternity services at primary care level. To formulate recommendations for improving the quality and scale-up of MCH Aides training an evaluation of all schools across Sierra Leone was undertaken. Structured, direct observation of two randomly selected teaching sessions per school using pre-tested standardised review forms. Event sampling with random selection of timetabled sessions across all 14 MCH Aide Training Schools. All MCH Aide training schools across Sierra Leone. Tutors across 14 MCH Aide training schools observed in August 2013. Assessment of four key elements of teaching and learning: (1) teaching style, (2) use of visual aids, (3) teaching environment and (4) student involvement. In the majority of teaching schools there was over-crowding (11/14), lack of furniture and inconsistent electricity supply. Ten of 26 tutors used lesson plans and teaching was mostly tutor- rather than student-focused. Majority of tutors use a didactic approach rather than active learning methods. Teaching aides were rarely available (15% of lessons). Tutors were knowledgeable in their subject area and there was evidence of an excellent tutor-student relationship. Training for Maternal and Child health Aides relies on teacher focused didactic methods, which may hinder student learning. Teaching and learning within the schools needs to be enhanced by a combination of tutor development and improvements in the learning environment. Interventions to improve the quality of teaching are urgently needed and should include training on teaching techniques and student assessment for tutors, provision of audio visual equipment and teaching aides such as posters and mannequins. Monitoring and Evaluation of interventions is critical to be able to amend the programmes approach and address further challenges at an early stage. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Phased array antenna matching: Simulation and optimization of a planar phased array of circular waveguide elements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dudgeon, J. E.

1972-01-01

A computerized simulation of a planar phased array of circular waveguide elements is reported using mutual coupling and wide angle impedance matching in phased arrays. Special emphasis is given to circular polarization. The aforementioned computer program has as variable inputs: frequency, polarization, grid geometry, element size, dielectric waveguide fill, dielectric plugs in the waveguide for impedance matching, and dielectric sheets covering the array surface for the purpose of wide angle impedance matching. Parameter combinations are found which produce reflection peaks interior to grating lobes, while dielectric cover sheets are successfully employed to extend the usable scan range of a phased array. The most exciting results came from the application of computer aided optimization techniques to the design of this type of array.

Helicopter Visual Aid System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baisley, R. L.

1973-01-01

The results of an evaluation of police helicopter effectiveness revealed a need for improved visual capability. A JPL program developed a method that would enhance visual observation capability for both day and night usage and demonstrated the feasibility of the adopted approach. This approach made use of remote pointable optics, a display screen, a slaved covert searchlight, and a coupled camera. The approach was proved feasible through field testing and by judgement against evaluation criteria.

Applications of CFD and visualization techniques

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Saunders, James H.; Brown, Susan T.; Crisafulli, Jeffrey J.; Southern, Leslie A.

1992-01-01

In this paper, three applications are presented to illustrate current techniques for flow calculation and visualization. The first two applications use a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, FLUENT, performed on a Cray Y-MP. The results are animated with the aid of data visualization software, apE. The third application simulates a particulate deposition pattern using techniques inspired by developments in nonlinear dynamical systems. These computations were performed on personal computers.

Computer-aided Classification of Mammographic Masses Using Visually Sensitive Image Features

PubMed Central

Wang, Yunzhi; Aghaei, Faranak; Zarafshani, Ali; Qiu, Yuchen; Qian, Wei; Zheng, Bin

2017-01-01

Purpose To develop a new computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) scheme that computes visually sensitive image features routinely used by radiologists to develop a machine learning classifier and distinguish between the malignant and benign breast masses detected from digital mammograms. Methods An image dataset including 301 breast masses was retrospectively selected. From each segmented mass region, we computed image features that mimic five categories of visually sensitive features routinely used by radiologists in reading mammograms. We then selected five optimal features in the five feature categories and applied logistic regression models for classification. A new CAD interface was also designed to show lesion segmentation, computed feature values and classification score. Results Areas under ROC curves (AUC) were 0.786±0.026 and 0.758±0.027 when to classify mass regions depicting on two view images, respectively. By fusing classification scores computed from two regions, AUC increased to 0.806±0.025. Conclusion This study demonstrated a new approach to develop CAD scheme based on 5 visually sensitive image features. Combining with a “visual aid” interface, CAD results may be much more easily explainable to the observers and increase their confidence to consider CAD generated classification results than using other conventional CAD approaches, which involve many complicated and visually insensitive texture features. PMID:27911353

Neural Activity Associated with Visual Search for Line Drawings on AAC Displays: An Exploration of the Use of fMRI.

PubMed

Wilkinson, Krista M; Dennis, Nancy A; Webb, Christina E; Therrien, Mari; Stradtman, Megan; Farmer, Jacquelyn; Leach, Raevynn; Warrenfeltz, Megan; Zeuner, Courtney

2015-01-01

Visual aided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) consists of books or technologies that contain visual symbols to supplement spoken language. A common observation concerning some forms of aided AAC is that message preparation can be frustratingly slow. We explored the uses of fMRI to examine the neural correlates of visual search for line drawings on AAC displays in 18 college students under two experimental conditions. Under one condition, the location of the icons remained stable and participants were able to learn the spatial layout of the display. Under the other condition, constant shuffling of the locations of the icons prevented participants from learning the layout, impeding rapid search. Brain activation was contrasted under these conditions. Rapid search in the stable display was associated with greater activation of cortical and subcortical regions associated with memory, motor learning, and dorsal visual pathways compared to the search in the unpredictable display. Rapid search for line drawings on stable AAC displays involves not just the conceptual knowledge of the symbol meaning but also the integration of motor, memory, and visual-spatial knowledge about the display layout. Further research must study individuals who use AAC, as well as the functional effect of interventions that promote knowledge about array layout.

Visual feedback in stuttering therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smolka, Elzbieta

1997-02-01

The aim of this paper is to present the results concerning the influence of visual echo and reverberation on the speech process of stutterers. Visual stimuli along with the influence of acoustic and visual-acoustic stimuli have been compared. Following this the methods of implementing visual feedback with the aid of electroluminescent diodes directed by speech signals have been presented. The concept of a computerized visual echo based on the acoustic recognition of Polish syllabic vowels has been also presented. All the research nd trials carried out at our center, aside from cognitive aims, generally aim at the development of new speech correctors to be utilized in stuttering therapy.

Atypical manifestation of progressive outer retinal necrosis in AIDS patient with CD4+ T-cell counts more than 100 cells/microL on highly active antiretroviral therapy.

PubMed

Vichitvejpaisal, Pornpattana; Reeponmahar, Somporn; Tantisiriwat, Woraphot

2009-06-01

Typical progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN) is an acute ocular infectious disease in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with extremely low CD4+ T-cell counts. It is a form of the Varicella- zoster virus (VZV) infection. This destructive infection has an extremely rapid course that may lead to blindness in affected eyes within days or weeks. Attempts at its treatment have had limited success. We describe the case of a bilateral PORN in an AIDS patient with an initial CD4+ T-cell count >100 cells/microL that developed after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). A 29-year-old Thai female initially diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 1998, presented with bilaterally decreased visual acuity after initiating HAART two months earlier. Multiple yellowish spots appeared in the deep retina without evidence of intraocular inflammation or retinal vasculitis. Her CD4+ T-cell count was 127 cells/microL. She was diagnosed as having PORN based on clinical features and positive VZV in the aqueous humor and vitreous by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Despite combined treatment with intravenous acyclovir and intravitreous ganciclovir, the patient's visual acuity worsened with no light-perception in either eye. This case suggests that PORN should be included in the differential diagnosis of reduced visual acuity in AIDS patients initiating HAART with higher CD4+ T-cell counts. PORN may be a manifestation of the immune reconstitution syndrome.

Slashes to Medicaid pose threat to PWAs.

