Arms Control and Nonproliferation: A Catalog of Treaties and Agreements

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-29

U.S. security concerns. The United States and Soviet Union began to sign agreements limiting their strategic offensive nuclear weapons in the early...Russian relationship. At the same time, however, the two sides began to cooperate on securing and eliminating Soviet-era nuclear , chemical, and...the former Soviet Union. The United States is also a leader of an international regime that attempts to limit the spread of nuclear weapons. This

Arms Control and Nonproliferation: A Catalog of Treaties and Agreements

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-01

security concerns. The United States and Soviet Union began to sign agreements limiting their strategic offensive nuclear weapons in the early 1970s...Russian relationship. At the same time, however, the two sides began to cooperate on securing and eliminating Soviet-era nuclear , chemical, and biological...former Soviet Union. The United States is also a leader of an international regime that attempts to limit the spread of nuclear weapons. This regime

Safety and licensing of a small modular gas-cooled reactor system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brown, N.W.; Kelley, A.P. Jr.

A modular side-by-side high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (SBS-HTGR) is being developed by Interatom/Kraftwerk Union (KWU). The General Electric Company and Interatom/KWU entered into a proprietary working agreement to continue develop jointly of the SBS-HTGR. A study on adapting the SBS-HTGR for application in the US has been completed. The study investigated the safety characteristics and the use of this type of design in an innovative approach to licensing. The safety objective guiding the design of the modular SBS-HTGR is to control radionuclide release by the retention of fission products within the fuel particles with minimal reliance on active design features. Themore » philosophy on which this objective is predicated is that by providing a simple safety case, the safety criteria can be demonstrated as being met with high confidence through conduct of a full-scale module safety test.« less

CONSANGUINITY AND INBREEDING COEFFICIENT IN TRIBAL PASHTUNS INHABITING THE TURBULENT AND WAR-AFFECTED TERRITORY OF BAJAUR AGENCY, NORTH-WEST PAKISTAN.

PubMed

Ahmad, Bashir; Rehman, Atta Ur; Malik, Sajid

2016-01-01

The north-western populations of Pakistan in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) adjoining the Pakistan-Afghanistan border are an amalgamation of native and migrated Pashtun tribes. These tribal populations are in transition due to war conditions and geo-political turmoil on both sides of the border since the Soviet invasion in 1979. Bio-demographic and epidemiological data for these tribes are scarce. A prospective cross-sectional sample of 967 males was selected from a representative Pashtun population of Bajaur Agency, and information obtained on bio-demographic variables and marital union types. Analysis of these data revealed that consanguinity was 22.34% and the inbreeding coefficient F was calculated to be 0.0134. The inbreeding coefficient was observed to be higher in subjects who were illiterate, had unskilled jobs and who belonged to younger age categories, extended families and the Tarkalani tribe. Further analyses with respect to temporal variables like subject's age, year of marriage and age at marriage revealed that after a transition in marital union types in the early 80s, there has been a declining trend in the rate of consanguineous unions. Further, consanguineous unions in the parental generation were only 5%, but parental marriage types were predictors of subjects' marital union types. The data further establish that, contrary to a general notion about a high consanguinity rate in Pakistan, consanguineous unions are not common in Bajaur Agency and first cousin marriage is not the preferred type. Furthermore, this research shows that there is a great regional variation in the pattern of consanguinity in Pakistan that needs to be documented in order to draw a more comprehensive picture of the inbreeding coefficient in the country.

Mirror, Mirror on the Wall: Examining the National Association of Scholars and Teachers for Democratic Culture Debate.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allen, Mike; Tollefson, Michael

This paper considers the ongoing debate between two organizations (National Association of Scholars and Teachers for a Democratic Culture) in higher education. The rhetorical positions of each side resemble those of the "cold war" between the United States and the Soviet Union of the 1950s and 1960s where each side created a mirror image…

Tackle technique and tackle-related injuries in high-level South African Rugby Union under-18 players: real-match video analysis.

PubMed

Burger, Nicholas; Lambert, Michael I; Viljoen, Wayne; Brown, James C; Readhead, Clint; Hendricks, Sharief

2016-08-01

The high injury rate associated with rugby union is primarily due to the tackle, and poor contact technique has been identified as a risk factor for injury. We aimed to determine whether the tackle technique proficiency scores were different in injurious tackles versus tackles that did not result in injury using real-match scenarios in high-level youth rugby union. Injury surveillance was conducted at the under-18 Craven Week tournaments (2011-2013). Tackle-related injury information was used to identify injury events in the match video footage and non-injury events were identified for the injured player cohort. Injury and non-injury events were scored for technique proficiency and Cohen's effect sizes were calculated and the Student t test (p<0.05) was performed to compare injury versus non-injury scores. The overall mean score for front-on ball-carrier proficiency was 7.17±1.90 and 9.02±2.15 for injury and non-injury tackle events, respectively (effect size=moderate; p<0.05). The overall mean score for side/behind ball-carrier proficiency was 4.09±2.12 and 7.68±1.72 for injury and non-injury tackle events, respectively (effect size=large; p<0.01). The overall mean score for front-on tackler proficiency was 7.00±1.95 and 9.35±2.56 for injury and non-injury tackle events, respectively (effect size=moderate; p<0.05). The overall mean score for side/behind tackler proficiency was 5.47±1.60 and 8.14±1.75 for injury and non-injury tackle events, respectively (effect size=large; p<0.01). Higher overall mean and criterion-specific tackle-related technique scores were associated with a non-injury outcome. The ability to perform well during tackle events may decrease the risk of injury and may manifest in superior performance. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

Effects of neck strength training on isometric neck strength in rugby union players.

PubMed

Geary, Kevin; Green, Brian S; Delahunt, Eamonn

2014-11-01

To investigate the effectiveness of a neck strengthening program on the isometric neck strength profile of male rugby union players. Controlled laboratory study. Professional rugby union club. Fifteen professional and 10 semiprofessional rugby union players. The 15 professional players undertook a 5-week neck strengthening intervention, which was performed twice per week, whereas the 10 semiprofessional players acted as the control group. Isometric strength of the neck musculature was tested using a hand-held dynamometer, for flexion (F), extension (E), left-side flexion (LSF), and right-side flexion (RSF). Preintervention and postintervention evaluations were undertaken. No significant between-group differences in isometric neck strength were noted preintervention. A significant main effect for time was observed (P < 0.05), whereby the intervention group increased isometric neck strength in all planes after the 5-week intervention (F preintervention = 334.45 ± 39.31 N vs F postintervention 396.05 ± 75.55 N; E preintervention = 606.19 ± 97.34 vs E postintervention = 733.88 ± 127.16 N; LSF preintervention = 555.56 ± 88.34 N vs LSF postintervention = 657.14 ± 122.99 N; RSF preintervention = 570.00 ± 106.53 N vs RSF postintervention = 668.00 ± 142.18 N). No significant improvement in neck strength was observed for control group participants. The results of the present study indicate that a 5-week neck strengthening program improves isometric neck strength in rugby union players, which may have implications for injury prevention, screening, and rehabilitation. The strengthening program described in the present study may facilitate rehabilitation specialists in the development of neck injury prevention, screening, and rehabilitation protocols.

15. WEST SIDE OF 1900 BLOCK, PACIFIC AVE. FROM RIGHT; ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

15. WEST SIDE OF 1900 BLOCK, PACIFIC AVE. FROM RIGHT; 1920-22 PACIFIC AVE., WIEGAL COMPANY CANDY FACTORY (1904); 1924-26 PACIFIC AVE., CAMPBELL BUILDING (DAVIS BUILDING) (1890); 1928-30 PACIFIC AVE., REESE-CRANDALL & REDMAN BUILDING, (1890); 1932-36 PACIFIC AVE., MC DONALD & SMITH BUILDING (1890); 1938-48 PACIFIC AVE., F.S. HARMON COMPANY WAREHOUSE (1908), DESIGNED BY CARL AUGUST DARMER. - Union Depot Area Study, Tacoma, Pierce County, WA

Modification of Agility Running Technique in Reaction to a Defender in Rugby Union

PubMed Central

Wheeler, Keane W.; Sayers, Mark G.L.

2010-01-01

Three-dimensional kinematic analysis examined agility running technique during pre-planned and reactive performance conditions specific to attacking ball carries in rugby union. The variation to running technique of 8 highly trained rugby union players was compared between agility conditions (pre-planned and reactive) and also agility performance speeds (fast, moderate and slow). Kinematic measures were used to determine the velocity of the centre of mass (COM) in the anteroposterior (running speed) and mediolateral (lateral movement speed) planes. The position of foot-strike and toe-off was also examined for the step prior to the agility side- step (pre-change of direction phase) and then the side-step (change of direction phase). This study demonstrated that less lateral movement speed towards the intended direction change occurred during reactive compared to pre-planned conditions at pre-change of direction (0.08 ± 0.28 m·s-1 and 0.42 ± 0.25 m·s-1, respectively) and change of direction foot-strikes (0.25 ± 0.42 m·s-1 and 0.69 ± 0.43 m·s-1, respectively). Less lateral movement speed during reactive conditions was associated with greater lateral foot displacement (44.52 ± 6.10% leg length) at the change of direction step compared to pre-planned conditions (41.35 ± 5.85%). Importantly, the anticipation abilities during reactive conditions provided a means to differentiate between speeds of agility performance, with faster performances displaying greater lateral movement speed at the change of direction foot- strike (0.52 ± 0.34 m·s-1) compared to moderate (0.20 ± 0.37 m·s-1) and slow (-0.08 ± 0.31 m·s-1). The changes to running technique during reactive conditions highlight the need to incorporate decision-making in rugby union agility programs. Key points Changes to running technique occur when required to make a decision. Fast agility performers use different stepping strategies in reactive conditions. Decision-making must be incorporated in agility training programs. PMID:24149639

31. Historic American Buildings Survey E. R. Pearson, Photographer 1972 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

31. Historic American Buildings Survey E. R. Pearson, Photographer 1972 CLOTHES ROOM, FIRST ATTIC, SOUTHEAST CORNER, LOOKING EAST - Shaker Centre Family Dwelling House, West side of U.S. Route 68, South Union, Logan County, KY

Dissolution of first unions in Colombia, Panama, and Peru.

PubMed

Goldman, N

1981-11-01

An analysis of marital histories from World Fertility Survey data in Colombia, Panama, and Peru indicates a high level of union dissolution: the probabilities of a first union ending by separation within twenty years of the onset of union equal .27, .40, and .18 in the three countries respectively. Dissolution probabilities are especially high among women with young ages at first union and among women residing in urban areas. For all subgroups studied, consensual unions are characterized by several times the risk of separation of legal marriages. Consensual unions are especially frequent among women in rural areas, women with little education and women who enter unions at young ages. The different prevalence of consensual unions among the different subgroups affects the associations between union stability and various correlates so that it becomes essential to investigate the factors affecting union stability for both consensual unions and legal marriages. In spite of high dissolution rates, remarriage rates in all three countries are also high, as are the percentages of time spent in a union. Hence, the potential effects of voluntary disruption of unions on fertility appear to be modest.

Profile of an American amateur rugby union sevens series.

PubMed

Lopez, Victor; Galano, Gregory J; Black, Christopher M; Gupta, Arun T; James, Douglas E; Kelleher, Kristen M; Allen, Answorth A

2012-01-01

Rugby union will enter the Olympic arena as Rugby Sevens in 2016. To investigate the injury rate, injury type, and nature of injuries sustained in an amateur American rugby union sevens tournament series. Descriptive epidemiology study. The rate, demographics, and characteristics of injury were evaluated in 1536 rugby union sevens players, from 128 sides, competing in 4 amateur 1-day tournaments in a USA Rugby local area rugby union. Forty-eight injuries occurred over 4 tournaments, for an injury rate of 55.4 injuries per 1000 playing hours. Head and neck injuries were most common (33.3% of injuries), followed by upper extremity (31.3%), trunk (18.8%), lower extremity (14.6%), and physiologic injuries (2.1%). The most common type of injury was ligament sprain (25.0%); followed by concussion (14.6%), hematoma/contusion (12.5%), muscle strain (10.4%), and abrasion (8.3%). Tackling was the most common mechanism of injury (74.5%). Males were injured at a significantly higher rate than females (RR, 7.5, P < .01), but no significant difference was observed based on player position (P = .08). Injuries are common among American amateur rugby athletes, with a substantial proportion involving the head and neck region. Understanding injury patterns in an American rugby union will be important for formulating future injury prevention, assessment, and treatment protocols.

A Review of a Decade of Rugby Union Injury Epidemiology: 2007-2017.

PubMed

Viviers, Pierre L; Viljoen, Jeandré T; Derman, Wayne

Rugby union is the most widely played team collision sport globally. As with other contact sports, there is substantial risk of injury. To date, the majority of studies on injury epidemiology have focused on elite male cohorts, which inherently prevents extrapolation of research findings to other groups within the player continuum. This review aims to describe emerging injury trends across the spectrum of various rugby union subpopulations and to highlight gaps that may influence future injury prevention tactics. Relevant articles published from 2007 to 2017 were obtained by searching MEDLINE, PubMed, and SPORT Discus. Studies on 15-a-side rugby union, implemented according to the 2007 consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures for injuries in rugby union, were used. Clinical review. Level 3. Match injuries occur more frequently than training injuries. Injury rates increase consistently according to age and level of play. Severity of injury often is greater among lower levels of the game, and sex-specific differences relating to injury patterns and incidence rates exist. To date, a paucity of injury surveillance data exists for women and players of both sexes at all levels of community rugby union. Furthermore, the incidence of injuries and illnesses are poorly reported in epidemiological studies. Despite methodological differences, injury trends remain consistent throughout all levels of play.

Elevation and plan of east side entrance. San Bernardino Valley ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Elevation and plan of east side entrance. San Bernardino Valley Union Junior College, Library Building. Also includes sections II and SS of entrance hall; and a stress diagram of steel truss. Howard E. Jones, Architect, San Bernardino, California. Sheet 7, job no. 315. Scale 1/2 inch to the foot. No date given on sheet (probably March or April, 1927). - San Bernardino Valley College, Library, 701 South Mount Vernon Avenue, San Bernardino, San Bernardino County, CA

Aerobic power and field test results of amateur 15-a-side rugby union players.

PubMed

Sant'anna, Ricardo T; de Souza Castro, Flávio A

2017-12-01

The aim of the present study was to verify whether it is possible to predict aerobic power in amateur 15-a-side rugby union players through the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IRT1) and the 5-meter Multiple Shuttle Test (5-m MST). Forty-two amateur players - 22 forwards and 20 backs - were evaluated in three phases: 1) maximum treadmill test in the laboratory; 2) field test set by a drawing in the first phase; and 3) second field test. Descriptive, comparison, correlation, regression and level of agreement analyses were performed. Backs, when compared to forwards, showed a higher VO2max (61.7±15 mL/kg/min and 51.6±10.1 mL/kg/min, respectively), Yo-Yo IRT1 final level (16.4±0.8 and 14.9±0.9, respectively) and Yo-Yo IRT1 total distance (1283.3±312.5 m and 792±277.6 m, respectively), and a higher final distance in the 5-m MST (686.8±36.6 and 642.9±46.5, respectively). Significant correlations were found between the result and the total distance on the Yo-Yo IRT1 and the VO2max (r=0.425 and r=0.459, respectively). Using the total distance covered in the Yo-Yo IRT1, the VO2max of amateur 15-a-side rugby union players can be estimated through the equation VO2max = 0.016 × (DIST Yo‑Yo) + 40.578. Yo-Yo IRT1 is most useful when the objective is to evaluate the aerobic power of amateur RU players in comparison with the 5-m MST.

High dose teriparatide (rPTH1-34) therapy increases callus volume and enhances radiographic healing at 8-weeks in a massive canine femoral allograft model.

PubMed

Nishitani, Kohei; Mietus, Zachary; Beck, Christopher A; Ito, Hiromu; Matsuda, Shuichi; Awad, Hani A; Ehrhart, Nicole; Schwarz, Edward M

2017-01-01

Small animal studies have demonstrated significant high-dose recombinant parathyroid hormone1-34 (rPTH1-34) effects on intercalary allograft healing. Towards a human adjuvant therapy to decrease non-unions, we evaluated rPTH1-34 safety and efficacy in a clinically relevant canine femoral allograft model. Adult female mongrel hounds (n = 20) received a 5cm mid-diaphyseal osteotomy reconstructed with a plated allograft, and were randomized to: 1) Placebo (n = 5; daily saline), 2) Continuous rPTH1-34 (n = 7; 5 μg/kg/day s.c. from day 1-55 post-op), or 3) Delayed rPTH1-34 (n = 8; 5 μg/kg/day s.c. from day 14-28 post-op). Safety was assessed by physical behavior and blood calcium monitoring. Cone beam CT (CB-CT) was performed on days 14, 28 and 56 post-op to assess 2D cortical healing, 3D bone volume, and Union Ratio. Biomechanical testing and dynamic histomorphometry were also performed. The high drug dose was poorly tolerated, as most dogs receiving rPTH1-34 had to be given intravenous saline, and one dog died from hypercalcemia. Continuous rPTH1-34 significantly increased 2D healing and callus volumes at 4-weeks versus Placebo, and sustained the significant increase in cortical union at 8-week (p<0.05). These rPTH1-34 effects were confirmed by histomorphometry, revealing significant increases in mineral apposition rates (MAR) on host bone and graft-host junctions (p<0.05). Delayed rPTH1-34 significantly increased callus volume and MAR at 8 weeks (p<0.05). Although no biomechanical differences were observed, as expected for early healing, the results demonstrated that 2D RUST scoring significantly correlated with torsional biomechanics (p<0.01). In conclusion, 8-weeks of intermittent high-dose rPTH1-34 treatment significantly increases callus formation and accelerates bony union of intercalary massive allografts in a clinically relevant canine model, but with serious side-effects from hypercalcemia.

High dose teriparatide (rPTH1-34) therapy increases callus volume and enhances radiographic healing at 8-weeks in a massive canine femoral allograft model

PubMed Central

Mietus, Zachary; Beck, Christopher A.; Ito, Hiromu; Matsuda, Shuichi; Awad, Hani A.; Ehrhart, Nicole; Schwarz, Edward M.

2017-01-01

Small animal studies have demonstrated significant high-dose recombinant parathyroid hormone1-34 (rPTH1-34) effects on intercalary allograft healing. Towards a human adjuvant therapy to decrease non-unions, we evaluated rPTH1-34 safety and efficacy in a clinically relevant canine femoral allograft model. Adult female mongrel hounds (n = 20) received a 5cm mid-diaphyseal osteotomy reconstructed with a plated allograft, and were randomized to: 1) Placebo (n = 5; daily saline), 2) Continuous rPTH1-34 (n = 7; 5 μg/kg/day s.c. from day 1–55 post-op), or 3) Delayed rPTH1-34 (n = 8; 5 μg/kg/day s.c. from day 14–28 post-op). Safety was assessed by physical behavior and blood calcium monitoring. Cone beam CT (CB-CT) was performed on days 14, 28 and 56 post-op to assess 2D cortical healing, 3D bone volume, and Union Ratio. Biomechanical testing and dynamic histomorphometry were also performed. The high drug dose was poorly tolerated, as most dogs receiving rPTH1-34 had to be given intravenous saline, and one dog died from hypercalcemia. Continuous rPTH1-34 significantly increased 2D healing and callus volumes at 4-weeks versus Placebo, and sustained the significant increase in cortical union at 8-week (p<0.05). These rPTH1-34 effects were confirmed by histomorphometry, revealing significant increases in mineral apposition rates (MAR) on host bone and graft-host junctions (p<0.05). Delayed rPTH1-34 significantly increased callus volume and MAR at 8 weeks (p<0.05). Although no biomechanical differences were observed, as expected for early healing, the results demonstrated that 2D RUST scoring significantly correlated with torsional biomechanics (p<0.01). In conclusion, 8-weeks of intermittent high-dose rPTH1-34 treatment significantly increases callus formation and accelerates bony union of intercalary massive allografts in a clinically relevant canine model, but with serious side-effects from hypercalcemia. PMID:29020057

A Wi-Fi Union Mechanism for Internet Advertising Reciprocal Platform in Microenterprises.

PubMed

Nguyen, Thi Thanh An; Chang, Che-Pin; Yuan, Shyan-Ming

2017-07-13

With the evolution of the Internet and smartphone devices, Internet advertising has become one of the most important methods for delivering promotional marketing messages to customers. However, the efficiency of Internet advertising for microenterprise is not very high, since Wi-Fi advertising-which is limited by a small router coverage area-is mainly used. Moreover, because of the lack of money, microenterprises have been using low-cost methods to promote their products. Thus, enhancing the effectiveness of Wi-Fi advertising, and solving the problem of cost and the range of the views are now an essential investigation in this study. In this paper, we propose a reciprocal model with Wi-Fi union mechanism for Internet advertising based on fog computing architecture to enhance the efficiency of advertisement, reduce the cost, and increase the range of the views for microenterprise by using the Internet. In particular, the system was built in advertisers', publishers', and consumers' sides. In our system, we use contribution point (CP) as an exchange value among the participants. Advertisers and publishers can get CP by helping the others in the system to promote their advertisements, increasing their CP by one unit. Similarly, advertisers and publishers can use their CP to ask for assistance from the others, decreasing their CP by one unit. The result shows that the system in a Wi-Fi union is easy to use, and advertisements can be seen by all customers who are using free Wi-Fi from the stores of the union. This method can solve the problem of cost and fixed consumer groups.

A Wi-Fi Union Mechanism for Internet Advertising Reciprocal Platform in Microenterprises

PubMed Central

Nguyen, Thi Thanh An; Chang, Che-Pin

2017-01-01

With the evolution of the Internet and smartphone devices, Internet advertising has become one of the most important methods for delivering promotional marketing messages to customers. However, the efficiency of Internet advertising for microenterprise is not very high, since Wi-Fi advertising—which is limited by a small router coverage area—is mainly used. Moreover, because of the lack of money, microenterprises have been using low-cost methods to promote their products. Thus, enhancing the effectiveness of Wi-Fi advertising, and solving the problem of cost and the range of the views are now an essential investigation in this study. In this paper, we propose a reciprocal model with Wi-Fi union mechanism for Internet advertising based on fog computing architecture to enhance the efficiency of advertisement, reduce the cost, and increase the range of the views for microenterprise by using the Internet. In particular, the system was built in advertisers’, publishers’, and consumers’ sides. In our system, we use contribution point (CP) as an exchange value among the participants. Advertisers and publishers can get CP by helping the others in the system to promote their advertisements, increasing their CP by one unit. Similarly, advertisers and publishers can use their CP to ask for assistance from the others, decreasing their CP by one unit. The result shows that the system in a Wi-Fi union is easy to use, and advertisements can be seen by all customers who are using free Wi-Fi from the stores of the union. This method can solve the problem of cost and fixed consumer groups. PMID:28703761

[Effectiveness of mini locking plate combined with Kirschner wire in treatment of comminuted Jones fracture].

PubMed

Yan, Rongliang; Qu, Jiafu; Cao, Lihai; Liu, Hongda; Chen, Jianghua; Gao, Yan; Peng, Yi

2018-05-01

To summarize the effectiveness of mini locking plate combined with Kirschner wire in treatment of comminuted Jones fracture. Between January 2011 and October 2016, 25 cases with comminuted Jones fracture were treated with mini locking plate combined with Kirschner wire. There were 9 males and 16 females with an average age of 31.4 years (range, 16-66 years). The fractures located on the left side in 11 cases and on the right side in 14 cases. The causes of injury included spraining in 21 cases, falling down in 3 cases, and bruise in 1 case. The bone fragment of all cases was more than 3 pieces. The fracture line was mostly Y-shape or T-shape. Twelve of them were combined with other fractures. The time from injury to operation was 1-9 days (mean, 5 days). The mini locking plate and Kirschner wire were removed at 9-12 months postoperatively. At 12 months postoperatively, the pain was evaluated by the visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and the function by the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score. All incisions healed by first intention. All cases were followed up 12-36 months with an average of 21.7 months. Fracture union was observed in all patients without complications such as nonunion, delayed union, and malunion. The fracture union time was 8-12 weeks (mean, 9.4 weeks). At 12 months postoperatively, the VAS score was 1.15±0.87; the AOFAS score was 89.45±6.24, and the results were excellent in 14 cases, good in 9 cases, fair in 1 case, and poor in 1 case, with an excellent and good rate of 92%. The procedure of mini locking plate combined with Kirschner wire for comminuted Jones fracture has such advantages as convenient operation, more rigid fixation, high rate of fracture healing, and good functional recovery in foot.

Context view, looking southwest along the WelltonMohawk Canal. The wasteway ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Context view, looking southwest along the Wellton-Mohawk Canal. The wasteway is marked by the white posts on either side of the access road. The pipe across the canal safely carries storm runoff over the canal and is not part of Wasteway No. 1 - Wellton-Mohawk Irrigation System, Wasteway No. 1, Wellton-Mohawk Canal, North side of Wellton-Mohawk Canal, bounded by Gila River to North & the Union Pacific Railroad & Gila Mountains to south, Wellton, Yuma County, AZ

Worldwide Report, Arms Control

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-12-13

sides. Second, their implementation would make it possible to halt the further buildup of nuclear arsenals and to eventually eliminate them. Third ... space is not to be militarized, but should be kept exclusively for peaceful use for the good of all mankind. The Soviet Union has proposed to the U.S

Isolated displaced non-union of a triquetral body fracture: a case report.

PubMed

Rasoli, Sonia; Ricks, Matthew; Packer, Greg

2012-02-10

Fractures of the body of the triquetral bone are the second most common carpal fractures, and these fractures can be missed on plain X-ray. Although non-union of triquetral body fractures is very rare, such cases are associated with considerable morbidity and reduction in functional activity. We report the case of a 29-year-old Caucasian British man who sustained an isolated displaced triquetral body fracture that resulted in non-union, who was treated surgically. We describe an original operative management for this debilitating injury. An open reduction and internal fixation using double headed compression screws was performed, without bone grafting, and with early immobilization of the wrist. We propose this novel approach and advocate early clinical suspicion of triquetral body fractures in patients with a history of fall on an outstretched hand and ulnar sided wrist pain. We recommend evaluation using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scanning.

Match analysis and player characteristics in rugby sevens.

PubMed

Ross, Alex; Gill, Nicholas; Cronin, John

2014-03-01

Rugby sevens is a contact sport contested by two teams of seven players who compete over two 7-min halves, most frequently played in a tournament style. The IRB Sevens World Series is thought of as the preeminent rugby sevens competition in the world and has grown in competitiveness from its inception in 2000. The decision to include rugby sevens in the 2016 Olympics is likely to increase the global profile and participation in the game. Many rugby sevens players concurrently compete in 15-a-side rugby union as backs and loose forwards; however, a continued increase in the popularity of rugby sevens will likely see the emergence of the specialist rugby sevens player. Often thought of as the abbreviated version of rugby union, rugby sevens is played under nearly identical laws and on the same field dimensions as the 15-man code. However, research has shown the movement demands of rugby sevens and rugby union are dissimilar, with rugby sevens players spending a larger proportion of the game running at high intensity (≥ 5 m s(-1)). Given the dissimilarity in match demands in conjunction with differences in the competition structure between the codes, it appears the considerable depth of literature specific to performance in rugby union may be of little value for the preparation of rugby sevens players. Investigations of the physical characteristics of rugby sevens players show backs are lighter and shorter than forwards, while players across all positions possess a lean body composition. International rugby sevens players have similar speed characteristics to rugby union backs across distances of 10-30 m; however, rugby sevens players appear to have superior intermittent aerobic endurance. Despite being of likely importance, little is known of the strength and power characteristics of rugby sevens players. Research into the speed and aerobic endurance characteristics of rugby sevens players has not distinguished between backs and forwards and, as such, it is unclear whether differences exist between the position groups.

The Pluto Affair: When Professionals talk to Professionals with the Public Watching

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lindberg Christensen, Lars

This paper gives a first-hand look behind the scenes of the Press Room at the International Astronomical Union (IAU) XXVIth General Assembly in Prague that was the setting of one of the most discussed stories in 2006 - the much hated and loved International Astronomical Union resolution defining a planet. The vote passing the resolution that - as a side-effect - changed Pluto's status to a "dwarf planet" and resulted in an unprecedented emotional argument about our Solar System. What actually happened in Prague? What were the negative and positive outcomes of the Pluto Affair? What can science communicators learn from this experience?

Use of plate fixation without coracoclavicular ligament augmentation for unstable distal clavicle fractures.

PubMed

Shin, Sang-Jin; Ko, Young-Won; Lee, Juyeob; Park, Min-Gyue

2016-06-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiologic outcomes of unstable distal clavicle fractures treated with anatomic plate fixation without coracoclavicular ligament augmentation and to compare the outcome of Neer type IIA with that of type IIB. Twenty-five patients with unstable distal clavicle fractures who underwent anatomic plate fixation without coracoclavicular ligament augmentation were enrolled prospectively, including 9 patients of Neer type IIA and 16 patients of Neer type IIB. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using Constant and University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) scores. Coracoclavicular distance was measured on plain radiographs. Bone union was achieved in all patients. Satisfactory clinical and radiologic outcomes were obtained regardless of fracture type. After operation, the mean coracoclavicular distance on the injured side was increased by 10% compared with the uninjured side. However, between the patients who showed an increased coracoclavicular distance >10% (Constant score, 89.4 ± 3.7; UCLA score, 32.6 ± 3) and the patients with increased coracoclavicular distance <10% of the uninjured side (Constant score, 88.7 ± 3.6; UCLA score, 31.9 ± 3), there was no statistically significant difference in clinical outcomes of Constant score (P = .934) and UCLA score (P = .598). In unstable distal clavicle fractures, precontoured anatomic plate fixation without coracoclavicular ligament augmentation showed satisfactory clinical outcomes and high union rates even with a small lateral fragment. Patients who had increased coracoclavicular distance also demonstrated satisfactory shoulder functional outcomes regardless of the fracture type. Therefore, anatomic plate fixation without additional coracoclavicular ligament augmentation can be considered one of the treatment options for unstable distal clavicle fracture. Level IV; Case Series; Treatment Study. Copyright © 2016 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Teacher Union Contracts and High School Reform

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Price, Mitch

2009-01-01

Are teachers unions and collective bargaining agreements barriers to high school reform and redesign efforts in Washington, California, and Ohio? The short answer: sometimes, but not as often as many educators seem to think. Rather than wade into the pro- versus anti-union debate, this report instead aims to offer guidance for educators, unions,…

Clinical outcomes of proximal row carpectomy versus four-corner arthrodesis for post-traumatic wrist arthropathy: a systematic review.

PubMed

Saltzman, B M; Frank, J M; Slikker, W; Fernandez, J J; Cohen, M S; Wysocki, R W

2015-06-01

We conducted a systematic review of studies reporting clinical outcomes after proximal row carpectomy or to four-corner arthrodesis for scaphoid non-union advanced collapse or scapholunate advanced collapse arthritis. Seven studies (Levels I-III; 240 patients, 242 wrists) were evaluated. Significantly different post-operative values were as follows for four-corner arthrodesis versus proximal row carpectomy groups: wrist extension, 39 (SD 11º) versus 43 (SD 11º); wrist flexion, 32 (SD 10º) versus 36 (SD 11º); flexion-extension arc, 62 (SD 14º) versus 75 (SD 10º); radial deviation, 14 (SD 5º) versus 10 (SD 5º); hand grip strength as a percentage of contralateral side, 74% (SD 13) versus 67% (SD 16); overall complication rate, 29% versus 14%. The most common post-operative complications were non-union (grouped incidence, 7%) after four-corner arthrodesis and synovitis and clinically significant oedema (3.1%) after proximal row carpectomy. Radial deviation and post-operative hand grip strength (as a percentage of the contralateral side) were significantly better after four-corner arthrodesis. Four-corner arthrodesis gave significantly greater post-operative radial deviation and grip strength as a percentage of the opposite side. Wrist flexion, extension, and the flexion-extension arc were better after proximal row carpectomy, which also had a lower overall complication rate. © The Author(s) 2014.

Infectious diseases prioritisation for event-based surveillance at the European Union level for the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

PubMed

Economopoulou, A; Kinross, P; Domanovic, D; Coulombier, D

2014-04-17

In 2012, London hosted the Olympic and Paralympic Games (the Games), with events occurring throughout the United Kingdom (UK) between 27 July and 9 September 2012. Public health surveillance was performed by the Health Protection Agency (HPA). Collaboration between the HPA and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) was established for the detection and assessment of significant infectious disease events (SIDEs) occurring outside the UK during the time of the Games. Additionally, ECDC undertook an internal prioritisation exercise to facilitate ECDC’s decisions on which SIDEs should have preferentially enhanced monitoring through epidemic intelligence activities for detection and reporting in daily surveillance in the European Union (EU). A team of ECDC experts evaluated potential public health risks to the Games, selecting and prioritising SIDEs for event-based surveillance with regard to their potential for importation to the Games, occurrence during the Games or export to the EU/European Economic Area from the Games. The team opted for a multilevel approach including comprehensive disease selection, development and use of a qualitative matrix scoring system and a Delphi method for disease prioritisation. The experts selected 71 infectious diseases to enter the prioritisation exercise of which 27 were considered as priority for epidemic intelligence activities by ECDC for the EU for the Games.

Horizontally progressive mirror for blind spot detection in automobiles.

PubMed

Lee, Hocheol; Kim, Dohyun; Yi, Sung

2013-02-01

The blind spot of automobiles has been a critical issue in driving safety performance. Side mirrors that use an aspheric shape to achieve a wider angle rather than conventional spherical or flat mirrors have been recently permitted from European Union safety regulations. However, these mirrors also cause difficulty in perceiving the speed and distance of an approaching vehicle in the aspheric mirror zones with their decreasing radii of curvature. We demonstrated new side mirrors showing a stable vehicle image by inserting a horizontally progressive zone between the two outer spherical zones used for the far and near views.

Isolated displaced non-union of a triquetral body fracture: a case report

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Introduction Fractures of the body of the triquetral bone are the second most common carpal fractures, and these fractures can be missed on plain X-ray. Although non-union of triquetral body fractures is very rare, such cases are associated with considerable morbidity and reduction in functional activity. Case presentation We report the case of a 29-year-old Caucasian British man who sustained an isolated displaced triquetral body fracture that resulted in non-union, who was treated surgically. We describe an original operative management for this debilitating injury. An open reduction and internal fixation using double headed compression screws was performed, without bone grafting, and with early immobilization of the wrist. Conclusions We propose this novel approach and advocate early clinical suspicion of triquetral body fractures in patients with a history of fall on an outstretched hand and ulnar sided wrist pain. We recommend evaluation using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scanning. PMID:22325450

Class Size and Student Diversity: Two Sides of the Same Coin. Teacher Voice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Froese-Germain, Bernie; Riel, Rick; McGahey, Bob

2012-01-01

Among Canadian teacher unions, discussions of class size are increasingly being informed by the importance of considering the diversity of student needs within the classroom (often referred to as class composition). For teachers, both class size and diversity matter. Teachers consistently adapt their teaching to address the individual needs of the…

Pathogenesis of solitary right aortic arch: a mass effect hypothesis based on observations of serial human embryonic sections.

PubMed

Jin, Zhe W; Yamada, Tomonori; Kim, Ji H; Rodríguez-Vázquez, José F; Murakami, Gen; Arakawa, Keiji

2017-03-01

In general, solitary right aortic arch carries the left-sided ductus arteriosus communicating between the left subclavian and pulmonary arteries or the right-sided ductus connecting the descending aorta to the left pulmonary artery. Serial sections of fifteen 5- to 6-week-old embryos and ten 8- to 9-week-old fetuses suggested that the pathogenesis was unrelated to inversion due to dysfunction in gene cascades that control the systemic left/right axis. With inversion, conversely, the ductus or the sixth pharyngeal arch artery should connect to the right pulmonary artery. The disappearance of the right aortic arch started before the caudal migration of the aortic attachment of the ductus. Sympathetic nerve ganglia developed immediately posterior to both aortae, with a single embryonic specimen showing a large ganglion at the midline close to the union of the aortic arches. These ganglia may interfere with blood flow through the distal left arch, resulting in the ductus ending at the descending aorta behind the oesophagus. In another fetus examined, a midline shift of the ductus course resulted in the trachea curving posteriorly. Therefore, solitary right arch is likely to accompany abnormalities of the surrounding structures. The timing and site of the obstruction should be different between types: an almost midline obstruction near the aortic union needed for the development of the left-sided ductus and a distal obstruction near the left subclavian arterial origin needed for the development of the right-sided ductus. A mass effect of the sympathetic ganglia may explain the pathogenesis of any type of anomalous ductus arteriosus shown in previous reports of the solitary right arch.

[High levels of industrially produced trans fatty acids in popular fast food - but not in Denmark--secondary publication].

PubMed

Stender, Steen; Dyerberg, Jørn; Bysted, Anette; Leth, Torben; Astrup, Arne V

2006-04-24

An intake of trans-fatty acids of 5 grams per day is associated with an increase of 25% in the risk of ischemic heart disease. In 2004 Denmark, as the first country in the world, introduced a limitation on the content of industrially produced trans-fatty acids in foods. The amount in a "high-trans menu" consisting of popular foods was, from 2001 to 2005, reduced in Denmark from 30 g to <1 g. The amount in the same menu bought in countries within and outside the European Union is 20-40 g. During a period of just a few years, Denmark has thus eliminated a risk factor for ischemic heart disease without noticeable side effects for consumers. This risk factor is, however, still present in many other countries.

ESEA Title I Program Evaluation [Phoenix Union High School System, Arizona].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Estes, Gary D.; And Others

In accordance with the intent of compensatory educational programs supported by Elementary Secondary Education Act Title I funds, the Phoenix Union High School System has implemented supplementary programs during the 1974-75 school year at four of the District's 11 high schools: Carl Hayden, North, Phoenix Union, and South Mountain, and at the…

Epidemiology of injuries in senior male rugby union sevens: a systematic review.

PubMed

Cruz-Ferreira, Antonio; Cruz-Ferreira, Eduardo; Santiago, Luiz; Taborda Barata, Luis

2017-02-01

In 2016 the Rugby Union variant of sevens will enter the official Olympic Programme. Until now, most of injury surveillance studies in Rugby Union focus on elite 15-a-side cohorts, with reported injury incidence rates reaching 96 per 1000 player-match-hours, and mean severity set at 20 days. Sparse data is available regarding rugby sevens. The aim of this study was to systematically review available data regarding the epidemiology of injuries in senior male rugby sevens. Electronic databases (Pubmed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, Scielo and IndexRMP) were searched in September 2015, complemented by manual searches of bibliographies and relevant "grey literature". Seven prospective cohort original articles addressing injuries in senior male rugby sevens players were included in this review. Overall injury incidence rates in elite rugby sevens tournaments ranged 101.5 to 119.8 per 1000 player-match-hours. Mean severity was greater than 34.1 days. Lower limb and joint/ligament injuries were the most frequent in elite players. The only study on amateur players revealed a lower injury incidence rate (74.7 per 1000 player-match-hours), and a higher proportion of muscle/tendon (37.5 %) injuries. Injury incidence rates in rugby sevens are higher than those reported for the 15-a-side variant, at the same level of competition. Injuries are also more severe, resulting in longer absence periods. This might result from the fact that rugby sevens is played with greater speed, leading to an increase in energy transfers during tackles, more running and turning manoeuvers, that can possibly cause more severe injuries.

Career Transitions after a Long Experience as Trade Union Officer: A Qualitative Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cohen-Scali, Valérie

2016-01-01

In France, trade union officers are former shop stewards who have chosen to work full-time for the union for several years. This research investigates the career transitions of former union officers who have returned to the labour market following extended experience with high-level responsibilities in the union. Semi-directed interviews were…

78 FR 65040 - BNSF Railway Company, CBEC Railway Inc., Iowa Interstate Railroad, Ltd., and Union Pacific...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-30

.... The first segment will be relocated to the west of Mosquito Creek. This segment is located between... miles. That portion of CBEC's main line will be relocated to the west bank of Mosquito Creek between... between their newly constructed and parallel main lines on the west side of Mosquito Creek at a point...

The kinetics of rugby union scrummaging.

PubMed

Milburn, P D

1990-01-01

Two rugby union forward packs of differing ability levels were examined during scrummaging against an instrumented scrum machine. By systematically moving the front-row of the scrum along the scrum machine, kinetic data on each front-row forward could be obtained under all test conditions. Each forward pack was tested under the following scrummaging combinations: front-row only; front-row plus second-row; full scrum minus side-row, and full scrum. Data obtained from each scrum included the three orthogonal components of force at engagement and the sustained force applied by each front-row player. An estimate of sub-unit contributions was made by subtracting the total forward force on all three front-row players from the total for the complete scrum. Results indicated the primary role of the second-row appeared to be application of forward force. The back-row ('number eight') forward did not substantially contribute any additional forward force, and added only slightly to the lateral and vertical shear force experienced by the front-row. The side-row contributed an additional 20-27% to the forward force, but at the expense of increased vertical forces on all front-row forwards. Results of this investigation are discussed in relation to rule modification, rule interpretation and coaching.

The Impact of Family Background on College Students' Chances of Serving as Student Union Cadres

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Xinzhuo, Zhu; Junhua, Shi; Zhihui, Dong

2015-01-01

A survey and comparative analysis of the family backgrounds of the entire undergraduate student body of X University and the group of student union cadres shows: the proportion of college students who serve as student union cadres who come from cities and have families with high social status, high family income, and parents with high educational…

JPRS Report, China.

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-04-26

36 LABOR Labor Export Earnings Soar in 1988 [JINGRONG SHIBAO 2 Feb] 36 AGRICULTURE Chemical Fertilizer Plant Policy in Anhui [ANHUI RIBAO 18...treasury of the profit surpluses (that is surpluses after deducting certain fixed sinking funds of the plants and factories, as in the Soviet Union) or...transferring certain unsuccessful plant heads to another locality, they have perhaps not noticed the other side of this obvious drawback of the system

JPRS Report, Soviet Union, International Affairs.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-07-15

on the government side from 15 January; the return of the refugees and their provision with all essentials , including housing and work; the creation...accommodation and provides them with essentials . The reconciliation policy provides for economic measures. In industry we are creating conditions for...and essential a reliable settlement to the crisis among the nationalities is, the roots of which undoubtedly issue from the colonial past. The mass

Effectiveness and Complications Associated With Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Augmentation of Foot and Ankle Fusions and Fracture Nonunions.

PubMed

Rearick, Timothy; Charlton, Timothy P; Thordarson, David

2014-08-01

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) has been used to augment bone healing and fusion in a variety of orthopaedic conditions. However, there is a paucity of data evaluating the potential benefits of its use in foot and ankle surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and associated complications with the use of rhBMP-2 in high-risk foot and ankle fusions and fracture nonunions. A total of 51 cases in 48 patients undergoing foot and ankle fusions or fracture nonunion revisions and considered at high risk for subsequent nonunion were identified through a retrospective review in which rhBMP-2 was used as an augment for bone healing. Rate of union, time to union, and associated complications were evaluated. Forty-seven of 51 high-risk cases treated with rhBMP-2 united for a per-case union rate of 92.2%. Seventy-eight of 82 individual sites treated with rhBMP-2 united for a per-site union rate of 95.1%. Of the successful unions, the mean time to union was 111 days (95% confidence interval, 101-121). There were no statistically significant differences in time to union with regard to supplementation with bone allograft or autograft or size of rhBMP-2 kit used. Complication rates were low. rhBMP-2 was a safe and apparently effective adjunct to bony union in high-risk foot and ankle surgeries. Further randomized controlled trials are warranted. Level IV, retrospective case series. © The Author(s) 2014.

UNFINISHED JOURNEY Project. Quarterly report, September 1994--December 1994

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1998-02-01

In September, 1994, the U.S. Department of Energy (Nevada Operations Office) made a $199,708 grant (through the Mathematics, Science, and Technology Education Program), to the UNFINISHED JOURNEY Project. The Project began in April, 1994, to develop and implement an innovative model of student outreach by San Jose State University (SJSU) to underserved, underrepresented student populations of the East Side Union High School District (ESUHSD). The Project was formed by a consortium involving SJSU, ESUHSD, some 20 private sector organizations (foundations/corporations), numerous local community/professional organizations, and approximately 100 private funders. This proposal to the U.S. Department of Energy was to havemore » the Department join this unique partnership to focus University outreach to underserved student populations to pursue careers in mathematics, science, and technology.« less

Priodontes maximus (Cingulata: Chlamyphoridae)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Carter, Tracy S.; Superina, Mariella; Leslie, David M.

2016-01-01

Priodontes maximus (Kerr, 1792), called the giant armadillo, is monotypic and by far the largest extant armadillo. Average adult weight is about 30kg (in captivity, as high as 80kg). Its carapace extends about halfway down its sides, making it impossible to curl up tightly. It is dark brown to black dorsally, with a broad light band around the lower part of its carapace. It primarily digs to escape, enhanced by its 20-cm, sickle-shaped nail on its 3rd forefingers. P. maximus is widely distributed in South America but nowhere abundant. It is affected by habitat loss and fragmentation, agriculture, hunting, collection for museum specimens, and illegal animal trafficking. P. maximus is listed as “Vulnerable” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.

USSR Report, International Affairs.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-08-19

the Soviet Union? /Answer/ First, some clarification. Our department concerns itself with ques - tions of cooperation with the countries of Tropical...not very understandable how the right-wingers, es - pecially the neo-fascists, were able to "win over" voters to their side. ■ <.,■,.<■;■>■ .U...determine the nation’s development in years to come. FOOTNOTES 1. ESTRATEGIA , Mexico City, 1984, No 56; Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 1983- 1988

Participation in Non-Formal Learning in EU-15 and EU-8 Countries: Demand and Supply Side Factors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roosmaa, Eve-Liis; Saar, Ellu

2012-01-01

The main purpose of this paper is to provide an in-depth analysis of participation in non-formal learning in different European Union member states. The paper also seeks to extend analysis of the training gap by pursuing the distinction between the supply and the demand for skills. We use aggregate data from the Adult Education Survey (Eurostat)…

Teacher Training for Political Science PhD Students in Europe Determinants of a Tool for Enhanced Teaching in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pleschova, Gabriela; Simon, Eszter

2009-01-01

In this paper we examine the state of teacher training for political science PhD candidates in the European Union and make a comparison with the situation in the United States. We investigate the determinants of supply and demand of teacher training. On the supply side, we suggest that research orientation and quality assurance are factors that…

Arms Control and Nonproliferation: A Catalog of Treaties and Agreements

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-08-09

security and control over nuclear weapons and fissile materials. These projects provided Russia with bullet-proof Kevlar blankets, secure canisters ...U.S. security concerns. The United States and Soviet Union began to sign agreements limiting their strategic offensive nuclear weapons in the early...U.S.-Russian relationship. At the same time, however, the two sides began to cooperate on securing and eliminating Soviet-era nuclear , chemical, and

Persistent ulnar-sided wrist pain after treatment of triquetral dorsal chip fracture: six cases related to triangular fibrocartilage complex injury.

PubMed

Lee, Seoung-joon; Rathod, Chasanal Mohan; Park, Kwang-Won; Hwang, Jin-Ho

2012-05-01

Persistent ulnar-sided wrist pain after treatment of triquetral dorsal chip fracture even after union is a matter of concern. There could be various reasons for this persistent pain like arthritis, instability, fractures and non-union. We correlate our findings of physical examination and wrist arthroscopy as triangular fibrocartilage complex injury to be one of the causes of this persistent pain. Six subjects who had persistent ulnocarpal joint pain and tenderness after triquetral dorsal chip fracture, despite 2 months of conservative treatment, were subjected to physical tests. If the physical examination yields positive results, then magnetic resonance imaging followed by arthroscopic treatment was performed. The six patients were then evaluated using the visual analogue scale, the Mayo modified wrist score, and the grip strength test. Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injury was observed in all six cases and partial TFCC resection and synovectomy were performed. Analysis of the visual analogue scale, Mayo modified wrist score, and grip strength test data revealed statistically significant improvements (P < 0.05). In addition to several causes reported in the published literature, TFCC injury can be a cause of persistent ulnar pain after treatment of triquetral dorsal chip fracture. Arthroscopic partial TFCC resection can be considered to be a suitable treatment for such cases.

Facial skeletal augmentation using hydroxyapatite cement.

PubMed

Shindo, M L; Costantino, P D; Friedman, C D; Chow, L C

1993-02-01

This study investigates the use of a new calcium phosphate cement, which sets to solid, microporous hydroxyapatite, for facial bone augmentation. In six dogs, the supraorbital ridges were augmented bilaterally with this hydroxyapatite cement. On one side, the hydroxyapatite cement was placed directly onto the bone within a subperiosteal pocket. On the opposite side, the cement was contained within a collagen membrane tubule and then inserted into a subperiosteal pocket. The use of collagen tubules facilitated easy, precise placement of the cement. All implants maintained their original augmented height throughout the duration of the study. They were well tolerated without extrusion or migration, and there was no significant sustained inflammatory response. Histologic studies, performed at 3, 6, and 9 months revealed that when the cement was placed directly onto bone, progressive replacement of the implant by bone (osseointegration of the hydroxyapatite with the underlying bone) without a loss of volume was observed. In contrast, when the cement-collagen tubule combination was inserted, primarily a fibrous union was noted. Despite such fibrous union, the hydroxyapatite-collagen implant solidly bonded to the underlying bone, and no implant resorption was observed. Hydroxyapatite cement can be used successfully for the experimental augmentation of the craniofacial skeleton and may be applicable for such uses in humans.

Bridging the Divide: Examining Professional Unity and the Extended Teacher Union Role in Sweden

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Milner, Alison

2018-01-01

Sweden has experienced increasing educational inequity levels within its highly decentralized school system. With a reduced capacity to bargain collectively, the two Swedish teacher trade unions, the Swedish Teachers' Union (Lärarförbundet) and the National Union of Teachers in Sweden (Lärarnas Riksförbund), have sought to extend their role in…

Federal Programs in PUHSS: An Evaluation Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phoenix Union High School District, AZ.

The programs described in this report, including the South Mountain High School Reading Program, the Carl Hayden High School Reading Program, the Phoenix Union High School Reading Program, the South Mountain High School Saturation Guidance and Counseling Program (SGCP), the Work Incentive Program (WIN), the Phoenix Union High School Star Reach…

Freedom of movement vs. exclusion: a reinterpretation of the "insider"-"outsider" divide in the European Union.

PubMed

Ugur, M

1995-01-01

"This article argues that the question of free movement vs. exclusion within the European Union (EU) can be addressed satisfactorily only if we move away from the narrow state-centrism inherent in the current debate. What is required is to 'open' the state concept and examine the implications of state-society relations for EU policy making. Once this is done, it can be seen that the exclusionist stance of the immigration policy and the essentially intergovernmental nature of the policy making are due to an implicit contract between states and constituents implied by the concepts of nationality and citizenship. According to this perspective, the focus on the state or the political elite alone is too one-sided and misses the more complex factors bearing upon EU policy making in this area." excerpt

The soviet manned lunar program N1-L3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lardier, Christian

2018-01-01

The conquest of space was marked by the Moon race in which the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, were engaged in the 1960s. On the American side, the Apollo program culminated with the Man on the Moon in July 1969, 50 years ago. At the same time, the Soviet Union carried out a similar program which was kept secret for 20 years. This N1-L3 program was unveiled in August 1989. Its goal was to arrive on the Moon before the Americans. It included an original super-rocket, development of which began in June 1960. But this program became a national priority only in August 1964 and the super-rocket failed four times between 1969 and 1972. This article analyses the reasons for these failures, which led to the cancellation of the program in 1974.

Operations at the Border: Efforts to Disrupt Insurgent Safe-Havens

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-16

political rival, Robert Mugabe, quickly as Ian Smith worked an agreement with Reverend Ndabaningi Sithole. J. R. T. Wood , Counter-Strike from the Sky...into Belfast was the wrong troops (mainly consisted of the Scots Guards Regiment, who as Presbyterians, appeared to naturally side with the...along tribal lines. Robert Mugabe was a member of ZANLA and its political wing the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU). Dr. J. R. T. Wood

Predictors of long-term compliance in attending a worksite hypertension programme.

