Ship dynamics for maritime ISAR imaging.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Doerry, Armin Walter

2008-02-01

Demand is increasing for imaging ships at sea. Conventional SAR fails because the ships are usually in motion, both with a forward velocity, and other linear and angular motions that accompany sea travel. Because the target itself is moving, this becomes an Inverse- SAR, or ISAR problem. Developing useful ISAR techniques and algorithms is considerably aided by first understanding the nature and characteristics of ship motion. Consequently, a brief study of some principles of naval architecture sheds useful light on this problem. We attempt to do so here. Ship motions are analyzed for their impact on range-Doppler imaging using Inversemore » Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR). A framework for analysis is developed, and limitations of simple ISAR systems are discussed.« less

Using flight simulators aboard ships: human side effects of an optimal scenario with smooth seas.

PubMed

Muth, Eric R; Lawson, Ben

2003-05-01

The U.S. Navy is considering placing flight simulators aboard ships. It is known that certain types of flight simulators can elicit motion adaptation syndrome (MAS), and also that certain types of ship motion can cause MAS. The goal of this study was to determine if using a flight simulator during ship motion would cause MAS, even when the simulator stimulus and the ship motion were both very mild. All participants in this study completed three conditions. Condition 1 (Sim) entailed "flying" a personal computer-based flight simulator situated on land. Condition 2 (Ship) involved riding aboard a U.S. Navy Yard Patrol boat. Condition 3 (ShipSim) entailed "flying" a personal computer-based flight simulator while riding aboard a Yard Patrol boat. Before and after each condition, participants' balance and dynamic visual acuity were assessed. After each condition, participants filled out the Nausea Profile and the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire. Following exposure to a flight simulator aboard a ship, participants reported negligible symptoms of nausea and simulator sickness. However, participants exhibited a decrease in dynamic visual acuity after exposure to the flight simulator aboard ship (T[25] = 3.61, p < 0.05). Balance results were confounded by significant learning and, therefore, not interpretable. This study suggests that flight simulators can be used aboard ship. As a minimal safety precaution, these simulators should be used according to current safety practices for land-based simulators. Optimally, these simulators should be designed to minimize MAS, located near the ship's center of rotation and used when ship motion is not provocative.

The choice of speed and clearance for RAS on 3D method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jian-Fang; Li, Ji-De; Cai, Xin-Gong

2003-12-01

In this paper, a 3D source distribution technique is used to calculate the coupled motions between two ships which advance in the wave with the same speed. The numerical results of coupled motions for a frigate and a supply ship have a good agreement with the experimental results. Based on the 3D coupled motions of two ships, a spectral analysis is employed to clearly observe the effect of speed, clearance and wave heading on the significant relative motion amplitude (SRMA) of two ships. The method presented in this paper will be helpful to select suitable clearance, speed and wave heading for underway replenishment at sea(RAS).

Nonlinear surge motions of a ship in bi-chromatic following waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spyrou, Kostas J.; Themelis, Nikos; Kontolefas, Ioannis

2018-03-01

Unintended motions of a ship operating in steep and long following waves are investigated. A well-known such case is ;surf-riding; where a ship is carried forward by a single wave, an event invoking sometimes lateral instability and even capsize. The dynamics underlying this behavior has been clarified earlier for monochromatic waves. However, the unsteadiness of the phase space associated with ship behavior in a multichromatic sea, combined with the intrinsically strong system nonlinearity, pose new challenges. Here, current theory is extended to cover surging and surf-riding behavior in unidirectional bi-chromatic waves encountering a ship from the stern. Excitation is provided by two unidirectional harmonic wave components having their lengths comparable to the ship length and their frequencies in rational ratio. The techniques applied include (a) continuation analysis; (b) tracking of Lagrangian coherent structures in phase space, approximated through a finite-time Lyapunov exponents' calculation; and (c) large scale simulation. A profound feature of surf-riding in bi-chromatic waves is that it is turned oscillatory. Initially it appears as a frequency-locked motion, ruled by the harmonic wave component dominating the excitation. Transformations of oscillatory surf-riding are realized as the waves become steeper. In particular, heteroclinic tanglings are identified, governing abrupt transitions between qualitatively different motions. Chaotic transients, as well as long-term chaotic motions, exist near to these events. Some extraordinary patterns of ship motion are discovered. These include a counterintuitive low speed motion at very high wave excitation level; and a hybrid motion characterized by a wildly fluctuating velocity. Due to the quite generic nature of the core mathematical model of our investigation, the current results are believed to offer clues about the behavior of a class of nonlinear dynamical systems having in their modeling some analogy with a perturbed pendulum with bias.

Numerical study of a permanent magnet linear generator for ship motion energy conversion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mahmuddin, Faisal; Gunadin, Indar Chaerah; Akhir, Anshar Yaumil

2017-02-01

In order to harvest kinetic energy of a ship moving in waves, a permanent magnet linear generator is designed and simulated in the present study. For the sake of simplicity, only heave motion which will be considered in this preliminary study. The dimension of the generator is designed based on the dimension of the ship. Moreover, in order to designed an optimal design of rotor and stator, the average vertical displacement of heave motion is needed. For this purpose, a numerical method called New Strip Method (NSM) is employed to compute the motions of the ship. With NSM, the ship hull is divided into several strips and the hydrodynamics forces are computed on each strip. Moreover, because the ship is assumed to be slender, the total forces are obtained by integrating the force on each strip. After the motions can be determined, the optimal design of the generator is designed and simulated. The performance of the generator in terms of force, magnetic flux, losses, current and induced voltage which are the primary parameters of the linear generator performance, are evaluated using a finite element analysis software named Maxwell. From the study, a linear generator for converting heave motions is designed so that the produced power from the designed generator can be determined.

46 CFR 56.15-5 - Fluid-conditioner fittings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Class I, I-L, and II-L systems receiving ship motion dynamic analysis and nondestructive examination. For Class I, I-L, or II-L systems not receiving ship motion dynamic analysis and nondestructive... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND...

A Survey of Ship Motion Reduction Devices

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-09-01

Bhattacharyya, R., Dynamics of Marine Vehicles, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1978) Chapter 14 - Motion Control. 24. Lewison , G. R. G. and J. M. Williams, "An...given in Miller et al." and Barr and Akudinov2 s . Lewison and Williams24 show the effectiveness of these tanks through case studies of commercial...fully understood. Rigorous derivations of the stabilized equations of motion tend to be non-linear with coefficients that are hard to define. Lewison 27

ShipMo3D Version 1.0 User Manual for Frequency Domain Analysis of Ship Seakeeping in a Seaway

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-11-01

Atlantic TM 2007-171 ; R & D pour la défense Canada – Atlantique ; novembre 2007. Introduction : ShipMo3D est une bibliothèque orientée objet dotée...12 9 Inputs for Rudder Autopilot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 10 Inputs for Ship Motion Predictions in...DRDC Atlantic TM 2007-171 13 10 Inputs for Ship Motion Predictions in Random Seas This section gives background information that is useful when running

Assessing Motion Induced Interruptions Using a Motion Platform

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

same way that cars have shock absorbers to decrease jolt from potholes and bumps in the road, ships may have the potential to be designed to better...Integration (HSI) seeks to assure human performance to reduce operating costs. This thesis seeks to develop a model for ship design in relation to Motion...Induced Interruptions (MII). The model is based on the premise that MIIs affect specific domains of HSI in an adverse way. Future ship design

Automated generation of weld path trajectories.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sizemore, John M.; Hinman-Sweeney, Elaine Marie; Ames, Arlo Leroy

2003-06-01

AUTOmated GENeration of Control Programs for Robotic Welding of Ship Structure (AUTOGEN) is software that automates the planning and compiling of control programs for robotic welding of ship structure. The software works by evaluating computer representations of the ship design and the manufacturing plan. Based on this evaluation, AUTOGEN internally identifies and appropriately characterizes each weld. Then it constructs the robot motions necessary to accomplish the welds and determines for each the correct assignment of process control values. AUTOGEN generates these robot control programs completely without manual intervention or edits except to correct wrong or missing input data. Most shipmore » structure assemblies are unique or at best manufactured only a few times. Accordingly, the high cost inherent in all previous methods of preparing complex control programs has made robot welding of ship structures economically unattractive to the U.S. shipbuilding industry. AUTOGEN eliminates the cost of creating robot control programs. With programming costs eliminated, capitalization of robots to weld ship structures becomes economically viable. Robot welding of ship structures will result in reduced ship costs, uniform product quality, and enhanced worker safety. Sandia National Laboratories and Northrop Grumman Ship Systems worked with the National Shipbuilding Research Program to develop a means of automated path and process generation for robotic welding. This effort resulted in the AUTOGEN program, which has successfully demonstrated automated path generation and robot control. Although the current implementation of AUTOGEN is optimized for welding applications, the path and process planning capability has applicability to a number of industrial applications, including painting, riveting, and adhesive delivery.« less

Trial Results of Ship Motions and Their Influence on Aircraft Operations for ISCS GUAM

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-12-01

vide an estimate of the relative frequency and thus impcrtance of ship motions as a source of Harrier operation cancellations. It may be seen that of the...example. If wind speed is considered to be the only source of restrictions in aircraft operations, estimates of the maximum total number of operational days...poem’rieedad to c€a etiate (mneuver) for various components *A complete list of refrences is given on Page 104. 10 of ship motion Is directly related

Effects of Simulated Ship Motion on the Performance of Underway Officer of the Deck.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-03-01

BURI ’ AU MIROCOPY RESOLUI p. ( NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL N Monterey, California 00 I1ITIC iELECTiII THESIS EFFECTS OF SIMULATED SHIP MOTION ON THE...CODESj 16 SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number) GROUP SUBGROUP,, ~~’A-’TSTS PAQ , Surface Warfare, Ship Motion...Analysis Questionnaire ( PAQ ) was used to analyze the duties of the 000, and the important areas so identified were tested using the Automated Portable Test

An investigation into the vertical axis control power requirements for landing VTOL type aircraft onboard nonaviation ships in various sea states

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stevens, M. E.; Roskam, J.

1985-01-01

The problem of determining the vertical axis control requirements for landing a VTOL aircraft on a moving ship deck in various sea states is examined. Both a fixed-base piloted simulation and a nonpiloted simulation were used to determine the landing performance as influenced by thrust-to-weight ratio, vertical damping, and engine lags. The piloted simulation was run using a fixed-based simulator at Ames Research center. Simplified versions of an existing AV-8A Harrier model and an existing head-up display format were used. The ship model used was that of a DD963 class destroyer. Simplified linear models of the pilot, aircraft, ship motion, and ship air-wake turbulence were developed for the nonpiloted simulation. A unique aspect of the nonpiloted simulation was the development of a model of the piloting strategy used for shipboard landing. This model was refined during the piloted simulation until it provided a reasonably good representation of observed pilot behavior.

Specificity of postural sway to the demands of a precision task at sea.

PubMed

Chen, Fu-Chen; Stoffregen, Thomas A

2012-06-01

Mariners actively adjust their body orientation in response to ship motion. On a ship at sea, we evaluated relations between standing postural activity and the performance of a precision aiming task. Standing participants (experienced mariners) maintained the beam from a handheld laser on a target. Targets were large or small, thereby varying the difficulty of the aiming task. Targets were located in front of the participant or to the participant's right (requiring participants to look over the right shoulder), thereby varying the functional consequences (for the aiming task) of postural activity in different body axes. The torso was oriented toward the bow or toward the ship's side (athwartship), thereby varying the effects on postural activity of differential motion of the ship in its different axes. The weather was rough, producing high magnitudes of ship motion, which sometimes caused participants to step or stagger. Our manipulations influenced the magnitude and dynamics of head and torso movements, as well as the organization of movement in different axes. The results provide the first empirical confirmation that postural activity can be influenced by orientation of the torso relative to a ship. Despite powerful effects of ship motion, postural activity was influenced by variations in target location and in the difficulty of the aiming task, replicating subtle effects that have been observed on land. We discuss implications for hull design and the placement of workstations on ships.

Dynamic perception of dynamic affordances: walking on a ship at sea.

PubMed

Walter, Hannah; Wagman, Jeffrey B; Stergiou, Nick; Erkmen, Nurtekin; Stoffregen, Thomas A

2017-02-01

Motion of the surface of the sea (waves, and swell) causes oscillatory motion of ships at sea. Generally, ships are longer than they are wide. One consequence of this structural difference is that oscillatory ship motion typically will be greater in roll (i.e., the ship rolling from side to side) than in pitch (i.e., the bow and stern rising and falling). For persons on ships at sea, affordances for walking on the open deck should be differentially influenced by ship motion in roll and pitch. Specifically, the minimum width of a walkable path should be greater when walking along the ship's short, or athwart axis than when walking along its long, or fore-aft axis. On a ship at sea, we evaluated the effects of walking in different directions (fore-aft vs. athwart) on actual walking performance. We did this by laying out narrow paths on the deck and asking participants (experienced maritime crewmembers) to walk as far as they could while remaining within the lateral path boundaries. As predicted, participants walked farther along the athwart path than along the fore-aft path. Before actual walking, we evaluated participants' judgments of their walking ability in the fore-aft and athwart directions. These judgments mirrored the observed differences in walking performance, and the accuracy of judgments did not differ between the two directions. We conclude that experienced maritime crewmembers were sensitive to affordances for walking in which the relevant properties of the environment were exclusively dynamic.

Hydrodynamic Interactions during Launch and Recovery of a Small Boat from a Ship in a Seaway

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-11-28

during launch and recovery. The RHIB is based on a Zodiac H935, with properties given in Table 1 when loaded with 12 person- nel. Figure 1 shows the hull...and recovery of a small craft from a larger ship, wave-induced motions of the larger ship will influence dy- namic loads on the crane. The motions of... the small craft will be a major determinant of the safety of onboard personnel. This paper exam- ines wave-induced motions during launch and recovery

Mice acquire flavor preferences during shipping.

PubMed

Tordoff, Michael G; Alarcón, Laura K; Byerly, Erica A; Doman, Samantha A

2005-11-15

Vigorous motion can cause rodents to develop flavor aversions and show other signs of malaise. We tested whether a flavor aversion could be induced by shipping mice from an animal breeder to a test site. Boxes of 12 male C57BL/6J mice were shipped approximately 950 km from Bar Harbor, ME to Philadelphia, PA by truck. For some boxes, the gel provided for hydration was flavored with almond and for others it was flavored with banana. After the journey, the mice were individually housed and allowed to recover for 5 days. They then received a choice between the two flavors of gel. Contrary to expectations, mice preferred the flavor they had previously ingested during shipping. Controls given flavored gel under similar conditions but while stationary did not show a preference. These results suggest that mice find shipping or its sequelae pleasurable. If mice are travel sick this must be inconsequential relative to other components of the shipping experience.

Advanced Demonstration of Motion Correction for Ship-to-Ship Passive Inspections

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ziock, Klaus-Peter; Boehnen, Chris Bensing; Ernst, Joseph

2013-09-30

Passive radiation detection is a key tool for detecting illicit nuclear materials. In maritime applications it is most effective against small vessels where attenuation is of less concern. Passive imaging provides: discrimination between localized (threat) and distributed (non-threat) sources, removal of background fluctuations due to nearby shorelines and structures, source localization to an individual craft in crowded waters, and background subtracted spectra. Unfortunately, imaging methods cannot be easily applied in ship-to-ship inspections because relative motion of the vessels blurs the results over many pixels, significantly reducing sensitivity. This is particularly true for the smaller water craft where passive inspections aremore » most valuable. In this project we performed tests and improved the performance of an instrument (developed earlier under, “Motion Correction for Ship-to-Ship Passive Inspections”) that uses automated tracking of a target vessel in visible-light images to generate a 3D radiation map of the target vessel from data obtained using a gamma-ray imager.« less

Nonlinear automatic landing control of unmanned aerial vehicles on moving platforms via a 3D laser radar

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hervas, Jaime Rubio; Tang, Hui; Reyhanoglu, Mahmut

2014-12-10

This paper presents a motion tracking and control system for automatically landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) on an oscillating platform using Laser Radar (LADAR) observations. The system itself is assumed to be mounted on a ship deck. A full nonlinear mathematical model is first introduced for the UAV. The ship motion is characterized by a Fourier transform based method which includes a realistic characterization of the sea waves. LADAR observation models are introduced and an algorithm to process those observations for yielding the relative state between the vessel and the UAV is presented, from which the UAV's state relative tomore » an inertial frame can be obtained and used for feedback purposes. A sliding mode control algorithm is derived for tracking a landing trajectory defined by a set of desired waypoints. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is proposed to account for process and observation noises in the design of a state estimator. The effectiveness of the control algorithm is illustrated through a simulation example.« less

Dynamic perception of dynamic affordances: walking on a ship at sea

PubMed Central

Walter, Hannah; Wagman, Jeffrey B.; Stergiou, Nick; Erkmen, Nurtekin

2017-01-01

Motion of the surface of the sea (waves, and swell) causes oscillatory motion of ships at sea. Generally, ships are longer than they are wide. One consequence of this structural difference is that oscillatory ship motion typically will be greater in roll (i.e., the ship rolling from side to side) than in pitch (i.e., the bow and stern rising and falling). For persons on ships at sea, affordances for walking on the open deck should be differentially influenced by ship motion in roll and pitch. Specifically, the minimum width of a walkable path should be greater when walking along the ship’s short, or athwart axis than when walking along its long, or fore-aft axis. On a ship at sea, we evaluated the effects of walking in different directions (fore-aft vs. athwart) on actual walking performance. We did this by laying out narrow paths on the deck and asking participants (experienced maritime crewmembers) to walk as far as they could while remaining within the lateral path boundaries. As predicted, participants walked farther along the athwart path than along the fore-aft path. Before actual walking, we evaluated participants’ judgments of their walking ability in the fore-aft and athwart directions. These judgments mirrored the observed differences in walking performance, and the accuracy of judgments did not differ between the two directions. We conclude that experienced maritime crewmembers were sensitive to affordances for walking in which the relevant properties of the environment were exclusively dynamic. PMID:27787584

Analysis of Real Ship Rolling Dynamics under Wave Excitement Force Composed of Sums of Cosine Functions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Y. S.; Cai, F.; Xu, W. M.

2011-09-28

The ship motion equation with a cosine wave excitement force describes the slip moments in regular waves. A new kind of wave excitement force model, with the form as sums of cosine functions was proposed to describe ship rolling in irregular waves. Ship rolling time series were obtained by solving the ship motion equation with the fourth-order-Runger-Kutta method. These rolling time series were synthetically analyzed with methods of phase-space track, power spectrum, primary component analysis, and the largest Lyapunove exponent. Simulation results show that ship rolling presents some chaotic characteristic when the wave excitement force was applied by sums ofmore » cosine functions. The result well explains the course of ship rolling's chaotic mechanism and is useful for ship hydrodynamic study.« less

Simple analytical relations for ship bow waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Noblesse, Francis; Delhommeau, G.?Rard; Guilbaud, Michel; Hendrix, Dane; Yang, Chi

Simple analytical relations for the bow wave generated by a ship in steady motion are given. Specifically, simple expressions that define the height of a ship bow wave, the distance between the ship stem and the crest of the bow wave, the rise of water at the stem, and the bow wave profile, explicitly and without calculations, in terms of the ship speed, draught, and waterline entrance angle, are given. Another result is a simple criterion that predicts, also directly and without calculations, when a ship in steady motion cannot generate a steady bow wave. This unsteady-flow criterion predicts that a ship with a sufficiently fine waterline, specifically with waterline entrance angle 2, may generate a steady bow wave at any speed. However, a ship with a fuller waterline (25E) can only generate a steady bow wave if the ship speed is higher than a critical speed, defined in terms of αE by a simple relation. No alternative criterion for predicting when a ship in steady motion does not generate a steady bow wave appears to exist. A simple expression for the height of an unsteady ship bow wave is also given. In spite of their remarkable simplicity, the relations for ship bow waves obtained in the study (using only rudimentary physical and mathematical considerations) are consistent with experimental measurements for a number of hull forms having non-bulbous wedge-shaped bows with small flare angle, and with the authors' measurements and observations for a rectangular flat plate towed at a yaw angle.

46 CFR 56.20-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., and II-L systems receiving ship motion dynamic analysis and nondestructive examination. For Class I, I-L, or II-L systems not receiving ship motion dynamic analysis and nondestructive examination under..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Valves § 56...

Low-cost human motion capture system for postural analysis onboard ships

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nocerino, Erica; Ackermann, Sebastiano; Del Pizzo, Silvio; Menna, Fabio; Troisi, Salvatore

2011-07-01

The study of human equilibrium, also known as postural stability, concerns different research sectors (medicine, kinesiology, biomechanics, robotics, sport) and is usually performed employing motion analysis techniques for recording human movements and posture. A wide range of techniques and methodologies has been developed, but the choice of instrumentations and sensors depends on the requirement of the specific application. Postural stability is a topic of great interest for the maritime community, since ship motions can make demanding and difficult the maintenance of the upright stance with hazardous consequences for the safety of people onboard. The need of capturing the motion of an individual standing on a ship during its daily service does not permit to employ optical systems commonly used for human motion analysis. These sensors are not designed for operating in disadvantageous environmental conditions (water, wetness, saltiness) and with not optimal lighting. The solution proposed in this study consists in a motion acquisition system that could be easily usable onboard ships. It makes use of two different methodologies: (I) motion capture with videogrammetry and (II) motion measurement with Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). The developed image-based motion capture system, made up of three low-cost, light and compact video cameras, was validated against a commercial optical system and then used for testing the reliability of the inertial sensors. In this paper, the whole process of planning, designing, calibrating, and assessing the accuracy of the motion capture system is reported and discussed. Results from the laboratory tests and preliminary campaigns in the field are presented.

Direct numerical simulations of on-demand vortex generators: Mathematical formulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Koumoutsakos, Petros

1994-01-01

The objective of the present research is the development and application of efficient adaptive numerical algorithms for the study, via direct numerical simulations, of active vortex generators. We are using innovative computational schemes to investigate flows past complex configurations undergoing arbitrary motions. Some of the questions we try to answer are: Can and how may we control the dynamics of the wake? What is the importance of body shape and motion in the active control of the flow? What is the effect of three-dimensionality in laboratory experiments? We are interested not only in coupling our results to ongoing, related experimental work, but furthermore to develop an extensive database relating the above mechanisms to the vortical wake structures with the long-range objective of developing feedback control mechanisms. This technology is very important to aircraft, ship, automotive, and other industries that require predictive capability for fluid mechanical problems. The results would have an impact in high angle of attack aerodynamics and help design ways to improve the efficiency of ships and submarines (maneuverability, vortex induced vibration, and noise).

Direct numerical simulations of on-demand vortex generators: Mathematical formulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koumoutsakos, Petros

1994-12-01

The objective of the present research is the development and application of efficient adaptive numerical algorithms for the study, via direct numerical simulations, of active vortex generators. We are using innovative computational schemes to investigate flows past complex configurations undergoing arbitrary motions. Some of the questions we try to answer are: Can and how may we control the dynamics of the wake? What is the importance of body shape and motion in the active control of the flow? What is the effect of three-dimensionality in laboratory experiments? We are interested not only in coupling our results to ongoing, related experimental work, but furthermore to develop an extensive database relating the above mechanisms to the vortical wake structures with the long-range objective of developing feedback control mechanisms. This technology is very important to aircraft, ship, automotive, and other industries that require predictive capability for fluid mechanical problems. The results would have an impact in high angle of attack aerodynamics and help design ways to improve the efficiency of ships and submarines (maneuverability, vortex induced vibration, and noise).

46 CFR 56.15-1 - Pipe joining fittings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... for all Class I, I-L, and II-L systems receiving ship motion dynamic analysis and nondestructive examination. For Class I, I-L, or II-L systems not receiving ship motion dynamic analysis and nondestructive... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND...

Travelers' Health: Cruise Ship Travel

MedlinePlus

... Motion Sickness ). PRECAUTIONS FOR CRUISE SHIP TRAVELERS Pretravel Evaluate the type and length of the planned cruise ... Peake DE, Gray CL, Ludwig MR, Hill CD. Descriptive epidemiology of injury and illness among cruise ship ...

Adaptability of solar energy conversion systems on ships

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Visa, I.; Cotorcea, A.; Neagoe, M.; Moldovan, M.

2016-08-01

International trade of goods largely uses maritime/transoceanic ships driven by engines using fossil fuels. This two centuries tradition is technologically mature but significantly adds to the CO2 emissions; therefore, recent trends focus on on-board implementation of systems converting the solar energy into power (photovoltaic systems) or heat (solar-thermal systems). These systems are carbon-emissions free but are still under research and plenty of effort is devoted to fast reach maturity and feasibility. Unlike the systems implemented in a specific continental location, the design of solar energy conversion systems installed on shipboard has to face the problem generated by the system base motion along with the ship travelling on routes at different latitudes: the navigation direction and sense and roll-pitch combined motion with reduced amplitude, but with relatively high frequency. These raise highly interesting challenges in the design and development of mechanical systems that support the maximal output in terms of electricity or heat. The paper addresses the modelling of the relative position of a solar energy conversion surface installed on a ship according to the current position of the sun; the model is based on the navigation trajectory/route, ship motion generated by waves and the relative sun-earth motion. The model describes the incidence angle of the sunray on the conversion surface through five characteristic angles: three used to define the ship orientation and two for the solar angles; based on, their influence on the efficiency in solar energy collection is analyzed by numerical simulations and appropriate recommendations are formulated for increasing the solar energy conversion systems adaptability on ships.

Protocol for an Experiment on Controlling Motion Sickness Severity in a Ship Motion Simulator

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-10-01

MUN) School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, and Mr. Anthony Patterson and Mr. Carl Harris at the MUN Centre for Marine Simulation (CMS), for their...research contract with DRDC Atlantic. Dr. S.N. MacKinnon, Director of the Human Performance in Harsh Environments Laboratory, School of Human Kinetics and...MacKinnon, School of Human Kinetics and Recreation 737-8807 or smackinn@mun.ca DRDC Atlantic TM 2004-282 13 Annex B: Subject Consent Form

Physiological and behavioural responses of sheep to simulated sea transport motions

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The motion of ships can cause discomfort and stress in humans, but little is known about the impact on sheep welfare, despite many sheep travelling long distances by ship during live export. We tested whether exposing sheep to roll (side to side movement), heave (up and down movement) and pitch (fro...

Motion-Correlated Flow Distortion and Wave-Induced Biases in Air-Sea Flux Measurements From Ships

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prytherch, J.; Yelland, M. J.; Brooks, I. M.; Tupman, D. J.; Pascal, R. W.; Moat, B. I.; Norris, S. J.

2016-02-01

Direct measurements of the turbulent air-sea fluxes of momentum, heat, moisture and gases are often made using sensors mounted on ships. Ship-based turbulent wind measurements are corrected for platform motion using well established techniques, but biases at scales associated with wave and platform motion are often still apparent in the flux measurements. It has been uncertain whether this signal is due to time-varying distortion of the air flow over the platform, or to wind-wave interactions impacting the turbulence. Methods for removing such motion-scale biases from scalar measurements have previously been published but their application to momentum flux measurements remains controversial. Here we use eddy covariance momentum flux measurements obtained onboard RRS James Clark Ross as part of the Waves, Aerosol and Gas Exchange Study (WAGES), a programme of near-continuous measurements using the autonomous AutoFlux system (Yelland et al., 2009). Measurements were made in 2013 in locations throughout the North and South Atlantic, the Southern Ocean and the Arctic Ocean, at latitudes ranging from 62°S to 75°N. We show that the measured motion-scale bias has a dependence on the horizontal ship velocity, and that a correction for it reduces the dependence of the measured momentum flux on the orientation of the ship to the wind. We conclude that the bias is due to experimental error, and that time-varying motion-dependent flow distortion is the likely source. Yelland, M., Pascal, R., Taylor, P. and Moat, B.: AutoFlux: an autonomous system for the direct measurement of the air-sea fluxes of CO2, heat and momentum. J. Operation. Oceanogr., 15-23, doi:10.1080/1755876X.2009.11020105, 2009.

Numerical evaluation of longitudinal motions of Wigley hulls advancing in waves by using Bessho form translating-pulsating source Green'S function

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiao, Wenbin; Dong, Wencai

2016-06-01

In the framework of 3D potential flow theory, Bessho form translating-pulsating source Green's function in frequency domain is chosen as the integral kernel in this study and hybrid source-and-dipole distribution model of the boundary element method is applied to directly solve the velocity potential for advancing ship in regular waves. Numerical characteristics of the Green function show that the contribution of local-flow components to velocity potential is concentrated at the nearby source point area and the wave component dominates the magnitude of velocity potential in the far field. Two kinds of mathematical models, with or without local-flow components taken into account, are adopted to numerically calculate the longitudinal motions of Wigley hulls, which demonstrates the applicability of translating-pulsating source Green's function method for various ship forms. In addition, the mesh analysis of discrete surface is carried out from the perspective of ship-form characteristics. The study shows that the longitudinal motion results by the simplified model are somewhat greater than the experimental data in the resonant zone, and the model can be used as an effective tool to predict ship seakeeping properties. However, translating-pulsating source Green function method is only appropriate for the qualitative analysis of motion response in waves if the ship geometrical shape fails to satisfy the slender-body assumption.

Coupled Directional Stability of Multiple Ship Formations

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-01

Papoulias, “Bifurcation analysis of line of sight vehicle guidance using sliding modes ,” Int. J. of Bifurcation and Chaos, vol. 1, p.4, 1991. [12] F...DISTRIBUTION CODE 13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words) This thesis addresses the problem of coordinated motion control and the stability loss of surface...plane with no side slip. A state feedback control law is coupled with a line of sight guidance law to provide path control . A string of three vehicles

SMP84: Improvements to Capability and Prediction Accuracy of the Standard Ship Motion Program SMP81

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-09-01

active fin behaves in a manner similar to a rotating cylinder in a flow. The general form of the Magnus Lift term is FML z 2,(Vt/V)(2rs)(PV2 /2) (38...DEPARTMENT [AVIATION AND "SHIP PERFORMANCE SURFACE EFFECTS • ~ ~~~~DEPARTMENTSUFEEF T PT 1DEPARTMENT• 15 16 COMPUTATION.STRUCTURES MATHEMATICS...Force vector developed by active motion of tin F* Magnitude of force due to active motion of fin FML Magnus lift term FP Forward perpendicular Fv

The Influence of Ship Motions on Operations of SH-2F Helicopters from DF-1052-Class Ships: Sea Trial with USS Bowen (DE-1079)

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-07-01

correlated to wind speed and that a knowledge of wind speeds alone is not adequate for pre- dieting ship motions during which aircraft events are intended...3.10 1.36 Le2.o 233 1 0m.7 9.30 2.6.7 CIS .90 if1 3.90 -1.05 .08 .02.5 .04p -:a19 9.99 PCO too a.0 233 16.7 150 26.7 02.5 I. IS .00 3.60 -50S .08

46 CFR 502.74 - Replies to pleadings, motions, applications, etc.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Replies to pleadings, motions, applications, etc. 502.74... PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE Proceedings; Pleadings; Motions; Replies § 502.74 Replies to pleadings, motions... this section, any party may file and serve a reply to any written motion, pleading, petition...

Numerical study on wave loads and motions of two ships advancing in waves by using three-dimensional translating-pulsating source

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Yong; Dong, Wen-Cai

2013-08-01

A frequency domain analysis method based on the three-dimensional translating-pulsating (3DTP) source Green function is developed to investigate wave loads and free motions of two ships advancing on parallel course in waves. Two experiments are carried out respectively to measure the wave loads and the freemotions for a pair of side-byside arranged ship models advancing with an identical speed in head regular waves. For comparison, each model is also tested alone. Predictions obtained by the present solution are found in favorable agreement with the model tests and are more accurate than the traditional method based on the three dimensional pulsating (3DP) source Green function. Numerical resonances and peak shift can be found in the 3DP predictions, which result from the wave energy trapped in the gap between two ships and the extremely inhomogeneous wave load distribution on each hull. However, they can be eliminated by 3DTP, in which the speed affects the free surface and most of the wave energy can be escaped from the gap. Both the experiment and the present prediction show that hydrodynamic interaction effects on wave loads and free motions are significant. The present solver may serve as a validated tool to predict wave loads and motions of two vessels under replenishment at sea, and may help to evaluate the hydrodynamic interaction effects on the ships safety in replenishment operation.

VTOL shipboard letdown guidance system analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Phatak, A. V.; Karmali, M. S.

1983-01-01

Alternative letdown guidance strategies are examined for landing of a VTOL aircraft onboard a small aviation ship under adverse environmental conditions. Off line computer simulation of shipboard landing task is utilized for assessing the relative merits of the proposed guidance schemes. The touchdown performance of a nominal constant rate of descent (CROD) letdown strategy serves as a benchmark for ranking the performance of the alternative letdown schemes. Analysis of ship motion time histories indicates the existence of an alternating sequence of quiescent and rough motions called lulls and swells. A real time algorithms lull/swell classification based upon ship motion pattern features is developed. The classification algorithm is used to command a go/no go signal to indicate the initiation and termination of an acceptable landing window. Simulation results show that such a go/no go pattern based letdown guidance strategy improves touchdown performance.

THE EFFECT OF FORWARD SPEED ON DAMPING FOR A VARIETY OF SHIP TYPES AS CALCULATED BY THIN SHIP THEORY,

DTIC Science & Technology

Since the damping coefficients play a predominant role in the motion response of ships in pitch and heave at resonant frequencies in a seaway, use...was made of two computer programs recently developed at M. I. T. to calculate, by thin ship theory, the effect of ship speed on the damping coefficients...in pitch and heave for four diverse types of ship hulls--cargo ship, tanker, destroyer, and trawler. Results indicate that, for all four hull types

User Manual for Program SCOMOT Second Part of U.S.C.G. Ship Motion Program.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-02-01

wave angle, etc. - 52 - Entry 8 - Jl - First Index Number First index for motion calculation using coordinate points or moment and force calculations using...162.4 .6500 .5434 .2942 179.8 .6786 170.0 1.0258 161.8 1.4070 144.3 .7000 .4686 .1774 179.6 .5946 167.1 1.0292 154.8 1.2598 110.5 .7500 .4082 . 0786 ...SHIP MOTION PROGRAM 77.1 02/24/81 05.49.12 PAGE 52 SL-7 - NORMAL FULL LOAD DEPARTURE SPEED = 25.000 KNOTS REGULAR WAVE LATERAL BENDING MOMENT AT STATION

Real-Time Telemetry System for Monitoring Motion of Ships Based on Inertial Sensors.

PubMed

Núñez, José M; Araújo, Marta G; García-Tuñón, I

2017-04-25

A telemetry system for real-time monitoring of the motions, position, speed and course of a ship at sea is presented in this work. The system, conceived as a subsystem of a radar cross-section measurement unit, could also be used in other applications as ships dynamics characterization, on-board cranes, antenna stabilizers, etc. This system was designed to be stand-alone, reliable, easy to deploy, low-cost and free of requirements related to stabilization procedures. In order to achieve such a unique combination of functionalities, we have developed a telemetry system based on redundant inertial and magnetic sensors and GPS (Global Positioning System) measurements. It provides a proper data storage and also has real-time radio data transmission capabilities to an on-shore station. The output of the system can be used either for on-line or off-line processing. Additionally, the system uses dual technologies and COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) components. Motion-positioning measurements and radio data link tests were successfully carried out in several ships of the Spanish Navy, proving the compliance with the design targets and validating our telemetry system.

A Novel Ship-Tracking Method for GF-4 Satellite Sequential Images.

PubMed

Yao, Libo; Liu, Yong; He, You

2018-06-22

The geostationary remote sensing satellite has the capability of wide scanning, persistent observation and operational response, and has tremendous potential for maritime target surveillance. The GF-4 satellite is the first geostationary orbit (GEO) optical remote sensing satellite with medium resolution in China. In this paper, a novel ship-tracking method in GF-4 satellite sequential imagery is proposed. The algorithm has three stages. First, a local visual saliency map based on local peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is used to detect ships in a single frame of GF-4 satellite sequential images. Second, the accuracy positioning of each potential target is realized by a dynamic correction using the rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs) and automatic identification system (AIS) data of ships. Finally, an improved multiple hypotheses tracking (MHT) algorithm with amplitude information is used to track ships by further removing the false targets, and to estimate ships’ motion parameters. The algorithm has been tested using GF-4 sequential images and AIS data. The results of the experiment demonstrate that the algorithm achieves good tracking performance in GF-4 satellite sequential images and estimates the motion information of ships accurately.