PubMed

1995-01-01

Congressional proposals are calling for cuts in Medicaid of up to $180 billion over the next 7 years. Because Medicaid is the largest source of health insurance for people living with HIV, the AIDS Action Council is educating policy makers about what is at stake. The Council's work has included testimony before the House Commerce Committee Subcommittee on Health and Environment and participation in a White House briefing on Medicaid sponsored by National AIDS Policy Director, Patsy Fleming, and Clinton's Special Assistant on Health Policy, Chris Jennings. At the briefing, Jennings assured participants that the President pledges to preserve Medicaid's entitlement status and keep cuts well under the Republicans' proposed cut of $182 billion. AIDS Action also prepared fact sheets for 10 states that detail the reliance of the HIV/AIDS community on Medicaid in each of those states. They are also supporting a postcard and telephone campaign organized by the Save Our Security Coalition (SOS), spearheaded by the health policy group Families USA. The postcards oppose Medicare and Medicaid cuts and ask the President to veto any such cuts.

Quality-assurance procedures: Method 5G determination of particulate emissions from wood heaters from a dilution tunnel sampling location

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ward, T.E.; Hartman, M.W.; Olin, R.C.

1989-06-01

Quality-assurance procedures are contained in this comprehensive document intended to be used as an aid for wood-heater manufacturers and testing laboratories in performing particulate matter sampling of wood heaters according to EPA protocol, Method 5G. These procedures may be used in research and development, and as an aid in auditing and certification testing. A detailed, step-by-step quality assurance guide is provided to aid in the procurement and assembly of testing apparatus, to clearly describe the procedures, and to facilitate data collection and reporting. Suggested data sheets are supplied that can be used as an aid for both recordkeeping and certificationmore » applications. Throughout the document, activity matrices are provided to serve as a summary reference. Checklists are also supplied that can be used by testing personnel. Finally, for the purposes of ensuring data quality, procedures are outlined for apparatus operation, maintenance, and traceability. These procedures combined with the detailed description of the sampling and analysis protocol will help ensure the accuracy and reliability of Method 5G emission-testing results.« less

Research issues of geometry-based visual languages and some solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Green, Thorn G.

This dissertation addresses the problem of how to design visual language systems that are based upon Geometric Algebra, and provide a visual coupling of algebraic expressions and geometric depictions. This coupling of algebraic expressions and geometric depictions provides a new means for expressing both mathematical and geometric relationships present in mathematics, physics, and Computer-Aided Geometric Design (CAGD). Another significant feature of such a system is that the result of changing a parameter (by dragging the mouse) can be seen immediately in the depiction(s) of all expressions that use that parameter. This greatly aides the cognition of the relationships between variables. Systems for representing such a coupling of algebra and geometry have characteristics of both visual language systems, and systems for scientific visualization. Instead of using a parsing or dataflow paradigm for the visual language representation, the systems instead represent equations as manipulatible constrained diagrams for their visualization. This requires that the design of such a system have (but is not limited to) a means for parsing equations entered by the user, a scheme for producing a visual representation of these equations; techniques for maintaining the coupling between the expressions entered and the diagrams displayed; algorithms for maintaining the consistency of the diagrams; and, indexing capabilities that are efficient enough to allow diagrams to be created, and manipulated in a short enough period of time. The author proposes solutions for how such a design can be realized.

Autonomous spacecraft rendezvous and docking

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tietz, J. C.; Almand, B. J.

1985-01-01

A storyboard display is presented which summarizes work done recently in design and simulation of autonomous video rendezvous and docking systems for spacecraft. This display includes: photographs of the simulation hardware, plots of chase vehicle trajectories from simulations, pictures of the docking aid including image processing interpretations, and drawings of the control system strategy. Viewgraph-style sheets on the display bulletin board summarize the simulation objectives, benefits, special considerations, approach, and results.

Autonomous spacecraft rendezvous and docking

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tietz, J. C.; Almand, B. J.

A storyboard display is presented which summarizes work done recently in design and simulation of autonomous video rendezvous and docking systems for spacecraft. This display includes: photographs of the simulation hardware, plots of chase vehicle trajectories from simulations, pictures of the docking aid including image processing interpretations, and drawings of the control system strategy. Viewgraph-style sheets on the display bulletin board summarize the simulation objectives, benefits, special considerations, approach, and results.

The J3 SCR model applied to resonant converter simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Avant, R. L.; Lee, F. C. Y.

1985-01-01

The J3 SCR model is a continuous topology computer model for the SCR. Its circuit analog and parameter estimation procedure are uniformly applicable to popular computer-aided design and analysis programs such as SPICE2 and SCEPTRE. The circuit analog is based on the intrinsic three pn junction structure of the SCR. The parameter estimation procedure requires only manufacturer's specification sheet quantities as a data base.

New Abstraction Networks and a New Visualization Tool in Support of Auditing the SNOMED CT Content

PubMed Central

Geller, James; Ochs, Christopher; Perl, Yehoshua; Xu, Junchuan

2012-01-01

Medical terminologies are large and complex. Frequently, errors are hidden in this complexity. Our objective is to find such errors, which can be aided by deriving abstraction networks from a large terminology. Abstraction networks preserve important features but eliminate many minor details, which are often not useful for identifying errors. Providing visualizations for such abstraction networks aids auditors by allowing them to quickly focus on elements of interest within a terminology. Previously we introduced area taxonomies and partial area taxonomies for SNOMED CT. In this paper, two advanced, novel kinds of abstraction networks, the relationship-constrained partial area subtaxonomy and the root-constrained partial area subtaxonomy are defined and their benefits are demonstrated. We also describe BLUSNO, an innovative software tool for quickly generating and visualizing these SNOMED CT abstraction networks. BLUSNO is a dynamic, interactive system that provides quick access to well organized information about SNOMED CT. PMID:23304293

New abstraction networks and a new visualization tool in support of auditing the SNOMED CT content.

PubMed

Geller, James; Ochs, Christopher; Perl, Yehoshua; Xu, Junchuan

2012-01-01

Medical terminologies are large and complex. Frequently, errors are hidden in this complexity. Our objective is to find such errors, which can be aided by deriving abstraction networks from a large terminology. Abstraction networks preserve important features but eliminate many minor details, which are often not useful for identifying errors. Providing visualizations for such abstraction networks aids auditors by allowing them to quickly focus on elements of interest within a terminology. Previously we introduced area taxonomies and partial area taxonomies for SNOMED CT. In this paper, two advanced, novel kinds of abstraction networks, the relationship-constrained partial area subtaxonomy and the root-constrained partial area subtaxonomy are defined and their benefits are demonstrated. We also describe BLUSNO, an innovative software tool for quickly generating and visualizing these SNOMED CT abstraction networks. BLUSNO is a dynamic, interactive system that provides quick access to well organized information about SNOMED CT.

From cyclic ice streaming to Heinrich-like events: the grow-and-surge instability in the Parallel Ice Sheet Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feldmann, Johannes; Levermann, Anders

2017-08-01

Here we report on a cyclic, physical ice-discharge instability in the Parallel Ice Sheet Model, simulating the flow of a three-dimensional, inherently buttressed ice-sheet-shelf system which periodically surges on a millennial timescale. The thermomechanically coupled model on 1 km horizontal resolution includes an enthalpy-based formulation of the thermodynamics, a nonlinear stress-balance-based sliding law and a very simple subglacial hydrology. The simulated unforced surging is characterized by rapid ice streaming through a bed trough, resulting in abrupt discharge of ice across the grounding line which is eventually calved into the ocean. We visualize the central feedbacks that dominate the subsequent phases of ice buildup, surge and stabilization which emerge from the interaction between ice dynamics, thermodynamics and the subglacial till layer. Results from the variation of surface mass balance and basal roughness suggest that ice sheets of medium thickness may be more susceptible to surging than relatively thin or thick ones for which the surge feedback loop is damped. We also investigate the influence of different basal sliding laws (ranging from purely plastic to nonlinear to linear) on possible surging. The presented mechanisms underlying our simulations of self-maintained, periodic ice growth and destabilization may play a role in large-scale ice-sheet surging, such as the surging of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, which is associated with Heinrich events, and ice-stream shutdown and reactivation, such as observed in the Siple Coast region of West Antarctica.