PubMed

Landers, R; Riccobene, A; Beyreuther, M; Neusy, A J

1993-12-01

Variables such as patient's anxiety, knowledge, number of medication changes, medication-induced side-effects and programme-derived benefits and conveniences have been reported or theorised to be important determinants of patient's attendance at worksite hypertension programmes. This study investigates whether these variables have predictive value in differentiating compliers from noncompliers attending a union-sponsored worksite hypertension programme for at least five years. Scores were created from a questionnaire distributed to 243 patients with a response rate of 98%. Compliance was defined as missing < or = 25% of scheduled clinic appointments. By discriminant statistical analysis scores for patient's anxiety, knowledge, number of medication changes, medication side-effects, perceived benefits and conveniences failed to show any predictive value for patient's compliance with appointment keeping.

The conditional indirect effect model of women's union participation: the moderating effect of perceived union tolerance for sexual harassment.

PubMed

Mellor, Steven; Golay, Leslie M

2014-01-01

We tested a theoretically trimmed model of union participation presented by Tetrick, Shore, McClurg, and Vandenberg (2007), in which perceived union instrumentality is expected to influence participation through perceived union support. This testing was accomplished as a precursor to testing a conditional indirect effect model of women's participation--in which perceived union tolerance for sexual harassment was expected to moderate the influence of perceived support on willingness to participate in union activities. In a sample of 326 women from multiple unions, we found support for the conditional model; the influence of perceived instrumentality on willingness to participate through perceived support was moderated by perceived tolerance for harassment; specifically, the influence through perceived support was weak when perceived tolerance was high. The implications of our results are discussed in reference to need support and women's participation.

Convergence: How Nursing Unions and Magnet are Advancing Nursing.

PubMed

Johnson, Joyce E; Billingsley, Molley

2014-01-01

Historically, unions and professional associations such as the American Nurses Association have been adversaries in the fight to represent the best interests of the nursing profession. We reviewed the literature on the evolution of nursing unions, nursing's historical unease about unions, the Magnet designation in nursing, the tensions between the unions and Magnet, the core values and commonalities they share, and the obligations of nursing as a profession. Refocusing on the advancement of our profession provides a positive pathway in which the collective efforts of nursing unions and professional initiatives such as the Magnet designation converge during these turbulent times for our profession. The single, central organizing idea of nursing-where nursing unions and Magnet converge-is the pivotal role of nurses in delivering high-quality patient care. The often-maligned dialectic between unions and Magnet has advanced and not hindered the nursing profession. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Management of tibial non-unions according to a novel treatment algorithm.

PubMed

Ferreira, Nando; Marais, Leonard Charles

2015-12-01

Tibial non-unions represent a spectrum of conditions that are challenging to treat. The optimal management remains unclear despite the frequency with which these diagnoses are encountered. The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of tibial non-unions managed according to a novel tibial non-union treatment algorithm. One hundred and eighteen consecutive patients with 122 uninfected tibial non-unions were treated according to our proposed tibial non-union treatment algorithm. All patients were followed-up clinically and radiologically for a minimum of six months after external fixator removal. Four patients were excluded because they did not complete the intended treatment process. The final study population consisted of 94 men and 24 women with a mean age of 34 years. Sixty-seven non-unions were stiff hypertrophic, 32 mobile atrophic, 16 mobile oligotrophic and one true pseudoarthrosis. Six non-unions were classified as type B1 defect non-unions. Bony union was achieved after the initial surgery in 113/122 (92.6%) tibias. Nine patients had failure of treatment. Seven persistent non-unions were successfully retreated according to the tibial non-union treatment algorithm. This resulted in final bony union in 120/122 (98.3%) tibias. The proposed tibial non-union treatment algorithm appears to produce high union rates across a diverse group of tibial non-unions. Tibial non-unions however, remain difficult to treat and should be referred to specialist units where advanced reconstructive techniques are practiced on a regular basis. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Organizing.com. New Unions for the New Economy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kusnet, David

1999-01-01

Discusses old and new employer-employee problems within various high-tech companies giving rise to a variety of employee organizations. Examines union building at IBM and looks at the employee group founded by Microsoft employees. Concludes by focusing on the issue of new unions for the new economy. (SM)

Using biological effects tools to define Good Environmental Status under the European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive.

PubMed

Lyons, B P; Thain, J E; Stentiford, G D; Hylland, K; Davies, I M; Vethaak, A D

2010-10-01

The use of biological effects tools offer enormous potential to meet the challenges outlined by the European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) whereby Member States are required to develop a robust set of tools for defining 11 qualitative descriptors of Good Environmental Status (GES), such as demonstrating that "Concentrations of contaminants are at levels not giving rise to pollution effects" (GES Descriptor 8). This paper discusses the combined approach of monitoring chemical contaminant levels, along side biological effect measurements relating to the effect of pollutants, for undertaking assessments of GES across European marine regions. We outline the minimum standards that biological effects tools should meet if they are to be used for defining GES in relation to Descriptor 8 and describe the current international initiatives underway to develop assessment criteria for these biological effects techniques. Crown Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of the structural, physicochemical, and biological characteristics of SB4, a biosimilar of etanercept

PubMed Central

Cho, Ick Hyun; Lee, Nayoung; Song, Dami; Jung, Seong Young; Bou-Assaf, George; Sosic, Zoran; Zhang, Wei; Lyubarskaya, Yelena

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT A biosimilar is a biological medicinal product that is comparable to a reference medicinal product in terms of quality, safety, and efficacy. SB4 was developed as a biosimilar to Enbrel® (etanercept) and was approved as Benepali®, the first biosimilar of etanercept licensed in the European Union (EU). The quality assessment of SB4 was performed in accordance with the ICH comparability guideline and the biosimilar guidelines of the European Medicines Agency and Food and Drug Administration. Extensive structural, physicochemical, and biological testing was performed with state-of-the-art technologies during a side-by-side comparison of the products. Similarity of critical quality attributes (CQAs) was evaluated on the basis of tolerance intervals established from quality data obtained from more than 60 lots of EU-sourced and US-sourced etanercept. Additional quality assessment was focused on a detailed investigation of immunogenicity-related quality attributes, including hydrophobic variants, high-molecular-weight (HMW) species, N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NGNA), and α-1,3-galactose. This comprehensive characterization study demonstrated that SB4 is highly similar to the reference product, Enbrel®, in structural, physicochemical, and biological quality attributes. In addition, the levels of potential immunogenicity-related quality attributes of SB4 such as hydrophobic variants, HMW aggregates, and α-1,3-galactose were less than those of the reference product. PMID:27246928

Worldwide Report Arms Control

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-02-04

implementing SDI. The results of the investigations are secret, of course. But, as the magazine ATLANTIC writes, it is clear from what has seeped into the...Apparently it means not in accordance with Soviet people’s wishes and bidding of people on the other side of the Atlantic , ideas accepted in the...Christian Social Union, was even prepared to make a pilgrimage "with a candle in his hands" to Altoetting (a place of worship of the Holy Virgin Mary

JPRS Report, Soviet Union, Foreign Military Review, No. 2, February 1987

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-09-15

Losses to the U. S. population may reach 35 million people. The authors note that in the event that U. S. strategic nuclear forces are used...reserves created to carry out offensive operation (Khyber) (begun at the end of February 1984«), and suffering substantial losses (approximately 20,000...The two sides restored the combat effectiveness of their large units and units, which had suffered heavy losses , and prepared for new battles. The

Advantageous GOES IR results for ash mapping at high latitudes: Cleveland eruptions 2001

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gu, Yingxin; Rose, William I.; Schneider, D.J.; Bluth, G.J.S.; Watson, I.M.

2005-01-01

The February 2001 eruption of Cleveland Volcano, Alaska allowed for comparisons of volcanic ash detection using two-band thermal infrared (10-12 ??m) remote sensing from MODIS, AVHRR, and GOES 10. Results show that high latitude GOES volcanic cloud sensing the range of about 50 to 65??N is significantly enhanced. For the Cleveland volcanic clouds the MODIS and AVHRR data have zenith angles 6-65 degrees and the GOES has zenith angles that are around 70 degrees. The enhancements are explained by distortion in the satellite view of the cloud's lateral extent because the satellite zenith angles result in a "side-looking" aspect and longer path lengths through the volcanic cloud. The shape of the cloud with respect to the GOES look angle also influences the results. The MODIS and AVHRR data give consistent retrievals of the ash cloud evolution over time and are good corrections for the GOES data. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.

Physical game demands in elite rugby union: a global positioning system analysis and possible implications for rehabilitation.

PubMed

Coughlan, Garrett F; Green, Brian S; Pook, Paul T; Toolan, Eoin; O'Connor, Sean P

2011-08-01

Descriptive. To evaluate the physical demands of an international Rugby Union-level game using a global positioning system (GPS). Elite Rugby Union teams currently employ the latest technology to monitor and evaluate physical demands of training and games on their players. GPS data from 2 players, a back and a forward, were collected during an international Rugby Union game. Locomotion speed, total body load, and body load sustained in tackles and scrums were analyzed. Players completed an average distance of 6715 m and spent the major portion of the game standing or walking, interspersed with medium- and high-intensity running activities. The back performed a higher number of high-intensity sprints and reached a greater maximal speed. Body load data revealed that high levels of gravitational force are sustained in tackling and scrum tasks. The current study provides a detailed GPS analysis of the physical demands of international Rugby Union players. These data, when combined with game video footage, may assist sports medicine professionals in understanding the demands of the game and mechanism of injury, as well as improving injury rehabilitation.

Formulating the American Geophysical Union's Scientific Integrity and Professional Ethics Policy: Challenges and lessons learned: Chapter 8

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gundersen, Linda C.; Townsend, Randy

2017-01-01

Creating an ethics policy for a large, diverse geosciences organization is a challenge, especially in the midst of the current contentious dialogue in the media related to such issues as climate change, sustaining natural resources, and responding to natural hazards. In 2011, the American Geophysical Union (AGU) took on this challenge, creating an Ethics Task Force to update their ethics policies to better support their new Strategic Plan and respond to the changing scientific research environment. Dialogue with AGU members and others during the course of creating the new policy unveiled some of the following issues to be addressed. Scientific results and individual scientists are coming under intense political and public scrutiny, with the efficacy of the science being questioned. In some cases, scientists are asked to take sides and/or provide opinions on issues beyond their research, impacting their objectivity. Pressure related to competition for funding and the need to publish high quality and quantities of papers has led to recent high profile plagiarism, data fabrication, and conflict of interest cases. The complexities of a continuously advancing digital environment for conducting, reviewing, and publishing science has raised concerns over the ease of plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, inappropriate peer review, and the need for better accessibility of data and methods. Finally, students and scientists need consistent education and encouragement on the importance of ethics and integrity in scientific research. The new AGU Scientific Integrity and Ethics Policy tries to address these issues and provides an inspirational code of conduct to encourage a responsible, positive, open, and honest scientific research environment.

Biomechanical symmetry in elite rugby union players during dynamic tasks: an investigation using discrete and continuous data analysis techniques.

PubMed

Marshall, Brendan; Franklyn-Miller, Andrew; Moran, Kieran; King, Enda; Richter, Chris; Gore, Shane; Strike, Siobhán; Falvey, Éanna

2015-01-01

While measures of asymmetry may provide a means of identifying individuals predisposed to injury, normative asymmetry values for challenging sport specific movements in elite athletes are currently lacking in the literature. In addition, previous studies have typically investigated symmetry using discrete point analyses alone. This study examined biomechanical symmetry in elite rugby union players using both discrete point and continuous data analysis techniques. Twenty elite injury free international rugby union players (mean ± SD: age 20.4 ± 1.0 years; height 1.86 ± 0.08 m; mass 98.4 ± 9.9 kg) underwent biomechanical assessment. A single leg drop landing, a single leg hurdle hop, and a running cut were analysed. Peak joint angles and moments were examined in the discrete point analysis while analysis of characterising phases (ACP) techniques were used to examine the continuous data. Dominant side was compared to non-dominant side using dependent t-tests for normally distributed data or Wilcoxon signed-rank test for non-normally distributed data. The significance level was set at α = 0.05. The majority of variables were found to be symmetrical with a total of 57/60 variables displaying symmetry in the discrete point analysis and 55/60 in the ACP. The five variables that were found to be asymmetrical were hip abductor moment in the drop landing (p = 0.02), pelvis lift/drop in the drop landing (p = 0.04) and hurdle hop (p = 0.02), ankle internal rotation moment in the cut (p = 0.04) and ankle dorsiflexion angle also in the cut (p = 0.01). The ACP identified two additional asymmetries not identified in the discrete point analysis. Elite injury free rugby union players tended to exhibit bi-lateral symmetry across a range of biomechanical variables in a drop landing, hurdle hop and cut. This study provides useful normative values for inter-limb symmetry in these movement tests. When examining symmetry it is recommended to incorporate continuous data analysis techniques rather than a discrete point analysis alone; a discrete point analysis was unable to detect two of the five asymmetries identified.

Teaching about the Soviet Union. ERIC Digest No. 42.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Citti, Lori A.

Given the global significance of Soviet-U.S. relations, elementary and secondary school students should learn about the Soviet Union, but most students graduate from high school with little knowledge and many misconceptions about this country. It is important to teach about the Soviet Union because of: (1) its emphasis in the U.S. media; (2) its…

Addendum to ESEA Title I Program Evaluation [Phoenix Union High School System, Arizona].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Estes, Gary D.

An Elementary Secondary Education Act Title I English/Writing project was continued at two Phoenix Union high schools, Carl Hayden and North High Schools, in 1974-75. Although the objectives and instructional method (individualized, diagnostic, prescriptive approach) were the same at the two schools, the entry level skills and abilities of the…

Translations on Eastern Europe: Political, Sociological and Military Affairs No. 1605

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-11-06

9000091^ 1 1 R Approved for Public Release L U U U U L I J I I W Distribution Unlimited U. S. JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE...for other continents. We are proud, Comrade J , Fojtik stressed, that our republic, at the side of the Soviet Union, is—as a member of the Warsaw Pact...communist party and all people of the CSSR fully identify with this program and support it actively. However, we witness at present, Comrade J . Fojtik

China Report, Political, Sociological and Military Affairs

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-01-29

of world attention , both the United States and the Soviet Union had emphasized the need for "sincerity" from the other side, kicking the ball to...systems and laws of this kind will not change because there is a change of the leader or because there is a change of the view and attention of a...system of this kind has a bearing on whether the party and the state will change their colors, which must be brought to the close attention of the

FLOAT OPERATED RADIAL GATE INSTALLATION. WASTEWAY NO. 1. WELLTONMOHAWK CANAL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

FLOAT OPERATED RADIAL GATE INSTALLATION. WASTEWAY NO. 1. WELLTON-MOHAWK CANAL - STA. 99+23.50. United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation; Gila Project, Arizona, Wellton-Mohawk Division. Drawing No. 50-D-2497, dated March 8, 1949, Denver Colorado. Sheet 1 of 7 - Wellton-Mohawk Irrigation System, Wasteway No. 1, Wellton-Mohawk Canal, North side of Wellton-Mohawk Canal, bounded by Gila River to North & the Union Pacific Railroad & Gila Mountains to south, Wellton, Yuma County, AZ

FLOAT OPERATED RADIAL GATE HOIST ASSEMBLY LIST OF PARTS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

FLOAT OPERATED RADIAL GATE HOIST ASSEMBLY - LIST OF PARTS - BASE-CRANK. WASTEWAY NO. 1. WELLTON-MOHAWK CANAL - STA. 99+23.50. United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation; Gila Project, Arizona, Wellton-Mohawk Division. Drawing No. 50-D-2511, dated May 3, 1949, Denver Colorado. Sheet 1 of 2 - Wellton-Mohawk Irrigation System, Wasteway No. 1, Wellton-Mohawk Canal, North side of Wellton-Mohawk Canal, bounded by Gila River to North & the Union Pacific Railroad & Gila Mountains to south, Wellton, Yuma County, AZ

Molecular and Electronic Structure of Thin Films of Protoporphyrin(IX)Fe(III)C1

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-11-10

Union Carbide). Electrical contact to the back side of the HOPG sample was made with a copper wire and conductive epoxy (Epo-tek H20E, Epoxy Technology...analysis of the contrast in STM images of copper phthalocyanine [641 and by Zheng and Tsong in their analysis of resonant tunneling via tip-localized...Electroanal. Chem. 1980, 110, 369. 71. Makinen, M.W.; Churg A.K. Iron Porphyri ns-P art One; Lever, A.B.P.; Gray, H.B., Eds.; Physical Bioinorganic

Determination of tube-to-tube support interaction characteristics. [PWR

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Haslinger, K.H.

Tube-to-tube support interaction characteristics were determined on a multi-span tube geometry representative of the hot-leg side of the C-E, System 80 steam generator design. Results will become input for an autoclave type wear test program on steam generator tubes, performed by Kraftwerk Union (KWU). Correlation of test data reported here with similar data obtained from the wear tests will be performed in an attempt to make predictions about the long-term fretting behavior of steam generator tubes.

Buckeye Union High School District. Report of Survey.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arizona State Univ., Tempe. Bureau of Educational Research and Services.

Embracing 4 Arizona elementary school districts (Arlington, Buckeye, Liberty, and Palo Verde) visited by consultants for evaluative purposes, this report presents information about and recommendations for the elementary schools in the Buckeye Union High School District. Summaries on the educational programs (language arts, social studies,…

Mothers’ Repartnering after a Nonmarital Birth

PubMed Central

Bzostek, Sharon H.; McLanahan, Sara S.; Carlson, Marcia J.

2012-01-01

This paper examines the prevalence, predictors and outcomes of unmarried mothers’ repartnering patterns following a nonmarital birth. Results indicate that, within five years after a birth, approximately two-thirds of unmarried mothers ended their relationship with the focal child’s biological father, and over half of these mothers entered new partnerships. Among those who repartnered, 60 percent of mothers formed unions with men with higher economic capabilities than their former partners, 20 percent formed unions with men with similar capabilities, and 20 percent formed unions with men with lower capabilities. This pattern holds for both nonresidential and coresidential unions. Our findings are consistent with marriage market, learning, and evolutionary biology theories about union formation, and they provide support for qualitative evidence that unmarried mothers have high standards for new partners. While many mothers are able to successfully find new partners with better economic capabilities, many other mothers remain unpartnered, likely due (at least in part) to the limited pool of potential partners with relatively high levels of economic capabilities. PMID:23015762

Electromagnetic Propagation Problems in the Tactical Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-04-01

Radio Consultative Committee of the International Telecommunications Union , Geneva 1-9 Table I Frequency Ranges Frequency Band Typical Tactical... Union , Geneva, 1978. 4. Bradley, P. A., AGARD Lecture Series No. 99, Propagation at medium and high frequencies: Practical radio systems and...International Radio Consultative Committee, Antenna Diagrams, International Telecommunication Union , Geneva, 1978. 7. Barghausen, A. F., J. W. Finney, L. L

Minority Pre Co-op Program for High School Graduates.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Union Carbide Corp., Oak Ridge, TN. Nuclear Div.

In a program undertaken by Union Carbide to encourage black students to enter science and engineering studies, five black universities recruited high school graduates. The universities were: Howard Univ., North Carolina A and T State Univ., Southern Univ., Tennessee State Univ., and Tuskegee Institute. Union Carbide provided summer employment for…

Predictors of Time to Union After Operative Fixation of Closed Ankle Fractures.

PubMed

Matson, Andrew P; Hamid, Kamran S; Adams, Samuel B

2017-08-01

Ankle fractures are common and represent a significant burden to society. We aim to report the rate of union as determined by clinical and radiographic data, and to identify factors that predict time to union. A cohort of 112 consecutive patients with isolated, closed, operative malleolar ankle fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation was retrospectively reviewed for time to clinical union. Clinical union was defined based on radiographic and clinical parameters, and delayed union was defined by time to union >12 weeks. Injury characteristics, patient factors and treatment variables were recorded, and statistical techniques employed included the Chi-square test, the Student's T-test, and multivariate linear regression modeling. Forty-two (37.5%) of patients who achieved union did so in less than 12 weeks, and 69 (61.6%) of these patients demonstrated delayed union at a mean of 16.7 weeks (range, 12.1-26.7 weeks), and the remaining patient required revision surgery. Factors associated with higher rates of delayed union or increased time to union included tobacco use, bimalleolar fixation, and high energy mechanism (all p<0.05). In regression analysis, statistically significant negative predictors of time to union were BMI, dislocation of the tibiotalar joint, external fixation for initial stabilization and delay of definitive management (all p<0.05). Patient characteristics, injury factors and treatment variables are predictive of time to union following open reduction and internal fixation of closed ankle fractures. These findings should assist with patient counseling, and help guide the provider when considering adjunctive therapies that promote bone healing. Prognostic, Level IV: Case series.

Attacking 22 entries in rugby union: running demands and differences between successful and unsuccessful entries.

PubMed

Tierney, P; Tobin, D P; Blake, C; Delahunt, E

2017-12-01

Global Positioning System (GPS) technology is commonly utilized in team sports, including rugby union. It has been used to describe the average running demands of rugby union. This has afforded an enhanced understanding of the physical fitness requirements for players. However, research in team sports has suggested that training players relative to average demands may underprepare them for certain scenarios within the game. To date, no research has investigated the running demands of attacking 22 entries in rugby union. Additionally, no research has been undertaken to determine whether differences exist in the running intensity of successful and unsuccessful attacking 22 entries in rugby union. The first aim of this study was to describe the running intensity of attacking 22 entries. The second aim of this study was to investigate whether differences exist in the running intensity of successful and unsuccessful attacking 22 entries. Running intensity was measured using meters per minute (m min -1 ) for (a) total distance, (b) running distance, (c) high-speed running distance, and (d) very high-speed running distance. This study provides normative data for the running intensity of attacking 22 entries in rugby union. Forwards achieved greater high-speed running intensity in successful (3.6 m min -1 ) compared to unsuccessful (1.8 m min -1 ) attacking 22 entries. Forwards should try and achieve greater high-speed running intensity in attacking 22 entries to increase the likelihood of successful outcomes during this period of gameplay. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Seismic monitoring of the bedload transport in La Réunion Island rivers during tropical cyclones

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gonzalez, Alicia; Fontaine, Fabrice. R.; Burtin, Arnaud; Barruol, Guilhem; Recking, Alain; Join, Jean-Lambert; Delcher, Eric

2017-04-01

La Réunion Island, located in the western Indian Ocean, undergoes heavy annual precipitations during the rainy season (Dec to Apr) and particularly during tropical depressions and cyclones. Large rainfalls that affect this volcanic island modify the stream dynamic and control the sediment transport and the very active erosion. However, in situ characterization of sediment transport is difficult during high water stage, requiring indirect observation such as seismic noise. In order to monitor spatial and temporal variations of the river's bed-load during tropical cyclones from the high-frequency seismic noise in La Réunion, we deployed a temporary seismic network of 9 three-component broadband seismometers along two rivers: Rivière des Pluies and Rivière du Mât, both located on the northern side of the island. Seismic data are supplemented by meteorological and hydrological stations installed in these experimental watersheds. They provide valuable data such as precipitations, water discharge and water level. We also characterized the stream morphology and the bed surface grain size distribution to set the current characteristics and we aim to repeat this analyze after each flood event in order to quantify the effect of the flood episode on the sediment transport. We present the results of the signature of the cyclone Bejisa which passed close to the island in January 2014 recorded at three broadband seismic stations, among which two are located near instrumented streams: station SALA installed close to the Rivière du Mât and the permanent GEOSCOPE seismic station RER installed in a 4.7 km long tunnel close to the Rivière de l'Est. The third station MAID is used as a reference station since it is located on a summit (2.190 km altitude) and far from any active river. We observe a significant increase of the precipitation as the cyclone eye was at 300 km to the island and the associated increase of the water discharge clearly generates a sudden increase of the seismic signal power spectral density above 1 Hz. Comparison between the high-frequency seismic signals measured at the three stations and the hydrological and meteorological data allow us identifying the characteristics of the river bedload.

Introduction of African swine fever into the European Union through illegal importation of pork and pork products.

PubMed

Costard, Solenne; Jones, Bryony Anne; Martínez-López, Beatriz; Mur, Lina; de la Torre, Ana; Martínez, Marta; Sánchez-Vizcaíno, Fernando; Sánchez-Vizcaíno, Jose-Manuel; Pfeiffer, Dirk Udo; Wieland, Barbara

2013-01-01

Transboundary animal diseases can have very severe socio-economic impacts when introduced into new regions. The history of disease incursions into the European Union suggests that initial outbreaks were often initiated by illegal importation of meat and derived products. The European Union would benefit from decision-support tools to evaluate the risk of disease introduction caused by illegal imports in order to inform its surveillance strategy. However, due to the difficulty in quantifying illegal movements of animal products, very few studies of this type have been conducted. Using African swine fever as an example, this work presents a novel risk assessment framework for disease introduction into the European Union through illegal importation of meat and products. It uses a semi-quantitative approach based on factors that likely influence the likelihood of release of contaminated smuggled meat and products, and subsequent exposure of the susceptible population. The results suggest that the European Union is at non-negligible risk of African swine fever introduction through illegal importation of pork and products. On a relative risk scale with six categories from negligible to very high, five European Union countries were estimated at high (France, Germany, Italy and United Kingdom) or moderate (Spain) risk of African swine fever release, five countries were at high risk of exposure if African swine fever were released (France, Italy, Poland, Romania and Spain) and ten countries had a moderate exposure risk (Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Portugal, Sweden and United Kingdom). The approach presented here and results obtained for African swine fever provide a basis for the enhancement of risk-based surveillance systems and disease prevention programmes in the European Union.

Spatial patterns of AFLP diversity in Bulbophyllum occultum (Orchidaceae) indicate long-term refugial isolation in Madagascar and long-distance colonization effects in La Réunion.

PubMed

Jaros, U; Fischer, G A; Pailler, T; Comes, H P

2016-05-01

Bulbophyllum occultum, an epiphytic orchid mainly distributed in the rainforests of (north)eastern Madagascar and La Réunion, represents an interesting model case for testing the effects of anthropogenic vs historical (e.g., climate induced) habitat isolation and long-distance colonization on the genetic structure of plant species with disjunct distributions in the Madagascan region. To this aim, we surveyed amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) across 13 populations in Madagascar and nine in La Réunion (206 individuals in total). We found overall high levels of population subdivision (Φ(PT)=0.387) and low within-population diversity (H(E), range: 0.026-0.124), indicating non-equilibrium conditions in a mainly selfing species. There was no impact of recent deforestation (Madagascar) or habitat disturbance (La Réunion) detectable on AFLP diversity. K-means clustering and BARRIER analyses identified multiple gene pools and several genetic breaks, both within and among islands. Inter-island levels of population genetic diversity and subdivision were similar, whereby inter-individual divergence in flower colour explained a significant part of gene pool divergence in La Réunion. Our results suggest that (i) B. occultum persisted across multiple isolated ('refugial') regions along the eastern rainforest corridor of Madagascar over recent climatic cycles and (ii) populations in La Réunion arose from either single or few independent introductions from Madagascar. High selfing rates and sufficient time for genetic drift likely promoted unexpectedly high population genetic and phenotypic (flower colour) differentiation in La Réunion. Overall, this study highlights a strong imprint of history on the genetic structure of a low-gene-dispersing epiphytic orchid from the Madagascan region.

TAC management in North Sea flatfish fisheries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Daan, Niels

1997-11-01

The Common Fisheries Policy of the European Union adopted in 1983 is primarily focused on a science-based TAC management system with fixed national quota shares. The quality of the assessments of plaice and sole, the consistency of the scientific advice, the congruency of the management decisions, and the enforcement of the regulations are reviewed over a 15-year period. The conclusion is that there have been problems at each level, with the ultimate effect that the policy has not been able to restrict fishing mortality and that the level of overexploitation has only increased. It is argued that the present TAC system has created more problems than it has resolved. Attention is drawn to the autonomic economic developments within the fishery and to the potential for managing the fishery more effectively from the cost side rather than the profit side.

Fully Implanted Brain-Computer Interface in a Locked-In Patient with ALS.

PubMed

Vansteensel, Mariska J; Pels, Elmar G M; Bleichner, Martin G; Branco, Mariana P; Denison, Timothy; Freudenburg, Zachary V; Gosselaar, Peter; Leinders, Sacha; Ottens, Thomas H; Van Den Boom, Max A; Van Rijen, Peter C; Aarnoutse, Erik J; Ramsey, Nick F

2016-11-24

Options for people with severe paralysis who have lost the ability to communicate orally are limited. We describe a method for communication in a patient with late-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), involving a fully implanted brain-computer interface that consists of subdural electrodes placed over the motor cortex and a transmitter placed subcutaneously in the left side of the thorax. By attempting to move the hand on the side opposite the implanted electrodes, the patient accurately and independently controlled a computer typing program 28 weeks after electrode placement, at the equivalent of two letters per minute. The brain-computer interface offered autonomous communication that supplemented and at times supplanted the patient's eye-tracking device. (Funded by the Government of the Netherlands and the European Union; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02224469 .).

Repair of a mandibular defect with a free vascularized coccygeal vertebra transfer in a dog.

PubMed

Yeh, L S; Hou, S M

1994-01-01

Bilateral mandibular defects in a male mongrel dog were repaired. On the left side, a free vascularized coccygeal bone graft that included the median caudal artery and caudal vein was used to correct the defect. On the right side, the defect was bridged with a bone plate and screws. For further immobilization, the muzzle was temporarily taped for 3 weeks and a pharyngostomy tube was used for nutritional support. The dog was able to eat dry commercial food satisfactorily within 2 months of surgery despite mild malocclusion. Radiographs taken 2 months and 18 months postoperatively showed bony union with graft hypertrophy in the left mandible, whereas the right mandibular defect showed protracted nonunion. The results indicate that vascularized coccygeal vertebra transfer provides an alternative for the management of canine mandibular defects.

Early mantle heterogeneities in the Réunion hotspot source inferred from highly siderophile elements in cumulate xenoliths

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peters, Bradley J.; Day, James M. D.; Taylor, Lawrence A.

2016-08-01

Ultramafic cumulate rocks form during intrusive crystallization of high-MgO magmas, incorporating relatively high abundances of compatible elements, including Cr and Ni, and high abundances of the highly siderophile elements (HSE: Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, Pd, Re). Here, we utilize a suite of cumulate xenoliths from Piton de la Fournaise, La Réunion (Indian Ocean), to examine the mantle source composition of the Réunion hotspot using HSE abundances and Os isotopes. Dunite and wherlite xenoliths and associated lavas from the Piton de la Fournaise volcanic complex span a range of MgO contents (46 to 7 wt.%), yet exhibit remarkably homogeneous 187Os/188Os (0.1324 ± 0.0014, 2σ), representing the Os-isotopic composition of Réunion hotspot primary melts. A significant fraction of the xenoliths also have primitive upper-mantle (PUM) normalized HSE patterns with elevated Ru and Pd (PUM-normalized Ru/Ir and Pd/Ir of 0.8-6.3 and 0.2-7.2, respectively). These patterns are not artifacts of alteration, fractional crystallization, or partial melting processes, but rather require a primary magma with similar relative enrichments. Some highly olivine-phyric (>40 modal percent olivine) Piton de la Fournaise lavas also preserve these relative Ru and Pd enrichments, while others preserve a pattern that is likely related to sulfur saturation in evolved melts. The estimate of HSE abundances in PUM indicates high Ru/Ir and Pd/Pt values relative to carbonaceous, ordinary and enstatite chondrite meteorite groups. Thus, the existence of cumulate rocks with even more fractionated HSE patterns relative to PUM suggests that the Réunion hotspot samples a yet unrecognized mantle source. The origin of fractionated HSE patterns in Réunion melts may arise from sampling of a mantle source that experienced limited late accretion (<0.2% by mass) compared with PUM (0.5-0.8%), possibly involving impactors that were distinct from present-day chondrites, or limited core-mantle interactions. Given the remarkably homogeneous Os, Pb, and noble-gas isotopic signatures of Réunion, which plot near the convergence point of isotopic data for many hotspots, such a conclusion provides evidence for an early differentiated and subsequently isolated mantle domain that may be partially sampled by some ocean island basalts.

Prevalence of dental trauma and use of mouthguards in rugby union players.

PubMed

Ilia, E; Metcalfe, K; Heffernan, M

2014-12-01

There is a high prevalence of orofacial trauma in rugby union players. Mouthguards reduce complications following dental injuries, should dental injuries occur. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of oral trauma and the significance of mouthguard use in adult amateur rugby union players in New South Wales, Australia. Questionnaires were distributed to players in rugby union clubs. It questioned players about their mouthguard use and orofacial trauma experience; the type of injury, complications, if a mouthguard was worn, where treatment was sought and outcome. The prevalence of orofacial trauma in rugby union players is 64.9%. The most common injury was laceration to intraoral and extraoral soft tissues at 44.5%. Of all orofacial injuries reported, 41.9% were to the dentition. Following dental injury, loss of the tooth was the most common complication (34.7%). 76.9% of players wore mouthguards. By wearing a mouthguard, the risk reduction for ongoing complications following dental injuries was 18.5% (p-value = 0.009). Of these, 10.4% (p-value = 0.45) represented loss of the tooth. Rates of orofacial trauma and complications in amateur rugby union players are high in Australia. Use of mouthguards results in significant risk reduction for complications following dental injuries, including loss of tooth. © 2014 Australian Dental Association.

Unions, Health and Safety Committees, and Workplace Accidents in the Korean Manufacturing Sector.

PubMed

Kim, Woo-Yung; Cho, Hm-Hak

2016-06-01

Despite the declining trend of workplace accidents in Republic of Korea, its level is still quite high compared with that in other developed countries. Factors that are responsible for high workplace accidents have not been well documented in Republic of Korea. The main purpose of this paper is to estimate the effects of unions and health and safety committees on workplace accidents in Korean manufacturing firms. We also allow for the interactions between unions and health and safety committees in the analysis. The results obtained in this paper will not only contribute to the literature in this field, but might also be useful for employers and worker representatives who are trying to find an effective way to reduce workplace accidents. This paper utilizes the 2012 Occupational Safety and Health Trend Survey data, which is a unique data set providing information on workplace injuries and illness as well as other characteristics of participatory firms, representative of the manufacturing industry in Republic of Korea. In estimating the effects of unions and health and safety committees, we build a negative binomial regression model in which the interactions between unions and health and safety committees are permissible in reducing workplace accidents. Health and safety committees were found to reduce the incidence of accidents whereas unionized establishments have higher incidence of accidents than nonunionized establishments. We also found that health and safety committees can more effectively reduce accidents in nonunionized establishments. By contrast, nonexclusive joint committees can more effectively reduce accidents in unionized establishments.

A Look at the Future from the College Union and Activities Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Benedict, Joseph H., Jr.

1984-01-01

Future societal trends and implications for the college union and student activities profession are considered. Ten major trends identified by John Naisbitt in his recent book "Megatrends" are used as focal points. Attention is directed to shifts from: an industrial society to an information society; forced technology to high tech/high touch; a…

7. Photocopy of photograph, date unknown. VIEW OF WEST HIGH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. Photocopy of photograph, date unknown. VIEW OF WEST HIGH STREET BRIDGE OVER SOUTH BRANCH OF FRENCH CREEK, WITH PENN RAILROAD BRIDGE IN BACKGROUND. (Original in Union City Historical Museum.) 8'x10' enlargement from 4'x5' negative. - Bridge Street Bridge, Spanning Little French Creek at Bridge Street, Union City, Erie County, PA

The Epidemiology of Injuries in Australian Professional Rugby Union 2014 Super Rugby Competition

PubMed Central

Whitehouse, Timothy; Orr, Robin; Fitzgerald, Edward; Harries, Simon; McLellan, Christopher P.

2016-01-01

Background: Rugby union is a collision-based ball sport played at the professional level internationally. Rugby union has one of the highest reported incidences of injury of all team sports. Purpose: To identify the characteristics, incidence, and severity of injuries occurring in Australian professional Super Rugby Union. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: The present study was a prospective epidemiology study on a cohort of 180 professional players from 5 Australian Super Rugby teams during the 2014 Super Rugby Union Tournament. Team medical staff collected and submitted daily training and match-play injury data through a secure, web-based electronic platform. The injury data included the main anatomic location of the injury, specific anatomic structure of the injury, injury diagnosis, training or match injury occurrence, main player position, mechanism of injury, and the severity of the injury quantified based on the number of days lost from training and/or competition due to injury. Results: The total combined incidence rate for injury during training and match-play across all Australian Super Rugby Union teams was 6.96 per 1000 hours, with a mean injury severity of 37.45 days lost from training and competition. The match-play injury incidence rate was 66.07 per 1000 hours, with a mean severity of 39.80 days lost from training and competition. No significant differences were observed between forward- and back-playing positions for match or training injury incidence rate or severity. Conclusion: The incidence of injury for the present study was lower during match-play than has previously been reported in professional rugby union; however, the overall time loss was higher compared with previous studies in professional rugby union. The high overall time loss was due fundamentally to a high incidence of injuries with greater than 28 days’ severity. PMID:27069947

The deterrent forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kortunov, S.

The rapid changes that are occurring in Europe and in the world at large create qualitatively new military and political realities and will force nuclear powers to make major adjustments in their foreign policy and military-technological thinking. The new situation will certainly lead to changes in both the nuclear doctrines of those countries and their approaches to nuclear forces - both strategic and tactical - as will be needed to ensure national security. This applies fully to the Commonwealth of Independent States (the former USSR), whose nuclear doctrine, like that of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), is now beingmore » overhauled. It is well known that the former Soviet Union in its public declarations, including those made at the highest political level, has been strongly critical of the doctrine of deterrence. An unbiased historical analysis of the postwar period also demonstrates that military competition between the Soviet Union and the United States in the nuclear field followed the action-reaction logic, the constraining factors being primarily financial and technological rather than moral. Parity was initially interpreted as numerical equality in strategic nuclear arms and later as rough equality in operational nuclear capabilities. Another confirmation that the Soviet Union had based its policy precisely on the doctrine of deterrence is the Antiballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty, which limits the antiballistic missile systems of the two sides to purely symbolic numbers of ABMs and effectively exposes the former Soviet Union and the United States to a retaliatory strike. Nuclear deterrence is a modus vivendi of the world we live in, and it will stay that way until nations devise a fundamentally new system of maintaining international security. The problem is that the nuclear powers have more than enough nuclear weapons to make deterrence work effectively.« less

Mechanisms and Factors Associated With Tackle-Related Injuries in South African Youth Rugby Union Players.

PubMed

Burger, Nicholas; Lambert, Mike Ian; Viljoen, Wayne; Brown, James Craig; Readhead, Clint; den Hollander, Steve; Hendricks, Sharief

2017-02-01

The majority of injuries in rugby union occur during tackle events. The mechanisms and causes of these injuries are well established in senior rugby union. To use information from an injury database and assess video footage of tackle-related injuries in youth rugby union matches to identify environmental factors and mechanisms that are potentially confounding to these injuries. Descriptive epidemiological study. Injury surveillance was conducted at the under-18 Craven Week rugby tournament. Tackle-related injury information was used to identify injury events in match video footage (role-matched noninjury tackle events were identified for the cohort of injured players). Events were coded using match situational variables (precontact, contact, and postcontact). Relative risk ratio (RRR; ratio of probability of an injury or noninjury outcome occurring when a characteristic was observed) was reported by use of logistic regression. In comparison with the first quarter, injury risk was greater in the third (RRR = 9.75 [95% CI, 1.71-55.64]; P = .010) and fourth quarters (RRR = 6.97 [95% CI, 1.09-44.57]; P = .040) for ball carriers and in the fourth quarter (RRR = 9.63 [95% CI, 1.94-47.79]; P = .006) for tacklers. Ball carriers were less likely to be injured when they were aware of impending contact (RRR = 0.14 [95% CI, 0.03-0.66]; P = .012) or when they executed a moderate fend (hand-off) (RRR = 0.22 [95% CI, 0.06-0.84]; P = .026). Tacklers were less likely to be injured when performing shoulder tackles (same side as leading leg) in comparison to an arm-only tackle (RRR = 0.02 [95% CI, 0.001-0.79]; P = .037). Ball carriers (RRR = 0.09 [95% CI, 0.01-0.89]; P = .040) and tacklers (RRR = 0.02 [95% CI, 0.001-0.32]; P =.006) were less likely to be injured when initial contact was made with the tackler's shoulder/arm instead of his head/neck. The relative risk of tackle-related injury was higher toward the end of matches. Incorrect technique may contribute to increased injury risk. Implementing recovery strategies between matches, training safe and effective techniques, and improving levels of conditioning may counter the negative effects of fatigue. These findings may assist stakeholders in youth rugby to formulate injury prevention strategies and may improve the preparation of field-side medical staff for managing tackle-related injuries at these or similar tournaments.

West Europe Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-05-23

Kraftwerk Union Power Plant... DER SPIEGEL: ...a 100-percent Siemens daughter enterprise... Kaske: ...to companies which are participating in the...major competitor, Kraftwerk Union AG (KWU) at Muelheim on the Ruhr, with its mass-produced light-water reactors. The High Temperature Reactor

Prevalence of and interest in unionization among staff pharmacists.

PubMed

Zgarrick, David P; McHugh, Patrick P; Droege, Marcus

2006-09-01

Although the propensity for staff pharmacists to join a labor union has never been high, conditions in the profession and workplace have changed over the last decade. Some of these changes may result in staff pharmacists joining a labor union, as well as increased interest in staff pharmacists who are currently not union members to join. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess the degree of union membership among staff pharmacists in 6 states, (2) compare the practice settings, work activities and conditions, compensation, and demographic characteristics between union and nonunion staff pharmacists, (3) assess the level of interest in joining a union among nonunion staff pharmacists, and (4) compare the practice settings, work activities and working conditions, wages and benefits, and demographic characteristics between nonunion staff pharmacists interested in joining a union and nonunion staff pharmacists who were not interested in joining a union. A biennial pharmacist compensation study was conducted in 6 states (Florida, Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota, Tennessee, Wisconsin) in late 2003. Randomly selected pharmacists were mailed a self-administered questionnaire asking about their practice setting, work activities and conditions, wages and benefits, and demographic characteristics. Respondents were also asked to indicate current membership in a union and, if not a member, their desire to unionize their workplace. Compensation and unionization data were provided by 2,180 respondents (27% usable response rate), of which 1,226 (56%) were staff pharmacists. Eight percent of the staff pharmacists were union members, whereas 18% of nonunion members would vote to unionize their workplace. There were few statistically significant differences between union and nonunion staff pharmacists regarding work activities, working conditions, and hourly wages. However, the benefits provided to union staff pharmacists differed from those provided to nonunion staff pharmacists in several ways. Union staff pharmacists were younger than their nonunion counterparts (40.9 vs 44.5 years, P=.01), yet had worked for their current employers a longer time (11.1 vs 7.3 years, P=.03). Nonunion staff pharmacists interested in joining a union differed from those who would not by practice location and setting, working conditions, and benefits. Although the union membership rate among staff pharmacists is relatively low, there are geographic and practice areas where membership rates are higher. Differences in work activities, working conditions, wages, and benefits were noted between union and nonunion staff pharmacists as well as between those who would join a union and those who would not. These differences merit further investigation, especially with respect to evaluating the effectiveness of unions and identifying factors that may lead nonunionized staff pharmacists to join a union.

Transcriptomic Analysis Provides Insights into Grafting Union Development in Pecan (Carya illinoinensis).

PubMed

Mo, Zhenghai; Feng, Gang; Su, Wenchuan; Liu, Zhuangzhuang; Peng, Fangren

2018-02-05

Pecan ( Carya illinoinensis ), as a popular nut tree, has been widely planted in China in recent years. Grafting is an important technique for its cultivation. For a successful grafting, graft union development generally involves the formation of callus and vascular bundles at the graft union. To explore the molecular mechanism of graft union development, we applied high throughput RNA sequencing to investigate the transcriptomic profiles of graft union at four timepoints (0 days, 8 days, 15 days, and 30 days) during the pecan grafting process. After de novo assembly, 83,693 unigenes were obtained, and 40,069 of them were annotated. A total of 12,180 differentially expressed genes were identified between by grafting. Genes involved in hormone signaling, cell proliferation, xylem differentiation, cell elongation, secondary cell wall deposition, programmed cell death, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging showed significant differential expression during the graft union developmental process. In addition, we found that the content of auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin were accumulated at the graft unions during the grafting process. These results will aid in our understanding of successful grafting in the future.

Transcriptomic Analysis Provides Insights into Grafting Union Development in Pecan (Carya illinoinensis)

PubMed Central

Mo, Zhenghai; Feng, Gang; Su, Wenchuan; Liu, Zhuangzhuang; Peng, Fangren

2018-01-01

Pecan (Carya illinoinensis), as a popular nut tree, has been widely planted in China in recent years. Grafting is an important technique for its cultivation. For a successful grafting, graft union development generally involves the formation of callus and vascular bundles at the graft union. To explore the molecular mechanism of graft union development, we applied high throughput RNA sequencing to investigate the transcriptomic profiles of graft union at four timepoints (0 days, 8 days, 15 days, and 30 days) during the pecan grafting process. After de novo assembly, 83,693 unigenes were obtained, and 40,069 of them were annotated. A total of 12,180 differentially expressed genes were identified between by grafting. Genes involved in hormone signaling, cell proliferation, xylem differentiation, cell elongation, secondary cell wall deposition, programmed cell death, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging showed significant differential expression during the graft union developmental process. In addition, we found that the content of auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin were accumulated at the graft unions during the grafting process. These results will aid in our understanding of successful grafting in the future. PMID:29401757

The transition to a deterrence posture more reliant on strategic defenses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chrzanowski, Paul L.

1988-12-01

Strategic nuclear deterrence is currently based on the overwhelming capability of the arsenals of the two superpowers. Massive damage would be inflicted upon the military forces and industrial capacity of both sides should nuclear war occur and escalation of conflict not be controlled. Nuclear deterrence has fostered a condition of peace in central Europe and an absence of direct conflict between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. However, some question whether deterrence will remain effective into the indefinite future, and should deterrence fail the consequences are grave.

From Eastern Europe to Western China; The Growing Role of Turkey in the World and it’s Implications for Western Interests

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-01-01

Growing trade with the Arab world, and the increased presence of Arab investment in Turkey, introduced a slightly more acceptable "Islamic orienta...to market economies with very limited economic in- centives for Turkey. Turkey has only limited abilities to invest and even less money available for...Russia. From the Russian side, too, the bugaboo of "Pan-Turkism," so long touted by a Soviet Union fearful of resurgent internal nationalisms, has now be

The Impact of the 2008 Economic Crisis on Substance Use Patterns in the Countries of the European Union.

PubMed

Dom, Geert; Samochowiec, Jerzy; Evans-Lacko, Sara; Wahlbeck, Kristian; Van Hal, Guido; McDaid, David

2016-01-13

From 2008 on, a severe economic crisis (EC) has characterized the European Union (E.U.). However, changes in substance use behavioral patterns as a result of the economic crisis in Europe, have been poorly reflected upon, and underlying mechanisms remain to be identified; In this review we explore and systematize the available data on the effect of the 2008 economic crisis on patterns of substance use and related disorders, within the E.U. countries; The results show that effects of the recession need to be differentiated. A number of studies point to reductions in population's overall substance use. In contrast, an increase in harmful use and negative effects is found within specific subgroups within the society. Risk factors include job-loss and long-term unemployment, and pre-existing vulnerabilities. Finally, our findings point to differences between types of substances in their response on economic crisis periods; the effects of the 2008 economic crisis on substance use patterns within countries of the European Union are two-sided. Next to a reduction in a population's overall substance use, a number of vulnerable subgroups experience serious negative effects. These groups are in need of specific attention and support, given that there is a real risk that they will continue to suffer negative health effects long after the economic downfall has formally been ended.

The Impact of the 2008 Economic Crisis on Substance Use Patterns in the Countries of the European Union

PubMed Central

Dom, Geert; Samochowiec, Jerzy; Evans-Lacko, Sara; Wahlbeck, Kristian; Van Hal, Guido; McDaid, David

2016-01-01

Background: From 2008 on, a severe economic crisis (EC) has characterized the European Union (E.U.). However, changes in substance use behavioral patterns as a result of the economic crisis in Europe, have been poorly reflected upon, and underlying mechanisms remain to be identified; Methods: In this review we explore and systematize the available data on the effect of the 2008 economic crisis on patterns of substance use and related disorders, within the E.U. countries; Results: The results show that effects of the recession need to be differentiated. A number of studies point to reductions in population’s overall substance use. In contrast, an increase in harmful use and negative effects is found within specific subgroups within the society. Risk factors include job-loss and long-term unemployment, and pre-existing vulnerabilities. Finally, our findings point to differences between types of substances in their response on economic crisis periods; Conclusions: the effects of the 2008 economic crisis on substance use patterns within countries of the European Union are two-sided. Next to a reduction in a population’s overall substance use, a number of vulnerable subgroups experience serious negative effects. These groups are in need of specific attention and support, given that there is a real risk that they will continue to suffer negative health effects long after the economic downfall has formally been ended. PMID:26771628

Dark side of the Universe after Planck data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, Cheng; Huang, Qing-Guo

2014-02-01

Recently released Planck data imply a smaller Hubble constant H0 than that from the Hubble Space Telescope project (HST) and a larger percentage of the matter components Ωm compared to the Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS) in the Λ cold dark matter (CDM) model. In this paper we found that even though the tension on H0 between Planck and HST can be relaxed if the dark radiation is introduced [ΔNeff=0.536-0.224+0.229 at 68% CL from the data sets of Planck+WMAP polarization (WP)+baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO)+the combination of supernova Union2.1 compilation of 580 Supernovae (Union2.1)+HST], Ωm from Planck is still not nicely compatible with that from SNLS. The tensions between Planck and other astrophysical data sets can be significantly relaxed in the wCDM model, and the combination of these data sets prefers a phantomlike dark energy at more than 95% CL: w =-1.15±0.07 and w=-1.16±0.06 at 68% CL from Planck+WP+BAO+Union2.1+HST and Planck+WP+BAO+SNLS+HST, respectively. From the statistical point of view, there is no evidence for a time-evolving equation of state (Δχ2=-0.3 compared to a constant equation of state for the combination of Planck+WP+BAO+SNLS+HST).

A Teacher's Point of View on Family Life (Sex) Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gawlinski, Judy R.

2007-01-01

As a Family and Consumer Science educator at Union City High School in Union City, Pennsylvania, I have heard and seen a great deal. I have been teaching for 24 years at this rural Pennsylvania Middle/High School where teen pregnancy has always been a problem. Teaching students abstinence as the only method of birth control has been a major…

Organized Labor and Racial Wage Inequality in the United States1

PubMed Central

Rosenfeld, Jake; Kleykamp, Meredith

2014-01-01

Why have African-American private-sector unionization rates surpassed those of white workers for decades, and how has private-sector union decline exacerbated black-white wage inequality? Using data from the Current Population Survey (1973–2007), the authors show that African-Americans join unions for protection against discriminatory treatment in nonunion sectors. A model-predicted wage series also shows that, among women, black-white weekly wage gaps would be between 13% and 30% lower if union representation remained at high levels. The effect of deunionization on racial wage inequality for men is less substantial, but without deunionization, weekly wages for black men would be an estimated $49 higher. The results recast organized labor as an institution vital for its economic inclusion of African-American men and women. This study points to the need to move beyond class-based analyses of union decline to an understanding of the gendered role unions once played in mitigating racial inequality. PMID:25620802

Injury trends and prevention in rugby union football.