Submarine Rescue. Mooring and Salvage Ships of the Soviet Navy,

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-07-13

motion after they strike the surface of the water, because of which they are carried away from the ship and can no longer endanger the ship. Only four of...they have a characteristic icebreaker bow, while the others have a protruding bulb at the forefoot . Above the waterline - aside from the completely

Experimental Investigation of the Resistance Performance and Heave and Pitch Motions of Ice-Going Container Ship Under Pack Ice Conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Chun-yu; Xie, Chang; Zhang, Jin-zhao; Wang, Shuai; Zhao, Da-gang

2018-04-01

In order to analyze the ice-going ship's performance under the pack ice conditions, synthetic ice was introduced into a towing tank. A barrier using floating cylinder in the towing tank was designed to carry out the resistance experiment. The test results indicated that the encountering frequency between the ship model and the pack ice shifts towards a high-velocity point as the concentration of the pack ice increases, and this encountering frequency creates an unstable region of the resistance, and the unstable region shifts to the higher speed with the increasing concentration. The results also showed that for the same speed points, the ratio of the pack ice resistance to the open water resistance increases with the increasing concentration, and for the same concentrations, this ratio decreases as the speed increases. Motion characteristics showed that the mean value of the heave motion increases as the speed increases, and the pitch motion tends to increase with the increasing speed. In addition, the total resistance of the fullscale was predicted.

MIMO H∞ control of three-axis ship-mounted mobile antenna systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuseyri, İ. Sina

2018-02-01

The need for on-line information in any environment has led to the development of mobile satellite communication terminals. These high data-rate terminals require inertial antenna pointing error tolerance within fractions of a degree. However, the base motion of the antenna platform in mobile applications complicates this pointing problem and must be accounted for. Gimbaled motorised pedestals are used to eliminate the effect of disturbance and maintain uninterrupted communication. In this paper, a three-axis ship-mounted antenna on a pedestal gimbal system is studied. Based on the derived dynamic model of the antenna pedestal multi input-multi output PID and H∞ linear controllers are designed to stabilise the antenna to keep its orientation unaltered towards the satellite while the sea waves disturb the antenna. Simulation results are presented to show the stabilisation performance of the system with the synthesised controllers. It is shown through performance comparison and analysis that the proposed H∞ control structure is preferable over PID controlled system in terms of system stability and the disturbance rejection.

Real-Time Telemetry System for Monitoring Motion of Ships Based on Inertial Sensors

PubMed Central

Núñez, José M.; Araújo, Marta G.; García-Tuñón, I.

2017-01-01

A telemetry system for real-time monitoring of the motions, position, speed and course of a ship at sea is presented in this work. The system, conceived as a subsystem of a radar cross-section measurement unit, could also be used in other applications as ships dynamics characterization, on-board cranes, antenna stabilizers, etc. This system was designed to be stand-alone, reliable, easy to deploy, low-cost and free of requirements related to stabilization procedures. In order to achieve such a unique combination of functionalities, we have developed a telemetry system based on redundant inertial and magnetic sensors and GPS (Global Positioning System) measurements. It provides a proper data storage and also has real-time radio data transmission capabilities to an on-shore station. The output of the system can be used either for on-line or off-line processing. Additionally, the system uses dual technologies and COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) components. Motion-positioning measurements and radio data link tests were successfully carried out in several ships of the Spanish Navy, proving the compliance with the design targets and validating our telemetry system. PMID:28441330

How propeller suction is the dominant factor for ship accidents at shallow water conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Acar, Dursun; Alpar, Bedri; Ozeren, Sinan

2017-04-01

The laminar flow comes to the fore with the disappearance of the several other directions in the internal displacements in the water current. Due to the dominant speed direction during the straightforward motion of the ship, the underwater hull is associated with the continuous flow of laminar currents. The open marine environment acts as a compressible liquid medium because of the presence of many variables about water volume overflow boundaries where the ship is associated. Layers of water rising over the sea surface due to ship's body and the propeller's water push provides loss of liquid lifting force for the ship. These situations change the well-known sea-floor morphology and reliable depth limits, and lead to probable accidents. If the ship block coefficient for the front side is 0.7 or higher, the "squat" will be more on the bow, because the associated factor "displacement volume" causes to the low-pressure environment due to large and rapid turbulence. Thus, the bow sinks further, which faced with liquid's weaker lift force. The vessels Gerardus Mercator, Queen Elizabeth and Costa Concordia had accidents because of unified reasons of squat, fast water mass displacement by hull push and propeller suction interaction. In the case of water mass displacement from the bow side away, that accident occurred in 2005 by the vessel Gerardus Mercator with excessive longitudinal trim angularity in the shallow water. The vessel Costa Concordia (2012), voluminous water displaced from the rear left side was an important factor because of the sharp manoeuvre of that the captain made before the accident. Observations before the accident indicate that full-speed sharp turn provided listed position for the ship from left (port side) in the direction of travel before colliding and then strike a rock on the sloping side of the seabed. The reason why the ship drifted to the left depends mainly the water discharge occurred at the left side of the hull during left-hand rudder control. Additionally the second water drainage from the shallow ridge area by the propeller's left-directed suction created a shallower environment. Similar situation for example collision of two ships during their side by side forward motions; their positions will be approached and listed to each other more same as downslope movement because of the shared area's water level collapse occur more by two propeller's suction.

Ship Detection and Measurement of Ship Motion by Multi-Aperture Synthetic Aperture Radar

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

Reconstructed periodic components of the Doppler histories shown in Fig. 27, (b) splined harmonic component amplitudes as a function of range...78 Figure 42: (a) Reconstructed periodic components of the Doppler histories shown in Figure 30, (b) Splined amplitudes of the...Figure 29 (b) Splined amplitudes of the harmonic components. ............................................ 79 Figure 44: Ship focusing by standard

On singular and highly oscillatory properties of the Green function for ship motions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Xiao-Bo; Xiong Wu, Guo

2001-10-01

The Green function used for analysing ship motions in waves is the velocity potential due to a point source pulsating and advancing at a uniform forward speed. The behaviour of this function is investigated, in particular for the case when the source is located at or close to the free surface. In the far field, the Green function is represented by a single integral along one closed dispersion curve and two open dispersion curves. The single integral along the open dispersion curves is analysed based on the asymptotic expansion of a complex error function. The singular and highly oscillatory behaviour of the Green function is captured, which shows that the Green function oscillates with indefinitely increasing amplitude and indefinitely decreasing wavelength, when a field point approaches the track of the source point at the free surface. This sheds some light on the nature of the difficulties in the numerical methods used for predicting the motion of a ship advancing in waves.

Real time estimation of the heaving and pitching motions of a ship, using a Kalman filter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Triantafyllou, M.; Athans, M.

1981-01-01

In the present study the estimation of the heave and pitch motion of a ship is considered, using Kalman filtering techniques. A significant part of the study is devoted to constructing appropriate models for the sea and the ship. The governing equations are obtained from hydrodynamic considerations in the form of linear differential equations with frequency dependent coefficients. In addition, nonminimum phase characteristics are obtained due to the spatial integration of the water wave forces. The resulting transfer matrix function is irrational and nonminimum phase. The conditions for a finite-dimensional approximation are considered and the impact of the various parameters is assessed. A numerical application is considered for a DD-963 destroyer.

Effect of Acceleration Frequency on Spatial Orientation Mechanisms

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-30

by aircraft, ground vehicle, and ship motion. Method. With controlled laboratory off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR), gaze reflexes respond to low...finding that vestibular gaze reflexes become altered at the same frequency where OVAR becomes most sickening will have important implications for...the collected data, a revised crossover rate of 0.42 Hz was extrapolated as the most probable spin frequency for inducing gaze reflex changes with the

46 CFR 502.56 - Negotiated rulemaking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Negotiated rulemaking. 502.56 Section 502.56 Shipping FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS RULES OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE... its own motion, may establish a negotiated rulemaking committee to negotiate and develop consensus on...

Measures of pilot performance during V/TOL aircraft landings on ships at sea

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Howard, J. C.

1977-01-01

Simulation experiments to determine the feasibility of landing V/TOL aircraft on ships at sea were studied. The motion and attitude of the aircraft relative to the landing platform was known at the instant of touchdown. The success of these experiments depended on the ability of the experimenter to measure the pilot's performance during the landing maneuver. To facilitate these measurements, the equations describing the motion of the aircraft and its attitude relative to the landing platform are presented in a form which is suitable for simulation purposes.

46 CFR 154.409 - Dynamic loads from vessel motion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Equipment Cargo Containment Systems § 154.409 Dynamic loads from vessel motion. (a) For the calculation required under § 154.406 (a)(3) and (b), the dynamic loads must be determined from the long term... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Dynamic loads from vessel motion. 154.409 Section 154...

Virtual Ships: NATO Standards Development and Implementation

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-10-01

interfaces. Such simulations were unable to be re-used for other applications because they were too application specific and too highly customised ...provides water flow field data (including water flow induced forces and moments and added masses ) to other federates that request it.  Ship motion

Gender differences in motion sickness history and susceptibility to optokinetic rotation-induced motion sickness.

PubMed

Park, A H; Hu, S

1999-11-01

The present study investigated gender differences in motion sickness history and susceptibility to optokinetic rotation-induced motion sickness. The study included two phases. In Phase 1, 485 subjects filled out a survey of previous incidence of motion sickness. Results indicated that women reported significantly greater incidence of feeling motion sickness than did men on buses, on trains, on planes, in cars, and on amusement rides before the age of 12 yr; and on buses, on trains, on planes, in boats, on ships, in cars, on amusement rides, and on swings between the ages of 12 and 25 yr. Women also reported significantly higher incidence of being actually sick than did men on buses before the age of 12 yr and on buses, on ships, and in cars between the ages of 12 and 25 yr. In Phase 2, each of the 47 subjects viewed an optokinetic rotating-drum for 16 min. Subjects' subjective symptoms of motion sickness (SSMS) were obtained during drum rotation. The results showed that there were no significant differences on SSMS scores between men and women. Although women reported greater incidence in motion sickness history, women did not differ from men in severity of symptoms of motion sickness while viewing a rotating optokinetic drum.

Sea loads on ships and offshore structures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Faltinsen, O.

1990-01-01

The book introduces the theory of the structural loading on ships and offshore structures caused by wind, waves and currents, and goes on to describe the applications of this theory in terms of real structures. The main topics described are linear-wave induced motions, loads on floating structures, numerical methods for ascertaining wave induced motions and loads, viscous wave loads and damping, stationkeeping and water impact and entry. The applications of the theoretical principles are introduced with extensive use of exercises and examples. Applications covered include conventional ships, barges, high speed marine vehicles, semisubmersibles, tension leg platforms, moored or dynamic positionedmore » ships, risers, buoys, fishing nets, jacket structures and gravity platforms. One aim of the book is to provide a physical understanding through simplified mathematical models. In this way one can develop analytical tools to evaluate results from test models, full scale trials or computer simulation, and learns which parameters represent the major contributions and influences on sea loads.« less

Effects of Simulated Surface Effect Ship Motions on Crew Habitability. Phase II. Volume 2. Facility, Test conditions, and Schedules

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-05-01

fast acceleration response over the frequency range from 0.2 to 5 Hz, being characterized by a flat amplitude and a 0.02-0.03 sec effective delay...the hot reservoir oil through three fan-cooled radiators. The c••ling syst~m operates intermit - tently (controlled by a thermostat) to keep the oil...a very fast and puowerful hydrau- lic position servo, having its own 1000 psi power supply and very tight position control loop. It can position the 4

Application of NASTRAN/COSMIC in the analysis of ship structures to underwater explosion shock

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fallon, D. J.; Costanzo, F. A.; Handleton, R. T.; Camp, G. C.; Smith, D. C.

1987-01-01

The application of NASTRAN/COSMIC in predicting the transient motion of ship structures to underwater, non-contact explosions is discussed. Examples illustrate the finite element models, mathematical formulations of loading functions and, where available, comparisons between analytical and experimental results.

A geometrically exact formulation for three-dimensional numerical simulation of the umbilical cable in a deep-sea ROV system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Quan, Wei-cai; Zhang, Zhu-ying; Zhang, Ai-qun; Zhang, Qi-feng; Tian, Yu

2015-04-01

This paper proposes a geometrically exact formulation for three-dimensional static and dynamic analyses of the umbilical cable in a deep-sea remotely operated vehicle (ROV) system. The presented formulation takes account of the geometric nonlinearities of large displacement, effects of axial load and bending stiffness for modeling of slack cables. The resulting nonlinear second-order governing equations are discretized spatially by the finite element method and solved temporally by the generalized- α implicit time integration algorithm, which is adapted to the case of varying coefficient matrices. The ability to consider three-dimensional union action of ocean current and ship heave motion upon the umbilical cable is the key feature of this analysis. The presented formulation is firstly validated, and then three numerical examples for the umbilical cable in a deep-sea ROV system are demonstrated and discussed, including the steady configurations only under the action of depth-dependent ocean current, the dynamic responses in the case of the only ship heave motion, and in the case of the combined action of the ship heave motion and ocean current.

An investigation of automatic guidance concepts to steer a VTOL aircraft to a small aviation facility ship

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sorensen, J. A.; Goka, T.; Phatak, A. V.; Schmidt, S. F.

1980-01-01

A detailed system model of a VTOL aircraft approaching a small aviation facility ship was developed and used to investigate several approach guidance concepts. A preliminary anaysis of the aircraft-vessel landing guidance requirements was conducted. The various subelements and constraints of the flight system are described including the landing scenario, lift fan aircraft, state rate feedback flight control, MLS-based navigation, sea state induced ship motion, and wake turbulence due to wind-over-deck effects. These elements are integrated into a systems model with various guidance concepts. Guidance is described in terms of lateral, vertical, and longitudinal axes steering modes and approach and landing phases divided by a nominal hover (or stationkeeping) point defined with respect to the landing pad. The approach guidance methods are evaluated, and the two better steering concepts are studied by both single pass and Monte Carlo statistical simulation runs. Four different guidance concepts are defined for further analysis for the landing phase of flight.

Moving characteristics of single file passengers considering the effect of ship trim and heeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Jinlu; Lu, Shouxiang; Lo, Siuming; Ma, Jian; Xie, Qimiao

2018-01-01

Ship listing and motion affects the movement pattern of passengers on board, thus pedestrian traffic and evacuation dynamics would be significantly different from those on level ground. To quantify the influence of ship listing and motion on passenger evacuation, we designed a ship corridor simulator, with which we performed single-file pedestrian movement experiments considering the effect of trim and heeling. Results indicated that density is not the only factor that affects pedestrian speed under ship trim or heeling conditions, for that both individual walking speed and group walking speed would be greatly attenuated due to the influence of the trim angles. However, heeling angles show less impact on speed when compared with trim angles. In addition, the speed correlation coefficient between the adjacent experimental subjects would be higher with larger angles and lower speed. Moreover, both female and male experimental subjects need similar distance headway for walking in different trim or heeling conditions. Furthermore, experimental subjects with lower individual walking speed need longer time headway to keep enough distance headway. This work will provide fundamental guidance to the development of evacuation models and the design of evacuation facilities on board.

46 CFR 550.507 - Postponement, discontinuance, or suspension of action.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... action. The Commission may, on its own motion or upon petition, postpone, discontinue, or suspend any and... 46 Shipping 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Postponement, discontinuance, or suspension of action. 550.507 Section 550.507 Shipping FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS AND ACTIONS TO ADDRESS...

46 CFR 550.507 - Postponement, discontinuance, or suspension of action.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... action. The Commission may, on its own motion or upon petition, postpone, discontinue, or suspend any and... 46 Shipping 9 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Postponement, discontinuance, or suspension of action. 550.507 Section 550.507 Shipping FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS AND ACTIONS TO ADDRESS...

Effects of Simulated Surface Effect Ship Motions on Crew Habitability. Phase II. Volume 1. Summary Report and Comments

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-04-01

one 24-hour exposure to that condition may be regarded as the most complete and unbiased for determining some effects of a type of simulated SES...eliminated entirely. The ability to predict in advance the resultant effects of motion exposure thus seems to depend on the existance of a given...F• 198OF1L-0/I- =•RAI. )81 -• i . _j EFFECT OF.SIMULATED 1 S URFACE EFFECT SHIP J•OTIONS_2 ON CREW HABITABILITY 1PHASE 1J_ "I ,,OLUME 1 iI SUMMARY

Aircraft Ship Operations (Le Couple Aeronef-Navire dan les Operations)

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-11-01

control and military establishment will not communications; battle change very much or very fast. management ; and recommaissance. Even if the USSR... manageable limits. c. Further work is needed to determine the cor- rect way to assess the combined effects of pitch and For aircraft launch and recovery... fairings , must be combined with minimizing motions to reduce spray a. The limit value of0.Sdegrees trimby the bow and wetness. is driven by sink off the bow

A new arrangement with nonlinear sidewalls for tanker ship storage panels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ketabdari, M. J.; Saghi, H.

2013-03-01

Sloshing phenomenon in a moving container is a complicated free surface flow problem. It has a wide range of engineering applications, especially in tanker ships and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) carriers. When the tank in these vehicles is partially filled, it is essential to be able to evaluate the fluid dynamic loads on tank perimeter. Different geometric shapes such as rectangular, cylindrical, elliptical, spherical and circular conical have been suggested for ship storage tanks by previous researchers. In this paper a numerical model is developed based on incompressible and inviscid fluid motion for the liquid sloshing phenomenon. The coupled BEM-FEM is used to solve the governing equations and nonlinear free surface boundary conditions. The results are validated for rectangular container using data obtained for a horizontal periodic sway motion. Using the results of this model a new arrangement of trapezoidal shapes with quadratic sidewalls is suggested for tanker ship storage panels. The suggested geometric shape not only has a maximum surrounded tank volume to the constant available volume, but also reduces the sloshing effects more efficiently than the existing geometric shapes.

Getting Your Sea Legs.

PubMed

Stoffregen, Thomas A; Chen, Fu-Chen; Varlet, Manuel; Alcantara, Cristina; Bardy, Benoît G

2013-01-01

Sea travel mandates changes in the control of the body. The process by which we adapt bodily control to life at sea is known as getting one's sea legs. We conducted the first experimental study of bodily control as maritime novices adapted to motion of a ship at sea. We evaluated postural activity (stance width, stance angle, and the kinematics of body sway) before and during a sea voyage. In addition, we evaluated the role of the visible horizon in the control of body sway. Finally, we related data on postural activity to two subjective experiences that are associated with sea travel; seasickness, and mal de debarquement. Our results revealed rapid changes in postural activity among novices at sea. Before the beginning of the voyage, the temporal dynamics of body sway differed among participants as a function of their (subsequent) severity of seasickness. Body sway measured at sea differed among participants as a function of their (subsequent) experience of mal de debarquement. We discuss implications of these results for general theories of the perception and control of bodily orientation, for the etiology of motion sickness, and for general phenomena of perceptual-motor adaptation and learning.

Design of a new engine mount for vertical and horizontal vibration control using magnetorheological fluid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Phu, D. X.; Choi, S. B.; Lee, Y. S.; Han, M. S.

2014-10-01

This paper presents a new design of a magnetorheological fluid (MR) mount for vibration control considering both vertical forces and horizontal moments such as are met in various engine systems, including a medium high-speed engine of ship. The newly designed mount, called a MR brake mount, offers several salient benefits such as small size and relatively high load capacity compared with a conventional MR engine mount that can control vertical vibration only. The principal design parameters of the proposed mount are optimally determined to achieve maximum torque with geometric and spatial constraints. Subsequently, the proposed MR mount is designed and manufactured based on the optimized design parameters. It is shown from experimental testing that the proposed mount, which combines MR mount with MR brake, can produce the desired force and torque to reduce unwanted vibration of a medium high-speed engine system of ship subjected to both vertical and horizontal exciting motions. In addition, it is verified that there is no large difference between experiment results and simulation results that are obtained from an analytical model derived in this work.

Pattern of passenger injury and illness on expedition cruise ships to Antarctica.

PubMed

Schutz, Lusana; Zak, Dan; Holmes, James F

2014-01-01

Expedition ships to Antarctica travel to remote areas with limited medical support. This study determines the rate and patterns of passenger illness and injuries among those traveling on expedition ships to Antarctica. We hypothesize that severe medical conditions are encountered that require physicians serving on these ships to be skilled enough to care for critically ill or injured patients. We performed a retrospective analysis of the medical records of all passengers who were provided medical care on 26 Antarctica voyages from October 2010 to March 2011 (four different expedition ships). A structured system was used to categorize the diagnoses from each patient encounter. The pattern of traumatic injuries was noted, including location of occurrence. Treatments rendered including patient evacuations were documented. The population is described with incidence rates. A total of 2,366 passengers traveled on 26 trips, for a total of 34,501 person-days. In all, 680 physician visits were done, including 150 consultations for motion sickness preventive care, leaving 530 visits (15.4 visits per 1,000 person-days) for active medical care. Median age was 50 (range 10-90) years and 51% were females. Incidence rates per 1,000 person-days for the most common processes include motion sickness (4.2), infections (3.5), and injury (2.0). Injuries were more likely to occur on the ship (66%, 95% CI: 54-77%) compared to off the ship (34%, 95% CI: 23-46%). Four subjects (0.12/1,000 person-days) were evacuated (three due to traumatic conditions and one due to medical complications) and one person died (medical complication). Passengers on expedition ships to Antarctica may experience significant illness and injury. Ship physicians should be aware of the patterns of injuries and illnesses that occur on expedition ships and should have appropriate training to treat various medical and traumatic conditions including life-threatening illnesses. © 2014 International Society of Travel Medicine.

Effects of Simulated Surface Effect Ship Motions on Crew Habitability. Phase II. Volume 5. Clinical Medical Effects on Volunteers

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-05-01

the 2000 ton surface effect ship (2000T-SES). Nine- teen volunteer human research subjects, selected at different times from 600 naval enlisted...bite, the status of each individual tooth and its root structure. This is required in order to determine that there is an adequate dental, gingival

Specificity of Postural Sway to the Demands of a Precision Task at Sea

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chen, Fu-Chen; Stoffregen, Thomas A.

2012-01-01

Mariners actively adjust their body orientation in response to ship motion. On a ship at sea, we evaluated relations between standing postural activity and the performance of a precision aiming task. Standing participants (experienced mariners) maintained the beam from a handheld laser on a target. Targets were large or small, thereby varying the…

Motion correction for passive radiation imaging of small vessels in ship-to-ship inspections

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ziock, K. P.; Boehnen, C. B.; Ernst, J. M.; Fabris, L.; Hayward, J. P.; Karnowski, T. P.; Paquit, V. C.; Patlolla, D. R.; Trombino, D. G.

2016-01-01

Passive radiation detection remains one of the most acceptable means of ascertaining the presence of illicit nuclear materials. In maritime applications it is most effective against small to moderately sized vessels, where attenuation in the target vessel is of less concern. Unfortunately, imaging methods that can remove source confusion, localize a source, and avoid other systematic detection issues cannot be easily applied in ship-to-ship inspections because relative motion of the vessels blurs the results over many pixels, significantly reducing system sensitivity. This is particularly true for the smaller watercraft, where passive inspections are most valuable. We have developed a combined gamma-ray, stereo visible-light imaging system that addresses this problem. Data from the stereo imager are used to track the relative location and orientation of the target vessel in the field of view of a coded-aperture gamma-ray imager. Using this information, short-exposure gamma-ray images are projected onto the target vessel using simple tomographic back-projection techniques, revealing the location of any sources within the target. The complex autonomous tracking and image reconstruction system runs in real time on a 48-core workstation that deploys with the system.

Motion correction for passive radiation imaging of small vessels in ship-to-ship inspections

DOE PAGES

Ziock, Klaus -Peter; Boehnen, Chris Bensing; Ernst, Joseph M.; ...

2015-09-05

Passive radiation detection remains one of the most acceptable means of ascertaining the presence of illicit nuclear materials. In maritime applications it is most effective against small to moderately sized vessels, where attenuation in the target vessel is of less concern. Unfortunately, imaging methods that can remove source confusion, localize a source, and avoid other systematic detection issues cannot be easily applied in ship-to-ship inspections because relative motion of the vessels blurs the results over many pixels, significantly reducing system sensitivity. This is particularly true for the smaller watercraft, where passive inspections are most valuable. We have developed a combinedmore » gamma-ray, stereo visible-light imaging system that addresses this problem. Data from the stereo imager are used to track the relative location and orientation of the target vessel in the field of view of a coded-aperture gamma-ray imager. Using this information, short-exposure gamma-ray images are projected onto the target vessel using simple tomographic back-projection techniques, revealing the location of any sources within the target. Here,the complex autonomous tracking and image reconstruction system runs in real time on a 48-core workstation that deploys with the system.« less

TEMPEST Level-0 Theory

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-11-01

trajectory of the ship-fixed reference system relative to an earth-fixed reference system. The earth-fixed reference frame, EEE ZYX O , is assumed to be...the ship and moves with all the motions of the ship. The EEE ZYX O axis system is fixed to the earth. A third axis system, ’’’ zyxO , is required...added to account for the turbulence in the propeller slipstream: 2075.0445.0225.1 eeS aa  radians for aeɛ.0 565.0S radians for ae

Plate motions, Gondwana dinosaurs, Noah's arks, beached Viking funeral ships, ghost ships, and landspans.

PubMed

Jacobs, Louis L; Strganac, Christopher; Scotese, Christopher

2011-03-01

Gondwana landmasses have served as large-scale biogeographic Noah's Arks and Beached Viking Funeral Ships, as defined by McKenna. The latitudinal trajectories of selected Gondwana dinosaur localities were traced through time in order to evaluate their movement through climate zones relative to those in which they originally formed. The dispersal of fauna during the breakup of Gondwana may have been facilitated by the presence of offshelf islands forming landspans (sensu Iturralde-Vinent and MacPhee) in the Equatorial Atlantic Gateway and elsewhere.

Improving the accuracy of wind speed observations from ships

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rahmstorf, Stefan

1989-08-01

Wind measurements from ships are troubled by the disturbance of the wind field caused by the ship's hull and superstructure. To minimize this problem we used an anemometer on a boom 10 m off the port side of R.V. Rapuhia (former Meteor). Calculations show that the effect of the ship's rolling motions is negligible in most circumstances. Calibration runs, accelerating and decelerating the ship, were conducted to compare the performance of the anemometer on the boom with a traditional installation on the foremast. Significant differences were found. Even larger differences showed up between routine wind reports prepared by the ship's officers from reading the mast anemometer, and careful measurements with the boom anemometer. The routine reports appear to be 30% too high in moderate to strong winds, and unreliable in low winds. The most accurate wind time series can be constru information collected with both anemometers.

Active Wireline Heave Compensation for Ocean Drilling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goldberg, D.; Liu, T.; Swain, K.; Furman, C.; Iturrino, G. J.

2014-12-01

The up-and-down heave motion of a ship causes a similar motion on any instruments tethered on wireline cable below it. If the amplitude of this motion is greater than a few tens of cm, significant discrepancy in the depth below the ship is introduced, causing uncertainty in the acquired data. Large and irregular cabled motions also increase the risk of damaging tethered instruments, particularly those with relatively delicate sensors. In 2005, Schlumberger and Deep Down, Inc built an active wireline heave compensator (AHC) system for use onboard the JOIDES Resolution to compensate for heave motion on wireline logging tools deployed in scientific drill holes. The goals for the new AHC system were to (1) design a reliable heave compensation system; and (2) devise a robust and quantitative methodology for routine assessment of compensation efficiency (CE) during wireline operations. Software programs were developed to monitor CE and the dynamics of logging tools in real-time, including system performance under variable parameters such as water depth, sea state, cable length, logging speed and direction. We present the CE results from the AHC system on the JOIDES Resolution during a 5-year period of recent IODP operations and compare the results to those from previous compensation systems deployed during ODP and IODP. Based on new data under heave conditions of ±0.2-2.0 m and water depths of 300-4,800 m in open holes, the system reduces 65-80% of downhole tool displacement under stationary conditions and 50-60% during normal logging operations. Moreover, down/up tool motion at low speeds (300-600 m/h) reduces the system's CE values by 15-20%, and logging down at higher speeds (1,000-1,200 m/h) reduces CE values by 55-65%. Furthermore, the system yields slightly lower CE values of 40-50% without tension feedback of the downhole cable while logging. These results indicate that the new system's compensation efficiency is comparable to or better than previous systems, with additional advantages that include upgradable compensation control software and the capability for continued assessment under varying environmental conditions. Future integration of downhole cable dynamics as an input feedback could further improve CE during logging operations.­

Description and evaluation of the Acoustic Profiling of Ocean Currents (APOC) system used on R. V. Oceanus cruise 96 on 11-22 May 1981

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Joyce, T. M.; Rintoul, S. R., Jr.; Barbour, R. L.

1982-01-01

The underway current profiling system which consists of a microprocessor controlled data logger that collects and formats data from a four beam Ametek-Straza 300 kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler, heading from the ship's gyrocompass, and navigation information from a Loran-C receiver and a satellite navigation unit is discussed. Data are recorded on magnetic tape and real time is calculated. Time averaging is required to remove effects of ship motion. An intercomparison is made with a moored vector measuring current meter (VMCM). The mean difference in hourly averaged APOC and VMCM currents over the four hour intercomparison is a few mm s minus including: two Gulf Stream crossings, a warm core ring survey, and shallow water in a frontal zone to the east of Nantucket Shoals.

Feasibility Study of TRISCAN Landing System.

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-10-01

as inclinometers, tiltmeters , vertical sensors , level sensors , pendulums, and gravity sensing electrolytic transducers. Of course, the common...5.0 NAVTOLAND SENSOR REQUIREMENTS 5.1 TRISCAN PERFORMANCE _ --* L 5.2 SHIPS MOTION SENSING 5.3 DATA LINK Dit.S.ia 6.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...involved in enabling the pilot to fly V/STOL Aircraft onto Navy Ships and Marine Corps tactical sites. Guidance sensors have been identified as being

Hydrodynamic Drag Reduction

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-04-01

Computational Engineering unstructured RANS/LES/DES solver , Tenasi, was used to predict drag and simulate the free surface flow around the ACV over a...using a second-order accurate Roe approximate Riemann scheme, while viscous fluxes are evaluated using a second-order directional derivative approach...Predictions of rigid body ship motions for the SI75 container ship in incident waves and methodology for a one-way coupling of the Tenasi flow solver

Getting Your Sea Legs

PubMed Central

Stoffregen, Thomas A.; Chen, Fu-Chen; Varlet, Manuel; Alcantara, Cristina; Bardy, Benoît G.

2013-01-01

Sea travel mandates changes in the control of the body. The process by which we adapt bodily control to life at sea is known as getting one's sea legs. We conducted the first experimental study of bodily control as maritime novices adapted to motion of a ship at sea. We evaluated postural activity (stance width, stance angle, and the kinematics of body sway) before and during a sea voyage. In addition, we evaluated the role of the visible horizon in the control of body sway. Finally, we related data on postural activity to two subjective experiences that are associated with sea travel; seasickness, and mal de debarquement. Our results revealed rapid changes in postural activity among novices at sea. Before the beginning of the voyage, the temporal dynamics of body sway differed among participants as a function of their (subsequent) severity of seasickness. Body sway measured at sea differed among participants as a function of their (subsequent) experience of mal de debarquement. We discuss implications of these results for general theories of the perception and control of bodily orientation, for the etiology of motion sickness, and for general phenomena of perceptual-motor adaptation and learning. PMID:23840560

The Role of Extra-Vestibular Inputs in Maintaining Spatial Orientation in Military Vehicles

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-02-01

flow contribute to spatial orientation. Disordered regulation of any of these factors can be identified in land based tests and allows us to study pre...adaptation disorders . 1,2 The sensory conflict theory of motion sickness states that motion sickness arises when one or several inputs from the body’s sensory...several episodes of severe motion sickness during an operational military assignment (usually aboard ship), but demonstrate no balance disorder or ear

Real time estimation and prediction of ship motions using Kalman filtering techniques

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Triantafyllou, M. A.; Bodson, M.; Athans, M.

1982-01-01

A landing scheme for landing V/STOL aircraft on rolling ships was sought using computerized simulations. The equations of motion as derived from hydrodynamics, their form and the physical mechanisms involved and the general form of the approximation are discussed. The modeling of the sea is discussed. The derivation of the state-space equations for the DD-963 destroyer is described. Kalman filter studies are presented and the influence of the various parameters is assessed. The effect of various modeling parameters on the rms error is assessed and simplifying conclusions are drawn. An upper bound for prediction time of about five seconds is established, with the exception of roll, which can be predicted up to ten seconds ahead.

Sub-Ocean Drilling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1981-01-01

The National Science Foundation (NSF) initialized a new phase of exploration last year, a 10 year effort jointly funded by NSF and several major oil companies, known as the Ocean Margin Drilling Program (OMDP). The OMDP requires a ship with capabilities beyond existing drill ships; it must drill in 13,000 feet of water to a depth 20,000 feet below the ocean floor. To meet requirements, NSF is considering the conversion of the government-owned mining ship Glomar Explorer to a deep ocean drilling and coring vessel. Feasibility study performed by Donhaiser Marine, Inc. analyzed the ship's characteristics for suitability and evaluated conversion requirement. DMI utilized COSMIC's Ship Motion and Sea Load Computer program to perform analysis which could not be accomplished by other means. If approved for conversion, Glomar Explorer is expected to begin operations as a drillship in 1984.

Investigation on coupling error characteristics in angular rate matching based ship deformation measurement approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Shuai; Wu, Wei; Wang, Xingshu; Xu, Zhiguang

2018-01-01

The coupling error in the measurement of ship hull deformation can significantly influence the attitude accuracy of the shipborne weapons and equipments. It is therefore important to study the characteristics of the coupling error. In this paper, an comprehensive investigation on the coupling error is reported, which has a potential of deducting the coupling error in the future. Firstly, the causes and characteristics of the coupling error are analyzed theoretically based on the basic theory of measuring ship deformation. Then, simulations are conducted for verifying the correctness of the theoretical analysis. Simulation results show that the cross-correlation between dynamic flexure and ship angular motion leads to the coupling error in measuring ship deformation, and coupling error increases with the correlation value between them. All the simulation results coincide with the theoretical analysis.

GPS-Acoustic Seafloor Geodesy using a Wave Glider

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chadwell, C. D.

2013-12-01

The conventional approach to implement the GPS-Acoustic technique uses a ship or buoy for the interface between GPS and Acoustics. The high cost and limited availability of ships restricts occupations to infrequent campaign-style measurements. A new approach to address this problem uses a remote controlled, wave-powered sea surface vehicle, the Wave Glider. The Wave Glider uses sea-surface wave action for forward propulsion with both upward and downward motions producing forward thrust. It uses solar energy for power with solar panels charging the onboard 660 W-h battery for near continuous operation. It uses Iridium for communication providing command and control from shore plus status and user data via the satellite link. Given both the sea-surface wave action and solar energy are renewable, the vehicle can operate for extended periods (months) remotely. The vehicle can be launched from a small boat and can travel at ~ 1 kt to locations offshore. We have adapted a Wave Glider for seafloor geodesy by adding a dual frequency GPS receiver embedded in an Inertial Navigation Unit, a second GPS antenna/receiver to align the INU, and a high precision acoustic ranging system. We will report results of initial testing of the system conducted at SIO. In 2014, the new approach will be used for seafloor geodetic measurements of plate motion in the Cascadia Subduction Zone. The project is for a three-year effort to measure plate motion at three sites along an East-West profile at latitude 44.6 N, offshore Newport Oregon. One site will be located on the incoming plate to measure the present day convergence between the Juan de Fuca and North American plates and two additional sites will be located on the continental slope of NA to measure the elastic deformation due to stick-slip behavior on the mega-thrust fault. These new seafloor data will constrain existing models of slip behavior that presently are poorly constrained by land geodetic data 100 km from the deformation front.

Multiscale Observation System for Sea Ice Drift and Deformation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lensu, M.; Haapala, J. J.; Heiler, I.; Karvonen, J.; Suominen, M.

2011-12-01

The drift and deformation of sea ice cover is most commonly followed from successive SAR images. The time interval between the images is seldom less than one day which provides rather crude approximation of the motion fields as ice can move tens of kilometers per day. This is particulary so from the viewpoint of operative services, seeking to provide real time information for ice navigating ships and other end users, as leads are closed and opened or ridge fields created in time scales of one hour or less. The ice forecast models are in a need of better temporal resolution for ice motion data as well. We present experiences from a multiscale monitoring system set up to the Bay of Bothnia, the northernmost basin of the Baltic Sea. The basin generates difficult ice conditions every winter while the ports are kept open with the help of an icebreaker fleet. The key addition to SAR imagery is the use of coastal radars for the monitoring of coastal ice fields. An independent server is used to tap the radar signal and process it to suit ice monitoring purposes. This is done without interfering the basic use of the radars, the ship traffic monitoring. About 20 images per minute are captured and sent to the headquarters for motion field extraction, website animation and distribution. This provides very detailed real time picture of the ice movement and deformation within 20 km range. The real time movements are followed in addition with ice drifter arrays, and using AIS ship identification data, from which the translation of ship cannels due to ice drift can be found out. To the operative setup is associated an extensive research effort that uses the data for ice drift model enhancement. The Baltic ice models seek to forecast conditions relevant to ship traffic, especilly hazardous ones like severe ice compression. The main missing link here is downscaling, or the relation of local scale ice dynamics and kinematics to the ice model scale behaviour. The data flow when combined with SAR images gives information on how large scale ice cover motions manifest as local scale deformations. The research includes also ice stress measurements for relating the kinematic state and modeled stresses to local scale ice cover stresses, and ice thickness mappings with profiling sonars and EM methods. Downscaling results based on four-month campaing during winter 2011 are presented.

