Simon Effect with and without Awareness of the Accessory Stimulus

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Treccani, Barbara; Umilta, Carlo; Tagliabue, Mariaelena

2006-01-01

The authors investigated whether a Simon effect could be observed in an accessory-stimulus Simon task when participants were unaware of the task-irrelevant accessory cue. In Experiment 1A a central visual target was accompanied by a suprathreshold visual lateral cue. A regular Simon effect (i.e., faster cue-response corresponding reaction times…

Left ventricular systolic dysfunction, heart failure, and the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the ARISTOTLE trial.

PubMed

McMurray, John J V; Ezekowitz, Justin A; Lewis, Basil S; Gersh, Bernard J; van Diepen, Sean; Amerena, John; Bartunek, Jozef; Commerford, Patrick; Oh, Byung-Hee; Harjola, Veli-Pekka; Al-Khatib, Sana M; Hanna, Michael; Alexander, John H; Lopes, Renato D; Wojdyla, Daniel M; Wallentin, Lars; Granger, Christopher B

2013-05-01

We examined the risk of stroke or systemic embolism (SSE) conferred by heart failure (HF) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in the Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation Trial (ARISTOTLE), as well as the effect of apixaban versus warfarin. The risk of a number of outcomes, including the composite of SSE or death (to take account of competing risks) and composite of SSE, major bleeding, or death (net clinical benefit) were calculated in 3 patient groups: (1) no HF/no LVSD (n=8728), (2) HF/no LVSD (n=3207), and (3) LVSD with/without symptomatic HF (n=2736). The rate of both outcomes was highest in patients with LVSD (SSE or death 8.06; SSE, major bleeding, or death 10.46 per 100 patient-years), intermediate for HF but preserved LV systolic function (5.32; 7.24), and lowest in patients without HF or LVSD (1.54; 5.27); each comparison P<0.0001. Each outcome was less frequent in patients treated with apixaban: in all ARISTOTLE patients, the apixaban/warfarin hazard ratio for SSE or death was 0.89 (95% confidence interval, 0.81-0.98; P=0.02); for SSE, major bleed, or death it was 0.85 (0.78-0.92; P<0.001). There was no heterogeneity of treatment effect across the 3 groups. Patients with LVSD (with/without HF) had a higher risk of SSE or death (but similar rate of SSE) compared with patients with HF but preserved LV systolic function; both had a greater risk than patients without either HF or LVSD. Apixaban reduced the risk of both outcomes more than warfarin in all 3 patient groups. URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00412984.

Absence of anomalous Nernst effect in spin Seebeck effect of Pt/YIG

DOE PAGES

Miao, B. F.; Huang, S. Y.; Qu, D.; ...

2016-01-29

The Pt/YIG structure has been widely used to study spin Seebeck effect (SSE), inverse spin Hall effect, and other pure spin current phenomena. However, the magnetic proximity effect in Pt when in contact with YIG, and the potential anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) may compromise the spin current phenomena in Pt/YIG. By inserting a Cu layer of various thicknesses between Pt and YIG, we have separated the signals from the SSE and that of the ANE. Here, it is demonstrated that the thermal voltage in Pt/YIG mainly comes from spin current due to the longitudinal SSE with negligible contribution from themore » ANE.« less

Effects of a phytoestrogen-containing soy extract on the growth-inhibitory activity of ICI 182 780 in an experimental model of estrogen-dependent breast cancer.

PubMed

Gallo, Daniela; Mantuano, Elisabetta; Fabrizi, Manuela; Ferlini, Cristiano; Mozzetti, Simona; De Stefano, Ilaria; Scambia, Giovanni

2007-06-01

The study reported here was designed to determine whether a phytoestrogen-containing soy extract (SSE) could negate/overwhelm the inhibitory effects of ICI 182 780 on the growth of estrogen-sustained human breast cancer xenografts (MCF-7), in ovariectomized athymic mice. As expected, estradiol-supplemented tumors did not grow over the study period in ICI 182 780-treated females; concomitant administration of 50 mg/kg per day SSE slightly potentiated the inhibitory activity of the drug, while at 100 mg/kg per day, SSE partially negated ICI 182 780 activity. In keeping with these in vivo outcomes, we observed that the level of cyclin D1 (and progesterone receptor) in MCF-7 xenografts was considerably reduced by ICI 182 780, an effect enhanced by concomitant treatment with 50 SSE, but reduced by the higher dosage (i.e. 100 mg/kg per day). Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and kallikrein 6 (KLK6) levels were also reduced following ICI 182 780, although to a lesser degree; again, combined anti-estrogen and SSE produced a dose-dependent regulation in TSP-1 and KLK6 tumor level, with a further reduction in the mRNA gene expression at 50 SSE (compared with ICI 182 780) and a partial reversion of the drug-induced down-regulation at 100 mg/kg per day. No modulation was detected in the serum concentration of IGF-1 (a potent mitogen for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cell lines) either upon treatment with ICI 182 780 or concomitant administration of the anti-estrogen with SSE. In conclusion, results from this study raise concerns about the consumption of isoflavone supplements in conjunction with ICI 182 780 therapy, in postmenopausal women with estrogen-dependent breast cancer.

Reexamining epilepsy-associated stigma: validation of the Stigma Scale of Epilepsy in Zambia.

PubMed

Elafros, Melissa A; Bowles, Ryan P; Atadzhanov, Masharip; Mbewe, Edward; Haworth, Alan; Chomba, Elwyn; Birbeck, Gretchen L

2015-06-01

Epilepsy-associated stigma is an important patient-centered outcome, yet quantification remains challenging. Jacoby's 3-item Stigma Scale is commonly used to assess felt stigma among people with epilepsy (PWE) yet has ceiling effects. The Stigma Scale of Epilepsy (SSE) is a 24-item instrument that measures felt stigma among PWE and stigmatizing attitudes among others. If cross-culturally valid, the SSE may elucidate stigma determinants and provide an outcome measure for interventions. We assessed the properties of the SSE in 102 Zambian PWE using exploratory and confirmatory item response theories and compared the latent traits assessed by the SSE to those assessed by Jacoby's Stigma Scale. Differential item functioning based on forced disclosure of epilepsy was examined. The SSE yielded two latent traits--the first reflected difficulties faced by PWE; the second reflected emotions associated with epilepsy. Jacoby's Stigma Scale was associated only with the first latent trait. Forced disclosure was associated with "worry" and "pity" that were associated with the second latent trait. In Zambian PWE, the SSE captured two latent traits. One trait represents feelings associated with epilepsy, which is theorized as a substantial yet unmeasured part of stigma. The SSE performs well across cultures and may more comprehensively assess felt stigma than other instruments. Further validation is required to determine whether the SSE adequately assesses stigmatizing attitudes among people without epilepsy.

The object-based Simon effect: grasping affordance or relative location of the graspable part?

PubMed

Cho, Dongbin Tobin; Proctor, Robert W

2010-08-01

Reaction time is often shorter when the irrelevant graspable handle of an object corresponds with the location of a keypress response to the relevant attribute than when it does not. This object-based Simon effect has been attributed to an affordance for grasping the handle with the hand to the same side. Because a grasping affordance should differentially affect keypress responses only when they are made with different hands, we conducted three experiments that measured the object-based Simon effect for frying pan stimuli using between- and within-hand response sets. When the relevant stimulus dimension was color, neither the object-based Simon effect nor the location-based Simon effect varied across response sets. When upright-inverted orientation judgments were made for the frying pan and for nongraspable stimuli derived from it, there again was no significant difference in size of the between- and within-hand Simon effects for any of the stimuli. The results provide evidence that the Simon effect for graspable frying pan stimuli is because of relative location of the handle and not to a grasping affordance.

Spin-current-driven thermoelectric generation based on interfacial spin-orbit coupling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yagmur, A., E-mail: ahmetyagmur@imr.tohoku.ac.jp; Iguchi, R.; Karube, S.

2016-06-13

The longitudinal spin Seebeck effect (SSE) in Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu/yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) devices has been investigated. When an out-of-plane temperature gradient is applied to the Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu/YIG device, a spin current is generated across the Cu/YIG interface via the SSE and then converted into electric voltage due to the spin–orbit coupling at the Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu interface. The sign of the SSE voltage in the Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu/YIG devices is opposite to that induced by the conventional inverse spin Hall effect in Pt/YIG devices. The SSE voltage in the Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu/YIG devices disappears in the absence of the Bi{submore » 2}O{sub 3} layer and its thermoelectric conversion efficiency is independent of the Cu thickness, indicating the important role of the Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu interface. This result demonstrates that not only the bulk inverse spin Hall effect but also the spin–orbit coupling near the interface can be used for SSE-based thermoelectric generation.« less

Is Slow Slip a Cause or a Result of Tremor?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luo, Y.; Ampuero, J. P.

2017-12-01

While various modeling efforts have been conducted to reproduce subsets of observations of tremor and slow-slip events (SSE), a fundamental but yet unanswered question is whether slow slip is a cause or a result of tremor. Tremor is commonly regarded as driven by SSE. This view is mainly based on observations of SSE without detected tremors and on (frequency-limited) estimates of total tremor seismic moment being lower than 1% of their concomitant SSE moment. In previous studies we showed that models of heterogeneous faults, composed of seismic asperities embedded in an aseismic fault zone matrix, reproduce quantitatively the hierarchical patterns of tremor migration observed in Cascadia and Shikoku. To address the title question, we design two end-member models of a heterogeneous fault. In the SSE-driven-tremor model, slow slip events are spontaneously generated by the matrix (even in the absence of seismic asperities) and drive tremor. In the Tremor-driven-SSE model the matrix is stable (it slips steadily in the absence of asperities) and slow slip events result from the collective behavior of tremor asperities interacting via transient creep (local afterslip fronts). We study these two end-member models through 2D quasi-dynamic multi-cycle simulations of faults governed by rate-and-state friction with heterogeneous frictional properties and effective normal stress, using the earthquake simulation software QDYN (https://zenodo.org/record/322459). We find that both models reproduce first-order observations of SSE and tremor and have very low seismic to aseismic moment ratio. However, the Tremor-driven-SSE model assumes a simpler rheology than the SSE-driven-tremor model and matches key observations better and without fine tuning, including the ratio of propagation speeds of forward SSE and rapid tremor reversals and the decay of inter-event times of Low Frequency Earthquakes. These modeling results indicate that, in contrast to a common view, SSE could be a result of tremor activity. We also find that, despite important interactions between asperities, tremor activity rates are proportional to the underlying aseismic slip rate, supporting an approach to estimate SSE properties with high spatial-temporal resolutions via tremor activity.

The premotor theory of attention and the Simon effect.

PubMed

Van der Lubbe, Rob H J; Abrahamse, Elger L

2011-02-01

In the paper by Hommel (2011-this issue), the roles of the theory of event coding (TEC) and the premotor theory of attention (PMTA) for the Simon effect were considered. PMTA was treated by Hommel in terms of the proposal that attentional orienting can be viewed as the preparation of a saccade towards a certain location, and was dismissed as providing no useful contribution for an attentional explanation of the Simon effect. Here we considered a more recent and broader conception of the PMTA, compared this approach with TEC, and confronted both approaches with a few studies focusing on the role of spatial attention for the Simon effect. It was argued that PMTA may account more easily for various studies examining the influence of spatial attention on the Simon effect. We concluded our paper by listing some elements that an overall encompassing theory on the Simon effect should contain. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Interacting hands: the role of attention for the joint Simon effect

PubMed Central

Liepelt, Roman

2014-01-01

Recent research in monkeys and humans has shown that the presence of the hands near an object enhances spatial processing for objects presented near the hand. This study aimed to test the effect of hand position on the joint Simon effect. In Experiment 1, two human co-actors shared a Simon task while placing their response hands either near the objects appearing on the monitor or away from the monitor. Experiment 2 varied each co-actor’s hand position independently. Experiment 3 tested whether enhanced spatial processing for objects presented near the hand is obtained when replacing one of the two co-actors by a non-human event-producing rubber hand. Experiment 1 provided evidence for a Simon effect. Hand position significantly modulated the size of the Simon effect in the joint Simon task showing an increased Simon effect when the hands of both actors were located near the objects on the monitor, than when they were located away from the monitor. Experiment 2 replicated this finding showing an increased Simon effect when the actor’s hand was located near the objects on the monitor, but only when the co-actor also produced action events in spatial reference. A similar hand position effect was observed in Experiment 3 when a non-human rubber hand replaced the human co-actor. These findings suggest that external action events that are produced in spatial reference bias the distribution of attention to the area near the hand. This strengthens the weight of the spatial response codes (referential coding) and hence increases the joint Simon effect. PMID:25566140

When 1+1=1: the unification of independent actors revealed through joint Simon effects in crossed and uncrossed effector conditions.

PubMed

Welsh, Timothy N

2009-12-01

The "Simon effect" describes a pattern of reaction times (RTs) where responses to symbolic information are shorter when the information is presented on the same side of space as the desired response than when it is on the opposite side of space. For example, if right hand responses are required for green targets and left hand responses for red targets, RTs with the right hand are shorter when the green target appears on the right side than on the left side. It has been reported that Simon effects also appear when two individuals perform independent components of a Simon effect task. It has been suggested that such joint Simon effects occur because participants represent the action of their partner. It is unclear, however, if the joint Simon effect emerges because: (1) each partner represents the other's action; (2) each partner is using the other person or their response as an environmental reference; or (3) an intra-hemispheric processing advantage due to the lateralized cerebral organization of perceptual and motor systems. The present study distinguished between these possibilities by asking pairs of participants to perform in conditions in which they crossed their arms into the other person's space. Consistent with within-person Simon effects, joint Simon effects were observed in uncrossed- and crossed limb conditions. These results support a response co-representation explanation of joint Simon effects. It is suggested that the processes underlying the evoked representations have developed to allow two independent agents to form temporary synergies to facilitate efficient task completion. 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The anti-diabetic effects of ethanol extract from two variants of Artemisia princeps Pampanini in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice.

PubMed

Jung, U J; Baek, N-I; Chung, H-G; Bang, M-H; Yoo, J-S; Jeong, T S; Lee, K-T; Kang, Y J; Lee, M K; Kim, H J; Yeo, J Y; Choi, M S

2007-10-01

The anti-diabetic effects of two variants of Artemisia princeps Pampanini, sajabalssuk (SB) and sajuarissuk (SS), were investigated in type 2 diabetic animal using their ethanol extracts. Male C57BL/KsJ-db/db (db/db) mice were divided into control, SB ethanol extract (SBE), SS ethanol extract (SSE), or rosiglitazone (RG) groups and their age-matched littermates (db/+) were used. Supplementation of the SBE (0.171 g/100g diet), SSE (0.154 g/100g diet), and RG (0.005 g/100g diet) improved glucose and insulin tolerance and significantly lowered blood glycosylated hemoglobin levels, as compared to the control group. Plasma insulin, C-peptide and glucagon levels in db/db mice were higher in the db/+ mice, however these values were significantly lowered by SBE, SSE or RG-supplement. Hepatic GK activity was significantly lower in the db/db mice than in the db/+ mice, while hepatic G6Pase activity was vice versa. Supplementation of SBE, SSE and RG reversed these hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities. In addition, SBE and SSE markedly increased the hepatic glycogen content and muscle ratio as compared to the control group, but they did not alter the food intake, body weight and plasma leptin level. The RG group, however, showed a significant increase in the food intake, body weight and plasma leptin. These results suggest that SBE and SSE exert an anti-diabetic effect in type 2 diabetic mice.

Simulation of Autonomic Logistics System (ALS) Sortie Generation

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-03-01

84 Appendix B. ANOVA Assumptions Mission Capable Rate ANOVA Assumptions Constant Variance SSR # X cols SSE n Breusch - Pagan Chi-square 3.57E...85 Flying Scheduling Effectiveness ANOVA Assumptions Constant Variance SSR # X cols SSE n Breusch - Pagan Chi-square 2.12E-10 3 0.000816 270...Constant Variance SSR # X cols SSE n Breusch - Pagan Chi-square 1.86E-09 3 0.003758 270 3.20308814 0.9556957 Independence Durbin-Watson

Reexamining epilepsy-associated stigma: validation of the Stigma Scale of Epilepsy in Zambia

PubMed Central

Bowles, Ryan P.; Atadzhanov, Masharip; Mbewe, Edward; Haworth, Alan; Chomba, Elwyn; Birbeck, Gretchen L.

2017-01-01

Purpose Epilepsy-associated stigma is an important patient-centered outcome, yet quantification remains challenging. Jacoby’s 3-item Stigma Scale is commonly used to assess felt stigma among people with epilepsy (PWE) yet has ceiling effects. The Stigma Scale of Epilepsy (SSE) is a 24-item instrument that measures felt stigma among PWE and stigmatizing attitudes among others. If cross-culturally valid, the SSE may elucidate stigma determinants and provide an outcome measure for interventions. Methods We assessed the properties of the SSE in 102 Zambian PWE using exploratory and confirmatory item response theories and compared the latent traits assessed by the SSE to those assessed by Jacoby’s Stigma Scale. Differential item functioning based on forced disclosure of epilepsy was examined. Results The SSE yielded two latent traits—the first reflected difficulties faced by PWE; the second reflected emotions associated with epilepsy. Jacoby’s Stigma Scale was associated only with the first latent trait. Forced disclosure was associated with “worry” and “pity” that were associated with the second latent trait. Conclusions In Zambian PWE, the SSE captured two latent traits. One trait represents feelings associated with epilepsy, which is theorized as a substantial yet unmeasured part of stigma. The SSE performs well across cultures and may more comprehensively assess felt stigma than other instruments. Further validation is required to determine whether the SSE adequately assesses stigmatizing attitudes among people without epilepsy. PMID:25416086

Single-Sex Education in Public School Settings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crawford-Ferre, Heather Glynn; Wiest, Lynda R.

2013-01-01

Although researchers have studied the effectiveness of single-sex education (SSE), the findings have been mixed. This exploratory study reports the perceived goals and effectiveness of single-sex education based on interviews with a small group of educators involved with SSE in various ways. Research participants included a school principal and…

Priming Processes in the Simon Task: More Evidence from the Lexical Decision Task for a Third Route in the Simon Effect

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Metzker, Manja; Dreisbach, Gesine

2011-01-01

Recently, it was proposed that the Simon effect would result not only from two interfering processes, as classical dual-route models assume, but from three processes. It was argued that priming from the spatial code to the nonspatial code might facilitate the identification of the nonspatial stimulus feature in congruent Simon trials. In the…

The Task-Relevant Attribute Representation Can Mediate the Simon Effect

PubMed Central

Chen, Antao

2014-01-01

Researchers have previously suggested a working memory (WM) account of spatial codes, and based on this suggestion, the present study carries out three experiments to investigate how the task-relevant attribute representation (verbal or visual) in the typical Simon task affects the Simon effect. Experiment 1 compared the Simon effect between the between- and within-category color conditions, which required subjects to discriminate between red and blue stimuli (presumed to be represented by verbal WM codes because it was easy and fast to name the colors verbally) and to discriminate between two similar green stimuli (presumed to be represented by visual WM codes because it was hard and time-consuming to name the colors verbally), respectively. The results revealed a reliable Simon effect that only occurs in the between-category condition. Experiment 2 assessed the Simon effect by requiring subjects to discriminate between two different isosceles trapezoids (within-category shapes) and to discriminate isosceles trapezoid from rectangle (between-category shapes), and the results replicated and expanded the findings of Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, subjects were required to perform both tasks from Experiment 1. Wherein, in Experiment 3A, the between-category task preceded the within-category task; in Experiment 3B, the task order was opposite. The results showed the reliable Simon effect when subjects represented the task-relevant stimulus attributes by verbal WM encoding. In addition, the response times (RTs) distribution analysis for both the between- and within-category conditions of Experiments 3A and 3B showed decreased Simon effect with the RTs lengthened. Altogether, although the present results are consistent with the temporal coding account, we put forth that the Simon effect also depends on the verbal WM representation of task-relevant stimulus attribute. PMID:24618692

Effect of square stepping exercise for older adults to prevent fall and injury related to fall: systematic review and meta-analysis of current evidences.

PubMed

Fisseha, Berihu; Janakiraman, Balamurugan; Yitayeh, Asmare; Ravichandran, Hariharasudhan

2017-02-01

Falls and fall related injuries become an emerging health problem among older adults. As a result a review of the recent evidences is needed to design a prevention strategy. The aim of this review was to determine the effect of square stepping exercise (SSE) for fall down injury among older adults compared with walking training or other exercises. An electronic database search for relevant randomized control trials published in English from 2005 to 2016 was conducted. Articles with outcome measures of functional reach, perceived health status, fear of fall were included. Quality of the included articles was rated using Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale and the pooled effect of SSE was obtained by Review Manager (RevMan5) software. Significant effect of SSE was detected over walking or no treatment to improve balance as well to prevent fear of fall and improve perceived health status. The results of this systematic review proposed that SSE significantly better than walking or no treatment to prevent fall, prevent fear of fall and improve perceived health status.

Sequential Modulations in a Combined Horizontal and Vertical Simon Task: Is There ERP Evidence for Feature Integration Effects?

PubMed Central

Hoppe, Katharina; Küper, Kristina; Wascher, Edmund

2017-01-01

In the Simon task, participants respond faster when the task-irrelevant stimulus position and the response position are corresponding, for example on the same side, compared to when they have a non-corresponding relation. Interestingly, this Simon effect is reduced after non-corresponding trials. Such sequential effects can be explained in terms of a more focused processing of the relevant stimulus dimension due to increased cognitive control, which transfers from the previous non-corresponding trial (conflict adaptation effects). Alternatively, sequential modulations of the Simon effect can also be due to the degree of trial-to-trial repetitions and alternations of task features, which is confounded with the correspondence sequence (feature integration effects). In the present study, we used a spatially two-dimensional Simon task with vertical response keys to examine the contribution of adaptive cognitive control and feature integration processes to the sequential modulation of the Simon effect. The two-dimensional Simon task creates correspondences in the vertical as well as in the horizontal dimension. A trial-by-trial alternation of the spatial dimension, for example from a vertical to a horizontal stimulus presentation, generates a subset containing no complete repetitions of task features, but only complete alternations and partial repetitions, which are equally distributed over all correspondence sequences. In line with the assumed feature integration effects, we found sequential modulations of the Simon effect only when the spatial dimension repeated. At least for the horizontal dimension, this pattern was confirmed by the parietal P3b, an event-related potential that is assumed to reflect stimulus–response link processes. Contrary to conflict adaptation effects, cognitive control, measured by the fronto-central N2 component of the EEG, was not sequentially modulated. Overall, our data provide behavioral as well as electrophysiological evidence for feature integration effects contributing to sequential modulations of the Simon effect. PMID:28713305

Sequential Modulations in a Combined Horizontal and Vertical Simon Task: Is There ERP Evidence for Feature Integration Effects?

PubMed

Hoppe, Katharina; Küper, Kristina; Wascher, Edmund

2017-01-01

In the Simon task, participants respond faster when the task-irrelevant stimulus position and the response position are corresponding, for example on the same side, compared to when they have a non-corresponding relation. Interestingly, this Simon effect is reduced after non-corresponding trials. Such sequential effects can be explained in terms of a more focused processing of the relevant stimulus dimension due to increased cognitive control, which transfers from the previous non-corresponding trial (conflict adaptation effects). Alternatively, sequential modulations of the Simon effect can also be due to the degree of trial-to-trial repetitions and alternations of task features, which is confounded with the correspondence sequence (feature integration effects). In the present study, we used a spatially two-dimensional Simon task with vertical response keys to examine the contribution of adaptive cognitive control and feature integration processes to the sequential modulation of the Simon effect. The two-dimensional Simon task creates correspondences in the vertical as well as in the horizontal dimension. A trial-by-trial alternation of the spatial dimension, for example from a vertical to a horizontal stimulus presentation, generates a subset containing no complete repetitions of task features, but only complete alternations and partial repetitions, which are equally distributed over all correspondence sequences. In line with the assumed feature integration effects, we found sequential modulations of the Simon effect only when the spatial dimension repeated. At least for the horizontal dimension, this pattern was confirmed by the parietal P3b, an event-related potential that is assumed to reflect stimulus-response link processes. Contrary to conflict adaptation effects, cognitive control, measured by the fronto-central N2 component of the EEG, was not sequentially modulated. Overall, our data provide behavioral as well as electrophysiological evidence for feature integration effects contributing to sequential modulations of the Simon effect.

SSE Announcement - New GIS Web Mapping Applications and Services

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2016-06-30

Dear SSE Users, We are excited to announce SSE-GIS v1.0.3 is now available! If you haven’t already noticed the link to the new SSE-GIS web application on the SSE homepage entitled “GIS Web Mapping ...

The carry-over effect of competition in task-sharing: evidence from the joint Simon task.

PubMed

Iani, Cristina; Anelli, Filomena; Nicoletti, Roberto; Rubichi, Sandro

2014-01-01

The Simon effect, that is the advantage of the spatial correspondence between stimulus and response locations when stimulus location is a task-irrelevant dimension, occurs even when the task is performed together by two participants, each performing a go/no-go task. Previous studies showed that this joint Simon effect, considered by some authors as a measure of self-other integration, does not emerge when during task performance co-actors are required to compete. The present study investigated whether and for how long competition experienced during joint performance of one task can affect performance in a following joint Simon task. In two experiments, we required pairs of participants to perform together a joint Simon task, before and after jointly performing together an unrelated non-spatial task (the Eriksen flanker task). In Experiment 1, participants always performed the joint Simon task under neutral instructions, before and after performing the joint flanker task in which they were explicitly required either to cooperate with (i.e., cooperative condition) or to compete against a co-actor (i.e., competitive condition). In Experiment 2, they were required to compete during the joint flanker task and to cooperate during the subsequent joint Simon task. Competition experienced in one task affected the way the subsequent joint task was performed, as revealed by the lack of the joint Simon effect, even though, during the Simon task participants were not required to compete (Experiment 1). However, prior competition no longer affected subsequent performance if a new goal that created positive interdependence between the two agents was introduced (Experiment 2). These results suggest that the emergence of the joint Simon effect is significantly influenced by how the goals of the co-acting individuals are related, with the effect of competition extending beyond the specific competitive setting and affecting subsequent interactions.

Key Ingredients for Sustained Excellence

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-04-01

7 Habits of Highly Effective People , (New...Warner Books, Inc., 1993), 47-48. 2 Stephen R. Covey, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People (New York: Simon & Schuster, Inc., 1989), 188-200. 3 Max...Centered Leadership. New York: Simon & Schuster Inc., 1992. Covey, Stephen R., The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People . New York: Simon &

How different location modes influence responses in a Simon-like task.

PubMed

Luo, Chunming; Proctor, Robert W

2017-11-01

Spatial information can be conveyed not only by stimulus position but by the meaning of a location word or direction of an arrow. We examined whether all the location-, arrow- and word-based Simon effects or some of them can be observed when a location word or an arrow is presented eccentrically and a left-right keypress is made to indicate its ink color. Results showed that only the location-based Simon effect was observed for location words, whereas an additional smaller arrow-based Simon effect, compared to the location-based Simon effect was observed, for arrows. These results showed spatial location, arrow direction, and location word stimulus dimensions affect response position codes in a spatial-to-verbal priority order, consistent with the possibility that they can activate mode-specific spatial representations.