PubMed

MacQueen, Amy E; Dexter, William W

2010-01-01

Rugby union football has long been one of the most popular sports in the world. Its popularity and number of participants continue to increase in the United States. Until 1995, rugby union primarily was an amateur sport. Worldwide there are now flourishing professional leagues in many countries, and after a long absence, rugby union will be returning to the Olympic games in 2016. In the United States, rugby participation continues to increase, particularly at the collegiate and high school levels. With the increase in rugby professional athletes and the reported increase in aggressive play, there have been changes to the injury patterns in the sport. There is still significant need for further epidemiologic data as there is evidence that injury prevention programs and rule changes have been successful in decreasing the number of catastrophic injuries in rugby union.

The Union Way To Better Seamanship

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Knight, William J.

1971-01-01

Education has been provided for the training of novices and the advancement of experienced workers on board ships by the Seafarer's Union. Through this program seamanship students can obtain a high school diploma by passing a special form of equivalency test. (RB)

An investigation of shoulder forces in active shoulder tackles in rugby union football.

PubMed

Usman, Juliana; McIntosh, Andrew S; Fréchède, Bertrand

2011-11-01

In rugby union football the tackle is the most frequently executed skill and one most associated with injury, including shoulder injury to the tackler. Despite the importance of the tackle, little is known about the magnitude of shoulder forces in the tackle and influencing factors. The objectives of the study were to measure the shoulder force in the tackle, as well as the effects of shoulder padding, skill level, side of body, player size, and experimental setting on shoulder force. Experiments were conducted in laboratory and field settings using a repeated measures design. Thirty-five participants were recruited to the laboratory and 98 to the field setting. All were male aged over 18 years with rugby experience. The maximum force applied to the shoulder in an active shoulder tackle was measured with a custom built forceplate incorporated into a 45 kg tackle bag. The overall average maximum shoulder force was 1660 N in the laboratory and 1997 N in the field. This difference was significant. The shoulder force for tackling without shoulder pads was 1684 N compared to 1635 N with shoulder pads. There was no difference between the shoulder forces on the dominant and non-dominant sides. Shoulder force reduced with tackle repetition. No relationship was observed between player skill level and size. A substantial force can be applied to the shoulder and to an opponent in the tackle. This force is within the shoulder's injury tolerance range and is unaffected by shoulder pads. Copyright © 2011 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Bone morphogenetic proteins: a powerful osteoinductive compound with non-negligible side effects and limitations.

PubMed

Oryan, Ahmad; Alidadi, Soodeh; Moshiri, Ali; Bigham-Sadegh, Amin

2014-01-01

Healing and regeneration of large bone defects leading to non-unions is a great concern in orthopedic surgery. Since auto- and allografts have limitations, bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) has attempted to solve this issue. In TERM, healing promotive factors are necessary to regulate the several important events during healing. An ideal treatment strategy should provide osteoconduction, osteoinduction, osteogenesis, and osteointegration of the graft or biomaterials within the healing bone. Since many materials have osteoconductive properties, only a few biomaterials have osteoinductive properties which are important for osteogenesis and osteointegration. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are potent inductors of the osteogenic and angiogenic activities during bone repair. The BMPs can regulate the production and activity of some growth factors which are necessary for the osteogenesis. Since the introduction of BMP, it has added a valuable tool to the surgeon's possibilities and is most commonly used in bone defects. Despite significant evidences suggesting their potential benefit on bone healing, there are some evidences showing their side effects such as ectopic bone formation, osteolysis and problems related to cost effectiveness. Bone tissue engineering may create a local environment, using the delivery systems, which enables BMPs to carry out their activities and to lower cost and complication rate associated with BMPs. This review represented the most important concepts and evidences regarding the role of BMPs on bone healing and regeneration from basic to clinical application. The major advantages and disadvantages of such biologic compounds together with the BMPs substitutes are also discussed. © 2014 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

High Frontier, The Journal for Space & Missile Professionals. Volume 5, Number 4

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-08-01

MoD Senior Responsible Owner for both Space and UAVs. He is president of RAF Rugby Union , president of the Northern Ireland Wing of the Air Training...President Bill Clinton claimed a ‘peace dividend’ after the fall of the Soviet Union . Vice President Al Gore promoted greater use by Department of...countries of the former Soviet Union . His final assignment was as the US de- fense and air attaché to Turkey where he also flew the C-12. He is a

JPRS Report, Soviet Union, Political Affairs, On Stalin and Stalinism: Historical Essays by Roy Medvedev

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-07-05

commander, if the previous one is seriously wounded, as the Church needs a new high priest if the former has gone to his Maker, so a political party...JPRS-UPA-89-042 5 JULY 1989 JPRS »I» —-.I::::1: ’^ m Tariff x Soviet Union Political Affairs ON STALIN AND STALINISM: HISTORICAL ESSAYS By...Soviet Union Political Affairs ON STALIN AND STALINISM: HISTORICAL ESSAYS By Roy Medvedev JPRS-UPA-89-042 CONTENTS 5 JULY 1989 18300508 Moscow

Understanding the Evolution of an Oceanic Intraplate Volcano From Seismic Reflection Data: A New Model for La Réunion, Indian Ocean

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lebas, E.; Le Friant, A.; Deplus, C.; de Voogd, B.

2018-02-01

High-resolution seismic reflection profiles gathered in 2006 on La Réunion submarine flanks and surrounding abyssal plain, enabled characterization of the seismostratigraphy architecture of the volcaniclastic apron. Four seismic units are defined beyond the edifice base: (1) a basal unit, interpreted as pelagic sediment predating La Réunion volcanism; (2) a second unit showing low- to medium-amplitude reflections, related to La Réunion emergence including the submarine explosive phase; (3) a high-amplitude seismic unit, associated with subaerial volcanic activity (i.e., mature island stage); and (4) an acoustically transparent unit, ascribed to erosion that currently affects the volcanic complex. Two prominent horizons delineate the base of the units II and III marking, respectively, the onset of La Réunion seamount explosive activity and the Piton des Neiges volcanic activity. Related isopach maps demonstrate: (1) the existence of a large proto-Piton des Neiges volcano during the first building phase of the volcanic complex, and (2) the central role of the Piton des Neiges volcano during the second phase. Shield growth stage of the Piton de la Fournaise volcano is also captured in the upper part of the volcaniclastic apron, attesting to its recent contribution. Seismic facies identified in the apron highlight a prevalence of sedimentary and reworking processes since the onset of the volcanism compared to catastrophic flank collapses. We present here a new model of evolution for La Réunion volcanic complex since the onset of the volcanism and argue that a major proto Piton des Neiges-Piton des Neiges volcanic complex controls La Réunion present-day morphology.

Phoenix Union High School District #210 Adult Academy Evaluation Report, 1980-81. Research Services Report No. 33:08:80/81:010.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Norris, Carol A.; Wheeler, Linda

The Adult Reading Academy, a federally-funded service of the Phoenix Union High School District, serves native- and foreign-born adult students who are deficient in the basic skills of reading, writing, arithmetic, and oral communication. In 1980/81, the program served 476 students at 17 sites. Approximately 24 percent of the clients served were…

Nitrogen behaviour during thermal drying of mechanically dewatered biosludge from pulp and paper industry.

PubMed

Mustonen, Kati; Deviatkin, Ivan; Havukainen, Jouni; Horttanainen, Mika

2018-04-01

An ongoing call to implement a circular economy is underway in the European Union, and a specific attention has been placed on the forest industry, which seeks additional recycling routes for its side streams, including biosludge. Biosludge is often dried and incinerated, thus wasting the nitrogen contained therein. This paper describes a study in which the release of nitrogen during thermal drying, the impact of the drying temperatures of 130°C, 180°C, and 210°C on the mass of ammonia released, and the potential for recovery of nitrogen from biosludge were examined. The results indicate that 1310-1730 mg kgTS -1 of nitrogen was released, which corresponded to 56-74% of the soluble nitrogen in biosolids or 4.0-5.3% of the total nitrogen. Of this released nitrogen, 83-85% was identified in condensate and absorbing water, thus indicating a high potential for recovering nitrogen from biosludge.

Socioeconomic Status and Unionization Attitudes in the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cornfield, Daniel B.; Kim, Hyunhee

1994-01-01

Survey responses from a national sample of 1,195 nonunion, nonfarm workers suggest that corporations legitimize themselves by appealing to occupational identities of high-status workers, whereas unions legitimize themselves by appealing to social background identities (ethnic, racial, and gender identities) of low-status workers. Prounion…

A PC Program to Calculate the One-Sided Lower Tolerance Limit for Total Ionizing Dose Radiation Data

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-08-01

include <graphics .h> #define VEDIO OxlO #define ESC 27 1* Decelerations * FILE *pfile; FILE *outf; FILE *inf; mnt n; mnt un; float max scale...regs.h.ah=2; regs .h.dh=y; regs .h.dl=x; regs .h.bh=O; int86( VEDIO , ®s, ®s); char attribute(char blink, char back-color,char intensity, char...set lint mode) union REGS regs; regs.h.ah=O; regs h a l-mode; int86( VEDIO , ®s, ®s); void str-color (char x, char y, char *str, char blink, char

Assessment of collection schemes for packaging and other recyclable waste in European Union-28 Member States and capital cities.

PubMed

Seyring, Nicole; Dollhofer, Marie; Weißenbacher, Jakob; Bakas, Ioannis; McKinnon, David

2016-09-01

The Waste Framework Directive obliged European Union Member States to set up separate collection systems to promote high quality recycling for at least paper, metal, plastic and glass by 2015. As implementation of the requirement varies across European Union Member States, the European Commission contracted BiPRO GmbH/Copenhagen Resource Institute to assess the separate collection schemes in the 28 European Union Member States, focusing on capital cities and on metal, plastic, glass (with packaging as the main source), paper/cardboard and bio-waste. The study includes an assessment of the legal framework for, and the practical implementation of, collection systems in the European Union-28 Member States and an in depth-analysis of systems applied in all capital cities. It covers collection systems that collect one or more of the five waste streams separately from residual waste/mixed municipal waste at source (including strict separation, co-mingled systems, door-to-door, bring-point collection and civic amenity sites). A scoreboard including 13 indicators is elaborated in order to measure the performance of the systems with the capture rates as key indicators to identify best performers. Best performance are by the cities of Ljubljana, Helsinki and Tallinn, leading to the key conclusion that door-to-door collection, at least for paper and bio-waste, and the implementation of pay-as-you-throw schemes results in high capture and thus high recycling rates of packaging and other municipal waste. © The Author(s) 2016.

[Female nuptiality: the importance of consensual unions].

PubMed

Ojeda, N

1988-01-01

Mexico's National Demographic Survey of 1982 indicated that 58.4% of ever married women had been in marriages celebrated both civilly and religiously, 24.4% had been in civil marriages only, 3.0% had been in religious marriages only, and 14.2% had been in consensual unions. Transitions from 1 type of union to another by the same couple are very common, however. 53.6% of women began their conjugal lives in civil and religious marriages, 19.3% in civil marriages only, 2.3% in religious marriages only, and 24.6% in consensual unions. About 1/2 of consensual unions are eventually legalized, but the rate is lower in the less advantaged socioeconomic sectors which have a higher proportion of consensual unions. Corrected data show that only 7.5% of Mexican women remain single at the age of 45. The average age at 1st union is 21.4 years. Marriage patterns differ significantly in different social sectors. The proportion of women consensual unions varied from 16.1% for the new bourgeoisie, defined as administrators, technicians, high-level workers, and professional public officials, to over 30% for nonsalaried workers, peasants, and agricultural wage workers. Peasants, agricultural wage workers and nonagricultural nonsalaried workers had the lowest marriage ages and the highest proportion married by age 20. In the various proletarian groups, only 2.8-3.7% remained single at age 45, and 42.5%-51.3% were married or in union by age 20. Proletarian women had intermediate ages at 1st marriage. Women of the new bourgeoisie had the highest age at 1st union, 23 years, but the lowest proportion single at age 45, 1.8%. The traditional bourgeoisie and new bourgeoisie had the 2nd lowest age at 1st union, 21.9, and a proportion never married at age 45 that was similar to the national average. The proportion single at age 45 was highest among peasants and agricultural wage workers, reaching 11.3%.

The effects of extracorporeal shockwave on acute high-energy long bone fractures of the lower extremity.

PubMed

Wang, Ching-Jen; Liu, Hao-Chen; Fu, Te-Hu

2007-02-01

High-energy long bone fractures of the lower extremity are at risk of poor fracture healing and high rate of non-union. Extracorporeal shockwave was shown effective to heal non-union of long bone fracture. However, the effect of shockwave on acute fractures is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of shockwave on acute high-energy fractures of the lower extremity. Between January and October 2004, 56 patients with 59 acute high-energy fractures were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups with 28 patients with 28 fractures in the study group and 28 patients with 31 fractures in the control group. Both groups showed similar age, gender, type of fracture and follow-up time. Patients in the study group received open reduction and internal fixation and shockwave treatment immediately after surgery on odd-numbered days of the week, whereas, patients in the control group received open reduction and internal fixation without shockwave treatment on even-numbered days of the week. Postoperative managements were similarly performed in both groups including crutch walking with non-weight bearing on the affected limb until fracture healing shown on radiographs. The evaluation parameters included clinical assessments of pain score and weight bearing status of the affected leg and serial radiographs at 3, 6 and 12 months. The primary end-point is the rate of non-union at 12 months, and the secondary end point is the rate of fracture healing at 3, 6 and 12 months. At 12 months, the rate of non-union was 11% for the study group versus 20% for the control group (P < 0.001). Significantly, better rate of fracture healing was noted in the study group than the control group at 3, 6 and 12 months (P < 0.001). Extracorporeal shockwave is effective on promoting fracture healing and decreasing the rate of non-union in acute high-energy fractures of the lower extremity.

Nanomedicinal products: a survey on specific toxicity and side effects

PubMed Central

Giannakou, Christina; De Jong, Wim H; Kooi, Myrna W; Park, Margriet VDZ; Vandebriel, Rob J; Bosselaers, Irene EM; Scholl, Joep HG; Geertsma, Robert E

2017-01-01

Due to their specific properties and pharmacokinetics, nanomedicinal products (NMPs) may present different toxicity and side effects compared to non-nanoformulated, conventional medicines. To facilitate the safety assessment of NMPs, we aimed to gain insight into toxic effects specific for NMPs by systematically analyzing the available toxicity data on approved NMPs in the European Union. In addition, by comparing five sets of products with the same active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in a conventional formulation versus a nanoformulation, we aimed to identify any side effects specific for the nano aspect of NMPs. The objective was to investigate whether specific toxicity could be related to certain structural types of NMPs and whether a nanoformulation of an API altered the nature of side effects of the product in humans compared to a conventional formulation. The survey of toxicity data did not reveal nanospecific toxicity that could be related to certain types of structures of NMPs, other than those reported previously in relation to accumulation of iron nanoparticles (NPs). However, given the limited data for some of the product groups or toxicological end points in the analysis, conclusions with regard to (a lack of) potential nanomedicine-specific effects need to be considered carefully. Results from the comparison of side effects of five sets of drugs (mainly liposomes and/or cytostatics) confirmed the induction of pseudo-allergic responses associated with specific NMPs in the literature, in addition to the side effects common to both nanoformulations and regular formulations, eg, with liposomal doxorubicin, and possibly liposomal daunorubicin. Based on the available data, immunotoxicological effects of certain NMPs cannot be excluded, and we conclude that this end point requires further attention. PMID:28883724

Municipal solid waste development phases: Evidence from EU27.

PubMed

Vujić, Goran; Gonzalez-Roof, Alvaro; Stanisavljević, Nemanja; Ragossnig, Arne M

2015-12-01

Many countries in the European Union (EU) have very developed waste management systems. Some of its members have managed to reduce their landfilled waste to values close to zero during the last decade. Thus, European Union legislation is very stringent regarding waste management for their members and candidate countries, too. This raises the following questions: Is it possible for developing and developed countries to comply with the European Union waste legislation, and under what conditions? How did waste management develop in relation to the economic development in the countries of the European Union? The correlation between waste management practices and economic development was analysed for 27 of the European Union Member States for the time period between 1995 and 2007. In addition, a regression analysis was performed to estimate landfilling of waste in relation to gross domestic product for every country. The results showed a strong correlation between the waste management variables and the gross domestic product of the EU27 members. The definition of the municipal solid waste management development phases followed a closer analysis of the relation between gross domestic product and landfilled waste. The municipal solid waste management phases are characterised by high landfilling rates at low gross domestic product levels, and landfilling rates near zero at high gross domestic product levels. Hence the results emphasize the importance of wider understanding of what is required for developing countries to comply with the European Union initiatives, and highlight the importance of allowing developing countries to make their own paths of waste management development. © The Author(s) 2015.

The King-Devick (K-D) test and concussion diagnosis in semi-professional rugby union players.

PubMed

Molloy, John H; Murphy, Ian; Gissane, Conor

2017-08-01

To determine the utility of the King-Devick (K-D) test in identifying sports-related concussion in semi-professional rugby players. Descriptive cohort study. 176 male players were recruited from a semi-professional rugby union competition in New Zealand (NZ). Baseline K-D scores were obtained in the pre-season. Post-match K-D and Pitch Side Concussion Assessment Version 2 (PSCA2) scores were obtained in those with suspected concussion. Post-match K-D scores were also administered to selected control players. 19 concussions in 18 players were analysed. In addition, 33 controls were used for analysis. A positive K-D test was identified in 53% of players with concussion post-match. Conversely, a positive test was identified in 33% of controls. The sensitivity and specificity of the K-D test was calculated as 53% and 69% respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value was 48% and 73% respectively. The PSCA2 correctly identified 74% of concussions. The K-D test identified 3 cases not identified by the PSCA2. When the PSCA2 and K-D were combined, 89% of concussions were correctly identified. The K-D test does not appear to be effective if used as a stand-alone test for the diagnosis of concussion. However, if used alongside current side-line cognitive and balance tests, it may assist in more accurately diagnosing sports-related concussion. Further research should look to utilise the K-D test in in-match protocols to establish if this improves the diagnostic accuracy of in-match protocols for sports-related concussion. Copyright © 2017 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A summary of activities of the US/Soviet-Russian joint working group on space biology and medicine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doarn, Charles R.; Nicogossian, Arnauld E.; Grigoriev, Anatoly I.; Tverskaya, Galina; Orlov, Oleg I.; Ilyin, Eugene A.; Souza, Kenneth A.

2010-10-01

The very foundation of cooperation between the United States (US) and Russia (former Soviet Union) in space exploration is a direct result of the mutual desire for scientific understanding and the creation of a collaborative mechanism—the Joint Working Group (JWG) on Space Biology and Medicine. From the dawn of the space age, it has been the quest of humankind to understand its place in the universe. While nations can and do solve problems independently, it takes nations, working together, to accomplish great things. The formation of the JWG provided an opportunity for the opening of a series of productive relationships between the superpowers, the US and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR); and served as a justification for continued relationship for medical assistance in spaceflight, and to showcase Earth benefits from space medicine research. This relationship has been played out on an international scale with the construction and operation of the International Space Station. The fundamental reason for this successful endeavor is a direct result of the spirit and perseverance of the men and women who have worked diligently side-by-side to promote science and move our understanding of space forward. This manuscript provides a historical perspective of the JWG; how it came about; its evolution; what it accomplished; and what impact it has had and continues to have in the 21st century with regard to human spaceflight and space life sciences research. It captures the spirit of this group, which has been in continuous existence for over 40 years, and provides a never before reported summary of its activities.

Medical Device Regulation: A Comparison of the United States and the European Union.

PubMed

Maak, Travis G; Wylie, James D

2016-08-01

Medical device regulation is a controversial topic in both the United States and the European Union. Many physicians and innovators in the United States cite a restrictive US FDA regulatory process as the reason for earlier and more rapid clinical advances in Europe. The FDA approval process mandates that a device be proved efficacious compared with a control or be substantially equivalent to a predicate device, whereas the European Union approval process mandates that the device perform its intended function. Stringent, peer-reviewed safety data have not been reported. However, after recent high-profile device failures, political pressure in both the United States and the European Union has favored more restrictive approval processes. Substantial reforms of the European Union process within the next 5 to 10 years will result in a more stringent approach to device regulation, similar to that of the FDA. Changes in the FDA regulatory process have been suggested but are not imminent.

Prospect of Health-Plan Tax Draws Union Opposition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Klein, Alyson

2009-01-01

The national teachers' unions are nervously eyeing a provision in a Senate version of the health-care overhaul now working its way through Congress that they say could ultimately squeeze medical benefits for educators. The language would tax insurance companies and plan administrators that offer what the measure defines as high-cost health…

Using Marital Attitudes in Late Adolescence to Predict Later Union Transitions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Willoughby, Brian J.

2014-01-01

Using a sample of 982 late adolescents and tracking them throughout young adulthood, this study investigated whether marital attitudes held during the last year of high school were predictive of union transitions to both cohabitation and marriage during young adulthood. Results using both logistic regression and discrete event history models found…

A Review of Fatigue Crack Growth of Pressure Vessel and Piping Steels in High-Temperature, Pressurized Reactor-Grade Water.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-09-19

ratio, irradiation, materials Germany Kraftwerk Union Materials, temperature, Erlangen, Germany load ratio, frequency, electro- chemical potential Italy...H. Munster, "Frequenzeinfluss auf das Risswachstumsverhalten des Stahles 22NiMoCr37", KWU/R 413/8/80, Kraftwerk Union, Erlangen (1980). 76. D. F

Unionization and Shared Governance at Historically Black Colleges and Universities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davenport, Elizabeth

2015-01-01

Given their history of socio-economic peripheralization and continued struggles for success, one would expect African Americans--especially highly educated ones--to be adept at the various forms of mobilization and advocacy, especially that of labor unions, which have not only provided them access to opportunities but also given them a voice in…

Rates of and circumstances surrounding work-related falls from height among union drywall carpenters in Washington State, 1989-2008.

PubMed

Schoenfisch, Ashley; Lipscomb, Hester; Cameron, Wilfrid; Adams, Darrin; Silverstein, Barbara

2014-12-01

Drywall installers are at high risk for work-related falls from height (FFH). We defined a 20-year (1989-2008) cohort of 5,073 union drywall carpenters in Washington State, their worker-hours, and FFH. FFH rate patterns were examined using Poisson regression. Drywall installers' FFH rates declined over time and varied little by worker age and time in the union. However, among FFH involving drywall sheets, workers with <10 union years were at high risk. Narratives consistently described the surface from which workers fell, commonly scaffolds (33%), ladders (21%), and stilts (13%). Work task, height fallen, protective equipment use, work speed, weather, influence of other workers/workgroups, and tool/equipment specifics were not often reported. In addition to continued efforts to prevent falls from scaffolds and ladders, efforts should address stilt use and less experienced workers who may have greater exposure. Consistency in reported narrative elements may improve FFH risk factor identification and prevention effort evaluation. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[Susceptibility and insecticide resistance mechanisms in Anopheles albimanus from the southern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico].

PubMed

Dzul, Felipe A; Patricia Penilla, R; Rodríguez, Américo D

2007-01-01

To diagnose susceptibility levels and insecticide resistance mechanisms in Anopheles albimanus from the southern Yucatan Peninsula (YP), Mexico. F1 generation of An. albimanus females, collected from November to December 2005 in six villages in the Othon P. Blanco municipality in Quintana Roo and the Calakmul municipality in Campeche, were exposed to deltamethrin, DDT, pirimiphos-methyl and bendiocarb in susceptibility tests, as well as to biochemical assays in order to calculate the enzyme levels related to insecticide resistance. High levels of DDT and deltamethrin resistance were found in An. albimanus collected from the six villages, and a high resistance to pirimiphos-methyl was found in those from La Union, Quintana Roo. Biochemical assays showed high levels of glutathione S-transferase (GST), cytochrome P450 and esterases (with pNPA substrate) in all villages. The frequency of An. albimanus with altered acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was high in La Union (33%). The An. albimanus populations collected in the south of the YP are resistant to DDT and deltamethrin, whereas resistance to pirimiphos-methyl was significant only in those collected from La Union. The mechanisms explaining this resistance are based on high concentrations of GST, cytochrome P450 and esterasas, the former being responsible for DDT metabolism and the others for pyrethroid metabolism. The altered AChE was the mechanism correlated to pirimiphos-methyl resistance in La Union. The results of the present study have important practical consequences for the chemical control of An. albimanus in the south of the YP.

Percutaneous locking plates for fractures of the distal tibia: our experience and a review of the literature.

PubMed

Ahmad, Mudussar Abrar; Sivaraman, Alagappan; Zia, Ahmed; Rai, Amarjit; Patel, Amratlal D

2012-02-01

Distal tibial metaphyseal fractures pose many complexities. This study assessed the outcomes of distal tibial fractures treated with medial locking plates. Eighteen patients were selected based on the fracture pattern and classified using the AO classification and stabilized with an AO medial tibial locking plate. Time to fracture union, complications, and outcomes were assessed with the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle score at 12 months. Sixteen of the 18 patients achieved fracture union, with 1 patient lost to follow-up. Twelve fractures united within 24 weeks, with an average union time of 23.1 weeks. Three delayed unions, two at 28 weeks and one at 56 weeks. The average time to union was 32 weeks in the smokers and 15.3 weeks in the nonsmokers. Five of the 18 patients (27%) developed complications. One superficial wound infection, and one chronic wound infection, resulting in nonunion at 56 weeks, requiring revision. Two patients required plate removal, one after sustaining an open fracture at the proximal end of the plate 6 months after surgery (postfracture union)and the other for painful hardware. One patient had implant failure of three proximal diaphyseal locking screws at the screwhead/neck junction, but successful fracture union. The average American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle score was 88.8 overall, and 92.1 in fractures that united within 24 weeks. Distal tibial locking plates have high fracture union rates, minimum soft tissue complications, and good functional outcomes. The literature shows similar fracture union and complication rates in locking and nonlocking plates. Copyright © 2012 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

On the global "two-sided" characteristic Cauchy problem for linear wave equations on manifolds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lupo, Umberto

2018-04-01

The global characteristic Cauchy problem for linear wave equations on globally hyperbolic Lorentzian manifolds is examined, for a class of smooth initial value hypersurfaces satisfying favourable global properties. First it is shown that, if geometrically well-motivated restrictions are placed on the supports of the (smooth) initial datum and of the (smooth) inhomogeneous term, then there exists a continuous global solution which is smooth "on each side" of the initial value hypersurface. A uniqueness result in Sobolev regularity H^{1/2+ɛ }_{loc} is proved among solutions supported in the union of the causal past and future of the initial value hypersurface, and whose product with the indicator function of the causal future (resp. past) of the hypersurface is past compact (resp. future compact). An explicit representation formula for solutions is obtained, which prominently features an invariantly defined, densitised version of the null expansion of the hypersurface. Finally, applications to quantum field theory on curved spacetimes are briefly discussed.

The ESA contribution to the European Satellite Navigation Programme

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lucas, R.; Lo Galbo, P.; de Mateo, M. L.; Steciw, A.; Ashford, E.

1996-02-01

This paper describes the ESA ARTES-9 programme on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). This programme will be the ESA contribution to the wider European Satellite Navigation Programme which is to be implemented as a joint effort of the European Union, Eurocontrol and ESA with the support of other European bodies such as telecommunication operators, national civil aviation authorities, national space agencies, industry, universities and R&D institutes in general. In fact, in view of the geographical area concerned, the large number of parties interested, the experience required and the global nature of GNSS, the proposed initiative can only be successful if based on a strong cooperation at a European and international scale. The ESA ARTES-9 programme will consist on one side, of the design, development and validation of the European complement to the GPS and GLONASS systems (GNSS1), and on the other side of the study, design and pre-development of the European contribution to follow-on systems: GNSS2.

Is a synthetic augmentation in medial open wedge high tibial osteotomies superior to no augmentation in terms of bone-healing?

PubMed

Ferner, Felix; Dickschas, Joerg; Ostertag, Helmut; Poske, Ulrich; Schwitulla, Judith; Harrer, Joerg; Strecker, Wolf

2016-01-01

Medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) is an established method to treat unicompartimental osteoarthritis of the knee joint. However, augmentation of the created tibial gap after osteotomy is controversially discussed. We performed a prospective investigation of 49 consecutive cases of MOWHTO at our department. Patients were divided into two groups: group A consisted of 19 patients while group B consisted of 30 patients. In group A, the augmentation of the opening gap after osteotomy was filled with a synthetic bone graft, whereas group B received no augmentation. As an indicator for bone healing we investigated the non-union rate in our study population and compared the non-union-rate between the two groups. The non-union rate was 28% in group A (five of 19 patients had to undergo revision) which received synthetic augmentation, while it was 3.3% in group B (one of 30 patients had to undergo revision) which received no augmentation. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p-value 0.027). With regard to bone healing after MOWHTO, synthetic augmentation was not superior to no augmentation in terms of non-union rates after surgery. In fact, we registered a significantly higher rate of non-union after augmentation with synthetic bone graft. III. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Geodynamic Models of Plume-Ridge Interaction in the Indian Ocean and its Effect on the Crustal Thickness of the Réunion Hotspot Track

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bredow, E.; Gassmöller, R.; Dannberg, J.; Steinberger, B.

2016-12-01

The Réunion mantle plume had a first impact on the Earth's surface when the plume head approached the base of the lithosphere around 67 million years ago and the first vigorous volcanic eruptions created the Deccan Traps in India, one of the largest flood basalt provinces in the world. During this period, the Indian plate may have been accelerated by the uprising plume head, leading to a northeastward plate motion with a unique velocity of up to 18 cm/year. The hotspot track, generally considered to be created by the plume tail impinging on the moving plates, comprises the volcanic chains of the Laccadives, Maldives and Chagos on the Indian plate and the Southern Mascarene Plateau on the African plate. It has been divided by seafloor spreading, since the Central Indian Ridge has passed over the plume approximately 50 million years ago, leading to intensive and continuing plume-ridge interaction. Considering the whole geodynamic history of the plume up to its currently active position underneath the island of Réunion, we set up three-dimensional regional convection models of the upper mantle using the mantle convection code ASPECT (Advanced Solver for Problems in Earth's ConvecTion). In order to study this specific plume, we prescribe the global flow field from a coarser global model at the side boundaries and bottom of the box model and the reconstructed tectonic plate velocities at the uppermost 200 km while a plume inflow is enforced at the bottom. Furthermore, we extended the code to import varying lithosphere thickness values at the side boundaries to compare realistic lithosphere models with simple constant lithosphere thickness models. Finally, we compare the amount and pattern of the resulting crustal thickness produced by the plume with present-day topographic maps to constrain plume properties such as the excess temperature and buoyancy flux. Special focus is placed on how the ridge geometry helps generating the distinctive gap in the hotspot track between Chagos and the Maldives and on the origin of the Rodriguez Ridge, a volcanic lineament between the plume and the Central Indian Ridge, which has been suggested to be a sub-lithosphere melt channel by Morgan already in 1978 and can be observed in our models.

The Physics and Chemistry of carbides, Nitrides and Borides. Volume 185

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-01

and C-B-C chains [15,17]. Clearly, the use of boron-rich solids as electronic materials will place new demands on the quality of materials. In this...first heated in a pyrolytic boron nitride (PBN) crucible ( Union Carbide Corp.) under high vacuum (< 50 mTorr) to 1900°C. This removed surface...contamination of the sample. The powders were loaded into a graphite die with a high-purity BN die liner ( Union Carbide Grade HBC) with inner diameter of 3/8

State of the Union Address Student Guests

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-01-25

White House Office of Science and Technology Policy Associate Director for Science Carl Wieman, left, talks with West Philadelphia High School student Brandon Ford, left, and Montana Central Catholic High School student Mikayla Nelson at the New Executive Office Building, Tuesday, Jan. 25, 2011 in Washington. The students are all young achievers in science and technology and will be amongst other guests seated in the First Lady’s Box in the U.S. Capitol during the President’s State of the Union Address. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Unions Set Sights on High-Profile Charter-Network Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sawchuk, Stephen

2009-01-01

What started as a ripple in the charter community shows signs of becoming a wave as major charter school networks scramble to respond to an unfamiliar phenomenon: moves by their teachers to organize unions. In the first half of this year, teachers formed collective bargaining units in schools run by several of the best-known and highest-profile…

Open fractures caused by high velocity missiles: the outcome of treatment of 39 fractures followed for 1-3 years.

PubMed

Khan, M A; Hussain, R; Khan, S H; Umar, M

1997-11-01

Between 1993 and 1995, thirty-three patients having 39 fractures caused by missiles fired from a high velocity rifle were reviewed retrospectively between 1 and 3 years after injury and the outcome of treatment assessed. Majority (33 out of 39) were Grade III. Union was achieved in 35 out of 39 fractures, there was deep infection and delayed union in one case each. Non-union occurred in three fractures. The fractures were stabilized using different techniques, but highest complication rate was seen with the use of the static external fixator. This was related to the severe nature of the injury as well as the inherent limitations of the external fixator. Revision of the external fixator with internal fixation after healing of the soft tissues seems to be the direction of the future.

Short-term muscle atrophy caused by botulinum toxin-A local injection impairs fracture healing in the rat femur.

PubMed

Hao, Yongqiang; Ma, Yongcheng; Wang, Xuepeng; Jin, Fangchun; Ge, Shengfang

2012-04-01

Damaged bone is sensitive to mechanical stimulation throughout the remodeling phase of bone healing. Muscle damage and muscular atrophy associated with open fractures and subsequent fixation are not beneficial to maintaining optimum conditions for mechanical stability. The aim of this study was to investigate whether local muscle atrophy and dysfunction affect fracture healing in a rat femur fracture model. We combined the rat model of a short period atrophy of the quadriceps with femur fracture. Forty-four-month-old male Wistar rats were adopted for this study. Two units of botulinum toxin-A (BXTA) were administered locally into the right side of the quadriceps of each rat, while the same dose of saline was injected into the contralateral quadriceps. After BXTA had been fully absorbed by the quadriceps, osteotomy was performed in both femurs with intramedullary fixation. Gross observation and weighing of muscle tissue, X-ray analysis, callus histology, and bone biomechanical testing were performed at different time points up to 8 weeks post-surgery. Local injection of BXTA led to a significant decrease in the volume and weight of the quadriceps compared to the control side. At the eighth week, the left side femurs of the saline-injected quadriceps almost reached bony union, and fibrous calluses were completely calcified into woven bone. However, a gap was still visible in the BXTA-treated side on X-ray images. As showed by bone histology, there were no mature osseous calluses or woven bone on the BXTA-treated side, but a resorption pattern was evident. Biomechanical testing indicated that the femurs of the BXTA-treated side exhibited inferior mechanical properties compared with the control side. The inferior outcome following BXTA injection, compared with saline injection, in terms of callus resistance may be the consequence of unexpected load and mechanical unsteadiness caused by muscle atrophy and dysfunction. Copyright © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society.

The curvilinear effect of work engagement on employees' turnover intentions.

PubMed

Caesens, Gaëtane; Stinglhamber, Florence; Marmier, Virginie

2016-04-01

Numerous studies have shown the positive consequences of work engagement for both organisations and employees experiencing it. For instance, research has demonstrated that work-engaged employees have lower levels of turnover intentions than non-engaged employees. However, in this research, we examined whether there is a dark side of work engagement. More precisely, we investigated whether the relationship between work engagement and employees' turnover intentions might be non-linear. Based on two different samples, our results indicated that the relationship between work engagement and employees' turnover intentions is curvilinear. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed. © 2014 International Union of Psychological Science.

"East side story": on being an epidemiologist in the former USSR: an interview with Marcus Klingberg.

PubMed

Klingberg, Marcus

2006-01-01

Marcus Klingberg was born on 7 October 1918, in Warsaw, Poland, into a Hasidic, rabbinical family. After the Nazi invasion of Poland, he escaped to the USSR where he trained and worked as an epidemiologist from 1939 to 1945. For 35 years after the war, he continued his professional work in Israel. The harsh conditions within the Soviet Union during World War II provided a challenging setting for epidemiologic work-a setting that has remained largely hidden from Western view. In this interview, Klingberg describes his work as an epidemiologist in the USSR and his subsequent encounter with Western epidemiology.

Rugby Union on-field position and its relationship to shoulder injury leading to anterior reconstruction for instability.

PubMed

Sundaram, Abayasankar; Bokor, Desmond J; Davidson, Andrew S

2011-03-01

Due to the unique demands of each position on the Rugby Union field, the likelihood of an athlete sustaining a dislocation of their shoulder joint that requires surgical reconstruction may be affected by their position on the field. 166 patients with 184 involved shoulders requiring anterior reconstruction following an on-field Rugby Union injury between January 1996 and September 2008 were analysed. The mean age at time of injury was 18 years with the mean age at time of surgery being 20 years. The most prevalent mechanism of injury was a tackle in 66.3% of players. Players were more likely to suffer injury to their non-dominant shoulder than their dominant side (McNemar's Test, p<0.001). Statistical analysis using chi-squared test of goodness of fit showed there was not a uniform risk of injury for all player positions. Positions with significantly different risk of injury were five-eighth (increased risk) and wing (reduced risk). Although we observed an increased risk in flankers and fullbacks, and a lower risk in second row, these results did not reach statistical significance after application of the Bonferroni correction. This information can be utilized by team staff to assist in pre-season conditioning as well as the development of improved muscle co-ordination programmes for the non-dominant shoulder, and planning a graduated return to sport by the player recovering from surgical reconstruction of the shoulder for instability. Copyright © 2010 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Trends in high-speed camera development in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics /USSR/ and People's Republic of China /PRC/

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hyzer, W. G.

1981-10-01

Significant advances in high-speed camera technology are being made in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and People's Republic of China (PRC), which were revealed to the author during recent visits to both of these countries. Past and present developments in high-speed cameras are described in this paper based on personal observations by the author and on private communications with other technical observers. Detailed specifications on individual instruments are presented in those specific cases where such information has been revealed and could be verified.

Analysis of Running and Technical Performance in Substitute Players in International Male Rugby Union Competition.

PubMed

Lacome, Mathieu; Piscione, Julien; Hager, Jean-Philippe; Carling, Christopher

2016-09-01

To investigate the patterns and performance of substitutions in 18 international 15-a-side men's rugby union matches. A semiautomatic computerized time-motion system compiled 750 performance observations for 375 players (422 forwards, 328 backs). Running and technical-performance measures included total distance run, high-intensity running (>18.0 km/h), number of individual ball possessions and passes, percentage of passes completed, and number of attempted and percentage of successful tackles. A total of 184 substitutions (85.2%) were attributed to tactical and 32 (14.8%) to injury purposes respectively. The mean period for non-injury-purpose substitutions in backs (17.7%) occurred between 70 and 75 min, while forward substitutions peaked equally between 50-55 and 60-65 min (16.4%). Substitutes generally demonstrated improved running performance compared with both starter players who completed games and players whom they replaced (small differences, ES -0.2 to 0.5) in both forwards and backs over their entire time played. There was also a trend for better running performance in forward and back substitutes over their first 10 min of play compared with the final 10 min for replaced players (small to moderate differences, ES 0.3-0.6). Finally, running performance in both forward and back substitutes was generally lower (ES -0.1 to 0.3, unclear or small differences) over their entire 2nd-half time played compared with their first 10 min of play. The impact of substitutes on technical performance was generally considered unclear. This information provides practitioners with practical data relating to the physical and technical contributions of substitutions that subsequently could enable optimization of their impact on match play.

Outbreak of beriberi among African Union troops in Mogadishu, Somalia.

PubMed

Watson, John T; El Bushra, Hassan; Lebo, Emmaculate J; Bwire, Godfrey; Kiyengo, James; Emukule, Gideon; Omballa, Victor; Tole, John; Zuberi, Muvunyi; Breiman, Robert F; Katz, Mark A

2011-01-01

In July 2009, WHO and partners were notified of a large outbreak of unknown illness, including deaths, among African Union (AU) soldiers in Mogadishu. Illnesses were characterized by peripheral edema, dyspnea, palpitations, and fever. Our objectives were to determine the cause of the outbreak, and to design and recommend control strategies. The illness was defined as acute onset of lower limb edema, with dyspnea, chest pain, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or headache. Investigations in Nairobi and Mogadishu included clinical, epidemiologic, environmental, and laboratory studies. A case-control study was performed to identify risk factors for illness. From April 26, 2009 to May 1, 2010, 241 AU soldiers had lower limb edema and at least one additional symptom; four patients died. At least 52 soldiers were airlifted to hospitals in Kenya and Uganda. Four of 31 hospitalized patients in Kenya had right-sided heart failure with pulmonary hypertension. Initial laboratory investigations did not reveal hematologic, metabolic, infectious or toxicological abnormalities. Illness was associated with exclusive consumption of food provided to troops (not eating locally acquired foods) and a high level of insecurity (e.g., being exposed to enemy fire on a daily basis). Because the syndrome was clinically compatible with wet beriberi, thiamine was administered to ill soldiers, resulting in rapid and dramatic resolution. Blood samples taken from 16 cases prior to treatment showed increased levels of erythrocyte transketolase activation coefficient, consistent with thiamine deficiency. With mass thiamine supplementation for healthy troops, the number of subsequent beriberi cases decreased with no further deaths reported. An outbreak of wet beriberi caused by thiamine deficiency due to restricted diet occurred among soldiers in a modern, well-equipped army. Vigilance to ensure adequate micronutrient intake must be a priority in populations completely dependent upon nutritional support from external sources.

Plate versus intramedullary fixation of two-part and multifragmentary displaced midshaft clavicle fractures - a long-term analysis.

PubMed

Chan, Gareth; Korac, Zelimir; Miletic, Matija; Vidovic, Dinko; Phadnis, Joideep; Bakota, Bore

2017-11-01

Surgical fixation of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures is predominantly achieved with intramedullary (IM) or plate fixation. Both techniques have potential pitfalls: plate fixation involves greater periosteal stripping and protuberance of the implant, whereas IM fixation may be associated with implant-related complications, such as migration or skin irritation, which may lead to further surgery for implant removal. The aim of this study was to compare these two methods in simple (Robinson 2b.1) and multifragmentary (Robinson 2b.2) displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. A total of 133 consecutive patients who underwent surgical fixation for a displaced midshaft clavicle fracture with either IM fixation using a 2.5-mm Kirschner wire or plate fixation using an 8-hole Dynamic Compression Plate (DCP) were retrospectively reviewed. Follow-up was a minimum of 1 year. The patients were allocated into two injury groups: displaced simple 2-part fractures (64 IM vs. 16 DCP) and displaced multifragmentary fractures (27 IM vs. 26 DCP). The major observed outcome measures were: infection rate, non-union rate, reoperation rate and postoperative range of motion (ROM). Rates of non-union for displaced 2-part fractures were 2/64 (3.13%) with IM fixation and 0/16 (0.00%) with plate fixation (p = 0.477). For displaced multifragmentary fractures, rates of non-union were 2/27 (7.41%) with IM fixation and 0/26 (0.00%) with plate fixation (p = 0.161). No significant difference was observed between the two fixation modalities in patient-reported time to regain ROM on the injured side for displaced 2-part fractures (p = 0.129) and displaced multifragmentary fractures (p = 0.070). Deep infection rate was zero (p = 1.000) overall in the study, and reoperation rate for IM and plate fixation, respectively, was 3.13% and 6.25% in the Robinson 2b.1 group (p = 0.559) and 7.41% and 7.69% in the Robinson 2b.2 group (p = 0.969). IM fixation of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures (Robinson 2b.1) has an equivalent non-union rate to plate fixation and similarly low complication and reoperation rates. For displaced midshaft multifragmentary clavicle fractures (Robinson 2b.2), the higher non-union rates observed with IM fixation leads us to recommend consideration of plate fixation for Robinson 2b.2 fractures. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Injuries in Australian school-level rugby union.

PubMed

Leung, Felix T; Franettovich Smith, Melinda M; Hides, Julie A

2017-11-01

There is a high incidence of injuries in rugby union due to the physical nature of the game. In youth rugby union, there are large variations in injury rates reported. Our study investigated the rates of injuries in school-level rugby union players in Australia using the consensus statement for rugby union injuries. Injury surveillance was conducted on 480 rugby players from 1 school in Queensland, Australia. Injury data were collected using paper-based injury recording forms during the 8-week rugby season using a "medical-attention" injury definition. In total, 76 players sustained one or more injuries, with a total of 80 injuries recorded. The overall injury rate was 31.8 injuries/1000 match player hours (95% CI, 25.4-39.4). Concussion had an incidence rate of 6.0/1000 match player hours (95% CI, 3.5-9.6). The incidence of upper limb and lower limb injuries were 9.1 and 9.9/1000 match player hours, respectively (95% CI, 5.9-13.5 and 6.6-14.5). The older age divisions had higher injury rates and most injuries occurred while tackling or being tackled. The injury rates observed in this sample of Australian school rugby union players provides direction for future studies to enable informed decisions relating to development of injury prevention programmes at this level of rugby.

Outcome of intramedullary interlocking SIGN nail in tibial diaphyseal fracture.

PubMed

Khan, Irfanullah; Javed, Shahzad; Khan, Gauhar Nawaz; Aziz, Amer

2013-03-01

To determine the outcome of intramedullary interlocking surgical implant generation network (SIGN) nail in diaphyseal tibial fractures in terms of union and failure of implant (breakage of nail or interlocking screws). Case series. Orthopaedics and Spinal Surgery, Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore, from September 2008 to August 2009. Fifty patients aged 14 - 60 years, of either gender were included, who had closed and Gustilo type I and II open fractures reported in 2 weeks, whose closed reduction was not possible or was unsatisfactory and fracture was located 7 cm below knee joint to 7 cm above ankle joint. Fractures previously treated with external fixator, infected fractures and unfit patients were excluded. All fractures were fixed with intramedullary interlocking SIGN nail and were followed clinically and radiographically for union and for any implant failure. Forty one (88%) patients had united fracture within 6 months, 5 (10%) patients had delayed union while 4 (8%) patients had non-union. Mean duration for achieving union was 163 + 30.6 days. Interlocking screws were broken in 2 patients while no nail was broken in any patient. Intramedullary interlocking nailing is an effective measure in treating closed and grade I and II open tibial fractures. It provides a high rate of union less complications and early return to function.

Cosmetic Regulations: A Comparative Study.

PubMed

Suhag, Jyoti; Dureja, Harish

2015-01-01

The regulatory framework, compliance requirement, efficacy, safety, and marketing of cosmetic products are considered the most important factors for growth of the cosmetic industry. There are different regulatory bodies across the globe that have their own insights for regulation; moreover, governments such as the United States, European Union, and Japan follow a stringent regulatory framework, whereas cosmetics are not so much strictly regulated in countries such as India, Brazil, and China. The alignment of a regulatory framework will play a significant role in the removal of barriers to trade, growth of market at an international level, innovation in the development and presentation of new products, and most importantly safety and efficacy of the marketed products. The present contribution gives insight into the important cosmetic regulations in areas of premarket approval, ingredient control, and labeling and warnings, with a special focus on the cosmetic regulatory environments in the United States, European Union, Japan, and India. Most importantly, the authors highlight the dark side of cosmetics associated with allergic reactions and even skin cancer. The importance of cosmetic regulations has been highlighted by dint of which the society can be healthier, accomplished by more stringent and harmonized regulations.

Communist coalmining union activists and postwar reconstruction, 1945-52: Germany, Poland, and Britain

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fishman, N.; Prazmowska, A.J.; Heith, H.

2006-01-15

The demand for coal in war-torn Europe after VE Day gave coalmining trade unions unprecedented bargaining leverage. Miners' incomes had been depressed throughout the interwar period, and they were now anxious to recover their past high wages and improve their conditions. In several key European countries, Communists were prominent among the leadership of mining trade unions. Communist miners' leaders Willi Agatz, Edward Gierek and Arthur Horner each faced unprecedented opportunities and challenges at the onset of the Cold War in 1948, as they sought to fuse their parallel identities as committed and influential Communists and as conscientious trade union negotiatorsmore » in these newly advantageous circumstances. Each of these three 'revolutionary' trade unionists pursued strategies that revived the position of miners, without undermining the potential for economic recovery in their respective countries - for which an uninterrupted supply of coal remained critical. A comparative study of the personal and political experiences of the three Communist miners' leaders enhances our understanding of the evolution of Communist trade unionism in the early postwar period.« less

Understanding the side effects of emission trading: implications for waste management.

PubMed

Braschel, Nina; Posch, Alfred; Pierer, Magdalena

2014-01-01

The trading of emission allowances is an important market instrument in climate policy. However, the inclusion of certain branches of industry in the trading system not only provides incentives for emission reduction, it also entails unwanted side effects. Thus, the objective of the present study is to identify such side effects-positive and negative-by examining the potential impact of waste management inclusion in the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). Desk research was supplemented with qualitative and quantitative empirical analysis (based on expert interviews and a questionnaire) in order to analyse the related perceptions and expectations of actors and stakeholders. The impact of waste management inclusion in the EU ETS is analysed in terms of the following three areas: (i) costs and cost pass-through, (ii), competitiveness and market position, and (iii) carbon leakage. Concerning expectations in the area of costs, both the interviewed experts and the practitioners surveyed thought that costs were likely to increase or that they could be passed on to customers. However, experts and practitioners differed with respect to the possibility of carbon leakage. Clearly, increased knowledge of the possible impact arising from inclusion of the waste sector in the EU ETS would enable managers to become more proactive and to manage waste streams and treatment options more economically.

Mechanical Properties of Sprinting in Elite Rugby Union and Rugby League.

PubMed

Cross, Matt R; Brughelli, Matt; Brown, Scott R; Samozino, Pierre; Gill, Nicholas D; Cronin, John B; Morin, Jean-Benoît

2015-09-01

To compare mechanical properties of overground sprint running in elite rugby union and rugby league athletes. Thirty elite rugby code (15 rugby union and 15 rugby league) athletes participated in this cross-sectional analysis. Radar was used to measure maximal overground sprint performance over 20 or 30 m (forwards and backs, respectively). In addition to time at 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 m, velocity-time signals were analyzed to derive external horizontal force-velocity relationships with a recently validated method. From this relationship, the maximal theoretical velocity, external relative and absolute horizontal force, horizontal power, and optimal horizontal force for peak power production were determined. While differences in maximal velocity were unclear between codes, rugby union backs produced moderately faster split times, with the most substantial differences occurring at 2 and 5 m (ES 0.95 and 0.86, respectively). In addition, rugby union backs produced moderately larger relative horizontal force, optimal force, and peak power capabilities than rugby league backs (ES 0.73-0.77). Rugby union forwards had a higher absolute force (ES 0.77) despite having ~12% more body weight than rugby league forwards. In this elite sample, rugby union athletes typically displayed greater short-distance sprint performance, which may be linked to an ability to generate high levels of horizontal force and power. The acceleration characteristics presented in this study could be a result of the individual movement and positional demands of each code.

Supporting Reform in Science Education in Central and Eastern Europe--Reflections and Perspectives from the Project TEMPUS-SALiS

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kapanadze, Marika; Eilks, Ingo

2014-01-01

After the collapse of the former Soviet Union, many Central and Eastern European countries underwent significant change in their political and educational systems, among them Georgia and Moldova. Reforms in education sought to overcome the highly centralized educational system of the former Soviet Union as well as to conquer the teacher-centred…

Russia/Soviet Union: A Guide to Print Materials for Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Talbot, Elizabeth, Ed.; Vaillant, Janet G., Ed.

Intended to provide middle school and high school teachers and others interested in Russia and the Soviet Union with a guide to printed materials, this booklet is divided into several sections. The first section, comprising the bulk of the publication, is devoted to reviews of 69 books that were written for classroom use or appear as if they might…

Does the Situational Couple Violence-Intimate Terrorism Typology Explain Cohabitors' High Risk of Intimate Partner Violence?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brownridge, Douglas A.