The effects of Navy ship ladder descent on the knee internal joint reaction forces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Coulter, Jonathan D.; Weinhandl, Joshua T.; Bawab, Sebastian Y.; Ringleb, Stacie I.

2017-02-01

Military populations may be at risk for developing knee osteoarthritis and other knee problems when descending a Navy ship ladder, which differs from traditional stairs due to non-overlapping treads, a larger rise and a steeper inclination angle. The purpose of this study was to develop a forward dynamic model of the descent of a Navy ship ladder to determine how this motion affects the internal knee reaction forces and how altering the hamstring/quadriceps ratio affects the internal joint reaction forces in the knee. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected from three male sailors descending a replica of a Navy ship ladder and were used as input into a model constructed in OpenSim. The peak resultant joint reaction force was 6.6 × BW, which was greater than values reported in the literature in traditional stairs. Peak compressive and anterior joint reaction forces, 4.05 × BW and 5.46 × BW, respectively, were greater than reported values for a squat, a motion similar to descending a ship ladder. The average peak vertical and anterior internal joint reaction force at the knee were 4.05 × BW and 5.46 × BW, respectively. The resultant joint reaction forces calculated from the ladder descent were greater than stair descent and squatting. Little effects were found in the joint reaction forces after adjusting the quadriceps to hamstring muscle strength ratios, possibly because these ratios might change the distribution of the contact forces across the joint, not the resultant forces.

A Methodology for the Evaluation of Alternative Offshore Container Discharge Systems.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-04-01

effects of sea induced motions . These in- clude the use of larger capacity cranes to withstand the extra loads , structural modifications or add-on...relative motion between ships at sea. (39,40) Solutions include: a) Accelerometers mounted in the load block, crane boom tip, and on the deck of the...between the vertical motion of the crane boom and the load has the char- I acteristics of a high pass filter. That is, low frequency excursions of

Analysis for the amplitude oscillatory movements of the ship in response to the incidence wave

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chiţu, M. G.; Zăgan, R.; Manea, E.

2015-11-01

Event of major accident navigation near offshore drilling rigs remains unacceptably high, known as the complications arising from the problematic of the general motions of the ship sailing under real sea. Dynamic positioning system is an effective instrument used on board of the ships operating in the extraction of oil and gas in the continental shelf of the seas and oceans, being essential that the personnel on board of the vessel can maintain position and operating point or imposed on a route with high precision. By the adoption of a strict safety in terms of handling and positioning of the vessel in the vicinity of the drilling platform, the risk of accidents can be reduced to a minimum. Possibilities in anticipation amplitudes of the oscillatory movements of the ships navigating in real sea, is a challenge for naval architects and OCTOPUS software is a tool used increasingly more in this respect, complementing navigational facilities offered by dynamic positioning systems. This paper presents a study on the amplitudes of the oscillations categories of supply vessels in severe hydro meteorological conditions of navigation. The study provides information on the RAO (Response Amplitude Operator) response operator of the ship, for the amplitude of the roll movements, in some incident wave systems, interpreted using the energy spectrum Jonswap and whose characteristics are known (significant height of the wave, wave period, pulsation of the wave). Ship responses are analyzed according to different positioning of the ship in relation to the wave front (incident angle ranging from 10 to 10 degree from 0 to 180), highlighting the value of the ship roll motion amplitude. For the study, was used, as a tool for modeling and simulation, the features offered by OCTOPUS software that allows the study of the computerized behavior of the ship on the waves, in the real conditions of navigation. Program library was used for both the vessel itself and navigation modeling environment, for regular waves as well for the irregular waves which was modeled using Jonswap energy spectrum.

Course Keeping Control of an Autonomous Boat using Low Cost Sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Zhenyu; Bao, Xinping; Nonami, Kenzo

This paper discusses the course keeping control problem for a small autonomous boat using low cost sensors. Comparing with full scale ships, a small boat is more sensitive to the environmental disturbances because of its small size and low inertia. The sensors available in the boat are a low cost GPS and a rate gyro while the commonly used compass in ship control is absent. The combined effect from disturbance, poor accuracy and significant delay in GPS measurement makes it a challenging task to achieve good performance. In this paper, we propose a simple dynamic model for the boat's horizontal motion. The model is based on the Nomoto's model and can be seen as an extension to it. The model describes the dynamics between rudder deflection and the boat's velocity vector angle while Nomoto's model reveals that between rudder deflection and the boat's yaw angle. With the proposed model there is no need for a yaw sensor for control if the boat's moving direction can be measured. GPS is a convenient device for that job. Based on the derived model, we apply mixed H2/H∞ control method to design the controller. It can guarantee the robust stability, and as the same time it can optimize the performance in the sense of H2 norm. The experimental data show that the proposed approach is proved to be effective and useful.

Safe Maritime Autonomous Path Planning in a High Sea State

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ono, Masahiro; Quadrelli, Marco; Huntsberger, Terrance L.

2014-01-01

This paper presents a path planning method for sea surface vehicles that prevents capsizing and bow-diving in a high sea-state. A key idea is to use response amplitude operators (RAOs) or, in control terminology, the transfer functions from a sea state to a vessel's motion, in order to find a set of speeds and headings that results in excessive pitch and roll oscillations. This information is translated to arithmetic constraints on the ship's velocity, which are passed to a model predictive control (MPC)-based path planner to find a safe and optimal path that achieves specified goals. An obstacle avoidance capability is also added to the path planner. The proposed method is demonstrated by simulations.

The Effects of Various Fidelity Factors on Simulated Helicopter Hover

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-01-01

18 VISUAL DISPLAY ....... ....................... ... 20 §. AUDITORY CUES ........... ........................ 23 • SHIP MOTION MODEL...and DiCarlo, 1974), the evaluation of visual, auditory , and motion cues for helicopter simulation (Parrish, Houck, and Martin, 1977), and the...supply the cue. As the tilt should be supplied subliminally , a forward/aft translation must be used to cue the acceleration’s onset. If only rotation

46 CFR 154.409 - Dynamic loads from vessel motion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Dynamic loads from vessel motion. 154.409 Section 154... reduced speed is used in the hull strength calculation under § 31.10-5(c) of this chapter. (b) If the... EC02FE91.086 (d) If a cargo tank is designed to avoid fatigue, the dynamic loads determined under paragraph...

46 CFR 154.409 - Dynamic loads from vessel motion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Dynamic loads from vessel motion. 154.409 Section 154... reduced speed is used in the hull strength calculation under § 31.10-5(c) of this chapter. (b) If the... EC02FE91.086 (d) If a cargo tank is designed to avoid fatigue, the dynamic loads determined under paragraph...

46 CFR 154.409 - Dynamic loads from vessel motion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Dynamic loads from vessel motion. 154.409 Section 154... reduced speed is used in the hull strength calculation under § 31.10-5(c) of this chapter. (b) If the... EC02FE91.086 (d) If a cargo tank is designed to avoid fatigue, the dynamic loads determined under paragraph...

46 CFR 154.409 - Dynamic loads from vessel motion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Dynamic loads from vessel motion. 154.409 Section 154... reduced speed is used in the hull strength calculation under § 31.10-5(c) of this chapter. (b) If the... EC02FE91.086 (d) If a cargo tank is designed to avoid fatigue, the dynamic loads determined under paragraph...

Nonlinear ship waves and computational fluid dynamics

PubMed Central

MIYATA, Hideaki; ORIHARA, Hideo; SATO, Yohei

2014-01-01

Research works undertaken in the first author’s laboratory at the University of Tokyo over the past 30 years are highlighted. Finding of the occurrence of nonlinear waves (named Free-Surface Shock Waves) in the vicinity of a ship advancing at constant speed provided the start-line for the progress of innovative technologies in the ship hull-form design. Based on these findings, a multitude of the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) techniques have been developed over this period, and are highlighted in this paper. The TUMMAC code has been developed for wave problems, based on a rectangular grid system, while the WISDAM code treats both wave and viscous flow problems in the framework of a boundary-fitted grid system. These two techniques are able to cope with almost all fluid dynamical problems relating to ships, including the resistance, ship’s motion and ride-comfort issues. Consequently, the two codes have contributed significantly to the progress in the technology of ship design, and now form an integral part of the ship-designing process. PMID:25311139

A comparison of methods for evaluating structure during ship collisions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ammerman, D.J.; Daidola, J.C.

1996-10-01

A comparison is provided of the results of various methods for evaluating structure during a ship-to-ship collision. The baseline vessel utilized in the analyses is a 67.4 meter in length displacement hull struck by an identical vessel traveling at speeds ranging from 10 to 30 knots. The structural response of the struck vessel and motion of both the struck and striking vessels are assessed by finite element analysis. These same results are then compared to predictions utilizing the {open_quotes}Tanker Structural Analysis for Minor Collisions{close_quotes} (TSAMC) Method, the Minorsky Method, the Haywood Collision Process, and comparison to full-scale tests. Consideration ismore » given to the nature of structural deformation, absorbed energy, penetration, rigid body motion, and virtual mass affecting the hydrodynamic response. Insights are provided with regard to the calibration of the finite element model which was achievable through utilizing the more empirical analyses and the extent to which the finite element analysis is able to simulate the entire collision event. 7 refs., 8 figs., 4 tabs.« less

A Semi-Analytical Method for the PDFs of A Ship Rolling in Random Oblique Waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Li-qin; Liu, Ya-liu; Xu, Wan-hai; Li, Yan; Tang, You-gang

2018-03-01

The PDFs (probability density functions) and probability of a ship rolling under the random parametric and forced excitations were studied by a semi-analytical method. The rolling motion equation of the ship in random oblique waves was established. The righting arm obtained by the numerical simulation was approximately fitted by an analytical function. The irregular waves were decomposed into two Gauss stationary random processes, and the CARMA (2, 1) model was used to fit the spectral density function of parametric and forced excitations. The stochastic energy envelope averaging method was used to solve the PDFs and the probability. The validity of the semi-analytical method was verified by the Monte Carlo method. The C11 ship was taken as an example, and the influences of the system parameters on the PDFs and probability were analyzed. The results show that the probability of ship rolling is affected by the characteristic wave height, wave length, and the heading angle. In order to provide proper advice for the ship's manoeuvring, the parametric excitations should be considered appropriately when the ship navigates in the oblique seas.

Free-Surface Fluid-Object Interaction for the Large-Scale Computation of Ship Hydrodynamics Phenomena

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-05-21

simulating air-water free -surface flow, fluid-object interaction (FOI), and fluid-structure interaction (FSI) phenomena for complex geometries, and...with no limitations on the motion of the free surface, and with particular emphasis on ship hydrodynamics. The following specific research objectives...were identified for this project: 1) Development of a theoretical framework for free -surface flow, FOI and FSI that is a suitable starting point

Recent advances in vibro-impact dynamics and collision of ocean vessels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ibrahim, Raouf A.

2014-11-01

The treatment of ship impacts and collisions takes different approaches depending on the emphasis of each discipline. For example, dynamicists, physicist, and mathematicians are dealing with developing analytical models and mappings of vibro-impact systems. On the other hand, naval architects and ship designers are interested in developing design codes and structural assessments due to slamming loads, liquid sloshing impact loads in liquefied natural gas tanks and ship grounding accidents. The purpose of this review is to highlight the main differences of the two disciplines. It begins with a brief account of the theory of vibro-impact dynamics based on modeling and mapping of systems experiencing discontinuous changes in their state of motion due to collision. The main techniques used in modeling include power-law phenomenological modeling, Hertzian modeling, and non-smooth coordinate transformations originally developed by Zhuravlev and Ivanov. In view of their effectiveness, both Zhuravlev and Ivanov non-smooth coordinate transformations will be described and assessed for the case of ship roll dynamics experiencing impact with rigid barriers. These transformations have the advantage of converting the vibro-impact oscillator into an oscillator without barriers such that the corresponding equation of motion does not contain any impact term. One of the recent results dealing with the coefficient of restitution is that its value monotonically decreases with the impact velocity and not unique but random in nature. Slamming loads and grounding events of ocean waves acting on the bottom of high speed vessels will be assessed with reference to the ship structural damage. It will be noticed that naval architects and marine engineers are treating these problems using different approaches from those used by dynamicists. The problem of sloshing impact in liquefied natural gas cargo and related problems will be assessed based on the numerical and experimental results. It is important for vessel designers to determine the capacity of ships to resist random slamming loads, sloshing loading impact, grounding accidents and ships collisions.

KSC-06pd2645

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-12-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The X-band radar array is installed on the solid rocket booster retrieval ship Liberty before launch of Space Shuttle Discovery. It is one of two Weibel Continuous Pulse Doppler X-band radars located on each of the two SRB retrieval ships. This one will be located downrange of the launch site. Working with the land-based C-band radar, the X-band radars provide velocity and differential shuttle/debris motion information during launch. The radar data will be sent from the ships via satellite link and analyzed at the C-band radar site located on north Kennedy Space Center. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-06pd2643

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-12-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The X-band radar array is installed on the solid rocket booster retrieval ship Liberty before launch of Space Shuttle Discovery. It is one of two Weibel Continuous Pulse Doppler X-band radars located on each of the two SRB retrieval ships. This one will be located downrange of the launch site. Working with the land-based C-band radar, the X-band radars provide velocity and differential shuttle/debris motion information during launch. The radar data will be sent from the ships via satellite link and analyzed at the C-band radar site located on north Kennedy Space Center. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-06pd2646

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-12-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The X-band radar array is installed on the solid rocket booster retrieval ship Liberty before launch of Space Shuttle Discovery. It is one of two Weibel Continuous Pulse Doppler X-band radars located on each of the two SRB retrieval ships. This one will be located downrange of the launch site. Working with the land-based C-band radar, the X-band radars provide velocity and differential shuttle/debris motion information during launch. The radar data will be sent from the ships via satellite link and analyzed at the C-band radar site located on north Kennedy Space Center. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-06pd2644

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-12-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The X-band radar array is installed on the solid rocket booster retrieval ship Liberty before launch of Space Shuttle Discovery. It is one of two Weibel Continuous Pulse Doppler X-band radars located on each of the two SRB retrieval ships. This one will be located downrange of the launch site. Working with the land-based C-band radar, the X-band radars provide velocity and differential shuttle/debris motion information during launch. The radar data will be sent from the ships via satellite link and analyzed at the C-band radar site located on north Kennedy Space Center. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

ShipMo3D Version 3.0 User Manual for Computing Ship Motions in the Time and Frequency Domains

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

permettent de modéliser un navire en manœuvre libre et en eau calme ou dans les vagues. SM3DBuildSeaway construit des modèles de voie maritime à trajet...manœuvrant libre - ment en eau calme ou dans une voie maritime modélisée. Plusieurs applications du logiciel ShipMo3D font des prévisions des mouvements de...can be produced. For a random seaway, the range of wave frequencies should be sufficient to encompass almost all energy within the wave spectrum. For

KSC-06pd1274

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-06-28

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - An X-band radar is installed on the U.S. Naval Ship Hayes at Port Canaveral in Florida to support the July 1 launch of Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-121. There are two Continuous Pulse Doppler X-band radars located on ships for the STS-121 launch. The other one is mounted on a booster recovery ship downrange of the launch site. The two radars provide velocity and differential Shuttle/debris motion information. Combined with the C-band radar located at the Haulover Canal near the launch site, they provide high definition images of any debris that might fall from the external tank/shuttle. The X-band data (screen captures) will be sent from the ships via satellite link to the National Center for Atmospheric Research site. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

KSC-06pd1273

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-06-28

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - An X-band radar is transferred onto the U.S. Naval Ship Hayes at Port Canaveral in Florida to support the July 1 launch of Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-121. There are two Continuous Pulse Doppler X-band radars located on ships for the STS-121 launch. The other one is mounted on a booster recovery ship downrange of the launch site. The two radars provide velocity and differential Shuttle/debris motion information. Combined with the C-band radar located at the Haulover Canal near the launch site, they provide high definition images of any debris that might fall from the external tank/shuttle. The X-band data (screen captures) will be sent from the ships via satellite link to the National Center for Atmospheric Research site. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

Influence of motion coupling and nonlinear effects on parametric roll for a floating production storage and offloading platform.

PubMed

Greco, M; Lugni, C; Faltinsen, O M

2015-01-28

Occurrence and features of parametric roll (PR) on a weather-vaning floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) platform with a turret single-point mooring-line system are examined. The main focus is on the relevance of motions coupling and nonlinear effects on this phenomenon and on more general unstable conditions as well as on the occurrence and severity of water on deck. This work was motivated by recent experiments on an FPSO model without mooring systems highlighting the occurrence of parametric resonance owing to roll-yaw coupling. A three-dimensional numerical hybrid potential-flow seakeeping solver was able to capture this behaviour. The same method, extended to include the mooring lines, is adopted here to investigate the platform behaviour for different incident wavelengths, steepnesses, headings, locations of the turret and pretensions. From the results, sway and yaw tend to destabilize the system, also bringing chaotic features. The sway-roll-yaw coupling widens the existence region of PR resonance and increases PR severity; it also results in a larger amount of shipped water, especially at smaller wavelength-to-ship length ratio and larger steepness. The chaotic features are excited when a sufficiently large yaw amplitude is reached. Consistently, a simplified stability analysis showed the relevance of nonlinear-restoring coefficients, first those connected with the sway-yaw coupling then those associated with the roll-yaw coupling, both destabilizing. From the stability analysis, the system is unstable for all longitudinal locations of the turret and pre-tensions examined, but the instability weakens as the turret is moved forward, and the pre-tension is increased. The use of a suitable dynamic-positioning system can control the horizontal motions, avoiding the instability. © 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.

Influence of motion coupling and nonlinear effects on parametric roll for a floating production storage and offloading platform

PubMed Central

Greco, M.; Lugni, C.; Faltinsen, O. M.

2015-01-01

Occurrence and features of parametric roll (PR) on a weather-vaning floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) platform with a turret single-point mooring-line system are examined. The main focus is on the relevance of motions coupling and nonlinear effects on this phenomenon and on more general unstable conditions as well as on the occurrence and severity of water on deck. This work was motivated by recent experiments on an FPSO model without mooring systems highlighting the occurrence of parametric resonance owing to roll–yaw coupling. A three-dimensional numerical hybrid potential-flow seakeeping solver was able to capture this behaviour. The same method, extended to include the mooring lines, is adopted here to investigate the platform behaviour for different incident wavelengths, steepnesses, headings, locations of the turret and pretensions. From the results, sway and yaw tend to destabilize the system, also bringing chaotic features. The sway–roll–yaw coupling widens the existence region of PR resonance and increases PR severity; it also results in a larger amount of shipped water, especially at smaller wavelength-to-ship length ratio and larger steepness. The chaotic features are excited when a sufficiently large yaw amplitude is reached. Consistently, a simplified stability analysis showed the relevance of nonlinear-restoring coefficients, first those connected with the sway–yaw coupling then those associated with the roll–yaw coupling, both destabilizing. From the stability analysis, the system is unstable for all longitudinal locations of the turret and pre-tensions examined, but the instability weakens as the turret is moved forward, and the pre-tension is increased. The use of a suitable dynamic-positioning system can control the horizontal motions, avoiding the instability. PMID:25512590

KSC-06pd2648

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-12-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Radar operator Scott Peabody tests the X-band radar array installed on the solid rocket booster retrieval ship Liberty before launch of Space Shuttle Discovery. It is one of two Weibel Continuous Pulse Doppler X-band radars located on each of the two SRB retrieval ships. This one will be located downrange of the launch site. It is one of two Weibel Continuous Pulse Doppler X-band radars located on each of the two SRB retrieval ships. This one will be located downrange of the launch site. Working with the land-based C-band radar, the X-band radars provide velocity and differential shuttle/debris motion information during launch. The radar data will be sent from the ships via satellite link and analyzed at the C-band radar site located on north Kennedy Space Center. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-06pd2647

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-12-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Radar operator Scott Peabody tests the X-band radar array installed on the solid rocket booster retrieval ship Liberty before launch of Space Shuttle Discovery. It is one of two Weibel Continuous Pulse Doppler X-band radars located on each of the two SRB retrieval ships. This one will be located downrange of the launch site. It is one of two Weibel Continuous Pulse Doppler X-band radars located on each of the two SRB retrieval ships. This one will be located downrange of the launch site. Working with the land-based C-band radar, the X-band radars provide velocity and differential shuttle/debris motion information during launch. The radar data will be sent from the ships via satellite link and analyzed at the C-band radar site located on north Kennedy Space Center. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-06pd1270

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-06-28

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - A support equipment module for an X-band radar is being loaded on the U.S. Naval Ship Hayes at Port Canaveral in Florida to support the July 1 launch of Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-121. There are two Continuous Pulse Doppler X-band radars located on ships for the STS-121 launch. The other one is mounted on a booster recovery ship downrange of the launch site. The two radars provide velocity and differential Shuttle/debris motion information. Combined with the C-band radar located at the Haulover Canal near the launch site, they provide high definition images of any debris that might fall from the external tank/shuttle. The X-band data (screen captures) will be sent from the ships via satellite link to the National Center for Atmospheric Research site. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

KSC-06pd1271

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-06-28

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - An X-band radar is ready to be loaded on the U.S. Naval Ship Hayes at Port Canaveral in Florida to support the July 1 launch of Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-121. There are two Continuous Pulse Doppler X-band radars located on ships for the STS-121 launch. The other one is mounted on a booster recovery ship downrange of the launch site. The two radars provide velocity and differential Shuttle/debris motion information. Combined with the C-band radar located at the Haulover Canal near the launch site, they provide high definition images of any debris that might fall from the external tank/shuttle. The X-band data (screen captures) will be sent from the ships via satellite link to the National Center for Atmospheric Research site. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

The effects of platform motion and target orientation on the performance of trackball manipulation.

PubMed

Yau, Yi-Jan; Chao, Chin-Jung; Feng, Wen-Yang; Hwang, Sheue-Ling

2011-08-01

The trackball has been widely employed as a control/command input device on moving vehicles, but few studies have explored the effects of platform motion on its manipulation. Fewer still have considered this issue in designing the user interface and the arrangement of console location and orientation simultaneously. This work describes an experiment carried out to investigate the performance of trackball users on a simple point-and-click task in a motion simulator. By varying the orientation of onscreen targets, the effect of cursor movement direction on performance is investigated. The results indicate that the platform motion and target orientation both significantly affect the time required to point and click, but not the accuracy of target selection. The movement times were considerably longer under rolling and pitching motions and for targets located along the diagonal axes of the interface. Subjective evaluations carried out by the participants agree with these objective results. These findings could be used to optimise console and graphical menu design for use on maritime vessels. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: In military situations, matters of life or death may be decided in milliseconds. Any delay or error in classification and identification will thus affect the safety of the ship and its crew. This study demonstrates that performance of manipulating a trackball is affected by the platform motion and target orientation. The results of the present study can guide the arrangement of consoles and the design of trackball-based graphical user interfaces on maritime vessels.

User’s Guide for SHIPINT - A Computer Program to Compute Two Ship Interaction in Waves

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-08-01

P500693.PDF [Page: 1 of 84] Image Cover Sheet CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM NUMBER 500693 UNCLASSIFIED I llllll 111111111111111111111111111111111 TITLE...Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3J 2X4 1 ---------· CONTRACTOR REPORT I I I I I iii;,"’: · 1 Defence Research Establishment Atlantic Canada...SUMMARY 1 Introduction 2 Coordinate Systems and Two Ship Motions 3 Flow Chart 4 Input Data File Description 4.1 shipint.in ........ . 4.2 paneLa.in

FREE-SURFACE SEPARATION OF STEAM AND WATER FOR APPLICATION IN A MARINE REACTOR AT 1000 PSIG

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Steamer, A.G.; Ongman, H.D.

1960-07-13

A series of free-surface steam separation tests were carried out at 1000 psig to obtain data to aid in checking out analytical methods for the effect of ship-s motion on steam separation. Data are presented on the shape and height of the steam-water interface with respect to the indicated water level for two vessel sizes. Further data are presented on the effects of water level and downcomer water velocity on steam carryunder. (auth)

47 CFR 80.80 - Operating controls for ship stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Operating controls for ship stations. 80.80... SERVICES STATIONS IN THE MARITIME SERVICES Operating Requirements and Procedures Station Requirements-Ship Stations § 80.80 Operating controls for ship stations. (a) Each control point must be capable of: (1...

47 CFR 80.80 - Operating controls for ship stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Operating controls for ship stations. 80.80... SERVICES STATIONS IN THE MARITIME SERVICES Operating Requirements and Procedures Station Requirements-Ship Stations § 80.80 Operating controls for ship stations. (a) Each control point must be capable of: (1...

47 CFR 80.80 - Operating controls for ship stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Operating controls for ship stations. 80.80... SERVICES STATIONS IN THE MARITIME SERVICES Operating Requirements and Procedures Station Requirements-Ship Stations § 80.80 Operating controls for ship stations. (a) Each control point must be capable of: (1...

47 CFR 80.80 - Operating controls for ship stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Operating controls for ship stations. 80.80... SERVICES STATIONS IN THE MARITIME SERVICES Operating Requirements and Procedures Station Requirements-Ship Stations § 80.80 Operating controls for ship stations. (a) Each control point must be capable of: (1...

Stability and Control Characteristics of a 1/10-Scale Model of the McDonnell XP-85 Airplane While Attached to the Trapeze

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, Joseph L.

1947-01-01

At the request of the Air Materiel Command, Army Air Forces, an investigation of the low-speed, power-off, stability and control characteristics of the McDonnell XP-85 airplane has been conducted in the Langley free-flight tunnel. The results of the portion of the investigation consisting of tests of a 1/10-scale model to study the stability of the XP-85 when attached to the trapeze and during retraction into the B-36 bomb bay are presented herein. In the power-off condition the stability was satisfactory with all oscillations well damped and the nose-restraining collar could be placed in position without difficulty. In a simulated power-on condition the model had a constant-amplitude rolling and sidewise motion and when the collar was layered, a violent motion resulted if the collar struck the model but failed to hold it in the proper manner. Folding of the wings and retraction into the bomb bay offered no problem once the airplane was properly held by the collar. It is recommended that the power be cut immediately after hooking on and that a restricting mechanism be incorporated in the center of the trapeze to eliminate the sidewise motion. It also appears desirable to have the retracting procedure controlled by the XP-85 pilot or an observer in the mother ship to insure that the parasite is in proper position after hooking up before bringing the collar down.

FY08 In-House Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) and Independent Applied Research (IAR) Annual Reports

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-01

body (SUBOFF) in rotation, NSWCCD-50- TR-2008/030. Carneal, J., S. Percival, A. Etebari, P. Atsavapranee, T. Farabee, M. Goody, Optical bubble...Coursekeeping Funding Year: Third Principal Investigator: Dr. Ray-Qing Lin, Code: 5500, NSWC Carderock Phone: 301-227-3945, E-mail Address...accepted for publications Lin, R-Q., and W. Kuang, , Solid- body motion in fully nonlinear ship motion model, submitted to J. Marine Science and

29 CFR 779.107 - Goods defined.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...; advertising, motion pictures, newspaper and radio copy; art work and manuscripts for publication; sample books, letterheads, envelopes, shipping tags, labels, checkbooks, blankbooks, book covers, advertising circulars, and... written materials such as newspapers, magazines, brochures, pamphlets, bulletins, and announcements...

Multi-Innovation Gradient Iterative Locally Weighted Learning Identification for A Nonlinear Ship Maneuvering System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bai, Wei-wei; Ren, Jun-sheng; Li, Tie-shan

2018-06-01

This paper explores a highly accurate identification modeling approach for the ship maneuvering motion with fullscale trial. A multi-innovation gradient iterative (MIGI) approach is proposed to optimize the distance metric of locally weighted learning (LWL), and a novel non-parametric modeling technique is developed for a nonlinear ship maneuvering system. This proposed method's advantages are as follows: first, it can avoid the unmodeled dynamics and multicollinearity inherent to the conventional parametric model; second, it eliminates the over-learning or underlearning and obtains the optimal distance metric; and third, the MIGI is not sensitive to the initial parameter value and requires less time during the training phase. These advantages result in a highly accurate mathematical modeling technique that can be conveniently implemented in applications. To verify the characteristics of this mathematical model, two examples are used as the model platforms to study the ship maneuvering.

KSC-06pd1272

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-06-28

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - On the dock at Port Canaveral in Florida, a worker secures a crane hook on an X-band radar to be transferred to and installed on the U.S. Naval Ship Hayes. The radar will support the July 1 launch of Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-121. There are two Continuous Pulse Doppler X-band radars located on ships for the STS-121 launch. The other one is mounted on a booster recovery ship downrange of the launch site. The two radars provide velocity and differential Shuttle/debris motion information. Combined with the C-band radar located at the Haulover Canal near the launch site, they provide high definition images of any debris that might fall from the external tank/shuttle. The X-band data (screen captures) will be sent from the ships via satellite link to the National Center for Atmospheric Research site. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

Criteria for design of integrated flight/propulsion control systems for STOVL fighter aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Franklin, James A.

1993-01-01

As part of NASA's program to develop technology for short takeoff and vertical landing (STOVL) fighter aircraft, control system designs have been developed for a conceptual STOVL aircraft. This aircraft is representative of the class of mixed-flow remote-lift concepts that was identified as the preferred design approach by the U.S./U.K. STOVL Joint Assessment and Ranking Team. The control system designs have been evaluated throughout the powered-lift flight envelope on the Vertical Motion Simulator (VMS) at Ames Research Center. Items assessed in the control system evaluation were: maximum control power used in transition and vertical flight, control system dynamic response associated with thrust transfer for attitude control, thrust margin in the presence of ground effect and hot-gas ingestion, and dynamic thrust response for the engine core. Effects of wind, turbulence, and ship airwake disturbances are incorporated in the evaluation. Results provide the basis for a reassessment of existing flying-qualities design criteria applied to STOVL aircraft.

Design criteria for integrated flight/propulsion control systems for STOVL fighter aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Franklin, James A.

1993-01-01

As part of NASA's program to develop technology for short takeoff and vertical landing (STOVL) fighter aircraft, control system designs have been developed for a conceptual STOVL aircraft. This aircraft is representative of the class of mixed-flow remote-lift concepts that was identified as the preferred design approach by the US/UK STOVL Joint Assessment and Ranking Team. The control system designs have been evaluated throughout the powered-lift flight envelope on Ames Research Center's Vertical Motion Simulator. Items assessed in the control system evaluation were: maximum control power used in transition and vertical flight, control system dynamic response associated with thrust transfer for attitude control, thrust margin in the presence of ground effect and hot gas ingestion, and dynamic thrust response for the engine core. Effects of wind, turbulence, and ship airwake disturbances are incorporated in the evaluation. Results provide the basis for a reassessment of existing flying qualities design criteria applied to STOVL aircraft.

Error analysis of motion correction method for laser scanning of moving objects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goel, S.; Lohani, B.

2014-05-01

The limitation of conventional laser scanning methods is that the objects being scanned should be static. The need of scanning moving objects has resulted in the development of new methods capable of generating correct 3D geometry of moving objects. Limited literature is available showing development of very few methods capable of catering to the problem of object motion during scanning. All the existing methods utilize their own models or sensors. Any studies on error modelling or analysis of any of the motion correction methods are found to be lacking in literature. In this paper, we develop the error budget and present the analysis of one such `motion correction' method. This method assumes availability of position and orientation information of the moving object which in general can be obtained by installing a POS system on board or by use of some tracking devices. It then uses this information along with laser scanner data to apply correction to laser data, thus resulting in correct geometry despite the object being mobile during scanning. The major application of this method lie in the shipping industry to scan ships either moving or parked in the sea and to scan other objects like hot air balloons or aerostats. It is to be noted that the other methods of "motion correction" explained in literature can not be applied to scan the objects mentioned here making the chosen method quite unique. This paper presents some interesting insights in to the functioning of "motion correction" method as well as a detailed account of the behavior and variation of the error due to different sensor components alone and in combination with each other. The analysis can be used to obtain insights in to optimal utilization of available components for achieving the best results.

Report on the Second ARM Mobile Facility (AMF2) Roll, Pitch, and Heave (RPH) Stabilization Platform: Design and Evaluation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Coulter, Richard L.; Martin, Timothy J.

One of the primary objectives of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility’s second Mobile Facility (AMF2) is to obtain reliable measurements of solar, surface, and atmospheric radiation, as well as cloud and atmospheric properties, from ocean-going vessels. To ensure that these climatic measurements are representative and accurate, many AMF2 instrument systems are designed to collect data in a zenith orientation. A pillar of the AMF2 strategy in this effort is the use of a stable platform. The purpose of the platform is to 1) mitigate vessel motion for instruments that require a truly verticalmore » orientation and keep them pointed in the zenith direction, and 2) allow for accurate positioning for viewing or shading of the sensors from direct sunlight. Numerous ARM instruments fall into these categories, but perhaps the most important are the vertically pointing cloud radars, for which vertical motions are a critical parameter. During the design and construction phase of AMF2, an inexpensive stable platform was purchased to perform the stabilization tasks for some of these instruments. The first table compensated for roll, pitch, and yaw (RPY) and was reported upon in a previous technical report (Kafle and Coulter, 2012). Subsequently, a second table was purchased specifically for operation with the Marine W-band cloud radar (MWACR). Computer programs originally developed for RPY were modified to communicate with the new platform controller and with an inertial measurements platform that measures true ship motion components (roll, pitch, yaw, surge, sway, and heave). This platform could not be tested dynamically for RPY because of time constraints requiring its deployment aboard the container ship Horizon Spirit in September 2013. Hence the initial motion tests were conducted on the initial cruise. Subsequent cruises provided additional test results. The platform, as tested, meets all the design and performance criteria established for its use. This is a report of the results of those efforts and the critical points in moving forward« less

X-15 ship #3 on lakebed

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1962-01-01

The X-15 ship #3 (56-6672) is seen here on the lakebed at the Edwards Air Force Base, Edwards, California. Ship #3 made 65 flights during the program, attaining a top speed of Mach 5.65 and a maximum altitude of 354,200 feet. Only 10 of the 12 X-15 pilots flew Ship #3, and only eight of them earned their astronaut wings during the program. Robert White, Joseph Walker, Robert Rushworth, John 'Jack' McKay, Joseph Engle, William 'Pete' Knight, William Dana, and Michael Adams all earned their astronaut wings in Ship #3. Neil Armstrong and Milton Thompson also flew Ship #3. In fact, Armstrong piloted Ship #3 on its first flight, on 20 December 1961. On 15 November 1967, Ship #3 was launched over Delamar Lake, Nevada with Maj. Michael J. Adams at the controls. The vehicle soon reached a speed of Mach 5.2, and a peak altitude of 266,000 feet. During the climb, an electrical disturbance degraded the aircraft's controllability. Ship #3 began a slow drift in heading, which soon became a spin. Adams radioed that the X-15 'seems squirrelly,' and then said 'I'm in a spin.' Through some combination of pilot technique and basic aerodynamic stability, Adams recovered from the spin, and entered an inverted Mach 4.7 dive. As the X-15 plummeted into the increasingly thicker atmosphere, the Honeywell adaptive flight control system caused the vehicle to begin oscillating. As the pitching motion increased, aerodynamic forces finally broke the aircraft into several major pieces. Adams was killed when the forward fuselage impacted the desert. This was the only fatal accident during the entire X-15 program. The X-15 was a rocket powered aircraft 50 ft long with a wingspan of 22 ft. It was a missile-shaped vehicle with an unusual wedge-shaped vertical tail, thin stubby wings, and unique side fairings that extended along the side of the fuselage. The X-15 weighed about 14,000 lb empty and approximately 34,000 lb at launch. The XLR-99 rocket engine, manufactured by Thiokol Chemical Corp., was pilot controlled and was capable of developing 57,000 lb of thrust. North American Aviation built three X-15 aircraft for the program. The X-15 research aircraft was developed to provide in-flight information and data on aerodynamics, structures, flight controls, and the physiological aspects of high-speed, high-altitude flight. A follow-on program used the aircraft as a testbed to carry various scientific experiments beyond the Earth's atmosphere on a repeated basis. For flight in the dense air of the usable atmosphere, the X-15 used conventional aerodynamic controls such as rudder surfaces on the vertical stabilizers to control yaw and movable horizontal stabilizers to control pitch when moving in synchronization or roll when moved differentially. For flight in the thin air outside of the appreciable Earth's atmosphere, the X-15 used a reaction control system. Hydrogen peroxide thrust rockets located on the nose of the aircraft provided pitch and yaw control. Those on the wings provided roll control. Because of the large fuel consumption, the X-15 was air launched from a B-52 aircraft at 45,000 ft and a speed of about 500 mph. Depending on the mission, the rocket engine provided thrust for the first 80 to 120 sec of flight. The remainder of the normal 10 to 11 min. flight was powerless and ended with a 200-mph glide landing. Generally, one of two types of X-15 flight profiles was used; a high-altitude flight plan that called for the pilot to maintain a steep rate of climb, or a speed profile that called for the pilot to push over and maintain a level altitude. The X-15 was flown over a period of nearly 10 years -- June 1959 to Oct. 1968 -- and set the world's unofficial speed and altitude records of 4,520 mph or Mach 6.7 (set by Ship #2) and 354,200 ft (set by Ship #3) in a program to investigate all aspects of manned hypersonic flight. Information gained from the highly successful X-15 program contributed to the development of the Mercury, Gemini,and Apollo manned spaceflight programs, and also the Space Shuttle program. The X-15s made a total of 199 flights, and were manufactured by North American Aviation. X-15-1, serial number 56-6670, is now located at the National Air and Space Museum, Washington DC. North American X-15A-2, serial number 56-6671, is at the United States Air Force Museum, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio. Parts of the crashed X-15-3, serial number 56-6672, recovered in 1992 by Peter Merlin and Tony Moore (The X-Hunters) are on display at the Air Force Flight Test Center Museum at Edwards. The canopy from Ship #3, recovered during the original search in 1967, is displayed at the San Diego Aerospace Museum, San Diego, California.