A Simon effect for depth in three-dimensional displays.

PubMed

Rigon, Jessica; Massaccesi, Stefano; Umiltà, Carlo

2011-01-01

We investigated whether the Simon effect occurs for the depth dimension in a 3-dimensional display. In Experiment 1, participants executed discriminative responses to 2 stimuli, a cross and a sphere, both 3-dimensional, which were perceived to be located near or far with respect to the participant's body. The response keys were located near and far along the participant's midline. Apparent stimulus spatial location (near or far) was irrelevant to the task. Results showed a depth Simon effect, attributable to the apparent stimulus spatial location. Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1 with a different procedure. The 2 stimuli, a triangle and a rectangle, were 2-dimensional and were perceived as being located near or far from the participant's midline; the response keys were located near and far along the participant's midline. Results showed again the depth Simon effect. Experiment 3 was a control condition in which the 2 stimuli, drawings of a lamp and of a chair, had the same size, regardless of whether they appeared to be near or far. The depth Simon effect was replicated. A distribution analysis on data of Experiment 3 showed that the Simon effect increased as reaction times became longer. In Experiment 4, the position of the 2 stimuli, a circle and a cross, varied on the horizontal (right or left) dimension, whereas the position of the 2 responses varied along the depth (near or far) dimension. No Simon effect was found.

Enhanced thermo-spin effects in iron-oxide/metal multilayers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ramos, R.; Lucas, I.; Algarabel, P. A.; Morellón, L.; Uchida, K.; Saitoh, E.; Ibarra, M. R.

2018-06-01

Since the discovery of the spin Seebeck effect (SSE), much attention has been devoted to the study of the interaction between heat, spin, and charge in magnetic systems. The SSE refers to the generation of a spin current upon the application of a thermal gradient and detected by means of the inverse spin Hall effect. Conversely, the spin Peltier effect (SPE) refers to the generation of a heat current as a result of a spin current induced by the spin Hall effect. Here we report a strong enhancement of both the SSE and SPE in Fe3O4/Pt multilayered thin films at room temperature as a result of an increased thermo-spin conversion efficiency in the multilayers. These results open the possibility to design thin film heterostructures that may boost the application of thermal spin currents in spintronics.

Simon and Garner effects with color and location: Evidence for two independent routes by which irrelevant location influences performance.

PubMed

Fitousi, Daniel

2016-11-01

Classic theories of attention assume that the processing of a target's featural dimension (e.g., color) is contingent on the processing of its spatial location. The present study challenges this maxim. Three experiments evaluated the dimensional independence of spatial location and color using a combined Simon (Simon & Rudell Journal of Applied Psychology: 51, 300-304, 1967) and Garner (Garner, 1974) design. The results showed that when the stimulus's spatial location was rendered more discriminable than its color (Experiment 1 and 2), both Simon and Garner effects were obtained, and location interfered with color judgments to a larger extent than color intruded on location. However, when baseline discriminabilities of location and color were matched (Experiment 3), no Garner interference was obtained from location to color, yet Simon effects still emerged, proving resilient to manipulations of discriminability. Further correlational and distributional analyses showed that Garner and Simon effects have dissociable effects. A triple-route model is proposed to account for the results, according to which irrelevant location can influence performance via two independent location routes/codes.

The joint flanker effect and the joint Simon effect: On the comparability of processes underlying joint compatibility effects.

PubMed

Dittrich, Kerstin; Bossert, Marie-Luise; Rothe-Wulf, Annelie; Klauer, Karl Christoph

2017-09-01

Previous studies observed compatibility effects in different interference paradigms such as the Simon and flanker task even when the task was distributed across two co-actors. In both Simon and flanker tasks, performance is improved in compatible trials relative to incompatible trials if one actor works on the task alone as well as if two co-actors share the task. These findings have been taken to indicate that actors automatically co-represent their co-actor's task. However, recent research on the joint Simon and joint flanker effect suggests alternative non-social interpretations. To which degree both joint effects are driven by the same underlying processes is the question of the present study, and it was scrutinized by manipulating the visibility of the co-actor. While the joint Simon effect was not affected by the visibility of the co-actor, the joint flanker effect was reduced when participants did not see their co-actors but knew where the co-actors were seated. These findings provide further evidence for a spatial interpretation of the joint Simon effect. In contrast to recent claims, however, we propose a new explanation of the joint flanker effect that attributes the effect to an impairment in the focusing of spatial attention contingent on the visibility of the co-actor.

Valley-locked thermospin effect in silicene and germanene with asymmetric magnetic field induced by ferromagnetic proximity effect

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhai, Xuechao; Wang, Yun-Tong; Wen, Rui; Wang, Shu-Xuan; Tian, Yue; Zhou, Xingfei; Chen, Wei; Yang, Zhihong

2018-02-01

Silicene and germanene, as graphenelike materials with observable spin-orbit couplings and two distinctive valleys, have potential applications in future low-dissipation spintronics and valleytronics. We here propose a magnetic system of silicene or germanene intercalated between two ferromagetic (FM) dielectric layers, and find that the system with a proximity-induced asymmetric magnetic field supports an attractive phenomenon named the valley-locked spin-dependent Seebeck effect (VL-SSE) driven by a thermal gradient. The VL-SSE indicates that the carries from only one valley could be thermally excited, with opposite spin polarization counterpropagating along the thermal gradient direction, while nearly no carrier from the other insulating valley is excited due to the relatively wide band gap. It is also illustrated that the VL-SSE here does not survive in the usual FM or anti-FM systems, and can be destroyed by the overlarge temperature broadening. Moreover, we prove that the signal for VL-SSE can be weakened gradually with the enhancement of the local interlayer electric field, and be strengthened lineally by increasing the source-drain temperature difference in a caloritronic field effect transistor. Further calculations indicate that the VL-SSE is robust against many perturbations, including the global and local Fermi levels as well as the magnetic strength. These findings about the valley-locked thermospin effect provide a nontrivial and convenient dimension to control the quantum numbers of spin and valley and are expected to be applied in future spin-valley logic circuits and energy-saving devices.

Magnon Polarons in the Spin Seebeck Effect.

PubMed

Kikkawa, Takashi; Shen, Ka; Flebus, Benedetta; Duine, Rembert A; Uchida, Ken-Ichi; Qiu, Zhiyong; Bauer, Gerrit E W; Saitoh, Eiji

2016-11-11

Sharp structures in the magnetic field-dependent spin Seebeck effect (SSE) voltages of Pt/Y_{3}Fe_{5}O_{12} at low temperatures are attributed to the magnon-phonon interaction. Experimental results are well reproduced by a Boltzmann theory that includes magnetoelastic coupling. The SSE anomalies coincide with magnetic fields tuned to the threshold of magnon-polaron formation. The effect gives insight into the relative quality of the lattice and magnetization dynamics.

The joint Simon effect: a review and theoretical integration

PubMed Central

Dolk, Thomas; Hommel, Bernhard; Colzato, Lorenza S.; Schütz-Bosbach, Simone; Prinz, Wolfgang; Liepelt, Roman

2014-01-01

The social or joint Simon effect has been developed to investigate how and to what extent people mentally represent their own and other persons' action/task and how these cognitive representations influence an individual's own behavior when interacting with another person. Here, we provide a review of the available evidence and theoretical frameworks. Based on this review, we suggest a comprehensive theory that integrates aspects of earlier approaches–the Referential Coding Account. This account provides an alternative to the social interpretation of the (joint) go-nogo Simon effect (aka the social Simon effect) and is able to integrate seemingly opposite findings on joint action. PMID:25249991

A Simon Effect With Stationary Moving Stimuli

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bosbach, Simone; Prinz, Wolfgang; Kerzel, Dirk

2004-01-01

To clarify whether motion information per se has a separable influence on action control, the authors investigated whether irrelevant direction of motion of stimuli whose overall position was constant over time would affect manual left-right responses (i.e., reveal a motion-based Simon effect). In Experiments 1 and 2, significant Simon effects…

Influence of short incompatible practice on the Simon effect: transfer along the vertical dimension and across vertical and horizontal dimensions.

PubMed

Conde, Erick F Q; Fraga-Filho, Roberto Sena; Lameira, Allan Pablo; Mograbi, Daniel C; Riggio, Lucia; Gawryszewski, Luiz G

2015-11-01

In spatial compatibility and Simon tasks, the response is faster when stimulus and response locations are on the same side than when they are on opposite sides. It has been shown that a spatial incompatible practice leads to a subsequent modulation of the Simon effect along the horizontal dimension. It has also been reported that this modulation occurs both along and across vertical and horizontal dimensions, but only after intensive incompatible training (600 trials). In this work, we show that this modulatory effect can be obtained with a smaller number of incompatible trials, changing the spatial arrangement of the vertical response keys to obtain a stronger dimensional overlap between the spatial codes of stimuli and response keys. The results of Experiment 1 showed that 80 incompatible vertical trials abolished the Simon effect in the same dimension. Experiment 2 showed that a modulation of the vertical Simon effect could be obtained after 80 horizontal incompatible trials. Experiment 3 explored whether the transfer effect can also occur in a horizontal Simon task after a brief vertical spatial incompatibility task, and results were similar to the previous experiments. In conclusion, we suggest that the spatial arrangement between response key and stimulus locations may be critical to establish the short-term memory links that enable the transfer of learning between brief incompatible practices and the Simon effects, both along the vertical dimension and across vertical and horizontal dimensions.

The Simon effect in action: planning and/or on-line control effects?

PubMed

Scorolli, Claudia; Pellicano, Antonello; Nicoletti, Roberto; Rubichi, Sandro; Castiello, Umberto

2015-07-01

Choice reaction tasks are performed faster when stimulus location corresponds to response location (Simon effect). This spatial stimulus-response compatibility effect affects performance at the level of action planning and execution. However, when response selection is completed before movement initiation, the Simon effect arises only at the planning level. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether when a precocious response selection is requested, the Simon effect can be detected on the kinematics characterizing the online control phase of a non-ballistic movement. Participants were presented with red or green colored squares, which could appear on the right, left, above, or below a central cross. Depending on the square's color, participants had to release one of two buttons (right/left), then reach toward and press a corresponding lateral pad. We found evidence of the Simon effect on both action planning and on-line control. Moreover, the investigation of response conflict at the level of previous trials (i.e., n-1), a factor that might determine interference at the level of the current response, revealed a conflict adaptation process across trials. Results are discussed in terms of current theories concerned with the Simon effect and the distinction between action planning and control. Copyright © 2014 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.

Barriers to success: physical separation optimizes event-file retrieval in shared workspaces.

PubMed

Klempova, Bibiana; Liepelt, Roman

2017-07-08

Sharing tasks with other persons can simplify our work and life, but seeing and hearing other people's actions may also be very distracting. The joint Simon effect (JSE) is a standard measure of referential response coding when two persons share a Simon task. Sequential modulations of the joint Simon effect (smJSE) are interpreted as a measure of event-file processing containing stimulus information, response information and information about the just relevant control-state active in a given social situation. This study tested effects of physical (Experiment 1) and virtual (Experiment 2) separation of shared workspaces on referential coding and event-file processing using a joint Simon task. In Experiment 1, participants performed this task in individual (go-nogo), joint and standard Simon task conditions with and without a transparent curtain (physical separation) placed along the imagined vertical midline of the monitor. In Experiment 2, participants performed the same tasks with and without receiving background music (virtual separation). For response times, physical separation enhanced event-file retrieval indicated by an enlarged smJSE in the joint Simon task with curtain than without curtain (Experiment1), but did not change referential response coding. In line with this, we also found evidence for enhanced event-file processing through physical separation in the joint Simon task for error rates. Virtual separation did neither impact event-file processing, nor referential coding, but generally slowed down response times in the joint Simon task. For errors, virtual separation hampered event-file processing in the joint Simon task. For the cognitively more demanding standard two-choice Simon task, we found music to have a degrading effect on event-file retrieval for response times. Our findings suggest that adding a physical separation optimizes event-file processing in shared workspaces, while music seems to lead to a more relaxed task processing mode under shared task conditions. In addition, music had an interfering impact on joint error processing and more generally when dealing with a more complex task in isolation.

Role of damping in spin Seebeck effect in yttrium iron garnet thin films

PubMed Central

Chang, Houchen; Praveen Janantha, P. A.; Ding, Jinjun; Liu, Tao; Cline, Kevin; Gelfand, Joseph N.; Li, Wei; Marconi, Mario C.; Wu, Mingzhong

2017-01-01

The role of damping in the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) was studied experimentally for the first time. The experiments used Y3Fe5O12 (YIG)/Pt bilayered structures where the YIG films exhibit very similar structural and static magnetic properties but very different damping. The data show that a decrease in the damping gives rise to an increase in the SSE coefficient, which is qualitatively consistent with some of the theoretical models. This response also shows quasi-linear behavior, which was not predicted explicitly by previous studies. The data also indicate that the SSE coefficient shows no notable correlations with the enhanced damping due to spin pumping, which can be understood in the frame of two existing models. PMID:28435873

Tool and data interoperability in the SSE system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shotton, Chuck

1988-01-01

Information is given in viewgraph form on tool and data interoperability in the Software Support Environment (SSE). Information is given on industry problems, SSE system interoperability issues, SSE solutions to tool and data interoperability, and attainment of heterogeneous tool/data interoperability.

Independence between implicit and explicit processing as revealed by the Simon effect.

PubMed

Lo, Shih-Yu; Yeh, Su-Ling

2011-09-01

Studies showing human behavior influenced by subliminal stimuli mainly focus on implicit processing per se, and little is known about its interaction with explicit processing. We examined this by using the Simon effect, wherein a task-irrelevant spatial distracter interferes with lateralized response. Lo and Yeh (2008) found that the visual Simon effect, although it occurred when participants were aware of the visual distracters, did not occur with subliminal visual distracters. We used the same paradigm and examined whether subliminal and supra-threshold stimuli are processed independently by adding a supra-threshold auditory distracter to ascertain whether it would interact with the subliminal visual distracter. Results showed auditory Simon effect, but there was still no visual Simon effect, indicating that supra-threshold and subliminal stimuli are processed separately in independent streams. In contrast to the traditional view that implicit processing precedes explicit processing, our results suggest that they operate independently in a parallel fashion. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Antilipogenic and hypolipidemic effects of ethanol extracts from two variants of Artemisia princeps Pampanini in obese diabetic mice.

PubMed

Jung, Un Ju; Baek, Nam-In; Chung, Hae-Gon; Jeong, Tae-Sook; Lee, Kyung Tae; Lee, Mi-Kyung; Choi, Myung-Sook

2009-12-01

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the ethanol extract of two variants of Artemisia princeps Pampanini, Sajabalssuk (SB) and Sajuarissuk (SS), on lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic animals. Male C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were divided into control, SB ethanol extract (SBE) (0.171 g/100 g of diet), SS ethanol extract (SSE) (0.154 g/100 g of diet), and rosiglitazone (RG) (0.005 g/100 g of diet) groups. Supplementation of SBE and SSE significantly lowered the plasma levels of free fatty acid, triglyceride, and total cholesterol compared to the control group. The hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol contents and hepatic lipid droplets accumulation were also significantly lower in the SBE- and SSE-supplemented db/db mice than in the control or RG-supplemented db/db mice. Reductions of hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol contents in the SBE and SSE groups were related to the suppression of hepatic lipogenic enzyme activities, fatty acid synthesis (fatty acid synthase and malic enzyme), triglyceride synthesis (phosphatidate phosphohydrolase), and cholesterol synthesis (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase) and esterification (acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase). The RG supplement lowered plasma and hepatic lipid levels compared to the control group. However, RG significantly increased the white and brown adipose tissue weight and epididymal adipocyte size, whereas SBE and SSE lowered the brown adipose tissue weight and epididymal adipocyte size compared to the RG group. Together, these data suggest that supplementation of SBE and SSE partly improves lipid dysregulation and fatty liver in db/db mice by suppressing hepatic lipogenic enzyme activities.

Separation of spin Seebeck effect and anomalous Nernst effect in Co/Cu/YIG

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tian, Dai; State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433; Li, Yufan

2015-05-25

The spin Seebeck effect (SSE) and Anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) have been observed in Co/Cu/YIG (yttrium iron garnet) multi-layer structure, where the ferromagnetic insulator YIG acts as the pure spin injector and the ferromagnetic metal Co layer acts as the spin current detector. With the insertion of 5 nm Cu layer, the two ferromagnetic layers are decoupled, thus allowing unambiguous separation of the SSE and ANE contributions under the same experimental conditions in the same sample.

Separation of spin Seebeck effect and anomalous Nernst effect in Co/Cu/YIG

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tian, Dai; Li, Yufan; Qu, D.

2015-05-25

The spin Seebeck effect (SSE) and Anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) have been observed in Co/Cu/YIG (yttrium iron garnet) multi-layer structure, where the ferromagnetic insulator YIG acts as the pure spin injector and the ferromagnetic metal Co layer acts as the spin current detector. With the insertion of 5 nm Cu layer, the two ferromagnetic layers are decoupled, thus allowing unambiguous separation of the SSE and ANE contributions under the same experimental conditions in the same sample.

The function of the yeast molecular chaperone Sse1 is mechanistically distinct from the closely related hsp70 family.

PubMed

Shaner, Lance; Trott, Amy; Goeckeler, Jennifer L; Brodsky, Jeffrey L; Morano, Kevin A

2004-05-21

The Sse1/Hsp110 molecular chaperones are a poorly understood subgroup of the Hsp70 chaperone family. Hsp70 can refold denatured polypeptides via a C-terminal peptide binding domain (PBD), which is regulated by nucleotide cycling in an N-terminal ATPase domain. However, unlike Hsp70, both Sse1 and mammalian Hsp110 bind unfolded peptide substrates but cannot refold them. To test the in vivo requirement for interdomain communication, SSE1 alleles carrying amino acid substitutions in the ATPase domain were assayed for their ability to complement sse1Delta yeast. Surprisingly, all mutants predicted to abolish ATP hydrolysis (D8N, K69Q, D174N, D203N) complemented the temperature sensitivity of sse1Delta and lethality of sse1Deltasse2Delta cells, whereas mutations in predicted ATP binding residues (G205D, G233D) were non-functional. Complementation ability correlated well with ATP binding assessed in vitro. The extreme C terminus of the Hsp70 family is required for substrate targeting and heterocomplex formation with other chaperones, but mutant Sse1 proteins with a truncation of up to 44 C-terminal residues that were not included in the PBD were active. Remarkably, the two domains of Sse1, when expressed in trans, functionally complement the sse1Delta growth phenotype and interact by coimmunoprecipitation analysis. In addition, a functional PBD was required to stabilize the Sse1 ATPase domain, and stabilization also occurred in trans. These data represent the first structure-function analysis of this abundant but ill defined chaperone, and establish several novel aspects of Sse1/Hsp110 function relative to Hsp70.

Influence of Quality of Relationship Between Patient With Melanoma and Partner on Partner-Assisted Skin Examination Education: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

PubMed

Hultgren, Brittney A; Turrisi, Rob; Mallett, Kimberly A; Ackerman, Sarah; Robinson, June K

2016-02-01

Melanoma has a high survival rate if it is detected early. Training patients with early-stage melanoma who are at risk of developing new melanomas to perform skin self-examination (SSE) may improve survival. To examine for whom the intervention works best in a sample composed of dyads of patients with melanoma and skin-check partners who received an SSE intervention vs customary care. For 494 patients with stage 0 to IIB melanoma (mean age, 55 years; 253 [51.2%] females) and their skin-check partners (mean age, 55 years; 280 [56.7%] females), a randomized clinical trial was conducted in ambulatory care dermatologic offices from June 6, 2011, to April 14, 2014. Follow-up assessments were performed at 12 months. Analysis was performed between March 23 and June 25, 2015. Dyads of 494 patients and their partners were randomly assigned to receive the intervention (395 patients) or customary care (control) (99 patients). The main outcome was patient SSE self-efficacy. Partner motivation to assist with SSE and relationship quality (eg, agreeability, activities with partner, and happiness) were assessed for moderation of the influence of the intervention's effect on SSE self-efficacy. Relationship quality, defined by activities with the partner (β = -0.892, SE = 0.432, t = -2.066; P = .001) and happiness (β = -4.586, SE = 2.044, t = -2.24; P = .001), significantly moderated the intervention effects on patients' SSE self-efficacy. In contrast, patient-partner agreeability (β = -0.262, SE = 0.148, t = -1.773; P = .09) and partner motivation (β = -0.328, SE = 1.024, t = -0.320; P = .10) did not significantly moderate the intervention effects on patients' SSE self-efficacy. Differences between the conditions were highest when activities performed with the partner were below average (mean difference, 6.652; P = .001) and when happiness was below average (mean difference, 7.000; P = .001). Although everyone receiving the intervention experienced some benefit, the findings indicate the greatest increases in self-efficacy were observed for those with below-average activities performed with the partner and happiness. The training of patients with melanoma and their partners in early-detection SSE benefited some more than others. Pairs who have low relationship quality, as determined by activities performed with the partner and happiness, may have received the greatest benefits from the training intervention because they were given an activity to perform together. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01432860.

Numerical Simulation of Slow Slip and Dynamic Rupture in the Cascadia Subduction Zone

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Segall, P.; Bradley, A. M.

2010-12-01

Seismic and geodetic observations are consistent with slow-slip events (SSE) occurring down-dip of the locked megathrust in regions of anomalously high pore pressure p. We hypothesize that at low effective normal stress (σ -p), dilatancy stabilizes velocity weakening faults, whereas at higher (σ -p), thermal pressurization overwhelms dilatancy, which leads to dynamic slip. We present two-dimensional half-space simulations that include rate-state friction, dilatancy (following Segall and Rice [1995]), and heat and pore-fluid flow normal to the fault. The system of equations is an index-1 differential algebraic equation (DAE) in slip δ , state θ , fault zone porosity φ , p, and T. We integrate θ , φ , and δ explicitly; solve the stress-balance equation on the fault; and integrate p and T implicitly. Numerical methods are discussed in Bradley and Segall [this meeting]. We take depth-variable frictional properties (based on lab experiments on gabbro, similar to Liu and Rice [2009]) that yield a transition from velocity strengthening to weakening friction at ˜ 33 km depth. We assume low effective stress, presumed to be driven by dehydration reactions, in the ˜ 25 to ˜ 40 km depth range. Simulations reveal generic behavior: dynamic events (DE) repeat every few hundred years, and between each DE is a quiescent period and then a long sequence of SSE. If the width of the low effective stress region exceeds a critical dimension, the SSE penetrate up-dip with time. During this period, the SSE moment rates generally (but not monotonically) increase with time. Eventually slip speeds become high enough to induce thermal pressurization, which nucleates a DE. The predicted behavior, in terms of SSE slip, stress drop, and repeat time bear many similarities to SSE in Cascadia. In related experiments [Chen et al, this meeting] we explore the role of heterogeneous permeability in generating low-frequency earthquakes and tremor. In all cases examined, slow slip fails to accommodate plate motion, and DE propagate through the SSE zone. To test model predictions against GPS data, we develop a pseudo-3D method that accounts for the markedly non-2D geometry of the plate interface. The approach employs 3D elastic Green's functions but assumes that slip rate is a function of depth only, as computed in the physics based model. We discuss whether or not steady creep is required above the SSE region to satisfy the inter-ETS GPS velocities, and the distribution of physical parameters that might permit this to occur (without artificially requiring an additional velocity strengthening region).

NASA's RPS Design Reference Mission Set for Solar System Exploration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Balint, Tibor S.

2007-01-01

NASA's 2006 Solar System Exploration (SSE) Strategic Roadmap identified a set of proposed large Flagship, medium New Frontiers and small Discovery class missions, addressing key exploration objectives. These objectives respond to the recommendations by the National Research Council (NRC), reported in the SSE Decadal Survey. The SSE Roadmap is down-selected from an over-subscribed set of missions, called the SSE Design Reference Mission (DRM) set. Missions in the Flagship and New Frontiers classes can consider Radioisotope Power Systems (RPSs), while small Discovery class missions are not permitted to use them, due to cost constraints. In line with the SSE DRM set and the SSE Roadmap missions, the RPS DRM set represents a set of missions, which can be enabled or enhanced by RPS technologies. At present, NASA has proposed the development of two new types of RPSs. These are the Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (MMRTG), with static power conversion; and the Stirling Radioisotope Generator (SRG), with dynamic conversion. Advanced RPSs, under consideration for possible development, aim to increase specific power levels. In effect, this would either increase electric power generation for the same amount of fuel, or reduce fuel requirements for the same power output, compared to the proposed MMRTG or SRG. Operating environments could also influence the design, such that an RPS on the proposed Titan Explorer would use smaller fins to minimize heat rejection in the extreme cold environment; while the Venus Mobile Explorer long-lived in-situ mission would require the development of a new RPS, in order to tolerate the extreme hot environment, and to simultaneously provide active cooling to the payload and other electric components. This paper discusses NASA's SSE RPS DRM set, in line with the SSE DRM set. It gives a qualitative assessment regarding the impact of various RPS technology and configuration options on potential mission architectures, which could support NASA's RPS technology development planning, and provide an understanding of fuel need trades over the next three decades.

The influence of dimensional overlap on location-related priming in the Simon task.

PubMed

Lehle, Carola; Stürmer, Birgit; Sommer, Werner

2013-01-01

Choice reaction times are shorter when stimulus and response locations are compatible than when they are incompatible as in the Simon effect. Recent studies revealed that Simon effects are strongly attenuated when there is temporal overlap with a different high-priority task, accompanied by a decrease of early location-related response priming as reflected in the lateralized readiness potential (LRP). The latter result was obtained in a study excluding overlap of stimulus location with any other dimension in the tasks. Independent evidence suggests that location-related priming might be present in conditions with dimensional overlap. Here we tested this prediction in a dual-task experiment supplemented with recording LRPs. The secondary task was either a standard Simon task where irrelevant stimulus location overlapped with dimensions of the primary task or a Stroop-like Simon task including additional overlap of irrelevant and relevant stimulus attributes. At high temporal overlap, there was no Simon effect nor was there stimulus-related response priming in either condition. Therefore stimulus-triggered response priming seems to be abolished in conditions of limited capacity even if the likelihood of an S-R compatibility effect is maximized.

Structural basis for the glycosyltransferase activity of the Salmonella effector SseK3.