2010-01-01

This study examines M. P. Johnson's assertion that violence in marital unions is more likely to be intimate terrorism (IT) and violence in cohabiting unions is more likely to be situational couple violence (SCV). Having overcome limitations of the data on which Johnson based his assertion, the results show that cohabiting and married victims of…

Towards the review of the European Union Water Framework Directive: Recommendations for more efficient assessment and management of chemical contamination in European surface water resources

EPA Science Inventory

Water is a vital resource for natural ecosystems and human life, and assuring a high quality of water and protectingit from chemical contamination is a major societal goal in the European Union. The Water Framework Directive(WFD) and its daughter directives are the major body of ...

Modified Mostardi approach with ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene tape for total hip arthroplasty provides a good rate of union of osteotomized fragments.

PubMed

Kuroda, Yutaka; Akiyama, Haruhiko; Nankaku, Manabu; So, Kazutaka; Matsuda, Shuichi

2015-07-01

A lateral approach is common in total hip arthroplasty because of the good exposure it provides and its low complication rates. However, a drawback of the procedure is that the abductor mechanism is damaged when the tendinous insertion of the abductor muscle is split. Here, we describe a wafer technique using ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene tape for promising reattachment of the abductor mechanism. We retrospectively evaluated 120 consecutive primary total hip arthroplasties performed using a modified Mostardi approach, which involved reattaching the trochanter using either a braided polyester suture (polyester suture group, n = 60) or ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene tape (UHMWPE tape group, n = 60). The osteotomized fragment was reattached by inducing bone-to-bone contact using 3-mm-wide tapes that were precisely tied with a double-loop sliding knot in conjunction with a cable gun tensioner. The abductor strength and radiographic union rate were postoperatively assessed at 4 weeks and 6 months, respectively. A statistically significant lower incidence of nonunion and cutout was observed in the UHMWPE group (0 and 5.0 %, respectively) compared to the polyester suture group (8.3 and 15 %, respectively). No differences in abductor strength either preoperatively or at 4 weeks postoperatively were observed between the groups. In radiographically healed patients, abductor strength at 4 weeks post-surgery exceeded preoperative strength. The recovery rate of hip abductor strength was 109.9 ± 34.3 % in union patients and 92.9 ± 23.3 % in nonunion patients, which was statistically significant. The mean Japanese Orthopedic Association hip scores improved from 48.6 to 86.8 in union patients and from 50.3 to 85.9 in nonunion patients at 1 year postoperatively; however, this difference was not significant. The modified Mostardi approach using ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene tape can promote successful union of the osteotomized fragment.

The effect of a single early high-dose vitamin D supplement on fracture union in patients with hypovitaminosis D: a prospective randomised trial.

PubMed

Haines, N; Kempton, L B; Seymour, R B; Bosse, M J; Churchill, C; Hand, K; Hsu, J R; Keil, D; Kellam, J; Rozario, N; Sims, S; Karunakar, M A

2017-11-01

To evaluate the effect of a single early high-dose vitamin D supplement on fracture union in patients with hypovitaminosis D and a long bone fracture. Between July 2011 and August 2013, 113 adults with a long bone fracture were enrolled in a prospective randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Their serum vitamin D levels were measured and a total of 100 patients were found to be vitamin D deficient (< 20 ng/ml) or insufficient (< 30 ng/mL). These were then randomised to receive a single dose of vitamin D 3 orally (100 000 IU) within two weeks of injury (treatment group, n = 50) or a placebo (control group, n = 50). We recorded patient demographics, fracture location and treatment, vitamin D level, time to fracture union and complications, including vitamin D toxicity. Outcomes included union, nonunion or complication requiring an early, unplanned secondary procedure. Patients without an outcome at 15 months and no scheduled follow-up were considered lost to follow-up. The t -test and cross tabulations verified the adequacy of randomisation. An intention-to-treat analysis was carried out. In all, 100 (89%) patients had hypovitaminosis D. Both treatment and control groups had similar demographics and injury characteristics. The initial median vitamin D levels were 16 ng/mL (interquartile range 5 to 28) in both groups (p = 0.885). A total of 14 patients were lost to follow-up (seven from each group), two had fixation failure (one in each group) and one control group patient developed an infection. Overall, the nonunion rate was 4% (two per group). No patient showed signs of clinical toxicity from their supplement. Despite finding a high level of hypovitaminosis D, the rate of union was high and independent of supplementation with vitamin D 3 . Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1520-5. ©2017 The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery.

Geochemical characteristics of the La Réunion mantle plume source inferred from olivine-hosted melt inclusions from the adventive cones of Piton de la Fournaise volcano (La Réunion Island)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Valer, Marina; Schiano, Pierre; Bachèlery, Patrick

2017-09-01

Major and trace element compositions were obtained for bulk rocks and melt inclusions hosted in olivine crystals (Fo > 85) from the adventive cones of the Piton de La Fournaise volcano (La Réunion Island). Ratios of highly incompatible trace elements for these magmas are used to identify the nature of the La Réunion mantle plume source. Although adventive cone lavas display unusual major element compositions compared to the historical lavas of the volcano (e.g., lower CaO/Al2O3), trace element data suggest that the magmas emitted by the adventive cones originate from a common chemical source. This source may correspond to either a homogeneous mixed source of different mantle components or a near-primitive less-differentiated mantle source. The melt inclusions display ratios of highly incompatible elements (e.g., Th/La, Nb/La) which are similar to primitive mantle values, and lower Nb/U ratios compared to most oceanic basalts. These results and previous isotopic and trace element data suggest that La Réunion plume samples a source which is intermediate between a primitive-like mantle domain and a slightly depleted one almost unaffected by the recycling processes. This source could have originated from early depletion of the primitive mantle. Assuming a depletion 4.45 Gyr ago, 10% melting of this slightly depleted source could explain the enriched trace element concentrations of the melt inclusions.

Open ankle arthrodeses via an anterior approach.

PubMed

Gordon, David; Zicker, Robyn; Cullen, Nicholas; Singh, Dishan

2013-03-01

In open ankle arthrodesis, debate remains as to which surgical approach and fixation devices should be used. The purpose of this study was to identify union, complication, and patient satisfaction rates of ankle fusions performed at our institution, using the plane between extensor hallucis longus and tibialis anterior with medial tibiotalar screw internal fixation. A retrospective review was performed of all isolated primary fusions between 2005 and 2009. Eighty-two ankles were identified in 73 patients. All patient records were reviewed, and 57 patients (65 ankles) attended for clinical evaluation and scoring. Age range at surgery was 18 to 75 years (mean, 56.1 years); 8 patients were smokers. Diagnoses were trauma in 52 patients (63%), osteoarthritis in 17, rheumatoid arthritis in 7, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in 3, congenital talipes equinovarus in 2, and talar avascular necrosis in 1. Follow-up range was 7 months to 8.3 years (mean, 4 years). Time to union ranged from 8 to 39 weeks (mean, 13.3) with a union rate of 100%. The AOFAS range was 12 to 93 (mean, 70). Eighty percent were "very satisfied" or "satisfied." Major complication rate was 14.6%: 7 malalignments; 3 wound problems; 2 complex regional pain syndrome; and 2 delayed unions, both smokers. An excellent union rate, high patient satisfaction, and low complication rate were achieved with this technique. Varus malalignment and persistent pain resulted in dissatisfaction. Many patients remained highly active, and bilaterally fused patients functioned as well as unilateral ones. Level IV, retrospective case series.

Prevalence and determinants of symptoms of common mental disorders in retired professional Rugby Union players.

PubMed

Gouttebarge, Vincent; Kerkhoffs, Gino; Lambert, Mike

2016-08-01

The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of symptoms of common mental disorders (CMD) (distress, anxiety/depression, sleeping disturbance, adverse nutrition behaviour, adverse alcohol behaviour and smoking) among retired professional Rugby Union players. The secondary aim was to explore the associations between stressors (life events, Rugby Union career dissatisfaction) and the health conditions under study. Therefore, cross-sectional analyses were conducted on baseline questionnaires from an ongoing prospective cohort study of retired professional Rugby Union players. An electronic questionnaire was established using validated questionnaires to assess symptoms of CMD and stressors. The electronic questionnaire was subsequently distributed to retired players by the national Rugby Union players' associations in France, Ireland and South Africa. Among 295 retired professional Rugby Union players (mean age of 38 years), prevalence rates were 25% for distress, 28% for anxiety/depression, 29% for sleeping disturbance, 62% for adverse nutrition behaviour, 15% for smoking and 24% for adverse alcohol behaviour. A higher number of life events were associated with distress (OR = 1.2; 95% CI 1.1-1.4), anxiety/depression (OR = 1.6; 95% CI 1.2-2.1), sleeping disturbance (OR = 1.6; 95% CI 1.2-2.1) and adverse nutrition behaviour (OR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.3-2.5). A higher level of dissatisfaction of the player's Rugby Union career was associated with distress (OR = 0.9; 95% CI 0.8-1.0), sleeping disturbance (OR = 0.9; 95% CI 0.9-1.0), smoking (OR = 0.9; 95% CI 0.9-1.0) and adverse nutrition behaviour (OR = 0.9; 95% CI 0.8-0.9). In conclusion, our study suggests that prevalence of symptoms of CMD is high among retired professional Rugby Union players, being associated with both a higher number of life events and a higher level of Rugby Union career dissatisfaction.

Brivaracetam: review of its pharmacology and potential use as adjunctive therapy in patients with partial onset seizures.

PubMed

Mumoli, Laura; Palleria, Caterina; Gasparini, Sara; Citraro, Rita; Labate, Angelo; Ferlazzo, Edoardo; Gambardella, Antonio; De Sarro, Giovambattista; Russo, Emilio

2015-01-01

Brivaracetam (BRV), a high-affinity synaptic vesicle protein 2A ligand, reported to be 10-30-fold more potent than levetiracetam (LEV), is highly effective in a wide range of experimental models of focal and generalized seizures. BRV and LEV similarly bind to synaptic vesicle protein 2A, while differentiating for other pharmacological effects; in fact, BRV does not inhibit high voltage Ca(2+) channels and AMPA receptors as LEV. Furthermore, BRV apparently exhibits inhibitory activity on neuronal voltage-gated sodium channels playing a role as a partial antagonist. BRV is currently waiting for approval both in the United States and the European Union as adjunctive therapy for patients with partial seizures. In patients with photosensitive epilepsy, BRV showed a dose-dependent effect in suppressing or attenuating the photoparoxysmal response. In well-controlled trials conducted to date, adjunctive BRV demonstrated efficacy and good tolerability in patients with focal epilepsy. BRV has a linear pharmacokinetic profile. BRV is extensively metabolized and excreted by urine (only 8%-11% unchanged). The metabolites of BRV are inactive, and hydrolysis of the acetamide group is the mainly involved metabolic pathway; hepatic impairment probably requires dose adjustment. BRV does not seem to influence other antiepileptic drug plasma levels. Six clinical trials have so far been completed indicating that BRV is effective in controlling seizures when used at doses between 50 and 200 mg/d. The drug is generally well-tolerated with only mild-to-moderate side effects; this is confirmed by the low discontinuation rate observed in these clinical studies. The most common side effects are related to central nervous system and include fatigue, dizziness, and somnolence; these apparently disappear during treatment. In this review, we analyzed BRV, focusing on the current evidences from experimental animal models to clinical studies with particular interest on potential use in clinical practice. Finally, pharmacological properties of BRV are summarized with a description of its pharmacokinetics, safety, and potential/known drug-drug interactions.

Current Treatment Limitations in Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Future Approaches Based on Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering

PubMed Central

Fernández-Robredo, P.; Sancho, A.; Johnen, S.; Recalde, S.; Gama, N.; Thumann, G.; Groll, J.; García-Layana, A.

2014-01-01

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the Western world. With an ageing population, it is anticipated that the number of AMD cases will increase dramatically, making a solution to this debilitating disease an urgent requirement for the socioeconomic future of the European Union and worldwide. The present paper reviews the limitations of the current therapies as well as the socioeconomic impact of the AMD. There is currently no cure available for AMD, and even palliative treatments are rare. Treatment options show several side effects, are of high cost, and only treat the consequence, not the cause of the pathology. For that reason, many options involving cell therapy mainly based on retinal and iris pigment epithelium cells as well as stem cells are being tested. Moreover, tissue engineering strategies to design and manufacture scaffolds to mimic Bruch's membrane are very diverse and under investigation. Both alternative therapies are aimed to prevent and/or cure AMD and are reviewed herein. PMID:24672707

The Belmont Zone of Choice: Community-Driven Action for School Change

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nesoff, Jeremy

2007-01-01

During the summer of 2006, Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) and union officials announced that the Pico Union area of East Los Angeles would soon be home to the Belmont Zone of Choice (BZC). The BZC encompasses the Belmont High School attendance area and will include up to 10 Belmont Pilot Schools, each with a targeted enrollment of 400…

JPRS Report: East Europe.

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-07-23

Agrarian National Union, the Fatherland Front, the Dimitrov Communist Youth Union, the Conference of Indepen- dent Syndicalists in Bulgaria, the ABP...BCP Committee); Kiril Simeonov, director (former high official within the Kolarov Rayon BCP Committee and former paid party secretary at the ZMM in...in charge of the firm’s fire- fighters; Stayko Stoyanov, former Sofia City BCP Com- mittee secretary; Mariyka Lazarova, wife of Kiril Lazarov

Industry Perspective of Pediatric Drug Development in the United States: Involvement of the European Union Countries.

PubMed

Onishi, Taku; Tsukamoto, Katsura; Matsumaru, Naoki; Waki, Takashi

2018-01-01

Efforts to promote the development of pediatric pharmacotherapy include regulatory frameworks and close collaboration between the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. We characterized the current status of pediatric clinical trials conducted in the United States by the pharmaceutical industry, focusing on the involvement of the European Union member countries, to clarify the industry perspective. Data on US pediatric clinical trials were obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov . Binary regression analysis was performed to identify what factors influence the likelihood of involvement of European Union countries. A total of 633 US pediatric clinical trials that met inclusion criteria were extracted and surveyed. Of these, 206 (32.5%) involved a European Union country site(s). The results of binary regression analysis indicated that attribution of industry, phase, disease area, and age of pediatric participants influenced the likelihood of the involvement of European Union countries in US pediatric clinical trials. Relatively complicated or large pediatric clinical trials, such as phase II and III trials and those that included a broad age range of participants, had a significantly greater likelihood of the involvement of European Union countries ( P < .05). Our results suggest that (1) the pharmaceutical industry utilizes regulatory frameworks in making business decisions regarding pediatric clinical trials, (2) disease area affects the involvement of European Union countries, and (3) feasibility of clinical trials is mainly concerned by pharmaceutical industry for pediatric drug development. Additional incentives for high marketability may further motivate pharmaceutical industry to develop pediatric drugs.

Twenty years of work-related injury and illness among union carpenters in Washington State.

PubMed

McCoy, Amanda J; Kucera, Kristen L; Schoenfisch, Ashley L; Silverstein, Barbara A; Lipscomb, Hester J

2013-04-01

Individuals who work in the construction industry are at high risk of occupational injury. Robust surveillance systems are needed to monitor the experiences of these workers over time. We updated important surveillance data for a unique occupational cohort of union construction workers to provide information on long-term trends in their reported work-related injuries and conditions. Combining administrative data sources, we identified a dynamic cohort of union carpenters who worked in Washington State from 1989 through 2008, their hours worked by month, and their workers' compensation claims. Incidence rates of reported work-related injuries and illnesses were examined. Poisson regression was used to assess risk by categories of age, gender, time in the union, and calendar time contrasting medical only and paid lost time claims. Over the 20-year study period, 24,830 carpenters worked 192.4 million work hours. Work-related injuries resulting in medical care or paid lost time (PLT) from work occurred at a rate of 24.3 per 200,000 hr worked (95% CI: 23.5-25.0). Medical only claims declined 62% and PLT claims declined 77%; more substantive declines were seen for injuries resulting from being struck and falls to a lower level than from overexertion with lifting. Differences in risk based on union tenure and age diminished over time as well. Significant declines in rates of reported work-related injuries and illnesses were observed over the 20-year period among these union carpenters. Greater declines were observed among workers with less union tenure and for claims resulting in PLT. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The OCLC-SERHOLD connection: an evolution in health sciences union listing.

PubMed Central

Battistella, M S

1991-01-01

The OCLC Union List Subsystem (OCLC ULS) provides a standard, high quality, and widely used means of managing union list data. Over the last several years, OCLC ULS tape products have been used by thirteen health sciences libraries or groups to update SERHOLD. These thirteen libraries or groups were surveyed to examine practices in using OCLC to update SERHOLD. The National Library of Medicine's (NLM) processing of OCLC tape products was assessed to determine how OCLC data are handled by SERHOLD. Most important are the assignment of OCLC holdings symbols, OCLC record selection criteria, tape pull cycles, and the processing of exception reports produced by NLM as a result of tape loads. PMID:1958909

The OCLC-SERHOLD connection: an evolution in health sciences union listing.

PubMed

Battistella, M S

1991-10-01

The OCLC Union List Subsystem (OCLC ULS) provides a standard, high quality, and widely used means of managing union list data. Over the last several years, OCLC ULS tape products have been used by thirteen health sciences libraries or groups to update SERHOLD. These thirteen libraries or groups were surveyed to examine practices in using OCLC to update SERHOLD. The National Library of Medicine's (NLM) processing of OCLC tape products was assessed to determine how OCLC data are handled by SERHOLD. Most important are the assignment of OCLC holdings symbols, OCLC record selection criteria, tape pull cycles, and the processing of exception reports produced by NLM as a result of tape loads.

Trading forests: land-use change and carbon emissions embodied in production and exports of forest-risk commodities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Henders, Sabine; Persson, U. Martin; Kastner, Thomas

2015-12-01

Production of commercial agricultural commodities for domestic and foreign markets is increasingly driving land clearing in tropical regions, creating links and feedback effects between geographically separated consumption and production locations. Such teleconnections are commonly studied through calculating consumption footprints and quantifying environmental impacts embodied in trade flows, e.g., virtual water and land, biomass, or greenhouse gas emissions. The extent to which land-use change (LUC) and associated carbon emissions are embodied in the production and export of agricultural commodities has been less studied. Here we quantify tropical deforestation area and carbon emissions from LUC induced by the production and the export of four commodities (beef, soybeans, palm oil, and wood products) in seven countries with high deforestation rates (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea). We show that in the period 2000-2011, the production of the four analyzed commodities in our seven case countries was responsible for 40% of total tropical deforestation and resulting carbon losses. Over a third of these impacts was embodied in exports in 2011, up from a fifth in 2000. This trend highlights the growing influence of global markets in deforestation dynamics. Main flows of embodied LUC are Latin American beef and soybean exports to markets in Europe, China, the former Soviet bloc, the Middle East and Northern Africa, whereas embodied emission flows are dominated by Southeast Asian exports of palm oil and wood products to consumers in China, India and the rest of Asia, as well as to the European Union. Our findings illustrate the growing role that global consumers play in tropical LUC trajectories and highlight the need for demand-side policies covering whole supply chains. We also discuss the limitations of such demand-side measures and call for a combination of supply- and demand-side policies to effectively limit tropical deforestation, along with research into the interactions of different types of policy interventions.

Home advantage in southern hemisphere rugby union: national and international.

PubMed

Morton R, Hugh

2006-05-01

This study evaluates home advantages both for national (Super 12) and international (Tri-nations) rugby union teams from South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, over the five-year period 2000 - 2004 using linear modelling. These home advantages are examined for statistical and practical significance, for variability between teams, for stability over time and for inter-correlation. These data reveal that the overall home advantage in elite rugby union has a mean of +6.7 points, and that this changes little from year to year. Closer scrutiny nevertheless reveals a high degree of variability. Different teams can and do have different home advantages, which ranges from a low of -0.7 to a high of +28.3 points in any one year. Furthermore, some team home advantages change up or down from one year to the next, by as much as -36.5 to +31.4 points at the extremes. There is no evidence that the stronger teams have the higher home advantages, or that a high home advantage leads to a superior finishing position in the competition.

75 FR 17083 - Fiduciary Duties at Federal Credit Unions; Mergers and Conversions of Insured Credit Unions...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-05

... Credit Unions; Mergers and Conversions of Insured Credit Unions; Correction AGENCY: National Credit Union... Federal credit unions and mergers and conversions of insured credit unions. The proposed rule as published... Conversions of Insured Credit Unions) in the e-mail subject line.'' [[Page 17084

Is intramedullary nailing applicable for distal tibial fractures with ankle joint extension?

PubMed

Beytemür, Ozan; Albay, Cem; Adanır, Oktay; Yüksel, Serdar; Güleç, Mehmet Akif

2016-12-01

This study aims to evaluate the functional and radiographic results and treatment complications of AO/OTA (Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association) type 43C1 and C2 fractures treated with intramedullary nailing. We retrospectively evaluated 35 AO/OTA type 43C1 and C2 patients (26 males, 9 females; mean age 39.8±16.9 years; range 19 to 82 years) treated with intramedullary nailing. Two interfragmentary screws out of nail were applied in 10 patients (29%), while one interfragmentary screw out of nail was applied in 17 patients (49%). Intramedullary nailing was applied in eight patients (23%) without external screws. Fracture union, union time, alignment problems, and complications were evaluated. Clinical evaluation of patients was conducted using the Olerud and Molander score and by measuring the ankle joint range of motion. Union was achieved in all 35 patients. Mean union time was 16.5±2.8 weeks (range 12 to 24 weeks) and mean Olerud and Molander score was 88±8.24. Varus deformity was detected in one patient, valgus deformity was detected in two patients, and rotation deformity was detected in one patient. Superficial infection was detected in three patients (9%). Deep infection was not detected in any patient. Intramedullary nailing is not contraindicated for simple intra-articular distal tibial fractures. In these fractures, intramedullary nailing performed in accordance with its technique, with an additional percutaneous screw if necessary, is a successful treatment option with high fracture union rates, high functional results, and low complication rates.

Sport concussion assessment tool-Third edition normative reference values for professional Rugby Union players.

PubMed

Fuller, G W; Govind, O; Tucker, R; Raftery, M

2018-04-01

To establish normative reference data for the SCAT3 in professional Rugby Union players. A cross sectional study in professional Rugby Union players competing in national and international professional competitions between 2015 and 2016. The SCAT3 was administered pre-season or prior to tournaments. Data was collected electronically using a custom tablet application. SCAT3 subcomponents distributions were described and normative ranges determined using percentile cut-offs for average, unusually low/high, and extremely low/high scores. The association between player characteristics and performance in SCAT3 subcomponents was also investigated in exploratory analyses. A total of 3611 professional Rugby Union players were included. The most common baseline symptom was fatigue (14%). The symptom score median (md) was 0 (interquartile range (IQR)=0-1). Symptom severity md was 0 (IQR=0-1). The md of the SAC score was 28 (IQR=26-29). The md of the MBESS was 2 (IQR=0-4). The Tandem gait md was 11.1s (IQR=10.0-12.7s). Upper limb coordination was normal in 98.4%. Younger age and lower educational level were associated with worse performance on delayed recall and reverse month sub-components of the SCAT3 (p<0.0001). No statistically significant differences in SCAT3 subcomponents were evident across gender. Representative normative reference values for the SCAT3 among professional Rugby Union players are provided. Baseline performance on concentration and delayed recall tests may be lower in younger athletes or in those with lower educational level. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Using external and internal locking plates in a two-stage protocol for treatment of segmental tibial fractures.

PubMed

Ma, Ching-Hou; Tu, Yuan-Kun; Yeh, Jih-Hsi; Yang, Shih-Chieh; Wu, Chin-Hsien

2011-09-01

The tibial segmental fractures usually follow high-energy trauma and are often associated with many complications. We designed a two-stage protocol for these complex injuries. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of tibial segmental fractures treated according to this protocol. A prospective series of 25 consecutive segmental tibial fractures were treated using a two-stage procedure. In the first stage, a low-profile locking plate was applied as an external fixator to temporarily immobilize the fractures after anatomic reduction had been achieved followed by soft-tissue reconstruction. The second stage involved definitive internal fixation with a locking plate using a minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis technique. The median follow-up was 32 months (range, 20-44 months). All fractures achieved union. The median time for the proximal fracture union was 23 weeks (range, 12-30 weeks) and that for distal fracture union was 27 weeks (range, 12-46 weeks; p = 0.08). Functional results were excellent in 21 patients and good in 4 patients. There were three cases of delayed union of distal fracture. Valgus malunion >5 degrees occurred in two patients, and length discrepancy >1 cm was observed in two patients. Pin tract infection occurred in three patients. Use of the two-stage procedure for treatment of segmental tibial fractures is recommended. Surgeons can achieve good reduction with stable temporary fixation, soft-tissue reconstruction, ease of subsequent definitive fixation, and high union rates. Our patients obtained excellent knee and ankle joint motion, good functional outcomes, and a comfortable clinical course.

Promoting Agriculture Development for Social Stability in Myanmar

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-30

transition if current reforms take hold and the Government of the Union of Myanmar (GOUM) undertakes additional economic reforms. This will translate...their output of high- value crops in the remote hilly areas of Rakhine, Chin, Kachin, and Shan states. The USG and the international donor community can...make a dramatic economic transition if current reforms take hold and the Government of the Union of Myanmar (GOUM) undertakes additional economic

JPRS Report. Soviet Union: World Economy & International Relations, No. 4, April 1989

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-08-23

use of various forms and directions of world economic relations. The division of the WCE into two groups of countries reflects the actual existence... group of the most highly developed countries, using the advantages stemming from the closer intertwining of their economies, could probably increase...the Bush Administra- tion? What are the economic, domestic and foreign political factors which determine US policies toward the Soviet Union? What

The Reserve Policies of Nations: A Comparative Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-09-01

summer of 2006, 780 German soldiers participated in the 2,000-man European Union Force (EUFOR) for the Democratic Republic of Congo, which...Sydney Olympic Games, the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, and the 2003 Rugby World Cup.144 In late 2003, the Australian Army created its...system revolved. Soviet leaders placed a high priority on maintaining a large pool of well-trained military reservists. In their eyes, the Union of

Skin thickening as unique pathologic sign of an inflammatory breast cancer: a case report and review of the literature.

PubMed

Ballesio, L; D'Ambrosio, I; Ravazzolo, N; Angeletti, M; Di Pastena, F; Tardioli, S; Lodise, P; Marini, M

2011-01-01

We report the case of a 42-year-old woman with inflammatory cancer of the right breast treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery, additional chemotherapy, and consolidative radiotherapy (RT), that has metastatized to the chest wall and presented a resumption of disease on the contralateral breast. Magnetic Resonance (MR), performed after the second phase's fourth round of additional chemotherapy, showed a modest reduction of scar metastases on the right and a contralateral anomalous skin thickening with high signal intensity in T2 weighted images (WI) with multiple mass-like enhancements located in a wide area of the central region at the union of higher quadrants. These findings were suggestive for resumption of contralateral disease; the biopsy confirmed an inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) infiltrating lobular type with high mitotic rate. A retrospective evaluation of the previous MR exam, performed 5 months before, was conducted: on the left side only a modest skin thickening was found as an early sign. A careful review of the literature has confirmed that skin thickening, increased density and clinical signs of inflammation are the most common findings in inflammatory cancer. We report the case of a patient affected by IBC whose unique early sign of resumption on the contralateral breast was skin thickening.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Oldham, D.W.

Commercial quantities of gas have been produced from shallow sandstone reservoirs of the Fort Union Formation (Paleocene) in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming. The two largest accumulations discovered to date, Oedekoven and Chan pools, were drilled on prospects which invoked differential compaction as a mechanism for gas entrapment and prospect delineation. Gas is believed to have accumulated in localized structural highs early in the burial history of lenticular sands. Structural relief is due to the compaction contrast between sand and stratigraphically-equivalent fine-grained sediments. A shallow Fort Union gas play was based on reports of shallow gas shows, the occurrencemore » of thick coals which could have served as sources for bacterial gas, and the presence of lenticular sandstones which may have promoted the development of compaction structures early in the burial process, to which bacterial gas migrated. Five geologic elements related to compactional trap development were used to rank prospects. Drilling of the Oedekoven prospect, which possessed all prospect elements, led to the discovery of the Oedekoven Fort Union gas pool at a depth of 340 ft (104 m). The uncemented, very fine grained, well-sorted {open_quotes}Canyon sand{close_quotes} pay has extremely high intergranular porosity. Low drilling and completion costs associated with shallow, high-permeability reservoirs, an abundance of subsurface control with which to delineate prospects, and existing gas-gathering systems make Fort Union sandstones attractive primary targets in shallow exploration efforts as well as secondary objectives in deeper drilling programs.« less

Photosensitivity: a current biological overview.

PubMed

Elkeeb, Dena; Elkeeb, Laila; Maibach, Howard

2012-12-01

The level of interest in photoirritation (phototoxicity) has increased because of the awareness among the scientific community of the increase in the UV portion of the solar spectrum reaching the earth. The need of new chemicals and drugs puts pressure on pre-test methods for side effects, especially interactive adverse effects with UV light. So pre-marketing clinical trials conducted before a new drug is licensed are essential, as such, at the early phases of the discovery process of the drug/chemical, developing an efficacious photosensitivity testing system is prudent to avoid such potential side effects. To review published literature and provide an overview on exogenous photosensitivity and assays used to evaluate the photosensitivity potential of drugs/chemicals. As well as testing considerations by the Regulatory bodies (namely, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the U.S Food and Drug Administration and the European Union regulatory agencies). We searched medical and scientific search engines as well as websites of the EU and US Regulatory agencies and used keywords such as cutaneous phototoxicity, phototoxicity in vitro assays, phototoxicity in vivo assays and other related terms.

Women Physicists Speak: The 2001 International Study of Women in Physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ivie, Rachel; Czujko, Roman; Stowe, Katie

2002-09-01

The Working Group on Women in Physics of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) subcontracted with the Statistical Research Center of the American Institute of Physics (AIP) to conduct an international study on women in physics. This study had two parts. First, we conducted a benchmarking study to identify reliable sources and collect data on the representation of women in physics in as many IUPAP member countries as possible. Second, we conducted an international survey of individual women physicists. The survey addressed issues related to both education and employment. On the education side, we asked about experiences and critical incidents from secondary school through the highest degree earned. On the employment side, we asked about how the respondents' careers had evolved and their self-assessment of how well their careers had progressed. In addition, the questionnaire also addressed issues that cut across education and employment, such as the impact of marriage and children, the factors that contributed the most toward the success they had achieved to date, and suggestions for what could be done to improve the situation of women physicists.

Determinants of unmet need for family planning among women in Urban Cameroon: a cross sectional survey in the Biyem-Assi Health District, Yaoundé.

PubMed

Ajong, Atem Bethel; Njotang, Philip Nana; Yakum, Martin Ndinakie; Essi, Marie José; Essiben, Felix; Eko, Filbert Eko; Kenfack, Bruno; Mbu, Enow Robinson

2016-01-20

With the unacceptably high level of unmet need for family planning in Sub-Saharan Africa, reducing unmet need is paramount in the fight against the high levels of induced abortions, maternal and neonatal morbi-mortality. A clear understanding of the determinants of unmet need for family planning is indispensable in this light. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of unmet need for family planning in Urban Cameroon while identifying major determinants of unmet need among women in a union in Urban Cameroon. A community based cross sectional study was conducted from March 2015 to April 2015 during which 370 women in a union were recruited using cluster multistep sampling in the Biyem-Assi Health District, Yaounde. Data were collected using a pretested and validated questionnaire. Proportions and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated with the Westoff/DHS method used to estimate unmet need for family planning and the odds ratio used as measure of association with statistical significant threshold set at p-value ≤ 0.05. Of the 370 eligible women included, the mean age was 29.9 ± 6.8 years, and 61.1% were married. The prevalence of unmet need for family planning was 20.4 (16.4-24.8)% with 14.2 (11.2-18.7)% having an unmet need for spacing and 6.2 (3.6-8.7)% an unmet need for limiting. Husband's approval of contraception had a statistically significant protective association with unmet need (AOR = 0.52 [0.30-0.92], p = 0.023), and discussion about family planning within the couple had a highly statistically significant protective association with unmet need (AOR = 0.39 [0.21-0.69], p = 0.001). The major reason for non-use of contraception among women with unmet need was the fear of side effects. The prevalence of unmet need of family planning among women in the Biyem-Assi Health District remains high. Husband's approval of contraception and couples' discussion about family planning are two major factors to be considered when planning interventions to reduce unmet need for family planning. Family planning activities focused on couples or including men could be useful in reducing the rate of unmet need in Cameroon.

Assay optimisation and technology transfer for multi-site immuno-monitoring in vaccine trials

PubMed Central

Harris, Stephanie A.; Satti, Iman; Bryan, Donna; Walker, K. Barry; Dockrell, Hazel M.; McShane, Helen; Ho, Mei Mei

2017-01-01

Cellular immunological assays are important tools for the monitoring of responses to T-cell-inducing vaccine candidates. As these bioassays are often technically complex and require considerable experience, careful technology transfer between laboratories is critical if high quality, reproducible data that allows comparison between sites, is to be generated. The aim of this study, funded by the European Union Framework Program 7-funded TRANSVAC project, was to optimise Standard Operating Procedures and the technology transfer process to maximise the reproducibility of three bioassays for interferon-gamma responses: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), ex-vivo enzyme-linked immunospot and intracellular cytokine staining. We found that the initial variability in results generated across three different laboratories reduced following a combination of Standard Operating Procedure harmonisation and the undertaking of side-by-side training sessions in which assay operators performed each assay in the presence of an assay ‘lead’ operator. Mean inter-site coefficients of variance reduced following this training session when compared with the pre-training values, most notably for the ELISA assay. There was a trend for increased inter-site variability at lower response magnitudes for the ELISA and intracellular cytokine staining assays. In conclusion, we recommend that on-site operator training is an essential component of the assay technology transfer process and combined with harmonised Standard Operating Procedures will improve the quality, reproducibility and comparability of data produced across different laboratories. These data may be helpful in ongoing discussions of the potential risk/benefit of centralised immunological assay strategies for large clinical trials versus decentralised units. PMID:29020010

Poliomyelitis in 1954

PubMed Central

Payne, A. M.-M.; Freyche, M.-J.

1956-01-01

As in an earlier study, the authors have endeavoured to review the world incidence of poliomyelitis on the basis of the available statistical information (official notifications of cases and deaths) and to compare these data with data received from various sources regarding the prevailing viruses. It is certainly not yet possible to establish side by side the cartography of actual poliomyelitis cases and that of the prevalence and distribution of the polioviruses. However, it may not be too early to make a start in this direction. In Africa there was a rise of about 40% in the number of poliomyelitis notifications. Part of this increase is probably due to improved reporting. Characteristic epidemics were observed in the west (Senegal, Cameroons under French administration), as well as in the east (Sudan, Kenya, Tanganyika, Northern and Southern Rhodesia, Union of South Africa). In America the most outstanding outbreaks were observed in Alaska, in Wyoming, Nebraska, Iowa, Florida, and California, and all round the Caribbean Sea (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad). In the Asiatic countries the number of notifications was generally of the same order as in 1953. The incidence also declined in Europe, in spite of the fact that Greece was affected by the most serious epidemic recorded in its history. Other outbreaks were recorded in Finland, Switzerland, and Austria, where the incidence had also been high in the previous year. An increase was also noted in Scotland. Finally, in Oceania, poliomyelitis took on epidemic proportions in Australia (in the territory of the Federal Capital and in the States of Victoria and Western Australia) and in the Hawaiian Islands. PMID:13383360

Small scatterers in the lower mantle observed at German broadband arrays

USGS Publications Warehouse

Thomas, C.; Weber, M.; Wicks, C.W.; Scherbaum, F.

1999-01-01

Seismograms of earthquakes from the South Pacific recorded at a German broadband array and network show precursors to PKPdf. These precursors mainly originate from off-path scattering of PKPab or a nearby PKPbc to P (for receiver-side scattering) or from scattering of P to PKPab or PKPbc on the PKPdf path (for source-side scattering). Standard array processing techniques based on plane wave approximations (such as vespagram or frequency-wavenumber analysis) are inadequate for investigating these precursors since scattered waves cannot be approximated as plane waves for arrays and networks larger than 300 x 300 km for short-period waves. We therefore develop a migration method to estimate the location of scatterers in the mantle, at the core-mantle boundary and at the top of the outer core. With our method we are able to find isolated scatterers at the source side and the receiver side, although the depth of the scatterer is not well constrained. However, from looking at the first possible arrival time of precursors at different depth and the region where scattering can take place (scattering volume), we believe that the location of the scatterers is in the lowermost mantle. Since we have detected scatterers in regions where ultralow-velocity zones have been discovered recently, we think that the precursor energy possibly originates from scattering at partial melt at the base of the mantle. Comparing results from broadband and band-pass-filtered data the detection of small-scale structure of the ultralow-velocity zones becomes possible. Copyright 1999 by the American Geophysical Union.

A Prospective Randomized Study on Operative Treatment for Simple Distal Tibial Fractures-Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis Versus Minimal Open Reduction and Internal Fixation.

PubMed

Kim, Ji Wan; Kim, Hyun Uk; Oh, Chang-Wug; Kim, Joon-Woo; Park, Ki Chul

2018-01-01

To compare the radiologic and clinical results of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) and minimal open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for simple distal tibial fractures. Randomized prospective study. Three level 1 trauma centers. Fifty-eight patients with simple and distal tibial fractures were randomized into a MIPO group (treatment with MIPO; n = 29) or a minimal group (treatment with minimal ORIF; n = 29). These numbers were designed to define the rate of soft tissue complication; therefore, validation of superiority in union time or determination of differences in rates of delayed union was limited in this study. Simple distal tibial fractures treated with MIPO or minimal ORIF. The clinical outcome measurements included operative time, radiation exposure time, and soft tissue complications. To evaluate a patient's function, the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle score (AOFAS) was used. Radiologic measurements included fracture alignment, delayed union, and union time. All patients acquired bone union without any secondary intervention. The mean union time was 17.4 weeks and 16.3 weeks in the MIPO and minimal groups, respectively. There was 1 case of delayed union and 1 case of superficial infection in each group. The radiation exposure time was shorter in the minimal group than in the MIPO group. Coronal angulation showed a difference between both groups. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle scores were 86.0 and 86.7 in the MIPO and minimal groups, respectively. Minimal ORIF resulted in similar outcomes, with no increased rate of soft tissue problems compared to MIPO. Both MIPO and minimal ORIF have high union rates and good functional outcomes for simple distal tibial fractures. Minimal ORIF did not result in increased rates of infection and wound dehiscence. Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Shape change in the atlas with congenital midline non-union of its posterior arch: a morphometric geometric study.

PubMed

Ríos, Luis; Palancar, Carlos; Pastor, Francisco; Llidó, Susana; Sanchís-Gimeno, Juan Alberto; Bastir, Markus

2017-10-01

The congenital midline non-union of the posterior arch of the atlas is a developmental variant present at a frequency ranging from 0.7% to 3.9%. Most of the reported cases correspond to incidental findings during routine medical examination. In cases of posterior non-union, hypertrophy of the anterior arch and cortical bone thickening of the posterior arches have been observed and interpreted as adaptive responses of the atlas to increased mechanical stress. We sought to determine if the congenital non-union of the posterior arch results in a change in the shape of the atlas. This study is an analysis of the first cervical vertebrae from osteological collections through morphometric geometric techniques. A total of 21 vertebrae were scanned with a high-resolution three-dimensional scanner (Artec Space Spider, Artec Group, Luxembourg). To capture vertebral shape, 19 landmarks and 100 semilandmarks were placed on the vertebrae. Procrustes superimposition was applied to obtain size and shape data (MorphoJ 1.02; Klingenberg, 2011), which were analyzed through principal component analysis (PCA) and mean shape comparisons. The PCA resulted in two components explaining 22.32% and 18.8% of the total shape variance. The graphic plotting of both components indicates a clear shape difference between the control atlas and the atlas with posterior non-union. This observation was supported by statistically significant differences in mean shape comparisons between both types of vertebra (p<.0001). Changes in shape were observed in the superior and inferior articular facets, the transverse processes, and the neural canal between the control and non-union vertebrae. Non-union of the posterior arch of the atlas is associated with significant changes in the shape of the vertebra. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The ball in play demands of international rugby union.

PubMed

Pollard, Benjamin T; Turner, Anthony N; Eager, Robin; Cunningham, Daniel J; Cook, Christian J; Hogben, Patrick; Kilduff, Liam P

2018-03-03

Rugby union is a high intensity intermittent sport, typically analysed via set time periods or rolling average methods. This study reports the demands of international rugby union via global positioning system (GPS) metrics expressed as mean ball in play (BiP), maximum BiP (max BiP), and whole match outputs. Single cohort cross sectional study involving 22 international players, categorised as forwards and backs. A total of 88 GPS files from eight international test matches were collected during 2016. An Opta sportscode timeline was integrated into the GPS software to split the data into BiP periods. Metres per min (mmin -1 ), high metabolic load per min (HML), accelerations per min (Acc), high speed running per min (HSR), and collisions per min (Coll) were expressed relative to BiP periods and over the whole match (>60min). Whole match metrics were significantly lower than all BiP metrics (p<0.001). Mean and max BiP HML, (p<0.01) and HSR (p<0.05) were significantly higher for backs versus forwards, whereas Coll were significantly higher for forwards (p<0.001). In plays lasting 61s or greater, max BiP mmin -1 were higher for backs. Max BiP mmin -1 , HML, HSR and Coll were all time dependant (p<0.05) showing that both movement metrics and collision demands differ as length of play continues. This study uses a novel method of accurately assessing the BiP demands of rugby union. It also reports typical and maximal demands of international rugby union that can be used by practitioners and scientists to target training of worst-case scenario's equivalent to international intensity. Backs covered greater distances at higher speeds and demonstrated higher HML, in general play as well as 'worst case scenarios'; conversely forwards perform a higher number of collisions. Copyright © 2018 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Beyond Texas City: the state of process safety in the unionized U.S. oil refining industry.

PubMed

McQuiston, Thomas H; Lippin, Tobi Mae; Bradley-Bull, Kristin; Anderson, Joseph; Beach, Josie; Beevers, Gary; Frederick, Randy J; Frederick, James; Greene, Tammy; Hoffman, Thomas; Lefton, James; Nibarger, Kim; Renner, Paul; Ricks, Brian; Seymour, Thomas; Taylor, Ren; Wright, Mike

2009-01-01

The March 2005 British Petroleum (BP) Texas City Refinery disaster provided a stimulus to examine the state of process safety in the U.S. refining industry. Participatory action researchers conducted a nation-wide mail-back survey of United Steelworkers local unions and collected data from 51 unionized refineries. The study examined the prevalence of highly hazardous conditions key to the Texas City disaster, refinery actions to address those conditions, emergency preparedness and response, process safety systems, and worker training. Findings indicate that the key highly hazardous conditions were pervasive and often resulted in incidents or near-misses. Respondents reported worker training was insufficient and less than a third characterized their refineries as very prepared to respond safely to a hazardous materials emergency. The authors conclude that the potential for future disasters plagues the refining industry. In response, they call for effective proactive OSHA regulation and outline ten urgent and critical actions to improve refinery process safety.

Predisposing factors and outcome of treatment of non-union of long-bone fractures in Ibadan, Nigeria.

PubMed

Ogunlade, S O; Omololu, A B; Alonge, T O; Diete, S T; Obawonyi, J E

2011-03-01

This study was done to find out factors that contribute to development of Non-union of long bone fractures in this environment and the outcome of operative intervention. This is a prospective hospital based study. All patients with Non-union of long bone fracture that presented in the hospital since January 1997 were recruited into the study. The data included causative factors, treatment given before presenting in the hospital, type of surgical procedure and result of treatment. The study was completed in December, 2005. 78 patients presented with 87 Non-union of long bones. A male, female ratio of 1.6:1 was encountered while 69.2 per cent of the patients were below the age 55years. Road Traffic Accident accounted for 68 fractures (78.2 per cent) while duration of injury before presentation varies from 6 months to 22 months. Atrophic non-union occurred in 60 cases (69.0 per cent) and hypertrophic non-union in 21 cases. Non-union of the femur occurred in 33 cases (37.9 per cent) humerus in 24 cases (27.6 per cent), tibia in 16 cases (18.4 per cent), radius and ulna in 14 cases (16.1 per cent). The initial treatments of the fresh fracture in the 78 patients with nonunion were by the traditional bonesetters in 51 patients (65.4 per cent) while the remaining fractures were treated by plaster of paris in hospital. Open reduction and internal fixation using plate and screws with bone grafting was the most common procedure for treating the non-union in most cases. Union was achieved in the entire patients following surgical intervention. Important factor that appears to contribute to non-union of long bone in this environment is soft tissue interposition between the fracture ends of the bone, which is found in all fractures with more than one diameter displacement. Another factor is interference with periosteal blood supply from disruption of soft tissue envelope as a result of high energy injuries which is also responsible for the displacements that were observed in these fractures. The treatment by traditional bone setters which entails daily massage of the fracture creating a macro movement at the fracture site is also an important contributing factor.

The German Reunification Issue: A Soviet Perspective.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-09-01

relationship with the Soviet Union is central to its viability, its economic stability, and the maintenance of its position in the Warsaw Pact. The...tion, and consumer spending is twice as high in the GDR than in the USSR. This voracious consumption is visible to Soviet troops. The Soviet Union...response to the prolonged Polish crisis, East and West Germany appear to be mutually shielding their special relationship from the cold East-West winds

Battlefield Air Interdiction: Airpower for the Future

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

recommendations for the effective use of airpower for this purpose are made. A future war will probably be against the Soviet Union or one of its...emphasis will be placed upon the Soviet forces since it is likely that any future belligerence will be against the _ _......6 I Soviet Union or one of its...offensive operations (see figure 3) stress rapid, continuous movement. Objectives are established which demand high rates of advance. A regiment, for

Ammonia emissions in the United States, European Union, and China derived by high-resolution inversion of ammonium wet deposition data: Interpretation with a new agricultural emissions inventory (MASAGE_NH3)

EPA Science Inventory

We use the adjoint of a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to optimizeammonia (NH_{3+4 wet deposition fluxes. Optimized emissions are derive...}

Facial fractures in football: incidence, site, and mechanism of injury.

PubMed

Kim, S Y; Chan, C L; Hyam, D M

2016-10-01

Football injuries are responsible for many of the maxillofacial injuries sustained during sporting activities. In the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), the four major types of Australian football are played in large numbers and up to a high standard. Our objective was to analyse maxillofacial fractures that were sustained during rugby league, rugby union, Australian rules, and soccer matches. We retrospectively studied 134 patients with maxillofacial fractures during the five-year period 2010-14. All patients were assessed and treated at Canberra Hospital, the major trauma centre in the ACT. Data collected from patients' records included type of football, age, sex, mechanism of injury, site of injury, and treatment. The number of people registered to play was obtained from each football governing body to find out the incidence of fractures. League had the highest incidence of facial fractures, followed by union, Australian rules, and soccer. High speed and high collision football (league and union) had a higher rate of mandibular fractures than high speed and low contact football (Australian rules and soccer) (n=43, 45% compared with n=7, 21%). Australian rules and soccer had a higher incidence of midface fractures than league and union (n=26, 79%, compared with n=52, 55%). Clash of heads was the leading cause of fractures. Collisions against other players' shoulders and forearms were more likely to cause mandible fractures. Ninety-four patients (70%) required surgical intervention. Football-related maxillofacial fractures occur regularly, and different types of football have predictable patterns of injury. Padding of the heads and elbows of players may reduce the number and seriousness of facial fractures. Crown Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Injury and biomechanical perspectives on the rugby scrum: a review of the literature.

PubMed

Trewartha, Grant; Preatoni, Ezio; England, Michael E; Stokes, Keith A

2015-04-01

As a collision sport, rugby union has a relatively high overall injury incidence, with most injuries being associated with contact events. Historically, the set scrum has been a focus of the sports medicine community due to the perceived risk of catastrophic spinal injury during scrummaging. The contemporary rugby union scrum is a highly dynamic activity but to this point has not been well characterised mechanically. In this review, we synthesise the available research literature relating to the medical and biomechanical aspects of the rugby union scrum, in order to (1) review the injury epidemiology of rugby scrummaging; (2) consider the evidence for specific injury mechanisms existing to cause serious scrum injuries and (3) synthesise the information available on the biomechanics of scrummaging, primarily with respect to force production. The review highlights that the incidence of acute injury associated with scrummaging is moderate but the risk per event is high. The review also suggests an emerging acknowledgement of the potential for scrummaging to lead to premature chronic degeneration injuries of the cervical spine and summarises the mechanisms by which these chronic injuries are thought to occur. More recent biomechanical studies of rugby scrummaging confirm that scrum engagement forces are high and multiplanar, but can be altered through modifications to the scrum engagement process which control the engagement velocity. As the set scrum is a relatively 'controlled' contact situation within rugby union, it remains an important area for intervention with a long-term goal of injury reduction. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Cervical isometric strength and range of motion of elite rugby union players: a cohort study

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background Head and neck injury is relatively common in Rugby Union. Despite this, strength and range-of-motion characteristics of the cervical spine are poorly characterised. The aim of this study was to provide data on the strength and range-of-motion of the cervical spine of professional rugby players to guide clinical rehabilitation. Methods A cohort study was performed evaluating 27 players from a single UK professional rugby club. Cervical isometric strength and range-of-motion were assessed in 3 planes of reference. Anthropometric data was collected and multivariate regression modelling performed with a view to predicting cervical isometric strength. Results Largest forces were generated in extension, with broadly equal isometric side flexion forces at around 90% of extension values. The forwards generated significantly more force than the backline in all parameters bar flexion. The forwards had substantially reduced cervical range-of-motion and larger body mass, with differences observed in height, weight, neck circumference and chest circumference (p < 0.002). Neck circumference was the sole predictor of isometric extension (adjusted R2 = 30.34). Conclusion Rehabilitative training programs aim to restore individuals to pre-injury status. This work provides reference ranges for the strength and range of motion of the cervical spine of current elite level rugby players. PMID:25120916

Cervical isometric strength and range of motion of elite rugby union players: a cohort study.

PubMed

Hamilton, David F; Gatherer, Don

2014-01-01

Head and neck injury is relatively common in Rugby Union. Despite this, strength and range-of-motion characteristics of the cervical spine are poorly characterised. The aim of this study was to provide data on the strength and range-of-motion of the cervical spine of professional rugby players to guide clinical rehabilitation. A cohort study was performed evaluating 27 players from a single UK professional rugby club. Cervical isometric strength and range-of-motion were assessed in 3 planes of reference. Anthropometric data was collected and multivariate regression modelling performed with a view to predicting cervical isometric strength. Largest forces were generated in extension, with broadly equal isometric side flexion forces at around 90% of extension values. The forwards generated significantly more force than the backline in all parameters bar flexion. The forwards had substantially reduced cervical range-of-motion and larger body mass, with differences observed in height, weight, neck circumference and chest circumference (p < 0.002). Neck circumference was the sole predictor of isometric extension (adjusted R(2) = 30.34). Rehabilitative training programs aim to restore individuals to pre-injury status. This work provides reference ranges for the strength and range of motion of the cervical spine of current elite level rugby players.

75 FR 57820 - National Credit Union Administration Restoration Plan

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-22

... NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION National Credit Union Administration Restoration Plan AGENCY: National Credit Union Administration (NCUA). ACTION: Approval of National Credit Union Administration restoration plan. On September 16, 2010, the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) implemented a...

Treatment of segmental tibial fractures with supercutaneous plating.