Pollution control: utility ships adapt for spill cleanups

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1986-02-01

A practical and cost effective approach to oil spill cleanup is being undertaken by Dutch companies. The approach involves constructing and equipping multi-use ships for pollution control. Usually, these ships are maintained in another type of service and come into use for spill cleanup only when needed. The use of these ships in pollution control is discussed.

Ince-Strutt stability charts for ship parametric roll resonance in irregular waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xiao; Yang, He-zhen; Xiao, Fei; Xu, Pei-ji

2017-08-01

Ince-Strutt stability chart of ship parametric roll resonance in irregular waves is conducted and utilized for the exploration of the parametric roll resonance in irregular waves. Ship parametric roll resonance will lead to large amplitude roll motion and even wreck. Firstly, the equation describing the parametric roll resonance in irregular waves is derived according to Grim's effective theory and the corresponding Ince-Strutt stability charts are obtained. Secondly, the differences of stability charts for the parametric roll resonance in irregular and regular waves are compared. Thirdly, wave phases and peak periods are taken into consideration to obtain a more realistic sea condition. The influence of random wave phases should be taken into consideration when the analyzed points are located near the instability boundary. Stability charts for different wave peak periods are various. Stability charts are helpful for the parameter determination in design stage to better adapt to sailing condition. Last, ship variables are analyzed according to stability charts by a statistical approach. The increase of the metacentric height will help improve ship stability.

Robust real-time horizon detection in full-motion video

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Young, Grace B.; Bagnall, Bryan; Lane, Corey; Parameswaran, Shibin

2014-06-01

The ability to detect the horizon on a real-time basis in full-motion video is an important capability to aid and facilitate real-time processing of full-motion videos for the purposes such as object detection, recognition and other video/image segmentation applications. In this paper, we propose a method for real-time horizon detection that is designed to be used as a front-end processing unit for a real-time marine object detection system that carries out object detection and tracking on full-motion videos captured by ship/harbor-mounted cameras, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or any other method of surveillance for Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA). Unlike existing horizon detection work, we cannot assume a priori the angle or nature (for e.g. straight line) of the horizon, due to the nature of the application domain and the data. Therefore, the proposed real-time algorithm is designed to identify the horizon at any angle and irrespective of objects appearing close to and/or occluding the horizon line (for e.g. trees, vehicles at a distance) by accounting for its non-linear nature. We use a simple two-stage hierarchical methodology, leveraging color-based features, to quickly isolate the region of the image containing the horizon and then perform a more ne-grained horizon detection operation. In this paper, we present our real-time horizon detection results using our algorithm on real-world full-motion video data from a variety of surveillance sensors like UAVs and ship mounted cameras con rming the real-time applicability of this method and its ability to detect horizon with no a priori assumptions.

Cost-effectiveness of reducing sulfur emissions from ships.

PubMed

Wang, Chengfeng; Corbett, James J; Winebrake, James J

2007-12-15

We model cost-effectiveness of control strategies for reducing SO2 emissions from U.S. foreign commerce ships traveling in existing European or hypothetical U.S. West Coast SO(x) Emission Control Areas (SECAs) under international maritime regulations. Variation among marginal costs of control for individual ships choosing between fuel-switching and aftertreatment reveals cost-saving potential of economic incentive instruments. Compared to regulations prescribing low sulfur fuels, a performance-based policy can save up to $260 million for these ships with 80% more emission reductions than required because least-cost options on some individual ships outperform standards. Optimal simulation of a market-based SO2 control policy for approximately 4,700 U.S. foreign commerce ships traveling in the SECAs in 2002 shows that SECA emissions control targets can be achieved by scrubbing exhaust gas of one out of ten ships with annual savings up to $480 million over performance-based policy. A market-based policy could save the fleet approximately $63 million annually under our best-estimate scenario. Spatial evaluation of ship emissions reductions shows that market-based instruments can reduce more SO2 closer to land while being more cost-effective for the fleet. Results suggest that combining performance requirements with market-based instruments can most effectively control SO2 emissions from ships.

Measurements of IR and visual propagation in the marine boundary layer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heen, Lars T.; Madsen, Eirik B.; Selnes, Oddvar

2004-11-01

Two field trials have been performed on the west coast of Norway to study propagation effects (in particular refraction and turbulence effects) close to the sea surface. A complete meteorological station and a temperature profile buoy were used to characterize the propagation environment, while sensor height was logged continuously. Land and ship mounted sources were studied using infrared (midwave IR and longwave IR FPAs) and visual cameras at about 4 m above mean sea level (MSL). The land-based sources were mounted about 2-13 m above MSL, while the ship mounted sources were 10 m above sea level. Both sub- and superrefractive conditions were studied during the trials. The sensors were mounted on a programmable motion controller, which allowed extraction of absolute apparent pitch angles of the imaged sources. Apparent horizon distances have been determined for the ship sources, while mirror plane positions and apparent elevation (pitch) angles have been determined for the land sources. In addition, normalized variance of intensity (scintillation index) has been calculated for a number of cases. The scintillation index can easily be converted to refractive index structure parameters (Cn2), one of the key parameters characterizing optical turbulence. Measurement results are compared to results from the IR Boundary Layer Effects Model (IRBLEM *). *) IRBLEM is proprietory to the Department for National Defence of Canada as represented by DRDC-Valcartier

Preliminary investigation of motion requirements for the simulation of helicopter hover tasks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parrish, R. V.

1980-01-01

Data from a preliminary experiment are presented which attempted to define a helicopter hover task that would allow the detection of objectively-measured differences in fixed base/moving base simulator performance. The addition of heave, pitch, and roll movement of a ship at sea to the hover task, by means of an adaption of a simulator g-seat, potentially fulfills the desired definition. The feasibility of g-seat substitution for platform motion can be investigated utilizing this task.

Moving base simulation evaluation of translational rate command systems for STOVL aircraft in hover

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Franklin, James A.; Stortz, Michael W.

1996-01-01

Using a generalized simulation model, a moving-base simulation of a lift-fan short takeoff/vertical landing fighter aircraft has been conducted on the Vertical Motion Simulator at Ames Research Center. Objectives of the experiment were to determine the influence of system bandwidth and phase delay on flying qualities for translational rate command and vertical velocity command systems. Assessments were made for precision hover control and for landings aboard an LPH type amphibious assault ship in the presence of winds and rough seas. Results obtained define the boundaries between satisfactory and adequate flying qualities for these design features for longitudinal and lateral translational rate command and for vertical velocity command.

Adaptive Robust Output Feedback Control for a Marine Dynamic Positioning System Based on a High-Gain Observer.

PubMed

Du, Jialu; Hu, Xin; Liu, Hongbo; Chen, C L Philip

2015-11-01

This paper develops an adaptive robust output feedback control scheme for dynamically positioned ships with unavailable velocities and unknown dynamic parameters in an unknown time-variant disturbance environment. The controller is designed by incorporating the high-gain observer and radial basis function (RBF) neural networks in vectorial backstepping method. The high-gain observer provides the estimations of the ship position and heading as well as velocities. The RBF neural networks are employed to compensate for the uncertainties of ship dynamics. The adaptive laws incorporating a leakage term are designed to estimate the weights of RBF neural networks and the bounds of unknown time-variant environmental disturbances. In contrast to the existing results of dynamic positioning (DP) controllers, the proposed control scheme relies only on the ship position and heading measurements and does not require a priori knowledge of the ship dynamics and external disturbances. By means of Lyapunov functions, it is theoretically proved that our output feedback controller can control a ship's position and heading to the arbitrarily small neighborhood of the desired target values while guaranteeing that all signals in the closed-loop DP control system are uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, simulations involving two ships are carried out, and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

Software design and implementation of ship heave motion monitoring system based on MBD method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Yan; Li, Yuhan; Zhang, Chunwei; Kang, Won-Hee; Ou, Jinping

2015-03-01

Marine transportation plays a significant role in the modern transport sector due to its advantage of low cost, large capacity. It is being attached enormous importance to all over the world. Nowadays the related areas of product development have become an existing hot spot. DSP signal processors feature micro volume, low cost, high precision, fast processing speed, which has been widely used in all kinds of monitoring systems. But traditional DSP code development process is time-consuming, inefficiency, costly and difficult. MathWorks company proposed Model-based Design (MBD) to overcome these defects. By calling the target board modules in simulink library to compile and generate the corresponding code for the target processor. And then automatically call DSP integrated development environment CCS for algorithm validation on the target processor. This paper uses the MDB to design the algorithm for the ship heave motion monitoring system. It proves the effectiveness of the MBD run successfully on the processor.

X-15 #3 in flight (USAF Photo)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1960-01-01

This U.S. Air Force photo shows the X-15 ship #3 (56-6672) in flight over the desert in the 1960s. Ship #3 made 65 flights during the program, attaining a top speed of Mach 5.65 and a maximum altitude of 354,200 feet. Only 10 of the 12 X-15 pilots flew Ship #3, and only eight of them earned their astronaut wings during the program. Robert White, Joseph Walker, Robert Rushworth, John 'Jack' McKay, Joseph Engle, William 'Pete' Knight, William Dana, and Michael Adams all earned their astronaut wings in Ship #3. Neil Armstrong and Milton Thompson also flew Ship #3. In fact, Armstrong piloted Ship #3 on its first flight, on 20 December 1961. On 15 November 1967, Ship #3 was launched over Delamar Lake, Nevada with Maj. Michael J. Adams at the controls. The vehicle soon reached a speed of Mach 5.2, and a peak altitude of 266,000 feet. During the climb, an electrical disturbance degraded the aircraft's controllability. Ship #3 began a slow drift in heading, which soon became a spin. Adams radioed that the X-15 'seems squirrelly' and then said 'I'm in a spin.' Through some combination of pilot technique and basic aerodynamic stability, Adams recovered from the spin and entered an inverted Mach 4.7 dive. As the X-15 plummeted into the increasingly thicker atmosphere, the Honeywell adaptive flight control system caused the vehicle to begin oscillating. As the pitching motion increased, aerodynamic forces finally broke the aircraft into several major pieces. Adams was killed when the forward fuselage impacted the desert. This was the only fatal accident during the entire X-15 program. The X-15 was a rocket-powered aircraft 50 ft long with a wingspan of 22 ft. It was a missile-shaped vehicle with an unusual wedge-shaped vertical tail, thin stubby wings, and unique side fairings that extended along the side of the fuselage. The X-15 weighed about 14,000 lb empty and approximately 34,000 lb at launch. The XLR-99 rocket engine, manufactured by Thiokol Chemical Corp., was pilot controlled and was capable of developing 57,000 lb of thrust. North American Aviation built three X-15 aircraft for the program. The X-15 research aircraft was developed to provide in-flight information and data on aerodynamics, structures, flight controls, and the physiological aspects of high-speed, high-altitude flight. A follow-on program used the aircraft as a testbed to carry various scientific experiments beyond the Earth's atmosphere on a repeated basis. For flight in the dense air of the usable atmosphere, the X-15 used conventional aerodynamic controls such as rudder surfaces on the vertical stabilizers to control yaw and movable horizontal stabilizers to control pitch when moving in synchronization or roll when moved differentially. For flight in the thin air outside of the appreciable Earth's atmosphere, the X-15 used a reaction control system. Hydrogen peroxide thrust rockets located on the nose of the aircraft provided pitch and yaw control. Those on the wings provided roll control. Because of the large fuel consumption, the X-15 was air launched from a B-52 aircraft at 45,000 ft and a speed of about 500 mph. Depending on the mission, the rocket engine provided thrust for the first 80 to 120 sec of flight. The remainder of the normal 10 to 11 min. flight was powerless and ended with a 200-mph glide landing. Generally, one of two types of X-15 flight profiles was used; a high-altitude flight plan that called for the pilot to maintain a steep rate of climb, or a speed profile that called for the pilot to push over and maintain a level altitude. The X-15 was flown over a period of nearly 10 years -- June 1959 to Oct. 1968 -- and set the world's unofficial speed and altitude records of 4,520 mph or Mach 6.7 (set by Ship #2) and 354,200 ft (set by Ship #3) in a program to investigate all aspects of manned hypersonic flight. Information gained from the highly successful X-15 program contributed to the development of the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo manned spaceflight programs, and also the Space Shuttle program. The X-15s made a total of 199 flights, and were manufactured by North American Aviation. X-15-1, serial number 56-6670, is now located at the National Air and Space museum, Washington DC. North American X-15A-2, serial number 56-6671, is at the United States Air Force Museum, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio. Parts of the crashed X-15-3, serial number 56-6672, recovered in 1992 by Peter Merlin and Tony Moore (The X-Hunters) are on display at the Air Force Flight Test Center Museum at Edwards. The canopy from Ship #3, recovered during the original search in 1967, is displayed at the San Diego Aerospace Museum, San Diego, California.

Simulation and evaluation of the Sh-2F helicopter in a shipboard environment using the interchangeable cab system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Paulk, C. H., Jr.; Astill, D. L.; Donley, S. T.

1983-01-01

The operation of the SH-2F helicopter from the decks of small ships in adverse weather was simulated using a large amplitude vertical motion simulator, a wide angle computer generated imagery visual system, and an interchangeable cab (ICAB). The simulation facility, the mathematical programs, and the validation method used to ensure simulation fidelity are described. The results show the simulator to be a useful tool in simulating the ship-landing problem. Characteristics of the ICAB system and ways in which the simulation can be improved are presented.

46 CFR 555.7 - Notification to Secretary of State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Shipping FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS AND ACTIONS TO ADDRESS RESTRICTIVE FOREIGN MARITIME PRACTICES ACTIONS TO ADDRESS ADVERSE CONDITIONS AFFECTING U.S.-FLAG CARRIERS THAT DO NOT EXIST FOR FOREIGN... the Federal Register, or on its own motion should it determine to initiate an investigation pursuant...

Avoiding the parametric roll

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Acomi, Nicoleta; Ancuţa, Cristian; Andrei, Cristian; Boştinǎ, Alina; Boştinǎ, Aurel

2016-12-01

Ships are mainly built to sail and transport cargo at sea. Environmental conditions and state of the sea are communicated to vessels through periodic weather forecasts. Despite officers being aware of the sea state, their sea time experience is a decisive factor when the vessel encounters severe environmental conditions. Another important factor is the loading condition of the vessel, which triggers different behaviour in similar marine environmental conditions. This paper aims to analyse the behaviour of a port container vessel in severe environmental conditions and to estimate the potential conditions of parametric roll resonance. Octopus software simulation is employed to simulate vessel motions under certain conditions of the sea, with possibility to analyse the behaviour of ships and the impact of high waves on ships due to specific wave encounter situations. The study should be regarded as a supporting tool during the decision making process.

The Wire Flyer Towed Profiling System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roman, C.; Ullman, D. S.; Hebert, D.

2016-02-01

The Wire Flyer is an autonomous profiling vehicle that slides up and down a standard towed cable in a controlled manner using the lift created by wing foils. The vehicle is able to create high resolution water-column sections within a specified depth band in an automated manner. The Wire Flyer is different than standard undulating tow bodies in that it decouples the vehicle's motion from the tow cable dynamics. Due to this separation the vehicle is able to profile with nearly 1:1 horizontal to vertical motion. A heavy depressor weight is fixed to the end of the cable and the cable shape remains relatively static during operation. The vehicle uses a closed loop wing angle controller to achieve desired vertical velocities between 0 and 2.5 m/s for ship speeds between 1.5 and 2.5 m/s. During typical operations, updated commands and condensed data samples can be sent to and from the vehicle via an acoustic modem to adjust the profiling pattern to ensure the desired coverage. The current 1000 meter rated vehicle is equipped with a SBE 49 FastCAT CTD, and can carry additional sensors for oxygen, Chlorophyll fluorescence and acoustic echosounding. Results showing the vehicle performance as well as the quality of the processed CTD data will be presented from three test cruises to the New England Shelf Break Front. Many shallow and deep sections were obtained with horizontal resolution that is not otherwise achievable with undulating tow bodies, underway CTDs, standard CTD tow-yos, gliders or free swimming AUVs. A typical survey at ship speeds of 3-4 knots can profile over a depth band between 200 and 600 meters depth with a repeat cycle length of less than 1 km. The vehicle concept is depth independent and could work with a full ocean depth design. Application areas for the system include sub-meso scale observations of fronts, vent and seep plumes, oxygen minimum layers, mixing and mid-water bioacoustics.

An Assessment of Vulnerabilities for Ship-based Control Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-09-01

VULNERABILITIES FOR SHIP- BASED CONTROL SYSTEMS by Richard Bensing September 2009 Thesis Advisor: Karen Burke Co-Advisor: George Dinolt...COVERED Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE: An Assessment of Vulnerabilities for Ship- based Control Systems 6. AUTHOR(S) Richard Bensing 5...soft underbelly. Computer- based control systems form the heart of the critical infrastructure, and these control systems are riddled with rampant

Impact of future Arctic shipping on high-latitude black carbon deposition (Invited)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Corbett, J. J.; Browse, J.; Carslaw, K. S.; Schmidt, A.

2013-12-01

The retreat of Arctic sea-ice has led to renewed calls to exploit Arctic shipping routes. The diversion of ship traffic through the Arctic will shorten shipping routes and possibly reduce global shipping emissions. However, deposition of black carbon (BC) aerosol emitted by additional Arctic ships could cause a reduction in the albedo of snow and ice, accelerating snow-melt and sea-ice loss. We use recently compiled Arctic shipping emission inventories for 2004 and 2050 together with a global aerosol microphysics model GLOMAP coupled to the chemical transport model TOMCAT to quantify the contribution of future Arctic shipping to high-latitude BC deposition. Emission rates of SOx (SO2 and SO4) and particulate matter (PM) were estimated for 2050 under both business-as-usual and high-growth scenarios. BC particles are assumed to be water-insoluble at emission but can become active in cloud drop formation through soluble material accumulation. After BC particles become cloud-active they are more efficiently wet scavenged, which accounts for 80% of modeled BC deposition. Current-day Arctic shipping contributes 0.3% to the BC mass deposited north of 60N (250 Gg). About 50% of modelled BC deposition is on open ocean, suggesting that current Arctic ship traffic may not significantly contribute to BC deposition on central Arctic sea ice. However, 6 - 8% of deposited BC on the west coast of Greenland originates from local ship traffic. Moreover, in-Arctic shipping contributes some 32% to high-latitude ship-sourced deposition despite accounting for less than 1.0% of global shipping emissions. This suggests that control of in-Arctic shipping BC emissions could yield greater decrease in high-latitude BC deposition than a similar control strategy applied only to the extra-Arctic shipping industry. Arctic shipping in 2050 will contribute less than 1% to the total BC deposition north of 60N due to the much greater relative contribution of BC transported from non-shipping sources at lower-latitudes (with a maximum of about 5%, considering upper bound estimates for transport). In the BAU and HiG scenarios, the total BC deposition averaged north of 60N from Arctic shipping remains small, increasing to only 0.4% and 0.7%, respectively. Several mitigation strategies confirmed that extra-Arctic sources other than shipping contribute significantly more to BC deposition than Arctic shipping, and that regulation solely aimed at the Arctic shipping industry is an insufficient control on high-latitude BC deposition. An exception is the impact of local shipping near the vulnerable Greenland ice-sheet. Over Greenland the deposited BC mass attributable to high-growth shipping emissions in 2050 is significantly higher (10-15%) than over Arctic sea-ice. The increase in local BC deposition over Greenland can be mitigated by a 10% decrease in North American BC emissions, but additional controls over distant stationary sources should be considered alongside international agreements controlling shipping emissions to achieve desired Arctic BC deposition reductions.

Characterization of the Boundary Layer Wind and Turbulence in the Gulf of Mexico

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pichugina, Y. L.; Banta, R. M.; Choukulkar, A.; Brewer, A.; Hardesty, R. M.; McCarty, B.; Marchbanks, R.

2014-12-01

A dataset of ship-borne Doppler lidar measurements taken in the Gulf of Mexico was analyzed to provide insight into marine boundary-layer (BL) features and wind-flow characteristics, as needed for offshore wind energy development. This dataset was obtained as part of the intensive Texas Air Quality Study in summer of 2006 (TexAQS06). During the project, the ship, the R/V Ronald H. Brown, cruised in tracks in the Gulf of Mexico along the Texas coast, in Galveston Bay, and in the Houston Ship Channel obtaining air chemistry and meteorological data, including vertical profile measurements of wind and temperature. The primary observing system used in this paper is NOAA/ESRL's High Resolution Doppler Lidar (HRDL), which features high-precision and high-resolution wind measurements and a motion compensation system to provide accurate wind data despite ship and wave motions. The boundary layer in this warm-water region was found to be weakly unstable typically to a depth of 300 m above the sea surface. HRDL data were analyzed to provide 15-min averaged profiles of wind flow properties (wind speed, direction, and turbulence) from the water surface up to 2.5 km at a vertical resolution of 15 m. The paper will present statistics and distributions of these parameters over a wide range of heights and under various atmospheric conditions. Detailed analysis of the BL features including LLJs, wind and directional ramps, and wind shear through the rotor level heights, along with examples of hub-height and equivalent wind will be presented. The paper will discuss the diurnal fluctuations of all quantities critical to wind energy and their variability along the Texas coast.

Earthquake recordings from the 2002 Seattle Seismic Hazard Investigation of Puget Sound (SHIPS), Washington State

USGS Publications Warehouse

Pratt, Thomas L.; Meagher, Karen L.; Brocher, Thomas M.; Yelin, Thomas; Norris, Robert; Hultgrien, Lynn; Barnett, Elizabeth; Weaver, Craig S.

2003-01-01

This report describes seismic data obtained during the fourth Seismic Hazard Investigation of Puget Sound (SHIPS) experiment, termed Seattle SHIPS . The experiment was designed to study the influence of the Seattle sedimentary basin on ground shaking during earthquakes. To accomplish this, we deployed seismometers over the basin to record local earthquakes, quarry blasts, and teleseisms during the period of January 26 to May 27, 2002. We plan to analyze the recordings to compute spectral amplitudes at each site, to determine the variability of ground motions over the basin. During the Seattle SHIPS experiment, seismometers were deployed at 87 sites in a 110-km-long east-west line, three north-south lines, and a grid throughout the Seattle urban area (Figure 1). At each of these sites, an L-22, 2-Hz velocity transducer was installed and connected to a REF TEK Digital Acquisition System (DAS), both provided by the Program for Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere (PASSCAL) of the Incorporated Research Institutes for Seismology (IRIS). The instruments were installed on January 26 and 27, and were retrieved gradually between April 18 and May 27. All instruments continuously sampled all three components of motion (velocity) at a sample rate of 50 samples/sec. To ensure accurate computations of amplitude, we calibrated the geophones in situ to obtain the instrument responses. In this report, we discuss the acquisition of these data, we describe the processing and merging of these data into 1-hour long traces and into windowed events, we discuss the geophone calibration process and its results, and we display some of the earthquake recordings.

26 CFR 521.103 - Scope of the convention.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... CONVENTIONS DENMARK General Income Tax Taxation of Nonresident Aliens Who Are Residents of Denmark and of... alien who is a resident of Denmark, or by a Danish corporation, from the operation of ships or aircraft registered in Denmark (Article V); (3) Interest and royalties (including motion picture film rentals) derived...

26 CFR 521.103 - Scope of the convention.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... CONVENTIONS DENMARK General Income Tax Taxation of Nonresident Aliens Who Are Residents of Denmark and of... alien who is a resident of Denmark, or by a Danish corporation, from the operation of ships or aircraft registered in Denmark (Article V); (3) Interest and royalties (including motion picture film rentals) derived...

26 CFR 521.103 - Scope of the convention.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... CONVENTIONS DENMARK General Income Tax Taxation of Nonresident Aliens Who Are Residents of Denmark and of... alien who is a resident of Denmark, or by a Danish corporation, from the operation of ships or aircraft registered in Denmark (Article V); (3) Interest and royalties (including motion picture film rentals) derived...

26 CFR 521.103 - Scope of the convention.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... CONVENTIONS DENMARK General Income Tax Taxation of Nonresident Aliens Who Are Residents of Denmark and of... alien who is a resident of Denmark, or by a Danish corporation, from the operation of ships or aircraft registered in Denmark (Article V); (3) Interest and royalties (including motion picture film rentals) derived...

46 CFR 565.12 - Stay, postponement, discontinuance or suspension of action.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... suspension of action. The Commission may, on its own motion or upon petition, postpone, discontinue, or suspend any and all actions taken by it under the provisions of this part. The Commission shall... action. 565.12 Section 565.12 Shipping FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS AND ACTIONS TO ADDRESS...

46 CFR 565.12 - Stay, postponement, discontinuance or suspension of action.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... suspension of action. The Commission may, on its own motion or upon petition, postpone, discontinue, or suspend any and all actions taken by it under the provisions of this part. The Commission shall... action. 565.12 Section 565.12 Shipping FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS AND ACTIONS TO ADDRESS...

Lifecycle Readiness and Ship Deployment

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-01

Percent Dizziness 96 18.32% Fatigue 89 17.09% Vertigo 59 11.36% Epigastric discomfort 51 9.74% Nausea 91 17.40% Vomiting 34 6.57% 38 Table 6 breaks...involve dizziness, fatigue, vertigo , epigastric discomfort, nausea, and vomiting. A total of 523 out of 1293 sailors experienced some type of motion

46 CFR 30.10-19a - Control space-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Control space-TB/ALL. 30.10-19a Section 30.10-19a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-19a Control space—TB/ALL. The term control space means an enclosed space in which is located a ship's...

46 CFR 30.10-19a - Control space-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Control space-TB/ALL. 30.10-19a Section 30.10-19a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-19a Control space—TB/ALL. The term control space means an enclosed space in which is located a ship's...

46 CFR 30.10-19a - Control space-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Control space-TB/ALL. 30.10-19a Section 30.10-19a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-19a Control space—TB/ALL. The term control space means an enclosed space in which is located a ship's...

46 CFR 30.10-19a - Control space-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Control space-TB/ALL. 30.10-19a Section 30.10-19a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-19a Control space—TB/ALL. The term control space means an enclosed space in which is located a ship's...

46 CFR 30.10-19a - Control space-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Control space-TB/ALL. 30.10-19a Section 30.10-19a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-19a Control space—TB/ALL. The term control space means an enclosed space in which is located a ship's...

Google Earth Visualizations of the Marine Automatic Identification System (AIS): Monitoring Ship Traffic in National Marine Sanctuaries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schwehr, K.; Hatch, L.; Thompson, M.; Wiley, D.

2007-12-01

The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a new technology that provides ship position reports with location, time, and identity information without human intervention from ships carrying the transponders to any receiver listening to the broadcasts. In collaboration with the USCG's Research and Development Center, NOAA's Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS) has installed 3 AIS receivers around Massachusetts Bay to monitor ship traffic transiting the sanctuary and surrounding waters. The SBNMS and the USCG also worked together propose the shifting the shipping lanes (termed the traffic separation scheme; TSS) that transit the sanctuary slightly to the north to reduce the probability of ship strikes of whales that frequent the sanctuary. Following approval by the United Nation's International Maritime Organization, AIS provided a means for NOAA to assess changes in the distribution of shipping traffic caused by formal change in the TSS effective July 1, 2007. However, there was no easy way to visualize this type of time series data. We have created a software package called noaadata-py to process the AIS ship reports and produce KML files for viewing in Google Earth. Ship tracks can be shown changing over time to allow the viewer to feel the motion of traffic through the sanctuary. The ship tracks can also be gridded to create ship traffic density reports for specified periods of time. The density is displayed as map draped on the sea surface or as vertical histogram columns. Additional visualizations such as bathymetry images, S57 nautical charts, and USCG Marine Information for Safety and Law Enforcement (MISLE) can be combined with the ship traffic visualizations to give a more complete picture of the maritime environment. AIS traffic analyses have the potential to give managers throughout NOAA's National Marine Sanctuaries an improved ability to assess the impacts of ship traffic on the marine resources they seek to protect. Viewing ship traffic data through Google Earth provides ease and efficiency for people not trained in GIS data processing.

Study on the propagation and dissipation of inland ship congestion under different control strategies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Yanyi; Wu, Hongyu; Wen, Zhe

2017-05-01

Inland waterway transportation is an important part of the comprehensive transportation system of sustainable development, and it is also a way of transportation which is restricted by natural conditions greatly. In recent years, the problems of insufficient traffic capacity of The Three Gorges become prominent due to the increasing in the number of ships. And the ship's detention caused by gale, frog, accident and one-way traffic in dry season has occurred, which not only increased the pressure of the navigable waterway but also seriously affected the safety of shipping. Based on the different types of ships, the Arena software was used to simulate the ship traffic flow. The paper analyzed the traffic congestion propagation and dissipation rule of the ship under different navigation control methods, and provided decision reference for the navigation management department to formulate the relevant navigation control strategy.

47 CFR 80.1083 - Ship radio installations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Ship radio installations. 80.1083 Section 80... for Ship Stations § 80.1083 Ship radio installations. (a) Ships must be provided with radio... controls for operating the radio installation; and (5) Be clearly marked with the call sign, the ship...

46 CFR 147.8 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 147.8 Section 147.8 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DANGEROUS CARGOES HAZARDOUS SHIPS' STORES General Provisions § 147.8 OMB control numbers assigned pursuant...

46 CFR 147.8 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 147.8 Section 147.8 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DANGEROUS CARGOES HAZARDOUS SHIPS' STORES General Provisions § 147.8 OMB control numbers assigned pursuant...

46 CFR 147.8 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 147.8 Section 147.8 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DANGEROUS CARGOES HAZARDOUS SHIPS' STORES General Provisions § 147.8 OMB control numbers assigned pursuant...

46 CFR 147.8 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 147.8 Section 147.8 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DANGEROUS CARGOES HAZARDOUS SHIPS' STORES General Provisions § 147.8 OMB control numbers assigned pursuant...

46 CFR 147.8 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 147.8 Section 147.8 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DANGEROUS CARGOES HAZARDOUS SHIPS' STORES General Provisions § 147.8 OMB control numbers assigned pursuant...

Multi-innovation auto-constructed least squares identification for 4 DOF ship manoeuvring modelling with full-scale trial data.

PubMed

Zhang, Guoqing; Zhang, Xianku; Pang, Hongshuai

2015-09-01

This research is concerned with the problem of 4 degrees of freedom (DOF) ship manoeuvring identification modelling with the full-scale trial data. To avoid the multi-innovation matrix inversion in the conventional multi-innovation least squares (MILS) algorithm, a new transformed multi-innovation least squares (TMILS) algorithm is first developed by virtue of the coupling identification concept. And much effort is made to guarantee the uniformly ultimate convergence. Furthermore, the auto-constructed TMILS scheme is derived for the ship manoeuvring motion identification by combination with a statistic index. Comparing with the existing results, the proposed scheme has the significant computational advantage and is able to estimate the model structure. The illustrative examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, especially including the identification application with full-scale trial data. Copyright © 2015 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Outbreak of Legionnaires' disease on a cruise ship: lessons for international surveillance and control.

PubMed

Regan, C M; McCann, B; Syed, Q; Christie, P; Joseph, C; Colligan, J; McGaffin, A

2003-06-01

A sporadic case of Legionnaires' disease was linked to travel on a cruise ship. Investigation identified two further cases of Legionnaires' Disease and one case of non-pneumonic Legionella infection. An Incident Team confirmed the source to be the ship's water system and control measures were instituted that included pasteurisation, super chlorination and chlorine dioxide dosing. The Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre (CDSC), through the European Surveillance Scheme for Travel Associated Legionnaires' Disease, identified three previous cases associated with the same ship's water system including one fatality. Lessons for the international surveillance and control of Legionnaires' disease on cruise ships are discussed.

Proceedings of the Ship Control Systems Symposium (5th), Held at U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland on October 30 - November 3, 1978. Supplement,

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-11-03

A7-A5I 087 PROCEEDINOS OF THE SHIP CONTROL SYSTEIS STIPOSIUMI 4T(H) I/# MELD AT U S NAVAL.. (UI DAVID V 1*1Ol NAVAL SHIP RESEAICH AND DEVELOPIENT...Proceedings. Requests for information regarding the Proceedings, the Symposium, or the sponsor - David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development...Center - should be addressed to the Commander, David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20084 (Attn: Code 273). V

Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-05-30

cargo on board a ship for the purpose of accomplishing en route maintenance and security. supersonic — Of or pertaining to speed ...information systems TAK cargo ship T- AKR fast logistics ship TALCE tanker airlift control element Appendix A As Amended Through 30 May 2008...priorities committee — (*) A committee set up to determine the priorities of passengers and cargo . air raid reporting control ship — (*) A

Time-domain hybrid method for simulating large amplitude motions of ships advancing in waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Shukui; Papanikolaou, Apostolos D.

2011-03-01

Typical results obtained by a newly developed, nonlinear time domain hybrid method for simulating large amplitude motions of ships advancing with constant forward speed in waves are presented. The method is hybrid in the way of combining a time-domain transient Green function method and a Rankine source method. The present approach employs a simple double integration algorithm with respect to time to simulate the free-surface boundary condition. During the simulation, the diffraction and radiation forces are computed by pressure integration over the mean wetted surface, whereas the incident wave and hydrostatic restoring forces/moments are calculated on the instantaneously wetted surface of the hull. Typical numerical results of application of the method to the seakeeping performance of a standard containership, namely the ITTC S175, are herein presented. Comparisons have been made between the results from the present method, the frequency domain 3D panel method (NEWDRIFT) of NTUA-SDL and available experimental data and good agreement has been observed for all studied cases between the results of the present method and comparable other data.

Using Dynamic Interface Modeling and Simulation to Develop a Launch and Recovery Flight Simulation for a UH-60A Blackhawk

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sweeney, Christopher; Bunnell, John; Chung, William; Giovannetti, Dean; Mikula, Julie; Nicholson, Bob; Roscoe, Mike

2001-01-01

Joint Shipboard Helicopter Integration Process (JSHIP) is a Joint Test and Evaluation (JT&E) program sponsored by the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD). Under the JSHDP program is a simulation effort referred to as the Dynamic Interface Modeling and Simulation System (DIMSS). The purpose of DIMSS is to develop and test the processes and mechanisms that facilitate ship-helicopter interface testing via man-in-the-loop ground-based flight simulators. Specifically, the DIMSS charter is to develop an accredited process for using a flight simulator to determine the wind-over-the-deck (WOD) launch and recovery flight envelope for the UH-60A ship/helicopter combination. DIMSS is a collaborative effort between the NASA Ames Research Center and OSD. OSD determines the T&E and warfighter training requirements, provides the programmatics and dynamic interface T&E experience, and conducts ship/aircraft interface tests for validating the simulation. NASA provides the research and development element, simulation facility, and simulation technical experience. This paper will highlight the benefits of the NASA/JSHIP collaboration and detail achievements of the project in terms of modeling and simulation. The Vertical Motion Simulator (VMS) at NASA Ames Research Center offers the capability to simulate a wide range of simulation cueing configurations, which include visual, aural, and body-force cueing devices. The system flexibility enables switching configurations io allow back-to-back evaluation and comparison of different levels of cueing fidelity in determining minimum training requirements. The investigation required development and integration of several major simulation system at the VMS. A new UH-60A BlackHawk interchangeable cab that provides an out-the-window (OTW) field-of-view (FOV) of 220 degrees in azimuth and 70 degrees in elevation was built. Modeling efforts involved integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) generated data of an LHA ship airwake and integrating a real-time ship motion model developed based on a batch model from Naval Surface Warfare Center. Engineering development and integration of a three degrees-of-freedom (DOF) dynamic seat to simulate high frequency rotor-dynamics dependent motion cues for use in conjunction with the large motion system was accomplished. The development of an LHA visual model in several different levels of resolution and an aural cueing system in which three separate fidelity levels could be selected were developed. VMS also integrated a PC-based E&S simFUSION system to investigate cost effective IG alternatives. The DIMSS project consists of three phases that follow an approved Validation, Verification and accreditation (VV&A) process. The first phase will support the accreditation of the individual subsystems and models. The second will follow the verification and validation of the integrated subsystems and models, and will address fidelity requirements of the integrated models and subsystems. The third and final phase will allow the verification and validation of the full system integration. This VV&A process will address the utility of the simulated WOD launch and recovery envelope. Simulations supporting the first two stages have been completed and the data is currently being reviewed and analyzed.