PubMed

Esposito, Diego; Günster, Regina A; Martino, Luigi; El Omari, Kamel; Wagner, Armin; Thurston, Teresa L M; Rittinger, Katrin

2018-04-06

The Salmonella -secreted effector SseK3 translocates into host cells, targeting innate immune responses, including NF-κB activation. SseK3 is a glycosyltransferase that transfers an N -acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety onto the guanidino group of a target arginine, modulating host cell function. However, a lack of structural information has precluded elucidation of the molecular mechanisms in arginine and GlcNAc selection. We report here the crystal structure of SseK3 in its apo form and in complex with hydrolyzed UDP-GlcNAc. SseK3 possesses the typical glycosyltransferase type-A (GT-A)-family fold and the metal-coordinating D X D motif essential for ligand binding and enzymatic activity. Several conserved residues were essential for arginine GlcNAcylation and SseK3-mediated inhibition of NF-κB activation. Isothermal titration calorimetry revealed SseK3's preference for manganese coordination. The pattern of interactions in the substrate-bound SseK3 structure explained the selection of the primary ligand. Structural rearrangement of the C-terminal residues upon ligand binding was crucial for SseK3's catalytic activity, and NMR analysis indicated that SseK3 has limited UDP-GlcNAc hydrolysis activity. The release of free N -acetyl α-d-glucosamine, and the presence of the same molecule in the SseK3 active site, classified it as a retaining glycosyltransferase. A glutamate residue in the active site suggested a double-inversion mechanism for the arginine N -glycosylation reaction. Homology models of SseK1, SseK2, and the Escherichia coli orthologue NleB1 reveal differences in the surface electrostatic charge distribution, possibly accounting for their diverse activities. This first structure of a retaining GT-A arginine N -glycosyltransferase provides an important step toward a better understanding of this enzyme class and their roles as bacterial effectors. © 2018 Esposito et al.

Comparison of two Simon tasks: neuronal correlates of conflict resolution based on coherent motion perception.

PubMed

Wittfoth, Matthias; Buck, Daniela; Fahle, Manfred; Herrmann, Manfred

2006-08-15

The present study aimed at characterizing the neural correlates of conflict resolution in two variations of the Simon effect. We introduced two different Simon tasks where subjects had to identify shapes on the basis of form-from-motion perception (FFMo) within a randomly moving dot field, while (1) motion direction (motion-based Simon task) or (2) stimulus location (location-based Simon task) had to be ignored. Behavioral data revealed that both types of Simon tasks induced highly significant interference effects. Using event-related fMRI, we could demonstrate that both tasks share a common cluster of activated brain regions during conflict resolution (pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), superior parietal lobule (SPL), and cuneus) but also show task-specific activation patterns (left superior temporal cortex in the motion-based, and the left fusiform gyrus in the location-based Simon task). Although motion-based and location-based Simon tasks are conceptually very similar (Type 3 stimulus-response ensembles according to the taxonomy of [Kornblum, S., Stevens, G. (2002). Sequential effects of dimensional overlap: findings and issues. In: Prinz, W., Hommel., B. (Eds.), Common mechanism in perception and action. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 9-54]) conflict resolution in both tasks results in the activation of different task-specific regions probably related to the different sources of task-irrelevant information. Furthermore, the present data give evidence those task-specific regions are most likely to detect the relationship between task-relevant and task-irrelevant information.

Suppression of Chemotaxis by SSeCKS via Scaffolding of Phosphoinositol Phosphates and the Recruitment of the Cdc42 GEF, Frabin, to the Leading Edge

PubMed Central

Ko, Hyun-Kyung; Guo, Li-wu; Su, Bing; Gao, Lingqiu; Gelman, Irwin H.

2014-01-01

Chemotaxis is controlled by interactions between receptors, Rho-family GTPases, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases, and cytoskeleton remodeling proteins. We investigated how the metastasis suppressor, SSeCKS, attenuates chemotaxis. Chemotaxis activity inversely correlated with SSeCKS levels in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF), DU145 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. SSeCKS loss induced chemotactic velocity and linear directionality, correlating with replacement of leading edge lamellipodia with fascin-enriched filopodia-like extensions, the formation of thickened longitudinal F-actin stress fibers reaching to filopodial tips, relative enrichments at the leading edge of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)P3 (PIP3), Akt, PKC-ζ, Cdc42-GTP and active Src (SrcpoY416), and a loss of Rac1. Leading edge lamellipodia and chemotaxis inhibition in SSeCKS-null MEF could be restored by full-length SSeCKS or SSeCKS deleted of its Src-binding domain (ΔSrc), but not by SSeCKS deleted of its three MARCKS (myristylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate) polybasic domains (ΔPBD), which bind PIP2 and PIP3. The enrichment of activated Cdc42 in SSeCKS-null leading edge filopodia correlated with recruitment of the Cdc42-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Frabin, likely recruited via multiple PIP2/3-binding domains. Frabin knockdown in SSeCKS-null MEF restores leading edge lamellipodia and chemotaxis inhibition. However, SSeCKS failed to co-immunoprecipitate with Rac1, Cdc42 or Frabin. Consistent with the notion that chemotaxis is controlled by SSeCKS-PIP (vs. -Src) scaffolding activity, constitutively-active phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase could override the ability of the Src inhibitor, SKI-606, to suppress chemotaxis and filopodial enrichment of Frabin in SSeCKS-null MEF. Our data suggest a role for SSeCKS in controlling Rac1 vs. Cdc42-induced cellular dynamics at the leading chemotactic edge through the scaffolding of phospholipids and signal mediators, and through the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton controlling directional movement. PMID:25356636

Physical Demands, Mental Performance and Food Components in Military Settings

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-08-01

2004). Recently, this task showed to be sensitive for the performance enhancing effects of modafinil and caffeine (Simons et al. 2004, in press). 4.2.2...Simons, Struyvenberg et al., 1997; Valk, Van Roon, Simons, Rikken, 2004). Recently, the MAT also showed performance enhancing effects of modafinil and... Choline , a part of the B-vitamins complex, can pass the blood-brain barrier. It has however not showed any effect on cognitive functioning yet

Contextual determinants of the social-transfer-of-learning effect.

PubMed

Milanese, Nadia; Iani, Cristina; Sebanz, Natalie; Rubichi, Sandro

2011-06-01

A recent study (Milanese et al. in Cogn 116(1):15-22, 2010) showed that performing a spatial compatibility task with incompatible S-R links (i.e., the practice task) alongside a co-actor eliminates the Simon effect in a subsequent joint Simon task (i.e., the transfer task). In the present study, we conducted three experiments to individuate which elements of the practice task need to remain constant for this social-transfer-of-learning to occur. In Experiment 1, participants performed the practice task alongside a co-actor and the Simon task with a different co-actor; in Experiment 2, they performed the practice task alongside a co-actor and the Simon task with the same co-actor after exchanging their seats. Results showed a modulation of the joint Simon effect in Experiment 1 only. In Experiment 2, we found a regular joint Simon effect. These results indicate that, while co-actor identity is not crucial, other elements of the context, such as keeping the same position across tasks, are necessary for the social-transfer-of-learning to occur. On the whole, our data suggest that the social-transfer-of-learning effect is not tuned to a specific co-actor and depends on spatial parameters of the practice and transfer tasks.

Temporal dynamics of interference in Simon and Eriksen tasks considered within the context of a dual-process model.

PubMed

Mansfield, Karen L; van der Molen, Maurits W; Falkenstein, Michael; van Boxtel, Geert J M

2013-08-01

Behavioral and brain potential measures were employed to compare interference in Eriksen and Simon tasks. Assuming a dual-process model of interference elicited in speeded response tasks, we hypothesized that only lateralized stimuli in the Simon task induce fast S-R priming via direct unconditional processes, while Eriksen interference effects are induced later via indirect conditional processes. Delays to responses for incongruent trials were indeed larger in the Eriksen than in the Simon task. Only lateralized stimuli in the Simon task elicited early S-R priming, maximal at parietal areas. Incongruent flankers in the Eriksen task elicited interference later, visible as a lateralized N2. Eriksen interference also elicited an additional component (N350), which accounted for the larger behavioral interference effects in the Eriksen task. The findings suggest that interference and its resolution involve different processes for Simon and Eriksen tasks. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

SSE-GIS v1.03 Web Mapping Application Now Available

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-03-16

SSE-GIS v1.03 Web Mapping Application Now Available Wednesday, July 6, 2016 ... you haven’t already noticed the link to the new SSE-GIS web application on the SSE homepage entitled “GIS Web Mapping Applications and Services”, we invite you to visit the site. ...

School Self-Evaluations and School Inspections in Europe: An Exploratory Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Janssens, Frans J. G.; van Amelsvoort, Gonnie H. W. C. H.

2008-01-01

This article presents the results of an exploratory study into the effects of School Self-Evaluation (SSE) used by eight Education Inspectorates in seven European countries. This study reveals that in the countries where SSE is strongly incorporated into the school inspection system, there is a rather substantial degree of steering by the…

Spin Seebeck devices using local on-chip heating

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, Stephen M.; Fradin, Frank Y.; Hoffman, Jason

2015-05-07

A micro-patterned spin Seebeck device is fabricated using an on-chip heater. Current is driven through a Au heater layer electrically isolated from a bilayer consisting of Fe3O4 (insulating ferrimagnet) and a spin detector layer. It is shown that through this method it is possible to measure the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect (SSE) for small area magnetic devices, equivalent to traditional macroscopic SSE experiments. Using a lock-in detection technique, it is possible to more sensitively characterize both the SSE and the anomalous Nernst effect (ANE), as well as the inverse spin Hall effect in various spin detector materials. By using themore » spin detector layer as a thermometer, we can obtain a value for the temperature gradient across the device. These results are well matched to values obtained through electromagnetic/thermal modeling of the device structure and with large area spin Seebeck measurements.« less

Spin Seebeck devices using local on-chip heating

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, Stephen M., E-mail: swu@anl.gov; Fradin, Frank Y.; Hoffman, Jason

2015-05-07

A micro-patterned spin Seebeck device is fabricated using an on-chip heater. Current is driven through a Au heater layer electrically isolated from a bilayer consisting of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} (insulating ferrimagnet) and a spin detector layer. It is shown that through this method it is possible to measure the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect (SSE) for small area magnetic devices, equivalent to traditional macroscopic SSE experiments. Using a lock-in detection technique, it is possible to more sensitively characterize both the SSE and the anomalous Nernst effect (ANE), as well as the inverse spin Hall effect in various spin detector materials. Bymore » using the spin detector layer as a thermometer, we can obtain a value for the temperature gradient across the device. These results are well matched to values obtained through electromagnetic/thermal modeling of the device structure and with large area spin Seebeck measurements.« less

Gender differences in prevalence and correlates of high sexual self-efficacy among adolescents in Soweto, South Africa: implications for gender-sensitive research and programming.

PubMed

Closson, Kalysha; Dietrich, Janan; Lachowsky, Nathan J; Nkala, Busi; Cui, Zishan; Chia, Jason; Hogg, Robert S; Gray, Glenda; Kaida, Angela; Miller, Cari L

2018-04-01

Sexual self-efficacy (SSE) - one's confidence in their ability to perform given sexual behaviours, has been shown to predict adolescents' HIV-prevention practices (e.g., Condom use). Few studies within sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV incidence and prevalence disproportionately affects young women, have examined gendered differences in SSE. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify correlates of high-SSE separately among adolescent men and women (aged 14-19) in Soweto, South Africa using a previously validated SSE scale (high-SSE [>3/6 items]; study-alpha = 0.75). SSE scale items assessed self-efficacy related to sexual refusal and condom use. Adolescent women were significantly more likely to report high-SSE than adolescent men (72.3% versus 49.5%; p < 0.01). High-SSE among adolescent men was associated with more positive beliefs about sexual relationships and negatively associated with probable depression. High-SSE among adolescent women was associated with increased HIV knowledge, more positive beliefs about condom use and sexual relationships, having an adult in the home, and negatively associated with being an older adolescent (16-17 versus ≤15), and ever experiencing physical violence. Differences in prevalence and correlates of SSE among adolescent men and women in South Africa highlight important areas for gender-sensitive interventions. Targeted efforts to reduce negative sexual beliefs, improve HIV knowledge and mental well-being may improve SSE and thus the uptake of HIV-prevention practices among adolescent men. For adolescent women, findings indicate programming should move beyond individual-levels determinants of behaviour to focus on improving enabling environments (e.g., Reduced violence and improved family relationships) in which sexual agency can be enacted.

Annealing-temperature-dependent voltage-sign reversal in all-oxide spin Seebeck devices using RuO2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kirihara, Akihiro; Ishida, Masahiko; Yuge, Ryota; Ihara, Kazuki; Iwasaki, Yuma; Sawada, Ryohto; Someya, Hiroko; Iguchi, Ryo; Uchida, Ken-ichi; Saitoh, Eiji; Yorozu, Shinichi

2018-04-01

Thermoelectric converters based on the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) have attracted great attention due to their potential to offer novel applications such as energy harvesting and heat-flow sensing. For converting a SSE-induced spin current into an electric current, a transition metal film such as Pt, which exhibits large inverse spin-Hall effect (ISHE), has been typically used. In this work, we show an all-oxide SSE device using ruthenium oxide (RuO2) as a conductive film. We found that both the sign and magnitude of the SSE-induced ISHE voltage V appearing in the RuO2 film changes depending on the post annealing temperature, and that the magnitude can become larger than that of a standard SSE device using Pt. The similar sign change was also observed in Hall-resistance measurements of the RuO2 films. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectra of as-deposited and annealed RuO2 revealed that the annealing process substantially improved the long-range crystalline order in RuO2. This suggests that change in the crystalline order may modify the dominant ISHE mechanism or electronic states in RuO2, leading to the sign reversal of V as well as the Hall coefficient. Our result demonstrates that RuO2 is an interesting material not only as a practical ISHE film but also as a testbed to study physics of spin-to-charge converters that depend on their crystalline order.

Advanced tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater using raw and modified diatomite.

PubMed

Wu, Jinlu; Yang, Y S; Lin, Jinhua

2005-12-09

Advanced technology for more efficient and effective wastewater treatment is always timely needed. The feasibility of using raw and modified diatomite for advanced treatment of secondary sewage effluents (SSE) was investigated in this study. Raw diatomite at a dosing rate of 300 mg/l showed a similar potential as activated carbon for removing most organic pollutants and toxic metals from SSE. Its performance was found poor in removal of arsenic and crop nutrient constituents (e.g. ammoniacal nitrogen and phosphate) and remained unsatisfactory even when the dosing rate increased up to 500 mg/l. Where modified diatomite was in lieu of raw diatomite, the removal efficiency for all target constituents was improved by 20-50%. At the dosing rate of 150 mg/l, modified diatomite enabled the post-treated effluents to satisfy the discharge consents, with the levels of all target constituents below the regulatory limits. Modified diatomite has advantages over raw diatomite in improving removal efficiency and reducing the dosing rate required for satisfactory treatment of SSE. It is concluded that modified diatomite is much more effective and efficient than raw diatomite, as an alternative to activated carbon, for economic treatment of SSE.

Using the Flow-3D General Moving Object Model to Simulate Coupled Liquid Slosh - Container Dynamics on the SPHERES Slosh Experiment: Aboard the International Space Station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schulman, Richard; Kirk, Daniel; Marsell, Brandon; Roth, Jacob; Schallhorn, Paul

2013-01-01

The SPHERES Slosh Experiment (SSE) is a free floating experimental platform developed for the acquisition of long duration liquid slosh data aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The data sets collected will be used to benchmark numerical models to aid in the design of rocket and spacecraft propulsion systems. Utilizing two SPHERES Satellites, the experiment will be moved through different maneuvers designed to induce liquid slosh in the experiment's internal tank. The SSE has a total of twenty-four thrusters to move the experiment. In order to design slosh generating maneuvers, a parametric study with three maneuvers types was conducted using the General Moving Object (GMO) model in Flow-30. The three types of maneuvers are a translation maneuver, a rotation maneuver and a combined rotation translation maneuver. The effectiveness of each maneuver to generate slosh is determined by the deviation of the experiment's trajectory as compared to a dry mass trajectory. To fully capture the effect of liquid re-distribution on experiment trajectory, each thruster is modeled as an independent force point in the Flow-3D simulation. This is accomplished by modifying the total number of independent forces in the GMO model from the standard five to twenty-four. Results demonstrate that the most effective slosh generating maneuvers for all motions occurs when SSE thrusters are producing the highest changes in SSE acceleration. The results also demonstrate that several centimeters of trajectory deviation between the dry and slosh cases occur during the maneuvers; while these deviations seem small, they are measureable by SSE instrumentation.

Alcohol approach tendencies in heavy drinkers: comparison of effects in a Relevant Stimulus-Response Compatibility task and an approach/avoidance Simon task.

PubMed

Field, Matt; Caren, Rhiane; Fernie, Gordon; De Houwer, Jan

2011-12-01

Several recent studies suggest that alcohol-related cues elicit automatic approach tendencies in heavy drinkers. A variety of tasks have been used to demonstrate these effects, including Relevant Stimulus-Response Compatibility (R-SRC) tasks and variants of Simon tasks. Previous work with normative stimuli suggests that the R-SRC task may be more sensitive than Simon tasks because the activation of approach tendencies may depend on encoding of the stimuli as alcohol-related, which occurs in the R-SRC task but not in Simon tasks. Our aim was to directly compare these tasks for the first time in the context of alcohol use. We administered alcohol versions of an R-SRC task and a Simon task to 62 social drinkers, who were designated as heavy or light drinkers based on a median split of their weekly alcohol consumption. Results indicated that, compared to light drinkers, heavy drinkers were faster to approach, rather than avoid, alcohol-related pictures in the R-SRC task but not in the Simon task. Theoretical implications and methodological issues are discussed.

The influence of negative emotion on the Simon effect as reflected by p300.

PubMed

Ma, Qingguo; Shang, Qian

2013-01-01

The Simon effect refers to the phenomenon that reaction time (RT) is faster when stimulus and response location are congruent than when they are not. This study used the priming-target paradigm to explore the influence of induced negative emotion on the Simon effect with event-related potential techniques (ERPs). The priming stimuli were composed of two kinds of pictures, the negative and neutral pictures, selected from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). The target stimuli included chessboards of two color types. One was red and black the other one was green and black. Each chessboard was presented on the left or the right of the screen. The participants were asked to press the response keys according to the colors of the chessboards. It was called the congruent condition if the chessboard and the response key were on the same side, otherwise incongruent condition. In this study, the emotion-priming Simon effect was found in terms of RT and P300. Negative emotion compared with neutral emotion significantly enhanced the Simon effect in the cognitive process, reflected by a larger difference of P300 latency between the incongruent and congruent trials. The results suggest that the induced negative emotion influenced the Simon effect at the late stage of the cognitive process, and the P300 latency could be considered as the reference measure. These findings may be beneficial to researches in psychology and industrial engineering in the future.

Do you really represent my task? Sequential adaptation effects to unexpected events support referential coding for the joint Simon effect.

PubMed

Klempova, Bibiana; Liepelt, Roman

2016-07-01

Recent findings suggest that a Simon effect (SE) can be induced in Individual go/nogo tasks when responding next to an event-producing object salient enough to provide a reference for the spatial coding of one's own action. However, there is skepticism against referential coding for the joint Simon effect (JSE) by proponents of task co-representation. In the present study, we tested assumptions of task co-representation and referential coding by introducing unexpected double response events in a joint go/nogo and a joint independent go/nogo task. In Experiment 1b, we tested if task representations are functionally similar in joint and standard Simon tasks. In Experiment 2, we tested sequential updating of task co-representation after unexpected single response events in the joint independent go/nogo task. Results showed increased JSEs following unexpected events in the joint go/nogo and joint independent go/nogo task (Experiment 1a). While the former finding is in line with the assumptions made by both accounts (task co-representation and referential coding), the latter finding supports referential coding. In contrast to Experiment 1a, we found a decreased SE after unexpected events in the standard Simon task (Experiment 1b), providing evidence against the functional equivalence assumption between joint and two-choice Simon tasks of the task co-representation account. Finally, we found an increased JSE also following unexpected single response events (Experiment 2), ruling out that the findings of the joint independent go/nogo task in Experiment 1a were due to a re-conceptualization of the task situation. In conclusion, our findings support referential coding also for the joint Simon effect.

On the temporal dynamics of spatial stimulus-response transfer between spatial incompatibility and Simon tasks

PubMed Central

Ivanoff, Jason; Blagdon, Ryan; Feener, Stefanie; McNeil, Melanie; Muir, Paul H.

2014-01-01

The Simon effect refers to the performance (response time and accuracy) advantage for responses that spatially correspond to the task-irrelevant location of a stimulus. It has been attributed to a natural tendency to respond toward the source of stimulation. When location is task-relevant, however, and responses are intentionally directed away (incompatible) or toward (compatible) the source of the stimulation, there is also an advantage for spatially compatible responses over spatially incompatible responses. Interestingly, a number of studies have demonstrated a reversed, or reduced, Simon effect following practice with a spatial incompatibility task. One interpretation of this finding is that practicing a spatial incompatibility task disables the natural tendency to respond toward stimuli. Here, the temporal dynamics of this stimulus-response (S-R) transfer were explored with speed-accuracy trade-offs (SATs). All experiments used the mixed-task paradigm in which Simon and spatial compatibility/incompatibility tasks were interleaved across blocks of trials. In general, bidirectional S-R transfer was observed: while the spatial incompatibility task had an influence on the Simon effect, the task-relevant S-R mapping of the Simon task also had a small impact on congruency effects within the spatial compatibility and incompatibility tasks. These effects were generally greater when the task contexts were similar. Moreover, the SAT analysis of performance in the Simon task demonstrated that the tendency to respond to the location of the stimulus was not eliminated because of the spatial incompatibility task. Rather, S-R transfer from the spatial incompatibility task appeared to partially mask the natural tendency to respond to the source of stimulation with a conflicting inclination to respond away from it. These findings support the use of SAT methodology to quantitatively describe rapid response tendencies. PMID:25191217

Lead-Sulfide-Selenide Quantum Dots and Gold-Copper Alloy Nanoparticles Augment the Light-Harvesting Ability of Solar Cells.

PubMed

Das, Aparajita; Deepa, Melepurath; Ghosal, Partha

2017-04-05

Lead-sulfide-selenide (PbSSe) quantum dots (QDs) and gold-copper (AuCu) alloy nanoparticles (NPs) were incorporated into a cadmium sulfide (CdS)/titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) photoanode for the first time to achieve enhanced conversion of solar energy into electricity. PbSSe QDs with a band gap of 1.02 eV extend the light-harvesting range of the photoanode from the visible region to the near-infrared region. The conduction band (CB) edge of the PbSSe QDs is wedged between the CBs of TiO 2 and CdS; this additional level coupled with the good electrical conductivity of the dots facilitate charge transport and collection, and a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.44 % is achieved for the champion cell with the TiO 2 /PbSSe/CdS electrode. Upon including AuCu alloy NPs in the QD-sensitized electrodes, light absorption is enhance by plasmonic and light-scattering effects and also by the injection of hot electrons to the CBs of the QDs. Comparison of the incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency enhancement factors in addition to fluorescence decay and impedance studies reveal that the PbSSe QDs and AuCu alloy NPs promote charge injection to the current collector and increase the photogenerated charges produced, which thus enables the TiO 2 /PbSSe/CdS/AuCu cell to deliver the highest PCE of 5.26 % among all the various photoanode compositions used. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Social network-related risk factors for bloodborne virus infections among injection drug users receiving syringes through secondary exchange.

PubMed

De, Prithwish; Cox, Joseph; Boivin, Jean-François; Platt, Robert W; Jolly, Ann M

2008-01-01

Secondary syringe exchange (SSE) refers to the exchange of sterile syringes between injection drug users (IDUs). To date there has been limited examination of SSE in relation to the social networks of IDUs. This study aimed to identify characteristics of drug injecting networks associated with the receipt of syringes through SSE. Active IDUs were recruited from syringe exchange and methadone treatment programs in Montreal, Canada, between April 2004 and January 2005. Information on each participant and on their drug-injecting networks was elicited using a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Subjects' network characteristics were examined in relation to SSE using regression models with generalized estimating equations. Of 218 participants, 126 were SSE recipients with 186 IDUs in their injecting networks. The 92 non-recipients reported 188 network IDUs. Networks of SSE recipients and non-recipients were similar with regard to network size and demographics of network members. In multivariate analyses adjusted for age and gender, SSE recipients were more likely than non-recipients to self-report being HIV-positive (OR=3.56 [1.54-8.23]); require or provide help with injecting (OR=3.74 [2.01-6.95]); have a social network member who is a sexual partner (OR=1.90 [1.11-3.24]), who currently attends a syringe exchange or methadone program (OR=2.33 [1.16-4.70]), injects daily (OR=1.77 [1.11-2.84]), and shares syringes with the subject (OR=2.24 [1.13-4.46]). SSE is associated with several injection-related risk factors that could be used to help focus public health interventions for risk reduction. Since SSE offers an opportunity for the dissemination of important prevention messages, SSE-based networks should be used to improve public health interventions. This approach can optimize the benefits of SSE while minimizing the potential risks associated with the practice of secondary exchange.

SSE Data and Information

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2013-01-31

Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) Data and Information   The Release 6.0 Surface meteorology and Solar ... Collaboration Benefits International Priorities of Energy Management" features SSE data and the RETScreen renewable energy tool. ( Read ...

Carcinogen-induced squamous papillomas and oncogenic progression in the absence of the SSeCKS/AKAP12 metastasis suppressor correlates with FAK upregulation

PubMed Central

Akakura, Shin; Bouchard, Rene; Bshara, Wiam; Morrison, Carl; Gelman, Irwin H.

2011-01-01

The ability of SSeCKS/Gravin/AKAP12 (SSeCKS) to negatively regulate cell cycle progression is thought to relate to its spatiotemporal scaffolding activity for key signaling molecules such as protein kinase A and C, calmodulin, and cyclins. SSeCKS is downregulated upon progression to malignancy in many cancer types, including melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The forced re-expression of SSeCKS is especially potent in suppressing metastasis through the inhibition of VEGF-mediated neovascularization. We have previously shown that SSeCKS-null (KO) mice exhibit hyperplasia and focal dysplasia in the prostate marked by activated Akt. To address whether KO-mice exhibit increased skin carcinogenesis, WT and KO C57BL/6 mice were treated topically with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene. Compared to WT mice, KO mice developed squamous papillomas more rapidly and in greater numbers, and also exhibited significantly increased progression to squamous cell carcinoma. Untreated KO epidermal layers were thicker than those in age-matched WT mice, and exhibited significantly increased levels of FAK and phospho-ERK1/2, known mediators of carcinogen-induced squamous papilloma progression to carcinoma. Compared to protein levels in WT mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF), SSeCKS levels were increased in FAK-null cells whereas FAK levels were increased in SSeCKS-null cells. RNAi studies in WT MEF cells suggest that SSeCKS and FAK attenuate each other’s expression. Our study implicates a role for SSeCKS in preventing of skin cancer progression possibly through negatively regulating FAK expression. PMID:21128249

Maxwell-Chern-Simons hydrodynamics for the chiral magnetic effect

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Oezoender, Sener

2010-06-15

The rate of vacuum-changing topological solutions of the gluon field, sphalerons, is estimated to be large at the typical temperatures of heavy-ion collisions, particularly at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Such windings in the gluon field are expected to produce parity-odd bubbles, which cause separation of positively and negatively charged quarks along the axis of the external magnetic field. This chiral magnetic effect can be mimicked by Chern-Simons modified electromagnetism. Here we present a model of relativistic hydrodynamics including the effects of axial anomalies via the Chern-Simons term.