SBOL Visual: A Graphical Language for Genetic Designs.

PubMed

Quinn, Jacqueline Y; Cox, Robert Sidney; Adler, Aaron; Beal, Jacob; Bhatia, Swapnil; Cai, Yizhi; Chen, Joanna; Clancy, Kevin; Galdzicki, Michal; Hillson, Nathan J; Le Novère, Nicolas; Maheshwari, Akshay J; McLaughlin, James Alastair; Myers, Chris J; P, Umesh; Pocock, Matthew; Rodriguez, Cesar; Soldatova, Larisa; Stan, Guy-Bart V; Swainston, Neil; Wipat, Anil; Sauro, Herbert M

2015-12-01

Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL) Visual is a graphical standard for genetic engineering. It consists of symbols representing DNA subsequences, including regulatory elements and DNA assembly features. These symbols can be used to draw illustrations for communication and instruction, and as image assets for computer-aided design. SBOL Visual is a community standard, freely available for personal, academic, and commercial use (Creative Commons CC0 license). We provide prototypical symbol images that have been used in scientific publications and software tools. We encourage users to use and modify them freely, and to join the SBOL Visual community: http://www.sbolstandard.org/visual.

Scalable Visual Analytics of Massive Textual Datasets

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Krishnan, Manoj Kumar; Bohn, Shawn J.; Cowley, Wendy E.

2007-04-01

This paper describes the first scalable implementation of text processing engine used in Visual Analytics tools. These tools aid information analysts in interacting with and understanding large textual information content through visual interfaces. By developing parallel implementation of the text processing engine, we enabled visual analytics tools to exploit cluster architectures and handle massive dataset. The paper describes key elements of our parallelization approach and demonstrates virtually linear scaling when processing multi-gigabyte data sets such as Pubmed. This approach enables interactive analysis of large datasets beyond capabilities of existing state-of-the art visual analytics tools.

Visual Range: Concepts, Instrumental Determination, and Aviation Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-03-01

OF CONTENTS 0NAiRO5NCm Page.. . . .. .... . ... ... .. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION -ls-IB- TI- R/- va-u’ g C-DES- CHAPTER 2 DEFINITION OF TERMS 2-1 2.1...Landing Aids Experiment Station. 3-11 3.8 Locations of transmissometers and ceilometer proposed by Mr. G . H. Stocker of the Landing Aids Experiment Station...his associates, espeofally J. F. Davis and J. C. Wilkerson; to D. H1. Hutchison and G . H. Stocker, Meteorologists at the Landing Aids Experiment Station

Proceedings of the International Conference on Sensory Devices for the Blind (London, England, June, 1966).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dufton, Richard, Ed.

The conference proceedings include papers on sensory aids for visually handicapped mobility and reading. Two papers each treat mobility as a general problem, sociocultural surveys on mobility and reading, and echolocation in man and bats. Five papers concern reports and evaluations of practical trials of the sonic monaural aid; one deals with…

Effects of a Voice Output Communication Aid on Interactions between Support Personnel and an Individual with Multiple Disabilities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schepis, Maureen M.; Reid, Dennis H.

1995-01-01

A young adult with multiple disabilities (profound mental retardation, spastic quadriplegia, and visual impairment) was provided with a voice output communication aid (VOCA) which allowed communication through synthesized speech. Both educational and residential staff members interacted with the individual more frequently when she had access to…

Image-Aided Navigation Using Cooperative Binocular Stereopsis

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-27

Global Postioning System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 IMU Inertial Measurement Unit...an intertial measurement unit ( IMU ). This technique capitalizes on an IMU’s ability to capture quick motion and the ability of GPS to constrain long...the sensor-aided IMU framework. Visual sensors provide a number of benefits, such as low cost and weight. These sensors are also able to measure

The Effectiveness of a Single Intervention of Computer-Aided Argument Mapping in a Marketing and a Financial Accounting Subject

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carrington, Michal; Chen, Richard; Davies, Martin; Kaur, Jagjit; Neville, Benjamin

2011-01-01

An argument map visually represents the structure of an argument, outlining its informal logical connections and informing judgments as to its worthiness. Argument mapping can be augmented with dedicated software that aids the mapping process. Empirical evidence suggests that semester-length subjects using argument mapping along with dedicated…

Demonstration of the Instantaneous Pitch Period Indicator in Classrooms of Deaf Children. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dolansky, Ladislav; And Others

A visual rhythm-intonation-duration display called Instantaneous Pitch-period Indicator (Amplitude-Intonation, Duration) (IPPI-AID) was used in several classrooms in a school for the deaf to determine its usefulness as an electromechanical aid for classroom language instruction with speech/language materials. It was found in all classroom levels,…

Life, Living, and Learning in the Teen Years.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wisconsin State Dept. of Public Instruction, Madison.

This packet contains articles by and for teenagers and articles and tips sheets for educators and parents. Included are: (1) "What Teens Need from Teachers, Parents, and Other Adults" (Stephen Small); (2) "Visually Impaired, Deaf Teens Share Views"; (3) "Teens Benefit from Community Service" (Kelli Krueger); (4) "My Experience in Foster Care;" (5)…

Low-cost solar array project and Proceedings of the 14th Project Integration Meeting

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcdonald, R. R.

1980-01-01

Activities are reported on the following areas: project analysis and integration; technology development in silicon material, large area sheet silicon, and encapsulation; production process and equipment development; and engineering and operations, and the steps taken to integrate these efforts. Visual materials presented at the project Integration Meeting are included.

Direct visualization of pancreatic juice flow using unenhanced MRI with spin labeling can be aid in diagnosing chronic pancreatitis.

PubMed

Sugita, Reiji; Furuta, Akemi; Yamazaki, Tetsuro; Itoh, Kei; Fujita, Naotaka; Takahashi, Shoki

2014-05-01

The purpose of this study is to prospectively assess whether direct visualization of pancreatic juice flow using an unenhanced MRI technique with spin labeling can aid in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. Ten healthy volunteers and 50 patients who were categorized as having no chronic pancreatitis (n = 11), early chronic pancreatitis (n = 7), or established chronic pancreatitis (n = 32) underwent MRI, including direct pancreatic juice visualization using a flow-out technique with a time-spatial labeling inversion pulse, comprising a nonselective inversion recovery pulse immediately followed by a spatially selective inversion labeling pulse. The mean velocities and volumes of pancreatic juice excretion were also obtained. Variance tests were used to evaluate the clinical groups with respect to the appearance rate and mean velocity; the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for volume. There were no significant differences between healthy volunteers and patients with no chronic pancreatitis. The appearance rate, mean velocity, and volume of pancreatic juice excretion tended to decrease with the degree of chronic pancreatitis. Although the difference in these values was statistically significant between the healthy group and the established chronic pancreatitis group, the values of the early group and other groups were not statistically significant. There was a significant correlation between the appearance rate of pancreatic juice and the clinical groups (τ = -0.4376, p = 0.0015). The measurement of directly visualized pancreatic juice flow may aid in establishing the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis.

A study of the rotor wake of a small-scale rotor model in forward flight using laser light sheet flow visualization with comparisons to analytical models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ghee, Terence A.; Elliott, Joe W.

1992-01-01

An experimental investigation was conducted in the 14 by 22 ft subsonic tunnel at NASA Langley Research Center to quantify the rotor wake behind a scale model helicopter rotor in forward flight (mu = 0.15 and 0.23) at one thrust level (C sub T = 0.0064). The rotor system used in the present test consisted of a four-bladed, fully articulated hub and utilized blades of rectangular planform with a NACA-0012 airfoil section. A laser light sheet, seeded with propylene glycol smoke, was used to visualize the flow in planes parallel and perpendicular to the freestream flow. Quantitative measurements of vortex location, vertical skew angle, and vortex particle void radius were obtained for vortices in the flow; convective velocities were obtained for blade tip vortices. Comparisons were made between the experimental results and the wake geometry generated by computational predictions. The results of these comparisons show that the interaction between wake vortex structures is an important consideration for correctly predicting the wake geometry.