PubMed

He, Xianfeng; Zhang, Jingwei; Li, Ming; Yu, Yihui; Zhu, Limei

2014-08-01

Segmental tibial fractures usually follow a high-energy trauma and are often associated with many complications. The purpose of this report is to describe the authors' results in the treatment of segmental tibial fractures with supercutaneous locking plates used as external fixators. Between January 2009 and March 2012, a total of 20 patients underwent external plating (supercutaneous plating) of the segmental tibial fractures using a less-invasive stabilization system locking plate (Synthes, Paoli, Pennsylvania). Six fractures were closed and 14 were open (6 grade IIIa, 2 grade IIIb, 4 grade II, and 2 grade I, according to the Gustilo classification). When imaging studies confirmed bone union, the plates and screws were removed in the outpatient clinic. Average time of follow-up was 23 months (range, 12-47 months). All fractures achieved union. Median time to union was 19 weeks (range, 12-40 weeks) for the proximal fractures and 22 weeks (range, 12-42 weeks) for the distal fractures. Functional results were excellent in 17 patients and good in 3. Delayed union of the fracture occurred in 2 patients. All patients' radiographs showed normal alignment. No rotational deformities and leg shortening were seen. No incidences of deep infection or implant failures occurred. Minor screw tract infection occurred in 2 patients. A new 1-stage protocol using supercutaneous plating as a definitive fixator for segmental tibial fractures is less invasive, has a lower cost, and has a shorter hospitalization time. Surgeons can achieve good reduction, soft tissue reconstruction, stable fixation, and high union rates using supercutaneous plating. The current patients obtained excellent knee and ankle joint motion and good functional outcomes and had a comfortable clinical course. Copyright 2014, SLACK Incorporated.

Reported foodborne outbreaks due to fresh produce in the United States and European Union: trends and causes.

PubMed

Callejón, Raquel M; Rodríguez-Naranjo, M Isabel; Ubeda, Cristina; Hornedo-Ortega, Ruth; Garcia-Parrilla, M Carmen; Troncoso, Ana M

2015-01-01

The consumption of fruit and vegetables continues to rise in the United States and European Union due to healthy lifestyle recommendations. Meanwhile, the rate of foodborne illness caused by the consumption of these products remains high in both regions, representing a significant public health and financial issue. This study addresses the occurrence of reported foodborne outbreaks associated with fresh fruits and vegetables consumption in the United States and European Union during the period 2004-2012, where data are available. Special attention is paid to those pathogens responsible for these outbreaks, the mechanisms of contamination, and the fresh produce vehicles involved. Norovirus is shown to be responsible for most of the produce-related outbreaks, followed by Salmonella. Norovirus is mainly linked with the consumption of salad in the United States and of berries in the European Union, as demonstrated by the Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA). Salmonella was the leading cause of multistate produce outbreaks in the United States and was the pathogen involved in the majority of sprouts-associated outbreaks. As is reflected in the MCA, the pattern of fresh produce outbreaks differed in the United States and European Union by the type of microorganism and the food vehicle involved.

Evaluation of available data on the geohydrology, soil chemistry, and ground-water chemistry of Gas Works Park and surrounding region, Seattle, Washington

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sabol, M.A.; Turney, G.L.; Ryals, G.N.

1988-01-01

Gas Works Park, in Seattle, Washington, is located at the site of an abandon gasification plant on Lake Union. Wastes deposited during 50 years of plant operations (1906-1956) have extended the shore line 100 ft and left the park soil contaminated with a number of hazardous material. Soil contaminants include polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, cyanide, and metals. PAHs and metals have been detected in Lake Union sediments. Maximum total PAH concentrations exceeded 100 million micrograms/kilogram in some places in the soils of the park at 6-inch depths and in some lake sediments. Other contaminants present are much lower in concentrations. The park is on glacial drift overlain by gasification waste materials and clean fill. Waste materials include sand and gravels, mixed with lampblack, oil, bricks, and other industrial wastes. Groundwater flows through the soils and waste toward Lake Union. Vertical groundwater movement is uncertain, but is assumed to be upward near Lake Union. Concentrations of most soil contaminants are probably low in the groundwater and in Lake Union due to the low solubilities and high sorptive characteristics of these contaminants. However, no water quality data are available to confirm this premise. (USGS)

Investigating the origin of vagrant dusky groupers, Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834), in coastal waters of Réunion Island.

PubMed

Reid, Kerry; Crochelet, Estelle; Bloomer, Paulette; Hoareau, Thierry B

2016-10-01

Due to their geographic isolation, biotas of oceanic islands are likely influenced by episodic long distance dispersal events, but such observations are scarce. In June 2012, fishermen from Réunion Island caught an unknown specimen of grouper, identified as dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834). This was highly unexpected considering the large distance of its closest verified occurrence (South Africa, ∼2500km). To identify the origin of this specimen and the mechanisms driving this potential long distance colonization, we combined genetic analyses and hydrodynamic connectivity modeling approaches. Molecular markers and samples from various locations across the distribution range resulted in the identification of three putative source populations. The Réunion specimen clustered genetically with South Africa. The estimated spawning period in relation to the connectivity modeling of larvae showed no possible direct connection between South Africa and Réunion. However, connectivity was predicted through intermediate stepping stone populations likely located around the southern tip of Madagascar, where the occurrence of the species has yet to be verified. The results further highlight the potential role of the cyclone Bingiza (February 2011) in the connection between Madagascar and Réunion. This shows that cyclones may be an important driver in long distance colonization of oceanic islands. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Delayed union and nonunions: epidemiology, clinical issues, and financial aspects.

PubMed

Hak, David J; Fitzpatrick, Daniel; Bishop, Julius A; Marsh, J Lawrence; Tilp, Susanne; Schnettler, Reinhard; Simpson, Hamish; Alt, Volker

2014-06-01

Fracture healing is a critically important clinical event for fracture patients and for clinicians who take care of them. The clinical evaluation of fracture healing is based on both radiographic findings and clinical findings. Risk factors for delayed union and nonunion include patient dependent factors such as advanced age, medical comorbidities, smoking, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory use, various genetic disorders, metabolic disease and nutritional deficiency. Patient independent factors include fracture pattern, location, and displacement, severity of soft tissue injury, degree of bone loss, quality of surgical treatment and presence of infection. Established nonunions can be characterised in terms of biologic capacity, deformity, presence or absence of infection, and host status. Hypertrophic, oligotrophic and atrophic radiographic appearances allow the clinician to make inferences about the degree of fracture stability and the biologic viability of the fracture fragments while developing a treatment plan. Non-unions are difficult to treat and have a high financial impact. Indirect costs, such as productivity losses, are the key driver for the overall costs in fracture and non-union patients. Therefore, all strategies that help to reduce healing time with faster resumption of work and activities not only improve medical outcome for the patient, they also help reduce the financial burden in fracture and non-union patients. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Plate-only open door laminoplasty maintains stable spinal canal expansion with high rates of hinge union and no plate failures.

PubMed

Rhee, John M; Register, Bradley; Hamasaki, Takahiko; Franklin, Betty

2011-01-01

Prospective clinical series. To evaluate the ability of plate-only laminoplasty to achieve stable laminar arch reconstruction and to determine the rate and time course with which bony healing occurs in such constructs. Reconstruction of a stable laminar arch with sufficient room for the decompressed spinal cord is a desired goal when performing cervical laminoplasty for myelopathy. Traditional forms of laminoplasty fixation, such as sutures, bone struts, and ceramic spacers, may be associated with complications including loss of fixation, dislodgement with neurologic compromise, and premature laminoplasty closure. Plates, in contrast, provide more rigid fixation. Plate-only laminoplasty is gaining popularity as a method of laminoplasty fixation, but there is little data on its effectiveness. Fifty-four patients who underwent open door laminoplasty for cervical myelopathy and had available postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans formed the basis of this study. In all cases, a 4-mm round burr was used to create the hinge at the junction of the lateral mass and lamina by completely removing the dorsal cortex and thinning the ventral cortex until a greenstick deformation of the hinge could be produced. Laminoplasty plates were used as the sole method of fixation. No supplemental bone graft struts were used on the plated side, and the hinge side was not bone grafted. Axial CT scans obtained at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively were assessed for plate complications and bony healing of the hinge. No plate failures, dislodgements, or premature closures occurred in any of the levels at any time postoperatively. Computed tomography scan review demonstrated that 55% of levels were healed at 3 months, 77% at 6 months, and 93% at 12 months. At each timepoint, C6 and C7 had the highest hinge healing rates. Laminar screw backout was seen in 5/217 (2.3%) of levels, but was not associated with plate dislodgement, laminoplasty closure, or neurologic consequences, and did not occur in any case in which 2 laminar screws had been placed. Plate-only laminoplasty provided stable reconstruction of an expanded laminar arch with no failures, dislodgements, adverse neurologic consequences, or premature closures in 217 levels. Ninety-three percent of hinges demonstrated radiographic union at 12 months, and even those that did not heal by CT scan criteria maintained patent expansion of the spinal canal without adverse neurologic consequences. Supplemental bone graft does not appear necessary when plated laminoplasty is performed.

Characterization of the differences in strength and power between different levels of competition in rugby union athletes.

PubMed

Argus, Christos K; Gill, Nicholas D; Keogh, Justin W L

2012-10-01

Levels of strength and power have been used to effectively discriminate between different levels of competition; however, there is limited literature in rugby union athletes. To assess the difference in strength and power between levels of competition, 112 rugby union players, including 43 professionals, 19 semiprofessionals, 32 academy level, and 18 high school level athletes, were assessed for bench press and box squat strength, and bench throw, and jump squat power. High school athletes were not assessed for jump squat power. Raw data along with data normalized to body mass with a derived power exponent were log transformed and analyzed. With the exception of box squat and bench press strength between professional and semiprofessional athletes, higher level athletes produced greater absolute and relative strength and power outputs than did lower level athletes (4-51%; small to very large effect sizes). Lower level athletes should strive to attain greater levels of strength and power in an attempt to reach or to be physically prepared for the next level of competition. Furthermore, the ability to produce high levels of power, rather than strength, may be a better determinate of playing ability between professional and semiprofessional athletes.

Effects of a short-term pre-season training programme on the body composition and anaerobic performance of professional rugby union players.

PubMed

Argus, Christos K; Gill, Nicholas; Keogh, Justin; Hopkins, Will G; Beaven, C Martyn

2010-04-01

Pre-season rugby training develops the physical requisites for competition and consists of a high volume of resistance training and anaerobic and aerobic conditioning. However, the effects of a rugby union pre-season in professional athletes are currently unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a 4-week pre-season on 33 professional rugby union players. Bench press and box squat increased moderately (13.6 kg, 90% confidence limits +/-2.9 kg and 17.6 +/- 8.0 kg, respectively) over the training phase. Small decreases in bench throw (70.6 +/- 53.5 W), jump squat (280.1 +/- 232.4 W), and fat mass (1.4 +/- 0.4 kg) were observed. In addition, small increases were seen in fat-free mass (2.0 +/- 0.6 kg) and flexed upper-arm girth (0.6 +/- 0.2 cm), while moderate increases were observed in mid-thigh girth (1.9 +/- 0.5 cm) and perception of fatigue (0.6 +/- 0.4 units). Increases in strength and body composition were observed in elite rugby union players after 4 weeks of intensive pre-season training, but this may have been the result of a return to fitness levels prior to the off-season. Decreases in power may reflect high training volumes and increases in perceived of fatigue.

49 CFR 231.2 - Hopper cars and high-side gondolas with fixed ends.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Hopper cars and high-side gondolas with fixed ends... cars and high-side gondolas with fixed ends. (Cars with sides more than 36 inches above the floor are high-side cars.) (a) Hand brakes—(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see...

49 CFR 231.2 - Hopper cars and high-side gondolas with fixed ends.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Hopper cars and high-side gondolas with fixed ends... cars and high-side gondolas with fixed ends. (Cars with sides more than 36 inches above the floor are high-side cars.) (a) Hand brakes—(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see...

49 CFR 231.2 - Hopper cars and high-side gondolas with fixed ends.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Hopper cars and high-side gondolas with fixed ends... cars and high-side gondolas with fixed ends. (Cars with sides more than 36 inches above the floor are high-side cars.) (a) Hand brakes—(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see...

Benchmarking Helps Measure Union Programs, Operations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mann, Jerry

2001-01-01

Explores three examples of benchmarking by college student unions. Focuses on how a union can collect information from other unions for use as benchmarking standards for the purposes of selling a concept or justifying program increases, or for comparing a union's financial performance to other unions. (EV)

Fractures after multimodality treatment of soft tissue sarcomas with isolated limb perfusion and radiation; likely to occur and hard to heal.

PubMed

Seinen, J M; Jutte, P C; Been, L B; Pras, E; Hoekstra, H J

2018-04-24

Treatment associated fractures (TAFs) are known severe side effects after surgery and radiotherapy for soft tissue sarcoma (STS). There is no literature about TAF after multimodality treatment with isolated limb perfusion (ILP) for locally advanced STS. This study aimed to analyze predictive factors, treatment and outcome for TAF after multimodality treatment with ILP. Out of 126 consecutive patients undergoing ILP after 1991 till now, 25 patients were excluded due to no surgery or direct amputation at initial surgery. Therefore, 101 patients were at risk and 12 developed a TAF (12%). The majority of tumors was located at the upper leg and knee (N = 60), and 11 patients developed a TAF (18%) after median 28 (5-237) months. Twenty-five tumors were located at the lower leg, and 1 patient developed a TAF after 12 months (4%). No patients with a tumor at the upper extremities (N = 16) developed a TAF. Ten out of 12 patients with a fracture received adjuvant RT with a dose of 50 Gy, and a median boost dose of 18 (10-20) Gy. Predictive factors were periosteal stripping, age over 65 years at time of treatment and tumor size after ILP ≥10 cm. Multivariate analysis showed periosteal stripping and tumor size after ILP ≥10 cm as significant predictive factors. The majority of the fractures were treated with intramedullary nailing. Only one of 12 patients without radiotherapy reached bone union (8%). The median survival after developing TAF was 18 (1-195) months. The overall risk of TAF after multimodality treatment with ILP was relatively high with 15% at ten years. The incidence of TAF for patients with tumors located at the thigh and knee after resection with periosteal stripping and radiotherapy was even >50%. The treatment of these fractures is challenging due to the high non-union rate, requiring an extensive orthopedic oncological TAF experience. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd, BASO ~ The Association for Cancer Surgery, and the European Society of Surgical Oncology. All rights reserved.

Kinematic Analysis of Line-Out Throwing in Elite International Rugby Union

PubMed Central

Sayers, Mark G.L.

2011-01-01

The rugby union line-out is a key aspect of game play and involves players from both teams contesting for the ball after it has been thrown in from the side line. Successful lines-out throws require the ball to be delivered accurately to the hands of a jumping and/or lifted team mate (approximately 3-3.5 m off the ground) over distances of between 5- 18 m. Previous research has suggested considerable inter and intra-individual differences in the throwing techniques of international level players. Accordingly, this project investigated the interrelationships between accuracy and the line-out throwing characteristics of three elite international rugby players, and then analyzed whether these changed for throws over increasing length. Three-dimensional (3D) data were developed from video footage (50 Hz) of three elite international subjects for 30 throws over three distances (6 m, 10 m, and 15 m). Results showed notable differences between subjects in many variables at each of the key throw phases. However, several variables such as the degree of trunk flexion at the end of the backswing and at ball release, coupled with elbow flexion angle at ball release remained constant as throw length increased. All subjects exhibited high levels of consistency in movement patterns across all throw lengths. Findings indicated that these high performance line-out throwers shared several common characteristics that will provide useful guides in the development of training programs. Key points A key aspect of this research was the assessment of throwing accuracy using a functional throwing task that mimicked normal performance. Although individual differences in throwing technique occurred, several technical aspects of the throw were common to each of these elite international players. Subjects tended to be extremely consistent in the way they positioned the ball at the end of the backswing, and had very consistent elbow (flexion) and shoulder (flexion and abduction) angles at both the end of the backswing and at ball release. In addition, throwers kept the trunk close to upright during the throw with minimal trunk flexion or extension regardless of throw distance. To throw for longer distances participants tended to increase the involvement of the legs. PMID:24150632

Bolshevik disease and Stalinist terror: on the historical casuistry of artificial pneumothorax.

PubMed

Polianski, Igor J

2015-01-01

From its initial development by Carlo Forlanini at the end of the nineteenth century until the advent of antibiotics in the 1940s, artificial pneumothorax was one of the most widely used treatments for pulmonary tuberculosis. However, there were strongly held reservations about this therapy because of its risks and side effects. In the Soviet Union under Stalin, such uncertainties became instruments of political denunciation. The leading Soviet pulmonary physician Volf S. Kholtsman (1886-1941) was alleged to have used the so-called 'aristocratic therapy' of artificial pneumothorax to kill prominent Bolsheviks. Drawing on documents from Stalin's personal Secretariat, this historical study of the pneumothorax scandal contributes to the cultural history of tuberculosis, showing how it was instrumentalised for political purposes.

UTSG-2; A theoretical model describing the transient behavior of a pressurized water reactor natural circulation U-tube steam generator

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hold, A.

An advanced nonlinear transient model for calculating steady-state and dynamic behaviors of characteristic parameters of a Kraftwerk Union-type vertical natural-circulation U-tube steam generator and its main steam system is presented. This model has been expanded due to the increasing need for safety-related accident research studies. It now takes into consideration the possibilities of dryout and superheating along the secondary side of the steam generator. The resulting theoretical model is the basis of the digital code UTSG-2, which can be used both by itself and in combination with other pressurized water reactor transient codes, such as ALMOD-3.4, AMOD-4, and ATHLET.

SIOP for Perestroika. Research report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Szafranski, R.

1990-04-01

The pursuit of greater stability through arms reductions is an important component of perestroika. Assuming strategic weapons reductions, the general nuclear war plan, the Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP), will change to employ fewer nuclear arms. If stability and threat reduction are authentic goals, the composition of nuclear offensive forces and the SIOP alert force will evolve accordingly. Greater reliance will likely be placed on bombers. The United States and the Soviet Union can use the opportunity provided by perestroika to agree that the only legitimate role of nuclear weapons is to deter nuclear weapons by threatening nuclear reprisal ormore » punishment. Both sides can then share a strategic catechism that would allow them to move toward small reprisal forces.« less

The relationship between labor unions and safety in US airlines: Is there a "union effect?"

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zapf, Renee Catherine

Every airline union claims to work for safety and presents anecdotes where greater airline safety has been achieved through union efforts. The effect unionization has on safety outcomes in U.S. commercial airlines, however, wasn't found to be previously tested. Studies have shown that in industries such as coal mining, retail, and construction, unionization does lead to an increase in safety. This study evaluated the safety rates of 15 major US commercial airlines to compare the difference between unionized and non-unionized airlines. These safety rates were compared based on if and how long each airline's pilots and flight attendants have been unionized, to determine if unionization had an effect on safety outcomes. The 15 airlines included in the study identified as operating most of the years between 1990 and 2013, with annual departures averaging over 130,000, available through the Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Accident and Incident information was acquired through the National Transportation Safety Board database. The number of accident and incidents divided by the total departures at each airline was used as the safety rate. Union websites provided information on unionization at the airlines. Due to the complex nature of the aviation industry, a number of confounding factors could have affected the tests, including mergers, route structures, and legislation. To help control for these confounding factors, this study was limited to airlines with a stable presence in the industry over time, which limited the number of airlines included. No significant difference was found between unionized and non-unionized airlines in this study, though the mean safety rate of unionized airlines was found be better than non-unionized airlines. This study did not take into account safety improvements that were union-backed and eventually required at all airlines, regardless of unionization. Due to the large sample size of the small population the difference in safety rate means could be indicative of greater safety in unionized airlines.

Position Affects Performance in Multiple-Object Tracking in Rugby Union Players

PubMed Central

Martín, Andrés; Sfer, Ana M.; D'Urso Villar, Marcela A.; Barraza, José F.

2017-01-01

We report an experiment that examines the performance of rugby union players and a control group composed of graduate student with no sport experience, in a multiple-object tracking task. It compares the ability of 86 high level rugby union players grouped as Backs and Forwards and the control group, to track a subset of randomly moving targets amongst the same number of distractors. Several difficulties were included in the experimental design in order to evaluate possible interactions between the relevant variables. Results show that the performance of the Backs is better than that of the other groups, but the occurrence of interactions precludes an isolated groups analysis. We interpret the results within the framework of visual attention and discuss both, the implications of our results and the practical consequences. PMID:28951725

12 CFR 704.11 - Corporate Credit Union Service Organizations (Corporate CUSOs).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Corporate Credit Union Service Organizations (Corporate CUSOs). 704.11 Section 704.11 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS CORPORATE CREDIT UNIONS § 704.11 Corporate Credit Union Service Organizations...

12 CFR 704.11 - Corporate Credit Union Service Organizations (Corporate CUSOs).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Corporate Credit Union Service Organizations (Corporate CUSOs). 704.11 Section 704.11 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS CORPORATE CREDIT UNIONS § 704.11 Corporate Credit Union Service Organizations...

12 CFR 704.11 - Corporate Credit Union Service Organizations (Corporate CUSOs).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Corporate Credit Union Service Organizations (Corporate CUSOs). 704.11 Section 704.11 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS CORPORATE CREDIT UNIONS § 704.11 Corporate Credit Union Service Organizations...

Method comparison and validation of a prototype device for measurement of ionized calcium concentrations cow-side against a point-of-care instrument and a benchtop blood-gas analyzer reference method.

PubMed

Neves, R C; Stokol, T; Bach, K D; McArt, J A A

2018-02-01

The objective of this study was to assess an optimized ion-selective electrode Ca-module prototype as a potential cow-side device for ionized Ca (iCa) measurements in bovine blood. A linearity experiment showed no deviation from linearity over a range of iCa concentrations compared with a commercial point-of-care (POC) device commonly used in the field (POC VS ; VetScan i-STAT, Abaxis North America, Union City, CA) and a laboratory gold standard benchtop blood-gas analyzer [reference analyzer (RA); ABL-800 FLEX, Radiometer Medical, Copenhagen, Denmark]. Coefficient of variation on 3 samples with high, within-range, and low iCa concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 3.9% for the prototype. A follow-up validation experiment was performed, in which our objectives were to (1) assess the performance of the prototype cow-side against the POC VS (farm gold-standard) using fresh non-anticoagulated whole-blood samples; (2) assess the performance of the prototype and the POC VS against the RA in a diagnostic laboratory using blood collected in a heparin-balanced syringe; and (3) assess the agreement of the prototype and POC VS on-farm (fresh non-anticoagulated whole blood) against the RA on heparin-balanced blood. Finally, sensitivity and specificity of the results obtained by the prototype and the POC VS cow-side compared with the results obtained by the laboratory RA using 3 different iCa cut points for classification of subclinical hypocalcemia were calculated. A total of 101 periparturient Holstein cows from 3 dairy farms in New York State were used for the second experiment. Ionized Ca results from the prototype cow-side were, on average, 0.06 mmol/L higher than the POC VS . With heparin-balanced samples under laboratory conditions, the prototype and POC VS measured an average 0.04 mmol/L higher and lower, respectively, compared with the RA. Results from the prototype and POC VS cow-side were 0.01 mmol/L higher and 0.05 mmol/L lower, respectively, compared with results from the laboratory RA on heparinized blood. Sensitivity and specificity for the prototype and the POC VS under farm conditions at 3 potential subclinical hypocalcemia cut points were 100 and ≥93.5%, respectively. This novel ion-selective electrode Ca-module could become a rapid low-cost tool for assessing iCa cow-side, while qualitatively allowing classification of subclinical hypocalcemia on-farm. The Authors. Published by the Federation of Animal Science Societies and Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Dairy Science Association®. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).

First molecular detection of Rickettsia africae in ticks from the Union of the Comoros.

PubMed

Yssouf, Amina; Socolovschi, Cristina; Kernif, Tahar; Temmam, Sarah; Lagadec, Erwan; Tortosa, Pablo; Parola, Philippe

2014-09-22

Rickettsia africae is the agent of African tick bite fever, a disease transmitted by ticks in sub-Saharan Africa. In Union of the Comoros, a recent study reported the presence of a Rickettsia africae vector but no information has been provided on the circulation of the pathogenic agent in this country. To evaluate the possible circulation of Rickettsia spp. in Comorian cattle, genomic DNA was extracted from 512 ticks collected either in the Union of the Comoros or from animals imported from Tanzania and subsequently tested for Rickettsia infection by quantitative PCR. Rickettsia africae was detected in 90% (60/67) of Amblyomma variegatum, 1% (1/92) of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and 2.7% (8/296) of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks collected in the Union of the Comoros, as well as in 77.14% (27/35) of Amblyomma variegatum ticks collected from imported cattle. Partial sequences of both bacterial gltA and ompA genes were used in a phylogenetic analysis revealing the presence of several haplotypes, all included within the Rickettsia africae clade. Our study reports the first evidence of Rickettsia africae in ticks collected from the Union of the Comoros. The data show a significant difference of infection rate of Rickettsia africae infected ticks between the Islands, with maximum rates measured in Grande Comore Island, sheltering the main entry port for live animal importation from Tanzania. The high infection levels reported herein indicate the need for an in-depth assessment of the burden of rickettsioses in the Union of the Comoros, especially among those at risk of infection, such as cattle herders.

12 CFR 701.19 - Benefits for employees of Federal credit unions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Benefits for employees of Federal credit unions... CREDIT UNIONS ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF FEDERAL CREDIT UNIONS § 701.19 Benefits for employees of Federal credit unions. (a) General authority. A federal credit union may provide employee benefits...

12 CFR 704.3 - Corporate credit union capital.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Corporate credit union capital. 704.3 Section... CORPORATE CREDIT UNIONS § 704.3 Corporate credit union capital. (a) Capital plan. A corporate credit union... activities, and the periodic review and reassessment of the capital position of the corporate credit union...

PLANNING AND OPERATING COLLEGE UNION BUILDINGS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

BUTTS, PORTER

THIS MONOGRAPH IS A DISCUSSION OF FOUR ASPECTS OF STUDENT UNIONS. PART ONE DISCUSSES THE NATURE AND PURPOSE OF A UNION AND THE UNION AS A CAMPUS CENTER. PART TWO DEALS WITH THE PLANNING OF UNION BUILDINGS AND GIVES PROCEDURES, PRINCIPLES AND CAUTIONS. UNION FACILITIES AND SERVICES ARE LISTED. PART THREE DISCUSSES THE ORGANIZATION AND ACTIVITIES OF…

Peninsula Academies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Raby, Marilyn E.

1984-01-01

Describes the Peninsula Academies program developed by the Sequoia (California) Union High School District and 27 local high technology companies to help educationally disadvantaged students break the pattern of low academic achievement, lack of skills, and chronic unemployment. (FL)

A model for the termination of the Ryukyu subduction zone against Taiwan: A junction of collision, subduction/separation, and subduction boundaries

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wu, F.T.; Liang, W.-T.; Lee, J.-C.; Benz, H.; Villasenor, A.

2009-01-01

The NW moving Philippine Sea plate (PSP) collides with the Eurasian plate (EUP) in the vicinity of Taiwan, and at the same time, it subducts toward the north along SW Ryukyu. The Ryukyu subduction zone terminates against eastern Taiwan. While the Ryukyu Trench is a linear bathym??trie low about 100 km east of Taiwan, closer to Taiwan, it cannot be clearly identified bathymetrically owing to the deformation related to the collision, making the location of the intersection of the Ryukyu with Taiwan difficult to decipher. We propose a model for this complex of boundaries on the basis of seismicity and 3-D velocity structures. In this model the intersection is placed at the latitude of about 23.7??N, placing the northern part of the Coastal Range on EUP. As PSP gets deeper along the subduction zone it collides with EUP on the Taiwan side only where they are in direct contact. Thus, the Eurasian plate on the Taiwan side is being pushed and compressed by the NW moving Philippine Sea plate, at increasing depth toward the north. Offshore of northeastern Taiwan the wedge-shaped EUP on top of the Ryukyu subducting plate is connected to the EUP on the Ryukyu side and coupled to the NW moving PSP by friction at the plate interface. The two sides of the EUP above the western end of the subduction zone are not subjected to the same forces, and a difference in motions can be expected. The deformation of Taiwan as revealed by continuous GPS measurements, geodetic movement along the east coast of Taiwan, and the formation of the Hoping Basin can be understood in terms of the proposed model. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.

Search Codes for a Bibliography for the Study of African International Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-01-01

Soja (1970). A high speed ln-house reference system was needed to facilitate storage, search, and retrieval of bibliographic reference materlal...REfUBLIC 0F (N0R™ KUW KUWAIT LAB LABOR UNIONS, INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS l- LA LAND LOCKED NATIONS LAO LAOS LAT LATIN AliERICA LAW I AW, INTERNATIONAL...IOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF (NORTH) KÜS KOREA (SOUTH) KUW KUWA I T LAb LABOR UNIONS, INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS LAU LA )S I.AT LATIN AiiEUICA LAN

Tension band suture fixation for olecranon fractures.

PubMed

Phadnis, Joideep; Watts, Adam C

2017-10-01

Olecranon fractures are common and often require surgical treatment when displaced. Traditional methods of stabilization using tension band wire fixation and plate fixation achieve adequate union and function but are associated with a high rate of re-operation and wound problems because of prominent metalwork. The purpose of the present article is to describe an all suture technique for fixation of simple olecranon fractures that maintains inter-fragmentary compression, provides bony union and reduces the rate of re-operation caused by prominent metalwork.

Barriers to Modern Contraceptive Use in Kinshasa, DRC.

PubMed

Muanda, Mbadu; Gahungu Ndongo, Parfait; Taub, Leah D; Bertrand, Jane T

2016-01-01

Recent research from Kinshasa, DRC, has shown that only one in five married women uses modern contraception; over one quarter have an unmet need for family planning; and almost 400 health facilities across Kinshasa report that they provide modern contraception. This study addresses the question: with reasonable physical access and relatively high unmet need, why is modern contraceptive prevalence so low? To this end, the research team conducted 6 focus groups of women (non-users of any method, users of traditional methods, and users of modern methods) and 4 of husbands (of users of traditional methods and in non-user unions) in health zones with relatively strong physical access to FP services. Five key barriers emerged from the focus group discussions: fear of side effects (especially sterility), costs of the method, sociocultural norms (especially the dominant position of the male in family decision-making), pressure from family members to avoid modern contraception, and lack of information/misinformation. These findings are very similar to those from 12 other studies of sociocultural barriers to family planning in sub-Saharan Africa. Moreover, they have strong programmatic implications for the training of FP workers to counsel future clients and for the content of behavior change communication interventions.

12 CFR 702.302 - Net worth categories for new credit unions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Net worth categories for new credit unions. 702.302 Section 702.302 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS PROMPT CORRECTIVE ACTION Alternative Prompt Corrective Action for New Credit Unions § 702.302 Net worth categories for new credit unions....

Does anonymous sperm donation increase the risk for unions between relatives and the incidence of autosomal recessive diseases due to consanguinity?

PubMed

Serre, Jean-Louis; Leutenegger, Anne-Louise; Bernheim, Alain; Fellous, Marc; Rouen, Alexandre; Siffroi, Jean-Pierre

2014-03-01

In France gamete donation and notably sperm donation are anonymous. It has been claimed that anonymous artificial insemination by donor (AID) could highly contribute to an increase in the level of consanguinity and the incidence of autosomal recessive diseases, due to the unions between offspring of anonymous donors, unaware of their biological kinship, with the special case of unions between half-siblings. The actual incidence of consanguinity due to AID was compared with that resulting from the two other main sources of consanguinity and recessive diseases, i.e. voluntary unions between related individuals or inadvertent unions between the offspring of a common unknown male ancestor (false paternity). From these data, we estimated that expected unions in France between half sibs per year are 0.12 between offspring of sperm donors (1.2 every 10 years) and 0.5 between offspring of common male ancestors through false paternity (5 every 10 years). More generally, the inadvertent unions between false paternity offspring are roughly four times more frequent than those resulting from anonymous AID. We estimated that in the future, when AID has been in practice for several generations, out the 820 000 annual births in France, respectively, 6 and 25 births will be consanguineous through an unknown common ancestor related to anonymous AID and to a false paternity, both of which are negligible when compared with the 1256 children born from first-degree cousins. About 672 children per year are born with a recessive genetic disease due to the panmictic risk and additional affected cases due to consanguinity would be 34.54 for first-cousin offspring, 0.33 for offspring of individuals related due to false paternity and 0.079 for offspring of individuals related due to anonymous AID. Anonymous AID would therefore be responsible for 0.46% of consanguineous births and for 0.01% of recessive diseases. Therefore, the effect of anonymous AID on half-sibling unions, consanguinity and recessive disease incidence can be regarded as marginal.

Spatial distribution of arable and abandoned land across former Soviet Union countries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lesiv, Myroslava; Schepaschenko, Dmitry; Moltchanova, Elena; Bun, Rostyslav; Dürauer, Martina; Prishchepov, Alexander V.; Schierhorn, Florian; Estel, Stephan; Kuemmerle, Tobias; Alcántara, Camilo; Kussul, Natalia; Shchepashchenko, Maria; Kutovaya, Olga; Martynenko, Olga; Karminov, Viktor; Shvidenko, Anatoly; Havlik, Petr; Kraxner, Florian; See, Linda; Fritz, Steffen

2018-04-01

Knowledge of the spatial distribution of agricultural abandonment following the collapse of the Soviet Union is highly uncertain. To help improve this situation, we have developed a new map of arable and abandoned land for 2010 at a 10 arc-second resolution. We have fused together existing land cover and land use maps at different temporal and spatial scales for the former Soviet Union (fSU) using a training data set collected from visual interpretation of very high resolution (VHR) imagery. We have also collected an independent validation data set to assess the map accuracy. The overall accuracies of the map by region and country, i.e. Caucasus, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation and Ukraine, are 90±2%, 84±2%, 92±1%, 78±3%, 95±1%, 83±2%, respectively. This new product can be used for numerous applications including the modelling of biogeochemical cycles, land-use modelling, the assessment of trade-offs between ecosystem services and land-use potentials (e.g., agricultural production), among others.

Spatial distribution of arable and abandoned land across former Soviet Union countries.

PubMed

Lesiv, Myroslava; Schepaschenko, Dmitry; Moltchanova, Elena; Bun, Rostyslav; Dürauer, Martina; Prishchepov, Alexander V; Schierhorn, Florian; Estel, Stephan; Kuemmerle, Tobias; Alcántara, Camilo; Kussul, Natalia; Shchepashchenko, Maria; Kutovaya, Olga; Martynenko, Olga; Karminov, Viktor; Shvidenko, Anatoly; Havlik, Petr; Kraxner, Florian; See, Linda; Fritz, Steffen

2018-04-03

Knowledge of the spatial distribution of agricultural abandonment following the collapse of the Soviet Union is highly uncertain. To help improve this situation, we have developed a new map of arable and abandoned land for 2010 at a 10 arc-second resolution. We have fused together existing land cover and land use maps at different temporal and spatial scales for the former Soviet Union (fSU) using a training data set collected from visual interpretation of very high resolution (VHR) imagery. We have also collected an independent validation data set to assess the map accuracy. The overall accuracies of the map by region and country, i.e. Caucasus, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation and Ukraine, are 90±2%, 84±2%, 92±1%, 78±3%, 95±1%, 83±2%, respectively. This new product can be used for numerous applications including the modelling of biogeochemical cycles, land-use modelling, the assessment of trade-offs between ecosystem services and land-use potentials (e.g., agricultural production), among others.

Spatial distribution of arable and abandoned land across former Soviet Union countries

PubMed Central

Lesiv, Myroslava; Schepaschenko, Dmitry; Moltchanova, Elena; Bun, Rostyslav; Dürauer, Martina; Prishchepov, Alexander V.; Schierhorn, Florian; Estel, Stephan; Kuemmerle, Tobias; Alcántara, Camilo; Kussul, Natalia; Shchepashchenko, Maria; Kutovaya, Olga; Martynenko, Olga; Karminov, Viktor; Shvidenko, Anatoly; Havlik, Petr; Kraxner, Florian; See, Linda; Fritz, Steffen

2018-01-01

Knowledge of the spatial distribution of agricultural abandonment following the collapse of the Soviet Union is highly uncertain. To help improve this situation, we have developed a new map of arable and abandoned land for 2010 at a 10 arc-second resolution. We have fused together existing land cover and land use maps at different temporal and spatial scales for the former Soviet Union (fSU) using a training data set collected from visual interpretation of very high resolution (VHR) imagery. We have also collected an independent validation data set to assess the map accuracy. The overall accuracies of the map by region and country, i.e. Caucasus, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation and Ukraine, are 90±2%, 84±2%, 92±1%, 78±3%, 95±1%, 83±2%, respectively. This new product can be used for numerous applications including the modelling of biogeochemical cycles, land-use modelling, the assessment of trade-offs between ecosystem services and land-use potentials (e.g., agricultural production), among others. PMID:29611843

Triple management of cubitus valgus deformity complicating neglected nonunion of fractures of lateral humeral condyle in children: a case series.

PubMed

Abed, Yasser; Nour, Khaled; Kandil, Yasser Roshdy; El-Negery, Abed

2018-02-01

Long standing nonunion of the lateral humeral condyle (LHC) usually results in elbow pain and instability with progressive cubitus valgus and tardy ulnar neuritis. Surgical treatment of long standing nonunion is still a controversial issue due to the reported complications, such as stiffness, loss of elbow motion, and avascular necrosis of the LHC fragment. In this study, we reported the outcomes of treatment of cubitus valgus deformity in long standing nonunion of the LHC in children treated with combined triple management (fixation of the nonunion site, dome corrective osteotomy, and anterior transposition of ulnar nerve) through a modified para-triceptal approach. We evaluated ten patients with cubitus valgus deformity more than 20 degrees after neglected nonunion of the lateral humeral condyle more than 24 months. Only childern with post-operative follow up more than 24 months were included in this study. All patients were evaluated clinically, radio logically, and by pre- and post-operative functional evaluation using Mayo elbow performance score. For evaluation of ulnar nerve affection, the Akahori's system was used. There were six females and four males with the average age of 7.7 years at operation. The left elbow was affected in six patients and the right elbow was affected in four patients. The average time between fracture of the LHC and operation was 40.3 months with average post-operative follow up of 44.3 months. The average carrying angle of the healthy side was 5.5 degrees and pre-operative carrying angle of the affected side was 33.5 degrees. The average post-operative carrying angle of the affected side was 6.1 degrees. The improvement of the carrying angle at the last follow up was found statistically significant (p < 0.05). All six patients that had pre-operative various degrees of ulnar nerve affection had completely improved at last follow up. The osteotomy site united in an average time of 43 days, whereas the LHC nonunion site united in an average time of 77.2 days. The osteotomy site united in significantly less time than the LHC non-union site (p < 0.05). The correlation between time since injury and time of union of LHC non-union site was significant (p < 0.05). Post-operative elbow range of motion was not changed in five patients, slightly decreased in four patients, and increased in one patient. Three patients had an average 6.7 degrees (range; 5-10) loss of the last degrees of flexion. One patient developed extension lag of 10 degrees. The mean elbow range of motion (ROM) pre-operatively was 139 ± 4.6 degrees while the mean post-operative ROM was 138 ± 5.3 degrees. The difference was found to be statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). The mean pre-operative Mayo elbow performance score was poor 55 ± 9.7, four patients had fair score, and six had poor score. The mean post-operative Mayo elbow performance score was excellent 92.5 ± 10, six patients had excellent score, and four had good score. The improvement of the Mayo score at the last follow up was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). No intra-operative complications were recorded during any of the procedures and no patient developed a wound or pin track infection post-operatively. At the last follow up, none of the patients had developed avascular necrosis of the LHC. Preservation of the blood supply of the nonunited fragment is the key to successful management. This combined technique successfully addresses different aspects of the problem simultaneously and provides a durable solution without deterioration of the results over time. The para-triceptal approach provided excellent exposure of both sides of the elbow with minimal disruption of the triceps muscle.

Nutrition transition and dietary energy availability in Eastern Europe after the collapse of communism.

PubMed

Ulijaszek, Stanley J; Koziel, Slawomir

2007-12-01

After the economic transition of the late 1980s and early 1990s there was a rapid increase in overweight and obesity in many countries of Eastern Europe. This article describes changing availability of dietary energy from major dietary components since the transition to free-market economic systems among Eastern European nations, using food balance data obtained at national level for the years 1990-92 and 2005 from the FAOSTAT-Nutrition database. Dietary energy available to the East European nations satellite to the former Soviet Union (henceforth, Eastern Europe) was greater than in the nations of the former Soviet Union. Among the latter, the Western nations of the former Soviet Union had greater dietary energy availability than the Eastern and Southern nations of the former Soviet Union. The higher energy availability in Eastern Europe relative to the nations of the former Soviet Union consists mostly of high-protein foods. There has been no significant change in overall dietary energy availability to any category of East European nation between 1990-1992 and 2005, indicating that, at the macro-level, increasing rates of obesity in Eastern European countries cannot be attributed to increased dietary energy availability. The most plausible macro-level explanations for the obesity patterns observed in East European nations are declines in physical activity, increased real income, and increased consumption of goods that contribute to physical activity decline: cars, televisions and computers.

Examining the cosmic acceleration with the latest Union2 supernova data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Zhengxiang; Wu, Puxun; Yu, Hongwei

2011-01-01

In this Letter, by reconstructing the Om diagnostic and the deceleration parameter q from the latest Union2 Type Ia Supernova sample with and without the systematic error along with the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) and the cosmic microwave background (CMB), we study the cosmic expanding history, using the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder (CPL) parametrization. We obtain that Union2+BAO favor an expansion with a decreasing of the acceleration at z<0.3. However, once the CMB data is added in the analysis, the cosmic acceleration is found to be still increasing, indicating a tension between low redshift data and high redshift. In order to reduce this tension significantly, two different methods are considered and thus two different subsamples of Union2 are selected. We then find that two different subsamples+BAO+CMB give completely different results on the cosmic expanding history when the systematic error is ignored, with one suggesting a decreasing cosmic acceleration, the other just the opposite, although both of them alone with BAO support that the cosmic acceleration is slowing down. However, once the systematic error is considered, two different subsamples of Union2 along with BAO and CMB all favor an increasing of the present cosmic acceleration. Therefore a clear-cut answer on whether the cosmic acceleration is slowing down calls for more consistent data and more reliable methods to analyze them.

In vitro simulation of pathological bone conditions to predict clinical outcome of bone tissue engineered materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nguyen, Duong Thuy Thi

According to the Centers for Disease Control, the geriatric population of ≥65 years of age will increase to 51.5 million in 2020; 40% of white women and 13% of white men will be at risk for fragility fractures or fractures sustained under normal stress and loading conditions due to bone disease, leading to hospitalization and surgical treatment. Fracture management strategies can be divided into pharmaceutical therapy, surgical intervention, and tissue regeneration for fracture prevention, fracture stabilization, and fracture site regeneration, respectively. However, these strategies fail to accommodate the pathological nature of fragility fractures, leading to unwanted side effects, implant failures, and non-unions. Compromised innate bone healing reactions of patients with bone diseases are exacerbated with protective bone therapy. Once these patients sustain a fracture, bone healing is a challenge, especially when fracture stabilization is unsuccessful. Traditional stabilizing screw and plate systems were designed with emphasis on bone mechanics rather than biology. Bone grafts are often used with fixation devices to provide skeletal continuity at the fracture gap. Current bone grafts include autologous bone tissue and donor bone tissue; however, the quality and quantity demanded by fragility fractures sustained by high-risk geriatric patients and patients with bone diseases are not met. Consequently, bone tissue engineering strategies are advancing towards functionalized bone substitutes to provide fracture reconstruction while effectively mediating bone healing in normal and diseased fracture environments. In order to target fragility fractures, fracture management strategies should be tailored to allow bone regeneration and fracture stabilization with bioactive bone substitutes designed for the pathological environment. The clinical outcome of these materials must be predictable within various disease environments. Initial development of a targeted treatment strategy should focus on simulating, in vitro, a physiological bone environment to predict clinical effectiveness of engineered bone and understand cellular responses due to the proposed agents and bioactive scaffolds. An in vitro test system can be the necessary catalyst to reduce implant failures and non-unions in fragility fractures.

High-temperature brushless DC motor controller

DOEpatents

Cieslewski, Crzegorz; Lindblom, Scott C.; Maldonado, Frank J.; Eckert, Michael Nathan

2017-05-16

A motor control system for deployment in high temperature environments includes a controller; a first half-bridge circuit that includes a first high-side switching element and a first low-side switching element; a second half-bridge circuit that includes a second high-side switching element and a second low-side switching element; and a third half-bridge circuit that includes a third high-side switching element and a third; low-side switching element. The motor controller is arranged to apply a pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme to switch the first half-bridge circuit, second half-bridge circuit, and third half-bridge circuit to power a motor.

Clavicle hook plate fixation for distal-third clavicle fracture (Neer type II): comparison of clinical and radiologic outcomes between Neer types IIA and IIB.

PubMed

Lee, Wonyong; Choi, Chong-Hyuk; Choi, Yun-Rak; Lim, Kyung-Han; Chun, Yong-Min

2017-07-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical and radiologic outcomes of clavicle hook plate fixation for distal-third clavicle fracture (Neer type II) and to compare the clinical and radiologic outcomes and complications between Neer type IIA and type IIB. We retrospectively reviewed 35 patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation with AO hook locking compression plate (LCP) for distal clavicle fracture, including 13 patients with Neer type IIA and 22 patients with type IIB. Visual analog scale pain score, shoulder scores (subjective shoulder value, University of California-Los Angeles shoulder score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score), and active range of motion were evaluated to determine clinical outcome. Coracoclavicular distance was measured, and that of the injured side at last follow-up was compared with that of the uninjured side to evaluate radiologic outcomes. AO hook LCP fixation for distal-third clavicle fracture (Neer type II) produced satisfactory radiologic outcomes, including high union rates (100%) and coracoclavicular distance maintenance, as well as satisfactory clinical outcomes, including visual analog scale score for pain, shoulder scores (subjective shoulder value, University of California-Los Angeles shoulder score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score), and active range of motion. There were no significant differences between Neer type IIA and type IIB. With regard to complications, 22.9% of patients experienced shoulder stiffness and 17.1% had subacromial erosion; however, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups. The AO hook LCP is a suitable choice for Neer type IIA and type IIB distal-third clavicle fracture fixation. Copyright © 2016 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Garcinol downregulates Notch1 signaling via modulating miR-200c and suppresses oncogenic properties of PANC-1 cancer stem-like cells.

PubMed

Huang, Chi-Cheng; Lin, Chien-Min; Huang, Yan-Jiun; Wei, Li; Ting, Lei-Li; Kuo, Chia-Chun; Hsu, Cheyu; Chiou, Jeng-Fong; Wu, Alexander T H; Lee, Wei-Hwa

2017-03-01

Pancreatic cancer represents one of the most aggressive types of malignancy due to its high resistance toward most clinically available treatments. The presence of pancreatic cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) has been attributed to the intrinsically high resistance and highly metastatic potential of this disease. Here, we identified and isolated pancreatic CSCs using the side population (SP) method from human pancreatic cancer cell line, PANC-1. We then compared the SP and non-SP PANC-1 cells genetically. PANC-1 SP cells exhibited CSC properties including enhanced self-renewal ability, increased metastatic potential, and resistance toward gemcitabine treatment. These cancer stem-like phenotypes were supported by their enhanced expression of ABCG2, Oct4, and CD44. A traditional plant-derived antioxidant, garcinol, has been implicated for its anticancer properties. Here, we found that garcinol treatment to PANC-1 SP cells significantly suppressed the stem-like properties of PANC-1 SP cells and metastatic potential by downregulating the expression of Mcl-1, EZH2, ABCG2, Gli-1, and Notch1. More importantly, garcinol treatment led to the upregulation of several tumor suppressor microRNAs, and miR-200c increased by garcinol treatment was found to target and downregulate Notch1. Thus, PANC-1 SP cells may serve as a model for studying drug-resistant pancreatic CSCs, and garcinol has the potential as an antagonist against pancreatic CSCs. © 2015 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Running and Metabolic Demands of Elite Rugby Union Assessed Using Traditional, Metabolic Power, and Heart Rate Monitoring Methods

PubMed Central

Dubois, Romain; Paillard, Thierry; Lyons, Mark; McGrath, David; Maurelli, Olivier; Prioux, Jacques

2017-01-01

The aims of this study were (1) to analyze elite rugby union game demands using 3 different approaches: traditional, metabolic and heart rate-based methods (2) to explore the relationship between these methods and (3) to explore positional differences between the backs and forwards players. Time motion analysis and game demands of fourteen professional players (24.1 ± 3.4 y), over 5 European challenge cup games, were analyzed. Thresholds of 14.4 km·h-1, 20 W.kg-1 and 85% of maximal heart rate (HRmax) were set for high-intensity efforts across the three methods. The mean % of HRmax was 80.6 ± 4.3 % while 42.2 ± 16.5% of game time was spent above 85% of HRmax with no significant differences between the forwards and the backs. Our findings also show that the backs cover greater distances at high-speed than forwards (% difference: +35.2 ± 6.6%; p<0.01) while the forwards cover more distance than the backs (+26.8 ± 5.7%; p<0.05) in moderate-speed zone (10-14.4 km·h-1). However, no significant difference in high-metabolic power distance was found between the backs and forwards. Indeed, the high-metabolic power distances were greater than high-speed running distances of 24.8 ± 17.1% for the backs, and 53.4 ± 16.0% for the forwards with a significant difference (+29.6 ± 6.0% for the forwards; p<0.001) between the two groups. Nevertheless, nearly perfect correlations were found between the total distance assessed using the traditional approach and the metabolic power approach (r = 0.98). Furthermore, there is a strong association (r = 0.93) between the high-speed running distance (assessed using the traditional approach) and the high-metabolic power distance. The HR monitoring methods demonstrate clearly the high physiological demands of professional rugby games. The traditional and the metabolic-power approaches shows a close correlation concerning their relative values, nevertheless the difference in absolute values especially for the high-intensity thresholds demonstrates that the metabolic power approach may represent an interesting alternative to the traditional approaches used in evaluating the high-intensity running efforts required in rugby union games. Key points Elite/professional rugby union players Heart rate monitoring during official games Metabolic power approach PMID:28344455

Moving East: how the transnational tobacco industry gained entry to the emerging markets of the former Soviet Union-part I: establishing cigarette imports.

PubMed

Gilmore, A B; McKee, M

2004-06-01

To identify British American Tobacco's (BAT) reasons for targeting the former Soviet Union following its collapse in 1991 and the initial strategies BAT used to enter the region. Analysis of tobacco industry documents held at the Guildford BAT archive. Desire to expand to new markets was based in part on the decline in old markets. The large population, proximity to China, scope to expand sales to women and, in Central Asia, a young population with high growth rates made the former Soviet Union particularly attractive. High consumption rates and unfilled demand caused by previous shortages offered potential for rapid returns on investment. A series of steps were taken to penetrate the markets with the initial focus on establishing imports. The documents suggest that BAT encouraged the use of aid money and barter trade to fund imports and directed the smuggling of cigarettes which graduated from an opportunistic strategy to a highly organised operation. In establishing a market presence, promotion of BAT's brands and corporate image were paramount, and used synonymously to promote both the cigarettes and the company. The tobacco industry targeted young people and women. It used the allure of western products to promote its brands and brand stretching and corporate imagery to pre-empt future marketing restrictions. BAT used the chaotic conditions in the immediate post-transition period in the former Soviet Union to exploit legislative loopholes and ensure illegal cigarette imports. Governments of countries targeted by the tobacco industry need to be aware of industry tactics and develop adequate tobacco control policies in order to prevent the exploitation of vulnerable populations. Marketing restrictions that focus on advertising without restricting the use of brand or company promotions will have a limited impact.

12 CFR 704.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS CORPORATE CREDIT UNIONS § 704.2 Definitions. Adjusted trading means any method or transaction whereby a corporate credit union... means the sum of a corporate credit union's retained earnings, paid-in capital, and membership capital...

Trade Union Mergers: A Survey of the Literature.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Michelson, Grant

2000-01-01

Examines trade union mergers highlighting merger forms, merger motivation, role played by union officers, and merger waves. Discusses the consequences of mergers on members and union performance and concludes that union merger activity has had little impact. (Contains 74 references.) (JOW)

Hydrology of the uppermost Cretaceous and the lowermost Paleocene rocks in the Hilight oil field, Campbell County, Wyoming

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lowry, Marlin E.