Chern-Simons Term: Theory and Applications.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gupta, Kumar Sankar

1992-01-01

We investigate the quantization and applications of Chern-Simons theories to several systems of interest. Elementary canonical methods are employed for the quantization of abelian and nonabelian Chern-Simons actions using ideas from gauge theories and quantum gravity. When the spatial slice is a disc, it yields quantum states at the edge of the disc carrying a representation of the Kac-Moody algebra. We next include sources in this model and their quantum states are shown to be those of a conformal family. Vertex operators for both abelian and nonabelian sources are constructed. The regularized abelian Wilson line is proved to be a vertex operator. The spin-statistics theorem is established for Chern-Simons dynamics using purely geometrical techniques. Chern-Simons action is associated with exotic spin and statistics in 2 + 1 dimensions. We study several systems in which the Chern-Simons action affects the spin and statistics. The first class of systems we study consist of G/H models. The solitons of these models are shown to obey anyonic statistics in the presence of a Chern-Simons term. The second system deals with the effect of the Chern -Simons term in a model for high temperature superconductivity. The coefficient of the Chern-Simons term is shown to be quantized, one of its possible values giving fermionic statistics to the solitons of this model. Finally, we study a system of spinning particles interacting with 2 + 1 gravity, the latter being described by an ISO(2,1) Chern-Simons term. An effective action for the particles is obtained by integrating out the gauge fields. Next we construct operators which exchange the particles. They are shown to satisfy the braid relations. There are ambiguities in the quantization of this system which can be exploited to give anyonic statistics to the particles. We also point out that at the level of the first quantized theory, the usual spin-statistics relation need not apply to these particles.

Generation of spin currents from one-dimensional quantum spin liquid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hirobe, Daichi; Kawamata, Takayuki; Oyanagi, Koichi; Koike, Yoji; Saitoh, Eiji

2018-03-01

Spin-Seebeck effects (SSEs) in a one-dimensional quantum spin liquid (QSL) system have been investigated in a Sr2CuO3/Pt hybrid structure. Sr2CuO3 contains one-dimensional spin- /1 2 chains in which typical spinons in QSL have been confirmed. Heat-induced voltage measured in a clean Pt/Sr2CuO3 exhibits anomalous sign reversal with decreasing temperature, the negative component of which can be attributed to the spinon-induced SSE. However, the SSE was found to be critically decreased upon the exposure of Sr2CuO3 to air, which can be associated with the chemical degradation of the interface of Sr2CuO3. Despite the drastic change in the SSE signals, properties of the one-dimensional QSL are little changed in the spin susceptibility as well as the thermal conductivity of Sr2CuO3. The SSE signal is also sensitive to the purity of Sr2CuO3; it is suppressed with a decrease in the purity of the primary compounds of the Sr2CuO3. The result indicates that the spinon-induced SSE in Sr2CuO3 is sensitive to the bulk condition due to the one-dimensional atomic channel for spin transport in Sr2CuO3. In a carefully prepared Sr2CuO3/Pt sample, we found that the spinon-induced SSE signal is tolerant to magnetic fields; it increases linearly with the field even up to 9 T. In contrast, SSEs are suppressed under such a high field in ferrimagnetic insulators Y3Fe5O12 or paramagnetic insulators Gd3Ga5O12, which is caused by the Zeeman gap in the spin-wave or paramagnetic spin excitations. The robustness of the spinon-induced SSE is consistent with the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theories.

Dissociating Simon and affordance compatibility effects: silhouettes and photographs.

PubMed

Pappas, Zissis

2014-12-01

When a graspable object's handle is oriented to the same side as the response hand, responses are quicker and more accurate than when it is oriented to the opposite side. This effect has been attributed to the affordance of the object's handle (Tucker & Ellis, 1998). Recent findings suggest this effect results instead from an abstract spatial response code (i.e., Simon effect; Cho & Proctor, 2010). However, the stimuli used in these previous studies differ in the amount of object and environmental depth information they contain, which may be critical to conveying an affordance. This information could explain these disparate findings as well as dissociate Simon and affordance compatibility effects. Four experiments demonstrate that the Simon effect results from the absence of this information, as in a silhouette, and the affordance effect results from its presence, as in a photograph. A fifth experiment confirmed that modifying information associated with the affordance, rather than the modification itself, produced the effects observed in the previous experiments. These findings support the following: (a) the internal details of an object and environmental depth can dissociate Simon and affordance compatibility effects, (b) this information is necessary to convey the object's graspable affordance, and (c) the outer shape of the object is not sufficient to elicit an affordance effect. These findings are discussed in relation to the theory of embodied cognition. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The influence of the Japanese waving cat on the joint spatial compatibility effect: A replication and extension of Dolk, Hommel, Prinz, and Liepelt (2013).

PubMed

Puffe, Lydia; Dittrich, Kerstin; Klauer, Karl Christoph

2017-01-01

In a joint go/no-go Simon task, each of two participants is to respond to one of two non-spatial stimulus features by means of a spatially lateralized response. Stimulus position varies horizontally and responses are faster and more accurate when response side and stimulus position match (compatible trial) than when they mismatch (incompatible trial), defining the social Simon effect or joint spatial compatibility effect. This effect was originally explained in terms of action/task co-representation, assuming that the co-actor's action is automatically co-represented. Recent research by Dolk, Hommel, Prinz, and Liepelt (2013) challenged this account by demonstrating joint spatial compatibility effects in a task-setting in which non-social objects like a Japanese waving cat were present, but no real co-actor. They postulated that every sufficiently salient object induces joint spatial compatibility effects. However, what makes an object sufficiently salient is so far not well defined. To scrutinize this open question, the current study manipulated auditory and/or visual attention-attracting cues of a Japanese waving cat within an auditory (Experiment 1) and a visual joint go/no-go Simon task (Experiment 2). Results revealed that joint spatial compatibility effects only occurred in an auditory Simon task when the cat provided auditory cues while no joint spatial compatibility effects were found in a visual Simon task. This demonstrates that it is not the sufficiently salient object alone that leads to joint spatial compatibility effects but instead, a complex interaction between features of the object and the stimulus material of the joint go/no-go Simon task.

SSE Documentation

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2014-07-22

...   SSE is supported through the Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource (POWER) project under the NASA Applied Sciences Program within ... Science Data Center Surface meteorological and Solar Energy (SSE) web portal supported by the NASA LaRC POWER Project." Continued ...

SSE Data and Information

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-04-03

Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) Data and Information The Release 6.0 Surface meteorology and Solar Energy ( SSE ) data set contains parameters formulated for assessing and designing renewable energy systems. This latest release contains new parameters based on ...

Aging effects in response inhibition: general slowing without decline in inhibitory functioning.

PubMed

Yano, Madoka

2011-12-01

Previous research has examined aging effects on response inhibition using cognitive interference paradigms such as the Stroop task and the Simon task. Performance in these tasks requires participants to inhibit predominant responses. Reduced response inhibition is reflected by poorer performance in incongruent trials where prepotent responses can interfere with other correct responses, than in congruent trials without such interference (i.e., Stroop or Simon congruency effects). It is unclear whether such effects increase with normal aging. Balota et al. (2010) reported that the Stroop effect can be a useful predictor of conversion to Alzheimer's disease in a healthy control sample. Congruency effects are also subject to trial sequencing: They are smaller following an incongruent trial than following a congruent one. The present study determined whether response inhibition was affected by normal aging using the Simon task, with focus on the influence of normal aging on sequence effects. Forty-three young participants and 14 healthy elderly adults performed the Simon task individually. Results indicated that both age groups showed the same magnitude of Simon effects and sequence effects, although overall response latencies were longer in elderly participants than in young participants. Furthermore, the elderly adults tended to make fewer errors than the younger adults. These findings suggest that normal aging may produce reduced processing speed but it does not affect response inhibition itself.

Constraining Source Terms, Regional Attenuation Models, and Site Effects (Postprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-22

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Applied Space Systems Engineering. Chapter 17; Manage Technical Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kent, Peter

2008-01-01

Effective space systems engineering (SSE) is conducted in a fully electronic manner. Competitive hardware, software, and system designs are created in a totally digital environment that enables rapid product design and manufacturing cycles, as well as a multitude of techniques such as modeling, simulation, and lean manufacturing that significantly reduce the lifecycle cost of systems. Because the SSE lifecycle depends on the digital environment, managing the enormous volumes of technical data needed to describe, build, deploy, and operate systems is a critical factor in the success of a project. This chapter presents the key aspects of Technical Data Management (TDM) within the SSE process. It is written from the perspective of the System Engineer tasked with establishing the TDM process and infrastructure for a major project. Additional perspectives are reflected from the point of view of the engineers on the project who work within the digital engineering environment established by the TDM toolset and infrastructure, and from the point of view of the contactors who interface via the TDM infrastructure. Table 17.1 lists the TDM process as it relates to SSE.

Strategic Leadership Development: An Operation Domain Application

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-03-01

effectiveness. Notes 1 Quoted in Stephen R. Covey The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People : Restoring the Character Ethic (New York: Simon and Schuster...Press, Inc., 1993. Covey, Stephen R. The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People : Restoring the Character Ethic. New York, Simon and Schuster 1989

Comparison of effectiveness and safety of treatment with apixaban vs. other oral anticoagulants among elderly nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients.

PubMed

Deitelzweig, Steven; Luo, Xuemei; Gupta, Kiran; Trocio, Jeffrey; Mardekian, Jack; Curtice, Tammy; Lingohr-Smith, Melissa; Menges, Brandy; Lin, Jay

2017-10-01

To compare the risk of stroke/systemic embolism (S/SE) and major bleeding (MB) of elderly (≥65 years of age) nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients initiating apixaban vs. rivaroxaban, dabigatran, or warfarin. NVAF patients with Medicare Advantage coverage in the US initiating oral anticoagulants (OACs, index event) were identified from the Humana database (1 January 2013-30 September 2015) and grouped into cohorts depending on OAC initiated. Propensity score matching (PSM), 1:1, was conducted among patients treated with apixaban vs. each other OAC, separately. Rates of S/SE and MB were evaluated in the follow-up. Cox regressions were used to compare the risk of S/SE and MB between apixaban and each of the other OACs during the follow-up. The matched pairs of apixaban vs. rivaroxaban (n = 13,620), apixaban vs. dabigatran (n = 4654), and apixaban vs. warfarin (n = 14,214) were well balanced for key patient characteristics. Adjusted risks for S/SE (hazard ratio [HR] vs. rivaroxaban: 0.72, p = .003; vs. warfarin: 0.65, p < .001) and MB (HR vs. rivaroxaban: 0.49, p < .001; vs. warfarin: 0.53, p < .001) were significantly lower during the follow-up for patients treated with apixaban vs. rivaroxaban and warfarin. Adjusted risks for S/SE (HR: 0.78, p = .27) and MB (HR: 0.82, p = .23) of NVAF patients treated with apixaban vs. dabigatran trended to be lower, but did not reach statistical significance. In the real-world setting after controlling for differences in patient characteristics, apixaban is associated with significantly lower risk of S/SE and MB than rivaroxaban and warfarin, and a trend towards better outcomes vs. dabigatran among elderly NVAF patients in the US.

Quantitative separation of the anisotropic magnetothermopower and planar Nernst effect by the rotation of an in-plane thermal gradient

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reimer, Oliver; Meier, Daniel; Bovender, Michel; Helmich, Lars; Dreessen, Jan-Oliver; Krieft, Jan; Shestakov, Anatoly S.; Back, Christian H.; Schmalhorst, Jan-Michael; Hütten, Andreas; Reiss, Günter; Kuschel, Timo

2017-01-01

A thermal gradient as the driving force for spin currents plays a key role in spin caloritronics. In this field the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) is of major interest and was investigated in terms of in-plane thermal gradients inducing perpendicular spin currents (transverse SSE) and out-of-plane thermal gradients generating parallel spin currents (longitudinal SSE). Up to now all spincaloric experiments employ a spatially fixed thermal gradient. Thus, anisotropic measurements with respect to well defined crystallographic directions were not possible. Here we introduce a new experiment that allows not only the in-plane rotation of the external magnetic field, but also the rotation of an in-plane thermal gradient controlled by optical temperature detection. As a consequence, the anisotropic magnetothermopower and the planar Nernst effect in a permalloy thin film can be measured simultaneously. Thus, the angular dependence of the magnetothermopower with respect to the magnetization direction reveals a phase shift, that allows the quantitative separation of the thermopower, the anisotropic magnetothermopower and the planar Nernst effect.

Dissociating proportion congruent and conflict adaptation effects in a Simon-Stroop procedure.

PubMed

Torres-Quesada, Maryem; Funes, Maria Jesús; Lupiáñez, Juan

2013-02-01

Proportion congruent and conflict adaptation are two well known effects associated with cognitive control. A critical open question is whether they reflect the same or separate cognitive control mechanisms. In this experiment, in a training phase we introduced a proportion congruency manipulation for one conflict type (i.e. Simon), whereas in pre-training and post-training phases two conflict types (e.g. Simon and Spatial Stroop) were displayed with the same incongruent-to-congruent ratio. The results supported the sustained nature of the proportion congruent effect, as it transferred from the training to the post-training phase. Furthermore, this transfer generalized to both conflict types. By contrast, the conflict adaptation effect was specific to conflict type, as it was only observed when the same conflict type (either Simon or Stroop) was presented on two consecutive trials (no effect was observed on conflict type alternation trials). Results are interpreted as supporting the reactive and proactive control mechanisms distinction. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Soap Suds Enema are Efficacious and Safe for Treating Fecal Impaction in Children with Abdominal Pain

PubMed Central

Chumpitazi, Corrie E.; Henkel, Erin B.; Valdez, Karina L.; Chumpitazi, Bruno P.

2016-01-01

Importance Constipation is a common cause of pediatric abdominal pain and emergency department (ED) presentation. Despite the high prevalence, there is a dearth of clinical information and wide practice variation in childhood constipation management in the ED. Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of soap suds enema (SSE) in the treatment of fecal impaction in children with abdominal pain within the pediatric emergency department (ED) setting. The primary outcome was stool output following SSE. Secondary outcomes were adverse events, admissions, and return visits within 72 hours. Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional study performed in the ED at a quaternary care children’s hospital of patients seen over a 12-month period who received a SSE for fecal impaction. Results Five hundred twelve patients (53% female, median age 7.8 years, range: 8 months-23 years) received SSE therapy over a 1-year period. Successful therapy (bowel movement) following SSE occurred in 419 (82%). Adverse events included abdominal pain in 24 (5%) and nausea/vomiting in 18 (4%). No SSE-related serious adverse events were identified. Following SSE, 405 (79%) were subsequently discharged, of which 15 (3.7%) returned to the ED for re-evaluation within 72 hours. Conclusions and Relevance SSE is an efficacious and safe therapeutic option for the acute treatment of childhood fecal impaction in the ED setting. PMID:26655947

Soap Suds Enemas Are Efficacious and Safe for Treating Fecal Impaction in Children With Abdominal Pain.

PubMed

Chumpitazi, Corrie E; Henkel, Erin B; Valdez, Karina L; Chumpitazi, Bruno P

2016-07-01

Constipation is a common cause of pediatric abdominal pain and emergency department (ED) presentation. Despite the high prevalence, there is a dearth of clinical information and wide practice variation in childhood constipation management in the ED. The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of soap suds enema (SSE) in the therapy for fecal impaction in children with abdominal pain within the pediatric ED setting. The primary outcome was stool output following SSE. Secondary outcomes were adverse events, admissions, and return visits within 72 hours. The present study is a retrospective cross-sectional study performed in the ED at a quaternary care children's hospital of patients seen during a 12-month period who received an SSE for fecal impaction. Five hundred twelve patients (53% girls, median age 7.8 years, range: 8 months-23 years) received SSE therapy during a 1-year period. Successful therapy (bowel movement) following SSE occurred in 419 (82%). Adverse events included abdominal pain in 24 (5%) and nausea/vomiting in 18 (4%). No SSE-related serious adverse events were identified. Following SSE, 405 (79%) were subsequently discharged, of which 15 (3.7%) returned to the ED for re-evaluation within 72 hours. SSE is an efficacious and safe therapeutic option for the acute treatment of childhood fecal impaction in the ED setting.

SSE Data and Information Page

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-04-04

Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) Data and Information A new POWER home page ... The Release 6.0 Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) data set contains parameters formulated for assessing and designing renewable energy systems. This latest release contains new parameters based on ...

SSE Global Data

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-04-12

SSE Global Data Text files of monthly averaged data for the entire ... Version:  V6 Location:  Global Spatial Coverage:  (90N, 90S)(180W,180E) ... File Format:  ASCII Order Data:  SSE Global Data: Order Data SCAR-B Block:  ...

SSE Transition to POWER is Now Complete

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-06-21

... A new POWER home page with enhanced responsive GIS-enabled web data services and mapping capabilities replaced the SSE site on June 13, 2018. This current set of SSE web applications and website is no longer accessible. The new POWER includes ...

[Factors regarding awareness of preventive care exercises: Distance to exercise facilities and their social networks].

PubMed

Soma, Yuki; Tsunoda, Kenji; Kitano, Naruki; Jindo, Takashi; Okura, Tomohiro

2015-01-01

The present study examines factors affecting individuals' awareness of certain types of preventive care exercises, particularly the distance from their home to an exercise facility and their social networks. Participants were 3206 men (age, 73.0±6.2 years) and 3395 women (age, 73.2±6.4 years) aged ≥65 years who had not been certified as persons with care needs and who had responded to an inventory survey conducted in Kasama City, Japan, in 2013. We performed multiple logistic regression analysis to assess the characteristics associated with participants' awareness of two types of exercises for preventive care: "silver rehabili taisou" (SRT) and "square-stepping exercise" (SSE). Independent variables were distance from home to the exercise facility, social networks, transportation availability, physical function, cognitive function, and neighborhood population density. Older adults who were aware of the exercises lived significantly closer to an exercise facility (SRT, aware: 1,148.5±961.3 m vs. unaware: 1,284.2±1,027.4 m; SSE, aware: 1,415.9±1104.1 m vs. unaware: 1,615.7±1,172.2 m). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that participation in community activities (men, SRT-odds ratio [OR]=2.54 and SSE-OR=2.19; women, SRT-OR=4.14 and SSE-OR=3.34] and visiting friends (men, SRT-OR=1.45 and SSE-OR=1.49; women SRT-OR=1.44 and SSE-OR=1.73) were promoting factors for awareness of both types of exercises. In men and women, low physical function (SRT-OR=0.73 and SSE-OR=0.56) and dependence on another person to drive them to the destination (SRT-OR=0.79 and SSE-OR=0.78) were inhibiting factors, respectively. A distance of >500 m between their home and the facility tended to be an inhibiting factor. A shorter distance from home to an exercise facility and better social networks increased awareness of preventive care exercises in both sexes and for both types of exercise. Establishing exercise centers and devising effective methods of imparting information to individuals (e.g., via community magazines and home visits) may promote participation in preventive care exercises.

The Role of Working Memory in Spatial S-R Correspondence Effects

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wuhr, Peter; Biebl, Rupert

2011-01-01

This study investigates the impact of working memory (WM) load on response conflicts arising from spatial (non) correspondence between irrelevant stimulus location and response location (Simon effect). The dominant view attributes the Simon effect to automatic processes of location-based response priming. The automaticity view predicts…

The Influence of Social and Nonsocial Variables on the Simon Effect.

PubMed

Mussi, Davide R; Marino, Barbara F M; Riggio, Lucia

2015-01-01

Recently, the Simon effect (SE) has been observed in social contexts when two individuals share a two-choice task. This joint SE (JSE) has been interpreted as evidence that people co-represent their actions. However, it is still not clear if the JSE is driven by social factors or low-level mechanisms. To address this question, we applied a common paradigm to a joint Simon task (Experiments 1 and 4), a standard Simon task (Experiment 2), and a go/no-go task (Experiment 3). The results showed that both the JSE and the SE were modulated by the repetition/non-repetition of task features. Moreover, the JSE was differently modulated by the gender composition of the two individuals involved in the shared task and by their interpersonal relationship. Taken together, our results do not support a pure social explanation of the JSE, nevertheless, they show the independent role of different social factors in modulating the effect.

Insights into Hsp70 Chaperone Activity from a Crystal Structure of the Yeast Hsp110 Sse1

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu,Q.; Hendrickson, W.

2007-01-01

Classic Hsp70 chaperones assist in diverse processes of protein folding and translocation, and Hsp110s had seemed by sequence to be distant relatives within an Hsp70 superfamily. The 2.4 Angstroms resolution structure of Sse1 with ATP shows that Hsp110s are indeed Hsp70 relatives, and it provides insight into allosteric coupling between sites for ATP and polypeptide-substrate binding in Hsp70s. Subdomain structures are similar in intact Sse1(ATP) and in the separate Hsp70 domains, but conformational dispositions are radically different. Interfaces between Sse1 domains are extensive, intimate, and conservative in sequence with Hsp70s. We propose that Sse1(ATP) may be an evolutionary vestige ofmore » the Hsp70(ATP) state, and an analysis of 64 mutant variants in Sse1 and three Hsp70 homologs supports this hypothesis. An atomic-level understanding of Hsp70 communication between ATP and substrate-binding domains follows. Requirements on Sse1 for yeast viability are in keeping with the distinct function of Hsp110s as nucleotide exchange factors.« less

Framing anomaly in the effective theory of the fractional quantum Hall effect.

PubMed

Gromov, Andrey; Cho, Gil Young; You, Yizhi; Abanov, Alexander G; Fradkin, Eduardo

2015-01-09

We consider the geometric part of the effective action for the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE). It is shown that accounting for the framing anomaly of the quantum Chern-Simons theory is essential to obtain the correct gravitational linear response functions. In the lowest order in gradients, the linear response generating functional includes Chern-Simons, Wen-Zee, and gravitational Chern-Simons terms. The latter term has a contribution from the framing anomaly which fixes the value of thermal Hall conductivity and contributes to the Hall viscosity of the FQH states on a sphere. We also discuss the effects of the framing anomaly on linear responses for non-Abelian FQH states.

The effect of manual therapy and exercise in patients with chronic low back pain: Double blind randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Ulger, Ozlem; Demirel, Aynur; Oz, Müzeyyen; Tamer, Seval

2017-11-06

To determine the effects of spinal stabilization exercises (SSE) and manual therapy methods on pain, function and quality of life (QoL) levels in individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP). A total of one-hundred thirteen patients diagnosed as CLBP were enrolled to the study. The patients allocated into Spinal Stabilization group (SG) and manual therapy group (MG), randomly. While SSE performed in SG, soft tissue mobilizations, muscle-energy techniques, joint mobilizations and manipulations were performed in MG. While the severity of pain was assessed with Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Short Form 36 (SF-36) assessments were performed to evaluate the functional status and QoL, respectively. All assessments were repeated before and after the treatment. Intragroup analyses both treatments were effective in terms of sub parameters of pain, function and life quality (p< 0.05). Inter group analyses, there was more reduction in pain and improvement in functional status in favor of MG (p< 0.05). This study showed that SSE and manual therapy methods have the same effects on QoL, while the manual treatment is more effective on the pain and functional parameters in particular.

Serendipitous Science Engagement: A Family Self-Ethnography

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vedder-Weiss, Dana

2017-01-01

While opportunities for spontaneous, undesigned, serendipitous science engagement (SSE) are abundant and evidence regarding its affordances is accumulating, little is known about its nature. In this paper, I present a model defining and identifying SSE, which consists of a personal and a contextual continuum. To explore the nature of family SSE, I…

SSE Decommission Announcement

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-06-26

... We are pleased to announce that on June 13, 2018 the old SSE web site will be replaced with the new data web portal at https://power.larc.nasa.gov with improved solar and ... currently on SSE are now available at the new POWER web site although the parameters might be organized differently.  Also note ...

POWER/SSE

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-06-15

... The Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource (POWER) project was initiated to improve upon the current SSE ... continue to be focussed on the solar and wind Renewable Energy industry. New data sets will target Sustainable Buildings ... The Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource (POWER) project was initiated to improve upon the current SSE ...

Wavelength-Controlled Photodetector Based on Single CdSSe Nanobelt

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Xinmin; Tan, Qiuhong; Feng, Xiaobo; Wang, Qianjin; Liu, Yingkai

2018-06-01

CdSSe nanobelts (NBs) are synthesized by thermal evaporation and then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL), and cathodoluminescence (CL). It is found that the CdSSe NBs have a good morphology and microstructure without defects. CL is sensitive to the defects of CdSSe NBs; thus, we can select single nanobelt with homogeneous CL emission to prepare a detector. Based on it, the photodetector of single CdSSe NB was developed and its photoelectric properties were investigated in detail. It is found that under illumination of white light and at the bias voltage of 1 V, the photocurrent of a single CdSSe nanobelt device is 1.60 × 10-7 A, the dark current is 1.96 × 10-10 A, and the ratio of light current to dark one is 816. In addition, the CdSSe nanobelt detector has high photoelectric performance with spectral responsivity of 10.4 AW-1 and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 19.1%. Its rise/decay time is about 1.62/4.70 ms. This work offers a novel strategy for design wavelength-controlled photodetectors by adjusting their compositions.

Wavelength-Controlled Photodetector Based on Single CdSSe Nanobelt.

PubMed

Li, Xinmin; Tan, Qiuhong; Feng, Xiaobo; Wang, Qianjin; Liu, Yingkai

2018-06-07

CdSSe nanobelts (NBs) are synthesized by thermal evaporation and then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL), and cathodoluminescence (CL). It is found that the CdSSe NBs have a good morphology and microstructure without defects. CL is sensitive to the defects of CdSSe NBs; thus, we can select single nanobelt with homogeneous CL emission to prepare a detector. Based on it, the photodetector of single CdSSe NB was developed and its photoelectric properties were investigated in detail. It is found that under illumination of white light and at the bias voltage of 1 V, the photocurrent of a single CdSSe nanobelt device is 1.60 × 10 -7  A, the dark current is 1.96 × 10 -10  A, and the ratio of light current to dark one is 816. In addition, the CdSSe nanobelt detector has high photoelectric performance with spectral responsivity of 10.4 AW -1 and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 19.1%. Its rise/decay time is about 1.62/4.70 ms. This work offers a novel strategy for design wavelength-controlled photodetectors by adjusting their compositions.

Eliminating the Simon Effect by Instruction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Theeuwes, Marijke; Liefooghe, Baptist; De Houwer, Jan

2014-01-01

A growing body of research demonstrates that instructions can elicit automatic response activations. The results of the present study indicate that instruction-based response activations can also counteract automatic response activations based on long-term associations. To this end, we focused on the Simon effect, which is the observation that…

Developing Character and Aligning Personal Values with Organizational Values in the United States Coast Guard

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-06-02

York: Simon & Schuster, 1991). 30Stephen R. Covey, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People , Powerful Lessons in Personal Change (New York: Simon...California: Parker & Son Publications, Inc., 1991. Covey, Stephen R. The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People , Powerful Lessons in Personal Change

Moving an Expeditionary Force: Three Case Studies in Afghanistan

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-01-01

its individual parts.” 258 Stephen R. Covey, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989), 186. 48 anywhere in the world...transcon.htm, accessed 26 January 2003]. Covey, Stephen R. The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People . New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989. Department of

Provincial Reconstruction Teams: Who’s in Charge?