Embedding the shapes of regions of interest into a Clinical Document Architecture document.

PubMed

Minh, Nguyen Hai; Yi, Byoung-Kee; Kim, Il Kon; Song, Joon Hyun; Binh, Pham Viet

2015-03-01

Sharing a medical image visually annotated by a region of interest with a remotely located specialist for consultation is a good practice. It may, however, require a special-purpose (and most likely expensive) system to send and view them, which is an unfeasible solution in developing countries such as Vietnam. In this study, we design and implement interoperable methods based on the HL7 Clinical Document Architecture and the eXtensible Markup Language Stylesheet Language for Transformation standards to seamlessly exchange and visually present the shapes of regions of interest using web browsers. We also propose a new integration architecture for a Clinical Document Architecture generator that enables embedding of regions of interest and simultaneous auto-generation of corresponding style sheets. Using the Clinical Document Architecture document and style sheet, a sender can transmit clinical documents and medical images together with coordinate values of regions of interest to recipients. Recipients can easily view the documents and display embedded regions of interest by rendering them in their web browser of choice. © The Author(s) 2014.

Small-scale Magnetic Flux Emergence in the Quiet Sun

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moreno-Insertis, F.; Martinez-Sykora, J.; Hansteen, V. H.; Muñoz, D.

2018-06-01

Small bipolar magnetic features are observed to appear in the interior of individual granules in the quiet Sun, signaling the emergence of tiny magnetic loops from the solar interior. We study the origin of those features as part of the magnetoconvection process in the top layers of the convection zone. Two quiet-Sun magnetoconvection models, calculated with the radiation-magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Bifrost code and with domain stretching from the top layers of the convection zone to the corona, are analyzed. Using 3D visualization as well as a posteriori spectral synthesis of Stokes parameters, we detect the repeated emergence of small magnetic elements in the interior of granules, as in the observations. Additionally, we identify the formation of organized horizontal magnetic sheets covering whole granules. Our approach is twofold, calculating statistical properties of the system, like joint probability density functions (JPDFs), and pursuing individual events via visualization tools. We conclude that the small magnetic loops surfacing within individual granules in the observations may originate from sites at or near the downflows in the granular and mesogranular levels, probably in the first 1 or 1.5 Mm below the surface. We also document the creation of granule-covering magnetic sheet-like structures through the sideways expansion of a small subphotospheric magnetic concentration picked up and pulled out of the interior by a nascent granule. The sheet-like structures that we found in the models may match the recent observations of Centeno et al.

A new research project on the interaction of the solid Earth and the Antarctic Ice Sheet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fukuda, Y.; Nishijima, J.; Kazama, T.; Nakamura, K.; Doi, K.; Suganuma, Y.; Okuno, J.; Araya, A.; Kaneda, H.; Aoyama, Y.

2017-12-01

A new research project of "Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas" funded by JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) has recently been launched. The title of the project is "Giant reservoirs of heat/water/material: Global environmental changes driven by Southern Ocean and Antarctic Ice Sheet", and as a five years project, is aiming to establish a new research area for Antarctic environmental system science. The project consists of 7 research topics, including Antarctic ice sheet and Southern ocean sciences, new observation methodology, modeling and other interdisciplinary topics, and we are involved in the topic A02-2, "Interaction of the solid Earth and the Antarctic Ice Sheet". The Antarctic ice sheet, which relates to the global climate changes through the sea level rise and ocean circulation, is an essential element of the Earth system for predicting the future environment changes. Thus many studies of the ice sheet changes have been conducted by means of geomorphological, geological, geodetic surveys, as well as satellite gravimetry and satellite altimetry. For these studies, one of the largest uncertainties is the effects of GIA. Therefore, GIA as a key to investigate the interaction between the solid Earth and the ice sheet changes, we plan to conduct geomorphological, geological and geodetic surveys in the inland mountain areas and the coastal areas including the surrounding areas of a Japanese station Syowa in East Antarctica, where the in-situ data for constraining GIA models are very few. Combining these new observations with other in-site data, various satellite data and numerical modeling, we aim to estimating a precise GIA model, constructing a reliable ice melting history after the last glacial maximum and obtaining the viscoelastic structure of the Earth's interior. In the presentation, we also show the five years research plans as well. This study was partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant No. 17H06321.

Volleyball. August 1975 - August 1977.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Polvino, Geri, Ed.

This guide is part of a series published by the National Association for Girls and Women in Sport. It contains 16 articles written on various aspects of volleyball, such as (1) volleyball visual aids, (2) a volleyball bibliography, (3) training for volleyball, (4) key visual cues in volleyball, (5) basic agility for beginners, and (6) solving…

Escaping Capture: Bilingualism Modulates Distraction from Working Memory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hernandez, Mireia; Costa, Albert; Humphreys, Glyn W.

2012-01-01

We ask whether bilingualism aids cognitive control over the inadvertent guidance of visual attention from working memory and from bottom-up cueing. We compare highly-proficient Catalan-Spanish bilinguals with Spanish monolinguals in three visual search conditions. In the working memory (WM) condition, attention was driven in a top-down fashion by…

Including a Student with Multiple Disabilities and Visual Impairment in Her Neighborhood School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bowden, J.; Thorburn, J.

1993-01-01

This article discusses mainstreaming of a student (age five) with physical, intellectual, visual, and suspected auditory impairments in her neighborhood school in Auckland, New Zealand. Comments of the people involved in the program, including the principal, teachers, teacher's aide, family members, and fellow pupils are reported; and the success…

Domain Coloring and the Argument Principle

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farris, Frank A.

2017-01-01

The "domain-coloring algorithm" allows us to visualize complex-valued functions on the plane in a single image--an alternative to before-and-after mapping diagrams. It helps us see when a function is analytic and aids in understanding contour integrals. The culmination of this article is a visual discovery and subsequent proof of the…

Three-dimensional visualization system as an aid for facial surgical planning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barre, Sebastien; Fernandez-Maloigne, Christine; Paume, Patricia; Subrenat, Gilles

2001-05-01

We present an aid for facial deformities treatment. We designed a system for surgical planning and prediction of human facial aspect after maxillo-facial surgery. We study the 3D reconstruction process of the tissues involved in the simulation, starting from CT acquisitions. 3D iso-surfaces meshes of soft tissues and bone structures are built. A sparse set of still photographs is used to reconstruct a 360 degree(s) texture of the facial surface and increase its visual realism. Reconstructed objects are inserted into an object-oriented, portable and scriptable visualization software allowing the practitioner to manipulate and visualize them interactively. Several LODs (Level-Of- Details) techniques are used to ensure usability. Bone structures are separated and moved by means of cut planes matching orthognatic surgery procedures. We simulate soft tissue deformations by creating a physically-based springs model between both tissues. The new static state of the facial model is computed by minimizing the energy of the springs system to achieve equilibrium. This process is optimized by transferring informations like participation hints at vertex-level between a warped generic model and the facial mesh.

Orbital endoscopic surgery

PubMed Central

Selva, Dinesh

2008-01-01

Minimally invasive ″keyhole″ surgery performed using endoscopic visualization is increasing in popularity and is being used by almost all surgical subspecialties. Within ophthalmology, however, endoscopic surgery is not commonly performed and there is little literature on the use of the endoscope in orbital surgery. Transorbital use of the endoscope can greatly aid in visualizing orbital roof lesions and minimizing the need for bone removal. The endoscope is also useful during decompression procedures and as a teaching aid to train orbital surgeons. In this article, we review the history of endoscopic orbital surgery and provide an overview of the technique and describe situations where the endoscope can act as a useful adjunct to orbital surgery. PMID:18158397

Vision rehabilitation in the case of blindness.