1973-01-01

The lithologic equivalents of the Fox Hills Sandstone, Lance Formation, and the Tullock member of the Fort Union Formation, as mapped on the east side of the Powder River Basin, can be recognized throughout the basin; however, the formations are in hydraulic connection and cannot be treated as separate aquifers. Recharge to the Lance-Fox Hills aquifer in the Hilight oil field is largely by vertical movement; there is no recharge from the Lance and Fox Hills outcrops on the east side of the basin to the formations in the Hilight area. At the and of the central Hilight water-flood project, the maximum possible drawdown resulting from the pumping of any one well at a distance of l0 miles from the pumped well, would be about 15 feet, if the projected pumping were evenly distributed among the project wells. Within a few years after pumping has ceased, water in the project wells will approach the levels present before pumping began. The only irreversible effect of pumping will be the compaction of shale, with attendant subsidence, because the water derived from the shale probably will not be replaced.

Reliable steam generators: how KWU solved beginning problems for its customers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Eggers, B.; Engl, G.; Froehlich, K.

This paper describes improvements in inspection and maintenance techniques, the adaptation of a secondary-side concept, and the optimization of water chemistry to achieve the highest possible operational reliability of steam generator performance. In the late 1970s and the early 1980s steam generators of several pressurized water reactors delivered by Kraftwerk Union (KWU) experienced corrosion-induced tube-wall degradation. As a result of these findings and the similar experience in US plants, KWU initiated a systematic program to retain the operational history of the plants at their historically outstanding level. By a combination of improvement in the balance of plant, reduction of themore » phosphate conditioning, and even a change to an all-volatile treatment as well as by the performance of tubesheet lancing, the tube degradation in KWU steam generators is nearly halted and no other known corrosion mechanisms exist that could impair the life expectancy of the steam generators. Nevertheless, repair and cleaning techniques have been developed and are available for application, if necessary, such as tube plugging, tube sleeving, or even partial tube replacement as well as chemical cleaning of the steam generator's secondary side.« less

Model-based inspection of multipackage food products using a twin-beam x-ray system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Palmer, Stephen C.; Batchelor, Bruce G.

1998-10-01

A twin-orthogonal-fanbeam x-ray system has been built as part of a six-partner project funded by the Commission of the European Union. The images created by this system represent plan and side views of the object to be inspected. Using such a system, it is possible to locate a point-like feature that creates a significant shadow in both beams, in a 3D space. However, the real value of such a system lies in the fact that it is often possible to see a foreign body, such as a small piece of loose glass, within a jar using one beam, when the same contaminant is invisible to the other beam. Such a situation typically arises when the foreign body is obscured by the x-ray shadow of the neck-shoulder region of a jar. The x-ray system built by our colleagues in this consortium is being used to examine, simultaneously, six jars of semi-fluid savory sauce, held together by shrink-wrapping on a cardboard tray. The inspection algorithm consists of fitting multi-part models of the image intensity function to both the plan and side-view images. Once a model has been fitted, it is possible to use image comparison, in order to highlight any foreign bodies. The pre-processed plan and side-view images are analyzed and correlated together, so that in many cases, a foreign body whose view is obscured in one image can be detected in the other.

History and Status of the CIS Customs Union

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lawson, T.M.; Erickson, S.A.

1999-08-31

This report explores the history of the CIS Customs Union and the major obstacles the Union faces in its implementation. Investigation of the Customs Union is necessary as its implementation could effect the Second Line of Defense (SLD) Program. Russian Customs contends that radiation detectors should not be installed along the Customs Union members borders of as the borders will be dissolved when the Union is implemented.

Promoting and Protecting Public Health: How the European Union Pharmacovigilance System Works.

PubMed

Santoro, Aniello; Genov, Georgy; Spooner, Almath; Raine, June; Arlett, Peter

2017-10-01

This article provides an overview of the European Union pharmacovigilance system resulting from the rationalisation and strengthening delivered through the implementation of the revised pharmacovigilance legislation. It outlines the system aims, underlying principles, components and drivers for future change. At its core, the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee is responsible for assessing all aspects of the risk management of medicinal products, thus ensuring that medicines approved for the European Union market are optimally used by maximising their benefits and minimising risks. The main objectives of the system are to promote and protect public health by supporting the availability of medicines including those that fulfil previously unmet medical needs, and reducing the burden of adverse drug reactions. These are achieved through a proactive, risk proportionate and patient-centred approach, with high levels of transparency and engagement of civil society. In the European Union, pharmacovigilance is now fully integrated into the life cycle of medicinal products, with the planning of pharmacovigilance activities commencing before a medicine is placed on the market, and companies encouraged to start planning very early in development for high-innovation products. After authorisation, information on the safety of medicines continues to be obtained through a variety of sources, including spontaneous reports of adverse drug reactions or monitoring real-world data. Finally, the measurement of the impact of pharmacovigilance activities, auditing and inspections, as well as capacity building ensure that the system undergoes continuous improvement and can always rely on the best methodologies to safeguard public health.

Graft union formation in artichoke grafting onto wild and cultivated cardoon: an anatomical study.

PubMed

Trinchera, Alessandra; Pandozy, Gianmarco; Rinaldi, Simona; Crinò, Paola; Temperini, Olindo; Rea, Elvira

2013-12-15

In order to develop a non-chemical method such as grafting effective against well-known artichoke soil borne diseases, an anatomical study of union formation in artichoke grafted onto selected wild and cultivated cardoon rootstocks, both resistant to Verticillium wilt, was performed. The cardoon accessions Belgio (cultivated cardoon) and Sardo (wild cardoon) were selected as rootstocks for grafting combinations with the artichoke cv. Romolo. Grafting experiments were carried out in the autumn and spring. The anatomical investigation of grafting union formation was conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on the grafting portions at the 3rd, 6th, 10th, 12th day after grafting. For the autumn experiment only, SEM analysis was also performed at 30 d after grafting. A high affinity between artichoke scion and cardoon rootstocks was observed, with some genotype differences in healing time between the two bionts. SEM images of scion/rootstock longitudinal sections revealed the appearance of many interconnecting structures between the two grafting components just 3d after grafting, followed by a vascular rearrangement and a callus development during graft union formation. De novo formation of many plasmodesmata between scion and rootstock confirmed their high compatibility, particularly in the globe artichoke/wild cardoon combination. Moreover, the duration of the early-stage grafting process could be influenced not only by the scion/rootstock compatibility, but also by the seasonal conditions, being favored by lower temperatures and a reduced light/dark photoperiod. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Intraday and Interday Reliability of Ultra-Short-Term Heart Rate Variability in Rugby Union Players.

PubMed

Nakamura, Fábio Y; Pereira, Lucas A; Esco, Michael R; Flatt, Andrew A; Moraes, José E; Cal Abad, Cesar C; Loturco, Irineu

2017-02-01

Nakamura, FY, Pereira, LA, Esco, MR, Flatt, AA, Moraes, JE, Cal Abad, CC, and Loturco, I. Intraday and interday reliability of ultra-short-term heart rate variability in rugby union players. J Strength Cond Res 31(2): 548-551, 2017-The aim of this study was to examine the intraday and interday reliability of ultra-short-term vagal-related heart rate variability (HRV) in elite rugby union players. Forty players from the Brazilian National Rugby Team volunteered to participate in this study. The natural log of the root mean square of successive RR interval differences (lnRMSSD) assessments were performed on 4 different days. The HRV was assessed twice (intraday reliability) on the first day and once per day on the following 3 days (interday reliability). The RR interval recordings were obtained from 2-minute recordings using a portable heart rate monitor. The relative reliability of intraday and interday lnRMSSD measures was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The typical error of measurement (absolute reliability) of intraday and interday lnRMSSD assessments was analyzed using the coefficient of variation (CV). Both intraday (ICC = 0.96; CV = 3.99%) and interday (ICC = 0.90; CV = 7.65%) measures were highly reliable. The ultra-short-term lnRMSSD is a consistent measure for evaluating elite rugby union players, in both intraday and interday settings. This study provides further validity to using this shortened method in practical field conditions with highly trained team sports athletes.

Brivaracetam: review of its pharmacology and potential use as adjunctive therapy in patients with partial onset seizures

PubMed Central

Mumoli, Laura; Palleria, Caterina; Gasparini, Sara; Citraro, Rita; Labate, Angelo; Ferlazzo, Edoardo; Gambardella, Antonio; De Sarro, Giovambattista; Russo, Emilio

2015-01-01

Brivaracetam (BRV), a high-affinity synaptic vesicle protein 2A ligand, reported to be 10–30-fold more potent than levetiracetam (LEV), is highly effective in a wide range of experimental models of focal and generalized seizures. BRV and LEV similarly bind to synaptic vesicle protein 2A, while differentiating for other pharmacological effects; in fact, BRV does not inhibit high voltage Ca2+ channels and AMPA receptors as LEV. Furthermore, BRV apparently exhibits inhibitory activity on neuronal voltage-gated sodium channels playing a role as a partial antagonist. BRV is currently waiting for approval both in the United States and the European Union as adjunctive therapy for patients with partial seizures. In patients with photosensitive epilepsy, BRV showed a dose-dependent effect in suppressing or attenuating the photoparoxysmal response. In well-controlled trials conducted to date, adjunctive BRV demonstrated efficacy and good tolerability in patients with focal epilepsy. BRV has a linear pharmacokinetic profile. BRV is extensively metabolized and excreted by urine (only 8%–11% unchanged). The metabolites of BRV are inactive, and hydrolysis of the acetamide group is the mainly involved metabolic pathway; hepatic impairment probably requires dose adjustment. BRV does not seem to influence other antiepileptic drug plasma levels. Six clinical trials have so far been completed indicating that BRV is effective in controlling seizures when used at doses between 50 and 200 mg/d. The drug is generally well-tolerated with only mild-to-moderate side effects; this is confirmed by the low discontinuation rate observed in these clinical studies. The most common side effects are related to central nervous system and include fatigue, dizziness, and somnolence; these apparently disappear during treatment. In this review, we analyzed BRV, focusing on the current evidences from experimental animal models to clinical studies with particular interest on potential use in clinical practice. Finally, pharmacological properties of BRV are summarized with a description of its pharmacokinetics, safety, and potential/known drug–drug interactions. PMID:26543353

76 FR 13504 - Conversions of Insured Credit Unions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-14

... Conversions of Insured Credit Unions AGENCY: National Credit Union Administration (NCUA). ACTION: Final rule... phrase ``Regional Director'' in NCUA's rule on credit union to mutual savings bank conversions. For... for the review and approval of certain types of credit union conversions from the Regional Directors...

4. Photocopy of blue line drawing (on file at La ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. Photocopy of blue line drawing (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1938 SITE PLAN, UNION RANGER STATION - Union Ranger District Compound, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

Hadean silicate differentiation preserved by anomalous 142Nd/144Nd ratios in the Réunion hotspot source

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peters, Bradley J.; Carlson, Richard W.; Day, James M. D.; Horan, Mary F.

2018-03-01

Active volcanic hotspots can tap into domains in Earth’s deep interior that were formed more than two billion years ago. High-precision data on variability in tungsten isotopes have shown that some of these domains resulted from differentiation events that occurred within the first fifty million years of Earth history. However, it has not proved easy to resolve analogous variability in neodymium isotope compositions that would track regions of Earth’s interior whose composition was established by events occurring within roughly the first five hundred million years of Earth history. Here we report 142Nd/144Nd ratios for Réunion Island igneous rocks, some of which are resolvably either higher or lower than the ratios in modern upper-mantle domains. We also find that Réunion 142Nd/144Nd ratios correlate with helium-isotope ratios (3He/4He), suggesting parallel behaviour of these isotopic systems during very early silicate differentiation, perhaps as early as 4.39 billion years ago. The range of 142Nd/144Nd ratios in Réunion basalts is inconsistent with a single-stage differentiation process, and instead requires mixing of a conjugate melt and residue formed in at least one melting event during the Hadean eon, 4.56 billion to 4 billion years ago. Efficient post-Hadean mixing nearly erased the ancient, anomalous 142Nd/144Nd signatures, and produced the relatively homogeneous 143Nd/144Nd composition that is characteristic of Réunion basalts. Our results show that Réunion magmas tap into a particularly ancient, primitive source compared with other volcanic hotspots, offering insight into the formation and preservation of ancient heterogeneities in Earth’s interior.

Comparative morphometry of the antebrachial and crural interosseous membranes: preliminary study for the use of the crural interosseous membrane in the surgical repair of the antebrachial interosseous membrane tears.

PubMed

Elamrani, Driss; Aumar, Aurélien; Wavreille, Guillaume; Fontaine, Christian

2014-05-01

Traumatic tears of the antebrachial interosseous membrane (AIOM) on its whole length are difficult to treat, particularly in the Essex-Lopresti syndrome. The number of ligamentoplasty techniques described in the literature witnesses the difficulty of its reconstruction and the absence of reliable and satisfying procedure. The aim of this study was to explore a new way of treatment, which consists in replacing the AIOM by the crural interosseous membrane (CIOM), harvested from the same patient. A morphometric study of the AIOM and CIOM has been conducted on both sides of 15 formalin preserved corpses (i.e. 30 AIOM and 30 CIOM). Studied data were: length of forearms and legs, length and width (at different locations) of the membranes, in situ and after harvesting, and orientation of their fibers. The thickness of membrane was also measured but only after harvesting. Concerning the AIOM, the mean length was 13.3 cm in situ and 12.8 cm after harvesting. Its width was maximal at the union of middle and distal thirds with an average value of 1.7 cm in situ and 1.45 cm after harvesting. Mean thickness was 1 mm. Anterior fibers were oblique distally and medially (20.5° ± 0.95°), and posterior fibers were oblique distally and laterally (40° ± 3.4°). Concerning the CIOM, the mean length was 24.75 cm in situ and 23.9 cm after harvesting. Its width was maximal at the union of proximal and middle thirds with an average value of 2.3 cm in situ and 1.85 cm after harvesting. Mean thickness was 0.5 mm. Obliquity of its fibers was reverse of that of the AIOM: the anterior fibers were quite oblique distally and laterally (13° ± 2.6°), and the posterior fibers oblique were oblique distally and medially (24.2° ± 2.48°). From these results, one may conclude that the largest length and width of the CIOM allow its use as substitute for the injured AIOM. The orientation of its fibers should necessitate either its reversal while using the same side or the use of the CIOM of the opposite side; its relative sharpness could signify that its biomechanical properties could be worse. A biomechanical study is necessary to evaluate how this new way of replacing the AIOM could resist to the strains imposed on the forearm.

76 FR 16235 - Corporate Credit Unions, Technical Corrections

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-23

... NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION 12 CFR Part 707 RIN 3133-AD58 Corporate Credit Unions... 2010, NCUA issued technical corrections to its corporate credit union rule, published in the Federal... October 2010, NCUA published a comprehensive overhaul to its corporate credit union rule, 12 CFR part 704...

Gender legacies of jung and freud as epistemology in emergent feminist research on late motherhood.

PubMed

Barone-Chapman, Maryann

2014-03-01

While conducting doctoral research in social science on late motherhood, two analytical engagements with the feminine came to my attention as evidence of a patriarchal bias toward the realm of womanhood. Jung's mythopoetic tension between symbolism and enactments with the feminine and Freud's supposition that a denial of the feminine was necessary for psychological and emotional development appeared to be perpetuating a social problem continuing in current times. Across affective behavior and narrative within stories of late procreative desire, dream journals and Word Association Tests of eight participants was the memory of a male sibling who had enjoyed primacy of place in the parental home over the daughter. The female body with a voice was missing in the one-sided perspectives of Analytical Psychology and Psychoanalysis on the subject of the feminine, until a whole view of psyche's discontents in Feminist inspired Psychoanalytic theories from both schools on the female body were included. Freud and Jung's views became evidence of patriarchy as background while extension of Feminist inspired psychoanalytical thinking, Queer theories and Creation Myth allowed new meanings of the embodied feminine to emerge through a recapitulation of a union of opposites as a union of epistemology and ethos. The essence of Jung's mid-life theories, altered by modernity and eclipsed by female advancement, remains replicatable and paradigmatic outside of essentialist gender performance.

Gender Legacies of Jung and Freud as Epistemology in Emergent Feminist Research on Late Motherhood

PubMed Central

Barone-Chapman, Maryann

2014-01-01

While conducting doctoral research in social science on late motherhood, two analytical engagements with the feminine came to my attention as evidence of a patriarchal bias toward the realm of womanhood. Jung’s mythopoetic tension between symbolism and enactments with the feminine and Freud’s supposition that a denial of the feminine was necessary for psychological and emotional development appeared to be perpetuating a social problem continuing in current times. Across affective behavior and narrative within stories of late procreative desire, dream journals and Word Association Tests of eight participants was the memory of a male sibling who had enjoyed primacy of place in the parental home over the daughter. The female body with a voice was missing in the one-sided perspectives of Analytical Psychology and Psychoanalysis on the subject of the feminine, until a whole view of psyche’s discontents in Feminist inspired Psychoanalytic theories from both schools on the female body were included. Freud and Jung’s views became evidence of patriarchy as background while extension of Feminist inspired psychoanalytical thinking, Queer theories and Creation Myth allowed new meanings of the embodied feminine to emerge through a recapitulation of a union of opposites as a union of epistemology and ethos. The essence of Jung’s mid-life theories, altered by modernity and eclipsed by female advancement, remains replicatable and paradigmatic outside of essentialist gender performance. PMID:25379265

Bone fragment union and remodeling after arthroscopic bony bankart repair for traumatic anterior shoulder instability with a glenoid defect: influence on postoperative recurrence of instability.

PubMed

Nakagawa, Shigeto; Ozaki, Ritsuro; Take, Yasuhiro; Mae, Tatsuo; Hayashida, Kenji

2015-06-01

Although good clinical outcomes have been reported after arthroscopic bony Bankart repair, the extent of bone union is still unclear. To investigate bone union after arthroscopic bony Bankart repair and its influence on postoperative recurrence of instability. Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Among 113 consecutive shoulders that underwent arthroscopic bony Bankart repair, postoperative evaluation of bone union by computed tomography (CT) was performed at various times in 81 shoulders. Bone union was investigated during 3 periods: 3 to 6 months postoperatively (first period), 7 to 12 months postoperatively (second period), and 13 months or more postoperatively (third period). The influence of the size of the preoperative glenoid defect and the size of the bone fragment on bone union was investigated, as well as the influence of bone union on postoperative recurrence of instability. In shoulders with bone union, bone fragment remodeling and changes in the glenoid defect size were also investigated. The bone union rate was 30.5% in the first period, 55.3% in the second period, and 84.6% in the third period. Among 53 shoulders with CT evaluation in the second period or later and follow-up for a minimum of 1 year, there was complete union in 33 shoulders (62.3%), partial union in 3 (5.7%), nonunion in 8 (15.1%), and no fragment on CT in 9 (17.0%). The complete union rate was 50% for 22 shoulders with small bone fragments (<5% of the glenoid diameter), 56.3% for 16 shoulders with medium fragments (5%-10%), and 86.7% for 15 shoulders with large fragments (>10%). The recurrence rate for postoperative instability was only 6.1% for shoulders with complete union, while it was 50% for shoulders with partial union, nonunion, no fragment, and no fragment on CT. The recurrence rate was significantly higher (36.4%) in shoulders with small fragments, but it was significantly lower in shoulders with bone union. In shoulders with bone union, the bone fragment frequently became larger over time, while the size of the glenoid defect decreased significantly from 18.6% preoperatively to 4.7% postoperatively. Bone union was not always achieved after arthroscopic bony Bankart repair, and union was often delayed. Recurrence of instability was significantly more frequent when bone union failed. The size of the glenoid defect decreased significantly in shoulders with bone union. © 2015 The Author(s).

State of the Unions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blair, Julie

2004-01-01

This article discusses the corrupt leadership of two big-city teachers' unions, the Washington Teachers Union (WTU) and its Miami cousin, United Teachers of Dade (UTD), that took both unions to the brink of despair and financial ruin. While the feds were rifling through union files to build extensive criminal investigations, congress called Sandra…

12 CFR 708b.105 - Approval of merger proposal by the NCUA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

....105 Section 708b.105 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS MERGERS OF FEDERALLY-INSURED CREDIT UNIONS; VOLUNTARY TERMINATION OR CONVERSION OF INSURED... credit union is federally-insured and the merging credit union is nonfederally-insured or uninsured, the...

12 CFR 708b.302 - Conversion of Insurance (Federal Credit Union).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Conversion of Insurance (Federal Credit Union... CREDIT UNIONS MERGERS OF FEDERALLY-INSURED CREDIT UNIONS; VOLUNTARY TERMINATION OR CONVERSION OF INSURED STATUS Forms § 708b.302 Conversion of Insurance (Federal Credit Union). Unless the Regional Director...

12 CFR 708b.302 - Conversion of insurance (Federal Credit Union).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Conversion of insurance (Federal Credit Union... CREDIT UNIONS MERGERS OF FEDERALLY-INSURED CREDIT UNIONS; VOLUNTARY TERMINATION OR CONVERSION OF INSURED STATUS Forms § 708b.302 Conversion of insurance (Federal Credit Union). Unless the Regional Director...

Compulsory Unionism, the NLRB, and the Courts: A Legal Analysis of Union Security Agreements. Labor Relations and Public Policy Series Report No. 15.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haggard, Thomas R.

As used here, compulsory union or union security agreements are federally sanctioned contracts between a labor union and employer whereby the employer agrees to require his employees, as a condition of their employment, to affiliate with the union in some way. Right-to-work is usually construed to mean the liberty of the individual to have a job…

75 FR 64785 - Corporate Credit Unions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-20

...NCUA is issuing final amendments to its rule governing corporate credit unions. The major revisions involve corporate credit union capital, investments, asset-liability management, governance, and credit union service organization (CUSO) activities. The amendments establish a new capital scheme, including risk-based capital requirements; impose new prompt corrective action requirements; place various new limits on corporate investments; impose new asset-liability management controls; amend some corporate governance provisions; and limit a corporate CUSO to categories of services preapproved by NCUA. In addition, this rulemaking contains conforming amendments to rules governing Prompt Corrective Action (for natural person credit unions); Investments and Deposit Activities (for federal credit unions); Administrative Actions, Adjudicative Hearings, Rules of Practice and Procedure, and Investigations; and Involuntary Liquidation of Federal Credit Unions and Adjudication of Creditor Claims Involving Federally Insured Credit Unions. These amendments will strengthen individual corporates and the corporate credit union system as a whole.

Bolshevik Disease and Stalinist Terror: On the Historical Casuistry of Artificial Pneumothorax

PubMed Central

Polianski, Igor J.

2015-01-01

From its initial development by Carlo Forlanini at the end of the nineteenth century until the advent of antibiotics in the 1940s, artificial pneumothorax was one of the most widely used treatments for pulmonary tuberculosis. However, there were strongly held reservations about this therapy because of its risks and side effects. In the Soviet Union under Stalin, such uncertainties became instruments of political denunciation. The leading Soviet pulmonary physician Volf S. Kholtsman (1886–1941) was alleged to have used the so-called ‘aristocratic therapy’ of artificial pneumothorax to kill prominent Bolsheviks. Drawing on documents from Stalin’s personal Secretariat, this historical study of the pneumothorax scandal contributes to the cultural history of tuberculosis, showing how it was instrumentalised for political purposes. PMID:25498436

Fracture of Fully-coated Femoral Stem after Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty for Nonunion of Intertrochanteric Fracture: A Case Report.

PubMed

Chun, Young Soo; Juh, Hyung Suk; Cho, Yoon Je; Rhyu, Kee Hyung

2015-09-01

Femoral stem fracture is an uncommon reason for the failure of total hip arthroplasty, with only 16 cases of fully coated stem fractures reported to date. Here we report a case in which a fully coated primary femoral stem fracture occurred after conversion to total hip arthroplasty for the non-union of an intertrochanteric fracture of the femur. Metallurgic evaluation of the etiology and mechanism revealed that the fracture was initiated by fatigue-related failure and completed by ductile failure on the posterior side of the fracture. Considering the recent trend of treating an intertrochanteric fracture with hip arthroplasty, possible stem failure should be considered, since most patients will have at least one of the known risk factors for stem fracture.

Fracture of Fully-coated Femoral Stem after Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty for Nonunion of Intertrochanteric Fracture: A Case Report

PubMed Central

Chun, Young Soo; Juh, Hyung Suk; Cho, Yoon Je

2015-01-01

Femoral stem fracture is an uncommon reason for the failure of total hip arthroplasty, with only 16 cases of fully coated stem fractures reported to date. Here we report a case in which a fully coated primary femoral stem fracture occurred after conversion to total hip arthroplasty for the non-union of an intertrochanteric fracture of the femur. Metallurgic evaluation of the etiology and mechanism revealed that the fracture was initiated by fatigue-related failure and completed by ductile failure on the posterior side of the fracture. Considering the recent trend of treating an intertrochanteric fracture with hip arthroplasty, possible stem failure should be considered, since most patients will have at least one of the known risk factors for stem fracture. PMID:27536622

Inverted distal clavicle anatomic locking plate for displaced medial clavicle fracture.

PubMed

Wang, Yong; Jiang, Jiannong; Dou, Bin; Zhang, Panjun

2015-09-01

Fractures of the medial clavicle are rare injuries. Recently, open reduction and internal fixation has been recommended for displaced medial clavicle fractures in order to prevent non-union and dysfunction. Because of the rarity of this injury, the optimal fixation device has not yet been established. In this report, we describe a case of a 40-year-old male patient who sustained a significantly displaced medial clavicle fracture treated by open reduction and internal fixation using an inverted distal clavicle anatomic locking plate. At the 12 months follow-up, the patient recovered well, had returned to pre-injury job, and was quite satisfied with the outcome. Internal fixation of medial clavicle fracture using an inverted distal clavicle anatomic locking plate of the ipsilateral side appears to be a good treatment option.

The human side of science education: Using McGregor's theory Y as a framework for improving student motivation*.

PubMed

Markwell, John

2004-09-01

Student motivation is correlated with learning. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y as a basis for understanding and improving motivation in the business world can be directly applied to the science classroom. Teachers with a Theory Y perspective (students naturally want to learn) provide increased motivation for students and promote more active learning than Theory X-style teachers who do not view students as active learners. Many teachers are not aware of their Theory X/Theory Y orientation and how this bias may be impacting their interaction with students. This article explores the benefits of moving from a Theory X to a more Theory Y style of teaching. Copyright © 2004 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Impartiality, statistical tit-for-tats and the construction of balance: UK television news reporting of the 2016 EU referendum campaign

PubMed Central

Cushion, Stephen; Lewis, Justin

2017-01-01

There has been greater news industry recognition in recent years that impartiality should not be translated into simply balancing the competing sides of a debate or issue. The binary nature of a referendum campaign represents a unique moment to consider whether broadcasters have put this into practice beyond routine political reporting. This study examines how impartiality was editorially interpreted in television news coverage during the United Kingdom’s 2016 European Union referendum. We carried out a systematic content analysis of the United Kingdom’s main evening bulletins over the 10-week campaign, examining the issues and sources shaping coverage, as well as all the statistical claims made by campaign actors. Our aim was to critically examine how notions of impartiality were constructed and interpreted, exploring any operational limits and political consequences. Overall, we found that news bulletins maintained a fairly strict adherence to a central binary balance between issues and actors during the campaign. But this binary was politically inflected, with a significant imbalance in party political perspectives, presenting us with a right-wing rather than a left-wing case for European Union membership. We also found that independent expert analysis and testimony was sucked into the partisan binary between leave and remain campaigners, while journalists were reluctant to challenge or contextualise claims and counter-claims. Journalists were, in this sense, constrained by the operational definition of impartiality adopted by broadcasters. We argue for a more evidence-driven approach to impartiality, where journalists independently explore the veracity of campaign claims and have the editorial freedom to challenge them. We also suggest that the reliance on claims and counter-claims by leading Conservative politicians did little to advance public understanding of the European Union, and helped perpetuate a series of long-standing negative associations the British media have been reporting for many decades. PMID:28690350

Impartiality, statistical tit-for-tats and the construction of balance: UK television news reporting of the 2016 EU referendum campaign.

PubMed

Cushion, Stephen; Lewis, Justin

2017-06-01

There has been greater news industry recognition in recent years that impartiality should not be translated into simply balancing the competing sides of a debate or issue. The binary nature of a referendum campaign represents a unique moment to consider whether broadcasters have put this into practice beyond routine political reporting. This study examines how impartiality was editorially interpreted in television news coverage during the United Kingdom's 2016 European Union referendum. We carried out a systematic content analysis of the United Kingdom's main evening bulletins over the 10-week campaign, examining the issues and sources shaping coverage, as well as all the statistical claims made by campaign actors. Our aim was to critically examine how notions of impartiality were constructed and interpreted, exploring any operational limits and political consequences. Overall, we found that news bulletins maintained a fairly strict adherence to a central binary balance between issues and actors during the campaign. But this binary was politically inflected, with a significant imbalance in party political perspectives, presenting us with a right-wing rather than a left-wing case for European Union membership. We also found that independent expert analysis and testimony was sucked into the partisan binary between leave and remain campaigners, while journalists were reluctant to challenge or contextualise claims and counter-claims. Journalists were, in this sense, constrained by the operational definition of impartiality adopted by broadcasters. We argue for a more evidence-driven approach to impartiality, where journalists independently explore the veracity of campaign claims and have the editorial freedom to challenge them. We also suggest that the reliance on claims and counter-claims by leading Conservative politicians did little to advance public understanding of the European Union, and helped perpetuate a series of long-standing negative associations the British media have been reporting for many decades.

Anthropometric, Sprint, and High-Intensity Running Profiles of English Academy Rugby Union Players by Position.

PubMed

Darrall-Jones, Joshua D; Jones, Ben; Till, Kevin

2016-05-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric, sprint, and high-intensity running profiles of English academy rugby union players by playing positions, and to investigate the relationships between anthropometric, sprint, and high-intensity running characteristics. Data were collected from 67 academy players after the off-season period and consisted of anthropometric (height, body mass, sum of 8 skinfolds [∑SF]), 40-m linear sprint (5-, 10-, 20-, and 40-m splits), the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (Yo-Yo IRTL-1), and the 30-15 intermittent fitness test (30-15 IFT). Forwards displayed greater stature, body mass, and ∑SF; sprint times and sprint momentum, with lower high-intensity running ability and sprint velocities than backs. Comparisons between age categories demonstrated body mass and sprint momentum to have the largest differences at consecutive age categories for forwards and backs; whereas 20-40-m sprint velocity was discriminate for forwards between under 16s, 18s, and 21s. Relationships between anthropometric, sprint velocity, momentum, and high-intensity running ability demonstrated body mass to negatively impact on sprint velocity (10 m; r = -0.34 to -0.46) and positively affect sprint momentum (e.g., 5 m; r = 0.85-0.93), with large to very large negative relationships with the Yo-Yo IRTL-1 (r = -0.65 to -0.74) and 30-15 IFT (r = -0.59 to -0.79). These findings suggest that there are distinct anthropometric, sprint, and high-intensity running ability differences between and within positions in junior rugby union players. The development of sprint and high-intensity running ability may be impacted by continued increases in body mass as there seems to be a trade-off between momentum, velocity, and the ability to complete high-intensity running.

Repeated high-intensity exercise in professional rugby union.

PubMed

Austin, Damien; Gabbett, Tim; Jenkins, David

2011-07-01

The aim of the present study was to describe the frequency, duration, and nature of repeated high-intensity exercise in Super 14 rugby union. Time-motion analysis was used during seven competition matches over the 2008 and 2009 Super 14 seasons; five players from each of four positional groups (front row forwards, back row forwards, inside backs, and outside backs) were assessed (20 players in total). A repeated high-intensity exercise bout was considered to involve three or more sprints, and/or tackles and/or scrum/ruck/maul activities within 21 s during the same passage of play. The range of repeated high-intensity exercise bouts for each group in a match was as follows: 11-18 for front row forwards, 11-21 for back row forwards, 13-18 for inside backs, and 2-11 for outside backs. The durations of the most intense repeated high-intensity exercise bouts for each position ranged from 53 s to 165 s and the minimum recovery periods between repeated high-intensity exercise bouts ranged from 25 s for the back row forwards to 64 s for the front row forwards. The present results show that repeated high-intensity exercise bouts vary in duration and activities relative to position but all players in a game will average at least 10 changes in activity in the most demanding bouts and complete at least one tackle and two sprints. The most intense periods of activity are likely to last as long as 120 s and as little as 25 s recovery may separate consecutive repeated high-intensity exercise bouts. The present findings can be used by coaches to prepare their players for the most demanding passages of play likely to be experienced in elite rugby union.

Why do intimate partners live apart? Evidence on LAT relationships across Europe

PubMed Central

Liefbroer, Aart C.; Poortman, Anne-Rigt; Seltzer, Judith A.

2015-01-01

BACKGROUND Most research asks whether or not cohabitation has come to rival marriage. Little is known about the meaning of living apart together (LAT) relationships, and whether LAT is an alternative to marriage and cohabitation or a dating relationship. OBJECTIVE We examine across Europe: (1) the prevalence of LAT, (2) the reasons for LAT, and (3) the correlates of (a) LAT relationships vis-à-vis being single, married, or cohabiting, and (b) different types of LAT union. METHODS Using Generations and Gender Survey data from ten Western and Eastern European countries, we present descriptive statistics about LATs and estimate multinominal logistic regression models to assess the correlates of being in different types of LAT unions. RESULTS LAT relationships are uncommon, but they are more common in Western than Eastern Europe. Most people in LAT unions intend to live together but are apart for practical reasons. LAT is more common among young people, those enrolled in higher education, people with liberal attitudes, highly educated people, and those who have previously cohabited or been married. Older people and divorced or widowed persons are more likely to choose LAT to maintain independence. Surprisingly, attitudinal and educational differences are more pronounced in Eastern Europe than in Western Europe. CONCLUSIONS A tentative conclusion is that LAT is more often a stage in the union formation process than an alternative to marriage and cohabitation. Yet some groups do view LAT as substituting for marriage and cohabitation, and these groups differ between East and West. In Eastern Europe a cultural, highly educated elite seems to be the first to resist traditional marriage norms and embrace LAT (and cohabitation) as alternative living arrangements, whereas this is less the case in Western Europe. In Western Europe, LAT unions are mainly an alternative for persons who have been married before or had children in a prior relationship. PMID:26085812

Pool-site fuel inspection and examination techniques applied by the Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft Fuel Service. [PWR; BWR

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Knaab, H.; Knecht, K.

The need for pool-site inspection and examination of fuel assemblies was recognized by Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft with the commissioning of the first nuclear power stations. A wet sipping method has demonstrated high reliability in detection of leaking fuel assemblies. The visual inspection system is a versatile tool. It can be supplemented by attaching devices for oxide thickness measurement or surface replication. Repair of leaking pressurized water reactor fuel assemblies has improved fuel utilization. Applied methods and typical results are described.

Mason Tenders agrees to pay $1 million to end ADA litigation.

PubMed

1995-12-29

The [name removed] District Council Welfare Fund has agreed to pay $1 million to construction workers who have been denied medical coverage for AIDS-related care. The decision establishes self-insured health care benefits programs as covered entities under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The settlement ends a three-year battle which began in 1992 between [name removed] and fourteen HIV-positive construction workers who were refused medical coverage. The first suit was filed by [name removed]., a construction worker who lost coverage for his HIV-related care in July 1991. At that time, the union fund decided to exclude care for HIV on the grounds that it was too expensive. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) filed an ADA lawsuit that challenged disability-based distinctions in health insurance. The U.S. Attorney's Office filed a complaint against the union under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) statute to end organized crime associated with the union. In late 1994, the government announced a consent decree, settling its racketeering suit against the union. Under the terms of the settlement, [name removed] was awarded $16,000 in damages. In the EEOC case, damages for plan members ranged as high as $50,000.

Augmentation plating in management of failed femoral nailing.

PubMed

Verma, Rahul; Sharma, Pulak; Gaur, Sanjiv

2017-08-01

Non-union following interlocking nailing is a troubling complication in treatment of shaft femur fractures. There is no clear consensus on the treatment of this problem. This research was undertaken to study the role of augmentation plating combined with exchange nailing in such cases. A prospective clinical study was undertaken from January 2010 to December 2015. Patients with aseptic femoral shaft non-union, with or without implant failure following intramedullary nailing were included in the study. Augmentation plating combined with Exchange Nailing with a 4.5mm LCP was done. Fifteen patients (nine male and six female) with an average age of 43.7 years (range 18-67 years) were treated. Average timing from the first surgery was 7.3 months. Complete clinical and radiological union was achieved in all cases in a mean duration of 5.2 months. Average duration of follow up was 12.6 months. All the patients retained the preoperative hip and knee range of motion till the last follow up. Augmentation plating combined with exchange nailing in non-unions following intramedullary nailing of femur shaft fractures is a reasonably good and effective procedure with a very high success rate. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Shallow-water reef ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) of Réunion (Mascarene Islands), with biogeographic considerations.

PubMed

Boissin, Emilie; Hoareau, Thierry B; Paulay, Gustav; Bruggemann, J Henrich

2016-04-06

Despite their importance in marine biodiversity, invertebrates are far less studied than vertebrates. Given the current global biodiversity crisis and insufficient taxonomic resources, sustained efforts need to be undertaken to assess species diversity, especially in the highly threatened 'biodiversity hotspots'. Réunion is a young volcanic island lying in the Mascarene Islands (south-western Indian Ocean, SWIO), a marine biodiversity hotspot. A substantial sampling effort was conducted around Réunion Island to document shallow water reef-associated ophiuroid (brittle-stars) diversity, a class recognised as the most diverse among echinoderms. A total of 33 species were documented, increasing the known species richness of the island by 56%. Findings include 15 new records for Réunion, 11 for the Mascarene Islands and 8 for the Indian Ocean. The most diverse family was Ophiocomidae, a family of large, abundant and conspicuous tropical species. Even in this well studied family, a new species was revealed by this survey. Morphological variants together with DNA sequence variations within several species revealed cryptic species. We compared our results with the known fauna of other Mascarene Islands and discuss biogeographic implications for the region.

78 FR 18798 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; West Union, IA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-28

...-1434; Airspace Docket No. 11-ACE-27] Amendment of Class E Airspace; West Union, IA AGENCY: Federal... West Union, IA. Decommissioning of the West Union non-directional beacon (NDB) at George L. Scott... Federal Register a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to amend Class E airspace for the West Union, IA...

77 FR 71361 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; West Union, IA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-30

...-1434; Airspace Docket No. 11-ACE-27] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; West Union, IA AGENCY... action proposes to amend Class E airspace at West Union, IA. Decommissioning of the West Union non... instrument approach procedures at George L. Scott Municipal Airport, West Union, IA. Airspace reconfiguration...

12 CFR Appendix A to Part 701 - Federal Credit Union Bylaws

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... union must explain the reasons for the denial in writing. Section 3. Maintenance of membership share... member who is disruptive to credit union operations may be subject to limitations on services and access to credit union facilities. A credit union that wishes to restrict services to members no longer...

Leading the Local: Teachers Union Presidents Chart Their Own Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Susan Moore; Donaldson, Morgaen L.; Munger, Mindy Sick; Papay, John P.; Qazilbash, Emily K.

2009-01-01

Teachers unions are among the most powerful, yet least studied, actors in public education today. Although public attention focuses on the influence of national unions, the policies that most affect teachers and schooling are bargained by local unions and school boards. Interviews with 30 recently elected local union presidents reveal that these…

12 CFR 721.2 - What is an incidental powers activity?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... business of credit unions; and (c) Involves risks similar in nature to those already assumed as part of the... Section 721.2 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS... in carrying out the mission or business of credit unions consistent with the Federal Credit Union Act...

12 CFR 741.7 - Conversion to a state-chartered credit union.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Conversion to a state-chartered credit union. 741.7 Section 741.7 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING... § 741.7 Conversion to a state-chartered credit union. Any federal credit union that petitions to convert...

12 CFR 741.7 - Conversion to a state-chartered credit union.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Conversion to a state-chartered credit union. 741.7 Section 741.7 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING... § 741.7 Conversion to a state-chartered credit union. Any federal credit union that petitions to convert...

12 CFR 704.3 - Corporate credit union capital.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Corporate credit union capital. 704.3 Section... CORPORATE CREDIT UNIONS § 704.3 Corporate credit union capital. (a) Capital requirements. (1) A corporate... percent or greater. (2) To ensure it meets its capital requirements, a corporate credit union must develop...

12 CFR 704.3 - Corporate credit union capital.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Corporate credit union capital. 704.3 Section... CORPORATE CREDIT UNIONS § 704.3 Corporate credit union capital. (a) Capital requirements. (1) A corporate... percent or greater. (2) To ensure it meets its capital requirements, a corporate credit union must develop...

12 CFR 704.3 - Corporate credit union capital.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Corporate credit union capital. 704.3 Section... CORPORATE CREDIT UNIONS § 704.3 Corporate credit union capital. (a) Capital requirements. (1) A corporate... percent or greater. (2) To ensure it meets its capital requirements, a corporate credit union must develop...

Open-Source Unionism: New Workers, New Strategies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schmid, Julie M.

2004-01-01

In "Open-Source Unionism: Beyond Exclusive Collective Bargaining," published in fall 2002 in the journal Working USA, labor scholars Richard B. Freeman and Joel Rogers use the term "open-source unionism" to describe a form of unionization that uses Web technology to organize in hard-to-unionize workplaces. Rather than depend on the traditional…

Does the situational couple violence- intimate terrorism typology explain cohabitors' high risk of intimate partner violence?

PubMed

Brownridge, Douglas A

2010-07-01

This study examines M. P. Johnson's assertion that violence in marital unions is more likely to be intimate terrorism (IT) and violence in cohabiting unions is more likely to be situational couple violence (SCV). Having overcome limitations of the data on which Johnson based his assertion, the results show that cohabiting and married victims of violence are equally likely to report experiencing SCV and IT. Moreover, cohabitors have higher odds of experiencing SCV and IT compared to their counterparts living in a marital union. These marital status differences are explained by selection and relationship factors theorized to account for them. Although the SCV- IT typology does appear to shed light on gender differences, the results of this study suggest that, where relevant, researchers using this typology should not neglect risk factors derived from theories for understanding intimate partner violence (IPV).

Air medical evacuations from a developing world conflict zone.

PubMed

Low, Adam; Vadera, Bettina

2011-01-01

Somalia has been without effective government for close to two decades, with more than 1 million people internally displaced. The political unrest persists, with United Nations-backed African Union peacekeeping forces supporting the Transitional National government of Sharif Ahmed, struggling to maintain control of central Mogadishu from Islamist extremist groups, such as the reportedly Al-Qaeda-backed Al-Shabab. The African Union force of 5,000 troops is predominantly of Ugandan and Burundian origin, making up the African Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) effort. However, its mandate is limited to operations only in Mogadishu, and it is unauthorized to actively pursue insurgents. As with other ongoing high-profile conflicts, African Union troops face an enemy that blends into the civilian populace, fighting with a lethal mixture of improvised explosive devices and suicide bombers. Copyright © 2011 Air Medical Journal Associates. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Invested in Inquiry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clarke, John H.

2012-01-01

Imagine a learning format that engages high schoolers personally in their learning while ensuring that they meet their school's prescribed standards. Clarke describes how the Pathways program created at a combined middle/high school in Bristol, Vermont (Mount Abraham Union High School), allows students to center school work around their personal…

Mandibular fractures in India during the Second World War (1944 and 1945): analysis of the Snawdon series.

PubMed

Chambers, I G; Scully, C

1987-10-01

The records of Major J. W. E. Snawdon of the No. 2 Indian Maxillofacial Unit provide a rare and detailed insight into the treatment of mandibular fractures during the Second World War. Notable features were the high frequency of civilian-type injuries, the considerable delays between injury and definitive treatment, the lengthy periods of intermaxillary fixation required, the high incidence of infections and the common occurrence of delayed union. Despite these problems, only 12% of fractures resulted in non-union, usually when these were missile injuries with considerable destruction. Reporting of the details from Snawdon's records should be of interest particularly to young oral surgeons, whose experience of trauma belongs to an entirely different environment.

Surveillance of moist snuff: total nicotine, moisture, pH, un-ionized nicotine, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines.

PubMed

Richter, Patricia; Hodge, Knachelle; Stanfill, Stephen; Zhang, Liqin; Watson, Clifford

2008-11-01

In 2005, approximately 2.3% of U.S. adults used smokeless tobacco. Moist snuff leads all types of smokeless tobacco in revenues and marketing expenditures. The U.S. Surgeon General has concluded that smokeless tobacco use can lead to nicotine addiction. The National Toxicology Program of the National Institutes of Health has classified smokeless tobacco as a human carcinogen. Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are potent carcinogens in smokeless tobacco products, and the pH of the product influences the content of un-ionized nicotine which is the form of nicotine most rapidly absorbed in the mouth. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention analyzed 40 top-selling brands of moist snuff to measure nicotine, moisture, pH, un-ionized nicotine, and TSNAs, including 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL). The study findings indicate that moist snuff brands varied widely in content of rapidly absorbed, addictive un-ionized nicotine (500-fold range) and of carcinogenic TSNAs (18-fold range). Product characteristics such as packaging and moisture content appeared to be correlated with concentrations of un-ionized nicotine, and flavor characteristics of low-priced brands may correlate with TSNA concentrations. These findings warrant further study in light of (a) the marketing of smokeless tobacco for use in places where smoking is prohibited, (b) the promotion of smokeless tobacco as a harm-reduction product, and (c) the ever-expanding number of highly flavored smokeless varieties brought to the market.

Regional Utilization of the Union Catalog of Medical Periodicals System

PubMed Central

Sprinkle, Michael D.

1969-01-01

This paper describes regional utilization of the Union Catalog of Medical Periodicals system and data base in producing union lists outside Metropolitan New York, the area served by the Union Catalog. A basic introduction to the Medical Library Center of New York's UCMP system is set forth, demonstrating the system's value in the production of such medical and paramedical union lists throughout the country. Several applications are then described, showing how these union lists were produced. PMID:5789816

26 CFR 1.501(c)(14)-1 - Credit unions and mutual insurance funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Credit unions and mutual insurance funds. 1.501(c... unions and mutual insurance funds. Credit unions (other than Federal credit unions described in section 501(c)(1)) without capital stock, organized and operated for mutual purposes and without profit, are...

26 CFR 1.501(c)(14)-1 - Credit unions and mutual insurance funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Credit unions and mutual insurance funds. 1.501(c... unions and mutual insurance funds. Credit unions (other than Federal credit unions described in section 501(c)(1)) without capital stock, organized and operated for mutual purposes and without profit, are...

12 CFR 721.6 - May a credit union derive income from activities approved under this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false May a credit union derive income from activities approved under this part? 721.6 Section 721.6 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS INCIDENTAL POWERS § 721.6 May a credit union derive income...

12 CFR 721.6 - May a credit union derive income from activities approved under this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false May a credit union derive income from activities approved under this part? 721.6 Section 721.6 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS INCIDENTAL POWERS § 721.6 May a credit union derive income...

Teacher Unionism in Changing Times: Is This the Real "New Unionism"?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stevenson, Howard

2015-01-01

This article provides a case study of union change in an environment in which radical school restructuring is taking place, and active strategies to weaken and marginalize organized teachers are being pursued by the state. The case study union is the National Union of Teachers in England. The article explores a number of different strategies open…

New Roles for Teachers Unions? Reform Unionism in School Decentralization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Donaldson, Morgaen L.; Mayer, Anysia P.; Cobb, Casey D.; LeChasseur, Kimberly; Welton, Anjale

2013-01-01

Of late, teachers unions have worked together with district management in new and notable ways. This paper examines the role of teachers unions in shaping the Together Initiative (TI), which seeks to increase autonomy and broaden decision making in urban schools in one northeastern state. In general, state-level union leaders have taken more…

Reachout: Associations of College Unions-International Proceedings of the Forty Eighth Annual Conference.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Association of Coll. Unions-International, Madison, WI.

A wide range of articles concerned with the major work and interests of college unions are organized into six topical areas; (1) philosophical considerations about the purposes and directions of college unions; (2) management and operation of the college union; (3) food service; (4) programming; (5) contemporary society and the college union; and…

Incidence of and risk factors for traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation: an epidemiologic study in high-school rugby players.

PubMed

Kawasaki, Takayuki; Ota, Chihiro; Urayama, Shingo; Maki, Nobukazu; Nagayama, Masataka; Kaketa, Takefumi; Takazawa, Yuji; Kaneko, Kazuo

2014-11-01

The incidence of reinjuries due to glenohumeral instability and the major risk factors for primary anterior shoulder dislocation in youth rugby players have been unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence, mechanisms, and intrinsic risk factors of shoulder dislocation in elite high-school rugby union teams during the 2012 season. A total of 378 male rugby players from 7 high-school teams were investigated by use of self-administered preseason and postseason questionnaires. The prevalence of a history of shoulder dislocation was 14.8%, and there were 21 events of primary shoulder dislocation of the 74 overall shoulder injuries that were sustained during the season (3.2 events per 1000 player-hours of match exposure). During the season, 54.3% of the shoulders with at least one episode of shoulder dislocation had reinjury. This study also indicated that the persistence of glenohumeral instability might affect the player's self-assessed condition, regardless of the incidence during the current season. By a multivariate logistic regression method, a history of shoulder dislocation on the opposite side before the season was found to be a risk factor for contralateral primary shoulder dislocation (odds ratio, 3.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-9.97; P = .02). High-school rugby players with a history of shoulder dislocation are not playing at full capacity and also have a significant rate of reinjury as well as a high risk of dislocating the other shoulder. These findings may be helpful in deciding on the proper treatment of primary anterior shoulder dislocation in young rugby players. Copyright © 2014 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Shared Governance and Academic Freedom: Yes, This Is Union Work

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Messier, John

2017-01-01

Collective bargaining and faculty governance are sometimes perceived to be in conflict. Faculty members will debate about whether a specific issue--for example, program consolidations or early college/dual enrollment (where high school students earn college credits taking high school classes taught by high school teachers)--falls under governance…

What Do Unions Do for Women? Research-in-Brief.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Braunstein, Jill; And Others

Although union membership has been declining overall, the number of women union members continues to increase. Currently, 37 percent of union membership are women. The proportion of women workers who are union members increased from 16.3 percent in 1965 to 19.3 percent in 1975 and fell to 14 percent in 1990; 7.4 million women were represented by…

75 FR 35629 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-23

... West Union, IA, George L Scott Muni, GPS RWY 17, Orig, CANCELLED West Union, IA, George L Scott Muni, GPS RWY 35, Orig, CANCELLED West Union, IA, George L Scott Muni, RNAV (GPS) RWY 17, Orig West Union, IA, George L Scott Muni, RNAV (GPS) RWY 35, Orig West Union, IA, George L Scott Muni, Takeoff...

32 CFR Appendix C to Part 231 - Sample Certificate of Compliance for Credit Unions Certificate of Compliance

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Unions Certificate of Compliance C Appendix C to Part 231 National Defense Department of Defense... UNIONS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ON DOD INSTALLATIONS Pt. 231, App. C Appendix C to Part 231... union complies with the requirements of section 170 of the Federal Credit Union Act (12 U.S.C 1770), for...

The Trade Unions in Germany. Facing New Challenges. IN Visitors' Information Special Report. 2nd Quarter.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Horstkotte, Hermann; Schroder, Karsten

A study examined the current status and likely future of trade unions in the German Trade Union Federation. The study focused on the following topics: unions as part of a social partnership, unions as partners in self-administration, collective pay policy against unemployment, plant reorganization and its impact on work and wages, the trend toward…

Union-related correlates of employee referrals to an occupational alcoholism project in a health maintenance organization.