Proceedings of the Ship Control Systems Symposium (9th) Held in Bethesda, Maryland on 10-14 September 1990. Theme: Automation in Surface Ship Control Systems, Today’s Applications and Future Trends. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-09-14

transmission of detected variations through sound lines of communication to centrally located standard Navy computers . These computers would be programmed to...have been programmed in C language. The program runs under the operating system ,OS9 on a VME-bus computer with a 68000 microprocessor. A number of full...present practice of"add-on" supervisory controls during ship design and construction,and "fix-it" R&D programs implemented after the ship isoperational

Infection control measures on ships and in ports during the early stage of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009.

PubMed

Schlaich, Clara; Gau, Bettina; Cohen, Nicole J; Kojima, Kazunobu; Marano, Nina; Menucci, Daniel

2012-01-01

Shipping companies were surveyed to evaluate the effect of public health measures during the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic of 2009 on ship and port operations. Of 31 companies that operated 960 cruise, cargo, and other ships, 32% experienced health-screening measures by port health authorities. Approximately a quarter of ports (26%) performed screening at embarkation and 77% of shipping companies changed procedures during the early stage of the pandemic. Four companies reported outbreaks of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 on ships, which were ultimately stopped through infection control practices. Public health measures did not interfere substantially with port and ship operations with the exception of some port authorities that delayed embarking and disembarking procedures in a few ships. However, in the shipping companies' experience, measures were inconsistent between port health authorities. Access to antiviral drugs and pandemic vaccine was not provided in all ports. Current guidelines on medical care, hygiene, and emergency procedures on ships need to address pandemic influenza preparedness in future revisions.

The computer coordination method and research of inland river traffic based on ship database

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Shanshan; Li, Gen

2018-04-01

A computer coordinated management method for inland river ship traffic is proposed in this paper, Get the inland ship's position, speed and other navigation information by VTS, building ship's statics and dynamic data bases, writing a program of computer coordinated management of inland river traffic by VB software, Automatic simulation and calculation of the meeting states of ships, Providing ship's long-distance collision avoidance information. The long-distance collision avoidance of ships will be realized. The results show that, Ships avoid or reduce meetings, this method can effectively control the macro collision avoidance of ships.

Shipping emissions and their impacts on air quality in China.

PubMed

Zhang, Yan; Yang, Xin; Brown, Richard; Yang, Liping; Morawska, Lidia; Ristovski, Zoran; Fu, Qingyan; Huang, Cheng

2017-03-01

China has >400 ports, is home to 7 of 10 biggest ports in the world and its waterway infrastructure construction has been accelerating over the past years. But the increasing number of ports and ships means increasing emissions, and in turn, increasing impact on local and regional air pollution. This paper presents an overview of the broad field of ship emissions in China and their atmospheric impacts, including topics of ship engine emissions and control, ship emission factors and their measurements, developing of ship emission inventories, shipping and port emissions of the main shipping areas in China, and quantitative contribution of shipping emissions to the local and regional air pollution. There have been an increasing number of studies published on all the above aspects, yet, this review identified some critical research gaps, filling of which is necessary for better control of ship emissions, and for lowering their impacts. In particular, there are very few studies on inland ports and river ships, and there are few national scale ship emission inventories available for China. While advanced method to estimate ship emission based on ship AIS activities makes it now possible to develop high spatial- and temporal-resolution emission inventories, the ship emission factors used in Chinese studies have been based mainly on foreign measurements. Further, the contribution of ship emissions to air pollution in coastal cities, the dispersion of pollution plumes emitted by ships, or the chemical evolution process along the transmission path, have so far not been systematically studied in China. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

76 FR 35919 - Notice of Buy American Waiver Under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-20

... system steam generators include: 1. Maintain 50% relative humidity at the compartment's interior design... provide needed interior humidity for environmental quality and health of personnel in the dry air of the... designed to withstand ship's motions 5. Fit within the required space. Failure to meet any of these...

Three-Stage Decision-Making Model under Restricted Conditions for Emergency Response to Ships Not under Control.

PubMed

Wu, Bing; Yan, Xinping; Wang, Yang; Zhang, Di; Guedes Soares, C

2017-12-01

A ship that is not under control (NUC) is a typical incident that poses serious problems when in confined waters close to shore. The emergency response to NUC ships is to select the best risk control options, which is a challenge in restricted conditions (e.g., time limitation, resource constraint, and information asymmetry), particularly in inland waterway transportation. To enable a quick and effective response, this article develops a three-stage decision-making framework for NUC ship handling. The core of this method is (1) to propose feasible options for each involved entity (e.g., maritime safety administration, NUC ship, and ships passing by) under resource constraint in the first stage, (2) to select the most feasible options by comparing the similarity of the new case and existing cases in the second stage, and (3) to make decisions considering the cooperation between the involved organizations by using a developed Bayesian network in the third stage. Consequently, this work provides a useful tool to achieve well-organized management of NUC ships. © 2017 Society for Risk Analysis.

Soft robotics: a review and progress towards faster and higher torque actuators (presentation video)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shepherd, Robert

2014-03-01

Last year, nearly 160,000 industrial robots were shipped worldwide—into a total market valued at 26 Bn (including hardware, software, and peripherals).[1] Service robots for professional (e.g., defense, medical, agriculture) and personal (e.g., household, handicap assistance, toys, and education) use accounted for 16,000 units, 3.4 Bn and 3,000,000 units, $1.2 Bn respectively.[1] The vast majority of these robotic systems use fully actuated, rigid components that take little advantage of passive dynamics. Soft robotics is a field that is taking advantage of compliant actuators and passive dynamics to achieve several goals: reduced design, manufacturing and control complexity, improved energy efficiency, more sophisticated motions, and safe human-machine interactions to name a few. The potential for societal impact is immense. In some instances, soft actuators have achieved commercial success; however, large scale adoption will require improved methods of controlling non-linear systems, greater reliability in their function, and increased utility from faster and more forceful actuation. In my talk, I will describe efforts from my work in the Whitesides group at Harvard to prove sophisticated motions in these machines using simple controls, as well capabilities unique to soft machines. I will also describe the potential for combinations of different classes of soft actuators (e.g., electrically and pneumatically actuated systems) to improve the utility of soft robots. 1. World Robotics - Industrial Robots 2013, 2013, International Federation of Robotics.

MAX-DOAS observations from ground, ship, and research aircraft: maximizing signal-to-noise to measure 'weak' absorbers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Volkamer, Rainer; Coburn, Sean; Dix, Barbara; Sinreich, Roman

2009-08-01

Multi AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instruments, as solar straylight satellites, require an accurate characterization and elimination of Fraunhofer lines from solar straylight spectra to measure the atmospheric column abundance of reactive gases that destroy toxic and heat trapping ozone and form climate cooling aerosols, like glyoxal (CHOCHO), iodine oxide (IO), or bromine oxide (BrO). The currently achievable noise levels with state-of-the-art DOAS instruments are limited to δ'DL ~ 10-4 (noise equivalent differential optical density, δ') further noise reductions are typically not straightforward, and the reason for this barrier is not well understood. Here we demonstrate that the nonlinearity of state-of-the-art CCD detectors poses a limitation to accurately characterize Fraunhofer lines; the incomplete elimination of Fraunhofer lines is found to cause residual structures of δ' ~ 10-4, and only partially accounted by fitting of an "offset" spectrum. We have developed a novel software tool, the CU Data Acquisition Code that overcomes this barrier by actively controlling the CCD saturation level, and demonstrates that δ'DL on the order of 10-5 are possible without apparent limitations from the presence of Fraunhofer lines. The software also implements active control of the elevation angle (angle with respect to the horizon) by means of a Motion Compensation System for use with mobile MAX-DOAS deployments from ships and aircraft. Finally, a novel approach to convert slant column densities into line-of-sight averaged concentrations is discussed.

46 CFR 130.120 - Propulsion control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Propulsion control. 130.120 Section 130.120 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS VESSEL CONTROL, AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS Vessel Control § 130.120 Propulsion control. (a) Each vessel must have— (1...

46 CFR 130.120 - Propulsion control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Propulsion control. 130.120 Section 130.120 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS VESSEL CONTROL, AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS Vessel Control § 130.120 Propulsion control. (a) Each vessel must have— (1...

46 CFR 130.120 - Propulsion control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Propulsion control. 130.120 Section 130.120 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS VESSEL CONTROL, AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS Vessel Control § 130.120 Propulsion control. (a) Each vessel must have— (1...

46 CFR 130.120 - Propulsion control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Propulsion control. 130.120 Section 130.120 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS VESSEL CONTROL, AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS Vessel Control § 130.120 Propulsion control. (a) Each vessel must have— (1...

46 CFR 130.120 - Propulsion control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Propulsion control. 130.120 Section 130.120 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS VESSEL CONTROL, AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS Vessel Control § 130.120 Propulsion control. (a) Each vessel must have— (1...

46 CFR 114.900 - OMB control numbers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false OMB control numbers. 114.900 Section 114.900 Shipping... control numbers. (a) Purpose. This section lists the control numbers assigned to information collection... current control number assigned by the Director of OMB for each approved agency information collection...

46 CFR 114.900 - OMB control numbers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false OMB control numbers. 114.900 Section 114.900 Shipping... control numbers. (a) Purpose. This section lists the control numbers assigned to information collection... current control number assigned by the Director of OMB for each approved agency information collection...

Preparedness for the prevention and control of influenza outbreaks on passenger ships in the EU: the SHIPSAN TRAINET project communication.

PubMed

Mouchtouri, Va; Black, N; Nichols, G; Paux, T; Riemer, T; Rjabinina, J; Schlaich, C; Menel Lemos, C; Kremastinou, J; Hadjichristodoulou, C

2009-05-28

Passenger ships carry a large number of people in confined spaces. A case of the new influenza A (H1N1) virus aboard a passenger ship is an expected event and would lead to rapid spread of the virus, if preventive measures are not in place. However, many cruise lines have detailed policies and procedures to deal with cases of influenza like illness (ILI). The EU SHIPSAN and SHIPSAN TRAINET projects include in their objectives guidelines for the prevention and control of communicable diseases aboard passenger ships. A literature review showed that from 1997 to 2005, nine confirmed outbreaks of influenza were linked to passenger ships, with attack rates up to 37%. It is important to establish and maintain a surveillance system for ILI aboard passenger ships, in order to systematically collect data that can help to determine the baseline illness levels. Monitoring these will enable early identification of outbreaks and allow timely implementation of control measures.

46 CFR 175.900 - OMB control numbers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false OMB control numbers. 175.900 Section 175.900 Shipping...) GENERAL PROVISIONS § 175.900 OMB control numbers. (a) Purpose. This section lists the control numbers... that agencies display a current control number assigned by the Director of OMB for each approved agency...

46 CFR 175.900 - OMB control numbers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false OMB control numbers. 175.900 Section 175.900 Shipping...) GENERAL PROVISIONS § 175.900 OMB control numbers. (a) Purpose. This section lists the control numbers... that agencies display a current control number assigned by the Director of OMB for each approved agency...

First experiment on liquid hydrogen transportation by ship inside Osaka bay

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maekawa, K.; Takeda, M.; Hamaura, T.; Suzuki, K.; Miyake, Y.; Matsuno, Y.; Fujikawa, S.; Kumakura, H.

2017-12-01

A project to import a large amount of liquid hydrogen (LH2) from Australia by a cargo carrier, which is equipped with two 1250 m3 tanks, is underway in Japan. It is important to understand sloshing and boil-off characteristics inside the LH2 tank during marine transportation. However, the LH2 sloshing and boil-off characteristics on the sea have not yet been clarified. First experiment on the LH2 transportation of 20 liter with magnesium diboride (MgB2) level sensors by the training ship “Fukae-maru”, which has 50 m long and 449 ton gross weight, was carried out successfully inside Osaka bay on February 2, 2017. In the experiment, synchronous measurements of liquid level, temperature, pressure, ship motions, and accelerations as well as the rapid depressurization test were done. The increase rate of the temperature and the pressure inside the LH2 tank were discussed under the rolling and the pitching conditions.

Activity of SHIP, Which Prevents Expression of Interleukin 1β, Is Reduced in Patients With Crohn's Disease.

PubMed

Ngoh, Eyler N; Weisser, Shelley B; Lo, Young; Kozicky, Lisa K; Jen, Roger; Brugger, Hayley K; Menzies, Susan C; McLarren, Keith W; Nackiewicz, Dominika; van Rooijen, Nico; Jacobson, Kevan; Ehses, Jan A; Turvey, Stuart E; Sly, Laura M

2016-02-01

Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with a dysregulated immune response to commensal micro-organisms in the intestine. Mice deficient in inositol polyphosphate 5'-phosphatase D (INPP5D, also known as SHIP) develop intestinal inflammation resembling that of patients with CD. SHIP is a negative regulator of PI3Kp110α activity. We investigated mechanisms of intestinal inflammation in Inpp5d(-/-) mice (SHIP-null mice), and SHIP levels and activity in intestinal tissues of subjects with CD. We collected intestines from SHIP-null mice, as well as Inpp5d(+/+) mice (controls), and measured levels of cytokines of the interleukin 1 (IL1) family (IL1α, IL1β, IL1ra, and IL6) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Macrophages were isolated from lamina propria cells of mice, IL1β production was measured, and mechanisms of increased IL1β production were investigated. Macrophages were incubated with pan-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors or PI3Kp110α-specific inhibitors. Some mice were given an antagonist of the IL1 receptor; macrophages were depleted from ilea of mice using clodronate-containing liposomes. We obtained ileal biopsies from sites of inflammation and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from treatment-naïve subjects with CD or without CD (controls), and measured SHIP levels and activity. PBMCs were incubated with lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate, and levels of IL1β production were measured. Inflamed intestinal tissues and intestinal macrophages from SHIP-null mice produced higher levels of IL1B and IL18 than intestinal tissues from control mice. We found PI3Kp110α to be required for macrophage transcription of Il1b. Macrophage depletion or injection of an IL1 receptor antagonist reduced ileal inflammation in SHIP-null mice. Inflamed ileal tissues and PBMCs from patients with CD had lower levels of SHIP protein than controls (P < .0001 and P < .0002, respectively). There was an inverse correlation between levels of SHIP activity in PBMCs and induction of IL1β production by lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate (R(2) = .88). Macrophages from SHIP-deficient mice have increased PI3Kp110α-mediated transcription of Il1b, which contributes to spontaneous ileal inflammation. SHIP levels and activity are lower in intestinal tissues and peripheral blood samples from patients with CD than controls. There is an inverse correlation between SHIP activity and induction of IL1β production by lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate in PBMCs. Strategies to reduce IL1B might be developed to treat patients with CD found to have low SHIP activity. Copyright © 2016 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

46 CFR 130.430 - Pilothouse control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Pilothouse control. 130.430 Section 130.430 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS VESSEL CONTROL, AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS Automation of Unattended Machinery Spaces § 130.430 Pilothouse control. Each...

46 CFR 130.430 - Pilothouse control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Pilothouse control. 130.430 Section 130.430 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS VESSEL CONTROL, AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS Automation of Unattended Machinery Spaces § 130.430 Pilothouse control. Each...

46 CFR 130.420 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Controls. 130.420 Section 130.420 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS VESSEL CONTROL, AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS Automation of Unattended Machinery Spaces § 130.420 Controls. Each piece of machinery...

46 CFR 130.430 - Pilothouse control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Pilothouse control. 130.430 Section 130.430 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS VESSEL CONTROL, AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS Automation of Unattended Machinery Spaces § 130.430 Pilothouse control. Each...

46 CFR 130.420 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Controls. 130.420 Section 130.420 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS VESSEL CONTROL, AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS Automation of Unattended Machinery Spaces § 130.420 Controls. Each piece of machinery...

46 CFR 130.420 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Controls. 130.420 Section 130.420 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS VESSEL CONTROL, AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS Automation of Unattended Machinery Spaces § 130.420 Controls. Each piece of machinery...

46 CFR 130.420 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Controls. 130.420 Section 130.420 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS VESSEL CONTROL, AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS Automation of Unattended Machinery Spaces § 130.420 Controls. Each piece of machinery...

46 CFR 130.430 - Pilothouse control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Pilothouse control. 130.430 Section 130.430 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS VESSEL CONTROL, AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS Automation of Unattended Machinery Spaces § 130.430 Pilothouse control. Each...

46 CFR 130.420 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Controls. 130.420 Section 130.420 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS VESSEL CONTROL, AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS Automation of Unattended Machinery Spaces § 130.420 Controls. Each piece of machinery...

46 CFR 130.430 - Pilothouse control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Pilothouse control. 130.430 Section 130.430 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS VESSEL CONTROL, AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS Automation of Unattended Machinery Spaces § 130.430 Pilothouse control. Each...

Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-08-31

A committee set up to determine the priorities of passengers and cargo . air raid reporting control ship — (*) A ship ...also damage estimation. attack cargo ship — A naval ship designed or converted to transport combat-loaded cargo in an assault landing. Capabilities as...of comparable cargo ship types. Designated as LKA. attack group — (*) A subordinate task organization of the navy forces of an amphibious

Histamine-releasing factor/translationally controlled tumor protein (HRF/TCTP)-induced histamine release is enhanced with SHIP-1 knockdown in cultured human mast cell and basophil models

PubMed Central

Langdon, Jacqueline M.; Schroeder, John T.; Vonakis, Becky M.; Bieneman, Anja P.; Chichester, Kristin; MacDonald, Susan M.

2008-01-01

Previously, we demonstrated a negative correlation between histamine release to histamine-releasing factor/translationally controlled tumor protein (HRF/TCTP) and protein levels of SHIP-1 in human basophils. The present study was conducted to investigate whether suppressing SHIP-1 using small interfering (si)RNA technology would alter the releasability of culture-derived mast cells and basophils, as determined by HRF/TCTP histamine release. Frozen CD34+ cells were obtained from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (Seattle, WA, USA). Cells were grown in StemPro-34 medium containing cytokines: mast cells with IL-6 and stem cell factor (100 ng/ml each) for 6–8 weeks and basophils with IL-3 (6.7 ng/ml) for 2–3 weeks. siRNA transfections were performed during Week 6 for mast cells and Week 2 for basophils with siRNA for SHIP-1 or a negative control siRNA. Changes in SHIP-1 expression were determined by Western blot. The functional knockdown was measured by HRF/TCTP-induced histamine release. siRNA knockdown of SHIP-1 in mast cells ranged from 31% to 82%, mean 65 ± 12%, compared with control (n=4). Histamine release to HRF/TCTP was increased only slightly in two experiments. SHIP-1 knockdown in basophils ranged from 34% to 69%, mean 51.8 ± 7% (n=4). Histamine release to HRF/TCTP in these basophils was dependent on the amount of SHIP knockdown. Mast cells and basophils derived from CD34+ precursor cells represent suitable models for transfection studies. Reducing SHIP-1 protein in cultured mast cells and in cultured basophils increases releasability of the cells. PMID:18625911

Two SHIPs passing in the middle of the immune system.

PubMed

Corey, Seth J; Mehta, Hrishikesh M; Stein, Paul L

2012-07-01

Immunity requires a complex, multiscale system of molecules, cells, and cytokines. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Collazo et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2012. 42: 1785-1796] provide evidence that links the lipid phosphatase SHIP1 with the coordination of interactions between regulatory T (Treg) cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Using conditional knockouts of SHIP1 in either the myeloid or T-cell-lineage of mice, the authors show that the regulated development of Treg cells is controlled directly by cell-intrinsic SHIP1, and indirectly by extrinsic SHIP1 control of an unknown myeloid cell. Regulation of MDSCs is also determined by SHIP1 in an extrinsic manner, again via an as-yet-unknown myeloid cell. Furthermore, this extrinsic control of Treg cells and MDSCs is mediated in part by increased production of G-CSF, a growth factor critical for the production of neutrophils, in SHIP1-deficient mice. Thus, a physiologically important implication of this report is the collaboration between the innate and adaptive immune systems in fine tuning of Treg cells as discussed in this commentary. © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

FEED FORWARD EQUATIONS.

DTIC Science & Technology

and feed forward stabilization) have been implemented. An on-mount gyro system consists of gyroscopes mounted on the radar antenna which sense...antenna motion and send compensating signals back to the antenna servo mechanism. Feed forward stabilization consists of determining antenna angular rates...caused by ships attitude changes, as measured by a stable platform (such as SINS), and feeding compensating signals back to the antenna servo

Alleviation of Thermal Strain in Engineering Space Personnel Aboard CF Ships with the Exotemp Personal Cooling System

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-06-01

and Mr. Robert 0 Limmer , which in the face of severe motion sickness often approached heroic proportions, was very much appreciated. 37 REFERENCES 1...SD, Grayson J, Frim J, Allen CL, and Limmer RE. Effect of cold exposure on various sites of core temperature measurements. J Appl Physiol 54:1025-1031

Ship Motions and Capsizing in Astern Seas

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-12-01

result of these experiments and concurrent analytical work,a great deal has been learned about the mechanism of capsizing. This...computer time. It does not appear economically feasible using present-generation machines to numerically simulate a complete experimental...a Fast Cargo Liner in San Francisco Bay." Dept. of Naval Archi- tecture, University of Calif., Berkeley. January 1972. (Dept. of Transp

The importance of Leonhard Euler's discoveries in the field of shipbuilding for the scientific evolution of academician A. N. Krylov

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sharkov, N. A.; Sharkova, O. A.

2018-05-01

The paper identifies the importance of the Leonhard Euler's discoveries in the field of shipbuilding for the scientific evolution of academician A. N. Krylov and for the modern knowledge in survivability and safety of ships. The works by Leonard Euler "Marine Science" and "The Moon Motion New Theory" are discussed.

A study for bank effect on ship traffic in narrow water channels using cellular automata

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Zhuo; Cong, Shuang; Pan, Junnan; Zheng, Jianfeng

2017-12-01

In narrow water channels, bank might affect nearby ships due to hydrodynamic forces (bank effect). To avoid accidents, different sailing rules (i.e., lane-changing, speed control) are required. In this paper, a two-lane cellular automata model is proposed to evaluate such phenomena. Numerical experiments show that ships will form a “slow-moving chunk” in the bank area, which will significantly block the flux. As further study demonstrated to alleviate bank effect, ship speed and bank length should be controlled.

Multiple object tracking with non-unique data-to-object association via generalized hypothesis testing. [tracking several aircraft near each other or ships at sea

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Porter, D. W.; Lefler, R. M.

1979-01-01

A generalized hypothesis testing approach is applied to the problem of tracking several objects where several different associations of data with objects are possible. Such problems occur, for instance, when attempting to distinctly track several aircraft maneuvering near each other or when tracking ships at sea. Conceptually, the problem is solved by first, associating data with objects in a statistically reasonable fashion and then, tracking with a bank of Kalman filters. The objects are assumed to have motion characterized by a fixed but unknown deterministic portion plus a random process portion modeled by a shaping filter. For example, the object might be assumed to have a mean straight line path about which it maneuvers in a random manner. Several hypothesized associations of data with objects are possible because of ambiguity as to which object the data comes from, false alarm/detection errors, and possible uncertainty in the number of objects being tracked. The statistical likelihood function is computed for each possible hypothesized association of data with objects. Then the generalized likelihood is computed by maximizing the likelihood over parameters that define the deterministic motion of the object.

46 CFR 111.54-3 - Remote control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Remote control. 111.54-3 Section 111.54-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Circuit Breakers § 111.54-3 Remote control. Remotely controlled circuit breakers must have local...

46 CFR 111.54-3 - Remote control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Remote control. 111.54-3 Section 111.54-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Circuit Breakers § 111.54-3 Remote control. Remotely controlled circuit breakers must have local...

46 CFR 111.54-3 - Remote control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Remote control. 111.54-3 Section 111.54-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Circuit Breakers § 111.54-3 Remote control. Remotely controlled circuit breakers must have local...

46 CFR 111.54-3 - Remote control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Remote control. 111.54-3 Section 111.54-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Circuit Breakers § 111.54-3 Remote control. Remotely controlled circuit breakers must have local...

46 CFR 111.54-3 - Remote control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Remote control. 111.54-3 Section 111.54-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Circuit Breakers § 111.54-3 Remote control. Remotely controlled circuit breakers must have local...

46 CFR 52.01-10 - Automatic controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Automatic controls. 52.01-10 Section 52.01-10 Shipping... Requirements § 52.01-10 Automatic controls. (a) Each main boiler must meet the special requirements for automatic safety controls in § 62.35-20(a)(1) of this chapter. (b) Each automatically controlled auxiliary...

46 CFR 52.01-10 - Automatic controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Automatic controls. 52.01-10 Section 52.01-10 Shipping... Requirements § 52.01-10 Automatic controls. (a) Each main boiler must meet the special requirements for automatic safety controls in § 62.35-20(a)(1) of this chapter. (b) Each automatically controlled auxiliary...

46 CFR 52.01-10 - Automatic controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Automatic controls. 52.01-10 Section 52.01-10 Shipping... Requirements § 52.01-10 Automatic controls. (a) Each main boiler must meet the special requirements for automatic safety controls in § 62.35-20(a)(1) of this chapter. (b) Each automatically controlled auxiliary...

46 CFR 52.01-10 - Automatic controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Automatic controls. 52.01-10 Section 52.01-10 Shipping... Requirements § 52.01-10 Automatic controls. (a) Each main boiler must meet the special requirements for automatic safety controls in § 62.35-20(a)(1) of this chapter. (b) Each automatically controlled auxiliary...

46 CFR 52.01-10 - Automatic controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Automatic controls. 52.01-10 Section 52.01-10 Shipping... Requirements § 52.01-10 Automatic controls. (a) Each main boiler must meet the special requirements for automatic safety controls in § 62.35-20(a)(1) of this chapter. (b) Each automatically controlled auxiliary...

46 CFR 169.117 - OMB control numbers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false OMB control numbers. 169.117 Section 169.117 Shipping... Provisions § 169.117 OMB control numbers. (a) Purpose. This section collects and displays the control numbers... that agencies display a current control number assigned by the Director of OMB for each approved agency...

46 CFR 169.117 - OMB control numbers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false OMB control numbers. 169.117 Section 169.117 Shipping... Provisions § 169.117 OMB control numbers. (a) Purpose. This section collects and displays the control numbers... that agencies display a current control number assigned by the Director of OMB for each approved agency...

X-4 with Pilot Joe Walker, Preflight Briefing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1952-01-01

In this 1952 photograph NACA test pilot Joe Walker (on left) is seen discussing tests points to be flown on the X-4 aircraft with NACA research engineer Donald Bellman. The X-4 Bantam, a single-place, low swept-wing, semi-tailless aircraft, was designed and built by Northrop Aircraft, Inc. It had no horizontal tail surfaces and its mission was to obtain in-flight data on the stability and control of semi-tailless aircraft at high subsonic speeds. The Northrop X-4, Bantam, was a single-place, swept-wing, semi-tailless airplane designed and built to investigate that configuration at transonic speeds (defined as speeds just below and just above the speed of sound, but in this case, the testing was done primarily at just below the speed of sound). The hope of some aerodynamicists was that eliminating the horizontal tail would also do away with stability problems at transonic speeds resulting from the interaction of supersonic shock waves from the wings and the horizontal stabilizers. Northrop Aircraft, Inc. built two X-4 aircraft, the first of which proved to be mechanically unsound. However, ship number 2, with a thicker trailing edge on the wings and elevon, was very reliable. Ship 1 was then grounded and used as parts for ship 2. While being tested from 1950 to 1953 at the NACA High-Speed Flight Research Station (predecessor of today's NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California), the X-4's semi-tailless configuration exhibited inherent longitudinal stability problems (porpoising) as it approached the speed of sound. The X-4 was a small twinjet-engine airplane that had no horizontal tail surfaces, depending instead on combined elevator and aileron control surfaces (called elevons) for control in pitch and roll attitudes. Data gathered from the aircraft's blunt elevon research were helpful in the design of the Bell X-2, which had ailerons with blunted trailing edges. The NACA X-4 program also provided substantial data on the interactions of combined pitching, rolling, and yawing motions. This interaction was soon to become critical to upcoming high-performance military fighters. The X-4, ship 2, flew 82 research flights from 1950 to 1953. With a minimal lift-to-drag ratio of less than 3, the X-4 performance was similar to the soon-to-be-developed X-15. With this similarity in mind, NACA conducted approach and landing studies of X-15-generation aircraft using the X-4. The X-4, retired in 1954, ended its days as a pilot trainer.

46 CFR 565.4 - Notification to Commission of change in control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Notification to Commission of change in control. 565.4 Section 565.4 Shipping FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS AND ACTIONS TO ADDRESS RESTRICTIVE FOREIGN MARITIME PRACTICES CONTROLLED CARRIERS § 565.4 Notification to Commission of change in control. Whenever...

46 CFR 61.30-20 - Automatic control and safety tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Automatic control and safety tests. 61.30-20 Section 61.30-20 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PERIODIC... and safety tests. Operational tests and checks of all safety and limit controls, combustion controls...

46 CFR 61.30-20 - Automatic control and safety tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Automatic control and safety tests. 61.30-20 Section 61.30-20 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PERIODIC... and safety tests. Operational tests and checks of all safety and limit controls, combustion controls...

46 CFR 61.30-20 - Automatic control and safety tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Automatic control and safety tests. 61.30-20 Section 61.30-20 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PERIODIC... and safety tests. Operational tests and checks of all safety and limit controls, combustion controls...

46 CFR 113.35-17 - Vessels with navigating bridge control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Vessels with navigating bridge control. 113.35-17 Section 113.35-17 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING... bridge control. Each vessel with navigating bridge throttle control must have a positive mechanical stop...

46 CFR 113.35-17 - Vessels with navigating bridge control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Vessels with navigating bridge control. 113.35-17 Section 113.35-17 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING... bridge control. Each vessel with navigating bridge throttle control must have a positive mechanical stop...

46 CFR 113.35-17 - Vessels with navigating bridge control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Vessels with navigating bridge control. 113.35-17 Section 113.35-17 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING... bridge control. Each vessel with navigating bridge throttle control must have a positive mechanical stop...

46 CFR 154.325 - Accommodation, service, and control spaces.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Accommodation, service, and control spaces. 154.325... Equipment Ship Arrangements § 154.325 Accommodation, service, and control spaces. (a) Accommodation, service, and control spaces must be outside the cargo area. (b) If a hold space having a cargo containment...

46 CFR 154.325 - Accommodation, service, and control spaces.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Accommodation, service, and control spaces. 154.325... Equipment Ship Arrangements § 154.325 Accommodation, service, and control spaces. (a) Accommodation, service, and control spaces must be outside the cargo area. (b) If a hold space having a cargo containment...

46 CFR 154.325 - Accommodation, service, and control spaces.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Accommodation, service, and control spaces. 154.325... Equipment Ship Arrangements § 154.325 Accommodation, service, and control spaces. (a) Accommodation, service, and control spaces must be outside the cargo area. (b) If a hold space having a cargo containment...

46 CFR 169.117 - OMB control numbers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false OMB control numbers. 169.117 Section 169.117 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS General Provisions § 169.117 OMB control numbers. (a) Purpose. This section collects and displays the control numbers...

46 CFR 169.117 - OMB control numbers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false OMB control numbers. 169.117 Section 169.117 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS SAILING SCHOOL VESSELS General Provisions § 169.117 OMB control numbers. (a) Purpose. This section collects and displays the control numbers...

46 CFR 28.20 - OMB control numbers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false OMB control numbers. 28.20 Section 28.20 Shipping COAST... VESSELS General Provisions § 28.20 OMB control numbers. (a) This section collects and displays the control numbers assigned to information collection and recordkeeping requirements in this part by the Office of...

46 CFR 28.20 - OMB control numbers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false OMB control numbers. 28.20 Section 28.20 Shipping COAST... VESSELS General Provisions § 28.20 OMB control numbers. (a) This section collects and displays the control numbers assigned to information collection and recordkeeping requirements in this part by the Office of...

47 CFR 80.503 - Cooperative use of facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... station or marine utility station on shore may install ship radio stations on board United States... verifying that the ship station licensee has the sole right of control of the ship stations, that the vessel operators must use the ship stations subject to the orders and instructions of the coast station or marine...

Assessment of Options for Enhancing Surface Ship Acquisition.

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-03-01

propulsion control, cargo handling, and the ship’s self defense capability. Cost growth was 50 percent even with a reduction from 9 ships to 5. For...technology, high - value weapon and sensor systems Cargo Arrangements Every area of ship densely packed with equipment, cables, pipes, ventilation...acquisition reform has a high potential to improve the outcomes of ship acquisition programs. Progress has been made in the reduction of military

78 FR 51728 - Fees for Sanitation Inspections of Cruise Ships

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-21

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Fees for Sanitation Inspections of Cruise Ships AGENCY: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Department... prevent and control the introduction, transmission, and spread of gastrointestinal illnesses on cruise...

77 FR 50511 - Fees for Sanitation Inspections of Cruise Ships

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-21

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Fees for Sanitation Inspections of Cruise Ships AGENCY: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Department... prevent and control the introduction, transmission, and spread of gastrointestinal illnesses on cruise...

Shipshape: sanitation inspections on cruise ships, 1990-2005, Vessel Sanitation Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

PubMed

Cramer, Elaine H; Blanton, Curtis J; Otto, Charles

2008-03-01

In the course of a successful collaboration between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the cruise ship industry on reducing common-source outbreaks, CDC's Vessel Sanitation Program (VSP) has expanded its training, education, and cruise ship inspection programs. The study reported here evaluated 15 years of ship sanitation inspection data from the National Center for Environmental Health and assessed performance in specific sanitation categories from 1996 to 2005. During the period 1990-2005, scores from cruise ship environmental sanitation inspections steadily improved. The percentage of inspections with violations decreased among five of nine categories. Those five categories were Washing Facilities, Contact Surfaces, Facility Maintenance, Food Handling, and Communicable Disease Practices. Inspection violations increased proportionally in the categories of Swimming Pools and Water System Protection/Chart Recording. Overall continued good performance in most sanitation categories is likely attributable to on-site training during inspections, improvements in ship construction, and a switch from hot-holding temperatures to time limits as a public health control for foods on display.