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-20

permission of General Mattis. 41 U.S. President, NSPD-44. 42 Stephen R. Covey, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People , (New York: Simon & Schuster...September 5, 2010). Covey, Stephen R. The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People . New York: Simon & Schuster, Inc., 1990. Crane, Conrad C. and W

Dissociations of spatial congruence effects across response measures: an examination of delta plots.

PubMed

Miller, Jeff; Roüast, Nora M

2016-09-01

Spatial congruence ("Simon") effects on reaction time (RT) and response force (RF) were studied in two experiments requiring speeded choice responses to the color of a stimulus located irrelevantly to the left or right of fixation. In Experiment 1 with unimanual responses, both RT and incorrect-hand RF were sensitive to spatial congruence, and both showed larger Simon effects following a congruent trial than following an incongruent one. RT and incorrect-hand RF were dissociated in distributional (i.e., delta plot) analyses, however. As in previous studies, the Simon effect on RT was largest for the fastest responses and diminished as RT increased (i.e., decreasing delta plot). In contrast, Simon effects on RF did not decrease for slower responses; if anything, they increased slightly. In Experiment 2 participants made bimanual responses, allowing measurement of the spatial congruence effect for each trial. Responses were both faster and more forceful with the spatially congruent hand than with the spatially incongruent one, but neither of these effects decreased for slower responses. Overall, the results demonstrate that at least some motor-level effects of irrelevant spatial location persist for slower responses.

Comparing surgical infections in National Surgical Quality Improvement Project and an Institutional Database.

PubMed

Selby, Luke V; Sjoberg, Daniel D; Cassella, Danielle; Sovel, Mindy; Weiser, Martin R; Sepkowitz, Kent; Jones, David R; Strong, Vivian E

2015-06-15

Surgical quality improvement requires accurate tracking and benchmarking of postoperative adverse events. We track surgical site infections (SSIs) with two systems; our in-house surgical secondary events (SSE) database and the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP). The SSE database, a modification of the Clavien-Dindo classification, categorizes SSIs by their anatomic site, whereas NSQIP categorizes by their level. Our aim was to directly compare these different definitions. NSQIP and the SSE database entries for all surgeries performed in 2011 and 2012 were compared. To match NSQIP definitions, and while blinded to NSQIP results, entries in the SSE database were categorized as either incisional (superficial or deep) or organ space infections. These categorizations were compared with NSQIP records; agreement was assessed with Cohen kappa. The 5028 patients in our cohort had a 6.5% SSI in the SSE database and a 4% rate in NSQIP, with an overall agreement of 95% (kappa = 0.48, P < 0.0001). The rates of categorized infections were similarly well matched; incisional rates of 4.1% and 2.7% for the SSE database and NSQIP and organ space rates of 2.6% and 1.5%. Overall agreements were 96% (kappa = 0.36, P < 0.0001) and 98% (kappa = 0.55, P < 0.0001), respectively. Over 80% of cases recorded by the SSE database but not NSQIP did not meet NSQIP criteria. The SSE database is an accurate, real-time record of postoperative SSIs. Institutional databases that capture all surgical cases can be used in conjunction with NSQIP with excellent concordance. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

SSE Transition to POWER

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-06-15

... We are pleased to announce that on June 13, 2018 the old SSE web site will be replaced with the new data web portal at https://power.larc.nasa.gov with improved solar and ... currently on SSE are now available at the new POWER web site although the parameters might be organized differently.  Also note ...

Replacement of SSE with NASA's POWER Project GIS-enabled Web Data Portal

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-04-30

Replacement of SSE with NASA's POWER Project GIS-enabled Web Data Portal Friday, March ... 2018 Replacement of SSE (Release 6) with NASA's Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource (POWER) Project GIS-enabled Web ... Worldwide Energy Resource (POWER) Project funded largely by NASA Earth Applied Sciences program.   The new POWER web portal ...

Replacement of SSE with NASA's POWER Announcement

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-06-11

... We are pleased to announce that on June 13, 2018 the old SSE web site will be replaced with the new data web portal at https://power.larc.nasa.gov with improved solar and ... currently on SSE are now available at the new POWER web site although the parameters might be organized differently.  Also note ...

Meditation-induced cognitive-control states regulate response-conflict adaptation: Evidence from trial-to-trial adjustments in the Simon task.

PubMed

Colzato, Lorenza S; Sellaro, Roberta; Samara, Iliana; Hommel, Bernhard

2015-09-01

Here we consider the possibility that meditation has an immediate impact on information processing. Moreover, we were interested to see whether this impact affects attentional input control, as previous observations suggest, or the handling of response conflict. Healthy adults underwent a brief single session of either focused attention meditation (FAM), which is assumed to increase top-down control, or open monitoring meditation (OMM), which is assumed to weaken top-down control, before performing a Simon task-which assesses conflict-resolution efficiency. While the size of the Simon effect (reflecting the efficiency of handling response conflict) was unaffected by type of meditation, the amount of dynamic behavioral adjustments (i.e., trial-to-trial variability of the Simon effect: the Gratton effect) was considerably smaller after OMM than after FAM. Our findings suggest that engaging in meditation instantly creates a cognitive-control state that has a specific impact on conflict-driven control adaptations. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Social priming improves cognitive control in elderly adults--evidence from the Simon task.

PubMed

Aisenberg, Daniela; Cohen, Noga; Pick, Hadas; Tressman, Iris; Rappaport, Michal; Shenberg, Tal; Henik, Avishai

2015-01-01

We examined whether social priming of cognitive states affects the inhibitory process in elderly adults, as aging is related to deficits in inhibitory control. Forty-eight elderly adults and 45 young adults were assigned to three groups and performed a cognitive control task (Simon task), which was followed by 3 different manipulations of social priming (i.e., thinking about an 82 year-old person): 1) negative--characterized by poor cognitive abilities, 2) neutral--characterized by acts irrelevant to cognitive abilities, and 3) positive--excellent cognitive abilities. After the manipulation, the Simon task was performed again. Results showed improvement in cognitive control effects in seniors after the positive manipulation, indicated by a significant decrease in the magnitude of the Simon and interference effects, but not after the neutral and negative manipulations. Furthermore, a healthy pattern of sequential effect (Gratton) that was absent before the manipulation in all 3 groups appeared after the positive manipulation. Namely, the Simon effect was only present after congruent but not after incongruent trials for the positive manipulation group. No influence of manipulations was found in young adults. These meaningful results were replicated in a second experiment and suggest a decrease in conflict interference resulting from positive cognitive state priming. Our study provides evidence that an implicit social concept of a positive cognitive condition in old age can affect the control process of the elderly and improve cognitive abilities.

Social Priming Improves Cognitive Control in Elderly Adults—Evidence from the Simon Task

PubMed Central

Aisenberg, Daniela; Cohen, Noga; Pick, Hadas; Tressman, Iris; Rappaport, Michal; Shenberg, Tal; Henik, Avishai

2015-01-01

We examined whether social priming of cognitive states affects the inhibitory process in elderly adults, as aging is related to deficits in inhibitory control. Forty-eight elderly adults and 45 young adults were assigned to three groups and performed a cognitive control task (Simon task), which was followed by 3 different manipulations of social priming (i.e., thinking about an 82 year-old person): 1) negative—characterized by poor cognitive abilities, 2) neutral—characterized by acts irrelevant to cognitive abilities, and 3) positive—excellent cognitive abilities. After the manipulation, the Simon task was performed again. Results showed improvement in cognitive control effects in seniors after the positive manipulation, indicated by a significant decrease in the magnitude of the Simon and interference effects, but not after the neutral and negative manipulations. Furthermore, a healthy pattern of sequential effect (Gratton) that was absent before the manipulation in all 3 groups appeared after the positive manipulation. Namely, the Simon effect was only present after congruent but not after incongruent trials for the positive manipulation group. No influence of manipulations was found in young adults. These meaningful results were replicated in a second experiment and suggest a decrease in conflict interference resulting from positive cognitive state priming. Our study provides evidence that an implicit social concept of a positive cognitive condition in old age can affect the control process of the elderly and improve cognitive abilities. PMID:25635946

Time-resolved optical studies of wide-gap II-VI semiconductor heterostructures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Hong

ZnSe and ZnSe-based quantum well and superlattice structures are potential candidates for light emitting devices and other optical devices such as switches and modulators working in the blue-green wavelength range. Carrier dynamics studies of these structures are important in evaluating device performance as well as understanding the underlying physical processes. In this thesis, a carrier dynamics investigation is conducted for temperature from 77K to 295K on CdZnSSe/ZnSSe single quantum well structure (SQW) and ZnSe/ZnSTe superlattice fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Two experimental techniques with femtosecond time resolution are used in this work: up-conversion technique for time- resolved photoluminescence (PL) and pump-probe technique for time-resolved differential absorption studies. For both heterostructures, the radiative recombination is dominated by exciton transition due to the large exciton binding energy as a result of quantum confinement effect. The measured decay time of free exciton PL in CdZnSSe/ZnSSe SQW increases linearly with increasing temperature which agrees with the theoretical prediction by considering the conservation of momentum requirement for radiative recombination. However, the recombination of free carriers is also observed in CdZnSSe/ZnSSe SQW for the whole temperature range studied. On the other hand, in ZnSe/ZnSTe superlattice structures, the non- radiative recombination processes are non-negligible even at 77K and become more important in higher temperature range. The relaxation processes such as spectral hole burning, carrier thermalization and hot-carrier cooling are observed in ZnSe/ZnSTe superlattices at room temperature (295K) by the femtosecond pump-probe measurements. A rapid cooling of the thermalized hot- carrier from 763K to 450K within 4ps is deduced. A large optical nonlinearity (i.e., the induced absorption change) around the heavy-hole exciton energy is also obtained.

Soybean seed extracts preferentially express genomic loci of Bradyrhizobium japonicum in the initial interaction with soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.

PubMed

Wei, Min; Yokoyama, Tadashi; Minamisawa, Kiwamu; Mitsui, Hisayuki; Itakura, Manabu; Kaneko, Takakazu; Tabata, Satoshi; Saeki, Kazuhiko; Omori, Hirofumi; Tajima, Shigeyuki; Uchiumi, Toshiki; Abe, Mikiko; Ohwada, Takuji

2008-08-01

Initial interaction between rhizobia and legumes actually starts via encounters of both partners in the rhizosphere. In this study, the global expression profiles of Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 in response to soybean (Glycine max) seed extracts (SSE) and genistein, a major soybean-released isoflavone for nod genes induction of B. japonicum, were compared. SSE induced many genomic loci as compared with genistein (5.0 microM), nevertheless SSE-supplemented medium contained 4.7 microM genistein. SSE markedly induced four predominant genomic regions within a large symbiosis island (681 kb), which include tts genes (type III secretion system) and various nod genes. In addition, SSE-treated cells expressed many genomic loci containing genes for polygalacturonase (cell-wall degradation), exopolysaccharide synthesis, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, ribosome proteins family and energy metabolism even outside symbiosis island. On the other hand, genistein-treated cells exclusively showed one expression cluster including common nod gene operon within symbiosis island and six expression loci including multidrug resistance, which were shared with SSE-treated cells. Twelve putatively regulated genes were indeed validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Several SSE-induced genomic loci likely participate in the initial interaction with legumes. Thus, these results can provide a basic knowledge for screening novel genes relevant to the B. japonicum- soybean symbiosis.

Decreased Functional Brain Activation in Friedreich Ataxia Using the Simon Effect Task

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Georgiou-Karistianis, N.; Akhlaghi, H.; Corben, L. A.; Delatycki, M. B.; Storey, E.; Bradshaw, J. L.; Egan, G. F.

2012-01-01

The present study applied the Simon effect task to examine the pattern of functional brain reorganization in individuals with Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Thirteen individuals with FRDA and 14 age and sex matched controls participated, and were required to respond to either congruent or incongruent…

Onset and Offset as Determinants of the Simon Effect

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Riggio, Lucia; Gherri, Elena; Lupianez, Juan

2012-01-01

We investigated the presence and the characteristics of the Simon effect for onset and offset targets when these stimuli are randomly intermixed. In Experiment 1, two possible target locations were occupied by an occluder. On onset trials, a target appeared above an occluder, while on offset trials one of the occluders disappeared, revealing the…

Decreased functional brain activation in Friedreich ataxia using the Simon effect task.

PubMed

Georgiou-Karistianis, N; Akhlaghi, H; Corben, L A; Delatycki, M B; Storey, E; Bradshaw, J L; Egan, G F

2012-08-01

The present study applied the Simon effect task to examine the pattern of functional brain reorganization in individuals with Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Thirteen individuals with FRDA and 14 age and sex matched controls participated, and were required to respond to either congruent or incongruent arrow stimuli, presented either to the left or right of a screen, via laterally-located button press responses. Although the Simon effect (incongruent minus congruent stimuli) showed common regions of activation in both groups, including the superior and middle prefrontal cortices, insulae, superior and inferior parietal lobules (LPs, LPi), occipital cortex and cerebellum, there was reduced functional activation across a range of brain regions (cortical, subcortical and cerebellar) in individuals with FRDA. The greater Simon effect behaviourally in individuals with FRDA, compared with controls, together with concomitant reductions in functional brain activation and reduced functional connectivity between cortical and sub-cortical regions, implies a likely disruption of cortico-cerebellar loops and ineffective engagement of cognitive/attention regions required for response suppression. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Quake clamps down on slow slip

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wallace, Laura M.; Bartlow, Noel; Hamling, Ian; Fry, Bill

2014-12-01

Using continuous GPS (cGPS) data from the Hikurangi subduction zone in New Zealand, we show for the first time that stress changes induced by a local earthquake can arrest an ongoing slow slip event (SSE). The cGPS data show that the slip rate in the northern portion of the 2013/2014 Kapiti SSE decreased abruptly following a nearby intraslab earthquake. We suggest that deceleration of the Kapiti SSE in early 2014 occurred due to a tenfold increase in the normal stress relative to shear stress in the SSE source, induced by the nearby Mw 6.3 earthquake, consistent with expectations of rate and state friction. Our observation of an abrupt halting/slowing of the SSE in response to stress changes imposed by a local earthquake has implications for the strength of fault zones hosting SSEs and supports the premise that static stress changes are an important ingredient in triggering (or delaying) fault slip.

The stability of financial market networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yan, Xin-Guo; Xie, Chi; Wang, Gang-Jin

2014-08-01

We investigate the stability of a financial market network by measuring its topological robustness, namely the ability of the network to resist structural or topological changes. The closing prices of 710 stocks in the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) from 2005 to 2011 are chosen as the empirical data. We divide the period into three sub-periods: before, during, and after the US sub-prime crisis. By monitoring the size of the clusters which fall apart from the network after removing the nodes (i.e., the listed companies in the SSE), we find that: i) the SSE network is sensitive to the nodes' failure, which implies that the network is unstable. ii) the SSE network before the financial crisis has the strongest robustness against the intentional topological damage; iii) the hubs (i.e., highly connected nodes) connect with each other directly and play a vital important role in maintaining SSE network's stability.

Priming processes in the Simon task: more evidence from the lexical decision task for a third route in the Simon effect.

PubMed

Metzker, Manja; Dreisbach, Gesine

2011-06-01

Recently, it was proposed that the Simon effect would result not only from two interfering processes, as classical dual-route models assume, but from three processes. It was argued that priming from the spatial code to the nonspatial code might facilitate the identification of the nonspatial stimulus feature in congruent Simon trials. In the present study, the authors provide evidence that the identification of the nonspatial information can be facilitated by the activation of an associated spatial code. In three experiments, participants first associated centrally presented animal and fruit pictures with spatial responses. Subsequently, participants decided whether laterally presented letter strings were words (animal, fruit, or other words) or nonwords; stimulus position could be congruent or incongruent to the associated spatial code. As hypothesized, animal and fruit words were identified faster at congruent than at incongruent stimulus positions from the association phase. The authors conclude that the activation of the spatial code spreads to the nonspatial code, resulting in facilitated stimulus identification in congruent trials. These results speak to the assumption of a third process involved in the Simon task.

Teaching SSE and Some of Its Applications in Junior High School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bernard, John E.

This paper describes the development of curriculum materials for teaching the Sum of Squared Errors (SSE) to one class of 25 eighth graders in Hawaii. Microcomputers were used in class. Prior to explicit introduction of the SSE students were given repeated contact with a data base of various statistics collected from members of their class. Then a…

Software support environment design knowledge capture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dollman, Tom

1990-01-01

The objective of this task is to assess the potential for using the software support environment (SSE) workstations and associated software for design knowledge capture (DKC) tasks. This assessment will include the identification of required capabilities for DKC and hardware/software modifications needed to support DKC. Several approaches to achieving this objective are discussed and interim results are provided: (1) research into the problem of knowledge engineering in a traditional computer-aided software engineering (CASE) environment, like the SSE; (2) research into the problem of applying SSE CASE tools to develop knowledge based systems; and (3) direct utilization of SSE workstations to support a DKC activity.

Enhanced spin Seebeck effect signal due to spin-momentum locked topological surface states

DOE PAGES

Jiang, Zilong; Chang, Cui -Zu; Masir, Massoud Ramezani; ...

2016-05-04

Spin-momentum locking in protected surface states enables efficient electrical detection of magnon decay at a magnetic-insulator/topological-insulator heterojunction. Here we demonstrate this property using the spin Seebeck effect (SSE), that is, measuring the transverse thermoelectric response to a temperature gradient across a thin film of yttrium iron garnet, an insulating ferrimagnet, and forming a heterojunction with (Bi xSb 1–x) 2Te 3, a topological insulator. The non-equilibrium magnon population established at the interface can decay in part by interactions of magnons with electrons near the Fermi energy of the topological insulator. When this decay channel is made active by tuning (Bi xSbmore » 1–x) 2Te 3 into a bulk insulator, a large electromotive force emerges in the direction perpendicular to the in-plane magnetization of yttrium iron garnet. Lastly, the enhanced, tunable SSE which occurs when the Fermi level lies in the bulk gap offers unique advantages over the usual SSE in metals and therefore opens up exciting possibilities in spintronics.« less

Distinguishing the time- and magnitude-difference accounts of the Simon effect: Evidence from the reach-to-touch paradigm.

PubMed

Finkbeiner, Matthew; Heathcote, Andrew

2016-04-01

A Simon effect occurs when the irrelevant spatial attributes of a stimulus conflict with choice responses based on non-spatial stimulus attributes. Many theories of the Simon effect assume that activation from task-irrelevant spatial attributes becomes available before the activation from task-relevant attributes. We refer to this as the time-difference account. Other theories follow a magnitude-difference account, assuming activation from relevant and irrelevant attributes becomes available at the same time, but with the activation from irrelevant attributes initially being stronger. To distinguish these two accounts, we incorporated the response-signal procedure into the reach-to-touch paradigm to map out the emergence of the Simon effect. We also used a carefully calibrated neutral condition to reveal differences in the initial onset of the influence of relevant and irrelevant information. Our results establish that irrelevant spatial information becomes available earlier than relevant non-spatial information. This finding is consistent with the time-difference account and inconsistent with the magnitude-difference account. However, we did find a magnitude effect, in the form of reduced interference from irrelevant information, for the second of a sequence of two incongruent trials.

Evaluation of temporal surveillance system sensitivity and freedom from bovine viral diarrhea in Danish dairy herds using scenario tree modelling.

PubMed

Foddai, Alessandro; Stockmarr, Anders; Boklund, Anette

2016-06-21

The temporal sensitivity of the surveillance system (TemSSe) for Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) in Danish dairy herds was evaluated. Currently, the Danish antibody blocking ELISA is used to test quarterly bulk tank milk (BTM). To optimize the surveillance system as an early warning system, we considered the possibility of using the SVANOVIR ELISA, as this test has been shown to detect BVD-positive herds earlier than the blocking ELISA in BTM tests. Information from data (2010) and outputs from two published stochastic models were fed into a stochastic scenario tree to estimate the TemSSe. For that purpose we considered: the risk of BVD introduction into the dairy population, the ELISA used and the high risk period (HRP) from BVD introduction to testing (at 90 or 365 days). The effect of introducing one persistently infected (PI) calf or one transiently infected (TI) milking cow into 1 (or 8) dairy herd(s) was investigated. Additionally we estimated the confidence in low (PLow) herd prevalence (<8/4109 infected herds) and the confidence in complete freedom (PFree) from BVD (< 1/4109). The TemSSe, the PLow, and the PFree were higher, when tests were performed 365 days after BVD introduction, than after 90 days. Estimates were usually higher for the SVANOVIR than for the blocking ELISA, and when a PI rather than a TI was introduced into the herd(s). For instance, with the current system, the median TemSSe was 64.5 %, 90 days after a PI calf was introduced into eight dairy herds. The related median PLow was 72.5 %. When a PI calf was introduced into one herd the median TemSSe was 12.1 %, while the related PFree was 51.6 %. With the SVANOVIR ELISA these estimates were 99.0 %; 98.9 %, 43.7 % and 62.4 %, respectively. The replacement of the blocking ELISA with the SVANOVIR could increase the TemSSe, the PLow and PFree remarkably. Those results could be used to optimize the Danish BVD surveillance system. Furthermore, the approach proposed in this study, for including the effect of the HRP within the scenario tree methodology, could be applied to optimize early warning surveillance systems of different animal diseases.

Surface Temperature and Precipitation Affecting GPS Signals Before the 2009 L'Aquila Earthquake (Central Italy).

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crescentini, L.; Amoruso, A.; Chiaraluce, L.

2017-12-01

This work focuses on GPS time series recorded before the Mw 6.1 earthquake which struck Central Italy in April 2009. It shows how environmental noise effects may be subtle and relevant when investigating relatively small strain signals and how the availability of data from weather stations and water level sensors co-located with GPS stations may provide critical information which must be taken into consideration while dealing with deformation signals.The preparatory phase of a large earthquake may include both seismic (foreshocks) and aseismic (slow slip event, SSE) deforming episodes but, unlike afterslip, no slow event has yet been recorded before moderate earthquakes, even when they occurred close to high-sensitivity strain meters. An exception to this seems to be represented by the 2009 earthquake. The main shock was preceded by a foreshock sequence lasting 6 months; it has been claimed that an analysis of continuous GPS data shows that during the foreshock sequence a 5.9 Mw SSE occurred along a decollement located beneath the reactivated normal fault system. This hypothesized SSE, that started in the middle of February 2009 and lasted for almost two weeks, would have eventually loaded the largest foreshock and the main shock.We show that the strain signal that the SSE would have generated at two laser strainmeters operating at about 20 km NE from the SSE source was essentially undetected. On the contrary, a transient signal is present in temperature and precipitation time series recorded close to the GPS station, MTTO, that has largest signal referred to the SSE, implying that these contaminated the GPS record. This interpretation is corroborated by the strong similarity, during the coldest winter months, between the displacement data of MTTO and a linear combination of filtered temperature and precipitation data, mimicking simple heat conduction and snow accumulation/removal processes. Such a correlation between displacement and environmental data is missing during the other seasons, when it neither snows nor freezes. This lack of correlation seems to exclude simple thermal expansion of the bedrock or the pillar monument itself as a local source of deformation. We hypothesize that thermal effects might be caused by ground freezing and consequent water expansion (about 9%) when liquid water is converted into ice.

Network Centric Warfare and the Changing Role of the Signal Corps

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-03-19

Internet; accessed 8 November 2003, A1-A2. 26 Steven R. Covey, 7 Habits of Highly Effective People , (New York, NY: Simon and Schuster, 1989), 98. 27...Methods, ed. Douglas V. Johnson “n.p.”, 2000. Covey, Steven R. 7 Habits of Highly Effective People . New York, NY: Simon and Schuster, 1989. French

Development and characterisation of chitosan or alginate-coated low density polyethylene films containing Satureja hortensis extract.

PubMed

Rahmani, Bahareh; Hosseini, Hedayat; Khani, Mohammadreza; Farhoodi, Mehdi; Honarvar, Zohreh; Feizollahi, Ehsan; Shokri, Babak; Shojaee-Aliabadi, Saeedeh

2017-12-01

This study aimed to develop novel bilayer films based on alginate, chitosan and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) containing different concentrations of summer savory extract (SSE). The cold atmospheric plasma system was used to increase the surface energy of LDPE. Initially, water contact angle, surface roughness and the functional group of LDPE before and after plasma treatment were investigated. Then physical, mechanical, optical, antioxidant and microstructure properties of plasma-treated and untreated bilayer films and antioxidant films incorporated with SSE were characterized. Results showed that plasma treatment increased oxygen-containing the polar group, surface roughness and decreased water contact angle of LDPE surface (from 90.47° to 48.73°) and in result enhanced adhesion between polysaccharide coating and LDPE. Tensile strength of both alginate and chitosan coated-LDPE increased from 10.096 to 14.372 and 11.513 to 13.459MPa, respectively after plasma pretreatment. However chitosan-based films had lower water solubility. Although, incorporation of SSE into chitosan and alginate coated-LDPE despite slight adverse effects on the physical and mechanical properties of films, it provided antioxidant activity. Chitosan coated-LDPE containing SSE had potential to use as antioxidant food packaging. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Working memory operates over the same representations as attention

PubMed Central

Xie, Jiushu; Xia, Tiansheng; Mo, Lei

2017-01-01

A recent study observed a working memory (WM) Stroop effect with a magnitude equivalent to that of the classic Stroop effect, indicating that WM operates over the same representations as attention. However, more research is needed to examine this proposal. One unanswered question is whether the WM Stroop effect occurs when the WM item and the perceptual task do not have an overlapping response set. We addressed this question in Experiment 1 by conducting an attentional word-color task and a WM word-color task. The results showed that a WM Stroop effect also occurred in that condition, as a word that only indirectly evoked a color representation could interfere with the color judgement in both the attentional task and WM task. In Experiment 2, we used a classic Simon task and a WM Simon task to examine whether holding visuo-spatial information rather than verbal information in WM could interfere with perceptual judgment as well. We observed a WM Simon effect of equivalent magnitude to that of the classic Simon effect. The well-known stimulus-response compatibility effect also existed in the WM domain. The two experiments together demonstrated that WM operates over the same representations as attention, which sheds new light on the hypothesis that working memory is internally directed attention. PMID:28604840

Working memory operates over the same representations as attention.

PubMed

Chen, Ke; Ye, Yanyan; Xie, Jiushu; Xia, Tiansheng; Mo, Lei

2017-01-01

A recent study observed a working memory (WM) Stroop effect with a magnitude equivalent to that of the classic Stroop effect, indicating that WM operates over the same representations as attention. However, more research is needed to examine this proposal. One unanswered question is whether the WM Stroop effect occurs when the WM item and the perceptual task do not have an overlapping response set. We addressed this question in Experiment 1 by conducting an attentional word-color task and a WM word-color task. The results showed that a WM Stroop effect also occurred in that condition, as a word that only indirectly evoked a color representation could interfere with the color judgement in both the attentional task and WM task. In Experiment 2, we used a classic Simon task and a WM Simon task to examine whether holding visuo-spatial information rather than verbal information in WM could interfere with perceptual judgment as well. We observed a WM Simon effect of equivalent magnitude to that of the classic Simon effect. The well-known stimulus-response compatibility effect also existed in the WM domain. The two experiments together demonstrated that WM operates over the same representations as attention, which sheds new light on the hypothesis that working memory is internally directed attention.