PubMed

Putnam, S L; Stout, R L

1982-03-01

A number of union-related factors, including the degree of unionization and the skill level of the work force, the quality of union-management relations, the extent of union involvement in program development, as well as the provision of supervisory training, have been found to be important in explaining occupational alcoholism program outcome. This study attempted to determine the relationship of such factors to an unusual measure of program outcome, employee referrals to the treatment component of an occupational alcoholism project housed in the counseling department of a health maintenance organization. Multiple-regression techniques were used, with data collected for unionized companies that adopted formal, written employee assistance program (EAP) policies and those that did not. The adoption of an EAP policy seems more important than any other factor in predicting referrals to treatment, In unionized companies without policies, the union-related factors bear no relationship to referrals, while in unionized companies with policies, these variables, particularly the quality of union-management relations, are strong predictors. Supervisory training has only a modest positive effect on referrals. The adoption of an employee assistance policy itself was found to be crucial to program outcome, measured by increased chances of referrals.

Adolescent Violent Victimization and Precocious Union Formation.

PubMed

C Kuhl, Danielle; Warner, David F; Wilczak, Andrew

2012-11-01

This article bridges scholarship in criminology and family sociology by extending arguments about "precocious exits" from adolescence to consider early union formation as a salient outcome of violent victimization for youths. Research indicates that early union formation is associated with several negative outcomes; yet the absence of attention to union formation as a consequence of violent victimization is noteworthy. We address this gap by drawing on life course theory and data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) to examine the effect of violent victimization ("street" violence) on the timing of first co-residential union formation-differentiating between marriage and cohabitation-in young adulthood. Estimates from Cox proportional hazard models show that adolescent victims of street violence experience higher rates of first union formation, especially marriage, early in the transition to adulthood; however, this effect declines with age, as such unions become more normative. Importantly, the effect of violent victimization on first union timing is robust to controls for nonviolent delinquency, substance abuse, and violent perpetration. We conclude by discussing directions for future research on the association between violent victimization and coresidential unions with an eye toward the implications of such early union formation for desistance.

Adolescent Violent Victimization and Precocious Union Formation*

PubMed Central

C. Kuhl, Danielle; Warner, David F.; Wilczak, Andrew

2013-01-01

This article bridges scholarship in criminology and family sociology by extending arguments about “precocious exits” from adolescence to consider early union formation as a salient outcome of violent victimization for youths. Research indicates that early union formation is associated with several negative outcomes; yet the absence of attention to union formation as a consequence of violent victimization is noteworthy. We address this gap by drawing on life course theory and data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) to examine the effect of violent victimization (“street” violence) on the timing of first co-residential union formation—differentiating between marriage and cohabitation—in young adulthood. Estimates from Cox proportional hazard models show that adolescent victims of street violence experience higher rates of first union formation, especially marriage, early in the transition to adulthood; however, this effect declines with age, as such unions become more normative. Importantly, the effect of violent victimization on first union timing is robust to controls for nonviolent delinquency, substance abuse, and violent perpetration. We conclude by discussing directions for future research on the association between violent victimization and coresidential unions with an eye toward the implications of such early union formation for desistance. PMID:24431471

A comparison of catastrophic injury incidence rates by Provincial Rugby Union in South Africa.

PubMed

Badenhorst, Marelise; Verhagen, Evert A L M; van Mechelen, Willem; Lambert, Michael I; Viljoen, Wayne; Readhead, Clint; Baerecke, Gail; Brown, James C

2017-07-01

To compare catastrophic injury rates between the 14 South African Provincial Rugby Unions. A prospective, population-based study conducted among all South African Unions between 2008-2014. Player numbers in each Union were obtained from South African Rugby's 2013 Census. Catastrophic injuries were analysed from BokSmart's serious injury database. Incidence rates with 95% Confidence Intervals were calculated. Catastrophic injuries (Acute Spinal Cord Injuries and catastrophic Traumatic Brain Injuries) within Unions were compared statistically, using a Poisson regression with Incidence Rate Ratios (IRR) and a 95% confidence level (p<0.05). Catastrophic injury incidence rates per Union ranged from 1.8 per 100000 players (95% CI: 0.0-6.5) to 7.9 (95% CI: 0.0-28.5) per 100000 players per year. The highest incidence rate of permanent outcome Acute Spinal Cord Injuries was reported at 7.1 per 100000 players (95% CI: 0.0-17.6). Compared to this Union, five (n=5/14, 36%) of the Unions had significantly lower incidence rates of Acute Spinal Cord Injuries. Proportionately, three Unions had more Acute Spinal Cord Injuries and three other Unions had more catastrophic Traumatic Brain Injuries. There were significant differences in the catastrophic injury incidence rates amongst the Provincial Unions in South Africa. Future studies should investigate the underlying reasons contributing to these provincial differences. Copyright © 2017 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Labor unions and safety climate: perceived union safety values and retail employee safety outcomes.

PubMed

Sinclair, Robert R; Martin, James E; Sears, Lindsay E

2010-09-01

Although trade unions have long been recognized as a critical advocate for employee safety and health, safety climate research has not paid much attention to the role unions play in workplace safety. We proposed a multiple constituency model of workplace safety which focused on three central safety stakeholders: top management, ones' immediate supervisor, and the labor union. Safety climate research focuses on management and supervisors as key stakeholders, but has not considered whether employee perceptions about the priority their union places on safety contributes contribute to safety outcomes. We addressed this gap in the literature by investigating unionized retail employee (N=535) perceptions about the extent to which their top management, immediate supervisors, and union valued safety. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that perceived union safety values could be distinguished from measures of safety training, workplace hazards, top management safety values, and supervisor values. Structural equation analyses indicated that union safety values influenced safety outcomes through its association with higher safety motivation, showing a similar effect as that of supervisor safety values. These findings highlight the need for further attention to union-focused measures related to workplace safety as well as further study of retail employees in general. We discuss the practical implications of our findings and identify several directions for future safety research. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Exchange nailing for nonunion of diaphyseal fractures of the tibia: our results and an analysis of the risk factors for failure.

PubMed

Tsang, S T J; Mills, L A; Frantzias, J; Baren, J P; Keating, J F; Simpson, A H R W

2016-04-01

The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for the failure of exchange nailing in nonunion of tibial diaphyseal fractures. A cohort of 102 tibial diaphyseal nonunions in 101 patients with a mean age of 36.9 years (15 to 74) were treated between January 1992 and December 2012 by exchange nailing. Of which 33 (32%) were initially open injuries. The median time from primary fixation to exchange nailing was 6.5 months (interquartile range (IQR) 4.3 to 9.8 months). The main outcome measures were union, number of secondary fixation procedures required to achieve union and time to union. Univariate analysis and multiple regression were used to identify risk factors for failure to achieve union. Multiple causes for the primary nonunion were found for 28 (27%) tibiae, with infection present in 32 (31%). Six patients were lost to follow-up. Further surgical procedures were required in 35 (36%) nonunions. Other fixation modalities were required in five fractures. A single nail exchange procedure achieved union in 60/96 (63%) of all nonunions. Only 11 out of 31 infected nonunions (35.4%) healed after one exchange nail procedure. Up to five repeated exchange nailings, with or without bone grafting, ultimately achieved union in 89 (93%) fractures. The median time to union after exchange nailing was 8.7 months (IQR 5.7 to 14.0 months). Univariate analysis confirmed that an oligotrophic/atrophic pattern of nonunion (p = 0.002), a bone gap of 5 mm or more (p = 0.04) and infection (p < 0.001), were predictive for failure of exchange nailing Multiple regression analysis found that infection was the strongest predictor of failure (p < 0.001). Exchange nailing is an effective treatment for aseptic tibial diaphyseal nonunion. However, in the presence of severe infection with a highly resistant organism, or extensive sclerosis of the bone, other fixation modalities, such as Ilizarov treatment, should be considered. Exchange nailing is an effective treatment for aseptic tibial diaphyseal nonunion. ©2016 The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery.

12 CFR 721.4 - How may a credit union apply to engage in an activity that is not preapproved as within a credit...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false How may a credit union apply to engage in an activity that is not preapproved as within a credit union's incidental powers? 721.4 Section 721.4 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS INCIDENTAL POWERS...

The Foundation of the Turkish National Student Union and the Attendance of the International Student Union at the Second Warsaw Congress

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Batir, Betül

2017-01-01

In the early twentieth century many countries across the world established national student unions and sent representatives to the International Student Union. Believing this to be a fundamental need in a globalising world, the new Turkish state did not wait long before joining this union. In fact, several student associations in Turkey attended…

Fit for Life.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Klahr, Gary Peter

1992-01-01

Although the 1980's fitness craze is wearing off and adults are again becoming "couch potatoes," this trend does not justify expansion of high school compulsory physical education requirements. To encourage commitment to lifetime physical fitness, the Phoenix (Arizona) Union High School District offers students private showers, relaxed…

[The relationship between the State and workers' unions and its impacts in the union-based health coverage regime in Argentina: an historical and political analysis].

PubMed

De Fazio, Federico Leandro

2013-12-01

This paper aims at developing a political and historical reconstruction of the period spanning from the late nineteenth century to the present. In particular, this work investigates the relationship between the Argentine State and workers' unions and the impacts of that relationship in the establishment, consolidation and potential decline of the health coverage system administrated by unions, in Argentina called obras sociales. This work will also support the hypothesis that the financing obtained by union leaders through this health coverage system has been an efficient instrument for sustaining a centralized union model and has in some cases guaranteed the continued governance of both union leaders and different national governments.

11. Photocopy of blueprint (on file at La Grande District ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. Photocopy of blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1939 - Union Ranger District Compound, Guard Residence, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

10. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1958 - Union Ranger District Compound, Office, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

Fast Risetime Reverse Bias Pulse Failures in SiC PN Junction Diodes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Neudeck, Philip G.; Fazi, Christian; Parsons, James D.

1996-01-01

SiC-based high temperature power devices are being developed for aerospace systems which will require high reliability. One behavior crucial to power device reliability. To date, it has necessarily been assumed to date is that the breakdown behavior of SiC pn junctions will be similar to highly reliable silicon-based pn junctions. Challenging this assumption, we report the observation of anomalous unreliable reverse breakdown behavior in moderately doped (2-3 x 10(exp 17) cm(exp -3)) small-area 4H- and 6H-SiC pn junction diodes at temperatures ranging from 298 K (25 C) to 873 K (600 C). We propose a mechanism in which carrier emission from un-ionized dopants and deep level defects leads to this unstable behavior. The fundamental instability mechanism is applicable to all wide bandgap semiconductors whose dopants are significantly un-ionized at typical device operating temperatures.

Effectiveness of exchange K-nail and augmented plating in aseptic femoral diaphyseal non-union.

PubMed

Sancheti, K H; Pradhan, Chetan; Patil, Atul; Puram, Chetan; Bharti, Parkalp; Sancheti, Parag; Shyam, Ashok

2017-08-01

Femoral diaphyseal non-unions present difficult scenario to manage. There are multiple options but most of them still report varying incidences of failure. We combined the principles of augmented plating and exchange nailing and aim to study the effectiveness of this technique. A retrospective study at a tertiary trauma centre was conducted. Seventy patients (60 men, 10 women), average age 40.7±15.27 years (range 18-81 years) with diaphyseal femoral fracture non-unions treated between July 2010 and January 2015 were reviewed. The average interval between first and the last surgery was 18.07±17.65 months (range 4-96 months). Forty six patients had hypertrophic non-union and 24 patients had atrophic non-union. Twenty one patients had undergone a prior surgery for non-union, 13 dynamisation, 4 bone grafting, 1 augmented plating and 3 exchange nailing. Non-unions were treated with implant removal, freshening of bone edges and exchange K-nailing and augmented plating. Autologous bone grafting and raising of osteoperiosteal flaps was done in all cases. Outcome measures were radiographic evidence of fracture union at minimum three out of four cortices, knee range of motion as compared to opposite knee, and study of complications. All patients demonstrated radiographic evidence of fracture union with an average time of 16.77±2.38 weeks (range 12-26 weeks). Mean knee range of motion of unaffected limb was 126±9.76° (range 90-140°) while in operated limb it was 121.1±11.36° (range 80-140°), p>0.01. Patients with hypertrophic non-unions, prior surgery for non-union and supra- or infra-isthmal non-unions had shorter union time. Two patients had superficial infection which was managed by superficial debridement and two patients had pain at proximal nail tip site which was managed by anti-inflammatory medication. None of the patients required additional surgery for implant removal. Exchange K nailing with Bone graft and additional plating technique for non-union diaphyseal femur fracture achieved good union rates with minimal complication. In our series none of the patient required revision and the technique probably will further minimise the revision rates compared to current options for non-union femur. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

6. Photocopy of pencil drawing (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. Photocopy of pencil drawing (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1939 CIRCULATION PLAN - Union Ranger District Compound, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

6. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service RANGERS RESIDENCE - Union Ranger Distric Compound, Rangers Residence, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

Italy in the Eu: Love Affair or Disillusionment? Italian Discontent with the European Integration Past and Present

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

in the formation of a European monetary union further contributing to the European countries’ political union . Among Italy’s reasons to participate...of abandoning participation in the EU project. 14. SUBJECT TERMS Italy, European Union , European institutions, Mussolini, Hitler, NATO...System EMU European Monetary Union EU European Union GDP gross domestic product Km kilometer IAI Istituto Affari Internazionali [Institute of

Use of a real-size 3D-printed model as a preoperative and intraoperative tool for minimally invasive plating of comminuted midshaft clavicle fractures.

PubMed

Kim, Hyong Nyun; Liu, Xiao Ning; Noh, Kyu Cheol

2015-06-10

Open reduction and plate fixation is the standard operative treatment for displaced midshaft clavicle fracture. However, sometimes it is difficult to achieve anatomic reduction by open reduction technique in cases with comminution. We describe a novel technique using a real-size three dimensionally (3D)-printed clavicle model as a preoperative and intraoperative tool for minimally invasive plating of displaced comminuted midshaft clavicle fractures. A computed tomography (CT) scan is taken of both clavicles in patients with a unilateral displaced comminuted midshaft clavicle fracture. Both clavicles are 3D printed into a real-size clavicle model. Using the mirror imaging technique, the uninjured side clavicle is 3D printed into the opposite side model to produce a suitable replica of the fractured side clavicle pre-injury. The 3D-printed fractured clavicle model allows the surgeon to observe and manipulate accurate anatomical replicas of the fractured bone to assist in fracture reduction prior to surgery. The 3D-printed uninjured clavicle model can be utilized as a template to select the anatomically precontoured locking plate which best fits the model. The plate can be inserted through a small incision and fixed with locking screws without exposing the fracture site. Seven comminuted clavicle fractures treated with this technique achieved good bone union. This technique can be used for a unilateral displaced comminuted midshaft clavicle fracture when it is difficult to achieve anatomic reduction by open reduction technique. Level of evidence V.

Advances in Spatial Data Infrastructure, Acquisition, Analysis, Archiving and Dissemination

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ramapriyan, Hampapuran K.; Rochon, Gilbert L.; Duerr, Ruth; Rank, Robert; Nativi, Stefano; Stocker, Erich Franz

2010-01-01

The authors review recent contributions to the state-of-thescience and benign proliferation of satellite remote sensing, spatial data infrastructure, near-real-time data acquisition, analysis on high performance computing platforms, sapient archiving, multi-modal dissemination and utilization for a wide array of scientific applications. The authors also address advances in Geoinformatics and its growing ubiquity, as evidenced by its inclusion as a focus area within the American Geophysical Union (AGU), European Geosciences Union (EGU), as well as by the evolution of the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society's (GRSS) Data Archiving and Distribution Technical Committee (DAD TC).

The use of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in treating delayed union of fifth metatarsal fractures.

PubMed

Teoh, Kar Hao; Whitham, Robert; Wong, Jenny F; Hariharan, Kartik

2018-01-31

There are no studies looking at the success rate of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) in fifth metatarsal fracture delayed unions to our knowledge. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of LIPUS treatment for delayed union of fifth metatarsal fractures. A retrospective review of patients who were treated with LIPUS following a delayed union of fifth metatarsal fracture was conducted over a three-year period. There were thirty patients (9 males, 21 females) in this cohort. The average age was 39.3 years. Type 2 fractures made up 43% of our cohort. Twenty-seven (90%) patients went on to progress to union clinically and radiologically following LIPUS treatment. Smoking (p=0.014) was predictive of non-union. Assuming that there were 10 delayed unions a year and 6 went on to non-union as previously suggested by a systematic review, the cost savings of using LIPUS (90% success rate; 10 LIPUS machine and surgery for 1 non-union) vs operative intervention (surgery for 6 non-union) equates to a cost saving of £7765 a year. There is a role for the use of LIPUS in delayed union of fifth metatarsal fractures and can serve as an adjunct prior to consideration of surgery. The findings of this study also suggest the use of LIPUS to be a cost effective treatment modality compared to surgical management. Level 4. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

12 CFR 741.219 - Investment requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Investment requirements. 741.219 Section 741.219 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS... Unions That Also Apply to Federally Insured State-Chartered Credit Unions § 741.219 Investment...

12 CFR 741.219 - Investment requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Investment requirements. 741.219 Section 741.219 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS... Unions That Also Apply to Federally Insured State-Chartered Credit Unions § 741.219 Investment...

English in the Union Hall.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trebble, Maggi; Wallace, David

1982-01-01

A course developed by a college in conjunction with a major union focused entirely on English as a means of becoming more active in the union, understanding the collective bargaining agreement, and defending union member rights. Program development, material development, and teaching methods are discussed. (MSE)

12 CFR 704.7 - Lending.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS CORPORATE CREDIT UNIONS § 704.7 Lending. (a) Policies. A corporate credit union must operate according to a lending policy which addresses... marketable securities and member reverse repurchase transactions, must not exceed 100 percent of capital. (2...

12 CFR 704.6 - Credit risk management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS CORPORATE CREDIT UNIONS § 704.6 Credit risk management. (a) Policies. A corporate credit union must operate... transaction counterparty, set as a percentage of capital. In addition to addressing deposits and securities...

12 CFR 704.6 - Credit risk management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS CORPORATE CREDIT UNIONS § 704.6 Credit risk management. (a) Policies. A corporate credit union must operate... transaction counterparty, set as a percentage of capital. In addition to addressing deposits and securities...

12 CFR 704.7 - Lending.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS CORPORATE CREDIT UNIONS § 704.7 Lending. (a) Policies. A corporate credit union must operate according to a lending policy which addresses... marketable securities and member reverse repurchase transactions, must not exceed 100 percent of capital. (2...

12 CFR 704.7 - Lending.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS CORPORATE CREDIT UNIONS § 704.7 Lending. (a) Policies. A corporate credit union must operate according to a lending policy which addresses... marketable securities and member reverse repurchase transactions, must not exceed 100 percent of capital. (2...

12 CFR 704.6 - Credit risk management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS CORPORATE CREDIT UNIONS § 704.6 Credit risk management. (a) Policies. A corporate credit union must operate... transaction counterparty, set as a percentage of capital. In addition to addressing deposits and securities...

12 CFR 704.7 - Lending.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS CORPORATE CREDIT UNIONS § 704.7 Lending. (a) Policies. A corporate credit union must operate according to a lending policy which addresses... marketable securities and member reverse repurchase transactions, must not exceed 100 percent of capital. (2...

12 CFR 704.6 - Credit risk management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS CORPORATE CREDIT UNIONS § 704.6 Credit risk management. (a) Policies. A corporate credit union must operate... transaction counterparty, set as a percentage of capital. In addition to addressing deposits and securities...

12 CFR 704.7 - Lending.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS CORPORATE CREDIT UNIONS § 704.7 Lending. (a) Policies. A corporate credit union must operate according to a lending policy which addresses... marketable securities and member reverse repurchase transactions, must not exceed 100 percent of capital. (2...

5. Photocopy of blue line drawing (on file at La ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Photocopy of blue line drawing (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1939 TREE PLANTING MASTER PLAN - Union Ranger District Compound, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

7. Photocopy of blue line drawing (on file at La ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. Photocopy of blue line drawing (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1965 MASTER SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN - Union Ranger District Compound, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

8. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1957 OFFICE ADDITION (SHEET 2) - Union Ranger District Compound, Office, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

11. Photocopy of architectural drawing (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. Photocopy of architectural drawing (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1939 OFFICE, DETAILED PLANTING PLAN - Union Ranger District Compound, Office, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

Contact events in rugby union and their propensity to cause injury

PubMed Central

Fuller, Colin W; Brooks, John H M; Cancea, Rebecca J; Hall, John; Kemp, Simon P T

2007-01-01

Objective The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of contact events in professional rugby union matches and to assess their propensity to cause injury. Design The study was a two‐season (2003/2004 and 2005/2006) prospective cohort design. It included 645 professional rugby union players from 13 English Premiership rugby union clubs. The main outcome measures were: incidence of match contact events (events per game); incidence (injuries per 1000 player‐hours and per 1000 contact events), risk (days lost per 1000 player‐hours and per 1000 contact events) and diagnosis of injury; referee's decision. Risk factors were player–player contact, position on pitch and period of play. Results Tackles (221.0 events/game) and rucks (142.5 events/game) were the most common events and mauls (13.6%) and scrums (12.6%) the most penalised. Tackles (701.6 days/1000 player‐hours) were responsible for the greatest loss of time but scrums (213.2 days lost/1000 events) and collisions (199.8 days lost/1000 events) presented the highest risk per event. Conclusions Tackles were the game event responsible for the highest number of injuries and the greatest loss of time in rugby union because they were by far the most common contact event. Collisions were 70% more likely to result in an injury than a tackle and scrums carried a 60% greater risk of injury than a tackle. The relative propensities for contact events to cause injury were rated as: lineout – very low; ruck – low; maul and tackle – average; collision and scrum – high. PMID:17513332

Mortality among members of a heavy construction equipment operators union with potential exposure to diesel exhaust emissions.

PubMed Central

Wong, O; Morgan, R W; Kheifets, L; Larson, S R; Whorton, M D

1985-01-01

A historical prospective mortality study was conducted on a cohort of 34 156 male members of a heavy construction equipment operators union with potential exposure to diesel exhaust emissions. This cohort comprised all individuals who were members of the International Union of Operating Engineers, Locals 3 and 3A, for at least one year between 1 January 1964 and 31 December 1978. The mortality experience of the entire cohort and several subcohorts was compared with that of United States white men, adjusted for age and calendar time. The comparison statistic was the commonly used standardised mortality ratio (SMR). Historical environmental measurements did not exist, but partial work histories were available for some cohort members through the union dispatch computer tapes. An attempt was made to relate mortality experience to the union members' dispatch histories. Overall mortality for the entire cohort and several subgroups was significantly lower than expected. When cause specific mortality was examined, however, the study provided suggestive evidence for the existence of several potential health problems in this cohort. Mortality from liver cancer for the entire cohort was significantly high. Although mortality from lung cancer for the entire cohort was similar to expected, a positive trend by latency was observed for lung cancer. A significant excess of mortality from lung cancer was found among the retirees and the group for whom no dispatch histories were available. Other dispatch groups showed no evidence of lung cancer excess. In addition, the total cohort experienced significant mortality excess from emphysema and accidental deaths. PMID:2410010

Contact events in rugby union and their propensity to cause injury.

PubMed

Fuller, Colin W; Brooks, John H M; Cancea, Rebecca J; Hall, John; Kemp, Simon P T

2007-12-01

The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of contact events in professional rugby union matches and to assess their propensity to cause injury. The study was a two-season (2003/2004 and 2005/2006) prospective cohort design. It included 645 professional rugby union players from 13 English Premiership rugby union clubs. The main outcome measures were: incidence of match contact events (events per game); incidence (injuries per 1000 player-hours and per 1000 contact events), risk (days lost per 1000 player-hours and per 1000 contact events) and diagnosis of injury; referee's decision. Risk factors were player-player contact, position on pitch and period of play. Tackles (221.0 events/game) and rucks (142.5 events/game) were the most common events and mauls (13.6%) and scrums (12.6%) the most penalised. Tackles (701.6 days/1000 player-hours) were responsible for the greatest loss of time but scrums (213.2 days lost/1000 events) and collisions (199.8 days lost/1000 events) presented the highest risk per event. Tackles were the game event responsible for the highest number of injuries and the greatest loss of time in rugby union because they were by far the most common contact event. Collisions were 70% more likely to result in an injury than a tackle and scrums carried a 60% greater risk of injury than a tackle. The relative propensities for contact events to cause injury were rated as: lineout--very low; ruck--low; maul and tackle--average; collision and scrum--high.

Perceived discrimination and low back pain among 28,532 workers in South Korea: Effect modification by labor union status.

PubMed

Lee, Nagyeong; Sung, Hyoju; Kim, Ji-Hwan; Punnett, Laura; Kim, Seung-Sup

2017-03-01

This study investigated the association between workplace discrimination and low back pain among Korean workers and explored the role of labor union in the association. We analyzed a cross-sectional survey of 28,532 workers from the 3rd Korean Working Conditions Survey (2011), a nationally representative dataset in South Korea. Experience of workplace discrimination for five different reasons was assessed using the questions: "Over the past 12 months, have you ever experienced workplace discrimination based on your: (a) age, (b) education, (c) birth region, (d) sex, and (e) employment status?" Experience of low back pain within a 12 month period was measured using a yes/no question. Labor union membership was coded into three categories: (1) workers at workplaces without a labor union; (2) workers without union membership at workplaces with a labor union; (3) workers with union membership. In workplaces without a labor union, low back pain was statistically significantly associated with workplace discrimination based on age (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.73, 2.35), education (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.23, 1.71), birth region (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.84), sex (OR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.81, 2.73), and employment status (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.99, 2.72) after adjusting for covariates including physical work factors. However, no significant association was observed among workers at workplaces with a labor union regardless of workers' union membership. Workplace discrimination was associated with low back pain only in workplaces without a labor union. Presence of labor union at workplaces may have a protective effect on workers' low back pain against workplace discrimination. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Persistent non-union of the humeral shaft treated by plating and autologous bone grafting.

PubMed

Pollon, Tristan; Reina, Nicolas; Delclaux, Stéphanie; Bonnevialle, Paul; Mansat, Pierre; Bonnevialle, Nicolas

2017-02-01

Surgical treatment of persistent non-union of the humeral shaft is a complex situation because of the risk of failure and surgery-related complications. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiological results of a continuous series of persistent non-union treated with plating and bone grafting. The secondary objective was to expose factors contributing to the failure of prior bone union attempts. Sixteen patients (average age of 52 years) were treated for persistent non-union of the humeral shaft in our department; six of these patients had predisposing comorbidities or addictions. The persistent non-union was treated by plating with autologous bone graft from the iliac crest in a single-stage procedure in 12 cases and a two-stage procedure in three cases; one case was treated with plating and vascularized fibula graft. At a minimum follow-up of 12 months (average 78 months), four (25 %) failed to heal. The 12 other patients had bone union after an average of eight months. The average QuickDASH score was 48 points (18-72). A retrospective analysis of the prior attempts to treat the non-union revealed three cases of unstable fixation, four cases with no osteogenic supply and seven cases of positive microbiological cultures at the non-union site. Plating and autologous bone grafting resulted in union in only 75 % of persistent non-union of the humeral shaft. The persistent nature of the humeral shaft non-union could be attributed to deviating from validated rules for surgical treatment and/or the presence of a surgical site infection.

The physical basis of glacier volume-area scaling

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bahr, D.B.; Meier, M.F.; Peckham, S.D.

1997-01-01

Ice volumes are known for only a few of the roughly 160,000 glaciers worldwide but are important components of many climate and sea level studies which require water flux estimates. A scaling analysis of the mass and momentum conservation equations shows that glacier volumes can be related by a power law to more easily observed glacier surface areas. The relationship requires four closure choices for the scaling behavior of glacier widths, slopes, side drag and mass balance. Reasonable closures predict a volume-area scaling exponent which is consistent with observations, giving a physical and practical basis for estimating ice volumes. Glacier volume is insensitive to perturbations in the mass balance scaling, but changes in average accumulation area ratios reflect significant changes in the scaling of both mass balance and ice volume. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union.

TURKEY-EARTH RESOURCES (MT.ARARAT)

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-10-28

SL3-122-2562 (July-September 1973) --- A near vertical view of the border area of Turkey-Iran?Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as seen from the Skylab space station in Earth orbit. This picture was taken by one of the Skylab 3 crewmen using a hand-held 70mm Hasselblad camera. THE PICTURE SHOULD BE HELD WITH THE MASS OF WHITE CLOUDS ON THE RIGHT SIDE. The lake at the top center edge is Ozero (Lake) Sevan in the USSR?s Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. The other body of water is Iran?s Lake Urmia. The major feature in this photograph can be seen in the upper left corner. Mount Ararat is in Turkey only a few miles from Iran and USSR borders. Yerevan, the capital of Armenian SSR, is located north-northwest of Mount Ararat. Photo credit: NASA

College Readiness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chapa, Marisa; Galvan-De Leon, Vanessa; Solis, Judith; Mundy, Marie-Anne

2014-01-01

During the 79th Texas Legislature, the bill "Advancement of College Readiness in Curriculum" was passed (THECB). As a response to this, high schools and colleges have combined forming an early college high school. The result of this union was a program that condensed the time it took to complete both the high school diploma and up to two…

High School Redesign Gets Presidential Lift

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adams, Caralee J.

2013-01-01

President Barack Obama applauded high school redesign efforts in his State of the Union address and encouraged districts to look to successful models for inspiration. Last week, he followed up with a request in his fiscal 2014 budget proposal for a new, $300 million competitive-grant program. Recognition is widespread that high schools need to…

Concussion knowledge and experience among Welsh amateur rugby union coaches and referees

PubMed Central

Griffin, Steffan Arthur; Ranson, Craig; Moore, Isabel; Mathema, Prabhat

2017-01-01

Background Rugby union is a collision sport where participants are at high risk of sustaining a concussion. In settings where there is little qualified medical supervision, certain stakeholders (eg, coaches and officials) should possess sufficient knowledge in regard to the recognition and management of concussion. Aim The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and experience of various aspects of concussion among coaches and referees involved in Welsh amateur rugby union. Methods A questionnaire was distributed to 1843 coaches and 420 referees. Results A total of 333 coaches and 283 referees completed the questionnaire (18% and 68% response rates, respectively). Participants exhibited greater knowledge of concussion symptom recognition relative to knowledge of both the consequences of concussion and associated return-to-play protocols, both of which could be considered poor. There were no differences in knowledge levels between coaches and referees or between participants with or without a history of concussion. Two-thirds of participants incorrectly believed that headgear could prevent concussion, and nearly 30% of coaches reported having witnessed other coaches allowing a potentially concussed player to continue playing. Conclusions Identification of several misconceptions indicates that concussion management within Welsh amateur rugby union needs to be improved, warranting a multi-faceted educational intervention. PMID:29259806

A systematic review of education programmes to prevent concussion in rugby union.

PubMed

Fraas, Michael R; Burchiel, Jessica

2016-11-01

There is a high incidence of concussion sustained by athletes participating in rugby union, many of which go unreported. A lack of sufficient knowledge about concussion injuries may explain athletes' failure to report. Several rugby union-playing countries have developed injury education and prevention programmes to address this issue. The aim of the current review was to systematically assess the content and level of evidence on concussion education/prevention programmes in rugby union and to make recommendations for the quality, strength, and consistency of this evidence. We searched PubMed, PsycInfo, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscuss, Webofscience, and conducted a manual search for articles. Ten articles were included for review. Of these, six focused on the BokSmart injury prevention programme in South Africa, two focused on the RugbySmart injury prevention programme in New Zealand, one was an analysis of prevention programmes, and one was a systematic review of rugby injury prevention strategies. Despite the initiative to develop concussion education and prevention programmes, there is little evidence to support the effectiveness of such programmes. There is evidence to support education of coaches and referees. In addition, there is scant evidence to suggest that education and rule changes may have the benefit of changing athlete behaviours resulting in a reduction in catastrophic injury.

Work-related injuries in drywall installation.

PubMed

Lipscomb, H J; Dement, J M; Gaal, J S; Cameron, W; McDougall, V

2000-10-01

Administrative data sources were used to describe the work-related injuries of drywall carpenters, to calculate rates of occurrence, and to explore high risk sub-groups. Health insurance eligibility files were used to identify a cohort of active union carpenters affiliated with a union local whose predominant work involved drywall installation in the state of Washington. These files contained the hours worked by each individual for each month between January 1989 and December 1995, providing person-hours at risk as a union carpenter. The Washington Department of Labor and Industries (L&I) provided records of workers' compensation claims filed by these individuals. Over seven years 1773 drywall carpenters filed 2567 workers' compensation claims representing an overall rate of 53.3 per 200,000 hours worked. These claims were filed by 1046 different individuals, or 59.0 percent of the cohort. Claims resulting in paid lost time from work were filed at a rate of 12.5 per 200,000 hours worked (n = 609) by 445 (25.1%) different individuals. The most common mechanisms of injury involved being struck (38.3%), overexertion (28.1%), and falls (13.2%). Struck by injuries most commonly involved cuts to the upper extremity. Overexertion injuries were most commonly described as sprains or strains involving the back. Sheetrock was associated with over 40 percent of these injuries. Falls most commonly involved injuries to the knee followed by the back and multiple injuries. Struck by injuries decreased steadily with increasing age and increasing time in the union. There was a steady increase in the rate of falls with increasing age. Overexertion injuries were responsible for the greatest proportion of costs for medical care, permanent impairment, and paid lost days. The high rates of overexertion injuries among these workers is consistent with known ergonomic stresses on drywall jobs. However, these workers are also at high risk of acute traumatic injuries.

Controlling new drugs under marketing regulations.

PubMed

Hughes, Brendan; Winstock, Adam R

2012-11-01

The rapid emergence of myriad substances openly marketed as 'legal highs' is straining traditional drug control systems which require time and basic scientific data on harms to react, presenting governments with the dilemma of no response or a disproportionate response. Some countries have side-stepped this using novel policy and legislative approaches. Should other countries consider them? We review the different laws invoked to stop the open sale of new psychoactive substances, focusing on the European Union (EU). Some countries have designed new catch-all control systems, or faster systems to classify substances as drugs. Others have enforced consumer safety or medicines legislation to stop the open sale of these products. The latter originate from harmonization of the internal market of the EU. Rigorous, objective evaluation is required, but first results suggest that these have been effective, while avoiding criminalization of users. Every EU country should have existing laws for protecting public health that can be applied swiftly yet proportionately to new drugs appearing on the open market with minimum political involvement. It seems the key is the speed, not the weight, of response. Given support for their enforcement mechanisms, these systems might be as effective and more efficient than the old ones. © 2011 The Authors, Addiction © 2011 Society for the Study of Addiction.

1. Photocopy of photograph (original print on file at La ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. Photocopy of photograph (original print on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) No information about photographer or date OFFICE, SOUTHWEST FRONT - Union Ranger District Compound, Office, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

12 CFR 741.222 - Credit union service organizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Credit union service organizations. 741.222 Section 741.222 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS..., including check cashing services, sale of negotiable checks, money orders, and electronic transaction...

12 CFR 741.211 - Advertising.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Advertising. 741.211 Section 741.211 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS REQUIREMENTS FOR... Also Apply to Federally Insured State-Chartered Credit Unions § 741.211 Advertising. Any credit union...

12 CFR 741.211 - Advertising.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Advertising. 741.211 Section 741.211 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS REQUIREMENTS FOR... Also Apply to Federally Insured State-Chartered Credit Unions § 741.211 Advertising. Any credit union...

12 CFR 741.211 - Advertising.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Advertising. 741.211 Section 741.211 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS REQUIREMENTS FOR... Also Apply to Federally Insured State-Chartered Credit Unions § 741.211 Advertising. Any credit union...

12 CFR 741.211 - Advertising.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Advertising. 741.211 Section 741.211 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS REQUIREMENTS FOR... Also Apply to Federally Insured State-Chartered Credit Unions § 741.211 Advertising. Any credit union...

12 CFR 741.211 - Advertising.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Advertising. 741.211 Section 741.211 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS REQUIREMENTS FOR... Also Apply to Federally Insured State-Chartered Credit Unions § 741.211 Advertising. Any credit union...

10. Photocopy of heating and electrical blueprint (on file at ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. Photocopy of heating and electrical blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1939 GUARD RESIDENCE - Union Ranger District Compound, Guard Residence, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

7. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1936 THREE-ROOM OFFICE (SHEET 5) - Union Ranger District Compound, Office, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

8. Photocopy of blue line drawing (on file at La ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. Photocopy of blue line drawing (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1939 DETAIL PLANTING PLAN, SERVICE BUILDINGS - Union Ranger District Compound, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

5. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1938 WAREHOUSE (SHEET 2 OF 2) - Union Ranger District Compound, Warehouse, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

7. Photocopy of architectural drawing (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. Photocopy of architectural drawing (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1939 RANGERS RESIDENCE, DETAILED PLANTING PLAN - Union Ranger Distric Compound, Rangers Residence, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

4. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1938 WAREHOUSE (SHEET 1 OF 2) - Union Ranger District Compound, Warehouse, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

4. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1939 OIL AND GAS BUILDING - Union Ranger District Compound, Oil & Gas House, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

9. Photocopy of architectural drawing (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. Photocopy of architectural drawing (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1958 OFFICE ADDITION (REVISED SHEET 2) - Union Ranger District Compound, Office, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

3. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1936 RANGERS RESIDENCE, GARAGE - Union Ranger District Compound, Garage-Rangers Residence, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

6. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1936 THREE-ROOM OFFICE (SHEET 4) - Union Ranger District Compound, Office, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

75 FR 71526 - Corporate Credit Unions, Technical Corrections

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-24

... NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION 12 CFR Part 704 RIN 3133-AD58 Corporate Credit Unions... request for comments. SUMMARY: NCUA is issuing technical corrections to its corporate credit union rule... for submitting comments. NCUA Web site: http://www.ncua.gov/Resources/RegulationsOpinionsLaws/Proposed...

Protecting Construction Worker Health and Safety in Ontario, Canada: Identifying a Union Safety Effect.

PubMed

Amick, Benjamin C; Hogg-Johnson, Sheilah; Latour-Villamil, Desiree; Saunders, Ron

2015-12-01

Do Ontario unionized construction firms have lower workers' compensation claims rates compared with nonunion firms? Building trade and construction trade association lists of union contractors were linked to Workplace Safety and Insurance Board claims data for 2006 to 2012. Data were pooled for 2006 to 2012, and negative binomial regressions conducted with adjustment to estimate a union safety effect. The sample included 5797 unionized and 38,626 nonunion construction firms. Total claims rates were 13% higher (1.13, 1.09 to 1.18) in unionized firms because of higher allowed no-lost-time claim rates (1.28, 1.23 to 1.34), whereas the lost-time claims rate was 14% lower (0.86, 0.82 to 0.91). Unionized construction firms compared with nonunion firms have higher no-lost-time and lower lost-time claims rates. Unionized firms may encourage occupational injury reporting and reduce risks through training and hazard identification and control strategies.

Conservative Management of Odontoid Peg Fractures, long term follow up.

PubMed

Osman, Aheed; Alageli, Nabil A; Short, D J; Masri, W S El

2017-01-01

The aim of the study was to look at the long-term effects of conservative management of odontoid peg fractures. We reviewed 48 consecutive patients with type II (32) and 16 type III, odontoid peg fractures. The clinical & radiological outcomes were assessed over an average period of follow up of 8 years. Union rate was determined and we discussed several factors that may affect it. Patients were treated conservatively with an average period of bed rest of 4 weeks followed by bracing for an average of 9 weeks. Bony union was established in 25 of 32 (78%) type II fractures. Of 7 cases of no bony union 4 were stable probably with fibrous union. 3 remained unstable. In 13 of 16(83%) type III fractures bony union was established. 2 of the 3 with no bony union were considered stable. Osseous non-union was higher in patients with displacement of >5 mm, but there is no correlation between union and age, gender or angulation of the fracture in both types.

Two Chikungunya isolates from the outbreak of La Reunion (Indian Ocean) exhibit different patterns of infection in the mosquito, Aedes albopictus.

PubMed

Vazeille, Marie; Moutailler, Sara; Coudrier, Daniel; Rousseaux, Claudine; Khun, Huot; Huerre, Michel; Thiria, Julien; Dehecq, Jean-Sébastien; Fontenille, Didier; Schuffenecker, Isabelle; Despres, Philippe; Failloux, Anna-Bella

2007-11-14

A Chikungunya (CHIK) outbreak hit La Réunion Island in 2005-2006. The implicated vector was Aedes albopictus. Here, we present the first study on the susceptibility of Ae. albopictus populations to sympatric CHIKV isolates from La Réunion Island and compare it to other virus/vector combinations. We orally infected 8 Ae. albopictus collections from La Réunion and 3 from Mayotte collected in March 2006 with two Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) from La Réunion: (i) strain 05.115 collected in June 2005 with an Alanine at the position 226 of the glycoprotein E1 and (ii) strain 06.21 collected in November 2005 with a substitution A226V. Two other CHIKV isolates and four additional mosquito strains/species were also tested. The viral titer of the infectious blood-meal was 10(7) plaque forming units (pfu)/mL. Dissemination rates were assessed by immunofluorescent staining on head squashes of surviving females 14 days after infection. Rates were at least two times higher with CHIKV 06.21 compared to CHIKV 05.115. In addition, 10 individuals were analyzed every day by quantitative RT-PCR. Viral RNA was quantified on (i) whole females and (ii) midguts and salivary glands of infected females. When comparing profiles, CHIKV 06.21 produced nearly 2 log more viral RNA copies than CHIKV 05.115. Furthermore, females infected with CHIKV 05.115 could be divided in two categories: weakly susceptible or strongly susceptible, comparable to those infected by CHIKV 06.21. Histological analysis detected the presence of CHIKV in salivary glands two days after infection. In addition, Ae. albopictus from La Réunion was as efficient vector as Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus from Vietnam when infected with the CHIKV 06.21. Our findings support the hypothesis that the CHIK outbreak in La Réunion Island was due to a highly competent vector Ae. albopictus which allowed an efficient replication and dissemination of CHIKV 06.21.

The effect of concentrated bone marrow aspirate in operative treatment of fifth metatarsal stress fractures; a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Weel, Hanneke; Mallee, Wouter H; van Dijk, C Niek; Blankevoort, Leendert; Goedegebuure, Simon; Goslings, J Carel; Kennedy, John G; Kerkhoffs, Gino M M J

2015-08-20

Fifth metatarsal (MT-V) stress fractures often exhibit delayed union and are high-risk fractures for non-union. Surgical treatment, currently considered as the gold standard, does not give optimal results, with a mean time to fracture union of 12-18 weeks. In recent studies, the use of bone marrow cells has been introduced to accelerate healing of fractures with union problems. The aim of this randomized trial is to determine if operative treatment of MT-V stress fractures with use of concentrated blood and bone marrow aspirate (cB + cBMA) is more effective than surgery alone. We hypothesize that using cB + cBMA in the operative treatment of MT-V stress fractures will lead to an earlier fracture union. A prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted in an academic medical center in the Netherlands. Ethics approval is received. 50 patients will be randomized to either operative treatment with cB + cBMA, harvested from the iliac crest, or operative treatment without cB + cBMA but with a sham-treatment of the iliac crest. The fracture fixation is the same in both groups, as is the post-operative care.. Follow up will be one year. The primary outcome measure is time to union in weeks on X-ray. Secondary outcome measures are time to resumption of work and sports, functional outcomes (SF-36, FAOS, FAAM), complication rate, composition of osteoprogenitors in cB + cBMA and cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, a bone biopsy is taken from every stress fracture and analysed histologically to determine the stage of the stress fracture. The difference in primary endpoint between the two groups is analysed using student's t-test or equivalent. This trial will likely provide level-I evidence on the effectiveness of cB + cBMA in the operative treatment of MT-V stress fractures. Netherlands Trial Register (reg.nr NTR4377 ).

Role of autologous non-vascularised intramedullary fibular strut graft in humeral shaft nonunions following failed plating.

PubMed

Kashayi-Chowdojirao, Sreekanth; Vallurupalli, Aashish; Chilakamarri, Vijay Krishna; Patnala, Chandrasekhar; Chodavarapu, Lalith Mohan; Kancherla, Nageswara Rao; Khazi Syed, Asif Hussain

2017-11-01

Non-union humeral shaft fractures are seen frequently in clinical practice at about 2-10% in conservative management and 30% in surgically operated patients. Osteosynthesis using dynamic compression plate (DCP), intramedullary nailing, locking compression plate (LCP), Ilizarov technique along with bone grafting have been reported previously. In cases of prior failed plate-screw osteosynthesis the resultant osteopenia, cortical defect, bone loss, scalloping around screws and metallosis, make the management of non-union more complicated. Fibular graft as an intramedullary strut is useful in these conditions by increasing screw purchase, union and mechanical stability. This study is a retrospective and prospective follow up of revision plating along with autologous non-vascularised intramedullary fibular strut graft (ANVFG) for humeral non-unions following failed plate osteosynthesis. Seventy eight cases of nonunion humeral shaft fractures were managed in our institute between 2008 and 2015. Of these, 57 cases were failed plate osteosynthesis, in which 15 cases were infected and 42 cases were noninfected. Out of the 78 cases, bone grafting was done in 55 cases. Fibular strut graft was used in 22 patients, of which 4 cases were of primary nonunion with osteoporotic bone. Applying the exclusion criteria of infection and inclusion criteria of failed plate osteosynthesis managed with revision plating using either LCP or DCP and ANVFG, 17 cases were studied. The mean age of the patients was 40.11 yrs (range: 26-57 yrs). The mean duration of non-union was 4.43 yrs (range: 0.5-14 yrs). The mean follow-up period was 33.41 months (range: 12-94 months). The average length of fibula was 10.7 cm (range: 6-15 cm). Main outcome measurements included bony union by radiographic assessment and pre- and postoperative functional evaluation using the DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) score. Results: Sixteen out of 17 fractures united following revision plating and fibular strut grafting. Average time taken for union was 3.5 months (range: 3-5 months). Complications included one each of implant failure with bending, transient radial nerve palsy and transient ulnar nerve palsy. No case had infection, graft site morbidity or peroneal nerve palsy. Functional assessment by DASH score improved from 59.14 (range: 43.6-73.21) preoperatively to 23.39 (range: 8.03-34.2) postoperatively (p = 0.0003). Conclusion: The results of our study indicate that revision plating along with ANVFG is a reliable option in humeral diaphyseal non-unions with failed plate-screw osteosynthesis providing adequate screw purchase, mechanical stability and high chances of union with good functional outcome.

Message sidedness in advertising: the moderating roles of need for cognition and time pressure in persuasion.

PubMed

Kao, Danny Tengti

2011-08-01

Persuasion has been extensively researched for decades. Much of this research has focused on different message tactics and their effects on persuasion (e.g., Chang & Chou, 2008; Lafferty, 1999). This research aims to assess whether the persuasion of a specific type of message is influenced by need for cognition (NFC) and time pressure. The 336 undergraduates participated in a 2 (message sidedness: one-sided/two-sided) × 3 (time pressure: low/moderate/high) between-subjects design. Results indicate that two-sided messages tend to elicit more favorable ad attitudes than one-sided messages. As compared with low-NFC individuals, high-NFC individuals are likely to express more favorable ad attitudes, brand attitudes and purchase intention. Moderate time pressure tends to lead to more favorable ad attitudes than low time pressure and high time pressure. In addition, moderate time pressure is likely to elicit more favorable brand attitudes and purchase intentions than high time pressure, but does not elicit more favorable brand attitudes and purchase intentions than low time pressure. Furthermore, when high-NFC individuals are under low or moderate time pressure, two-sided messages are more persuasive than one-sided messages; however, message sidedness does not differentially affect the persuasion when high-NFC individuals are pressed for time. In contrast, one-sided messages are more persuasive than two-sided messages when low-NFC individuals are under low or high time pressure, and two-sided messages are more persuasive than one-sided messages when low-NFC individuals are under moderate time pressure. © 2011 The Author. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology © 2011 The Scandinavian Psychological Associations.

75 FR 80678 - Conversions of Insured Credit Unions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-23

... Conversions of Insured Credit Unions AGENCY: National Credit Union Administration (NCUA). ACTION: Interim... of the phrase ``Regional Director'' in NCUA's rule on credit union to mutual savings bank conversions and to add the same revised definition of that phrase to NCUA's rule on conversions to nonfederal...

12 CFR 704.5 - Investments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... corporate credit union may invest in: (1) Securities, deposits, and obligations set forth in Sections 107(7... securities are legal investments for that corporate credit union; (3) The corporate credit union, directly or... reported daily and the tri-party agent ensures compliance. (e) Securities lending. A corporate credit union...

12 CFR 704.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... mortgage related security. Core capital means the sum of a corporate credit union's retained earnings, and... repurchase the same security at a specified time in the future. The corporate credit union then sells that... which the corporate credit union is obligated to return the security to its member credit union...

7. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1938 GUARD RESIDENCE (SHEET 2 OF 4) - Union Ranger District Compound, Guard Residence, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

9. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1938 GUARD RESIDENCE (SHEET 4 OF 4) - Union Ranger District Compound, Guard Residence, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

6. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at the La ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at the La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1938 GUARD RESIDENCE (SHEET 1 OF 4) - Union Ranger District Compound, Guard Residence, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

8. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1938 GUARD RESIDENCE (SHEET 3 OF 4) - Union Ranger District Compound, Guard Residence, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

The First Attempts to Unionize the Faculty

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cain, Timothy Reese

2010-01-01

Background/Context: Faculty unionization is an important topic in modern higher education, but the history of the phenomenon has not yet been fully considered. This article brings together issues of professionalization and unionization and provides needed historical background to ongoing unionization efforts and debates. Purpose/Objective/Research…

Land Change in Russia since 2000

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Beurs, K.; Ioffe, G.; Nefedova, T.

2010-12-01

Agricultural reform has been an important anthropogenic change process shaping landscapes in European Russia since the formal collapse of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991. Widespread land abandonment is perhaps the most evident side effect of the reform, even visible in synoptic imagery. While land abandonment as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union is relatively well documented, few studies have investigated the unfolding process of abandonment that results from rural population declines. Russia’s population is projected to shrink by a staggering 29% by 2050 and population dynamics are predicted to play a significant role structuring rural landscapes across European Russia. While often treated as a unified whole with respect to agricultural reform, significant regional diversity exists in Russia. Official statistics at the rayon (county) level are typically skewed toward large-scale farming and farm data from important household productions are summarized into regional averages. In addition, data at sub-district level can often only be obtained by visiting rural administrators in person. Large scale official data thus need to be interpreted with caution. Here we present data collected during the summer of 2010 from representative settlements and enterprises in selected counties within the oblasts (states) of Kostroma and Samara. These field data will provide an initial overview of the economic and social state in modern rural western Russia. We will combine the field data with established socio-demographic observations as well as satellite observations at multiple scales to understand the effect of global change and to project future developments.

The European Medicines Agency Review of Pixantrone for the Treatment of Adult Patients With Multiply Relapsed or Refractory Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's B-Cell Lymphomas: Summary of the Scientific Assessment of the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use

PubMed Central

Flores, Beatriz; Hudson, Ian; Sjöberg, Jan; Dunder, Kristina; Salmonson, Tomas; Gisselbrecht, Christian; Laane, Edward; Pignatti, Francesco

2013-01-01

On May 10, 2012, the European Commission issued a conditional marketing authorization valid throughout the European Union for pixantrone for the treatment of adult patients with multiply relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma (NHL). Pixantrone is a cytotoxic aza-anthracenedione that directly alkylates DNA-forming stable DNA adducts and cross-strand breaks. The recommended dose of pixantrone is 50 mg/m2 administered on days 1, 8, and 15 of each 28-day cycle for up to 6 cycles. In the main study submitted for this application, a significant difference in response rate (proportion of complete responses and unconfirmed complete responses) was observed in favor of pixantrone (20.0% vs. 5.7% for pixantrone and physician's best choice, respectively), supported by the results of secondary endpoints of median progression-free and overall survival times (increase of 2.7 and 2.6 months, respectively). The most common side effects with pixantrone were bone marrow suppression (particularly of the neutrophil lineage) nausea, vomiting, and asthenia. This article summarizes the scientific review of the application leading to approval in the European Union. The detailed scientific assessment report and product information, including the summary of product characteristics, are available on the European Medicines Agency website (http://www.ema.europa.eu). PMID:23615696

Minimally invasive locked plating of distal tibia fractures is safe and effective.