CH-TRU Waste Content Codes (CH-TRUCON)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Washington TRU Solutions LLC

2007-08-15

The CH-TRU Waste Content Codes (CH-TRUCON) document describes the inventory of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) CH-TRU waste within the transportation parameters specified by the Contact-Handled Transuranic Waste Authorized Methods for Payload Control (CH-TRAMPAC). The CH-TRAMPAC defines the allowable payload for the Transuranic Package Transporter-II (TRUPACT-II) and HalfPACT packagings. This document is a catalog of TRUPACT-II and HalfPACT authorized contents and a description of the methods utilized to demonstrate compliance with the CH-TRAMPAC. A summary of currently approved content codes by site is presented in Table 1. The CH-TRAMPAC describes "shipping categories" that are assigned to each payload container.more » Multiple shipping categories may be assigned to a single content code. A summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories is provided in Table 2, which consists of Tables 2A, 2B, and 2C. Table 2A provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for the "General Case," which reflects the assumption of a 60-day shipping period as described in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.4 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices. For shipments to be completed within an approximately 1,000-mile radius, a shorter shipping period of 20 days is applicable as described in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.5 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices. For shipments to WIPP from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Nevada Test Site, and Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site, a 20-day shipping period is applicable. Table 2B provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for "Close-Proximity Shipments" (20-day shipping period). For shipments implementing the controls specified in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.6 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices, a 10-day shipping period is applicable. Table 2C provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for "Controlled Shipments" (10-day shipping period).« less

CH-TRU Waste Content Codes (CH-TRUCON)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Washington TRU Solutions LLC

2007-06-15

The CH-TRU Waste Content Codes (CH-TRUCON) document describes the inventory of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) CH-TRU waste within the transportation parameters specified by the Contact-Handled Transuranic Waste Authorized Methods for Payload Control (CH-TRAMPAC). The CH-TRAMPAC defines the allowable payload for the Transuranic Package Transporter-II (TRUPACT-II) and HalfPACT packagings. This document is a catalog of TRUPACT-II and HalfPACT authorized contents and a description of the methods utilized to demonstrate compliance with the CH-TRAMPAC. A summary of currently approved content codes by site is presented in Table 1. The CH-TRAMPAC describes "shipping categories" that are assigned to each payload container.more » Multiple shipping categories may be assigned to a single content code. A summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories is provided in Table 2, which consists of Tables 2A, 2B, and 2C. Table 2A provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for the "General Case," which reflects the assumption of a 60-day shipping period as described in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.4 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices. For shipments to be completed within an approximately 1,000-mile radius, a shorter shipping period of 20 days is applicable as described in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.5 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices. For shipments to WIPP from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Nevada Test Site, and Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site, a 20-day shipping period is applicable. Table 2B provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for "Close-Proximity Shipments" (20-day shipping period). For shipments implementing the controls specified in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.6 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices, a 10-day shipping period is applicable. Table 2C provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for "Controlled Shipments" (10-day shipping period).« less

CH-TRU Waste Content Codes (CH-TRUCON)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Washington TRU Solutions LLC

2007-09-20

The CH-TRU Waste Content Codes (CH-TRUCON) document describes the inventory of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) CH-TRU waste within the transportation parameters specified by the Contact-Handled Transuranic Waste Authorized Methods for Payload Control (CH-TRAMPAC). The CH-TRAMPAC defines the allowable payload for the Transuranic Package Transporter-II (TRUPACT-II) and HalfPACT packagings. This document is a catalog of TRUPACT-II and HalfPACT authorized contents and a description of the methods utilized to demonstrate compliance with the CH-TRAMPAC. A summary of currently approved content codes by site is presented in Table 1. The CH-TRAMPAC describes "shipping categories" that are assigned to each payload container.more » Multiple shipping categories may be assigned to a single content code. A summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories is provided in Table 2, which consists of Tables 2A, 2B, and 2C. Table 2A provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for the "General Case," which reflects the assumption of a 60-day shipping period as described in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.4 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices. For shipments to be completed within an approximately 1,000-mile radius, a shorter shipping period of 20 days is applicable as described in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.5 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices. For shipments to WIPP from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Nevada Test Site, and Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site, a 20-day shipping period is applicable. Table 2B provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for "Close-Proximity Shipments" (20-day shipping period). For shipments implementing the controls specified in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.6 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices, a 10-day shipping period is applicable. Table 2C provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for "Controlled Shipments" (10-day shipping period).« less

CH-TRU Waste Content Codes (CH-TRUCON)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Washington TRU Solutions LLC

2006-06-20

The CH-TRU Waste Content Codes (CH-TRUCON) document describes the inventory of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) CH-TRU waste within the transportation parameters specified by the Contact-Handled Transuranic Waste Authorized Methods for Payload Control (CH-TRAMPAC). The CH-TRAMPAC defines the allowable payload for the Transuranic Package Transporter-II (TRUPACT-II) and HalfPACT packagings. This document is a catalog of TRUPACT-II and HalfPACT authorized contents and a description of the methods utilized to demonstrate compliance with the CH-TRAMPAC. A summary of currently approved content codes by site is presented in Table 1. The CH-TRAMPAC describes "shipping categories" that are assigned to each payload container.more » Multiple shipping categories may be assigned to a single content code. A summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories is provided in Table 2, which consists of Tables 2A, 2B, and 2C. Table 2A provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for the "General Case," which reflects the assumption of a 60-day shipping period as described in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.4 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices. For shipments to be completed within an approximately 1,000-mile radius, a shorter shipping period of 20 days is applicable as described in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.5 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices. For shipments to WIPP from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Nevada Test Site, and Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site, a 20-day shipping period is applicable. Table 2B provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for "Close-Proximity Shipments" (20-day shipping period). For shipments implementing the controls specified in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.6 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices, a 10-day shipping period is applicable. Table 2C provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for "Controlled Shipments" (10-day shipping period).« less

CH-TRU Waste Content Codes (CH-TRUCON)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Washington TRU Solutions LLC

2006-01-18

The CH-TRU Waste Content Codes (CH-TRUCON) document describes the inventory of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) CH-TRU waste within the transportation parameters specified by the Contact-Handled Transuranic Waste Authorized Methods for Payload Control (CH-TRAMPAC). The CH-TRAMPAC defines the allowable payload for the Transuranic Package Transporter-II (TRUPACT-II) and HalfPACT packagings. This document is a catalog of TRUPACT-II and HalfPACT authorized contents and a description of the methods utilized to demonstrate compliance with the CH-TRAMPAC. A summary of currently approved content codes by site is presented in Table 1. The CH-TRAMPAC describes "shipping categories" that are assigned to each payload container.more » Multiple shipping categories may be assigned to a single content code. A summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories is provided in Table 2, which consists of Tables 2A, 2B, and 2C. Table 2A provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for the "General Case," which reflects the assumption of a 60-day shipping period as described in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.4 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices. For shipments to be completed within an approximately 1,000-mile radius, a shorter shipping period of 20 days is applicable as described in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.5 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices. For shipments to WIPP from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Nevada Test Site, and Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site, a 20-day shipping period is applicable. Table 2B provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for "Close-Proximity Shipments" (20-day shipping period). For shipments implementing the controls specified in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.6 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices, a 10-day shipping period is applicable. Table 2C provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for "Controlled Shipments" (10-day shipping period).« less

CH-TRU Waste Content Codes (CH-TRUCON)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Washington TRU Solutions LLC

2006-08-15

The CH-TRU Waste Content Codes (CH-TRUCON) document describes the inventory of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) CH-TRU waste within the transportation parameters specified by the Contact-Handled Transuranic Waste Authorized Methods for Payload Control (CH-TRAMPAC). The CH-TRAMPAC defines the allowable payload for the Transuranic Package Transporter-II (TRUPACT-II) and HalfPACT packagings. This document is a catalog of TRUPACT-II and HalfPACT authorized contents and a description of the methods utilized to demonstrate compliance with the CH-TRAMPAC. A summary of currently approved content codes by site is presented in Table 1. The CH-TRAMPAC describes "shipping categories" that are assigned to each payload container.more » Multiple shipping categories may be assigned to a single content code. A summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories is provided in Table 2, which consists of Tables 2A, 2B, and 2C. Table 2A provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for the "General Case," which reflects the assumption of a 60-day shipping period as described in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.4 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices. For shipments to be completed within an approximately 1,000-mile radius, a shorter shipping period of 20 days is applicable as described in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.5 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices. For shipments to WIPP from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Nevada Test Site, and Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site, a 20-day shipping period is applicable. Table 2B provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for "Close-Proximity Shipments" (20-day shipping period). For shipments implementing the controls specified in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.6 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices, a 10-day shipping period is applicable. Table 2C provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for "Controlled Shipments" (10-day shipping period).« less

CH-TRU Waste Content Codes (CH-TRUCON)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Washington TRU Solutions LLC

2006-12-20

The CH-TRU Waste Content Codes (CH-TRUCON) document describes the inventory of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) CH-TRU waste within the transportation parameters specified by the Contact-Handled Transuranic Waste Authorized Methods for Payload Control (CH-TRAMPAC). The CH-TRAMPAC defines the allowable payload for the Transuranic Package Transporter-II (TRUPACT-II) and HalfPACT packagings. This document is a catalog of TRUPACT-II and HalfPACT authorized contents and a description of the methods utilized to demonstrate compliance with the CH-TRAMPAC. A summary of currently approved content codes by site is presented in Table 1. The CH-TRAMPAC describes "shipping categories" that are assigned to each payload container.more » Multiple shipping categories may be assigned to a single content code. A summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories is provided in Table 2, which consists of Tables 2A, 2B, and 2C. Table 2A provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for the "General Case," which reflects the assumption of a 60-day shipping period as described in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.4 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices. For shipments to be completed within an approximately 1,000-mile radius, a shorter shipping period of 20 days is applicable as described in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.5 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices. For shipments to WIPP from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Nevada Test Site, and Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site, a 20-day shipping period is applicable. Table 2B provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for "Close-Proximity Shipments" (20-day shipping period). For shipments implementing the controls specified in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.6 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices, a 10-day shipping period is applicable. Table 2C provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for "Controlled Shipments" (10-day shipping period).« less

CH-TRU Waste Content Codes (CH-TRUCON)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Washington TRU Solutions LLC

2007-02-15

The CH-TRU Waste Content Codes (CH-TRUCON) document describes the inventory of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) CH-TRU waste within the transportation parameters specified by the Contact-Handled Transuranic Waste Authorized Methods for Payload Control (CH-TRAMPAC). The CH-TRAMPAC defines the allowable payload for the Transuranic Package Transporter-II (TRUPACT-II) and HalfPACT packagings. This document is a catalog of TRUPACT-II and HalfPACT authorized contents and a description of the methods utilized to demonstrate compliance with the CH-TRAMPAC. A summary of currently approved content codes by site is presented in Table 1. The CH-TRAMPAC describes "shipping categories" that are assigned to each payload container.more » Multiple shipping categories may be assigned to a single content code. A summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories is provided in Table 2, which consists of Tables 2A, 2B, and 2C. Table 2A provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for the "General Case," which reflects the assumption of a 60-day shipping period as described in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.4 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices. For shipments to be completed within an approximately 1,000-mile radius, a shorter shipping period of 20 days is applicable as described in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.5 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices. For shipments to WIPP from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Nevada Test Site, and Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site, a 20-day shipping period is applicable. Table 2B provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for "Close-Proximity Shipments" (20-day shipping period). For shipments implementing the controls specified in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.6 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices, a 10-day shipping period is applicable. Table 2C provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for "Controlled Shipments" (10-day shipping period).« less

CH-TRU Waste Content Codes (CH-TRUCON)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Washington TRU Solutions LLC

2006-09-15

The CH-TRU Waste Content Codes (CH-TRUCON) document describes the inventory of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) CH-TRU waste within the transportation parameters specified by the Contact-Handled Transuranic Waste Authorized Methods for Payload Control (CH-TRAMPAC). The CH-TRAMPAC defines the allowable payload for the Transuranic Package Transporter-II (TRUPACT-II) and HalfPACT packagings. This document is a catalog of TRUPACT-II and HalfPACT authorized contents and a description of the methods utilized to demonstrate compliance with the CH-TRAMPAC. A summary of currently approved content codes by site is presented in Table 1. The CH-TRAMPAC describes "shipping categories" that are assigned to each payload container.more » Multiple shipping categories may be assigned to a single content code. A summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories is provided in Table 2, which consists of Tables 2A, 2B, and 2C. Table 2A provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for the "General Case," which reflects the assumption of a 60-day shipping period as described in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.4 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices. For shipments to be completed within an approximately 1,000-mile radius, a shorter shipping period of 20 days is applicable as described in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.5 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices. For shipments to WIPP from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Nevada Test Site, and Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site, a 20-day shipping period is applicable. Table 2B provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for "Close-Proximity Shipments" (20-day shipping period). For shipments implementing the controls specified in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.6 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices, a 10-day shipping period is applicable. Table 2C provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for "Controlled Shipments" (10-day shipping period).« less

CH-TRU Waste Content Codes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Washington TRU Solutions LLC

2008-01-16

The CH-TRU Waste Content Codes (CH-TRUCON) document describes the inventory of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) CH-TRU waste within the transportation parameters specified by the Contact-Handled Transuranic Waste Authorized Methods for Payload Control (CH-TRAMPAC). The CH-TRAMPAC defines the allowable payload for the Transuranic Package Transporter-II (TRUPACT-II) and HalfPACT packagings. This document is a catalog of TRUPACT-II and HalfPACT authorized contents and a description of the methods utilized to demonstrate compliance with the CH-TRAMPAC. A summary of currently approved content codes by site is presented in Table 1. The CH-TRAMPAC describes "shipping categories" that are assigned to each payload container.more » Multiple shipping categories may be assigned to a single content code. A summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories is provided in Table 2, which consists of Tables 2A, 2B, and 2C. Table 2A provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for the "General Case," which reflects the assumption of a 60-day shipping period as described in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.4 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices. For shipments to be completed within an approximately 1,000-mile radius, a shorter shipping period of 20 days is applicable as described in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.5 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices. For shipments to WIPP from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Nevada Test Site, and Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site, a 20-day shipping period is applicable. Table 2B provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for "Close-Proximity Shipments" (20-day shipping period). For shipments implementing the controls specified in the CH-TRAMPAC and Appendix 3.6 of the CH-TRU Payload Appendices, a 10-day shipping period is applicable. Table 2C provides a summary of approved content codes and corresponding shipping categories for "Controlled Shipments" (10-day shipping period).« less

Surveillance study of vector species on board passenger ships, Risk factors related to infestations

PubMed Central

Mouchtouri, Varvara A; Anagnostopoulou, Rimma; Samanidou-Voyadjoglou, Anna; Theodoridou, Kalliopi; Hatzoglou, Chrissi; Kremastinou, Jenny; Hadjichristodoulou, Christos

2008-01-01

Background Passenger ships provide conditions suitable for the survival and growth of pest populations. Arthropods and rodents can gain access directly from the ships' open spaces, can be carried in shiploads, or can be found on humans or animals as ectoparasites. Vectors on board ships may contaminate stored foods, transmit illness on board, or, introduce diseases in new areas. Pest species, ship areas facilitating infestations, and different risk factors related to infestations were identified in 21 ferries. Methods 486 traps for insects and rodents were placed in 21 ferries. Archives of Public Health Authorities were reviewed to identify complaints regarding the presence of pest species on board ferries from 1994 to 2004. A detail questionnaire was used to collect data on ship characteristics and pest control practices. Results Eighteen ferries were infested with flies (85.7%), 11 with cockroaches (52.3%), three with bedbugs, and one with fleas. Other species had been found on board were ants, spiders, butterflies, beetles, and a lizard. A total of 431 Blattella germanica species were captured in 28 (9.96%) traps, and 84.2% of them were nymphs. One ship was highly infested. Cockroach infestation was negatively associated with ferries in which Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point system was applied to ensure food safety on board (Relative Risk, RR = 0.23, p = 0.03), and positively associated with ferries in which cockroaches were observed by crew (RR = 4.09, p = 0.007), no cockroach monitoring log was kept (RR = 5.00, p = 0.02), and pesticide sprays for domestic use were applied by crew (RR = 4.00, p = 0.05). Cockroach infested ships had higher age (p = 0.03). Neither rats nor mice were found on any ship, but three ferries had been infested with a rodent in the past. Conclusion Integrated pest control programs should include continuing monitoring for a variety of pest species in different ship locations; pest control measures should be more persistent in older ships. HACCP system aids in the prevention of cockroach infestations on board. PMID:18371217

Surveillance study of vector species on board passenger ships, risk factors related to infestations.

PubMed

Mouchtouri, Varvara A; Anagnostopoulou, Rimma; Samanidou-Voyadjoglou, Anna; Theodoridou, Kalliopi; Hatzoglou, Chrissi; Kremastinou, Jenny; Hadjichristodoulou, Christos

2008-03-27

Passenger ships provide conditions suitable for the survival and growth of pest populations. Arthropods and rodents can gain access directly from the ships' open spaces, can be carried in shiploads, or can be found on humans or animals as ectoparasites. Vectors on board ships may contaminate stored foods, transmit illness on board, or, introduce diseases in new areas. Pest species, ship areas facilitating infestations, and different risk factors related to infestations were identified in 21 ferries. 486 traps for insects and rodents were placed in 21 ferries. Archives of Public Health Authorities were reviewed to identify complaints regarding the presence of pest species on board ferries from 1994 to 2004. A detail questionnaire was used to collect data on ship characteristics and pest control practices. Eighteen ferries were infested with flies (85.7%), 11 with cockroaches (52.3%), three with bedbugs, and one with fleas. Other species had been found on board were ants, spiders, butterflies, beetles, and a lizard. A total of 431 Blattella germanica species were captured in 28 (9.96%) traps, and 84.2% of them were nymphs. One ship was highly infested. Cockroach infestation was negatively associated with ferries in which Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point system was applied to ensure food safety on board (Relative Risk, RR = 0.23, p = 0.03), and positively associated with ferries in which cockroaches were observed by crew (RR = 4.09, p = 0.007), no cockroach monitoring log was kept (RR = 5.00, p = 0.02), and pesticide sprays for domestic use were applied by crew (RR = 4.00, p = 0.05). Cockroach infested ships had higher age (p = 0.03). Neither rats nor mice were found on any ship, but three ferries had been infested with a rodent in the past. Integrated pest control programs should include continuing monitoring for a variety of pest species in different ship locations; pest control measures should be more persistent in older ships. HACCP system aids in the prevention of cockroach infestations on board.

46 CFR 95.17-10 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Controls. 95.17-10 Section 95.17-10 Shipping COAST GUARD... Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.17-10 Controls. (a) The foam agent, its container, and all controls and... controls and valves for the operation of the system shall be outside the space protected and shall not be...

46 CFR 76.23-15 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Controls. 76.23-15 Section 76.23-15 Shipping COAST GUARD... System, Details § 76.23-15 Controls. (a) The controls for the system shall be outside the spaces... fire in any of the spaces protected. The control space shall be marked as required by § 78.47-18 of...

46 CFR 95.17-10 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Controls. 95.17-10 Section 95.17-10 Shipping COAST GUARD... Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.17-10 Controls. (a) The foam agent, its container, and all controls and... controls and valves for the operation of the system shall be outside the space protected and shall not be...

46 CFR 76.25-25 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Controls. 76.25-25 Section 76.25-25 Shipping COAST GUARD... System, Details § 76.25-25 Controls. (a) The controls for the system shall be outside the spaces... fire in any of the spaces protected. The control space shall be marked as required by § 78.47-17 of...

46 CFR 76.23-15 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Controls. 76.23-15 Section 76.23-15 Shipping COAST GUARD... System, Details § 76.23-15 Controls. (a) The controls for the system shall be outside the spaces... fire in any of the spaces protected. The control space shall be marked as required by § 78.47-18 of...

46 CFR 76.17-10 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Controls. 76.17-10 Section 76.17-10 Shipping COAST GUARD... Systems, Details § 76.17-10 Controls. (a) The foam agent, its container, and all controls and valves for... controls and valves for the operation of the system shall be outside the space protected and shall not be...

46 CFR 76.23-15 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Controls. 76.23-15 Section 76.23-15 Shipping COAST GUARD... System, Details § 76.23-15 Controls. (a) The controls for the system shall be outside the spaces... fire in any of the spaces protected. The control space shall be marked as required by § 78.47-18 of...

46 CFR 95.17-10 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Controls. 95.17-10 Section 95.17-10 Shipping COAST GUARD... Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.17-10 Controls. (a) The foam agent, its container, and all controls and... controls and valves for the operation of the system shall be outside the space protected and shall not be...

46 CFR 76.25-25 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Controls. 76.25-25 Section 76.25-25 Shipping COAST GUARD... System, Details § 76.25-25 Controls. (a) The controls for the system shall be outside the spaces... fire in any of the spaces protected. The control space shall be marked as required by § 78.47-17 of...

46 CFR 76.23-15 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Controls. 76.23-15 Section 76.23-15 Shipping COAST GUARD... System, Details § 76.23-15 Controls. (a) The controls for the system shall be outside the spaces... fire in any of the spaces protected. The control space shall be marked as required by § 78.47-18 of...

46 CFR 76.17-10 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Controls. 76.17-10 Section 76.17-10 Shipping COAST GUARD... Systems, Details § 76.17-10 Controls. (a) The foam agent, its container, and all controls and valves for... controls and valves for the operation of the system shall be outside the space protected and shall not be...

46 CFR 76.25-25 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Controls. 76.25-25 Section 76.25-25 Shipping COAST GUARD... System, Details § 76.25-25 Controls. (a) The controls for the system shall be outside the spaces... fire in any of the spaces protected. The control space shall be marked as required by § 78.47-17 of...

46 CFR 95.17-10 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Controls. 95.17-10 Section 95.17-10 Shipping COAST GUARD... Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.17-10 Controls. (a) The foam agent, its container, and all controls and... controls and valves for the operation of the system shall be outside the space protected and shall not be...

46 CFR 95.17-10 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Controls. 95.17-10 Section 95.17-10 Shipping COAST GUARD... Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.17-10 Controls. (a) The foam agent, its container, and all controls and... controls and valves for the operation of the system shall be outside the space protected and shall not be...

46 CFR 76.25-25 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Controls. 76.25-25 Section 76.25-25 Shipping COAST GUARD... System, Details § 76.25-25 Controls. (a) The controls for the system shall be outside the spaces... fire in any of the spaces protected. The control space shall be marked as required by § 78.47-17 of...

46 CFR 76.25-25 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Controls. 76.25-25 Section 76.25-25 Shipping COAST GUARD... System, Details § 76.25-25 Controls. (a) The controls for the system shall be outside the spaces... fire in any of the spaces protected. The control space shall be marked as required by § 78.47-17 of...

46 CFR 76.17-10 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Controls. 76.17-10 Section 76.17-10 Shipping COAST GUARD... Systems, Details § 76.17-10 Controls. (a) The foam agent, its container, and all controls and valves for... controls and valves for the operation of the system shall be outside the space protected and shall not be...

46 CFR 76.17-10 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Controls. 76.17-10 Section 76.17-10 Shipping COAST GUARD... Systems, Details § 76.17-10 Controls. (a) The foam agent, its container, and all controls and valves for... controls and valves for the operation of the system shall be outside the space protected and shall not be...

46 CFR 76.17-10 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Controls. 76.17-10 Section 76.17-10 Shipping COAST GUARD... Systems, Details § 76.17-10 Controls. (a) The foam agent, its container, and all controls and valves for... controls and valves for the operation of the system shall be outside the space protected and shall not be...

46 CFR 76.23-15 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Controls. 76.23-15 Section 76.23-15 Shipping COAST GUARD... System, Details § 76.23-15 Controls. (a) The controls for the system shall be outside the spaces... fire in any of the spaces protected. The control space shall be marked as required by § 78.47-18 of...

Forcing the Navy to sell cigarettes on ships: how the tobacco industry and politicians torpedoed Navy tobacco control.

PubMed

Offen, Naphtali; Arvey, Sarah R; Smith, Elizabeth A; Malone, Ruth E

2011-03-01

In 1986, the US Navy announced the goal of becoming smoke-free by 2000. However, efforts to restrict tobacco sales and use aboard the USS Roosevelt prompted tobacco industry lobbyists to persuade their allies in Congress to legislate that all naval ships must sell tobacco. Congress also removed control of ships' stores from the Navy. By 1993, the Navy abandoned its smoke-free goal entirely and promised smokers a place to smoke on all ships. Congressional complicity in promoting the agenda of the tobacco industry thwarted the Navy's efforts to achieve a healthy military workforce. Because of military lobbying constraints, civilian pressure on Congress may be necessary to establish effective tobacco control policies in the armed forces.

46 CFR 76.15-10 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Controls. 76.15-10 Section 76.15-10 Shipping COAST GUARD... Extinguishing Systems, Details § 76.15-10 Controls. (a) Except as noted in § 76.15-20(b), all controls and... control stations and the individual valves and controls shall be marked as required by §§ 78.47-15 and 78...

46 CFR 76.15-10 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Controls. 76.15-10 Section 76.15-10 Shipping COAST GUARD... Extinguishing Systems, Details § 76.15-10 Controls. (a) Except as noted in § 76.15-20(b), all controls and... control stations and the individual valves and controls shall be marked as required by §§ 78.47-15 and 78...

46 CFR 76.15-10 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Controls. 76.15-10 Section 76.15-10 Shipping COAST GUARD... Extinguishing Systems, Details § 76.15-10 Controls. (a) Except as noted in § 76.15-20(b), all controls and... control stations and the individual valves and controls shall be marked as required by §§ 78.47-15 and 78...

46 CFR 76.15-10 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Controls. 76.15-10 Section 76.15-10 Shipping COAST GUARD... Extinguishing Systems, Details § 76.15-10 Controls. (a) Except as noted in § 76.15-20(b), all controls and... control stations and the individual valves and controls shall be marked as required by §§ 78.47-15 and 78...

46 CFR 76.15-10 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Controls. 76.15-10 Section 76.15-10 Shipping COAST GUARD... Extinguishing Systems, Details § 76.15-10 Controls. (a) Except as noted in § 76.15-20(b), all controls and... control stations and the individual valves and controls shall be marked as required by §§ 78.47-15 and 78...

Wallops Ship Surveillance System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Donna C.

2011-01-01

Approved as a Wallops control center backup system, the Wallops Ship Surveillance Software is a day-of-launch risk analysis tool for spaceport activities. The system calculates impact probabilities and displays ship locations relative to boundary lines. It enables rapid analysis of possible flight paths to preclude the need to cancel launches and allow execution of launches in a timely manner. Its design is based on low-cost, large-customer- base elements including personal computers, the Windows operating system, C/C++ object-oriented software, and network interfaces. In conformance with the NASA software safety standard, the system is designed to ensure that it does not falsely report a safe-for-launch condition. To improve the current ship surveillance method, the system is designed to prevent delay of launch under a safe-for-launch condition. A single workstation is designated the controller of the official ship information and the official risk analysis. Copies of this information are shared with other networked workstations. The program design is divided into five subsystems areas: 1. Communication Link -- threads that control the networking of workstations; 2. Contact List -- a thread that controls a list of protected item (ocean vessel) information; 3. Hazard List -- threads that control a list of hazardous item (debris) information and associated risk calculation information; 4. Display -- threads that control operator inputs and screen display outputs; and 5. Archive -- a thread that controls archive file read and write access. Currently, most of the hazard list thread and parts of other threads are being reused as part of a new ship surveillance system, under the SureTrak project.

46 CFR 151.12-10 - Operation of oceangoing non-self-propelled ships Carrying Category D NLS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Operation of oceangoing non-self-propelled ships... and Operating Requirements for Control of Pollution From Category D NLS Cargoes § 151.12-10 Operation of oceangoing non-self-propelled ships Carrying Category D NLS. (a) An oceangoing non-self-propelled...

Influenza Outbreaks Among Passengers and Crew on Two Cruise Ships: A Recent Account of Preparedness and Response to an Ever-Present Challenge.

PubMed

Millman, Alexander J; Kornylo Duong, Krista; Lafond, Kathryn; Green, Nicole M; Lippold, Susan A; Jhung, Michael A

2015-01-01

During spring 2014, two large influenza outbreaks occurred among cruise ship passengers and crew on trans-hemispheric itineraries. Passenger and crew information for both ships was obtained from components of the ship medical records. Data included demographics, diagnosis of influenza-like illness (ILI) or acute respiratory illness (ARI), illness onset date, passenger cabin number, crew occupation, influenza vaccination history, and rapid influenza diagnostic test (RIDT) result, if performed. In total, 3.7% of passengers and 3.1% of crew on Ship A had medically attended acute respiratory illness (MAARI). On Ship B, 6.2% of passengers and 4.7% of crew had MAARI. In both outbreaks, passengers reported illness prior to the ship's departure. Influenza activity was low in the places of origin of the majority of passengers and both ships' ports of call. The median age of affected passengers on both ships was 70 years. Diagnostic testing revealed three different co-circulating influenza viruses [influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, influenza A(H3N2), and influenza B] on Ship A and one circulating influenza virus (influenza B) on Ship B. Both ships voluntarily reported the outbreaks to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and implemented outbreak response plans including isolation of sick individuals and antiviral treatment and prophylaxis. Influenza activity can become widespread during cruise ship outbreaks and can occur outside of traditional influenza seasons. Comprehensive outbreak prevention and control plans, including prompt antiviral treatment and prophylaxis, may mitigate the impact of influenza outbreaks on cruise ships. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

46 CFR 565.13 - OMB control number assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false OMB control number assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act 565.13 Section 565.13 Shipping FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS AND ACTIONS TO ADDRESS RESTRICTIVE FOREIGN MARITIME PRACTICES CONTROLLED CARRIERS § 565.13 OMB control number assigned pursuant to...

46 CFR 154.901 - Atmospheric control within cargo tanks and cargo piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Atmospheric control within cargo tanks and cargo piping systems. 154.901 Section 154.901 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN..., Construction and Equipment Atmospheric Control in Cargo Containment Systems § 154.901 Atmospheric control...

46 CFR 154.901 - Atmospheric control within cargo tanks and cargo piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Atmospheric control within cargo tanks and cargo piping systems. 154.901 Section 154.901 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN..., Construction and Equipment Atmospheric Control in Cargo Containment Systems § 154.901 Atmospheric control...

46 CFR 154.901 - Atmospheric control within cargo tanks and cargo piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Atmospheric control within cargo tanks and cargo piping systems. 154.901 Section 154.901 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN..., Construction and Equipment Atmospheric Control in Cargo Containment Systems § 154.901 Atmospheric control...

46 CFR 154.901 - Atmospheric control within cargo tanks and cargo piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Atmospheric control within cargo tanks and cargo piping systems. 154.901 Section 154.901 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN..., Construction and Equipment Atmospheric Control in Cargo Containment Systems § 154.901 Atmospheric control...

46 CFR 154.901 - Atmospheric control within cargo tanks and cargo piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Atmospheric control within cargo tanks and cargo piping systems. 154.901 Section 154.901 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN..., Construction and Equipment Atmospheric Control in Cargo Containment Systems § 154.901 Atmospheric control...

46 CFR 32.56-55 - Control spaces-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Control spaces-T/ALL. 32.56-55 Section 32.56-55 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS SPECIAL EQUIPMENT, MACHINERY, AND HULL....56-55 Control spaces—T/ALL. Bulkheads and decks that separate control spaces from adjacent spaces...

46 CFR 32.56-55 - Control spaces-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Control spaces-T/ALL. 32.56-55 Section 32.56-55 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS SPECIAL EQUIPMENT, MACHINERY, AND HULL....56-55 Control spaces—T/ALL. Bulkheads and decks that separate control spaces from adjacent spaces...

46 CFR 32.56-55 - Control spaces-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Control spaces-T/ALL. 32.56-55 Section 32.56-55 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS SPECIAL EQUIPMENT, MACHINERY, AND HULL....56-55 Control spaces—T/ALL. Bulkheads and decks that separate control spaces from adjacent spaces...

46 CFR 32.56-55 - Control spaces-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Control spaces-T/ALL. 32.56-55 Section 32.56-55 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS SPECIAL EQUIPMENT, MACHINERY, AND HULL....56-55 Control spaces—T/ALL. Bulkheads and decks that separate control spaces from adjacent spaces...

46 CFR 32.56-55 - Control spaces-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Control spaces-T/ALL. 32.56-55 Section 32.56-55 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS SPECIAL EQUIPMENT, MACHINERY, AND HULL....56-55 Control spaces—T/ALL. Bulkheads and decks that separate control spaces from adjacent spaces...

46 CFR 42.07-60 - Control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Control. 42.07-60 Section 42.07-60 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN VOYAGES BY SEA Control, Enforcement, and Rights of Appeal § 42.07-60 Control. (a) The Director, Field Operations (DFO) or the Coast...

46 CFR 42.07-60 - Control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Control. 42.07-60 Section 42.07-60 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN VOYAGES BY SEA Control, Enforcement, and Rights of Appeal § 42.07-60 Control. (a) The Director, Field Operations (DFO) or the Coast...

46 CFR 154.1165 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Controls. 154.1165 Section 154.1165 Shipping COAST GUARD... Chemical § 154.1165 Controls. (a) Each dry chemical hand hose line must be one that can be actuated at its... to any dry chemical system hose, monitor, pipe or control circuits must not prevent the operation of...

46 CFR 154.1165 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Controls. 154.1165 Section 154.1165 Shipping COAST GUARD... Chemical § 154.1165 Controls. (a) Each dry chemical hand hose line must be one that can be actuated at its... to any dry chemical system hose, monitor, pipe or control circuits must not prevent the operation of...

46 CFR 42.07-60 - Control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Control. 42.07-60 Section 42.07-60 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN VOYAGES BY SEA Control, Enforcement, and Rights of Appeal § 42.07-60 Control. (a) The District Director of Customs or the Coast Guard...

46 CFR 95.16-5 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Controls. 95.16-5 Section 95.16-5 Shipping COAST GUARD... Clean Agent Gas Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.16-5 Controls. (a) At least one releasing station must be installed near the main entrance/exit to the protected space. (b) System controls must be of an...

46 CFR 95.16-5 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Controls. 95.16-5 Section 95.16-5 Shipping COAST GUARD... Clean Agent Gas Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.16-5 Controls. (a) At least one releasing station must be installed near the main entrance/exit to the protected space. (b) System controls must be of an...

46 CFR 154.1165 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Controls. 154.1165 Section 154.1165 Shipping COAST GUARD... Chemical § 154.1165 Controls. (a) Each dry chemical hand hose line must be one that can be actuated at its... to any dry chemical system hose, monitor, pipe or control circuits must not prevent the operation of...

46 CFR 193.15-10 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Controls. 193.15-10 Section 193.15-10 Shipping COAST... EQUIPMENT Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 193.15-10 Controls. (a) Except as noted in § 193.15-20(b), all controls and valves for the operation of the system shall be outside the space...

46 CFR 154.1165 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Controls. 154.1165 Section 154.1165 Shipping COAST GUARD... Chemical § 154.1165 Controls. (a) Each dry chemical hand hose line must be one that can be actuated at its... to any dry chemical system hose, monitor, pipe or control circuits must not prevent the operation of...

46 CFR 193.15-10 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Controls. 193.15-10 Section 193.15-10 Shipping COAST... EQUIPMENT Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 193.15-10 Controls. (a) Except as noted in § 193.15-20(b), all controls and valves for the operation of the system shall be outside the space...

46 CFR 154.1165 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Controls. 154.1165 Section 154.1165 Shipping COAST GUARD... Chemical § 154.1165 Controls. (a) Each dry chemical hand hose line must be one that can be actuated at its... to any dry chemical system hose, monitor, pipe or control circuits must not prevent the operation of...

46 CFR 95.16-5 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Controls. 95.16-5 Section 95.16-5 Shipping COAST GUARD... Clean Agent Gas Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.16-5 Controls. (a) At least one releasing station must be installed near the main entrance/exit to the protected space. (b) System controls must be of an...

46 CFR 42.07-60 - Control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Control. 42.07-60 Section 42.07-60 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN VOYAGES BY SEA Control, Enforcement, and Rights of Appeal § 42.07-60 Control. (a) The District Director of Customs or the Coast Guard...

46 CFR 42.07-60 - Control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Control. 42.07-60 Section 42.07-60 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN VOYAGES BY SEA Control, Enforcement, and Rights of Appeal § 42.07-60 Control. (a) The Director, Field Operations (DFO) or the Coast...

46 CFR 62.25-5 - All control systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... normal operation. (c) Inadvertent grounding of an electrical or electronic safety control system must not... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false All control systems. 62.25-5 Section 62.25-5 Shipping... General Requirements for All Automated Vital Systems § 62.25-5 All control systems. (a) Local and remote...

46 CFR 62.25-5 - All control systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... normal operation. (c) Inadvertent grounding of an electrical or electronic safety control system must not... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false All control systems. 62.25-5 Section 62.25-5 Shipping... General Requirements for All Automated Vital Systems § 62.25-5 All control systems. (a) Local and remote...

46 CFR 62.25-5 - All control systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... normal operation. (c) Inadvertent grounding of an electrical or electronic safety control system must not... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false All control systems. 62.25-5 Section 62.25-5 Shipping... General Requirements for All Automated Vital Systems § 62.25-5 All control systems. (a) Local and remote...

46 CFR 62.25-5 - All control systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... normal operation. (c) Inadvertent grounding of an electrical or electronic safety control system must not... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false All control systems. 62.25-5 Section 62.25-5 Shipping... General Requirements for All Automated Vital Systems § 62.25-5 All control systems. (a) Local and remote...

46 CFR 116.530 - Fire control plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Fire control plan. 116.530 Section 116.530 Shipping... and Embarkation Station Requirements § 116.530 Fire control plan. A fire control plan must be posted on the vessel in a location that is accessible and visible to all passengers. The plan must show...

46 CFR 116.530 - Fire control plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Fire control plan. 116.530 Section 116.530 Shipping... and Embarkation Station Requirements § 116.530 Fire control plan. A fire control plan must be posted on the vessel in a location that is accessible and visible to all passengers. The plan must show...

46 CFR 116.530 - Fire control plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Fire control plan. 116.530 Section 116.530 Shipping... and Embarkation Station Requirements § 116.530 Fire control plan. A fire control plan must be posted on the vessel in a location that is accessible and visible to all passengers. The plan must show...

46 CFR 116.530 - Fire control plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire control plan. 116.530 Section 116.530 Shipping... and Embarkation Station Requirements § 116.530 Fire control plan. A fire control plan must be posted on the vessel in a location that is accessible and visible to all passengers. The plan must show...