Epitaxial growth and photoluminescence of hexagonal CdS 1- xSe x alloy films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grün, M.; Gerlach, H.; Breitkopf, Th.; Hetterich, M.; Reznitsky, A.; Kalt, H.; Klingshirn, C.

1995-01-01

CdSSe ternary alloy films were grown on GaAs(111) by hot-wall beam epitaxy. The hexagonal crystal phase is obtained. The composition varies from 0 to 40% selenium. Luminescence spectroscopy at low temperatures shows a dominant effect by alloy disorder. Localization of carriers, for example, is still observed at a pulsed optical excitation density of 6 mJ/cm 2. The overall quality of the CdSSe films is sufficient to use them as buffer layers for the growth of hexagonal superlattices.

Anticipatory Regulation of Action Control in a Simon Task: Behavioral, Electrophysiological, and fMRI Correlates

PubMed Central

Strack, Gamze; Kaufmann, Christian; Kehrer, Stefanie; Brandt, Stephan; Stürmer, Birgit

2013-01-01

With the present study we investigated cue-induced preparation in a Simon task and measured electroencephalogram and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data in two within-subjects sessions. Cues informed either about the upcoming (1) spatial stimulus-response compatibility (rule cues), or (2) the stimulus location (position cues), or (3) were non-informative. Only rule cues allowed anticipating the upcoming compatibility condition. Position cues allowed anticipation of the upcoming location of the Simon stimulus but not its compatibility condition. Rule cues elicited fastest and most accurate performance for both compatible and incompatible trials. The contingent negative variation (CNV) in the event-related potential (ERP) of the cue-target interval is an index of anticipatory preparation and was magnified after rule cues. The N2 in the post-target ERP as a measure of online action control was reduced in Simon trials after rule cues. Although compatible trials were faster than incompatible trials in all cue conditions only non-informative cues revealed a compatibility effect in additional indicators of Simon task conflict like accuracy and the N2. We thus conclude that rule cues induced anticipatory re-coding of the Simon task that did not involve cognitive conflict anymore. fMRI revealed that rule cues yielded more activation of the left rostral, dorsal, and ventral prefrontal cortex as well as the pre-SMA as compared to POS and NON-cues. Pre-SMA and ventrolateral prefrontal activation after rule cues correlated with the effective use of rule cues in behavioral performance. Position cues induced a smaller CNV effect and exhibited less prefrontal and pre-SMA contributions in fMRI. Our data point to the importance to disentangle different anticipatory adjustments that might also include the prevention of upcoming conflict via task re-coding. PMID:23408377

Atomic solid state energy scale: Universality and periodic trends in oxidation state

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pelatt, Brian D.; Kokenyesi, Robert S.; Ravichandran, Ram

2015-11-15

The atomic solid state energy (SSE) scale originates from a plot of the electron affinity (EA) and ionization potential (IP) versus band gap (E{sub G}). SSE is estimated for a given atom by assessing an average EA (for a cation) or an average IP (for an anion) for binary inorganic compounds having that specific atom as a constituent. Physically, SSE is an experimentally-derived average frontier orbital energy referenced to the vacuum level. In its original formulation, 69 binary closed-shell inorganic semiconductors and insulators were employed as a database, providing SSE estimates for 40 elements. In this contribution, EA and IPmore » versus E{sub G} are plotted for an additional 92 compounds, thus yielding SSE estimates for a total of 64 elements from the s-, p-, d-, and f-blocks of the periodic table. Additionally, SSE is refined to account for its dependence on oxidation state. Although most cations within the SSE database are found to occur in a single oxidation state, data are available for nine d-block transition metals and one p-block main group metal in more than one oxidation state. SSE is deeper in energy for a higher cation oxidation state. Two p-block main group non-metals within the SSE database are found to exist in both positive and negative oxidation states so that they can function as a cation or anion. SSEs for most cations are positioned above −4.5 eV with respect to the vacuum level, and SSEs for all anions are positioned below. Hence, the energy −4.5 eV, equal to the hydrogen donor/acceptor ionization energy ε(+/−) or equivalently the standard hydrogen electrode energy, is considered to be an absolute energy reference for chemical bonding in the solid state. - Highlights: • Atomic solid-state energies are estimated for 64 elements from experimental data. • The relationship between atomic SSEs and oxidation state is assessed. • Cations are positioned above and absolute energy of −4.5 eV and anions below.« less

Two Simon tasks with different sources of conflict: an ERP study of motion- and location-based compatibility effects.

PubMed

Galashan, Daniela; Wittfoth, Matthias; Fehr, Thorsten; Herrmann, Manfred

2008-07-01

Behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of two Simon tasks were examined using comparable stimuli but different task-irrelevant and conflict-inducing stimulus features. Whereas target shape was always the task-relevant stimulus attribute, either target location (location-based task) or motion direction within the target stimuli (motion-based task) was used as a source of conflict. Data from ten healthy participants who performed both tasks are presented. In the motion-based task the incompatible condition showed smaller P300 amplitudes at Pz than the compatible condition and the location-based task yielded a trend towards a reduced P300 amplitude in the incompatible condition. For both tasks, no P300 latency differences between the conditions were found at Pz. The results suggest that the motion-based task elicits behavioral and electrophysiological effects comparable with regular Simon tasks. As all stimuli in the motion-based Simon task were presented centrally the present data strongly argue against the attention-shifting account as an explanatory approach.

Sensory neural pathways revisited to unravel the temporal dynamics of the Simon effect: A model-based cognitive neuroscience approach.

PubMed

Salzer, Yael; de Hollander, Gilles; Forstmann, Birte U

2017-06-01

The Simon task is one of the most prominent interference tasks and has been extensively studied in experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience. Despite years of research, the underlying mechanism driving the phenomenon and its temporal dynamics are still disputed. Within the framework of the review, we adopt a model-based cognitive neuroscience approach. We first go over key findings in the literature of the Simon task, discuss competing qualitative cognitive theories and the difficulty of testing them empirically. We then introduce sequential sampling models, a particular class of mathematical cognitive process models. Finally, we argue that the brain architecture accountable for the processing of spatial ('where') and non-spatial ('what') information, could constrain these models. We conclude that there is a clear need to bridge neural and behavioral measures, and that mathematical cognitive models may facilitate the construction of this bridge and work towards revealing the underlying mechanisms of the Simon effect. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Control processes through the suppression of the automatic response activation triggered by task-irrelevant information in the Simon-type tasks.

PubMed

Kim, Sanga; Lee, Sang Ho; Cho, Yang Seok

2015-11-01

The congruency sequence effect, one of the indices of cognitive control, refers to a smaller congruency effect after an incongruent than congruent trial. Although the effect has been found across a variety of conflict tasks, there is not yet agreement on the underlying mechanism. The present study investigated the mechanism underlying cognitive control by using a cross-task paradigm. In Experiments 1, 2, and 3, participants performed a modified Simon task and a spatial Stroop task alternately in a trial-by-trial manner. The task-irrelevant dimension of the two tasks was perceptually and conceptually identical in Experiment 1, whereas it was perceptually different but conceptually identical in Experiment 2. The response sets for both tasks were different in Experiment 3. In Experiment 4, participants performed two Simon tasks with different task-relevant dimensions. In all experiments in which the task-irrelevant dimension and response mode were shared, significant congruency sequence effects were found between the two different congruencies, indicating that Simon-type conflicts were resolved by a control mechanism, which is specific to an abstract task-irrelevant stimulus spatial dimension. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Conflict-specific effects of accessory stimuli on cognitive control in the Stroop task and the Simon task.

PubMed

Soutschek, Alexander; Müller, Hermann J; Schubert, Torsten

2013-01-01

Both the Stroop and the Simon paradigms are often used in research on cognitive control, however, there is evidence that dissociable control processes are involved in these tasks: While conflicts in the Stroop task may be resolved mainly by enhanced task-relevant stimulus processing, conflicts in the Simon task may be resolved rather by suppressing the influence of task-irrelevant information on response selection. In the present study, we show that these control mechanisms interact in different ways with the presentation of accessory stimuli. Accessory stimuli do not affect cognitive control in the Simon task, but they impair the efficiency of cross-trial control processes in the Stroop task. Our findings underline the importance of differentiating between different types of conflicts and mechanisms of cognitive control.

Role of the sseK1 gene in the pathogenicity of Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in vitro and in vivo.

PubMed

Yang, Yadong; Yu, Chuan; Ding, Ke; Zhang, Chunjie; Liao, Chengshui; Jia, Yanyan; Li, Jing; Cheng, Xiangchao

2018-04-01

Salmonella enteritidis is a common food-borne pathogen associated with consumption of contaminated poultry meat and eggs, which frequently causes gastroenteritis in humans. Salmonella secreted effector K1 (SseK1), as a translocated and secreted protein has been identified to be essential for the virulence of Salmonella typhimurium in host cells. However, the role of the sseK1 gene in the pathogenicity of S. enteritidis remain unclear. In this study, a sseK1 deletion mutant of S. enteritidis was constructed and its biological characteristics were examined. It was found that the sseK1 deletion mutant did not affect the growth, adherence and invasion of Salmonella enteritidis when compared to the wild-type S. enteritidis. However, the mutant showed decreased formation of biofilm and significantly reduced intracellular survival of bacteria in activated mouse peritoneal macrophages, as well as showed reduced pathogenicity to a murine model by increasing the lethal dose 50% (LD 50 ) value and decreasing the proliferation ratio of bacteria in vivo. Taken together, this study determined an important role for SseK1 in the pathogenicity of S. enteritidis in vitro and in vivo. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sun protection and skin self-examination in melanoma survivors.

PubMed

Mujumdar, Urvi J; Hay, Jennifer L; Monroe-Hinds, Yvette C; Hummer, Amanda J; Begg, Colin B; Wilcox, Homer B; Oliveria, Susan A; Berwick, Marianne

2009-10-01

Patients diagnosed with melanoma are at risk for developing recurrent and second primary disease. Skin self-examination (SSE) and sun protection are standard clinical recommendations to minimize risk. In this study we examined performance of these behaviors in individuals with melanoma drawn from the general population. Potential participants (N=148) with a first primary melanoma diagnosed in 2000 were identified through a population-based cancer registry in New Jersey, USA. One hundred and fifteen individuals participated in a 30 min telephone interview concerning behavioral adherence with SSE and sun protection, self-efficacy for performing these behaviors, and perceived risk of developing another skin cancer. We utilized logistic regression to estimate potential associations of demographic, medical, and psychosocial factors with SSE and sun protection, respectively. Seventeen percent of subjects reported performing comprehensive SSE at least once every two months and 23% engaged in regular sun protection. Utilization of SSE was related to the presence of moles (OR=4.2, 95% CI: 1.1-15) and higher SSE self-efficacy (OR=14.4, 95% CI: 1.9-112). Regular sun protection was related to older age (>60 years; OR=3.3, 95% CI: 1.3-8.7), being female (OR=2.8, 95% CI: 1.1-7.3), and higher sun protection self-efficacy (OR=5.0, 95% CI: 1.4-18). These factors remained significant in multivariate models. In this group of primary melanoma survivors, the rates of SSE and sun protection are comparable to, but do not exceed, general population estimates. This study provides justification for further research to address barriers to prevention and control behaviors in melanoma survivors.

The 2007 Boso Slow Slip Event and the associated earthquake swarm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sekine, S.; Hirose, H.; Kimura, H.; Obara, K.

2007-12-01

In the Boso Peninsula, which is located in southeast of the Japan mainland, slow slip events (SSE) have been observed by the GEONET GPS array operated by the Geographical Survey Institute Japan and the NIED tiltmeter network every 6-7 years (Ozawa et al.,2003; NIED 2003). The unique characteristics of the Boso SSE are that earthquake swarm activities have also occurred in association with the SSE. The latest activity of the SSE and the earthquake swarm took place in August 2007. On 13th August, an earthquake swarm began to occur at east off Boso Peninsula and the slow tilt deformations also started. The earthquake sources migrated to the NNE direction, which is the same direction of the relative plate motion of the subducting Philippine Sea Plate with respect to the overriding plate. The largest earthquake in this episode (Mw 5.3) occurred on 16th and the second largest one (Mw 5.2) on 18th. Most of the larger earthquakes show low- angle thrust type focal mechanisms that are consistent with the plate motion and the geometry of the subduction plate interface. The tilt changes seem to stop on 17th and the activity of the swarm rapidly decreases after 19th. The maximum tilt change of 0.8 micro radian with northwest down tilting was observed at KT2H, the nearest station from the source region. Based on the tilt records around Boso Peninsula, we estimate a fault model for the SSE using genetic algorithm inversion to non-linear parameter and the weighted least squares method to linear parameters. As a result, the estimated moment magnitude and the amount of slip are 6.4 and 10 cm, respectively. The size and the location of the SSE are similar to the previous episodes. The estimated fault plane is very consistent with the configuration of the plate interface (Kimura et al., 2006). Most of the earthquakes are located on the deeper edge of the estimated SSE fault area. The coincidence of the swarm and the SSE suggests a causal relation between them and may help us to understand the mechanism of earthquake triggering. On the other hand, in the southwest Japan, tremors which repeat at approximately six months have occurred in association with the SSE. To compare with these two types of SSE may suggest the difference of the boundary conditions on the same subducting plate.

Spin Seebeck effect in insulating epitaxial γ-Fe2O3 thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiménez-Cavero, P.; Lucas, I.; Anadón, A.; Ramos, R.; Niizeki, T.; Aguirre, M. H.; Algarabel, P. A.; Uchida, K.; Ibarra, M. R.; Saitoh, E.; Morellón, L.

2017-02-01

We report the fabrication of high crystal quality epitaxial thin films of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), a classic ferrimagnetic insulating iron oxide. Spin Seebeck effect (SSE) measurements in γ-Fe2O3/Pt bilayers as a function of sample preparation conditions and temperature yield a SSE coefficient of 0.5(1) μV/K at room temperature. Dependence on temperature allows us to estimate the magnon diffusion length in maghemite to be in the range of tens of nanometers, in good agreement with that of conducting iron oxide magnetite (Fe3O4), establishing the relevance of spin currents of magnonic origin in magnetic iron oxides.

Estimation of the spatiotemporal evolution of slow slip events in the Tokai region, central Japan, during 1994 - 2016 using GNSS data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sakaue, H.; Nishimura, T.; Fukuda, J.; Kato, T.

2017-12-01

In the Tokai region, central Japan, the long-term slow slip events (L-SSEs) observed on the subducting Philippine Sea Plate (PSP) from 2000 to 2005 and since 2013. Moreover, many short-term slow slip events (S-SSEs) have been observed in the Tokai region since 1996. Sakaue et al. (2017) reported that the spatiotemporal evolution of an L-SSE and S-SSEs on the PSP beneath the Tokai region from 2013 to 2015. This study is probably the first case that migration of slip for S-SSE (Mw < 6.0) was estimated solely using GNSS data in southwest Japan.We, here, extend our analysis period to be from 1994 to 2016. The GIPSY-OASIS II software was used to estimate daily coordinates of GNSS stations operated by GSI and JUNCO (the Japanese University Consortium for GPS Research) in the Tokai region. It is well known that GNSS time series have many systematic signals that do not result from SSEs. These systematic signals include, for example, seasonal variations, cosiesmic and post-seismic deformation of the 2004 off Southeast Kii Peninsula eqrthquake and the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake (Mw. 9.0), crustal deformation of volcanic activity on Miyake-jima island and so on. After removing these systematic signals, we applied a modified Network Inversion Filter (NIF) [Fukuda et al., 2008]. The original NIF [Segall & Matthews, 1997] assumes a constant hyperparameter for the temporal smoothing of slip rates and thus often results in oversmoothing of slip rates. The modified NIF assumes a time-variable hyperparameter, so that changes in slip rates are effectively extracted from GNSS time series.The results indicate that not only the spatiotemporal evolutions of the 2000 Tokai L-SSE and the 2013 L-SSE but also the spatiotemporal evolution of S-SSEs are estimated. We will present a comparison of the spatiotemporal evolutions between the 2000 Tokai L-SSE and the 2013 L-SSE and possible dependence of the occurrence style of S-SSEs on the occurrence of the L-SSEs.

Understanding Scaling Relations in Fracture and Mechanical Deformation of Single Crystal and Polycrystalline Silicon by Performing Atomistic Simulations at Mesoscale

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-07-16

0.25 0.26 -0.85 1 SSR SSE R SSTO SSTO = = − 2 2 ˆ( ) : Regression sum of square, ˆwhere : mean value, : value from the fitted line ˆ...Error sum of square : Total sum of square i i i i SSR Y Y Y Y SSE Y Y SSTO SSE SSR = − = − = + ∑ ∑ Statistical analysis: Coefficient of correlation

Ferromagnetism induced by point defect in Janus monolayer MoSSe regulated by strain engineering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meng, Ming; Li, Tinghui; Li, Shaofeng; Liu, Kuili

2018-03-01

The formation and regulation of magnetism dependent on introduced defects in the Janus MoSSe monolayer has attracted much attention because of its potential application in spintronics. Here, we present a theoretical study of defect formation in the MoSSe monolayer and its introduced magnetism under external strain. The tensile deformation induced by external strain not only leads to decreases in defect formation energy, but also enhances magnetic characteristics. However, as compressed deformation increases, the magnetism in the structure induced by Se or S defects remains unchanged because this microstructural deformation adequately spin polarizes unpaired electrons of neighboring Mo atoms. Our results suggest the use of point defect and strain engineering in the Janus MoSSe monolayer for spintronics applications.

Cognitive Control Acts Locally

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Notebaert, Wim; Verguts, Tom

2008-01-01

Cognitive control adjusts information processing to momentary needs and task requirements. We investigated conflict adaptation when participants are performing two tasks, a Simon task and a SNARC task. The results indicated that one congruency effect (e.g., Simon) was reduced after conflict in the other task (e.g., SNARC), but only when both tasks…

Individual differences in action co-representation: not personal distress or subclinical psychotic experiences but sex composition modulates joint action performance.

PubMed

van der Weiden, Anouk; Aarts, Henk; Prikken, Merel; van Haren, Neeltje E M

2016-02-01

Successful social interaction requires the ability to integrate as well as distinguish own and others' actions. Normally, the integration and distinction of self and other are a well-balanced process, occurring without much effort or conscious attention. However, not everyone is blessed with the ability to balance self-other distinction and integration, resulting in personal distress in reaction to other people's emotions or even a loss of self [e.g., in (subclinical) psychosis]. Previous research has demonstrated that the integration and distinction of others' actions cause interference with one's own action performance (commonly assessed with a social Simon task). The present study had two goals. First, as previous studies on the social Simon effect employed relatively small samples (N < 50 per test), we aimed for a sample size that allowed us to test the robustness of the action interference effect. Second, we tested to what extent action interference reflects individual differences in traits related to self-other distinction (i.e., personal distress in reaction to other people's emotions and subclinical psychotic symptoms). Based on a questionnaire study among a large sample (N = 745), we selected a subsample (N = 130) of participants scoring low, average, or high on subclinical psychotic symptoms, or on personal distress. The selected participants performed a social Simon task. Results showed a robust social Simon effect, regardless of individual differences in personal distress or subclinical psychotic symptoms. However, exploratory analyses revealed that the sex composition of interaction pairs modulated social Simon effects. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed.

Casimir effect within D=3+1 Maxwell-Chern-Simons electrodynamics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kharlanov, O. G.; Zhukovsky, V. Ch.

2010-01-15

Within the framework of the (3+1)-dimensional Lorentz-violating extended electrodynamics including the CPT-odd Chern-Simons term, we consider the electromagnetic field between two parallel perfectly conducting plates. We find the one-particle eigenstates of such a field, as well as the implicit expression for the photon energy spectrum. We also show that the tachyon-induced vacuum instability is negligible when the separation between the plates is sufficiently small though finite. In order to find the leading Chern-Simons correction to the vacuum energy, we renormalize and evaluate the sum over all one-particle eigenstate energies using the two different methods, the zeta function technique and themore » transformation of the discrete sum into a complex plane integral via the residue theorem. The resulting correction to the Casimir force, which is attractive and quadratic in the Chern-Simons term, disagrees with the one obtained in [M. Frank and I. Turan, Phys. Rev. D 74, 033016 (2006)], using the misinterpreted equations of motion. Compared with experimental data, our result places a constraint on the absolute value of the Chern-Simons term.« less

Rate heterogeneity across Squamata, misleading ancestral state reconstruction and the importance of proper null model specification.

PubMed

Harrington, S; Reeder, T W

2017-02-01

The binary-state speciation and extinction (BiSSE) model has been used in many instances to identify state-dependent diversification and reconstruct ancestral states. However, recent studies have shown that the standard procedure of comparing the fit of the BiSSE model to constant-rate birth-death models often inappropriately favours the BiSSE model when diversification rates vary in a state-independent fashion. The newly developed HiSSE model enables researchers to identify state-dependent diversification rates while accounting for state-independent diversification at the same time. The HiSSE model also allows researchers to test state-dependent models against appropriate state-independent null models that have the same number of parameters as the state-dependent models being tested. We reanalyse two data sets that originally used BiSSE to reconstruct ancestral states within squamate reptiles and reached surprising conclusions regarding the evolution of toepads within Gekkota and viviparity across Squamata. We used this new method to demonstrate that there are many shifts in diversification rates across squamates. We then fit various HiSSE submodels and null models to the state and phylogenetic data and reconstructed states under these models. We found that there is no single, consistent signal for state-dependent diversification associated with toepads in gekkotans or viviparity across all squamates. Our reconstructions show limited support for the recently proposed hypotheses that toepads evolved multiple times independently in Gekkota and that transitions from viviparity to oviparity are common in Squamata. Our results highlight the importance of considering an adequate pool of models and null models when estimating diversification rate parameters and reconstructing ancestral states. © 2016 European Society For Evolutionary Biology. Journal of Evolutionary Biology © 2016 European Society For Evolutionary Biology.

Working memory capacity predicts conflict-task performance.

PubMed

Gulbinaite, Rasa; Johnson, Addie

2014-01-01

The relationship between the ability to maintain task goals and working memory capacity (WMC) is firmly established, but evidence for WMC-related differences in conflict processing is mixed. We investigated whether WMC (measured using two complex-span tasks) mediates differences in adjustments of cognitive control in response to conflict. Participants performed a Simon task in which congruent and incongruent trials were equiprobable, but in which the proportion of congruency repetitions (congruent trials followed by congruent trials or incongruent trials followed by incongruent trials) and thus the need for trial-by-trial adjustments in cognitive control varied by block. The overall Simon effect did not depend on WMC capacity. However, for the low-WMC participants the Simon effect decreased as the proportion of congruency repetitions decreased, whereas for the high- and average-WMC participants it was relatively constant across conditions. Distribution analysis of the Simon effect showed more evidence for the inhibition of stimulus location in the low- than in the high-WMC participants, especially when the proportion of congruency repetitions was low. We hypothesize that low-WMC individuals exhibit more interference from task-irrelevant information due to weaker preparatory control prior to stimulus presentation and, thus, stronger reliance on reactive recruitment of cognitive control.

System of Systems Engineering and Integration Process for Network Transport Assessment

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-01

SOSE&I CONCEPTS The DOD-sourced “Systems Engineering Guide for Systems of Systems” provides an overview of the SoS environment and SE considerations...usage as a guide in application of systems engineering processes. They are listed verbatim below as defined in the DOD SE guide (ODUSD[A&T]SSE 2008...Technology (A&T), Systems and Software Engineering (SSE). 2008. Systems Engineering Guide for Systems of Systems. Washington, DC: ODUSD(A&T)SSE

Skin self-examinations and visual identification of atypical nevi: comparing individual and crowdsourcing approaches.

PubMed

King, Andy J; Gehl, Robert W; Grossman, Douglas; Jensen, Jakob D

2013-12-01

Skin self-examination (SSE) is one method for identifying atypical nevi among members of the general public. Unfortunately, past research has shown that SSE has low sensitivity in detecting atypical nevi. The current study investigates whether crowdsourcing (collective effort) can improve SSE identification accuracy. Collective effort is potentially useful for improving people's visual identification of atypical nevi during SSE because, even when a single person has low reliability at a task, the pattern of the group can overcome the limitations of each individual. Adults (N=500) were recruited from a shopping mall in the Midwest. Participants viewed educational pamphlets about SSE and then completed a mole identification task. For the task, participants were asked to circle mole images that appeared atypical. Forty nevi images were provided; nine of the images were of nevi that were later diagnosed as melanoma. Consistent with past research, individual effort exhibited modest sensitivity (.58) for identifying atypical nevi in the mole identification task. As predicted, collective effort overcame the limitations of individual effort. Specifically, a 19% collective effort identification threshold exhibited superior sensitivity (.90). The results of the current study suggest that limitations of SSE can be countered by collective effort, a finding that supports the pursuit of interventions promoting early melanoma detection that contain crowdsourced visual identification components. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Joint Simon effects in extrapersonal space.

PubMed

Welsh, Timothy N; Kiernan, Dovin; Neyedli, Heather F; Ray, Matthew; Pratt, Jay; Potruff, Andrew; Weeks, Daniel J

2013-01-01

Numerous studies have revealed that when people sit next to each other and complete separate parts of a Simon task, response times are shorter when the participants' stimulus appears in front of them than when the stimulus appears in the opposite side of space. According to the action co-representation account of this joint Simon effect (JSE), participants represent each other's responses and the compatibility effects emerge because of a set of facilitatory and inhibitory processes that are similar to those that are activated when individuals perform the entire Simon task alone. D. Guagnano, E. Rusconi, and C. A. Umiltà (2010) argued against this account as the sole mechanism based on their finding that a JSE was not observed when participants sat outside of each other's peripersonal space. Notably, the task in the Guagnano et al.'s was a modified version of the conventional JSE task designed to increase the independence of the partners. Here, we reconsider the arguments of Guagnano et al. and report a study in which the authors failed to replicate their key finding. Considering the extant JSE literature, we conclude that the null effect in Guagnano et al.'s study may be an anomaly and that co-representation remains a leading candidate for the critical process underlying JSEs.

Problems with a Play Paradigm: A Reply to Dansky.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simon, Tony; Smith, Peter K.

1986-01-01

In answer to points raised by Dansky (1985) about specific inferences from Simon and Smith's study (1985) and broader issues about a single-session paradigm used in play and problem solving studies, Simon and Smith argue that their study adequately demonstrated how methodological factors in paradigm can swamp the effects of any treatment…

Degradation and Its Control of Ultraviolet Avalanche Photodiodes Using PEDOT:PSS/ZnSSe Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abe, Tomoki; Uchida, Shigeto; Tanaka, Keita; Fujisawa, Takanobu; Kasada, Hirofumi; Ando, Koshi; Akaiwa, Kazuaki; Ichino, Kunio

2018-05-01

We investigated device degradation in PEDOT:PSS/ZnSSe organic-inorganic hybrid ultraviolet avalanche photodiodes (UV-APDs). ZnSSe/n-GaAs wafers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy, and PEDOT:PSS window layers were formed by inkjet technique. We observed rapid degradation with APD-mode stress (˜ 30 V) in the N2 (4 N) atmosphere, while we observed no marked change in forward bias current stress and photocurrent stress. In the case of a vacuum condition, we observed no detectable degradation in the dark avalanche current with APD-mode stress. Therefore, the degradation in the PEDOT:PSS/ZnSSe interface under the APD-mode stress was caused by the residual water vapor or oxygen in the N2 atmosphere and could be controlled by vacuum packaging.