PubMed

Veraart, Claude; Duret, Florence; Brelén, Marten; Oozeer, Medhy; Delbeke, Jean

2004-09-01

This article examines the various vision rehabilitation procedures that are available for early and late blindness. Depending on the pathology involved, several vision rehabilitation procedures exist, or are in development. Visual aids are available for low vision individuals, as are sensory aids for blind persons. Most noninvasive sensory substitution prostheses as well as implanted visual prostheses in development are reviewed. Issues dealing with vision rehabilitation are also discussed, such as problems of biocompatibility, electrical safety, psychosocial aspects, and ethics. Basic studies devoted to vision rehabilitation such as simulation in mathematical models and simulation of artificial vision are also presented. Finally, the importance of accurate rehabilitation assessment is addressed, and tentative market figures are given.

Hot gas ingestion test results of a two-poster vectored thrust concept with flow visualization in the NASA Lewis 9- by 15-foot low speed wind tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johns, Albert L.; Neiner, George; Bencic, Timothy J.; Flood, Joseph D.; Amuedo, Kurt C.

1990-01-01

A 9.2 percent scale STOVL hot gas ingestion model was tested in the NASA Lewis 9 x 15-foot Low-Speed Wind Tunnel. Flow visualization from the Phase 1 test program, which evaluated the hot ingestion phenomena and control techniques, is covered. The Phase 2 test program evaluated the hot gas ingestion phenomena at higher temperatures and used a laser sheet to investigate the flow field. Hot gas ingestion levels were measured for the several forward nozzle splay configurations and with flow control/life improvement devices (LIDs) which reduced the hot gas ingestion. The test was conducted at full scale nozzle pressure ratios and inlet Mach numbers. Results are presented over a range of nozzle pressure ratios at a 10 kn headwind velocity. The Phase 2 program was conducted at exhaust nozzle temperatures up to 1460 R and utilized a sheet laser system for flow visualization of the model flow field in and out of ground effects. The results reported are for nozzle exhaust temperatures up to 1160 R and contain the compressor face pressure and temperature distortions, the total pressure recovery, the inlet temperature rise, and the environmental effects of the hot gas. The environmental effects include the ground plane contours, the model airframe heating, and the location of the ground flow separation.

Innovative Pressure Sensor Platform and Its Integration with an End-User Application

PubMed Central

Flores-Caballero, Antonio; Copaci, Dorin; Blanco, María Dolores; Moreno, Luis; Herrán, Jaime; Fernández, Iván; Ochoteco, Estíbaliz; Cabañero, German; Grande, Hans

2014-01-01

This paper describes the fully integration of an innovative and low-cost pressure sensor sheet based on a bendable and printed electronics technology. All integration stages are covered, from most low-level functional system, like physical analog sensor data acquisition, followed by embedded data processing, to end user interactive visual application. Data acquisition embedded software and hardware was developed using a Rapid Control Prototyping (RCP). Finally, after first electronic prototype successful testing, a Taylor-made electronics was developed, reducing electronics volume to 3.5 cm × 6 cm × 2 cm with a maximum power consumption of 765 mW for both electronics and pressure sensor sheet. PMID:24922455

Effects of wink glass on blink rate, nibut and ocular surface symptoms during visual display unit use.

PubMed

Ang, Cheah Kiok; Mohidin, Norhani; Chung, Kah Meng

2014-09-01

Wink glass (WG), an invention to stimulate blinking at interval of 5 s was designed to reduce dry eye symptoms during visual display unit (VDU) use. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of WG on visual functions that include blink rate, ocular surface symptoms (OSS) and tear stability during VDU use. A total of 26 young and asymptomatic subjects were instructed to read articles in Malay language with a computer for 20 min with WG whereby their blink rate, pre- and post-task tear break-up time, and OSS were recorded. The results were compared to another reading session of the subjects wearing a transparent plastic sheet as a control. Non-invasive tear break-up time was reduced after reading session with transparent plastic sheet (pre-task = 5.97 s, post-task = 5.14 s, z = -2.426, p = 0.015, Wilcoxon), but remained stable (pre-task = 5.62 s, post-task = 5.35 s, z = -0.67, p = 0.501) during the reading session with WG. The blink rate recorded during reading session with plastic sheet was 9 blinks/min (median) and this increased to 15 blinks/min (z = -3.315, p = 0.001) with WG. The reading task caused OSS (maximum scores = 20) with median score of 1 (0-8) reduced to median score of 0 (0-3) after wearing WG (z = -2.417, p = 0.016). WG was found to increase post-task tear stability, increased blinking rate and reduced OSS during video display unit use among young and healthy adults. Although it may be considered as an option to improve dry eye symptoms among VDU users, further studies are warranted to establish its stability and its effect on subjects with dry eyes.

Flow Visualization of Density in a Cryogenic Wind Tunnel Using Planar Rayleigh and Raman Scattering

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Herring, Gregory C.; Shirinzadeh, Behrooz

2002-01-01

Using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) and a gated, intensified charge-coupled device, planar Rayleigh and Raman scattering techniques have been used to visualize the unseeded Mach 0.2 flow density in a 0.3-meter transonic cryogenic wind tunnel. Detection limits are determined for density measurements by using both unseeded Rayleigh and Raman (N2 vibrational) methods. Seeding with CO2 improved the Rayleigh flow visualization at temperatures below 150 K. The seeded Rayleigh version was used to demonstrate the observation of transient flow features in a separated boundary layer region, which was excited with an oscillatory jet. Finally, a significant degradation of the laser light sheet, in this cryogenic facility, is discussed.

Visual cortex in aging and Alzheimer's disease: changes in visual field maps and population receptive fields

PubMed Central

Brewer, Alyssa A.; Barton, Brian

2012-01-01

Although several studies have suggested that cortical alterations underlie such age-related visual deficits as decreased acuity, little is known about what changes actually occur in visual cortex during healthy aging. Two recent studies showed changes in primary visual cortex (V1) during normal aging; however, no studies have characterized the effects of aging on visual cortex beyond V1, important measurements both for understanding the aging process and for comparison to changes in age-related diseases. Similarly, there is almost no information about changes in visual cortex in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia. Because visual deficits are often reported as one of the first symptoms of AD, measurements of such changes in the visual cortex of AD patients might improve our understanding of how the visual system is affected by neurodegeneration as well as aid early detection, accurate diagnosis and timely treatment of AD. Here we use fMRI to first compare the visual field map (VFM) organization and population receptive fields (pRFs) between young adults and healthy aging subjects for occipital VFMs V1, V2, V3, and hV4. Healthy aging subjects do not show major VFM organizational deficits, but do have reduced surface area and increased pRF sizes in the foveal representations of V1, V2, and hV4 relative to healthy young control subjects. These measurements are consistent with behavioral deficits seen in healthy aging. We then demonstrate the feasibility and first characterization of these measurements in two patients with mild AD, which reveal potential changes in visual cortex as part of the pathophysiology of AD. Our data aid in our understanding of the changes in the visual processing pathways in normal aging and provide the foundation for future research into earlier and more definitive detection of AD. PMID:24570669

Nanocomposites for Enhanced Structural Integrity

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-09-11

Yong and H.T. Hahn, "Kevlar/Vinyl Ester Composites with SiC Nanoparticles ," SAMPE 2004 Proc. ( CD ROM), May 2004. C-6. M. Lui and H.T. Hahn...34 Nanoparticle -Based Mitigation of fiber Print-Through in Composite Mirrors," Proc. American Society for Composites, 20’h Technical Conference ( CD ROM), Sept. 2005...the graphene layers. Microwave radiation aids in drying and results in further separation of the sheets. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the

Advertising for AIDS drugs: it's everywhere lately, but is it helpful?