46 CFR 116.530 - Fire control plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Fire control plan. 116.530 Section 116.530 Shipping... and Embarkation Station Requirements § 116.530 Fire control plan. A fire control plan must be posted on the vessel in a location that is accessible and visible to all passengers. The plan must show...

Effects of Simulated Surface Effect Ship Motions on Crew Habitability. Phase II. Volume 4. Crew Cognitive Functions, Physiological Stress, and Sleep

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-05-01

1OUM 44 rRE JamesIV FUNCION , Jn Vanlo07 James C./Miller NW147-C0_el H~fumnan Factors Research, Incorporated AE OKUI UBR Goleta, California 93017 311...a reduction in renal blood flow) and dilation of the skeletal muscle vessels produce a redistribution of the enlarged cardiac output which anticipates

Control of Parts Shipped Prior to Type Certificate Issuance

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1992-10-14

This advisory circular provides information and guidance concerning the control of parts proposed to be shipped by manufacturers with an approved production inspection system (APIS) or production certificate (PC) (production approval : holders) in ad...

Motions and crew responses on an offshore oil production and storage vessel.

PubMed

Haward, Barbara M; Lewis, Christopher H; Griffin, Michael J

2009-09-01

The motions of vessels may interfere with crew activities and well-being, but the relationships between motion and the experiences of crew are not well-established. Crew responses to motions of a floating production and storage offshore vessel at a fixed location in the North Sea were studied over a 5-month period to identify any changes in crew difficulties and symptoms associated with changes in vessel motion. Ship motions in all six axes (fore-aft, lateral, vertical, roll, pitch, and yaw) were recorded continuously over the 5-month period while 47 crew completed a total of 1704 daily diary entries, a participation rate of 66-78% of the crew complement. The dominant oscillations had frequencies of around 0.1 Hz, producing magnitudes of translational oscillation in accommodation areas of up to about 0.7 ms(-2)r.m.s., depending on the weather, and magnitudes up to three times greater in some other areas. The daily diaries gave ratings of difficulties with tasks, effort level, motion sickness, health symptoms, fatigue, and sleep. Problems most strongly associated with vessel motions were difficulties with physical tasks (balancing, moving and carrying), and sleep problems. Physical and mental tiredness, cognitive aspects of task performance, and stomach awareness and dizziness were also strongly associated with motion magnitude. There was a vomiting incidence of 3.1%, compared with a predicted mean vomiting incidence of 9.3% for a mixed population of unadapted adults. It is concluded that crew difficulties increase on days when vessel motions increase, with some activities and responses particularly influenced by vessel motions.

46 CFR 108.443 - Controls and valves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Controls and valves. 108.443 Section 108.443 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems Fixed Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.443 Controls and...

46 CFR 108.443 - Controls and valves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Controls and valves. 108.443 Section 108.443 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishing Systems Fixed Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.443 Controls and...

46 CFR 154.1715 - Moisture control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Moisture control. 154.1715 Section 154.1715 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SAFETY STANDARDS... § 154.1715 Moisture control. When a vessel is carrying sulfur dioxide, the master shall ensure that: (a...

46 CFR 154.1715 - Moisture control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Moisture control. 154.1715 Section 154.1715 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SAFETY STANDARDS... § 154.1715 Moisture control. When a vessel is carrying sulfur dioxide, the master shall ensure that: (a...

46 CFR 154.1715 - Moisture control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Moisture control. 154.1715 Section 154.1715 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SAFETY STANDARDS... § 154.1715 Moisture control. When a vessel is carrying sulfur dioxide, the master shall ensure that: (a...

46 CFR 154.1715 - Moisture control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Moisture control. 154.1715 Section 154.1715 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SAFETY STANDARDS... § 154.1715 Moisture control. When a vessel is carrying sulfur dioxide, the master shall ensure that: (a...

46 CFR 154.1715 - Moisture control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Moisture control. 154.1715 Section 154.1715 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SAFETY STANDARDS... § 154.1715 Moisture control. When a vessel is carrying sulfur dioxide, the master shall ensure that: (a...

46 CFR 195.05-1 - Installation and details.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS VESSEL... of this type include the following: Ship's Service Generating Systems. Ship's Service Power... Lighting and Power Systems. Electric Lifeboat Winch Systems. Electric Steering Gear and Steering Control...

Real time estimation of ship motions using Kalman filtering techniques

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Triantafyllou, M. S.; Bodson, M.; Athans, M.

1983-01-01

The estimation of the heave, pitch, roll, sway, and yaw motions of a DD-963 destroyer is studied, using Kalman filtering techniques, for application in VTOL aircraft landing. The governing equations are obtained from hydrodynamic considerations in the form of linear differential equations with frequency dependent coefficients. In addition, nonminimum phase characteristics are obtained due to the spatial integration of the water wave forces. The resulting transfer matrix function is irrational and nonminimum phase. The conditions for a finite-dimensional approximation are considered and the impact of the various parameters is assessed. A detailed numerical application for a DD-963 destroyer is presented and simulations of the estimations obtained from Kalman filters are discussed.

Design and characterization of an ocean wave powered lifejacket using 2DOF floating boards

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mi, Jia; Xu, Lin; Yang, Yaling; Zuo, Lei

2018-04-01

Lifejacket is an indispensable life-saving equipment for ships and airplanes. Traditional lifejacket is designed to prevent human from drowning. However, the water temperature is usually low, especially in winter, which significantly reduces the human body temperature and leads to death. Meanwhile, power is critical for drowning people to use emergency communication equipment. This paper proposed an ocean wave powered lifejacket using 2DOF floating boards to provide both buoyance and electricity for drowning people. Hence, they can use this continuous electric power to keep key body warm and send distress signal. This lifejacket is featured with two 2DOF floating boards and the mechanical motion rectifier (MMR) can convert the 2-DOF motions to the unidirectional rotation of generator. The design principle is illustrated and the dynamic modelling for the 2-DOF motions has been analyzed. Bench test and lake test have been conducted to validate the design concept.

Control of Parts Shipped Prior to Type Certificate Issuance

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1991-10-21

This order prescribes the responsibilities and procedures for Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Directorate personnel to review and evaluate proposals for control of parts shipped in advance of type certification of a new aircraft, aircraft engin...

46 CFR 151.12-10 - Operation of oceangoing non-self-propelled ships Carrying Category D NLS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Operation of oceangoing non-self-propelled ships Carrying Category D NLS. 151.12-10 Section 151.12-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES BARGES CARRYING BULK LIQUID HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CARGOES Equipment and Operating Requirements for Control of...

Arctic shipping emissions inventories and future scenarios

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Corbett, J. J.; Lack, D. A.; Winebrake, J. J.; Harder, S.; Silberman, J. A.; Gold, M.

2010-10-01

This paper presents 5 km×5 km Arctic emissions inventories of important greenhouse gases, black carbon and other pollutants under existing and future (2050) scenarios that account for growth of shipping in the region, potential diversion traffic through emerging routes, and possible emissions control measures. These high-resolution, geospatial emissions inventories for shipping can be used to evaluate Arctic climate sensitivity to black carbon (a short-lived climate forcing pollutant especially effective in accelerating the melting of ice and snow), aerosols, and gaseous emissions including carbon dioxide. We quantify ship emissions scenarios which are expected to increase as declining sea ice coverage due to climate change allows for increased shipping activity in the Arctic. A first-order calculation of global warming potential due to 2030 emissions in the high-growth scenario suggests that short-lived forcing of ~4.5 gigagrams of black carbon from Arctic shipping may increase global warming potential due to Arctic ships' CO2 emissions (~42 000 gigagrams) by some 17% to 78%. The paper also presents maximum feasible reduction scenarios for black carbon in particular. These emissions reduction scenarios will enable scientists and policymakers to evaluate the efficacy and benefits of technological controls for black carbon, and other pollutants from ships.

Developing Shipping Emissions Assessments, Inventories and Scenarios (Invited)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Corbett, J. J.

2010-12-01

Inventories of shipping have been important contributions to scientific understanding of regional pollution and transboundary transport. These inventories have also been used to evaluate global scale environmental and climate effects and trends. However, these inventories also inform policy making decisions and this role is increasingly occurring within the timescale of scientific assessment. Shipping exhibits a growth trend for uncontrolled pollutants that is highly coupled to economic activity, and historically increasing faster than many other anthropogenic sources on a global and regional scale. Shipping emissions are being regulated asymmetrically in various dimensions. Some pollutants are being controlled more than others, some regions are subject to stricter controls, and correlated changes in operations are affecting unregulated pollutant emissions. Shipping inventories require more than current assessments, including historic and future scenarios. Generally conceived as sets of business-as-usual (BAU) and high-growth scenarios, ship inventories now also need regulatory control pathways and maximum feasible reduction (MFR) scenarios. In this context, shipping inventories also present other challenges to both scientists and policymakers. Systemic bias can occur in non-shipping assessments when emissions along well-traveled shipping lanes are ignored by far offshore scientific studies, even some campaigns that control very carefully the potential influence of the shipping platforms for their measurements. Examples where shipping may contribute understood and potential biases include: a. Health impacts from transboundary pollution b. Ozone trends over the Pacific c. Sulfur emissions from biogenic sources in Northern hemisphere d. Acidification of coastal waters (potential) e. Arctic impacts on snow and ice Other challenges exist. The fuels and technology used by ships are unique from other transportation, from other stationary sources - and these are changing with economic and regulatory influences differently from other sources. The shifting stock of vessels from new-builds serving primary markets in one region to aging vessel technologies serving secondary markets produces substantial differences in future activity projections. This is compounded by the emissions differences between vessels on liner schedules and ships with similar technologies operating on charter or spot-market bases. Different rates of change drive growth among vessel types differently, so regional pattern shifts will occur, and need to be forecast or depicted in scenarios. Regulatory pathways are emerging with less clarity, but affect regional marine inputs. Scientists who measure emissions need to engage engineering principles of combustion, economics principles of supply and demand, and policy inputs to produce inventories that are more coherent, and more useful to the emerging purposes. Moreover, advanced studies (e.g., inverse modeling, source attribution, and control scenario validation) require design of “closure experiments”, where modeling of inventory measurements and modeled ambient impacts is corroborated and reconciled with field stack measurements and field observation campaigns. The most recent shipping inventories and scenarios are now providing details that recognize and address these issues.

46 CFR 153.408 - Tank overflow control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Tank overflow control. 153.408 Section 153.408 Shipping... Systems § 153.408 Tank overflow control. (a) When table 1 references this section, a cargo containment... the tank (automatic shutdown system). (b) The high level alarm and the cargo overflow alarm or...

46 CFR 62.25-5 - All control systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false All control systems. 62.25-5 Section 62.25-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING VITAL SYSTEM AUTOMATION General Requirements for All Automated Vital Systems § 62.25-5 All control systems. (a) Local and remote...

46 CFR 62.25-10 - Manual alternate control systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Manual alternate control systems. 62.25-10 Section 62.25-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING VITAL SYSTEM AUTOMATION General Requirements for All Automated Vital Systems § 62.25-10 Manual alternate control systems...

46 CFR 62.25-15 - Safety control systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Safety control systems. 62.25-15 Section 62.25-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING VITAL SYSTEM AUTOMATION General Requirements for All Automated Vital Systems § 62.25-15 Safety control systems. (a...

46 CFR 46.10-60 - Control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Control. 46.10-60 Section 46.10-60 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES SUBDIVISION LOAD LINES FOR PASSENGER VESSELS Administration § 46.10-60 Control. (a) The District Director of Customs or the Coast Guard District Commander may...

46 CFR 46.10-60 - Control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Control. 46.10-60 Section 46.10-60 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES SUBDIVISION LOAD LINES FOR PASSENGER VESSELS Administration § 46.10-60 Control. (a) The District Director of Customs or the Coast Guard District Commander may...

46 CFR 46.10-60 - Control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Control. 46.10-60 Section 46.10-60 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES SUBDIVISION LOAD LINES FOR PASSENGER VESSELS Administration § 46.10-60 Control. The Director, Field Operations (DFO) or the Coast Guard District Commander may...

46 CFR 46.10-60 - Control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Control. 46.10-60 Section 46.10-60 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES SUBDIVISION LOAD LINES FOR PASSENGER VESSELS Administration § 46.10-60 Control. The Director, Field Operations (DFO) or the Coast Guard District Commander may...

46 CFR 46.10-60 - Control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Control. 46.10-60 Section 46.10-60 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) LOAD LINES SUBDIVISION LOAD LINES FOR PASSENGER VESSELS Administration § 46.10-60 Control. The Director, Field Operations (DFO) or the Coast Guard District Commander may...

Vibration control of a ship engine system using high-load magnetorheological mounts associated with a new indirect fuzzy sliding mode controller

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Phu, Do Xuan; Choi, Seung-Bok

2015-02-01

In this work, a new high-load magnetorheological (MR) fluid mount system is devised and applied to control vibration in a ship engine. In the investigation of vibration-control performance, a new modified indirect fuzzy sliding mode controller is formulated and realized. The design of the proposed MR mount is based on the flow mode of MR fluid, and it includes two separated coils for generating a magnetic field. An optimization process is carried out to achieve maximal damping force under certain design constraints, such as the allowable height of the mount. As an actuating smart fluid, a new plate-like iron-particle-based MR fluid is used, instead of the conventional spherical iron-particle-based MR fluid. After evaluating the field-dependent yield stress of the MR fluid, the field-dependent damping force required to control unwanted vibration in the ship engine is determined. Subsequently, an appropriate-sized MR mount is manufactured and its damping characteristics are evaluated. After confirming the sufficient damping force level of the manufactured MR mount, a medium-sized ship engine mount system consisting of eight MR mounts is established, and its dynamic governing equations are derived. A new modified indirect fuzzy sliding mode controller is then formulated and applied to the engine mount system. The displacement and velocity responses show that the unwanted vibrations of the ship engine system can be effectively controlled in both the axial and radial directions by applying the proposed control methodology.

An AIS-based high-resolution ship emission inventory and its uncertainty in Pearl River Delta region, China.

PubMed

Li, Cheng; Yuan, Zibing; Ou, Jiamin; Fan, Xiaoli; Ye, Siqi; Xiao, Teng; Shi, Yuqi; Huang, Zhijiong; Ng, Simon K W; Zhong, Zhuangmin; Zheng, Junyu

2016-12-15

Ship emissions contribute significantly to air pollution and impose health risks to residents along the coastal area. By using the refined data from the Automatic Identification System (AIS), this study developed a highly resolved ship emission inventory for the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, China, home to three of ten busiest ports in the world. The region-wide SO 2 , NO X , CO, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and VOC emissions in 2013 were estimated to be 61,484, 103,717, 10,599, 7155, 6605, and 4195t, respectively. Ocean going vessels were the largest contributors of the total emissions, followed by coastal vessels and river vessels. In terms of ship type, container ship was the leading contributor, followed by conventional cargo ship, dry bulk carrier, fishing ship, and oil tanker. These five ship types accounted for >90% of total emissions. The spatial distributions of emissions revealed that the key emission hot spots all concentrated within the newly proposed emission control area (ECA) and ship emissions within ECA covered >80% of total ship emissions in the PRD, highlighting the importance of ECA in emissions reduction in the PRD. The uncertainties of emission estimates of pollutants were quantified, with lower bounds of -24.5% to -21.2% and upper bounds of 28.6% to 33.3% at 95% confidence intervals. The lower uncertainties in this study highlighted the powerfulness of AIS data in improving ship emission estimates. The AIS-based bottom-up methodology can be used for developing and upgrading ship emission inventory and formulating effective control measures on ship emissions in other port regions wherever possible. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

46 CFR 64.93 - Pump controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Pump controls. 64.93 Section 64.93 Shipping COAST GUARD... SYSTEMS Cargo Handling System § 64.93 Pump controls. (a) A pressure gauge must be installed— (1) On the pump discharge; (2) Near the pump controls; and (3) Visible to the operator. (b) A pump must have a...

46 CFR 193.15-10 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Controls. 193.15-10 Section 193.15-10 Shipping COAST... EQUIPMENT Carbon Dioxide and Clean Agent Extinguishing Systems, Details § 193.15-10 Controls. (a) Except as noted in § 193.15-20(b), all controls and valves for the operation of the system shall be outside the...

46 CFR 95.15-10 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Controls. 95.15-10 Section 95.15-10 Shipping COAST GUARD... Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.15-10 Controls. (a) Except as noted in § 95.15-20(b) all controls and valves for the operation of the system shall be outside the space protected, and shall not be...

46 CFR 95.15-10 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Controls. 95.15-10 Section 95.15-10 Shipping COAST GUARD... Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.15-10 Controls. (a) Except as noted in § 95.15-20(b) all controls and valves for the operation of the system shall be outside the space protected, and shall not be...

46 CFR 95.15-10 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Controls. 95.15-10 Section 95.15-10 Shipping COAST GUARD... Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.15-10 Controls. (a) Except as noted in § 95.15-20(b) all controls and valves for the operation of the system shall be outside the space protected, and shall not be...

46 CFR 193.15-10 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Controls. 193.15-10 Section 193.15-10 Shipping COAST... EQUIPMENT Carbon Dioxide and Clean Agent Extinguishing Systems, Details § 193.15-10 Controls. (a) Except as noted in § 193.15-20(b), all controls and valves for the operation of the system shall be outside the...

46 CFR 95.15-10 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Controls. 95.15-10 Section 95.15-10 Shipping COAST GUARD... Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.15-10 Controls. (a) Except as noted in § 95.15-20(b) all controls and valves for the operation of the system shall be outside the space protected, and shall not be...

46 CFR 64.93 - Pump controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Pump controls. 64.93 Section 64.93 Shipping COAST GUARD... SYSTEMS Cargo Handling System § 64.93 Pump controls. (a) A pressure gauge must be installed— (1) On the pump discharge; (2) Near the pump controls; and (3) Visible to the operator. (b) A pump must have a...

46 CFR 193.15-10 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Controls. 193.15-10 Section 193.15-10 Shipping COAST... EQUIPMENT Carbon Dioxide and Clean Agent Extinguishing Systems, Details § 193.15-10 Controls. (a) Except as noted in § 193.15-20(b), all controls and valves for the operation of the system shall be outside the...

46 CFR 64.93 - Pump controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Pump controls. 64.93 Section 64.93 Shipping COAST GUARD... SYSTEMS Cargo Handling System § 64.93 Pump controls. (a) A pressure gauge must be installed— (1) On the pump discharge; (2) Near the pump controls; and (3) Visible to the operator. (b) A pump must have a...

46 CFR 64.93 - Pump controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Pump controls. 64.93 Section 64.93 Shipping COAST GUARD... SYSTEMS Cargo Handling System § 64.93 Pump controls. (a) A pressure gauge must be installed— (1) On the pump discharge; (2) Near the pump controls; and (3) Visible to the operator. (b) A pump must have a...

46 CFR 95.15-10 - Controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Controls. 95.15-10 Section 95.15-10 Shipping COAST GUARD... Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.15-10 Controls. (a) Except as noted in § 95.15-20(b) all controls and valves for the operation of the system shall be outside the space protected, and shall not be...

46 CFR 64.93 - Pump controls.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Pump controls. 64.93 Section 64.93 Shipping COAST GUARD... SYSTEMS Cargo Handling System § 64.93 Pump controls. (a) A pressure gauge must be installed— (1) On the pump discharge; (2) Near the pump controls; and (3) Visible to the operator. (b) A pump must have a...

46 CFR 39.10-13 - Submission of vapor control system designs-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Submission of vapor control system designs-TB/ALL. 39.10-13 Section 39.10-13 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS VAPOR CONTROL SYSTEMS General § 39.10-13 Submission of vapor control system designs—TB/ALL. (a) Plans, calculations, and...

46 CFR 39.10-13 - Submission of vapor control system designs-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Submission of vapor control system designs-TB/ALL. 39.10-13 Section 39.10-13 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS VAPOR CONTROL SYSTEMS General § 39.10-13 Submission of vapor control system designs—TB/ALL. (a) Plans, calculations, and...

46 CFR 39.10-13 - Submission of vapor control system designs-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Submission of vapor control system designs-TB/ALL. 39.10-13 Section 39.10-13 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS VAPOR CONTROL SYSTEMS General § 39.10-13 Submission of vapor control system designs—TB/ALL. (a) Plans, calculations, and...

Background light measurements in the deep ocean

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aoki, T.; Kitamura, T.; Matsuno, S.; Mitsui, K.; Ohashi, Y.

1986-04-01

The ambient light intensity at depths from 1500 to 4700 m at the DUMAND site near Hawaii is determined experimentally. The instrument (two 5-inch-diameter hemispherical photomultiplier elements enclosed in a glass sphere filled with transparent silicon gel, a cylindrical stainless-steel electronics housing, and an A1/PVC frame) and the data-processing techniques are described, and the results of both ship-suspended and bottom-tethered deployments are presented in graphs and characterized. The bottom-tethered data are shown to be stable, and the absolute flux (218 + 20 or - 60 photons/sq cm s) at 4700 m is considered consistent with the beta decay of K-40. Higher and less stable intensities in the ship-suspended data are attributed to bioluminescence stimulated by the motion of the instrument.

Gastrointestinal illness on passenger cruise ships, 1975-1978.

PubMed Central

Dannenberg, A L; Yashuk, J C; Feldman, R A

1982-01-01

Following investigations in 1972-1973 of outbreaks of enteric disease on cruise ships using American ports, a surveillance system was established which required that 24 hours before arrival in port, each ship report the number of persons with diarrheal illness seen by the ship's physician during the cruise. The reported data were found to be reliable; they established a baseline incidence for diarrhea on cruise ships. A significantly high portion of enteric disease outbreaks occurred on vessels that did not pass routine annual or semiannual sanitation inspections. The cruise ship sanitation program, developed with the cooperation of the cruise ship industry and the Centers for Disease Control, appears to have been successful in reducing the overall rate of cruise ship associated outbreaks of enteric illness. PMID:7065338

Maritime Shipping Protection: A Vital Mission Still Neglected and Underprepared to Execute by the United States

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-04

merchant shipping. In the past, NTTP 3-07.12 referred to the mission of protecting shipping as “Naval Control and Protection of Shipping” ( NCAPS ...value that direct protection of shipping has in a hostile environment. According to NTTP 3-07.12, this change was made because “ NCAPS was...only uses an old term (i.e. NCAPS vice NCAGS), but only discusses the aspect of safeguarding the ports of 11 merchant shipping, not actually

Editorial

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peperzak, Louis; Gollasch, Stephan

2018-03-01

September 2017 is a special month for both shipping and nature conservation. Thirteen years have passed since the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM Convention). Obviously important for shipping, but why so for nature conservation?

Soviet Watch Officer’s Guide

DTIC Science & Technology

1967-01-01

triple-screw ships exhibit better controllability than twin-screw and single-screw ships since they combine the favorable characteristics of both...transferring them from one space to another symmetrically located space; - by counterflooding; - through a combined method including counterflooding...with the partial righting of the ship, can pre- vent her from capsizing. The combined method of righting a ship (Fig. 3.5) is used in order to

New Generation Strategic Submarine Study

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-01-01

Ship Propulsion System . 111-22 III- A -6 Simplified Functional Diagram - Steam-Feed Flow System . 111-23 III- A -7...16 Aa Tabte XIZ- A -3 System (Element) Functional Analysis ResuZts--Engineering p Plant Subsystem SYSTEM (ELEMENT) FUNCTION Ll A . Ship Propulsion 1...FUNCTION A . Ship Propulsion (cont’d) 9. SSTG Throttle Valves * Provide frequency control of the ship’s service turbine generators, startup and

The Effect of Ship Inherent Controllability on Piloted Performance: The Simulator Experiment

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-10-01

planned analysis that would look for a dependence of the piloted maneuvers on the inherent controllability of the ships, the transit ccnditions and pilot...instructions were planned to sample the maneuvers needed in a narrow channel. Each run was initialized with the ship to the right of the channel...to Navigation Systems Design Manual for Restricted Waterways," (Smith et al., 1985). As of this writing this revision is planned for calendar year 1991

46 CFR 34.25-10 - Controls-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Controls-T/ALL. 34.25-10 Section 34.25-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT Water Spray Extinguishing Systems, Details § 34.25-10 Controls—T/ALL. (a) There shall be one control valve for the operation of the...

46 CFR 34.25-10 - Controls-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Controls-T/ALL. 34.25-10 Section 34.25-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT Water Spray Extinguishing Systems, Details § 34.25-10 Controls—T/ALL. (a) There shall be one control valve for the operation of the...

46 CFR 150.105 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 150.105 Section 150.105 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES COMPATIBILITY OF CARGOES § 150.105 OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to...

46 CFR 150.105 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 150.105 Section 150.105 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES COMPATIBILITY OF CARGOES § 150.105 OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to...

46 CFR 150.105 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 150.105 Section 150.105 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES COMPATIBILITY OF CARGOES § 150.105 OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to...

46 CFR 150.105 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 150.105 Section 150.105 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES COMPATIBILITY OF CARGOES § 150.105 OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to...

46 CFR 150.105 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 150.105 Section 150.105 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES COMPATIBILITY OF CARGOES § 150.105 OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to...

46 CFR 107.05 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 107.05 Section 107.05 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION General § 107.05 OMB control numbers assigned...

46 CFR 107.05 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 107.05 Section 107.05 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION General § 107.05 OMB control numbers assigned...

46 CFR 107.05 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 107.05 Section 107.05 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION General § 107.05 OMB control numbers assigned...

46 CFR 107.05 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 107.05 Section 107.05 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION General § 107.05 OMB control numbers assigned...

46 CFR 107.05 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 107.05 Section 107.05 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION General § 107.05 OMB control numbers assigned...

46 CFR 287.27 - Controlled corporation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Controlled corporation. 287.27 Section 287.27 Shipping... OPERATORS ESTABLISHMENT OF CONSTRUCTION RESERVE FUNDS § 287.27 Controlled corporation. For the purpose of... acquired by a corporation at a time when the taxpayer owns not less than 95 percent of the total number of...

46 CFR 287.27 - Controlled corporation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Controlled corporation. 287.27 Section 287.27 Shipping... OPERATORS ESTABLISHMENT OF CONSTRUCTION RESERVE FUNDS § 287.27 Controlled corporation. For the purpose of... acquired by a corporation at a time when the taxpayer owns not less than 95 percent of the total number of...

46 CFR 287.27 - Controlled corporation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Controlled corporation. 287.27 Section 287.27 Shipping... OPERATORS ESTABLISHMENT OF CONSTRUCTION RESERVE FUNDS § 287.27 Controlled corporation. For the purpose of... acquired by a corporation at a time when the taxpayer owns not less than 95 percent of the total number of...

46 CFR 287.27 - Controlled corporation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Controlled corporation. 287.27 Section 287.27 Shipping... OPERATORS ESTABLISHMENT OF CONSTRUCTION RESERVE FUNDS § 287.27 Controlled corporation. For the purpose of... acquired by a corporation at a time when the taxpayer owns not less than 95 percent of the total number of...

46 CFR 287.27 - Controlled corporation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Controlled corporation. 287.27 Section 287.27 Shipping... OPERATORS ESTABLISHMENT OF CONSTRUCTION RESERVE FUNDS § 287.27 Controlled corporation. For the purpose of... acquired by a corporation at a time when the taxpayer owns not less than 95 percent of the total number of...

46 CFR 112.43-5 - Controls on island type vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Controls on island type vessels. 112.43-5 Section 112.43-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-5 Controls on island type vessels. On an...

46 CFR 112.43-5 - Controls on island type vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Controls on island type vessels. 112.43-5 Section 112.43-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-5 Controls on island type vessels. On an...

46 CFR 112.43-5 - Controls on island type vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Controls on island type vessels. 112.43-5 Section 112.43-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-5 Controls on island type vessels. On an...

46 CFR 112.43-5 - Controls on island type vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Controls on island type vessels. 112.43-5 Section 112.43-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-5 Controls on island type vessels. On an...

46 CFR 112.43-5 - Controls on island type vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Controls on island type vessels. 112.43-5 Section 112.43-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS Emergency Lighting Systems § 112.43-5 Controls on island type vessels. On an...

46 CFR 185.320 - Steering gear, controls, and communication system tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Steering gear, controls, and communication system tests. 185.320 Section 185.320 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS (UNDER 100 GROSS TONS) OPERATIONS Miscellaneous Operating Requirements § 185.320 Steering gear, controls, and communication system...

Evaluation of Multi-Vessel Ship Motion Prediction Codes

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-01

each other, and accounting for the hydrodynamic effects between the hulls. The major differences in the capabilities of the codes were in the non...Figure 28. Effects of irregular frequency smoothing has on the resultant pitch transfer function for three meter separation, 135 degree heading, and...and accounting for the hydrodynamic effects between the hulls. The major differences in the capabilities of the codes were in the non-hydrodynamic

Military Geography for Professionals and the Public

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-03-01

Cunard ocean liner Lusitania with I, 1 98 men, women, and children aboard. Submarines and antisubmarine warfare (ASW) forces have played...34 luxury liner took a one-way trip to Davy Jones’ locker. Glacial tongues of 52 PART ONE: PIIYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Figure 9. Ocean Wave Motions and Measurements...winds dictate the orientation of these fields. No ocean liner or cruise ship ever deliberately heads toward a storm, as carrier commanding officers

Ownership and control of ships

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-03-01

This paper examines how the beneficial (or ultimate) ownership and control of vessels can be cloaked by owners who for one reason or another wish to remain anonymous. It is beneficial ship owners that decide how their vessels will be used, or at leas...

46 CFR 62.30-1 - Failsafe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Failsafe. 62.30-1 Section 62.30-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING VITAL SYSTEM AUTOMATION Reliability and Safety... control, safety control, and alarm systems must be failsafe. ...

46 CFR 62.30-1 - Failsafe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Failsafe. 62.30-1 Section 62.30-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING VITAL SYSTEM AUTOMATION Reliability and Safety... control, safety control, and alarm systems must be failsafe. ...

46 CFR 62.30-1 - Failsafe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Failsafe. 62.30-1 Section 62.30-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING VITAL SYSTEM AUTOMATION Reliability and Safety... control, safety control, and alarm systems must be failsafe. ...

46 CFR 30.10-5b - Cargo control station-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cargo control station-TB/ALL. 30.10-5b Section 30.10-5b Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-5b Cargo control station—TB/ALL. The term cargo control station means a location that is manned...

46 CFR 30.10-5b - Cargo control station-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Cargo control station-TB/ALL. 30.10-5b Section 30.10-5b Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-5b Cargo control station—TB/ALL. The term cargo control station means a location that is manned...

46 CFR 30.10-5b - Cargo control station-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Cargo control station-TB/ALL. 30.10-5b Section 30.10-5b Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-5b Cargo control station—TB/ALL. The term cargo control station means a location that is manned...

46 CFR 30.10-5b - Cargo control station-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Cargo control station-TB/ALL. 30.10-5b Section 30.10-5b Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-5b Cargo control station—TB/ALL. The term cargo control station means a location that is manned...

46 CFR 30.10-5b - Cargo control station-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Cargo control station-TB/ALL. 30.10-5b Section 30.10-5b Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-5b Cargo control station—TB/ALL. The term cargo control station means a location that is manned...

Design and reliability analysis of DP-3 dynamic positioning control architecture

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Fang; Wan, Lei; Jiang, Da-Peng; Xu, Yu-Ru

2011-12-01

As the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas proliferate throughout deepwater area, the requirements on the reliability of dynamic positioning system become increasingly stringent. The control objective ensuring safety operation at deep water will not be met by a single controller for dynamic positioning. In order to increase the availability and reliability of dynamic positioning control system, the triple redundancy hardware and software control architectures were designed and developed according to the safe specifications of DP-3 classification notation for dynamically positioned ships and rigs. The hardware redundant configuration takes the form of triple-redundant hot standby configuration including three identical operator stations and three real-time control computers which connect each other through dual networks. The function of motion control and redundancy management of control computers were implemented by software on the real-time operating system VxWorks. The software realization of task loose synchronization, majority voting and fault detection were presented in details. A hierarchical software architecture was planed during the development of software, consisting of application layer, real-time layer and physical layer. The behavior of the DP-3 dynamic positioning control system was modeled by a Markov model to analyze its reliability. The effects of variation in parameters on the reliability measures were investigated. The time domain dynamic simulation was carried out on a deepwater drilling rig to prove the feasibility of the proposed control architecture.

Influenza Outbreaks Among Passengers and Crew on Two Cruise Ships: A Recent Account of Preparedness and Response to an Ever-Present Challenge

PubMed Central

Millman, Alexander J.; Duong, Krista Kornylo; Lafond, Kathryn; Green, Nicole M.; Lippold, Susan A.; Jhung, Michael A.

2016-01-01

Background During spring 2014, two large influenza outbreaks occurred among cruise ship passengers and crew on trans-hemispheric itineraries. Methods Passenger and crew information for both ships was obtained from components of the ship medical records. Data included demographics, diagnosis of influenza-like illness (ILI) or acute respiratory illness (ARI), illness onset date, passenger cabin number, crew occupation, influenza vaccination history, and rapid influenza diagnostic test (RIDT) result, if performed. Results In total, 3.7% of passengers and 3.1% of crew on Ship A had medically attended acute respiratory illness (MAARI). On Ship B, 6.2% of passengers and 4.7% of crew had MAARI. In both outbreaks, passengers reported illness prior to the ship’s departure. Influenza activity was low in the places of origin of the majority of passengers and both ships’ ports of call. The median age of affected passengers on both ships was 70 years. Diagnostic testing revealed three different co-circulating influenza viruses [influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, influenza A(H3N2), and influenza B] on Ship A and one circulating influenza virus (influenza B) on Ship B. Both ships voluntarily reported the outbreaks to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and implemented outbreak response plans including isolation of sick individuals and antiviral treatment and prophylaxis. Conclusions Influenza activity can become widespread during cruise ship outbreaks and can occur outside of traditional influenza seasons. Comprehensive outbreak prevention and control plans, including prompt antiviral treatment and prophylaxis, may mitigate the impact of influenza outbreaks on cruise ships. PMID:26031322

Sleep Duration in Rough Sea Conditions.

PubMed

Matsangas, Panagiotis; Shattuck, Nita L; McCauley, Michael E

2015-10-01

Environmental motion can affect shipboard sleep of crewmembers. Slamming and similar harsh motion may interfere with sleep, whereas mild motion and sopite syndrome may enhance sleep. If sleep needs vary by sea condition, this factor should be considered when assessing human performance at sea. The goal of this study was to assess sleep duration in different sea conditions. Crewmembers (N = 52) from a U.S. Navy vessel participated in the study while performing their normal daily schedule of duties. Sleep was assessed with wrist-worn actigraphy. Motion sickness and sopite syndrome were assessed using standardized questionnaires. In rough sea conditions, crewmembers experienced increased severity of motion sickness and sopite syndrome compared to their ratings during calmer sea conditions. Crewmembers slept significantly longer during sea state 5-6 compared to sleep on days with sea state 4 (25% increase) and sea state 3-4 (30% increase). Specifically, daily sleep increased from 6.97 ± 1.24 h in sea state 3-4, to 7.23 ± 1.65 h in sea state 4, to 9.04 ± 2.90 h in sea state 5-6. Although the duration of sleep in rough seas increased significantly compared to calmer sea conditions, causal factors are inconclusive. Accumulated sleep debt, motion-induced fatigue, and sopite syndrome all may have contributed, but results suggest that motion sickness and sopite syndrome were the predominant stressors. If sleep needs increase in severe motion environments, this factor should be taken into account when developing daily activity schedules or when modeling manning requirements on modern ships.

A review of outbreaks of foodborne disease associated with passenger ships: evidence for risk management.

PubMed Central

Rooney, Roisin M.; Cramer, Elaine H.; Mantha, Stacey; Nichols, Gordon; Bartram, Jamie K.; Farber, Jeffrey M.; Benembarek, Peter K.

2004-01-01

OBJECTIVE: Foodborne disease outbreaks on ships are of concern because of their potentially serious health consequences for passengers and crew and high costs to the industry. The authors conducted a review of outbreaks of foodborne diseases associated with passenger ships in the framework of a World Health Organization project on setting guidelines for ship sanitation. METHODS: The authors reviewed data on 50 outbreaks of foodborne disease associated with passenger ships. For each outbreak, data on pathogens/toxins, type of ship, factors contributing to outbreaks, mortality and morbidity, and food vehicles were collected. RESULTS: The findings of this review show that the majority of reported outbreaks were associated with cruise ships and that almost 10,000 people were affected. Salmonella spp were most frequently associated with outbreaks. Foodborne outbreaks due to enterotoxigenic E. coli spp, Shigella spp, noroviruses (formally called Norwalk-like viruses), Vibrio spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Cyclospora sp, and Trichinella sp also occurred on ships. Factors associated with the outbreaks reviewed include inadequate temperature control, infected food handlers, contaminated raw ingredients, cross-contamination, inadequate heat treatment, and onshore excursions. Seafood was the most common food vehicle implicated in outbreaks. CONCLUSIONS: Many ship-associated outbreaks could have been prevented if measures had been taken to ensure adequate temperature control, avoidance of cross-contamination, reliable food sources, adequate heat treatment, and exclusion of infected food handlers from work. PMID:15219800

Mother ship and physical agents collaboration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Young, Stuart H.; Budulas, Peter P.; Emmerman, Philip J.