PubMed

Ronga, Mario; Longo, Umile Giuseppe; Maffulli, Nicola

2010-04-01

Distal tibial fractures are difficult to manage. Limited soft tissue and poor vascularity impose limitations for traditional plating techniques that require large exposures. The nature of the limitations for traditional plating techniques is intrinsic to the large exposure required to approach distal tibia, a bone characterized by limited soft tissue coverage and poor vascularity. The locking plate (LP) is a new device for treatment of fractures. We assessed the bone union rate, deformity, leg-length discrepancy, ankle range of motion, return to preinjury activities, infection, and complication rate in 21 selected patients who underwent minimally invasive osteosynthesis of closed distal tibia fractures with an LP. According to the AO classification, there were 12 Type A, 5 Type B, and 4 Type C fractures. The minimum followup was 2 years (average, 2.8 years; range, 2-4 years). Two patients were lost to followup. Union was achieved in all but one patient by the 24th postoperative week. Four patients had angular deformity less than 7 degrees . No patient had a leg-length discrepancy more than 1.1 cm. Five patients had ankle range of motion less than 20 degrees compared with the contralateral side. Sixteen patients had not returned to their preinjury sporting or leisure activities. Three patients developed a delayed infection. We judge the LP a reasonable device for treating distal tibia fractures. The level of physical activities appears permanently reduced in most patients. Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Soft-plastic brace for lower limb fractures in patients with spinal cord injury.

PubMed

Uehara, K; Akai, M; Kubo, T; Yamasaki, N; Okuma, Y; Tobimatsu, Y; Iwaya, T

2013-04-01

Retrospective study at a rehabilitation center. Patients with spinal cord injury, even if they are wheelchair users, sometimes suffer from fractures of the lower limb bones. As their bones are too weak to have surgery, and because a precise reduction is not required for restoration, such patients are often indicated for conservative treatment. This case series study investigated the use of a hinged, soft-plastic brace as a conservative approach to treating fractures of the lower extremities of patients with spinal cord injury. National Rehabilitation Center, Japan. Fifteen patients (male, n=10; female, n=5; average age, 52.7 years) with 19 fractures of the femur or the tibia who were treated with a newly-developed hinged, soft-plastic brace were studied. All of them used wheelchairs. We analyzed the time taken for fracture union and for wearing orthotics, degree of malalignment, femorotibial angle and side effects. The fractures in this series were caused by relatively low-energy impact. The average time taken for fracture union was 80.1 (37-189) days, and the average amount of time spent wearing orthotics was 77.9 (42-197) days. On final X-ray imaging, the average femorotibial angle was 176.9° (s.d. ±8.90), and 15° of misalignment in the sagittal plane occurred in one patient. A hinged, soft-plastic brace is a useful option as a conservative approach for treating fractures of the lower extremities in patients with spinal cord injury.

Labor unions in medicine: the intersection of patient advocacy and self-advocacy.

PubMed

Manthous, Constantine A

2014-05-01

Labor unions have been a weak force in the medical marketplace. To briefly review the history of physicians' and nurses' labor unions, explore the ethics of unions in medicine, and offer a solution that simultaneously serves patients and professionals. A selective review of the literature. Labor unions of medical professionals pose an ethical quandary, that is a tension between selfless patient advocacy versus self-advocacy. The primary role of labor unions has been to extract from management benefits for employees. The threat of work actions is the primary tool that labor unions can apply to encourage management to negotiate mutually acceptable conditions of employment. Work actions-namely slow-downs and strikes-may harm patients and may therefore run afoul of professionals' primary duty to the primacy of patients' welfare. An alternative model is offered wherein medical unions align self-centered and patient-centered interests and leverage the Public Good, in the form of public opinion, to encourage good-faith bargaining with management. As medicine becomes increasingly corporatized, physicians will join nurses in "at-will employment" arrangements whereby self-advocacy and patient advocacy may be impacted. Although labor unions have been a means of counterbalancing unchecked discretion of corporate management, conventional labor unions may run afoul of medical ethical principles. Reconsideration and innovation, to address this ethical dilemma, could provide a solution that aligns both clinicians' and patients' welfare.

The Role of Labor Unions in Creating Working Conditions That Promote Public Health

PubMed Central

Paras, Claudia Alexandra; Greenwich, Howard; Hagopian, Amy

2016-01-01

We sought to portray how collective bargaining contracts promote public health, beyond their known effect on individual, family, and community well-being. In November 2014, we created an abstraction tool to identify health-related elements in 16 union contracts from industries in the Pacific Northwest. After enumerating the contract-protected benefits and working conditions, we interviewed union organizers and members to learn how these promoted health. Labor union contracts create higher wage and benefit standards, working hours limits, workplace hazards protections, and other factors. Unions also promote well-being by encouraging democratic participation and a sense of community among workers. Labor union contracts are largely underutilized, but a potentially fertile ground for public health innovation. Public health practitioners and labor unions would benefit by partnering to create sophisticated contracts to address social determinants of health. PMID:27077343

Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production on Waste Water Treatment Plants: Process Scheme, Operating Conditions and Potential Analysis for German and European Municipal Waste Water Treatment Plants

PubMed Central

Pittmann, Timo; Steinmetz, Heidrun

2017-01-01

This work describes the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) as a side stream process on a municipal waste water treatment plant (WWTP) and a subsequent analysis of the production potential in Germany and the European Union (EU). Therefore, tests with different types of sludge from a WWTP were investigated regarding their volatile fatty acids (VFA) production-potential. Afterwards, primary sludge was used as substrate to test a series of operating conditions (temperature, pH, retention time (RT) and withdrawal (WD)) in order to find suitable settings for a high and stable VFA production. In a second step, various tests regarding a high PHA production and stable PHA composition to determine the influence of substrate concentration, temperature, pH and cycle time of an installed feast/famine-regime were conducted. Experiments with a semi-continuous reactor operation showed that a short RT of 4 days and a small WD of 25% at pH = 6 and around 30 °C is preferable for a high VFA production rate (PR) of 1913 mgVFA/(L×d) and a stable VFA composition. A high PHA production up to 28.4% of cell dry weight (CDW) was reached at lower substrate concentration, 20 °C, neutral pH-value and a 24 h cycle time. A final step a potential analysis, based on the results and detailed data from German waste water treatment plants, showed that the theoretically possible production of biopolymers in Germany amounts to more than 19% of the 2016 worldwide biopolymer production. In addition, a profound estimation regarding the EU showed that in theory about 120% of the worldwide biopolymer production (in 2016) could be produced on European waste water treatment plants. PMID:28952533

Double angle seal forming lubricant film

DOEpatents

Ernst, William D.

1984-01-01

A lubricated piston rod seal which inhibits gas leaking from a high pressure chamber on one side of the seal to a low pressure chamber on the other side of the seal. A liquid is supplied to the surface of the piston rod on the low pressure side of the seal. This liquid acts as lubricant for the seal and provides cooling for the rod. The seal, which can be a plastic, elastomer or other material with low elastic modulus, is designed to positively pump lubricant through the piston rod/seal interface in both directions when the piston rod is reciprocating. The capacity of the seal to pump lubricant from the low pressure side to the high pressure side is less than its capacity to pump lubricant from the high pressure side to the low pressure side which ensures that there is zero net flow of lubricant to the high pressure side of the seal. The film of lubricant between the seal and the rod minimizes any sliding contact and prevents the leakage of gas. Under static conditions gas leakage is prevented by direct contact between the seal and the rod.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Alam, Ujjaini; Lasue, Jeremie, E-mail: ujjaini.alam@gmail.com, E-mail: jeremie.lasue@irap.omp.eu

We examine three SNe Type Ia datasets: Union2.1, JLA and Panstarrs to check their consistency using cosmology blind statistical analyses as well as cosmological parameter fitting. We find that the Panstarrs dataset is the most stable of the three to changes in the data, although it does not, at the moment, go to high enough redshifts to tightly constrain the equation of state of dark energy, w . The Union2.1, drawn from several different sources, appears to be somewhat susceptible to changes within the dataset. The JLA reconstructs well for a smaller number of cosmological parameters. At higher degrees ofmore » freedom, the dependence of its errors on redshift can lead to varying results between subsets. Panstarrs is inconsistent with the other two datasets at about 2σ confidence level, and JLA and Union2.1 are about 1σ away from each other. For the Ω{sub 0} {sub m} − w cosmological reconstruction, with no additional data, the 1σ range of values in w for selected subsets of each dataset is two times larger for JLA and Union2.1 as compared to Panstarrs. The range in Ω{sub 0} {sub m} for the same subsets remains approximately similar for all three datasets. We find that although there are differences in the fitting and correction techniques used in the different samples, the most important criterion is the selection of the SNe, a slightly different SNe selection can lead to noticeably different results both in the purely statistical analysis and in cosmological reconstruction. We note that a single, high quality low redshift sample could help decrease the uncertainties in the result. We also note that lack of homogeneity in the magnitude errors may bias the results and should either be modeled, or its effect neutralized by using other, complementary datasets. A supernova sample with high quality data at both high and low redshifts, constructed from a few surveys to avoid heterogeneity in the sample, and with homogeneous errors, would result in a more robust cosmological reconstruction.« less

Mantle heterogeneity in the source region of mid-ocean ridge basalts along the northern Central Indian Ridge (8°S-17°S)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Jonguk; Pak, Sang-Joon; Moon, Jai-Woon; Lee, Sang-Mook; Oh, Jihye; Stuart, Finlay M.

2017-04-01

The northern Central Indian Ridge (CIR) between 8°S and 17°S is composed of seven segments whose spreading rates increase southward from ˜35 to ˜40 mm/yr. During expeditions of R/V Onnuri to study hydrothermal activity on the northern CIR in 2009-2011, high-resolution multibeam mapping was conducted and ridge axis basalts were dredged. The major and trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb-He isotopic compositions of basaltic glasses dredged from the spreading axis require three mantle sources: depleted mantle and two distinct enriched mantle sources. The southern segments have Sr, Nd, and Pb that are a mix of depleted mantle and an enriched component as recorded in southern CIR MORB. This enrichment is indistinguishable from Rèunion plume mantle, except for He isotopes. This suggests that the southern segments have incorporated a contribution of the fossil Rèunion plume mantle, as the CIR migrated over hot-spot-modified mantle. The low 3He/4He (7.5-9.2 RA) of this enriched component may result from radiogenic 4He ingrowth in the fossil Rèunion mantle component. Basalts from the northern segments have high 206Pb/204Pb (18.53-19.15) and low 87Sr/86Sr (0.70286-0.70296) that are distinct from the Rèunion plume but consistent with derivation from mantle with FOZO signature, albeit with 3He/4He (9.2-11.8 RA) that are higher than typical. The FOZO-like enriched mantle cannot be attributed to the track of a nearby mantle plume. Instead, this enrichment may have resulted from recycling oceanic crust, possibly accompanied by small plume activity.

Declining rates of work-related overexertion back injuries among union drywall installers in Washington State, 1989-2008: Improved work safety or shifting of care?

PubMed

Schoenfisch, Ashley L; Lipscomb, Hester J; Marshall, Stephen W; Casteel, Carri; Richardson, David B; Brookhart, M Alan; Cameron, Wilfrid

2014-02-01

Construction workers are at high risk of work-related musculoskeletal back disorders, and research suggests medical care and costs associated with these conditions may be covered by sources other than workers' compensation (WC). Little is known about the back injury experience and care seeking behavior among drywall installers, a high-risk workgroup regularly exposed to repetitive activities, awkward postures, and handling heavy building materials. Among a cohort of 24,830 Washington State union carpenters (1989-2008), including 5,073 drywall installers, we identified WC claims, visits for health care covered through union-provided health insurance and time at risk. Rates of work-related overexertion back injuries (defined using WC claims data) and health care utilization for musculoskeletal back disorders covered by private health insurance were examined and contrasted over time and by worker characteristics, stratified by type of work (drywall installation, other carpentry). Drywall installers' work-related overexertion back injury rates exceeded those of other carpenters (adjusted IRR 1.63, 95% CI 1.48-1.78). For both carpentry groups, rates declined significantly over time. In contrast, rates of private healthcare utilization for musculoskeletal back disorders were similar for drywall installers compared to other carpenters; they increased over time (after the mid-1990s), with increasing years in the union, and with increasing numbers of work-related overexertion back injuries. Observed declines over time in the rate of work-related overexertion back injury, as based on WC claims data, is encouraging. However, results add to the growing literature suggesting care for work-related conditions may be being sought outside of the WC system. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Unionizing: A Guide for Child Care Workers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whitebook, Marcy; And Others

Including excerpts from contracts protecting unionized child care workers, this booklet explains basic terminology and facts about unionizing and addresses child care workers' concerns. Section 1 answers commonly asked questions about unions and offers advice about how to answer parents' questions about workers' attempts to organize. Section 2…

Unions, Vitamins, Exercise: Unionized Graduate Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dewberry, David R.

2005-01-01

After the turbulent labor history of America in the early to mid twentieth century, there has been a general decline of unions. Nevertheless, many graduate school teaching assistants are unionizing in attempts to gain better pay and benefits and remove themselves from an "Ivory Sweatshop." This article discusses a history of unions…

Union Type and Depressive Symptoms among Mexican Adults

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schmeer, Kammi K.; Kroeger, Rhiannon A.

2011-01-01

Diversity in union type is increasing around the world as cohabitation and higher order unions become more prevalent in developing and developed countries. This necessitates a more nuanced understanding of how different union types relate to individual well-being across social settings. In this study, the authors analyze nationally-representative…

12 CFR 701.35 - Share, share draft, and share certificate accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF FEDERAL CREDIT UNIONS § 701.35 Share, share draft, and share certificate accounts. (a) Federal credit unions may offer share, share draft, and share...) A Federal credit union shall accurately represent the terms and conditions of its share, share draft...

12 CFR 701.35 - Share, share draft, and share certificate accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF FEDERAL CREDIT UNIONS § 701.35 Share, share draft, and share certificate accounts. (a) Federal credit unions may offer share, share draft, and share...) A Federal credit union shall accurately represent the terms and conditions of its share, share draft...

12 CFR 701.35 - Share, share draft, and share certificate accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF FEDERAL CREDIT UNIONS § 701.35 Share, share draft, and share certificate accounts. (a) Federal credit unions may offer share, share draft, and share...) A Federal credit union shall accurately represent the terms and conditions of its share, share draft...

12 CFR 708a.12 - Voting incentives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Voting incentives. 708a.12 Section 708a.12 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS CONVERSION OF INSURED CREDIT UNIONS TO MUTUAL SAVINGS BANKS § 708a.12 Voting incentives. If a converting credit union...

Teaching Assistant Unionization: Origins and Implications.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rogow, Robert; Birch, Daniel R.

1984-01-01

Teaching assistants are unionized at most large Ontario and British Columbia universities. The institutions tend to be urban, have large graduate enrollments, and have faced greater budgetary concerns at the time of unionization. Canada's public policy and labor relations decisions have favored unionization more than the United States's have. (MSE)

78 FR 45571 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Submission to OMB for Reinstatement, With Change, of a...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-29

... NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION Agency Information Collection Activities: Submission to OMB... Credit Union Administration (NCUA). ACTION: Request for comment. SUMMARY: The NCUA intends to submit the... regulates ownership of fixed assets by federal credit unions. This rule ensures that federal credit unions...

Unions Striking Back at Bills to Curb Labor

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sawchuk, Stephen

2011-01-01

Besieged by state proposals to eviscerate collective bargaining, eliminate teacher tenure, and make it harder to collect dues, teachers' unions are fighting back. Lawsuits supported by local union affiliates have for now blocked anti-union legislation in Alabama and Wisconsin. E-mail "blasts," phone banks, and rallies are also among the…

"New and Improved" Teacher Unionism: But Will It Wash?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kerchner, Charles; Koppich, Julia; Weeres, Joseph

1998-01-01

Unions are increasingly advocating for teaching as an occupation and for public education as an American institution. New and improved unionism is replacing teachers as industrial workers with teachers as knowledge workers empowered to devise educational solutions from the classroom up. Unions' new vision will be organized around quality,…

Are Charter School Unions Worth the Bargain?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Price, Mitch

2011-01-01

About 12 percent of all charter schools have bargaining agreements. Why do charter schools unionize? What is in these charter school contracts? Can they be considered innovative or models for union reform? And how do they compare to traditional district/union teacher contracts? Center on Reinventing Public Education legal analyst Mitch Price…

12 CFR 704.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

.... Adjusted trading means any method or transaction whereby a corporate credit union sells a security to a... corporate credit union purchases a security from one of its member credit unions under agreement by that member credit union to repurchase the same security at a specified time in the future. The corporate...

12 CFR 703.14 - Permissible investments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) is a domestic interest rate. (b) Corporate credit union shares or deposits. A Federal credit union may purchase shares or deposits in a corporate credit union, except where the NCUA Board has notified it that the corporate credit union is not operating in compliance with...

The Woman's Voice in Andean Labor Unions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greaves, Thomas C.

1986-01-01

Women have attained leadership roles in the struggle for improvements among workers in Peruvian and Bolivian unions. Three modalities of women's involvement are the following: (1) spouse of a union member; (2) minority unionist; and (3) union leader. Women's perceptions of their power and men's exclusionary attitudes influence these organizational…

Users and Union Catalogues

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hartley, R. J.; Booth, Helen

2006-01-01

Union catalogues have had an important place in libraries for many years. Their use has been little investigated. Recent interest in the relative merits of physical and virtual union catalogues and a recent collaborative project between a physical and several virtual union catalogues in the United Kingdom led to the opportunity to study how users…

Community Services Counseling through Labor Unions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vega, Anthony

A community services counseling project was provided through a program for assisting unemployed union and non-union workers. At least 25 local unions in Middlesex County, New Jersey, participated in the effort. Thirty unemployed workers were screened and given an intensive training course in personal skills development, the role of the union…

Learning, Labour and Union Learning Representatives: Promoting Workplace Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ball, Malcolm

2011-01-01

The initiative by the Trades Union Congress (TUC) and affiliated trade unions in the UK to appoint trade union learning representatives (ULRs), to promote learning among their members, is a significant development in adult learning. Understandably, the initiative has attracted the attention of academic researchers, but primarily from the…

12 CFR 725.4 - Agent membership.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Agent membership. 725.4 Section 725.4 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION CENTRAL LIQUIDITY FACILITY § 725.4 Agent membership. (a) A central credit union or a group of...

Union Members Are Community Members

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gray, David

2013-01-01

Unions serve their members' interests. But union members are also community members, and their interests go well beyond increasing pay and benefits. A local union president has found that his members are best served by participating in a community-wide coalition. Providing eyeglasses to needy students, promoting healthy eating, and increasing…

Teacher Unions' Participation in Policy Making: A South African Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Govender, Logan

2015-01-01

This article contends that teacher unions' participation in policy making during South Africa's political transition was characterised by assertion of ideological identity (unionism and professionalism) and the cultivation of policy networks and alliances. It is argued that, historically, while teacher unions were divided along political and…

Eleventh All-Union Conference on High-Molecular-Weight Compounds

DTIC Science & Technology

1960-07-18

report of B. P. Yershov (Scientific Research Institute for Plastics) on the employment of high-frequency titration for the analysis of polymer materials...development of a new thermometric method of control in the production of synthetic materials based on polyethylacrylates. In the reports and communications

Relationship between achievement goal orientations and the perceived purposes of playing rugby union for professional and amateur players.

PubMed

Treasure, D C; Carpenter, P J; Power, K T

2000-08-01

The recent professionalization of rugby union makes it an excellent achievement context in which to examine the relationship between achievement goal orientations and the perceived purposes of sport as a function of competitive standard. During the 1996-97 season, 73 professional and 106 amateur rugby players in England completed a series of questionnaires assessing their achievement goal orientations, beliefs about the purposes of rugby and demographic information. The results of a canonical correlation analysis revealed a conceptually coherent relationship between achievement goal orientations and purposes of rugby. Specifically, a high ego/moderate task orientation was positively related to fitness, aggression and financial remuneration as significant purposes of rugby. Professional players scored higher on those purposes of rugby related to aggression, financial remuneration and fitness, but lower on sportspersonship than amateur players. Professional players also reported higher task and ego goal orientations than amateur players. The findings are discussed in terms of the differences in lifestyle and motivation of professional and amateur rugby union players.

Treatment of Nonunion of Scaphoid Waist with Ni-Ti Shape-Memory Alloy Connector and Iliac Bone Graft

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cao, Lie-Hu; Xu, Shuo-Gui; Wu, Ya-Le; Zhang, Chun-Cai

2011-07-01

After fracture, the unique anatomy and blood supply of the scaphoid itself predisposes to nonunion. Scaphoid nonunion presents a formidable challenge to surgeons because of the difficulties for fixation, and the high failure rate after treatment. The Ni-Ti shape-memory alloy can provide compressive stress at the nonunion site, which is the key point for bone healing. Hence, we designed a shape-memory bone connector named arched shape-memory connector (ASC). We conducted a retrospective study looking at the union rate and complications and correlating the outcome of treatment with this device. The study reviewed a cohort of six consecutive patients presenting with scaphoid waist nonunion, who were treated with ASC and iliac cancellous bone grafting at our center from August 2002 to December 2007. The patients with nonunion achieved a 100% union rate. All the patients who achieved union had good pain relief and improved function. Our study demonstrates that scaphoid waist nonunions can be successfully treated by ASC and iliac bone grafting.

Reduced rates of non-union with modified periacetabular osteotomy using peracetic-acid sterilized cancellous allografts.

PubMed

Wassilew, Georgi I; Janz, Viktor; Renner, Lisa; Perka, Carsten; Pruss, Axel

2016-12-01

The objective of the present study was to analyze the clinical and radiological results of periacetabular osteotomies (PAO) using Kirschner wire fixation and an allogeneic cancellous bone graft. This retrospective cohort study included 73 patients (85 PAOs). The allografts were processed from distal femur of cadaveric donors, defatted, sterilized with a peracetic-acid ethanol solution and freeze-dried. The clinical outcome, as measured by the Harris Hip Scores (HHS), the complication rate and the acetabular correction, as measured by radiological parameters, were compared. The postoperative femoral head coverage and HSS were significantly improved. Major complications occurred in five cases (6 %), but in no case did we observe a non-union or a graft-associated adverse effect. Fixation of the acetabular fragment with Kirschner wires in combination with an allogeneic cancellous bone graft is a safe method, with a low complication rate, no loss of correction and can prevent the occurrence of non-union with a high degree of probability.

Ankle fusion for definitive management of non-reconstructable pilon fractures.

PubMed

Bozic, Vladimir; Thordarson, David B; Hertz, Jennifer

2008-09-01

Highly comminuted pilon fractures, especially with a compromised soft tissue envelope, present a challenging treatment scenario. This study presents our results for patients managed with ankle fusion rather than ORIF. Fourteen patients with ankle joint incongruence after non-reconstructable tibia pilon fractures were treated with primary tibiotalar arthrodesis using a fixed-angle cannulated blade plate. Delayed metaphyseal unions due to bone defects were treated concurrently. The subtalar joint was preserved in all cases. Metaphyseal healing and stable arthrodesis was obtained in each case. There was one case of blade plate breakage in a patient who still achieved successful arthrodesis without reoperation. Union was achieved at an average of 15 weeks. No secondary procedures were required to obtain union. All 14 patients were ambulatory at last followup. Average followup was 39 weeks. Primary ankle arthrodesis can be achieved using a cannulated blade plate to address a non-reconstructable articular surface and metaphyseal bone defects in complex tibia pilon fractures.

Nonmarital Childbearing, Union History, and Women's Health at Midlife*

PubMed Central

Williams, Kristi; Sassler, Sharon; Frech, Adrianne; Addo, Fenaba; Cooksey, Elizabeth

2011-01-01

Despite high rates of nonmarital childbearing in the U.S., little is known about the health of women who have nonmarital births. We use data from the NLSY79 to examine differences in age 40 self-assessed health between women who had a premarital birth and those whose first birth occurred within marriage. We then differentiate women with a premarital first birth according to their subsequent union histories and estimate the effect of marrying or cohabiting versus remaining never-married on midlife self-assessed health, paying particular attention to the paternity status of the mother's partner and the stability of marital unions. To partially address selection bias, we employ multivariate propensity score techniques. Results suggest that premarital childbearing is negatively associated with midlife health for white and black (but not Hispanic) women. We find no evidence that these negative health consequences of nonmarital childbearing are mitigated by either marriage or cohabitation for black women. For other women, only enduring marriage to the biological father is associated with better health than remaining unpartnered. PMID:22199398

Single European currency and Monetary Union. Macroeconomic implications for pharmaceutical spending.

PubMed

Kanavos, P

1998-01-01

This article examines the potential implications of introducing a single currency among the Member States of the European Union for national pharmaceutical prices and spending. In doing so, it provides a brief account of the direct effects of introducing a single currency on pharmaceutical business. These are static in nature and include the elimination of exchange rate volatility and transaction costs, increased price transparency and limited potential for parallel trade. It subsequently analyses the potential medium and long term macroeconomic policy choices facing the Member States and their impact on pharmaceutical spending following the introduction of a single currency. These include policy directions in order to meet the Maastricht convergence criteria in the run-up to forming an Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the implications of EMU on national macroeconomic policy thereafter. This article argues that the necessity for tight fiscal policies across the EU and, in particular, in those Member States facing high budget deficits and overall debt levels, will continue to exert considerable downward pressure on pharmaceutical spending.

Test of the cosmic evolution using Gaussian processes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Ming-Jian; Xia, Jun-Qing, E-mail: zhangmj@ihep.ac.cn, E-mail: xiajq@bnu.edu.cn

2016-12-01

Much focus was on the possible slowing down of cosmic acceleration under the dark energy parametrization. In the present paper, we investigate this subject using the Gaussian processes (GP), without resorting to a particular template of dark energy. The reconstruction is carried out by abundant data including luminosity distance from Union2, Union2.1 compilation and gamma-ray burst, and dynamical Hubble parameter. It suggests that slowing down of cosmic acceleration cannot be presented within 95% C.L., in considering the influence of spatial curvature and Hubble constant. In order to reveal the reason of tension between our reconstruction and previous parametrization constraint formore » Union2 data, we compare them and find that slowing down of acceleration in some parametrization is only a ''mirage'. Although these parameterizations fits well with the observational data, their tension can be revealed by high order derivative of distance D. Instead, GP method is able to faithfully model the cosmic expansion history.« less

Fuel switching in the electricity sector under the EU ETS: Review and prospective

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Delarue, E.; Voorspools, K.; D'haeseleer, W.

2008-06-15

The European Union has implemented the European Union emission trading scheme (EU ETS) as an instrument to facilitate greenhouse gas (GHG) emission abatement stipulated in the Kyoto protocol. Empirical data show that in the early stages of the EU ETS, the value of a ton of CO{sub 2} has already led to emission abatement through switching from coal to gas in the European electric power sector. In the second part of this paper, an electricity generation simulation model is used to perform simulations on the switching behavior in both the first and the second trading periods of the EU ETS.more » In 2005, the reduction in GHG emissions in the electric power sector due to EU ETS is estimated close to 88 Mton. For the second trading period, a European Union allowance (EUA) price dependent GHG reduction curve has been determined. The obtained switching potential turns out to be significant, up to 300 Mton/year, at sufficiently high EUA prices.« less

Synthesis, surface characterization, and biointeraction studies of low-surface energy side-chain polyetherurethanes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Porter, Stephen Christopher

1999-10-01

New segmented polyetherurethanes (PEUs) with low surface energy hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon side-chains attached to the polymer hard segments were synthesized. The surface chemistry of solvent cast polymer films was studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and dynamic contact angle (DCA) measurements. Increases in the overall density and length of the alkyl side-chains within the PEUs resulted in greater side-chain concentrations at the polymer surface. PEUs bearing long alkyl (> C10 ) and perfluorocarbon side-chains were found to posses surfaces with highly enriched side-chain concentrations relative to the bulk polymer. In PEUs with significant side-chain surface enrichment, the relatively polar hard segment blocks were shown to reside in high concentrations just below the side-chain enriched surface layer. Furthermore, DCA measurements demonstrated that the surface of the alkyl side-chain PEUs did not undergo significant rearrangement when placed into an aqueous environment, whereas the surface of a hard segment model polymer bearing C18 sidechains (PEU-C18-HS) did. Hydrogen bonding within the PEUs was examined using FTIR and was shown to be disrupted by the addition of side-chains; an effect dependent on the density but not on the length of the side-chains. Heteropolymer blends comprised of mixtures of high side-chain density and side-chain free PEUs were compared with homopolymers having the same overall side-chain concentration as the blends. Significantly more surface enrichment of side-chains was found in the heteropolymer blends whereas hydrogen bonding nearly the same as in the homopolymers. Adsorption of native and delipidized human serum albumin (HSA) from pure solution and blood plasma; the elutabilty of adsorbed HSA; and static platelet adhesion to plasma preadsorbed surfaces, were all examined on alkyl side-chain PEUs. Several polymers with high C18 side-chain densities displayed increased affinity for albumin, and reduced elutability. Among these, PEU-C18-HS demonstrated a significant reduction in platelet adhesion at low plasma pre-adsorption concentrations. However, competitive binary adsorption of fibrinogen in the presence of HSA demonstrated lower relative albumin affinity for PEU-C18-HS than other PEUs. The observed effects are thought to be mainly a result of increased surface hydrophobicity of the alkyl-side chain modified PEU, and not high specificity albumin binding.

Enumerative Algebraic Geometry of Conics

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-10-01

polynomial defining the conic factors into a product of linear polynomials, then the conic is just the union of two lines. Such a conic is said to be...corresponds to the union of two varieties, so [H ] + [H ] will be the class representing the union of two hyperplanes. But the union of two...sets form a topology, the union S′ = S ∪ [(P5)5 × E] is also closed. Now one great fact about projective varieties is that if we have a projection

Airfoil-Shaped Fluid Flow Tool for Use in Making Differential Measurements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

England, John Dwight (Inventor); Kelley, Anthony R. (Inventor); Cronise, Raymond J. (Inventor)

2014-01-01

A fluid flow tool includes an airfoil structure and a support arm. The airfoil structure's high-pressure side and low-pressure side are positioned in a conduit by the support arm coupled to the conduit. The high-pressure and low-pressure sides substantially face opposing walls of the conduit. At least one measurement port is formed in the airfoil structure at each of its high-pressure side and low-pressure side. A first manifold, formed in the airfoil structure and in fluid communication with each measurement port so-formed at the high-pressure side, extends through the airfoil structure and support arm to terminate and be accessible at the exterior wall of the conduit. A second manifold, formed in the airfoil structure and in fluid communication with each measurement port so-formed at the low-pressure side, extends through the airfoil structure and support arm to terminate and be accessible at the exterior wall of the conduit.

How the Coalition Campus Schools Have Re-Imagined High School: Seven Years Later.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ancess, Jacqueline; Ort, Suzanna Wichterle

In 1992, a collaboration of educational reform organizations, the New York City Board of Education, a teachers' union, and private funders created a model of urban high school reform that was practitioner-driven. Two failing high schools, one in Manhattan and one in the Bronx, were phased out while 11 new, small autonomous high schools were…

The European Union Policy in the Field of Rare Diseases.

PubMed

Moliner, Antoni Montserrat; Waligora, Jaroslaw

2017-01-01

Rare diseases, are defined by the European Union as life-threatening or chronically debilitating diseases with low prevalence (less than 5 per 10,000). The specificities of rare diseases - limited number of patients and scarcity of relevant knowledge and expertise - single them out as a unique domain of very high European added-value.The legal instruments at the disposal of the European Union, in terms of the Article 168 of the Treaties, are very limited. However a combination of instruments using the research and the pharmaceutical legal basis and an intensive and creative use of funding from the Health Programmes has permitted to create a solid basis that Member States have considered enough to put rare diseases in a privileged position in the health agenda.The adoption of the Commission Communication, in November 2008, and of the Council Recommendation, in June 2009, and in 2011 the adoption of the Directive on Cross-border healthcare., have created an operational framework to act in the field of rare disease with European coordination in several areas (classification and codification, European Reference Networks, orphan medicinal products, the Commission expert group on rare diseases, etc.).Rare diseases is an area with high and practical potential for the European cooperation.

Mortality among workers exposed to coal tar pitch volatiles and welding emissions: an exercise in epidemiologic triage.

PubMed Central

Silverstein, M; Maizlish, N; Park, R; Mirer, F

1985-01-01

The United Automobile Workers International Union has established a system of epidemiologic triage to evaluate patterns of mortality among groups of union members. In response to worker concerns, the Union examined mortality at a metal stamping plant, using a method which linked pension records with the State of Michigan computerized death registry. The observed proportion of malignant neoplasms was nearly twice that expected (95% Confidence Limits 1.36, 2.62). Two- to five-fold excess proportional mortality from cancer of the digestive organs, lung cancer, and leukemia accounted for most of the overall excess. Strong associations were found between lung and digestive organ cancer and employment as maintenance welders or millwrights in the plant (odds ratios greater than 10). High levels of six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with mutagenic and carcinogenic properties were found during hot coal tar application to wood block floors, work conducted by the high-risk groups. These levels were substantially reduced following the purchase of new tar pots. The example demonstrates that epidemiologic tools can play a valuable role in occupational health decision making, but care must be taken to avoid mechanical reliance on quantitative testing and to acknowledge the important role of social and political value judgments in the establishment of responsible public policy. PMID:4051064

Using the OCLC union listing component for a statewide health sciences union list of serials.

PubMed Central

Sutton, L S; Wolfgram, P A

1986-01-01

Union lists of serials are critical to the effective operation of interlibrary loan networks. The Michigan Health Sciences Libraries Association used the OCLC union list component to produce the Michigan Statewide Health Sciences Union List of Serials (MISHULS). MISHULS, which includes the serials holdings of ninety-three hospital health sciences libraries, is a subset of a statewide multi-type union list maintained on OCLC. The rationale for a statewide list and the criteria for choosing vendors are discussed. Typical costs are provided. Funding sources are identified and a unique approach to decentralized input is described. The benefits of resource sharing in a larger, multi-type library network are also explored. PMID:3708192

Using the OCLC union listing component for a statewide health sciences union list of serials.

PubMed

Sutton, L S; Wolfgram, P A

1986-04-01

Union lists of serials are critical to the effective operation of interlibrary loan networks. The Michigan Health Sciences Libraries Association used the OCLC union list component to produce the Michigan Statewide Health Sciences Union List of Serials (MISHULS). MISHULS, which includes the serials holdings of ninety-three hospital health sciences libraries, is a subset of a statewide multi-type union list maintained on OCLC. The rationale for a statewide list and the criteria for choosing vendors are discussed. Typical costs are provided. Funding sources are identified and a unique approach to decentralized input is described. The benefits of resource sharing in a larger, multi-type library network are also explored.

From the Oracles of the Temple of Janus: "Chicago Teachers Union v. Hudson."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vieira, Edwin, Jr.

1986-01-01

Examines "Chicago Teachers Union v. Hudson," a United States Supreme Court decision guaranteeing non-union government workers specific protections of procedural due process that certain educational and teacher unions had failed to recognize. Decries the "Hudson" decision for separating labor law from laws governing the rest of…

12 CFR 708b.301 - Conversion of insurance (State Chartered Credit Union).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Conversion of insurance (State Chartered Credit... AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS MERGERS OF FEDERALLY-INSURED CREDIT UNIONS; VOLUNTARY TERMINATION OR CONVERSION OF INSURED STATUS Forms § 708b.301 Conversion of insurance (State Chartered Credit Union). Unless the...

12 CFR 708b.301 - Conversion of insurance (State Chartered Credit Union).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Conversion of insurance (State Chartered Credit... AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS MERGERS OF FEDERALLY-INSURED CREDIT UNIONS; VOLUNTARY TERMINATION OR CONVERSION OF INSURED STATUS Forms § 708b.301 Conversion of insurance (State Chartered Credit Union). Unless the...

The Decline of Private-Sector Unionism and the Gender Wage Gap.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Even, William E.; Macpherson, David A.

1993-01-01

Between 1973 and 1988, private sector union membership fell by 9.5 percentage points more for men than women; the gender wage gap decreased by 0.09. Unionism fell more slowly for women. Greater decline in male unionism is responsible for one-seventh of the decline in the wage gap. (SK)

77 FR 16661 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-22

... unions on Goodrich pitot probes that might be the result of mis-torque of the affected unions at... detect and correct loose unions on the pitot probes, which could lead to an air leak, resulting in... pneumatic quick-disconnect unions on Goodrich pitot probes [part number] P/N 0851HL. These may be the result...

48 CFR 552.236-83 - Requirement for a Project Labor Agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

.... “Project Labor Agreement” (PLA) means an agreement between the contractor, subcontractors, and the union(s) representing workers. Under a PLA, the contractor and subcontractors on a project and the union(s) agree on... Contractor shall, after contract award, enter into a PLA for performance of [Insert project or contract name...

17 CFR 401.5 - Exemption for corporate credit unions transacting limited government securities business with...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exemption for corporate credit unions transacting limited government securities business with other credit unions. 401.5 Section 401.5... SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 EXEMPTIONS § 401.5 Exemption for corporate credit unions transacting limited...

12 CFR 704.8 - Asset and liability management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... CORPORATE CREDIT UNIONS § 704.8 Asset and liability management. (a) Policies. A corporate credit union must...) The purpose and objectives of the corporate credit union's asset and liability activities; (2) The... corporate credit union's ALCO must have at least one member who is also a member of the board of directors...

12 CFR 704.8 - Asset and liability management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... CORPORATE CREDIT UNIONS § 704.8 Asset and liability management. (a) Policies. A corporate credit union must...) The purpose and objectives of the corporate credit union's asset and liability activities; (2) The... corporate credit union's ALCO must have at least one member who is also a member of the board of directors...

17 CFR 401.5 - Exemption for corporate credit unions transacting limited government securities business with...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Exemption for corporate credit unions transacting limited government securities business with other credit unions. 401.5 Section 401.5... SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 EXEMPTIONS § 401.5 Exemption for corporate credit unions transacting limited...

17 CFR 401.5 - Exemption for corporate credit unions transacting limited government securities business with...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Exemption for corporate credit unions transacting limited government securities business with other credit unions. 401.5 Section 401.5... SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 EXEMPTIONS § 401.5 Exemption for corporate credit unions transacting limited...

17 CFR 401.5 - Exemption for corporate credit unions transacting limited government securities business with...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Exemption for corporate credit unions transacting limited government securities business with other credit unions. 401.5 Section 401.5... SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 EXEMPTIONS § 401.5 Exemption for corporate credit unions transacting limited...

12 CFR 704.8 - Asset and liability management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... CORPORATE CREDIT UNIONS § 704.8 Asset and liability management. (a) Policies. A corporate credit union must...) The purpose and objectives of the corporate credit union's asset and liability activities; (2) The... corporate credit union's ALCO must have at least one member who is also a member of the board of directors...

17 CFR 401.5 - Exemption for corporate credit unions transacting limited government securities business with...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 4 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Exemption for corporate credit unions transacting limited government securities business with other credit unions. 401.5 Section 401.5... SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 EXEMPTIONS § 401.5 Exemption for corporate credit unions transacting limited...

Guide to major programs and activities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

LEADERSHIP: The AGU Council of elected Union and Section officers has full responsibility for AGU affairs AGU Council: Ralph Cicerone (President), Fred Spilhaus; Review Union Statutes and Bylaws: John R. Ritter, Fred Spilhaus; Develop a strategic plan for the Union Planning: Marcia Neugebauer; Fred Spilhaus; ELECTIONS: Propose candidates for Union offices Nominations: Don L. Anderson, Fred Spilhaus.

Breaking the Silence: The Unionization of Postdoctoral Workers at the University of California

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Camacho, Sayil; Rhoads, Robert A.

2015-01-01

This article examines the postdoctoral unionization movement at the University of California (UC) using case study methodology. More specifically, we examine postdoctoral union organizers involved in the United Automobile Workers of America (UAW) Local 5810, focusing on their efforts to unionize postdoctoral employees at the UC. The study is…

Worker Participation and American Unions. Threat or Opportunity?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kochan, Thomas A.; And Others

This book reports results of a study of the efects of quality of worklife programs and related forms of worker participation on unions and the collective bargaining process. Chapter 1 describes the evolution of worker participation in unionized settings and summarizes basic propositions in models of joint union-management change. In chapter 2 five…

Negotiating What Matters Most: Collective Bargaining and Student Achievement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kerchner, Charles Taylor; Koppich, Julia E.

2007-01-01

Despite a statutorily narrow scope of bargaining, the scope of topics of union-management discussions has widened over the last 20 years, resulting in the birth of reform, or professional, unionism. But over the last half decade, professional unionism has waned. School management often refuses to see unions as partners, politicians fail to view…

Organizing the Postindustrial Work Force: Lessons from the History of Waitress Unionism.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cobble, Dorothy Sue

1991-01-01

Occupational unionism as practiced by waitresses in the Hotel and Restaurant Employees International Union was characterized by emphasis on occupational identity, control over labor supply, portable rights and benefits, and peer determination of standards and discipline. Aspects of this form of unionism may hold promise for revitalizing the labor…

Virtual OPACs versus Union Database: Two Models of Union Catalogue Provision.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cousins, Shirley

1999-01-01

Considers some of the major technical and organizational issues involved in virtual-catalog production, contrasting them with the traditional union catalog approach exemplified by COPAC, an online public-access catalog composed of academic libraries in the United Kingdom. Suggest a method of integrating these two models of the union catalog.…

From Proposal to Policy: Social Movements and Teachers' Unions in Latin America

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Finger, Leslie; Gindin, Julián

2015-01-01

Latin American teachers' unions have stepped into the policymaking sphere and shaped education policies unrelated to regular workplace priorities like salaries and class sizes at notable moments. The literature on teachers' unions in Latin America has not addressed this, tending to focus instead on those unions' history and role in social…

Does reimportation reduce price differences for prescription drugs? Lessons from the European Union.

PubMed

Kyle, Margaret K; Allsbrook, Jennifer S; Schulman, Kevin A

2008-08-01

To examine the effect of parallel trade on patterns of price dispersion for prescription drugs in the European Union. Longitudinal data from an IMS Midas database of prices and units sold for drugs in 36 categories in 30 countries from 1993 through 2004. The main outcome measures were mean price differentials and other measures of price dispersion within European Union countries compared with within non-European Union countries. We identified drugs subject to parallel trade using information provided by IMS and by checking membership lists of parallel import trade associations and lists of approved parallel imports. Parallel trade was not associated with substantial reductions in price dispersion in European Union countries. In descriptive and regression analyses, about half of the price differentials exceeded 50 percent in both European Union and non-European Union countries over time, and price distributions among European Union countries did not show a dramatic change concurrent with the adoption of parallel trade. In regression analysis, we found that although price differentials decreased after 1995 in most countries, they decreased less in the European Union than elsewhere. Parallel trade for prescription drugs does not automatically reduce international price differences. Future research should explore how other regulatory schemes might lead to different results elsewhere.

Evaluation's Contribution to the Success of a Silicon Valley School/Industry Partnership: The Peninsula Academies Evaluation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jung, Steven M.; And Others

In an effort to encourage the participation of educationally disadvantaged youth in the Silicon Valley's high technology employment boom, the Peninsula Academies program was established utilizing a triad-partnership arrangement among the Sequoia Union High School District, high technology employers in the area, and the Stanford Mid-Peninsula Urban…

The effect of unions on the distribution of wages of hospital-employed registered nurses in the United States.

PubMed

Spetz, Joanne; Ash, Michael; Konstantinidis, Charalampos; Herrera, Carolina

2011-01-01

We estimate the impact of unionisation on the wage structure of hospital-employed registered nurses in the USA. We examine whether unions have an effect on wage differences associated with race, gender, immigration status, education and experience, as well as whether there is less unexplained wage variation among unionised nurses. In the past decade, there has been resurgence in union activity in the health care industry in the USA, particularly in hospitals. Numerous studies have found that unions are associated with higher wages. Unions may also affect the structure of wages paid to workers, by compressing the wage structure and reducing unexplained variation in wages. Cross-sectional analysis of pooled secondary data from the United States Current Population Survey, 2003-2006. Multivariate regression analysis of factors that predict wages, with models derived from labour economics. There are no wage differences associated with gender, race or immigration status among unionised nurses, but there are wage penalties for black and immigrant nurses in the non-union sector. For the most part, the pay structures of the union and non-union sectors do not significantly differ. The wage penalty associated with diploma education for non-union nurses disappears among unionised nurses. Unionised nurses receive a lower return to experience, although the difference is not statistically significant. There is no evidence that unexplained variation in wages is lower among unionised nurses. While in theory unions may rationalise wage-setting and reduce wage dispersion, we found no evidence to support this hypothesis. The primary effect of hospital unions is to raise wages. Unionisation does not appear to have other important wage effects among hospital-employed nurses. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Recovery of consciousness in broilers following combined dc and ac stunning

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Broilers in the United States are typically electrically stunned using low voltage-high frequency pulsed DC water bath stunners and in the European Union broilers are electrocuted using high voltage-low frequency AC. DC stunned broilers regain consciousness in the absence of exsanguination and AC st...

Speciation modeling of ammonia and other major solutes in anaerobic digesters

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Anaerobic digestion of high-nitrogen wastes can be inhibited by high concentrations of un-ionized ammonia, NH**3 (aq). Understanding the toxicity of NH**3 (aq) to anaerobic digestion requires an understanding of the mechanisms controlling its concentration. Previous work on ammonia toxicity in an...

Music and Careers for the Junior High Student.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carlson, Bruce

The curriculum guide describes an exemplary project designed to provide junior high school students with an opportunity to explore careers related to the world of music. The units present objectives, activities, and resources related to the following occupations: pop music artist, professional musician (union), instrumental and vocal music…

Central Falls High School: First Year Transformation Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burns, Amy; Whitney, Joye; Shah, Hardeek; Foley, Ellen; Dure, Elsa

2011-01-01

In January 2010, the Rhode Island Department of Education (RIDE) identified Central Falls High School (CFHS) as one of the state's persistently lowest-achieving schools. The Central Falls School District (CFSD) and the Central Falls Teachers Union (CFTU) considered the transformation model but could not come to an agreement initially around…

Heating facilities: Klamath Lutheran Church, Klamath Falls, Oregon

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1980-08-01

The Klamath Lutheran Church is a masonry structure with cathedral ceiling containing approximately 5800 sq ft of floor area. This building is currently heated by two duct furnaces and a unit heater all of which are gas fired. An Educational Wing of approximately 6300 sq ft was added in 1958. This building, containing 2 assembly rooms and a number of classrooms is of uninsulated frame construction, with extensive glass area. A gas-fired boiler supplying finned tube radiators currently heats this wing. Four specific options for displacing all or part of the heating duty with geothermal were examined. These options are:more » case 1 - drilling a production and injection well on the property and using the resultant hot water (180/sup 0/F) to heat the entire facility; case 3 - using effluent from the Klamath Union High School to heat the entire facility; no well drilling required; case 2 - using effluent from the Klamath Union High School to heat only the church building; the present gas boiler would heat the Educational Wing; and case 4 - drilling a production and injection well on the property and using the resulting water (70/sup 0/F) to supply a water-to-water heat pump. Of the four cases examined, case 3 (heating of both the church building and educational wing with effluent from the Klamath Union High School) seems to offer the greatest potential and earliest simple payback period. (MHR)« less

The Dose-Response Relationship Between Training Load and Aerobic Fitness in Academy Rugby Union Players.

PubMed

Taylor, Richard J; Sanders, Dajo; Myers, Tony; Abt, Grant; Taylor, Celia A; Akubat, Ibrahim

2018-02-01

To identify the dose-response relationship between measures of training load (TL) and changes in aerobic fitness in academy rugby union players. Training data from 10 academy rugby union players were collected during a 6-wk in-season period. Participants completed a lactate-threshold test that was used to assess VO 2 max, velocity at VO 2 max, velocity at 2 mmol/L (lactate threshold), and velocity at 4 mmol/L (onset of lactate accumulation; vOBLA) as measures of aerobic fitness. Internal-TL measures calculated were Banister training impulse (bTRIMP), Edwards TRIMP, Lucia TRIMP, individualized TRIMP (iTRIMP), and session RPE (sRPE). External-TL measures calculated were total distance, PlayerLoad™, high-speed distance >15 km/h, very-high-speed distance >18 km/h, and individualized high-speed distance based on each player's vOBLA. A second-order-regression (quadratic) analysis found that bTRIMP (R 2  = .78, P = .005) explained 78% of the variance and iTRIMP (R 2  = .55, P = .063) explained 55% of the variance in changes in VO 2 max. All other HR-based internal-TL measures and sRPE explained less than 40% of variance with fitness changes. External TL explained less than 42% of variance with fitness changes. In rugby players, bTRIMP and iTRIMP display a curvilinear dose-response relationship with changes in maximal aerobic fitness.

Scientific and technical training in the Soviet Union

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spearman, M. L.

1984-01-01

The Soviet Union recognizes that the foundation of their system depends upon complete dedication of the people to the state through thorough psychological training as well as through military training, and through specialized education in the broad fields of engineering, natural sciences, life sciences, social sciences, and education. An outline of the U.S.S.R. educational system indicates the extent of academic training, coupled with on-the-job and military training, that can produce a highly skilled, dedicated, and matured person. Observations on the coupling of political, economic, and psychological training along with the technical training are made, along with some mention of positive and negative aspects of the training.

Near-real-time mosaics from high-resolution side-scan sonar

USGS Publications Warehouse

Danforth, William W.; O'Brien, Thomas F.; Schwab, W.C.

1991-01-01

High-resolution side-scan sonar has proven to be a very effective tool for stuyding and understanding the surficial geology of the seafloor. Since the mid-1970s, the US Geological Survey has used high-resolution side-scan sonar systems for mapping various areas of the continental shelf. However, two problems typically encountered included the short range and the high sampling rate of high-resolution side-scan sonar systems and the acquisition and real-time processing of the enormous volume of sonar data generated by high-resolution suystems. These problems were addressed and overcome in August 1989 when the USGS conducted a side-scan sonar and bottom sampling survey of a 1000-sq-km section of the continental shelf in the Gulf of Farallones located offshore of San Francisco. The primary goal of this survey was to map an area of critical interest for studying continental shelf sediment dynamics. This survey provided an opportunity to test an image processing scheme that enabled production of a side-scan sonar hard-copy mosaic during the cruise in near real-time.

Health care resource use and costs associated with possible side effects of high oral corticosteroid use in asthma: a claims-based analysis.

PubMed

Luskin, Allan T; Antonova, Evgeniya N; Broder, Michael S; Chang, Eunice Y; Omachi, Theodore A; Ledford, Dennis K

2016-01-01

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of possible oral corticosteroid (OCS)-related side effects and health care resource use and costs in patients with asthma. This was a cross-sectional, matched-cohort, retrospective study using a commercial claims database. Adults with asthma diagnosis codes and evidence of asthma medication use were studied. Patients with high OCS use (≥30 days of OCS annually) were divided into those who did versus those who did not experience OCS-related possible side effects. Their health care resource use and costs were compared using linear regression or negative binomial regression models, adjusting for age, sex, geographic region, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease status. After adjustment, high OCS users with possible side effects were more likely to have office visits (23.0 vs 19.6; P <0.001) and hospitalizations (0.44 vs 0.22; P <0.001) than those without possible side effects. Emergency department visits were similar between the groups. High OCS users with possible side effects had higher adjusted total annual mean health care costs ($25,168) than those without such side effects ($21,882; P =0.009). Among high OCS users, patients with possible OCS-related side effects are more likely to use health care services than those without such side effects. Although OCS may help control asthma and manage exacerbations, OCS side effects may result in additional health care resource use and costs, highlighting the need for OCS-sparing asthma therapies.