PubMed

Mirken, B

1998-07-01

The recent proliferation of direct to consumer (DTC) advertisements for prescription drugs, including HIV/AIDS drugs, can present a confusing and unrealistic picture of treatment options and outcomes; however, supporters claim that it stimulates awareness of treatment options and encourages dialogue between doctors and patients. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which regulates DTC advertising, requires that manufacturers disclose a complete description of benefits and adverse effects, similar to the information on the product's label. This balance of information applies to the written portion of the ad, but not to the visual message, which is arguably the most powerful part of the advertisement. Many of the visuals in the AIDS drugs advertisements misconstrue the effect of the virus on the patients. However, the FDA has not yet developed restrictions to more accurately control the visual component of advertisements, in order to depict the downside of disease. Additionally, manufacturers whose advertisements match the wording on their labels have an easier time getting acceptance from the FDA, but use more technical language than the typical lay person can understand. Reliance on the FDA- approved label description, restricts the drug companies from promoting off-label uses of their products, and also does not allow for the constantly changing information of a drug's effectiveness.

A first assessment of Sentinel-3 SAR altimetry over ice sheets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McMillan, M.; Muir, A. S.; Shepherd, A.

2017-12-01

The first Sentinel-3 satellite was launched in 2016 and carries onboard a Ku-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) altimeter. With coverage up to a latitude of 81.5 degrees and a repeat period of 27 days, it offers the opportunity to measure surface topography and elevation change across much of the Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets, therefore continuing the existing 25 year radar altimeter record. The global operation of Sentinel-3 in SAR mode differs from all past Ku-band instruments; for the first time SAR measurements are routinely acquired across the interiors of the ice sheets; however unlike CryoSat-2 it does not carry an interferometer to aid signal retrieval in regions of complex coastal terrain. In view of these differences and the novel characteristics of the Sentinel-3 system, assessments of the performance of the instrument are required, to evaluate the satellite's utility for monitoring Earth's Polar regions. Here, we analyse data acquired during the first year of routine operations, to assess the performance of the Sentinel-3 SAR altimeter to date. We focus both on inland ice sheet regions, where Sentinel-3 provides the first operational SAR altimeter measurements, and also on coastal areas with more complex topography. We investigate SAR waveforms and retrieved elevations in both regions, and through comparison to measurements from earlier missions examine the impact of the different modes of operation. We also conduct a high level evaluation of the data, by comparing it to reference airborne altimetry, to provide an assessment of Sentinel-3 performance to date over ice sheets.

The Role of Color Cues in Facilitating Accurate and Rapid Location of Aided Symbols by Children with and without Down Syndrome

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilkinson, Krista; Carlin, Michael; Thistle, Jennifer

2008-01-01

Purpose: This research examined how the color distribution of symbols within a visual aided augmentative and alternative communication array influenced the speed and accuracy with which participants with and without Down syndrome located a target picture symbol. Method: Eight typically developing children below the age of 4 years, 8 typically…

Computer Simulated Visual and Tactile Feedback as an Aid to Manipulator and Vehicle Control,

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-05-08

STATEMENT ........................ 8 Artificial Intellegence Versus Supervisory Control ....... 8 Computer Generation of Operator Feedback...operator. Artificial Intelligence Versus Supervisory Control The use of computers to aid human operators can be divided into two catagories: artificial ...operator. Artificial intelligence ( A. I. ) attempts to give the computer maximum intelligence and to replace all operator functions by the computer

Can Computer-Based Visual-Spatial Aids Lead to Increased Student Performance in Anatomy & Physiology?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kesner, Michael H.; Linzey, Alicia V.

2005-01-01

InterActive Physiology (IAP) is one of a new generation of anatomy and physiology learning aids with a broader range of sensory inputs than is possible from a static textbook or moderately dynamic lecture. This best-selling software has modules covering the muscular, respiratory, urinary, cardiovascular, and nervous systems plus a module on fluids…

Effectiveness of Teaching Café Waitering to Adults with Intellectual Disability through Audio-Visual Technologies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cavkaytar, Atilla; Acungil, Ahmet Turan; Tomris, Gözde

2017-01-01

Learning vocational skills and employment are a priority, for adults with intellectual disability (AID) in terms of living independently. Use of technologies for the education of AID is one of the primary goals of World Health Organization. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of teaching café waitering to adults with…

Two Adults with Multiple Disabilities Use a Computer-Aided Telephone System to Make Phone Calls Independently

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lancioni, Giulio E.; O'Reilly, Mark F.; Singh, Nirbhay N.; Sigafoos, Jeff; Oliva, Doretta; Alberti, Gloria; Lang, Russell

2011-01-01

This study extended the assessment of a newly developed computer-aided telephone system with two participants (adults) who presented with blindness or severe visual impairment and motor or motor and intellectual disabilities. For each participant, the study was carried out according to an ABAB design, in which the A represented baseline phases and…

Drawing AIDS:Tanzanian Teachers Picture the Pandemic: Implications for Re-Curriculation of Teacher Education Programmes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wood, Lesley; de Lange, Naydene; Mkumbo, Kitila

2013-01-01

In this article, we explain how we engaged teachers in creating their own representations of HIV and AIDS in Tanzania as a starting point for re-curriculation of the undergraduate teacher education programme. We employed a qualitative design, using visual methodologies, to encourage 29 in-service teachers to draw their perceptions about HIV and…

Hearing Loss Is Negatively Related to Episodic and Semantic Long-Term Memory but Not to Short-Term Memory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ronnberg, Jerker; Danielsson, Henrik; Rudner, Mary; Arlinger, Stig; Sternang, Ola; Wahlin, Ake; Nilsson, Lars-Goran

2011-01-01

Purpose: To test the relationship between degree of hearing loss and different memory systems in hearing aid users. Method: Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to study the relationship between auditory and visual acuity and different cognitive and memory functions in an age-hetereogenous subsample of 160 hearing aid users without…

Virtual Environments for People Who Are Visually Impaired Integrated into an Orientation and Mobility Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lahav, Orly; Schloerb, David W.; Srinivasan, Mandayam A.

2015-01-01

Introduction: The BlindAid, a virtual system developed for orientation and mobility (O&M) training of people who are blind or have low vision, allows interaction with different virtual components (structures and objects) via auditory and haptic feedback. This research examined if and how the BlindAid that was integrated within an O&M…

SBOL Visual: A Graphical Language for Genetic Designs

DOE PAGES

Quinn, Jacqueline Y.; Cox, Robert Sidney; Adler, Aaron; ...

2015-12-03

Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL) Visual is a graphical standard for genetic engineering. We report that it consists of symbols representing DNA subsequences, including regulatory elements and DNA assembly features. These symbols can be used to draw illustrations for communication and instruction, and as image assets for computer-aided design. SBOL Visual is a community standard, freely available for personal, academic, and commercial use (Creative Commons CC0 license). We provide prototypical symbol images that have been used in scientific publications and software tools. We encourage users to use and modify them freely, and to join the SBOL Visual community: http://www.sbolstandard.org/visual.

SBOL Visual: A Graphical Language for Genetic Designs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Quinn, Jacqueline Y.; Cox, Robert Sidney; Adler, Aaron

Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL) Visual is a graphical standard for genetic engineering. We report that it consists of symbols representing DNA subsequences, including regulatory elements and DNA assembly features. These symbols can be used to draw illustrations for communication and instruction, and as image assets for computer-aided design. SBOL Visual is a community standard, freely available for personal, academic, and commercial use (Creative Commons CC0 license). We provide prototypical symbol images that have been used in scientific publications and software tools. We encourage users to use and modify them freely, and to join the SBOL Visual community: http://www.sbolstandard.org/visual.

SBOL Visual: A Graphical Language for Genetic Designs

PubMed Central

Adler, Aaron; Beal, Jacob; Bhatia, Swapnil; Cai, Yizhi; Chen, Joanna; Clancy, Kevin; Galdzicki, Michal; Hillson, Nathan J.; Le Novère, Nicolas; Maheshwari, Akshay J.; McLaughlin, James Alastair; Myers, Chris J.; P, Umesh; Pocock, Matthew; Rodriguez, Cesar; Soldatova, Larisa; Stan, Guy-Bart V.; Swainston, Neil; Wipat, Anil; Sauro, Herbert M.