1999-07-01

This paper discusses ongoing research at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory that investigates the feasibility of developing a collaboration architecture between small physical agents and a mother ship. This incudes the distribution of planning, perception, mobility, processing and communications requirements between the mother ship and the agents. Small physical agents of the future will be virtually everywhere on the battlefield of the 21st century. A mother ship that is coupled to a team of small collaborating physical agents (conducting tasks such as Reconnaissance, Surveillance, and Target Acquisition (RSTA); logistics; sentry; and communications relay) will be used to build a completely effective and mission capable intelligent system. The mother ship must have long-range mobility to deploy the small, highly maneuverable agents that will operate in urban environments and more localized areas, and act as a logistics base for the smaller agents. The mother ship also establishes a robust communications network between the agents and is the primary information disseminating and receiving point to the external world. Because of its global knowledge and processing power, the mother ship does the high-level control and planning for the collaborative physical agents. This high level control and interaction between the mother ship and its agents (including inter agent collaboration) will be software agent architecture based. The mother ship incorporates multi-resolution battlefield visualization and analysis technology, which aids in mission planning and sensor fusion.

A review of outbreaks of foodborne disease associated with passenger ships: evidence for risk management.

PubMed

Rooney, Roisin M; Cramer, Elaine H; Mantha, Stacey; Nichols, Gordon; Bartram, Jamie K; Farber, Jeffrey M; Benembarek, Peter K

2004-01-01

Foodborne disease outbreaks on ships are of concern because of their potentially serious health consequences for passengers and crew and high costs to the industry. The authors conducted a review of outbreaks of foodborne diseases associated with passenger ships in the framework of a World Health Organization project on setting guidelines for ship sanitation. The authors reviewed data on 50 outbreaks of foodborne disease associated with passenger ships. For each outbreak, data on pathogens/toxins, type of ship, factors contributing to outbreaks, mortality and morbidity, and food vehicles were collected. The findings of this review show that the majority of reported outbreaks were associated with cruise ships and that almost 10,000 people were affected. Salmonella spp were most frequently associated with outbreaks. Foodborne outbreaks due to enterotoxigenic E. coli spp, Shigella spp, noroviruses (formally called Norwalk-like viruses), Vibrio spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Cyclospora sp, and Trichinella sp also occurred on ships. Factors associated with the outbreaks reviewed include inadequate temperature control, infected food handlers, contaminated raw ingredients, cross-contamination, inadequate heat treatment, and onshore excursions. Seafood was the most common food vehicle implicated in outbreaks. Many ship-associated outbreaks could have been prevented if measures had been taken to ensure adequate temperature control, avoidance of cross-contamination, reliable food sources, adequate heat treatment, and exclusion of infected food handlers from work.

Using optical flow for the detection of floating mines in IR image sequences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borghgraef, Alexander; Acheroy, Marc

2006-09-01

In the first Gulf War, unmoored floating mines proved to be a real hazard for shipping traffic. An automated system capable of detecting these and other free-floating small objects, using readily available sensors such as infra-red cameras, would prove to be a valuable mine-warfare asset, and could double as a collision avoidance mechanism, and a search-and-rescue aid. The noisy background provided by the sea surface, and occlusion by waves make it difficult to detect small floating objects using only algorithms based upon the intensity, size or shape of the target. This leads us to look at the sequence of images for temporal detection characteristics. The target's apparent motion is such a determinant, given the contrast between the bobbing motion of the floating object and the strong horizontal component present in the propagation of the wavefronts. We have applied the Proesmans optical flow algorithm to IR video footage of practice mines, in order to extract the motion characteristic and a threshold on the vertical motion characteristic is then imposed to detect the floating targets.

Experimental and numerical investigation of the roll motion behavior of a floating liquefied natural gas system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, WenHua; Yang, JianMin; Hu, ZhiQiang; Xiao, LongFei; Peng, Tao

2013-03-01

The present paper does an experimental and numerical investigation of the hydrodynamic interaction and the response of a single point turret-moored Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG) system, which is a new type of floating LNG (Liquid Natural Gas) platform that consists of a ship-type FPSO hull equipped with LNG storage tanks and liquefaction plants. In particular, this study focuses on the investigation of the roll response of FLNG hull in free-decay motions, white noise waves and also in irregular waves. Model tests of the FLNG system in 60%H filling condition excited by both white noise waves and irregular waves combined with steady wind and current have been carried out. Response Amplitude Operators (RAOs) and time histories of the responses are obtained for sway, roll and yaw motions. Obvious Low Frequency (LF) components of the roll motions are observed, which may be out of expectation. To facilitate the physical understanding of this phenomenon, we filter the roll motions at the period of 30 s into two parts: the Wave Frequency (WF) motions and the Low Frequency (LF) motions respectively. The results indicate that the LF motions are closely related to the sway and yaw motions. Possible reasons for the presence of the LF motions of roll have been discussed in detail, through the comparison with the sway and yaw motions. As for the numerical part, the simulation of the modeled case is conducted with the help of the software SESAM®. A good agreement between experiments and calculations is reported within the scope of trends. However, the numerical simulations should be further improved for the prediction of the FLNG system in the heading sea.

Fact Sheet: Control Techniques Guidelines (CTG) for Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Facilities Operation (Surface Coating)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This page contains an August 1996 fact sheet with information regarding the CTG and Alternative Control Techniques (ACT) for Surface Coating at Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Facilities Operations. This document provides a summary of this guidance

46 CFR 153.334 - Bilge pumping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... pumping system must have: (1) Complete remote operating controls outside the cargo pumproom; and (2) An... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Bilge pumping systems. 153.334 Section 153.334 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SHIPS CARRYING...

Control and Optimization of Electric Ship Propulsion Systems with Hybrid Energy Storage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hou, Jun

Electric ships experience large propulsion-load fluctuations on their drive shaft due to encountered waves and the rotational motion of the propeller, affecting the reliability of the shipboard power network and causing wear and tear. This dissertation explores new solutions to address these fluctuations by integrating a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) and developing energy management strategies (EMS). Advanced electric propulsion drive concepts are developed to improve energy efficiency, performance and system reliability by integrating HESS, developing advanced control solutions and system integration strategies, and creating tools (including models and testbed) for design and optimization of hybrid electric drive systems. A ship dynamics model which captures the underlying physical behavior of the electric ship propulsion system is developed to support control development and system optimization. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed control approaches, a state-of-the-art testbed has been constructed which includes a system controller, Li-Ion battery and ultra-capacitor (UC) modules, a high-speed flywheel, electric motors with their power electronic drives, DC/DC converters, and rectifiers. The feasibility and effectiveness of HESS are investigated and analyzed. Two different HESS configurations, namely battery/UC (B/UC) and battery/flywheel (B/FW), are studied and analyzed to provide insights into the advantages and limitations of each configuration. Battery usage, loss analysis, and sensitivity to battery aging are also analyzed for each configuration. In order to enable real-time application and achieve desired performance, a model predictive control (MPC) approach is developed, where a state of charge (SOC) reference of flywheel for B/FW or UC for B/UC is used to address the limitations imposed by short predictive horizons, because the benefits of flywheel and UC working around high-efficiency range are ignored by short predictive horizons. Given the multi-frequency characteristics of load fluctuations, a filter-based control strategy is developed to illustrate the importance of the coordination within the HESS. Without proper control strategies, the HESS solution could be worse than a single energy storage system solution. The proposed HESS, when introduced into an existing shipboard electrical propulsion system, will interact with the power generation systems. A model-based analysis is performed to evaluate the interactions of the multiple power sources when a hybrid energy storage system is introduced. The study has revealed undesirable interactions when the controls are not coordinated properly, and leads to the conclusion that a proper EMS is needed. Knowledge of the propulsion-load torque is essential for the proposed system-level EMS, but this load torque is immeasurable in most marine applications. To address this issue, a model-based approach is developed so that load torque estimation and prediction can be incorporated into the MPC. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, an input observer with linear prediction is developed as an alternative approach to obtain the load estimation and prediction. Comparative studies are performed to illustrate the importance of load torque estimation and prediction, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of improved efficiency, enhanced reliability, and reduced wear and tear. Finally, the real-time MPC algorithm has been implemented on a physical testbed. Three different efforts have been made to enable real-time implementation: a specially tailored problem formulation, an efficient optimization algorithm and a multi-core hardware implementation. Compared to the filter-based strategy, the proposed real-time MPC achieves superior performance, in terms of the enhanced system reliability, improved HESS efficiency, and extended battery life.

Flight Test of the Engine Fuel Schedules of the X-43A Hyper-X Research Vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, Thomas

2006-01-01

The Hyper-X program flew two X-43A Hyper-X Research Vehicles (HXRVs) in 2004, referred to as Ship 2 and Ship 3. The scramjet engine of the X-43A research vehicle was autonomously controlled in flight to track a predetermined fueling schedule. Ship 2 flew at approximately Mach 7 and Ship 3 flew at approximately Mach 10.

New Submerged-Robot Control Optical Fiber Cable With Small-Diameter, High-Strength Frp Covered Optical Fiber

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fuse, K.; Shirasaka, Y.; Yanagawa, H.

1984-10-01

Of natural resources on the earth, the utilization of the oceans has the oldest history, and the development of them has been delayed most. However, hot expectation is being placed on the development of the oceans. The element that obstructs the acceleration of such development is the sea itself. From a technical viewpoint, the means to explore the oceans have not been developed sufficiently, and equipment such as special large vehicles and ships has been bulky, requiring a very large sum of money to prepare them. These have been part of the reasons why the development of the oceans has been delayed. For this reason, a large number of exploratory systems will be studied as the ocean development becomes active in the near future. A single optical fiber cable has been considered as a cable for control of an ocean exploratory robot, which weighs approximately 30 to 40 kg at most in air requiring no power feeding to the drive section inside the vehicle and running by self on a built-in battery, as well as for data transfer. This cable is believed most suitable in terms of high speed mobility, transmission characteristics, and system cost. The mode (system) of pay off of the cable paid off by the ship loading such a cable becomes very important in the design of optical fiber cables for control of ocean exploratory robots. This paper introduces a new FRP covered optical fiber cable developed as an optical fiber cable for control of ocean exploratory robots with a small diameter and rotating motion. This cable is considered most suitable for the pay off-system which is simple and offers the highest space utility. The paper describes a basic study made prior to an actual performance test in the sea, as well as its design and characteristics.

Navy Omni-Directional Vehicle (ODV) development program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcgowen, Hillery

1994-01-01

The Omni-Directional Vehicle (ODV) development program sponsored by the Office of Naval Research at the Coastal Systems Station has investigated the application of ODV technology for use in the Navy shipboard environment. ODV technology as originally received by the Navy in the form of the Cadillac-Gage Side Mover Vehicle was applicable to the shipboard environment with the potential to overcome conditions of reduced traction, ship motion, decks heeled at high angles, obstacles, and confined spaces. Under the Navy program, ODV technology was investigated and a series of experimental vehicles were built and successfully tested under extremely demanding conditions. The ODV drive system has been found to be applicable to autonomous, remotely, or manually operated vehicles. Potential commercial applications include multi-directional forklift trucks, automatic guided vehicles employed in manufacturing environments, and remotely controlled platforms used in nuclear facilities or for hazardous waste clean up tasks.

Navy Omni-Directional Vehicle (ODV) development program

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McGowen, Hillery

1994-02-01

The Omni-Directional Vehicle (ODV) development program sponsored by the Office of Naval Research at the Coastal Systems Station has investigated the application of ODV technology for use in the Navy shipboard environment. ODV technology as originally received by the Navy in the form of the Cadillac-Gage Side Mover Vehicle was applicable to the shipboard environment with the potential to overcome conditions of reduced traction, ship motion, decks heeled at high angles, obstacles, and confined spaces. Under the Navy program, ODV technology was investigated and a series of experimental vehicles were built and successfully tested under extremely demanding conditions. The ODV drive system has been found to be applicable to autonomous, remotely, or manually operated vehicles. Potential commercial applications include multi-directional forklift trucks, automatic guided vehicles employed in manufacturing environments, and remotely controlled platforms used in nuclear facilities or for hazardous waste clean up tasks.

Shipping emission forecasts and cost-benefit analysis of China ports and key regions' control.

PubMed

Liu, Huan; Meng, Zhi-Hang; Shang, Yi; Lv, Zhao-Feng; Jin, Xin-Xin; Fu, Ming-Liang; He, Ke-Bin

2018-05-01

China established Domestic Emission Control Area (DECA) for sulphur since 2015 to constrain the increasing shipping emissions. However, future DECA policy-makings are not supported due to a lack of quantitive evaluations. To investigate the effects of current and possible Chinese DECAs policies, a model is presented for the forecast of shipping emissions and evaluation of potential costs and benefits of an DECA policy package set in 2020. It includes a port-level and regional-level projection accounting for shipping trade volume growth, share of ship types, and fuel consumption. The results show that without control measures, both SO 2 and particulate matter (PM) emissions are expected to increase by 15.3-61.2% in Jing-Jin-Ji, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta from 2013 to 2020. However, most emissions can be reduced annually by the establishment of a DECA that depends on the size of the control area and the fuel sulphur content limit. Costs range from 0.667 to 1.561 billion dollars (control regional shipping emissions) based on current fuel price. A social cost method shows the regional control scenarios benefit-cost ratios vary from 4.3 to 5.1 with large uncertainty. Chemical transportation model combined with health model method is used to get the monetary health benefits and then compared with the results from social cost method. This study suggests that Chinese DECAs will reduce the projected emissions at a favorable benefit-cost ratio, and furthermore proposes policy combinations that provide high cost-effective benefits as a reference for future policy-making. Crown Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

46 CFR 34.25-10 - Controls-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... required by § 35.40-18 of this subchapter. It shall not be necessary to start the pumps from the control... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Controls-T/ALL. 34.25-10 Section 34.25-10 Shipping COAST... Systems, Details § 34.25-10 Controls—T/ALL. (a) There shall be one control valve for the operation of the...

46 CFR 34.25-10 - Controls-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... required by § 35.40-18 of this subchapter. It shall not be necessary to start the pumps from the control... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Controls-T/ALL. 34.25-10 Section 34.25-10 Shipping COAST... Systems, Details § 34.25-10 Controls—T/ALL. (a) There shall be one control valve for the operation of the...

46 CFR 34.25-10 - Controls-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... required by § 35.40-18 of this subchapter. It shall not be necessary to start the pumps from the control... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Controls-T/ALL. 34.25-10 Section 34.25-10 Shipping COAST... Systems, Details § 34.25-10 Controls—T/ALL. (a) There shall be one control valve for the operation of the...

46 CFR 34.15-10 - Controls-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Controls-T/ALL. 34.15-10 Section 34.15-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 34.15-10 Controls—T/ALL. (a) Except as noted in § 34.15-20(b), all controls and valves...

46 CFR 110.01-2 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 110.01-2 Section 110.01-2 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING GENERAL PROVISIONS Applicability § 110.01-2 OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to...

46 CFR 110.01-2 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 110.01-2 Section 110.01-2 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING GENERAL PROVISIONS Applicability § 110.01-2 OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to...

46 CFR 110.01-2 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 110.01-2 Section 110.01-2 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING GENERAL PROVISIONS Applicability § 110.01-2 OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to...

46 CFR 61.30-20 - Automatic control and safety tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Automatic control and safety tests. 61.30-20 Section 61.30-20 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PERIODIC TESTS AND INSPECTIONS Tests and Inspections of Fired Thermal Fluid Heaters § 61.30-20 Automatic control and safety tests. Operational tests and check...

46 CFR 188.01-15 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 188.01-15 Section 188.01-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Authority and Purpose § 188.01-15 OMB control numbers assigned...

46 CFR 188.01-15 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 188.01-15 Section 188.01-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Authority and Purpose § 188.01-15 OMB control numbers assigned...

46 CFR 188.01-15 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 188.01-15 Section 188.01-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Authority and Purpose § 188.01-15 OMB control numbers assigned...

46 CFR 188.01-15 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 188.01-15 Section 188.01-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Authority and Purpose § 188.01-15 OMB control numbers assigned...

46 CFR 188.01-15 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 188.01-15 Section 188.01-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Authority and Purpose § 188.01-15 OMB control numbers assigned...

46 CFR 110.01-2 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 110.01-2 Section 110.01-2 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING GENERAL PROVISIONS Applicability § 110.01-2 OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to...

46 CFR 110.01-2 - OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act. 110.01-2 Section 110.01-2 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING GENERAL PROVISIONS Applicability § 110.01-2 OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to...

46 CFR 565.8 - Special permission.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Special permission. 565.8 Section 565.8 Shipping FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS AND ACTIONS TO ADDRESS RESTRICTIVE FOREIGN MARITIME PRACTICES CONTROLLED CARRIERS § 565.8 Special permission. Section 8(d) of the Shipping Act of 1984 (46 U.S.C. 40501(e...

46 CFR 310.4 - Training Ship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... mooring. When the Training Ship is not on cruise, the Commanding Officer or Superintendent shall keep the.... Before a Training Ship is released to a School and manned by officers under State control, a condition... damage (except in an emergency, when on foreign cruise), the Commanding Officer or Superintendent shall...

46 CFR 310.4 - Training Ship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... mooring. When the Training Ship is not on cruise, the Commanding Officer or Superintendent shall keep the.... Before a Training Ship is released to a School and manned by officers under State control, a condition... damage (except in an emergency, when on foreign cruise), the Commanding Officer or Superintendent shall...

46 CFR 310.4 - Training Ship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... mooring. When the Training Ship is not on cruise, the Commanding Officer or Superintendent shall keep the.... Before a Training Ship is released to a School and manned by officers under State control, a condition... damage (except in an emergency, when on foreign cruise), the Commanding Officer or Superintendent shall...

46 CFR 310.4 - Training Ship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... mooring. When the Training Ship is not on cruise, the Commanding Officer or Superintendent shall keep the.... Before a Training Ship is released to a School and manned by officers under State control, a condition... damage (except in an emergency, when on foreign cruise), the Commanding Officer or Superintendent shall...

46 CFR 310.4 - Training Ship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... mooring. When the Training Ship is not on cruise, the Commanding Officer or Superintendent shall keep the.... Before a Training Ship is released to a School and manned by officers under State control, a condition... damage (except in an emergency, when on foreign cruise), the Commanding Officer or Superintendent shall...

46 CFR 565.5 - Exceptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Exceptions. 565.5 Section 565.5 Shipping FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS AND ACTIONS TO ADDRESS RESTRICTIVE FOREIGN MARITIME PRACTICES CONTROLLED CARRIERS § 565.5 Exceptions. All controlled carriers shall be subject to provisions of this part and...

46 CFR 565.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 565.2 Section 565.2 Shipping FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS AND ACTIONS TO ADDRESS RESTRICTIVE FOREIGN MARITIME PRACTICES CONTROLLED CARRIERS § 565.2 Definitions. (a) Controlled carrier means an ocean common carrier that is, or whose...

46 CFR 39.20-3 - Cargo gauging system-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cargo gauging system-TB/ALL. 39.20-3 Section 39.20-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS VAPOR CONTROL SYSTEMS Design and... control areas on the tank barge. ...

46 CFR 39.20-3 - Cargo gauging system-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Cargo gauging system-TB/ALL. 39.20-3 Section 39.20-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS VAPOR CONTROL SYSTEMS Design and... control areas on the tank barge. ...

46 CFR 39.20-3 - Cargo gauging system-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Cargo gauging system-TB/ALL. 39.20-3 Section 39.20-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS VAPOR CONTROL SYSTEMS Design and... control areas on the tank barge. ...

46 CFR 386.11 - Alcoholic beverages and controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Alcoholic beverages and controlled substances. 386.11 Section 386.11 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MISCELLANEOUS REGULATIONS GOVERNING PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS AT THE UNITED STATES MERCHANT MARINE ACADEMY § 386.11 Alcoholic...

Critical parts are stored and shipped in environmentally controlled reusable container

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kummerfeld, K. R.

1966-01-01

Environmentally controlled, hermetically sealed, reusable metal cabinet with storage drawers is used to ship and store sensitive electronic, pneumatic, or hydraulic parts or medical supplies under extreme weather or handling conditions. This container is compatible with on-site and transportation handling facilities.

Environmental and health benefits from designating the Marmara Sea and the Turkish Straits as an emission control area (ECA).

PubMed

Viana, M; Fann, N; Tobías, A; Querol, X; Rojas-Rueda, D; Plaza, A; Aynos, G; Conde, J A; Fernández, L; Fernández, C

2015-03-17

Ship emissions degrade air quality and affect human health, and are increasingly becoming a matter of concern. Sulfur emission control areas (ECA), specific coastal regions where only low-sulfur fuels may be consumed by ocean-going ships, have proven to be useful tools to reduce ship-sourced air pollution along the North American, Canadian, and European North and Baltic Sea coastlines. The present work assesses the environmental and health benefits which would derive from designating an ECA in the Marmara Sea and the Turkish Straits (50 000 ships/year; 23 million inhabitants). Results show evidence that implementing an ECA would be technically viable and that it would reduce ship-sourced PM10 and PM2.5 ambient concentrations in Istanbul by 67%, and SO2 by 90%. The reduction of the air pollution burden on health was quantified as 210 hospital admissions from exposure to PM10, 290 hospital admissions from exposure to SO2, and up to 30 premature deaths annually due to ECA emission controls. Consequently, the designation of an ECA in the Marmara Sea and the Turkish Straits is evaluated as a positive, technically viable and real-world measure to reduce air pollution from ships in Turkey.

Gravity at sea--A memoir of a marine geophysicist.

PubMed

Tomoda, Yoshibumi

2010-01-01

A history of studies on the gravity measurements at sea in Japan is reviewed with an emphasis on the contribution of the author. The first successful measurements at sea were made in 1923 by Vening Meinesz in the Netherlands using the pendulum apparatus installed in a submarine. However, the gravity measurements using a submarine are not convenient because the access to a submarine is limited. Professor Chuji Tsuboi made a number of unsuccessful attempts at developing a gravity meter that can be operated on a normal surface ship by reducing the noise by minimizing the motion of the gravity meter through a mechanical design. I have chosen a new approach toward the measurements of gravity on a surface ship by simplifying the mechanical part using a string gravity meter that was installed directly on a vertical gyroscope in combination with the numerical and/or electronic reduction of noises. With this gravity meter TSSG (Tokyo Surface Ship Gravity Meter), we firstly succeeded in measuring gravity at sea onboard a surface ship in July 1961 and the measurements have been extended to the northwestern Pacific and beyond. The results reveal the fine structures of gravity field in and around trenches that provide important clues as to a number of geodynamic issues including the nature of the trench-trench interaction and the interaction of trenches with seamounts.

Gravity at sea —A memoir of a marine geophysicist—

PubMed Central

TOMODA, Yoshibumi

2010-01-01

A history of studies on the gravity measurements at sea in Japan is reviewed with an emphasis on the contribution of the author. The first successful measurements at sea were made in 1923 by Vening Meinesz in the Netherlands using the pendulum apparatus installed in a submarine. However, the gravity measurements using a submarine are not convenient because the access to a submarine is limited. Professor Chuji Tsuboi made a number of unsuccessful attempts at developing a gravity meter that can be operated on a normal surface ship by reducing the noise by minimizing the motion of the gravity meter through a mechanical design. I have chosen a new approach toward the measurements of gravity on a surface ship by simplifying the mechanical part using a string gravity meter that was installed directly on a vertical gyroscope in combination with the numerical and/or electronic reduction of noises. With this gravity meter TSSG (Tokyo Surface Ship Gravity Meter), we firstly succeeded in measuring gravity at sea onboard a surface ship in July 1961 and the measurements have been extended to the northwestern Pacific and beyond. The results reveal the fine structures of gravity field in and around trenches that provide important clues as to a number of geodynamic issues including the nature of the trench-trench interaction and the interaction of trenches with seamounts. PMID:20948173

46 CFR Sec. 3 - Standby agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Standby agreements. Sec. 3 Section 3 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION B-CONTROL AND UTILIZATION OF PORTS FEDERAL PORT CONTROLLERS Sec. 3 Standby agreements. The Director, NSA, may negotiate the standard form of service agreement, specified in...

46 CFR Sec. 3 - Standby agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Standby agreements. Sec. 3 Section 3 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION B-CONTROL AND UTILIZATION OF PORTS FEDERAL PORT CONTROLLERS Sec. 3 Standby agreements. The Director, NSA, may negotiate the standard form of service agreement, specified in...

Elliptical Acoustic Particle Motion in Underwater Waveguides

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-27

Folkert, ”Tracking sperm whales with a towed acoustic vector sensor,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 128, Issue 5, pp. 2681-2694 (2010). 2 Santos, P...modal amplitudes Bm and Cm are weak functions of frequency and range independent. This holds for any normal mode description of the acoustic field in a...wavelengths. Error in measurement aside, the frequency range relation- ship described by the waveguide invariant holds for any directional component of I

Report on the Second ARM Mobile Facility (AMF2) Stabilization Platform: Control Strategy and Implementation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Coulter, Richard J.; Martin, Timothy J.

One of the primary objectives of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility’s second Mobile Facility (AMF2) is to obtain reliable measurements from ocean-going vessels. A pillar of the AMF2 strategy in this effort is the use of a stable platform for those instruments that 1) need to look directly at, or be shaded from, direct sunlight or 2) require a truly vertical orientation. Some ARM instruments that fall into these categories include the Multi-Filter Rotating Shadow Band Radiometer (MFRSR) and the Total Sky Imager (TSI), both of which have a shadow band mechanism, upward-lookingmore » radiometry that should be exposed only to the sky, a Microwave Radiometer (MWR) that looks vertically and at specified tilt angles, and vertically pointing radars, for which the vertical component of motion is critically important. During the design and construction phase of AMF2, an inexpensive stable platform was purchased to perform the stabilization tasks for some of these instruments. Computer programs were developed to communicate with the platform controller and with an inertial measurements platform that measures true ship motion components (roll, pitch, yaw, surge, sway, and heave). The platform was then tested on a 3-day cruise aboard the RV Connecticut during June 16-18, 2010, off the east coast of the United States. This initial test period was followed by continued development of the platform control strategy and implementation as time permitted. This is a report of the results of these efforts and the critical points in moving forward.« less

Population Differences in Postural Response Strategy Associated with Exposure to a Novel Continuous Perturbation Stimuli: Would Dancers Have Better Balance on a Boat?

PubMed

Duncan, Carolyn A; Ingram, Tony G J; Mansfield, Avril; Byrne, Jeannette M; McIlroy, William E

2016-01-01

Central or postural set theory suggests that the central nervous system uses short term, trial to trial adaptation associated with repeated exposure to a perturbation in order to improve postural responses and stability. It is not known if longer-term prior experiences requiring challenging balance control carryover as long-term adaptations that influence ability to react in response to novel stimuli. The purpose of this study was to determine if individuals who had long-term exposure to balance instability, such as those who train on specific skills that demand balance control, will have improved ability to adapt to complex continuous multidirectional perturbations. Healthy adults from three groups: 1) experienced maritime workers (n = 14), 2) novice individuals with no experience working in maritime environments (n = 12) and 3) individuals with training in dance (n = 13) participated in the study. All participants performed a stationary standing task while being exposed to five 6 degree of freedom motions designed to mimic the motions of a ship at sea. The balance reactions (change-in-support (CS) event occurrences and characteristics) were compared between groups. Results indicate dancers demonstrated significantly fewer CS events than novices during the first trial, but did not perform as well as those with offshore experience. Linear trend analyses revealed that short-term adaptation across all five trials was dependent on the nature of participant experience, with dancers achieving postural stability earlier than novices, but later than those with offshore experience. These results suggest that long term previous experiences also have a significant influence on the neural control of posture and balance in the development of compensatory responses.

SHIP1-expressing mesenchymal stem cells regulate hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis and lineage commitment during aging.

PubMed

Iyer, Sonia; Brooks, Robert; Gumbleton, Matthew; Kerr, William G

2015-05-01

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and lineage choice are subject to intrinsic control. However, this intrinsic regulation is also impacted by external cues provided by niche cells. There are multiple cellular components that participate in HSC support with the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) playing a pivotal role. We had previously identified a role for SH2 domain-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase-1 (SHIP1) in HSC niche function through analysis of mice with germline or induced SHIP1 deficiency. In this study, we show that the HSC compartment expands significantly when aged in a niche that contains SHIP1-deficient MSC; however, this expanded HSC compartment exhibits a strong bias toward myeloid differentiation. In addition, we show that SHIP1 prevents chronic G-CSF production by the aging MSC compartment. These findings demonstrate that intracellular signaling by SHIP1 in MSC is critical for the control of HSC output and lineage commitment during aging. These studies increase our understanding of how myeloid bias occurs in aging and thus could have implications for the development of myeloproliferative disease in aging.

46 CFR 565.6 - Level of rates and charges generally.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Level of rates and charges generally. 565.6 Section 565.6 Shipping FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS AND ACTIONS TO ADDRESS RESTRICTIVE FOREIGN MARITIME PRACTICES CONTROLLED CARRIERS § 565.6 Level of rates and charges generally. No controlled carrier...

46 CFR Sec. 2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. Sec. 2 Section 2 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION B-CONTROL AND UTILIZATION OF PORTS FEDERAL PORT CONTROLLERS Sec. 2... department of the United States) in time of emergency to meet the needs of the national defense and maintain...

46 CFR 58.25-70 - Steering-gear control systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Steering-gear control systems. 58.25-70 Section 58.25-70 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING MAIN AND AUXILIARY... gear must be operable from the pilothouse by mechanical, hydraulic, electrical, or other means...

46 CFR 58.25-70 - Steering-gear control systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Steering-gear control systems. 58.25-70 Section 58.25-70 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING MAIN AND AUXILIARY... gear must be operable from the pilothouse by mechanical, hydraulic, electrical, or other means...

46 CFR 58.25-70 - Steering-gear control systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Steering-gear control systems. 58.25-70 Section 58.25-70 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING MAIN AND AUXILIARY... gear must be operable from the pilothouse by mechanical, hydraulic, electrical, or other means...

46 CFR 153.201 - Openings to accommodation, service or control spaces.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Openings to accommodation, service or control spaces... DANGEROUS CARGOES SHIPS CARRYING BULK LIQUID, LIQUEFIED GAS, OR COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Design... spaces. (a) Except as allowed in paragraph (b) of this section, entrances, ventilation intakes and...

46 CFR 153.201 - Openings to accommodation, service or control spaces.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Openings to accommodation, service or control spaces... DANGEROUS CARGOES SHIPS CARRYING BULK LIQUID, LIQUEFIED GAS, OR COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Design... spaces. (a) Except as allowed in paragraph (b) of this section, entrances, ventilation intakes and...

46 CFR 153.201 - Openings to accommodation, service or control spaces.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Openings to accommodation, service or control spaces... DANGEROUS CARGOES SHIPS CARRYING BULK LIQUID, LIQUEFIED GAS, OR COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Design... spaces. (a) Except as allowed in paragraph (b) of this section, entrances, ventilation intakes and...

46 CFR 153.201 - Openings to accommodation, service or control spaces.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Openings to accommodation, service or control spaces... DANGEROUS CARGOES SHIPS CARRYING BULK LIQUID, LIQUEFIED GAS, OR COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Design... spaces. (a) Except as allowed in paragraph (b) of this section, entrances, ventilation intakes and...

46 CFR 153.201 - Openings to accommodation, service or control spaces.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Openings to accommodation, service or control spaces... DANGEROUS CARGOES SHIPS CARRYING BULK LIQUID, LIQUEFIED GAS, OR COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Design... spaces. (a) Except as allowed in paragraph (b) of this section, entrances, ventilation intakes and...

46 CFR 185.320 - Steering gear, controls, and communication system tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Steering gear, controls, and communication system tests. 185.320 Section 185.320 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS (UNDER 100 GROSS TONS) OPERATIONS Miscellaneous Operating Requirements § 185.320 Steering...

The U.S. Navy’s Military Sealift Command 2008 in Review

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

performing mission duties. We’ll also accept more CIVMAR-crewed Lewis and Clark-class dry cargo /ammunition ships into the MSC fleet. USNSAmelia Earhart...Michelle Thompson plots a course for the ship during a November 2007 mission near San Diego. Photo by Sarah E. Burford. Above: MSC dry cargo / ammunition...chartered dry cargo ship MV American Tern in Virginia. Photo by Lt. Penny Cockerell. MSC ships under SEALOGLANT operational control participated in a

Kinematics and Dynamics of Motion Control Based on Acceleration Control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ohishi, Kiyoshi; Ohba, Yuzuru; Katsura, Seiichiro

The first IEEE International Workshop on Advanced Motion Control was held in 1990 pointed out the importance of physical interpretation of motion control. The software servoing technology is now common in machine tools, robotics, and mechatronics. It has been intensively developed for the numerical control (NC) machines. Recently, motion control in unknown environment will be more and more important. Conventional motion control is not always suitable due to the lack of adaptive capability to the environment. A more sophisticated ability in motion control is necessary for compliant contact with environment. Acceleration control is the key technology of motion control in unknown environment. The acceleration control can make a motion system to be a zero control stiffness system without losing the robustness. Furthermore, a realization of multi-degree-of-freedom motion is necessary for future human assistance. A human assistant motion will require various control stiffness corresponding to the task. The review paper focuses on the modal coordinate system to integrate the various control stiffness in the virtual axes. A bilateral teleoperation is a good candidate to consider the future human assistant motion and integration of decentralized systems. Thus the paper reviews and discusses the bilateral teleoperation from the control stiffness and the modal control design points of view.

New constraints on the Neogene plate kinematics of West and East Antarctica

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Granot, R.; Dyment, J.; Szitkar, F.

2016-12-01

The motion between East and West Antarctic Plates during the last 26 million years (post-Adare seafloor spreading) is loosely constrained, and although it is often considered negligible, accumulating observations from along the rift system suggest that significant faulting and transtensional motion have occurred in that period. Part of the reason for this uncertainty is the complicated kinematic evolution of the oceanic crust found north of the Ross Sea and the lack of proper magnetic anomaly data at key tectonic locations. We have conducted a series of two cruises (TACT project) aboard M/V L'Astrolabe, the supply ship of Dumont d'Urville French Antarctic station, in February-March of 2012 and 2016 during which we have acquired total field magnetic profiles oriented along flowline direction and straddling the Tasman spreading corridor, located between Tasmania and the Balleny Islands and the Tasman and Balleny FZs. The new data allow us to refine the overall motion of the Macquarie Plate relative to Australia. After correction of this motion, the Tasman corridor, lying west of the Balleny FZ uncovers the Australia-East Antarctic plate motion, and the Balleny corridor, lying east of the FZ uncovers the Australia-West Antarctic plate motion, reveal a mismatched anomaly pattern that result from the Neogene relative plate motion between East and West Antarctica. We combine these new observations together with geological constraints from within the west Antarctic rift system to compute new rotation parameters that describe the relative plate motion between West and East Antarctica for the last 26 million years.

Ship recycling and marine pollution.

PubMed

Chang, Yen-Chiang; Wang, Nannan; Durak, Onur Sabri

2010-09-01

This paper discusses the historical background, structure and enforcement of the '2009 Hong Kong International Convention on the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships.' the 2009 Hong Kong Convention establishes control and enforcement instruments related to ship recycling, determining the control rights of Port States and the obligations of Flag States, Parties and recycling facilities under its jurisdiction. The Convention also controls the communication and exchange of information procedures, establishes a reporting system to be used upon the completion of recycling, and outlines an auditing system for detecting violations. The Convention, however, also contains some deficiencies. This paper concludes these deficiencies will eventually influence the final acceptance of this Convention by the international community. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

77 FR 39705 - Information Collection(s) Being Submitted for Review and Approval to the Office of Management and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-05

.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: OMB Control Number: 3060-0228. Title: Section 80.59, Compulsory Ship Inspections and Ship Inspection Certificates. Form Numbers: FCC Forms 806, 824, 827 and 829. Type of Review: Revision... States where an inspection can be held. An information application must be submitted by the ship's owner...

26 CFR 1.955A-2 - Amount of a controlled foreign corporation's qualified investments in foreign base company...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... insure a source of supplies or services used in the conduct of foreign base company shipping operations... qualified investments in foreign base company shipping operations. 1.955A-2 Section 1.955A-2 Internal... investments in foreign base company shipping operations. (a) Qualified investments—(1) In general. Under...