Impaired Inhibition of Prepotent Motor Tendencies in Friedreich Ataxia Demonstrated by the Simon Interference Task

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Corben, L. A.; Akhlaghi, H.; Georgiou-Karistianis, N.; Bradshaw, J. L.; Egan, G. F.; Storey, E.; Churchyard, A. J.; Delatycki, M. B.

2011-01-01

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is the most common of the genetically inherited ataxias. We recently demonstrated that people with FRDA have impairment in motor planning--most likely because of pathology affecting the cerebral cortex and/or cerebello-cortical projections. We used the Simon interference task to examine how effective 13 individuals with…

Herbert A. Simon: Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, 1978.

PubMed

Leahey, Thomas H

2003-09-01

In 1978, Herbert A. Simon won the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, the same Nobel won by Daniel Kahneman in 2002. Simon's work in fact paved the way for Kahneman's Nobel. Although trained in political science and economics rather than psychology, Simon applied psychological ideas to economic theorizing. Classical and neoclassical economic theories assume that people are perfectly rational and strive to optimize economic outcomes. Simon argued that human rationality is constrained, not perfect, and that people seek satisfactory rather than ideal outcomes. Despite his Nobel, Simon felt isolated in economics and ultimately moved into psychology. Nevertheless, his ideas percolated through the economic community, so that Kahneman, whose research advanced Simon's broad perspective, could be the psychologist who won the Nobel in economics.

Casimir effect within D=3+1 Maxwell-Chern-Simons electrodynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kharlanov, O. G.; Zhukovsky, V. Ch.

2010-01-01

Within the framework of the (3+1)-dimensional Lorentz-violating extended electrodynamics including the CPT-odd Chern-Simons term, we consider the electromagnetic field between two parallel perfectly conducting plates. We find the one-particle eigenstates of such a field, as well as the implicit expression for the photon energy spectrum. We also show that the tachyon-induced vacuum instability is negligible when the separation between the plates is sufficiently small though finite. In order to find the leading Chern-Simons correction to the vacuum energy, we renormalize and evaluate the sum over all one-particle eigenstate energies using the two different methods, the zeta function technique and the transformation of the discrete sum into a complex plane integral via the residue theorem. The resulting correction to the Casimir force, which is attractive and quadratic in the Chern-Simons term, disagrees with the one obtained in [M. Frank and I. Turan, Phys. Rev. DPRVDAQ1550-7998 74, 033016 (2006)10.1103/PhysRevD.74.033016], using the misinterpreted equations of motion. Compared with experimental data, our result places a constraint on the absolute value of the Chern-Simons term.

Where can I read news and articles about the SSE web site?

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2017-12-14

At the NASA  Earth Observatory  : Study: Power to the People! Images: Global Wind Speed Visible Earth: ... Aerospace Technology Innovation (July/August 1997) Solar Cooker Review (July 2002) SSE: General Questions ...

SSE Web Access Data

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-04-04

Description:  Obtain Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) data Available for locations, global/regional areas, ... Provided for 1° latitude by 1° longitude grid cells over the 22-year period July 1983 through June 2005 ...

Two Enhancements of the Logarithmic Least-Squares Method for Analyzing Subjective Comparisons

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-03-25

error term. 1 For this model, the total sum of squares ( SSTO ), defined as n 2 SSTO = E (yi y) i=1 can be partitioned into error and regression sums...of the regression line around the mean value. Mathematically, for the model given by equation A.4, SSTO = SSE + SSR (A.6) A-4 where SSTO is the total...sum of squares (i.e., the variance of the yi’s), SSE is error sum of squares, and SSR is the regression sum of squares. SSTO , SSE, and SSR are given

Evaluation of the DoD Safety Program: DoD Guard & Reserve Safety Survey

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-12

Alexandria,VA,22350-1500 8 . PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S... 8 -98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 hot line D E PA R T M E N T O F D E F E N S E To report fraud, waste, mismanagement, and abuse of authority...Results 2007 Table 1 Percentile Scores, Percent Distribution of Responses, and Average Response Scores - 8 - sse oe LP oe sse SP LP SSA sse

Uncovering effects of self-control and stimulus-driven action selection on the sense of agency.

PubMed

Wang, Yuru; Damen, Tom G E; Aarts, Henk

2017-10-01

The sense of agency refers to feelings of causing one's own action and resulting effect. Previous research indicates that voluntary action selection is an important factor in shaping the sense of agency. Whereas the volitional nature of the sense of agency is well documented, the present study examined whether agency is modulated when action selection shifts from self-control to a more automatic stimulus-driven process. Seventy-two participants performed an auditory Simon task including congruent and incongruent trials to generate automatic stimulus-driven vs. more self-control driven action, respectively. Responses in the Simon task produced a tone and agency was assessed with the intentional binding task - an implicit measure of agency. Results showed a Simon effect and temporal binding effect. However, temporal binding was independent of congruency. These findings suggest that temporal binding, a window to the sense of agency, emerges for both automatic stimulus-driven actions and self-controlled actions. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Visual and auditory accessory stimulus offset and the Simon effect.

PubMed

Nishimura, Akio; Yokosawa, Kazuhiko

2010-10-01

We investigated the effect on the right and left responses of the disappearance of a task-irrelevant stimulus located on the right or left side. Participants pressed a right or left response key on the basis of the color of a centrally located visual target. Visual (Experiment 1) or auditory (Experiment 2) task-irrelevant accessory stimuli appeared or disappeared at locations to the right or left of the central target. In Experiment 1, responses were faster when onset or offset of the visual accessory stimulus was spatially congruent with the response. In Experiment 2, responses were again faster when onset of the auditory accessory stimulus and the response were on the same side. However, responses were slightly slower when offset of the auditory accessory stimulus and the response were on the same side than when they were on opposite sides. These findings indicate that transient change information is crucial for a visual Simon effect, whereas sustained stimulation from an ongoing stimulus also contributes to an auditory Simon effect.

What many years of tremor reveals about the Mexican Sweet Spot

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Husker, A. L.; Avila, L.; Gonzalez, G.; Frank, W.; Kostoglodov, V.

2017-12-01

Different temporary seismic deployments have detected and located tectonic tremor in Mexico. These different temporary studies have lasted for a maximum of a few years. However, the long-term SSE's occur every 4 years. The permanent network is too sparse to locate SSEs, however one station is located in the main tremor region and has very low noise. We use spectral detection to create a catalog from its installation in March 2009 to the present. The catalog corresponds with the catalog determined during the temporary GGAP seismic network deployment, which gives us confidence that the single station detection works. Two separate large long term SSEs (2009-2010 and 2014) occur in this time span. We find a good correlation between the tremor and slip at the beginning of the SSEs. However, we find differences in both in the later stages of the SSEs. The 2009-2010 SSE appeared to be ending towards the end of 2009, however it was reactivated by the Feb. 27, 2010 M8.8 Chilean earthquake. The tremor showed a small many day burst (similar to other bursts) associated with the earthquake, but did not resume the high continuous tremor rate associated with the beginning of the SSE or seen during other large SSEs. The tremor rate at the end of the 2014 SSE stayed high for many months after the SSE and did not return to the background inter-SSE rate until the middle of 2015, about 6 months after the SSE ended. The background tremor rate is roughly 1 hour/day and remains constant over the entire period. This rate is actually comprised of many bursts that can last for up to 2 weeks with up to 80 hours of tremor during that time. The very constant long-term tremor rate made up of bursts can be explained by a simple stick-slip model.

Detection of Shallow Slow Slip events on the Northern Hikurangi Margin using Ocean Bottom Pressure Recorders

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muramoto, T.; Ito, Y.; Inazu, D.; Henrys, S. A.; Wallace, L.; Bannister, S. C.; Mochizuki, K.; Hino, R.; Suzuki, S.

2016-12-01

The Pacific Plate subducts westward beneath the eastern North Island of New Zealand along the Hikurangi Trough at 3 to 6 cm per year. Slow slip events (SSE) occur at the northern Hikurangi margin, offshore Gisborne, New Zealand, every 18 to 24 months (Wallace et al., 2010). Recently, the SSEs have been observed by offshore ocean bottom pressure recorders (OBPR) as well as on the onshore c-GPS network (www.geonet.org.nz). OBPR data spanning from May 2014 to June 2015 show that a SSE which occurred in September-October 2014 possibly extended updip to the trench. The best-fitting slip model for that SSE reveals the major slip (10 to 20 cm slip) was focused between 7 and 4 km depth (Wallace et al., 2016). Here we report on the OBPR data from June 2015 to June 2016, covering a time period where onshore-c-GPS stations observed at least one SSE in early June 2016, just before the offshore OBPR instruments were recovered. In addition, a small SSE may also have been observed in August and October 2015. In order to precisely evaluate the crustal deformation using OBPR, we need to correct other components in the OBPR. Ocean tides were primarily estimated using BAYTAP-G (Tamura et al. 1991). Non-tial components were calculated and removed using a numerical ocean model forced by air pressure and wind on the sea surface (Inazu et al. 2012). Finally, we take the difference between the corrected OBPR at two observation points. Comparing the OBPR data to onshore c-GPS data, we detect the vertical deformation due to the SSE. We also identify whether other possible SSEs occur near the trench, which were not observed by onshore c-GPS sites. Our rolling network of OBPR provides a feasible method of detecting shallow SSE events and recovery of the frictional conditions on the plate interface near the trench.

The NANOGrav 11 Year Data Set: Pulsar-timing Constraints on the Stochastic Gravitational-wave Background

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arzoumanian, Z.; Baker, P. T.; Brazier, A.; Burke-Spolaor, S.; Chamberlin, S. J.; Chatterjee, S.; Christy, B.; Cordes, J. M.; Cornish, N. J.; Crawford, F.; Thankful Cromartie, H.; Crowter, K.; DeCesar, M.; Demorest, P. B.; Dolch, T.; Ellis, J. A.; Ferdman, R. D.; Ferrara, E.; Folkner, W. M.; Fonseca, E.; Garver-Daniels, N.; Gentile, P. A.; Haas, R.; Hazboun, J. S.; Huerta, E. A.; Islo, K.; Jones, G.; Jones, M. L.; Kaplan, D. L.; Kaspi, V. M.; Lam, M. T.; Lazio, T. J. W.; Levin, L.; Lommen, A. N.; Lorimer, D. R.; Luo, J.; Lynch, R. S.; Madison, D. R.; McLaughlin, M. A.; McWilliams, S. T.; Mingarelli, C. M. F.; Ng, C.; Nice, D. J.; Park, R. S.; Pennucci, T. T.; Pol, N. S.; Ransom, S. M.; Ray, P. S.; Rasskazov, A.; Siemens, X.; Simon, J.; Spiewak, R.; Stairs, I. H.; Stinebring, D. R.; Stovall, K.; Swiggum, J.; Taylor, S. R.; Vallisneri, M.; van Haasteren, R.; Vigeland, S.; Zhu, W. W.; The NANOGrav Collaboration

2018-05-01

We search for an isotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background (GWB) in the newly released 11 year data set from the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav). While we find no evidence for a GWB, we place constraints on a population of inspiraling supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries, a network of decaying cosmic strings, and a primordial GWB. For the first time, we find that the GWB constraints are sensitive to the solar system ephemeris (SSE) model used and that SSE errors can mimic a GWB signal. We developed an approach that bridges systematic SSE differences, producing the first pulsar-timing array (PTA) constraints that are robust against SSE errors. We thus place a 95% upper limit on the GW-strain amplitude of A GWB < 1.45 × 10‑15 at a frequency of f = 1 yr‑1 for a fiducial f ‑2/3 power-law spectrum and with interpulsar correlations modeled. This is a factor of ∼2 improvement over the NANOGrav nine-year limit calculated using the same procedure. Previous PTA upper limits on the GWB (as well as their astrophysical and cosmological interpretations) will need revision in light of SSE systematic errors. We use our constraints to characterize the combined influence on the GWB of the stellar mass density in galactic cores, the eccentricity of SMBH binaries, and SMBH–galactic-bulge scaling relationships. We constrain the cosmic-string tension using recent simulations, yielding an SSE-marginalized 95% upper limit of Gμ < 5.3 × 10‑11—a factor of ∼2 better than the published NANOGrav nine-year constraints. Our SSE-marginalized 95% upper limit on the energy density of a primordial GWB (for a radiation-dominated post-inflation universe) is ΩGWB(f) h 2 < 3.4 × 10‑10.

Theorizing Foreshadowed Death Narratives: Examining the Impact of Character Death on Narrative Processing and Skin Self-Exam Intentions.

PubMed

Jensen, Jakob D; Yale, Robert N; Krakow, Melinda; John, Kevin K; King, Andy J

2017-01-01

Narratives are common in health campaigns and interventions, with many depicting individuals battling a particular illness or disease. Past research has focused primarily on the form and effects of survivor stories, but considerably less attention has been devoted to stories in which 1 or more of the central characters passes away. The goal of the current study was to compare the relative persuasive impact of survivor and death narratives in influencing skin prevention behaviors and to test narrative mediators that might explicate underlying mechanisms of effect. To that end, adults (N = 635, M age = 32.43 [SD = 11.23]) were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 narrative intervention conditions in an online message experiment. Participants read 1 of 2 stories about a person with melanoma (Rusty or Diane) that was manipulated as a narrative depicting the survival, death, or foreshadowed death of the main character. Foreshadowed death narratives increased intentions to perform a skin self-exam (SSE), a relationship that was mediated by narrative transportation and perceived SSE benefits. The results support the central postulate of narrative transportation theory and the utility of using foreshadowed death narratives in communication-based interventions designed to increase SSE frequency.

Theorizing Foreshadowed Death Narratives: Examining the Impact of Character Death on Narrative Processing and Skin Self-Exam Intentions

PubMed Central

JENSEN, JAKOB D.; YALE, ROBERT N.; KRAKOW, MELINDA; JOHN, KEVIN K.; KING, ANDY J.

2017-01-01

Narratives are common in health campaigns and interventions, with many depicting individuals battling a particular illness or disease. Past research has focused primarily on the form and effects of survivor stories, but considerably less attention has been devoted to stories in which 1 or more of the central characters passes away. The goal of the current study was to compare the relative persuasive impact of survivor and death narratives in influencing skin prevention behaviors and to test narrative mediators that might explicate underlying mechanisms of effect. To that end, adults (N = 635, M age = 32.43 [SD = 11.23]) were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 narrative intervention conditions in an online message experiment. Participants read 1 of 2 stories about a person with melanoma (Rusty or Diane) that was manipulated as a narrative depicting the survival, death, or foreshadowed death of the main character. Foreshadowed death narratives increased intentions to perform a skin self-exam (SSE), a relationship that was mediated by narrative transportation and perceived SSE benefits. The results support the central postulate of narrative transportation theory and the utility of using foreshadowed death narratives in communication-based interventions designed to increase SSE frequency. PMID:28060585

SSE Temporarily Unavailable

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2013-09-08

... SSE, POWER, and MY NASA DATA websites are public domain and free of charge. You may use them in your research, publications, and ... dataset -> Atmosphere -> Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy . Here you can select the Monthly or Annual values for various ...

CHINA.COM The Effect of Globalization on Chinese Decision- Making

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-05-18

for Democracy,” (New York: Routledge, 1999), 12. 42 Ibid., 18. 43 Ibid., 19. 44 Leslie David Simon , “The Net: Power and Policy in the 21st Century...2003, <http://www.ojr.org/ojr/world_reports/1068766903.php> [10 May 2004]. 52 Leslie David Simon , “The Net: Power and Policy in the 21st Century

Spectral characteristics of time resolved magnonic spin Seebeck effect

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Etesami, S. R.; Chotorlishvili, L.; Berakdar, J.

2015-09-28

Spin Seebeck effect (SSE) holds promise for new spintronic devices with low-energy consumption. The underlying physics, essential for a further progress, is yet to be fully clarified. This study of the time resolved longitudinal SSE in the magnetic insulator yttrium iron garnet concludes that a substantial contribution to the spin current stems from small wave-vector subthermal exchange magnons. Our finding is in line with the recent experiment by S. R. Boona and J. P. Heremans [Phys. Rev. B 90, 064421 (2014)]. Technically, the spin-current dynamics is treated based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation also including magnons back-action on thermal bath, whilemore » the formation of the time dependent thermal gradient is described self-consistently via the heat equation coupled to the magnetization dynamics.« less

Logical recoding of S-R rules can reverse the effects of spatial S-R correspondence.

PubMed

Wühr, Peter; Biebl, Rupert

2009-02-01

Two experiments investigated competing explanations for the reversal of spatial stimulus-response (S-R) correspondence effects (i.e., Simon effects) with an incompatible S-R mapping on the relevant, nonspatial dimension. Competing explanations were based on generalized S-R rules (logical-recoding account) or referred to display-control arrangement correspondence or to S-S congruity. In Experiment 1, compatible responses to finger-name stimuli presented at left/right locations produced normal Simon effects, whereas incompatible responses to finger-name stimuli produced an inverted Simon effect. This finding supports the logical-recoding account. In Experiment 2, spatial S-R correspondence and color S-R correspondence were varied independently, and main effects of these variables were observed. The lack of an interaction between these variables, however, disconfirms a prediction of the display-control arrangement correspondence account. Together, the results provide converging evidence for the logical-recoding account. This account claims that participants derive generalized response selection rules (e.g., the identity or reversal rule) from specific S-R rules and inadvertently apply the generalized rules to the irrelevant (spatial) S-R dimension when selecting their response.

Effect of VSR invariant Chern-Simons Lagrangian on photon polarization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nayak, Alekha C.; Verma, Ravindra K.; Jain, Pankaj, E-mail: acnayak@iitk.ac.in, E-mail: ravindkv@iitk.ac.in, E-mail: pkjain@iitk.ac.in

2015-07-01

We propose a generalization of the Chern-Simons (CS) Lagrangian which is invariant under the SIM(2) transformations but not under the full Lorentz group. The generalized lagrangian is also invariant under a SIM(2) gauge transformation. We study the effect of such a term on radiation propagating over cosmological distances. We find that the dominant effect of this term is to produce circular polarization as radiation propagates through space. We use the circular polarization data from distant radio sources in order to impose a limit on this term.

Effect of VSR invariant Chern-Simons Lagrangian on photon polarization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nayak, Alekha C.; Verma, Ravindra K.; Jain, Pankaj

We propose a generalization of the Chern-Simons (CS) Lagrangian which is invariant under the SIM(2) transformations but not under the full Lorentz group. The generalized lagrangian is also invariant under a SIM(2) gauge transformation. We study the effect of such a term on radiation propagating over cosmological distances. We find that the dominant effect of this term is to produce circular polarization as radiation propagates through space. We use the circular polarization data from distant radio sources in order to impose a limit on this term.

Sequence of slow slip events and low frequency earthquakes in the shallow part of the Nankai Trough seismogenic zone observed by seafloor observation network.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Araki, E.; Saffer, D. M.; Kopf, A.; To, A.; Ide, S.; Nakano, M.; Kimura, T.; Machida, Y.

2016-12-01

Seismic behavior of the thrust zone in trench side of the seismically coupled plate interface in the Nankai Trough is poorly understood because shore based seismic and geodetic observation does not have enough sensitivity to detect slow activity in the area. In these years, we constructed dense seafloor observation network in combination with pore-fluid pressure, strain, and seismic sensing in IODP deep boreholes (C0002G and C0010A) and 20+ seafloor broadband seismometers cabled to the observation network called DONET for long-term continuous observation in the To-Nankai area of the Nankai Trough, south of Japan. Analysis of the seismic records from DONET seafloor seismometer and pore-fluid pressure records from the boreholes in the period from Jan. 2011 to Apr. 2016 revealed the activities of the slow slip events (SSE), low frequency tremor (LFT), and very low frequency earthquakes (VLFE) in the observation network, detecting seven sequence of pore-fluid pressure transients in these boreholes representing SSEs and many LFT and VLFEs from seismic records. Some of the SSE sequence accompanies active LFT swarms in the regions offshore of the locked seismogenic zone. Some of the pressure transient initiate precedent to the LFT swarms, as well as some does not accompany obvious LFT activity, as if the SSE occurs "silently", suggesting LFT does not express SSE but LFT seems activated by the SSE. This is also supported by change of SSE pressure transient rate in accordance with LFT activity, observed in sequences in Mar. 2011, Oct. 2015, and April 2016. In the Oct. 2015 sequence, observed pressure transient in two boreholes indicates the slip propagates updip in the shallow subduction zone. In many sequences including this sequence, we ientify that the LFT swarm tends to migrate updip direction. The pressure transient in Apr. 2016 also followed this tendency, initiating from co-seismic compression by Apr. 1 earthquake occurred downdip side of the boreholes, followed by further compression due to the after slip, and slow release of the pressure suggesting SSE along with very active LFT and VLFE activities migrating offshore direction in the following two weeks period. The SSE seemed further activated by teleseismic events Kumamoto earthquake in Apr. 17.

Using Deep Slow Slip in New Zealand to Constrain Slip Partitioning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bartlow, N. M.; Wallace, L. M.

2016-12-01

Underneath New Zealand's North Island, the Pacific plate subducts obliquely beneath the Australian plate. Just to the south, subduction ceases and the plate boundary transitions to the mainly strike-slip, steeply dipping Alpine fault that runs along the South Island. In the region of the southern North Island, the relative plate motion has significant components of both convergence and along strike motion, and slip is partitioned between the main Hikurangi subduction interface and a series of shallower strike-slip faults running thurough the North Island (Wallace and Beavan, GRL, 2010). This region also hosts deep ( 50 km), long duration ( 1 year) slow slip events (SSEs). From early 2013 to early 2016, continuous GPS stations maintained by GeoNet in this region recorded two such deep SSEs on the Hikurangi megathrust. The first SSE occurred on the Kapiti patch, just southwest of the North Island coast. SSEs previous occurred here in 2003 and 2008 (Wallace and Beavan, JGR, 2010). The 2014 Kapiti SSE is unique because it was rapidly decelerated following increased normal stress (clamping) caused by a nearby M 6.3 earthquake (Wallace et al., GRL, 2014). However, GPS data indicates that slip did not stop entirely, and soon after the Manawatu slow slip patch just to the northeast ruptured in another SSE. This patch previously had large SSEs in 2004/2005 and 2010/2011. Given the previous repeat interval of 5.5 years, the 2014/2015 Manawatu SSE is early; however, the record is very short. Here we show Network Inversion Filter derived models of slow slip for the various phases of the Kapiti and Manawatu SSEs, which indicate a possible continuous migration of slip from the Kapiti SSE patch to the Manawatu SSE patch, and we quantify the shear stress increase on the Manawatu patch after the Kapiti SSE. Additionally, we explore allowing the Network Inversion Filter to vary the direction of slip on the plate interface to better fit the data. We estimate how much of the strike-slip and dip-slip components of the relative plate motion are being accommodated by the main thrust interface, and infer how much slip is being accommodated by the strike-slip faults and forearc rotation. We compare our results to those from prior block models of inter-SSE data (Wallace et al., G3, 2009) and explore the implications for seismic hazard assessment in this region.

Possible daily and seasonal variations in quantum interference induced by Chern-Simons gravity.

PubMed

Okawara, Hiroki; Yamada, Kei; Asada, Hideki

2012-12-07

Possible effects of Chern-Simons (CS) gravity on a quantum interferometer turn out to be dependent on the latitude and direction of the interferometer on Earth in orbital motion around the Sun. Daily and seasonal variations in phase shifts are predicted with an estimate of the size of the effects, wherefore neutron interferometry with ~5 m arm length and ~10(-4) phase measurement accuracy would place a bound on a CS parameter comparable to the Gravity Probe B satellite.

An Application of Interactive Computer Graphics to the Study of Inferential Statistics and the General Linear Model

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-01

matrix, the Regression Sum of Squares (SSR) and Error Sum of Squares (SSE) are also displayed as a percentage of the Total Sum of Squares ( SSTO ...vector when the student compares the SSR to the SSE. In addition to the plot, the actual values of SSR, SSE, and SSTO are also provided. Figure 3 gives the...Es ainSpace = E 3 Error- Eor Space =n t! L . Pro~cio q Yonto Pro~rct on of Y onto the simaton, pac ror Space SSR SSEL0.20 IV = 14,1 +IErrorI 2 SSTO

Inverting the joint Simon effect by intention.

PubMed

Kiernan, Dovin; Ray, Matthew; Welsh, Timothy N

2012-10-01

The joint Simon effect (JSE) is a spatial-compatibility effect that emerges when two people complete complementary components of a Simon task. In typical JSE studies, two participants sit beside each other and perform go-no-go tasks in which they respond to one of two stimuli by pressing a button. According to the action co-representation account, JSEs emerge because each participant represents their partner's response in addition to their own, causing the same conflicts in processing that would occur if an individual responded to both stimuli (i.e., as in a two-choice task). Because the response buttons are typically in front of participants, however, an alternative explanation is that JSEs are the result of a dimensional overlap between target and response locations coded with respect to another salient object (e.g., the co-actor's effector). To contrast these hypotheses, the participants in the present study completed two-choice and joint Simon tasks in which they were asked to focus on generating an aftereffect in the space contralateral to their response. Hommel (Psychological Research 55:270-279, 1993) previously reported that, when participants completed a two-choice task under such effect-focused instructions, spatial-compatibility effects emerged that were based on the aftereffect location instead of the response location. Consistent with the co-representation account, the results of the present study were that an inverse aftereffect-based (i.e., not a response-location-based) compatibility effect was observed in both the two-choice and joint tasks. The overall pattern of results does not fit with the spatial-coding account and is discussed in the context of the extant JSE literature.

Active Treatment for Idiopathic Adolescent Scoliosis (ACTIvATeS): a feasibility study.