2015-01-01

Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL) Visual is a graphical standard for genetic engineering. It consists of symbols representing DNA subsequences, including regulatory elements and DNA assembly features. These symbols can be used to draw illustrations for communication and instruction, and as image assets for computer-aided design. SBOL Visual is a community standard, freely available for personal, academic, and commercial use (Creative Commons CC0 license). We provide prototypical symbol images that have been used in scientific publications and software tools. We encourage users to use and modify them freely, and to join the SBOL Visual community: http://www.sbolstandard.org/visual. PMID:26633141

Physiotherapy exercise programmes: are instructional exercise sheets effective?

PubMed

Smith, Jo; Lewis, Jeremy; Prichard, Diana

2005-01-01

Effective compliance with physiotherapy exercises is only possible if patients remember the exercises accurately. The purpose of this study was to assess how well elderly in-patients remembered simple physiotherapy exercises, by comparing the ability to accurately reproduce a set of exercises in a group of patients that had received a written exercise sheet, with a group that had not. The study also aimed to investigate the relationship between memory for exercises and cognition. Sixty-four in-patients in an acute hospital were taught 3 exercises. Half of the subjects were randomised to receive exercise sheets to reinforce the teaching (Group 1). The rest of the subjects did not receive this memory aid (Group 2). Two to three days later subjects were asked to demonstrate their exercises. The accurate recall of the exercises was scored using a new assessment scale with a maximum score of 24. The mean exercise score was 17.19 for group 1 (SD = 5.91) and 16.24 for Group 2 (SD = 6.01). There was no significant difference in exercise score between groups (Mann Whitney U test p = 0.44). There was a statistically significant small positive correlation between exercise score and cognition (tau = 0.263). The study showed that older adult in-patients do not remember physiotherapy exercises effectively after a single teaching session and that their memory is not significantly improved by provision of an exercise sheet.

Cytomegalovirus retinitis associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PubMed

Geng, Shuang; Ye, Jun-jie; Zhao, Jia-liang; Li, Tai-sheng; Han, Yang

2011-04-01

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is the most severe intraocular complication that results in total retinal destruction and loss of visual acuity in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This study aimed to investigate the fundus characteristics, systemic manifestations and therapeutic outcomes of CMV retinitis associated with AIDS. It was a retrospective case series. CMV retinitis was present in 39 eyes (25 patients). Best corrected visual acuities, anterior segment, fundus features, fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA) and CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts of the patients with CMV retinitis associated with AIDS were analyzed. Intravitreal injections of ganciclovir (400 µg) were performed in 4 eyes (2 patients). Retinal vasculitis, dense, full-thickness, yellow-white lesions along vascular distribution with irregular granules at the border, and hemorrhage on the retinal surface were present in 28 eyes. The vitreous was clear or mildly opaque. Late stage of the retinopathy was demonstrated in 8 eyes characterized as atrophic retina, sclerotic and attenuated vessels, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy, and optic nerve atrophy. Retinal detachment was found in 3 eyes. The average CD4(+) T-lymphocyte count in peripheral blood of the patients with CMV retinitis was (30.6 ± 25.3) × 10(6)/L (range, (0 - 85) × 10(6)/L). After intravitreal injections of ganciclovir, visual acuity was improved and fundus lesions regressed. CMV retinitis is the most severe and the most common intraocular complication in patients with AIDS. For the patients with yellow-white retinal lesions, hemorrhage and retinal vasculitis without clear cause, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serology should be performed. Routine eye examination is also indicated in HIV positive patients.

Using Visual Aids to Improve Communication of Risks about Health: A Review

PubMed Central

Garcia-Retamero, Rocio; Okan, Yasmina; Cokely, Edward T.

2012-01-01

Recent research has shown that patients frequently experience difficulties understanding health-relevant numerical concepts. A prominent example is denominator neglect, or the tendency to pay too much attention to numerators in ratios (e.g., number of treated patients who died) with insufficient attention to denominators (e.g., overall number of treated patients). Denominator neglect can lead to inaccurate assessments of treatment risk reduction and thus can have important consequences for decisions about health. Here, we reviewed a series of studies investigating (1) different factors that can influence patients' susceptibility to denominator neglect in medical decision making—including numerical or language-related abilities; (2) the extent to which denominator neglect can be attenuated by using visual aids; and (3) a factor that moderates the effectiveness of such aids (i.e., graph literacy). The review spans probabilistic national U.S. and German samples, as well as immigrant (i.e., Polish people living in the United Kingdom) and undergraduate samples in Spain. Theoretical and prescriptive implications are discussed. PMID:22629146

Development of a computer program data base of a navigation aid environment for simulated IFR flight and landing studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bergeron, H. P.; Haynie, A. T.; Mcdede, J. B.

1980-01-01

A general aviation single pilot instrument flight rule simulation capability was developed. Problems experienced by single pilots flying in IFR conditions were investigated. The simulation required a three dimensional spatial navaid environment of a flight navigational area. A computer simulation of all the navigational aids plus 12 selected airports located in the Washington/Norfolk area was developed. All programmed locations in the list were referenced to a Cartesian coordinate system with the origin located at a specified airport's reference point. All navigational aids with their associated frequencies, call letters, locations, and orientations plus runways and true headings are included in the data base. The simulation included a TV displayed out-the-window visual scene of country and suburban terrain and a scaled model runway complex. Any of the programmed runways, with all its associated navaids, can be referenced to a runway on the airport in this visual scene. This allows a simulation of a full mission scenario including breakout and landing.

Using visual aids to improve communication of risks about health: a review.

PubMed

Garcia-Retamero, Rocio; Okan, Yasmina; Cokely, Edward T

2012-01-01

Recent research has shown that patients frequently experience difficulties understanding health-relevant numerical concepts. A prominent example is denominator neglect, or the tendency to pay too much attention to numerators in ratios (e.g., number of treated patients who died) with insufficient attention to denominators (e.g., overall number of treated patients). Denominator neglect can lead to inaccurate assessments of treatment risk reduction and thus can have important consequences for decisions about health. Here, we reviewed a series of studies investigating (1) different factors that can influence patients' susceptibility to denominator neglect in medical decision making--including numerical or language-related abilities; (2) the extent to which denominator neglect can be attenuated by using visual aids; and (3) a factor that moderates the effectiveness of such aids (i.e., graph literacy). The review spans probabilistic national U.S. and German samples, as well as immigrant (i.e., Polish people living in the United Kingdom) and undergraduate samples in Spain. Theoretical and prescriptive implications are discussed.

A visual training tool for the Photoload sampling technique

Treesearch

Violet J. Holley; Robert E. Keane

2010-01-01

This visual training aid is designed to provide Photoload users a tool to increase the accuracy of fuel loading estimations when using the Photoload technique. The Photoload Sampling Technique (RMRS-GTR-190) provides fire managers a sampling method for obtaining consistent, accurate, inexpensive, and quick estimates of fuel loading. It is designed to require only one...

The Film and the ESL Program: To View or Not to View.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bordwell, Constance

1969-01-01

This paper discusses the acquisition of second-language skills through the use of visual aids. In teaching English as a second language, pictures, slides, and film loops are usually presented with appropriate, and more or less predictable, spoken or written English. These visual images, however, may arouse interests beyond the answers provided by…

Readers' Use of Analogic and Visual Aids for Understanding and Remembering Complex Prose.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hayes, David A.

A study researched the differential uses readers make of analogic and visual prompts for understanding and remembering complex prose. Fifty-two eleventh grade students with average and above average reading ability enrolled in a comprehensive high school in central Georgia participated in the study. They were ranked according to their ability to…

The Effect Direction Plot: Visual Display of Non-Standardised Effects across Multiple Outcome Domains

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomson, Hilary J.; Thomas, Sian

2013-01-01

Visual display of reported impacts is a valuable aid to both reviewers and readers of systematic reviews. Forest plots are routinely prepared to report standardised effect sizes, but where standardised effect sizes are not available for all included studies a forest plot may misrepresent the available evidence. Tabulated data summaries to…

Computer-aided visual assessment in mine planning and design

Treesearch

Michael Hatfield; A. J. LeRoy Balzer; Roger E. Nelson

1979-01-01

A computer modeling technique is described for evaluating the visual impact of a proposed surface mine located within the viewshed of a national park. A computer algorithm analyzes digitized USGS baseline topography and identifies areas subject to surface disturbance visible from the park. Preliminary mine and reclamation plan information is used to describe how the...

Intermediate SCDC Spanish Curricula Units. Social Science, Unit 1, Kits 1-4, Supplement & Ditto Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spanish Curricula Development Center, Miami Beach, FL.

Designed for use with the teacher's guide to the intermediate social science unit, the supplement and ditto packet provides visual aids and worksheets for class activities and seatwork for individual students. Visual materials are provided to help stimulate oral language and conceptual development. The worksheets are to be presented under…

A Visual Tool for Computer Supported Learning: The Robot Motion Planning Example

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Elnagar, Ashraf; Lulu, Leena

2007-01-01

We introduce an effective computer aided learning visual tool (CALVT) to teach graph-based applications. We present the robot motion planning problem as an example of such applications. The proposed tool can be used to simulate and/or further to implement practical systems in different areas of computer science such as graphics, computational…

Teaching and Learning Logic Programming in Virtual Worlds Using Interactive Microworld Representations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vosinakis, Spyros; Anastassakis, George; Koutsabasis, Panayiotis

2018-01-01

Logic Programming (LP) follows the declarative programming paradigm, which novice students often find hard to grasp. The limited availability of visual teaching aids for LP can lead to low motivation for learning. In this paper, we present a platform for teaching and learning Prolog in Virtual Worlds, which enables the visual interpretation and…

Changes in Quality of Life in Visually Impaired Patients after Low-Vision Rehabilitation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Renieri, Giulia; Pitz, Susanne; Pfeiffer, Norbert; Beutel, Manfred E.; Zwerenz, Rudiger

2013-01-01

The objective of the study was to assess the impact of low-vision aids on quality of life. Interviews included a modified version of the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (Modified German NEI VFQ-25), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Mini-Mental State Examination Blind, and Indicators of the Rehabilitation…

An Overview of a UK Paediatric Visual Impaired Population and Low Vision Aid Provision

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Theodorou, Nana; Shipman, Tracey

2013-01-01

A retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the paediatric visual impaired population attending the Low Vision Clinic at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, over a period of 14 years. Data were collected and analysed for children less than 17 years for prevalence, demographics, registration status, aetiologies, and types of…

Cardiac Light-Sheet Fluorescent Microscopy for Multi-Scale and Rapid Imaging of Architecture and Function

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fei, Peng; Lee, Juhyun; Packard, René R. Sevag; Sereti, Konstantina-Ioanna; Xu, Hao; Ma, Jianguo; Ding, Yichen; Kang, Hanul; Chen, Harrison; Sung, Kevin; Kulkarni, Rajan; Ardehali, Reza; Kuo, C.-C. Jay; Xu, Xiaolei; Ho, Chih-Ming; Hsiai, Tzung K.

2016-03-01

Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM) enables multi-dimensional and multi-scale imaging via illuminating specimens with a separate thin sheet of laser. It allows rapid plane illumination for reduced photo-damage and superior axial resolution and contrast. We hereby demonstrate cardiac LSFM (c-LSFM) imaging to assess the functional architecture of zebrafish embryos with a retrospective cardiac synchronization algorithm for four-dimensional reconstruction (3-D space + time). By combining our approach with tissue clearing techniques, we reveal the entire cardiac structures and hypertrabeculation of adult zebrafish hearts in response to doxorubicin treatment. By integrating the resolution enhancement technique with c-LSFM to increase the resolving power under a large field-of-view, we demonstrate the use of low power objective to resolve the entire architecture of large-scale neonatal mouse hearts, revealing the helical orientation of individual myocardial fibers. Therefore, our c-LSFM imaging approach provides multi-scale visualization of architecture and function to drive cardiovascular research with translational implication in congenital heart diseases.

Local heat-transfer measurements on a large, scale-model turbine blade airfoil using a composite of a heater element and liquid crystals

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hippensteele, S. A.; Russell, L. M.; Torres, F. J.

1985-01-01

Local heat transfer coefficients were experimentally mapped along the midchord of a five-time-size turbine blade airfoil in a static cascade operated at room temperature over a range of Reynolds numbers. The test surface consisted of a composite of commercially available materials: a mylar sheet with a layer of cholesteric liquid crystals, that change color with temperature, and a heater sheet made of a carbon-impregnated paper, that produces uniform heat flux. After the initial selection and calibration of the composite sheet, accurate, quantitative, and continuous heat transfer coefficients were mapped over the airfoil surface. The local heat transfer coefficients are presented for Reynolds numbers from 2.8 x 10 to the 5th power to 7.6 x 10 to the 5th power. Comparisons are made with analytical values of heat transfer coefficients obtained from the STAN5 boundary layer code. Also, a leading edge separation bubble was revealed by thermal and flow visualization.

Optimization of corn, rice and buckwheat formulations for gluten-free wafer production.

PubMed

Dogan, Ismail Sait; Yildiz, Onder; Meral, Raciye

2016-07-01

Gluten-free baked products for celiac sufferers are essential for healthy living. Cereals having gluten such as wheat and rye must be removed from the diet for the clinical and histological improvement. The variety of gluten-free foods should be offered for the sufferers. In the study, gluten-free wafer formulas were optimized using corn, rice and buckwheat flours, xanthan and guar gum blend as an alternative product for celiac sufferers. Wafer sheet attributes and textural properties were investigated. Considering all wafer sheet properties in gluten-free formulas, better results were obtained by using 163.5% water, 0.5% guar and 0.1% xanthan in corn formula; 173.3% water, 0.45% guar and 0.15% xanthan gum in rice formula; 176% water, 0.1% guar and 0.5% xanthan gum in buckwheat formula. Average desirability values in gluten-free formulas were between 0.86 and 0.91 indicating they had similar visual and textural profiles to control sheet made with wheat flour. © The Author(s) 2015.

Body Image, Self-Esteem, and Health-Related Behaviors among Male and Female First Year College Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lowery, Sarah E.; Kurpius, Sharon E. Robinson; Befort, Christie; Blanks, Elva Hull; Sollenberger, Sonja; Nicpon, Megan Foley; Huser, Laura

2005-01-01

This study examined the relationships among self-esteem, body image, and health-related behaviors of 267 female and 156 male first-year college students. Data were collected in 23 classrooms. Instruments included a demographic sheet, the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale, the Weight and Appearance Visual Analogue Scales, the Contour Drawing…

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cox, Sadie

This fact sheet overviews the benefits of using the RE Data Explorer tool to analyze and develop renewable energy zones. Renewable energy zones are developed through a transmission planning and approval process customized for renewable energy. RE Data Explorer analysis can feed into broader stakeholder discussions and allow stakeholders to easily visualize potential zones. Stakeholders can access pertinent data to inform transmission planning and enable investment.

Automation for nondestructive inspection of aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Siegel, M. W.

1994-01-01

We discuss the motivation and an architectural framework for using small mobile robots as automated aids to operators of nondestructive inspection (NDI) equipment. We review the need for aircraft skin inspection, and identify the constraints in commercial airlines operations that make small mobile robots the most attractive alternative for automated aids for NDI procedures. We describe the design and performance of the robot (ANDI) that we designed, built, and are testing for deployment of eddy current probes in prescribed commercial aircraft inspections. We discuss recent work aimed at also providing robotic aids for visual inspection.