PubMed

Williams, Mark A; Heine, Peter J; Williamson, Esther M; Toye, Francine; Dritsaki, Melina; Petrou, Stavros; Crossman, Richard; Lall, Ranjit; Barker, Karen L; Fairbank, Jeremy; Harding, Ian; Gardner, Adrian; Slowther, Anne-Marie; Coulson, Neil; Lamb, Sarah E

2015-07-01

The feasibility of conducting a definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluating the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of scoliosis-specific exercises (SSEs) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of conducting a large, multicentre trial of SSE treatment for patients with AIS, in comparison with standard care, and to refine elements of the study design. The objectives were to (1) update a systematic review of controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of SSE in AIS; (2) survey UK orthopaedic surgeons and physiotherapists to determine current practice, patient populations and equipoise; (3) randomise 50 adolescents to a feasibility trial of either usual care or SSE interventions across a range of sites; (4) develop, document and assess acceptability and adherence of interventions; (5) assess and describe training requirements of physiotherapists; and (6) gain user input in all relevant stages of treatment and protocol design. Multicomponent feasibility study including UK clinician survey, systematic literature review and a randomised feasibility trial. The randomised feasibility study involved four secondary care NHS trusts providing specialist care for patients with AIS. The randomised feasibility study recruited people aged 10-16 years with mild AIS (Cobb angle of < 50°). The randomised study allocated participants to standard practice of advice and education or a physiotherapy SSE programme supported by a home exercise plan. Our choice of intervention was informed by a systematic review of exercise interventions for AIS. The main outcome was feasibility of recruitment to the randomised study. Other elements were to inform choice of outcomes for a definitive trial and included curve severity, quality of life, requirement for surgery/brace, adverse events, psychological symptoms, costs and health utilities. A UK survey of orthopaedic consultants and physiotherapists indicated a wide variation in current provision of exercise therapy through physiotherapy services. It also found that clinicians from at least 15 centres would be willing to have their patients involved in a full study. A systematic review update found five new studies that were generally of low quality but showed some promise of effectiveness of SSE. The randomised study recruited 58 patients from four NHS trusts over 11 months and exceeded the pre-specified target recruitment rate of 1.4 participants per centre per month, with acceptable 6-month follow-up (currently 73%). Adherence to treatment was variable (56% of participants completed treatment offered). The qualitative study found the exercise programme to be highly acceptable. We learnt important lessons from patient and public involvement during the study in terms of study and intervention presentation, as well as practical elements such as scheduling of intervention sessions. A definitive RCT evaluating clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of SSE for idiopathic scoliosis is warranted and feasible. Such a RCT is a priority for future work in the area. There is a sufficiently large patient base, combined with willingness to be randomised within specialist UK centres. Interventions developed during the feasibility study were acceptable to patients, families and physiotherapists and can be given within the affordability envelope of current levels of physiotherapy commissioning. Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN90480705. This project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 19, No. 55. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

Children's Hospitals' Solutions for Patient Safety Collaborative Impact on Hospital-Acquired Harm.

PubMed

Lyren, Anne; Brilli, Richard J; Zieker, Karen; Marino, Miguel; Muething, Stephen; Sharek, Paul J

2017-09-01

To determine if an improvement collaborative of 33 children's hospitals focused on reliable best practice implementation and culture of safety improvements can reduce hospital-acquired conditions (HACs) and serious safety events (SSEs). A 3-year prospective cohort study design with a 12-month historical control population was completed by the Children's Hospitals' Solutions for Patient Safety collaborative. Identification and dissemination of best practices related to 9 HACs and SSE reduction focused on key process and culture of safety improvements. Individual hospital improvement teams leveraged the resources of a large, structured children's hospital collaborative using electronic, virtual, and in-person interactions. Thirty-three children's hospitals from across the United States volunteered to be part of the Children's Hospitals' Solutions for Patient Safety collaborative. Thirty-two met all the data submission eligibility requirements for the HAC improvement objective of this study, and 21 participated in the high-reliability culture work aimed at reducing SSEs. Significant harm reduction occurred in 8 of 9 common HACs (range 9%-71%; P < .005 for all). The mean monthly SSE rate decreased 32% (from 0.77 to 0.52; P < .001). The 12-month rolling average SSE rate decreased 50% (from 0.82 to 0.41; P < .001). Participation in a structured collaborative dedicated to implementing HAC-related best-practice prevention bundles and culture of safety interventions designed to increase the use of high-reliability organization practices resulted in significant HAC and SSE reductions. Structured collaboration and rapid sharing of evidence-based practices and tools are effective approaches to decreasing hospital-acquired harm. Copyright © 2017 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

Replacement of SSE with NASA's POWER Announcement

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2018-06-11

... this letter because you registered to download data from the NASA’s S urface meteorology and S olar E nergy (SSE) Data Archive ... with the new data web portal at https://power.larc.nasa.gov with improved solar and meteorology data and greatly enhanced ...

Shallow very-low-frequency earthquakes accompanied with slow slip event along the plate boundary of the Nankai trough

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakano, M.; Hori, T.; Araki, E.; Kodaira, S.; Ide, S.

2017-12-01

Recent improvements of seismic and geodetic observations have revealed the existence of a new family of slow earthquakes occurring along or close to the plate boundary worldwide. In the viewpoint of the characteristic time scales, the slow earthquakes can be classified into several groups as low-frequency tremor or tectonic tremor (LFT) dominated in several hertz, very-low-frequency earthquake (VLFE) dominated in 10 to 100 s, and short- and long-term slow-slip event (SSE) with durations of days to years. In many cases, these slow earthquakes are accompanied with other types of slow events. However, the events occurring offshore, especially beneath the toe of accretionary prism, are poorly understood because of the difficulty to detect signals. Utilizing the data captured from oceanfloor observation networks which many efforts have recently been taken to develop is necessary to improve our understandings for these events. Here, we investigated CMT analysis of shallow VLFEs using data obtained from DONET oceanfloor observation networks along the Nankai trough, southwest of Japan. We found that shallow VLFEs have almost identical history of moment release with that of synchronous SSE which occurred at the same region recently found by Araki et al. (2017). VLFE sources show updip migrations during the activity, coincident with the migration of SSE source. From these findings we conclude that these slow events share the same fault slip, and VLFE represent high-frequency fluctuations of slip during SSE. This result imply that shallow SSE along the plate interface would have occurred in the background during the shallow VLFE activities repeatedly observed along the Nankai trough, but the SSE was not reported because of difficult detections.

33 CFR 110.72b - St. Simons Island, Georgia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false St. Simons Island, Georgia. 110... ANCHORAGES ANCHORAGE REGULATIONS Special Anchorage Areas § 110.72b St. Simons Island, Georgia. The area beginning at a point southwest of Frederica River Bridge, St. Simons Island Causeway at latitude 31°09′58″ N...

33 CFR 80.720 - St. Simons Island, GA to Amelia Island, FL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false St. Simons Island, GA to Amelia... SECURITY INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION RULES COLREGS DEMARCATION LINES Seventh District § 80.720 St. Simons Island, GA to Amelia Island, FL. (a) A line drawn from St. Simons Light to the northernmost tank on...

Congruency sequence effect in cross-task context: evidence for dimension-specific modulation.

PubMed

Lee, Jaeyong; Cho, Yang Seok

2013-11-01

The congruency sequence effect refers to a reduced congruency effect after incongruent trials relative to congruent trials. This modulation is thought to be, at least in part, due to the control mechanisms resolving conflict. The present study examined the nature of the control mechanisms by having participants perform two different tasks in an alternating way. When participants performed horizontal and vertical Simon tasks in Experiment 1A, and horizontal and vertical spatial Stroop task in Experiment 1B, no congruency sequence effect was obtained between the task congruencies. When the Simon task and spatial Stroop task were performed with different response sets in Experiment 2, no congruency sequence effect was obtained. However, in Experiment 3, in which the participants performed the horizontal Simon and spatial Stroop tasks with an identical response set, a significant congruency sequence effect was obtained between the task congruencies. In Experiment 4, no congruency sequence effect was obtained when participants performed two tasks having different task-irrelevant dimensions with the identical response set. The findings suggest inhibitory processing between the task-irrelevant dimension and response mode after conflict. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Shallow repeating slow-slip-events along the convergent block boundary in northern Hokkaido, Japan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ikeda, S.; Heki, K.; Kimura, T.

2015-12-01

The Japanese Islands are divided into several crustal blocks [e.g. Loveless and Meade, 2010 JGR]. In the Northern Hokkaido, the boundary between the Amurian and the North American Plates run north-south between 44.0N and 45.4N. The east-west block convergence is considered to be as fast as ~1 cm/year there, but few large earthquakes are known to have occurred along this boundary. Recently, a slow slip event (SSE) is reported to have occurred in a segment at ~45.0N over a 4 months period from 2012 summer to the early 2013 [Ohzono et al., 2014 GJI]. The maximum surface movements was about 15 mm, and the moment magnitude of the SSE would not exceed 6.0 (fault slip is estimated as 10 cm). This suggests that plate convergence takes place as episodic SSEs in this block boundary. In this research, we looked for signatures of repeating SSEs along this block boundary using continuous GNSS data of the dense array GEONET in Japan. In order to detect faint signatures of SSEs in the coordinate time series, we adopted the method using AIC (Akaike's Information Criterion) similar to Nishimura et al. [2013 JGR] and Nishimura [2014 PEPS]. As a result, we were able to find numbers of SSE signals in various segments along the boundary. The detected SSEs are all fairly small, and surface movements did not exceed a few millimeters (except the 2012-2013 SSE reported in Ohzono et al. [2014]). We also searched earthquakes that may have triggered these SSEs. Although the 2012 SSE seems to have been triggered by a deep earthquake beneath Sakhalin on Aug. 14, 2012, no clear triggering earthquakes were identified for other SSEs. SSEs in subduction zones are known to recur fairly regularly, e.g. biannually repeating SSE in the SW part of the Ryukyu Arc [Heki and Kataoka, 2008 JGR]. However, shallow SSEs along the block boundary in the northern Hokkaido did not show such regular occurrences. We plan to confirm these SSE occurrences by comparing GNSS data with the Hi-Net tiltmeter records.

Reservoir uncertainty, Precambrian topography, and carbon sequestration in the Mt. Simon Sandstone, Illinois Basin

USGS Publications Warehouse

Leetaru, H.E.; McBride, J.H.

2009-01-01

Sequestration sites are evaluated by studying the local geological structure and confirming the presence of both a reservoir facies and an impermeable seal not breached by significant faulting. The Cambrian Mt. Simon Sandstone is a blanket sandstone that underlies large parts of Midwest United States and is this region's most significant carbon sequestration reservoir. An assessment of the geological structure of any Mt. Simon sequestration site must also include knowledge of the paleotopography prior to deposition. Understanding Precambrian paleotopography is critical in estimating reservoir thickness and quality. Regional outcrop and borehole mapping of the Mt. Simon in conjunction with mapping seismic reflection data can facilitate the prediction of basement highs. Any potential site must, at the minimum, have seismic reflection data, calibrated with drill-hole information, to evaluate the presence of Precambrian topography and alleviate some of the uncertainty surrounding the thickness or possible absence of the Mt. Simon at a particular sequestration site. The Mt. Simon is thought to commonly overlie Precambrian basement granitic or rhyolitic rocks. In places, at least about 549 m (1800 ft) of topographic relief on the top of the basement surface prior to Mt. Simon deposition was observed. The Mt. Simon reservoir sandstone is thin or not present where basement is topographically high, whereas the low areas can have thick Mt. Simon. The paleotopography on the basement and its correlation to Mt. Simon thickness have been observed at both outcrops and in the subsurface from the states of Illinois, Ohio, Wisconsin, and Missouri. ?? 2009. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists/Division of Environmental Geosciences. All rights reserved.

Politics and the People: Brian Simon and the Campaign against Intelligence Tests in British Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thom, Deborah

2004-01-01

The campaign against testing is a good place to reflect on the legacy of Brian Simon and to ask how far his politics and his professional life came together in what he himself called 'Education as a site of struggle'. History of education can be a critical discourse enabling reflection on the effects of policy and practice and the history of…

Effect of Beach Nourishment and Borrowing on Marine Organisms.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-12-01

turbellarians (flat- wormsN, nematode (roundworms), gastrotrichs, and harpacticoid copepods (crustacean6). The vertical distribution of many of these organisms in...were washed inshore increasing species diversity along the beach. Simon and Dauer (1977) studied faunal damage caused by red tide at Tampa Bay, Florida...and Ecology, Vol. 46, 1980, pp. 59-71. 56. SIMON, J.L., and DAUER , D.M., "Reestablishment of a Benthic Community Following Natural Defaunation

Remarks on Chern-Simons Invariants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cattaneo, Alberto S.; Mnëv, Pavel

2010-02-01

The perturbative Chern-Simons theory is studied in a finite-dimensional version or assuming that the propagator satisfies certain properties (as is the case, e.g., with the propagator defined by Axelrod and Singer). It turns out that the effective BV action is a function on cohomology (with shifted degrees) that solves the quantum master equation and is defined modulo certain canonical transformations that can be characterized completely. Out of it one obtains invariants.

Skin self-examination education for early detection of melanoma: a randomized controlled trial of Internet, workbook, and in-person interventions.

PubMed

Robinson, June K; Gaber, Rikki; Hultgren, Brittney; Eilers, Steven; Blatt, Hanz; Stapleton, Jerod; Mallett, Kimberly; Turrisi, Rob; Duffecy, Jenna; Begale, Mark; Martini, Mary; Bilimoria, Karl; Wayne, Jeffrey

2014-01-13

Early detection of melanoma improves survival. Since many melanoma patients and their spouses seek the care of a physician after discovering their melanoma, an ongoing study will determine the efficacy of teaching at-risk melanoma patients and their skin check partner how to conduct skin self-examinations (SSEs). Internet-based health behavior interventions have proven efficacious in creating behavior change in patients to better prevent, detect, or cope with their health issues. The efficacy of electronic interactive SSE educational intervention provided on a tablet device has not previously been determined. The electronic interactive educational intervention was created to develop a scalable, effective intervention to enhance performance and accuracy of SSE among those at-risk to develop melanoma. The intervention in the office was conducted using one of the following three methods: (1) in-person through a facilitator, (2) with a paper workbook, or (3) with a tablet device used in the clinical office. Differences related to method of delivery were elucidated by having the melanoma patient and their skin check partner provide a self-report of their confidence in performing SSE and take a knowledge-based test immediately after receiving the intervention. The three interventions used 9 of the 26 behavioral change techniques defined by Abraham and Michie to promote planning of monthly SSE, encourage performing SSE, and reinforce self-efficacy by praising correct responses to knowledge-based decision making and offering helpful suggestions to improve performance. In creating the electronic interactive SSE educational intervention, the educational content was taken directly from both the scripted in-person presentation delivered with Microsoft PowerPoint by a trained facilitator and the paper workbook training arms of the study. Enrollment totaled 500 pairs (melanoma patient and their SSE partner) with randomization of 165 pairs to the in-person, 165 pairs to the workbook, and 70 pairs to electronic interactive SSE educational intervention. The demographic survey data showed no significant mean differences between groups in age, education, or income. The tablet usability survey given to the first 30 tablet pairs found that, overall, participants found the electronic interactive intervention easy to use and that the video of the doctor-patient-partner dialogue accompanying the dermatologist's examination was particularly helpful in understanding what they were asked to do for the study. The interactive group proved to be just as good as the workbook group in self-confidence of scoring moles, and just as good as both the workbook and the in-person intervention groups in self-confidence of monitoring their moles. While the in-person intervention performed significantly better on a skill-based quiz, the electronic interactive group performed significantly better than the workbook group. The electronic interactive and in-person interventions were more efficient (30 minutes), while the workbook took longer (45 minutes). This study suggests that an electronic interactive intervention can deliver skills training comparable to other training methods, and the experience can be accommodated during the customary outpatient office visit with the physician. Further testing of the electronic interactive intervention's role in the anxiety of the pair and pair-discovered melanomas upon self-screening will elucidate the impact of these tools on outcomes in at-risk patient populations. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01013844; http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01013844 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6LvGGSTKK).

Feasibility study design and methods for a home-based, square-stepping exercise program among older adults with multiple sclerosis: The SSE-MS project.

PubMed

Sebastião, Emerson; McAuley, Edward; Shigematsu, Ryosuke; Motl, Robert W

2017-09-01

We propose a randomized controlled trial (RCT) examining the feasibility of square-stepping exercise (SSE) delivered as a home-based program for older adults with multiple sclerosis (MS). We will assess feasibility in the four domains of process, resources, management and scientific outcomes. The trial will recruit older adults (aged 60 years and older) with mild-to-moderate MS-related disability who will be randomized into intervention or attention control conditions. Participants will complete assessments before and after completion of the conditions delivered over a 12-week period. Participants in the intervention group will have biweekly meetings with an exercise trainer in the Exercise Neuroscience Research Laboratory and receive verbal and visual instruction on step patterns for the SSE program. Participants will receive a mat for home-based practice of the step patterns, an instruction manual, and a logbook and pedometer for monitoring compliance. Compliance will be further monitored through weekly scheduled Skype calls. This feasibility study will inform future phase II and III RCTs that determine the actual efficacy and effectiveness of a home-based exercise program for older adults with MS.

The Pearling Transition Provides Evidence of Force-Driven Endosomal Tubulation during Salmonella Infection.

PubMed

Gao, Yunfeng; Spahn, Christoph; Heilemann, Mike; Kenney, Linda J

2018-06-19

Bacterial pathogens exploit eukaryotic pathways for their own end. Upon ingestion, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium passes through the stomach and then catalyzes its uptake across the intestinal epithelium. It survives and replicates in an acidic vacuole through the action of virulence factors secreted by a type three secretion system located on Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2). Two secreted effectors, SifA and SseJ, are sufficient for endosomal tubule formation, which modifies the vacuole and enables Salmonella to replicate within it. Two-color, superresolution imaging of the secreted virulence factor SseJ and tubulin revealed that SseJ formed clusters of conserved size at regular, periodic intervals in the host cytoplasm. Analysis of SseJ clustering indicated the presence of a pearling effect, which is a force-driven, osmotically sensitive process. The pearling transition is an instability driven by membranes under tension; it is induced by hypotonic or hypertonic buffer exchange and leads to the formation of beadlike structures of similar size and regular spacing. Reducing the osmolality of the fixation conditions using glutaraldehyde enabled visualization of continuous and intact tubules. Correlation analysis revealed that SseJ was colocalized with the motor protein kinesin. Tubulation of the endoplasmic reticulum is driven by microtubule motors, and in the present work, we describe how Salmonella has coopted the microtubule motor kinesin to drive the force-dependent process of endosomal tubulation. Thus, endosomal tubule formation is a force-driven process catalyzed by Salmonella virulence factors secreted into the host cytoplasm during infection. IMPORTANCE This study represents the first example of using two-color, superresolution imaging to analyze the secretion of Salmonella virulence factors as they are secreted from the SPI-2 type three secretion system. Previous studies imaged effectors that were overexpressed in the host cytoplasm. The present work reveals an unusual force-driven process, the pearling transition, which indicates that Salmonella -induced filaments are under force through the interactions of effector molecules with the motor protein kinesin. This work provides a caution by highlighting how fixation conditions can influence the images observed.

Fourteen new generic and ten new specific synonymies in Pholcidae (Araneae), and transfer of Mystes Bristowe to Filistatidae.

PubMed

Huber, Bernhard A; Colmenares, Pío A; Ramirez, Martin J

2014-08-08

Between 1998 and 2011, the Venezuelan arachnologist Manuel Ángel González-Sponga (GS) published a series of taxonomic papers devoted to the Pholcidae of Venezuela. Of his 22 new genera, 20 were monotypic when described, suggesting a high percentage of synonyms. We studied his descriptions and as far as accessible his type specimens and propose the following new generic synonymies: Autana GS, 2011 = Mesabolivar GS, 1998; Ayomania GS, 2005 and Venezuela Koçak & Kemal, 2008 (new replacement names for Falconia GS, 2003) = Mecolaesthus Simon, 1893; Carbonaria GS, 2009 = Mecolaesthus Simon, 1893; Caruaya GS, 2011 = Mesabolivar GS, 1998; Coroia GS, 2005 = Artema Walckenaer, 1837; Maimire GS, 2009 = Mecolaesthus Simon, 1893; Moraia GS, 2011 = Mecolaesthus Simon, 1893; Nasuta GS, 2009 = Mecolaesthus Simon, 1893; Portena GS, 2011 = Metagonia Simon, 1893; Rioparaguanus GS, 2005 = Mesabolivar GS, 1998; Tonoro GS, 2009 = Litoporus Simon, 1893; Sanluisi GS, 2003 = Mecolaesthus Simon, 1893. Three of the type species are also specific synonyms: Autana autanensis GS, 2011 = Mesabolivar aurantiacus (Mello-Leitão, 1930); Coroia magna GS, 2005 = Artema atlanta Walckenaer, 1837; Tonoro multispinae GS, 2009 = Litoporus uncatus (Simon, 1893). Six species that González-Sponga described under Blechroscelis (a genus previously synonymized with Priscula Simon, 1893) are all synonyms of Mesabolivar eberhardi Huber, 2000 (B. acuoso GS, 2011; B. araguanus GS, 2011; B. blechroscelis GS, 2011; B. copeyensis GS, 2011; B. cordillerano GS, 2011; B. andinensis GS, 2011). In addition, and unrelated to González-Sponga's work, we synonymize the Central Asian monotypic genus Ceratopholcus Spassky, 1934 with Crossopriza Simon, 1893; we synonymize the Chinese species Pholcus acerosus Peng & Zhang, 2011 with Pholcus fragillimus Strand, 1907 and remove the Malaysian monotypic genus Mystes Bristowe, 1938, previously thought to be the only East Asian representative of the subfamily Ninetinae, to the family Filistatidae. 

Observational learning without a model is influenced by the observer's possibility to act: evidence from the Simon task.

PubMed

Iani, Cristina; Rubichi, Sandro; Ferraro, Luca; Nicoletti, Roberto; Gallese, Vittorio

2013-07-01

We assessed whether observational learning in perceptual-motor tasks is affected by the visibility of an action producing perceived environmental effects and by the observer's possibility to act during observation. To this end, we conducted three experiments in which participants were required to observe a spatial compatibility task in which only the effects of computer-generated responses were visible before executing a Simon task. In Experiment 1, we compared the effects of a passively observed practice with either a spatially compatible or incompatible stimulus-response (S-R) association. In Experiment 2, during the observed spatially incompatible practice participants were prevented from potentially acting, either because a plexiglas barrier separated the participant from the response device rendering it out of reach; or because the participant's hands were tied; or the device affording a response was absent. In Experiment 3, the plexiglas presented an opening that could allow the participant to potentially reach and interact with it. As when the practice is physically performed, we found an elimination of the Simon effect following a spatially incompatible observed practice, suggesting that participants learned an incompatible S-R association by observing and transferred this knowledge to the subsequent Simon task. No evidence of transfer of learning was found when, during passive observation, the participant's hands were tied, or a barrier prevented him/her from potentially interacting with the device, or no response device was present. Differently, a transfer-of-learning effect was observed when the barrier presented an opening. These results suggest that learning can derive from the mere observation of action effects, even when an action is not visible, as long as the observer has the potential to act. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Magnon rainbows filtered through phonon clouds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boona, Stephen R.

2016-06-01

The study of heat flow in magnetic insulators is a topic of significant interest in spin caloritronics, especially for understanding the nuanced origins of the spin Seebeck effect (SSE). Recent work by Diniz and Costa (2016 New J. Phys. 18 052002) provides insight into this subject by presenting a microscopic model for the spectral dependence of magnon-phonon interactions in magnetic insulators, which has been a challenging puzzle for decades. Their new paper shows that phonon-mediated magnon-magnon interactions affect the lifetime of magnons differently depending on the magnon wavelength. As a result, low energy magnons transport spin more efficiently, and are more sensitive to applied magnetic fields. These results help explain some unexpected behavior in the SSE recently reported in several experiments.

Isotopic and geochemical characterization of fossil brines of the Cambrian Mt. Simon Sandstone and Ironton-Galesville Formation from the Illinois Basin, USA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Labotka, Dana M.; Panno, Samuel V.; Locke, Randall A.; Freiburg, Jared T.

2015-09-01

Geochemical and isotopic characteristics of deep-seated saline groundwater provide valuable insight into the origin and evolving composition, water-rock interaction, and mixing potential of fossil brines. Such information may yield insight into intra- and interbasinal brine movement and relationships between brine evolution and regional groundwater flow systems. This investigation reports on the δ18O and δD composition and activity values, 87Sr/86Sr ratios and Sr concentrations, and major ion concentrations of the Cambrian-hosted brines of the Mt. Simon Sandstone and Ironton-Galesville Formation and discusses the evolution of these brines as they relate to other intracontinental brines. Brines in the Illinois Basin are dominated by Na-Ca-Cl-type chemistry. The Mt. Simon and overlying Ironton-Galesville brines exhibit total dissolved solids concentrations of ∼195,000 mg/L and ∼66,270 mg/L, respectively. The δD of brine composition of the Mt. Simon ranges from -34‰ to -22‰ (V-SMOW), and the Ironton-Galesville is ∼-53.2‰ (V-SMOW). The δ18O composition of the Mt. Simon brine ranges from -5.0‰ to -2.8‰ (V-SMOW), and the Ironton-Galesville brine is ∼-6.9‰ (V-SMOW). The 87Sr/86Sr values in the Mt. Simon brine range from 0.7110 to 0.7116. The less radiogenic Ironton-Galesville brine has an average 87Sr/86Sr value of 0.7107. Evaluation of δ18O and δD composition and activities and 87Sr/86Sr ratios suggests that the Mt. Simon brine is likely connate seawater and recirculating deep-seated brines that have been diluted with meteoric water and influenced by the dissolution of evaporites with a minimal halite contribution based on Cl/Br ratios. The Ironton-Galesville brine is also likely originally connate seawater that mixed with other brines and meteoric waters, including possibly Pleistocene glacial recharge. The Ca-excess vs. Na-deficiency comparison with the Basinal Fluid Line suggests the Mt. Simon and Ironton-Galesville brines have been influenced by the effects of albitization and plot very close to the Basinal Fluid Line. These Cambrian-hosted brines appear to have a different albitization history than other regional basin brines and a strong component of seawater. The Ironton-Galesville brine appears more geochemically associated with other Illinois Basin brines than the Mt. Simon brine which appears more geochemically conservative. Comparisons with other extrabasinal North American brines suggest that the Michigan basin brines are geochemically most similar to the Mt. Simon brines with the exception of the influence from carbonates in the Michigan Basin. Analyses of 87Sr/86Sr values in the Mt. Simon brine suggest that brine Sr has isotopically equilibrated with clay minerals in the Lower Mt. Simon and underlying bedrock formations and not with whole rock suggesting the influence of recirculating brines from the crystalline basement. Overall, the geochemistry of these Cambrian-hosted brines suggests an evolution from original seawater-like compositions. This investigation shows that intracratonic basins do not behave as closed systems but can be strongly affected by water-rock interaction and regional groundwater flow systems that circulate deep crystalline basement brines and brines from nearby basins.

Effects of laterality and pitch height of an auditory accessory stimulus on horizontal response selection: the Simon effect and the SMARC effect.

PubMed

Nishimura, Akio; Yokosawa, Kazuhiko

2009-08-01

In the present article, we investigated the effects of pitch height and the presented ear (laterality) of an auditory stimulus, irrelevant to the ongoing visual task, on horizontal response selection. Performance was better when the response and the stimulated ear spatially corresponded (Simon effect), and when the spatial-musical association of response codes (SMARC) correspondence was maintained-that is, right (left) response with a high-pitched (low-pitched) tone. These findings reveal an automatic activation of spatially and musically associated responses by task-irrelevant auditory accessory stimuli. Pitch height is strong enough to influence the horizontal responses despite modality differences with task target.

Holographic Chern-Simons defects

DOE PAGES

Fujita, Mitsutoshi; Melby-Thompson, Charles M.; Meyer, René; ...

2016-06-28

Here, we study SU(N ) Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons theory in the presence of defects that shift the Chern-Simons level from a holographic point of view by embedding the system in string theory. The model is a D3-D7 system in Type IIB string theory, whose gravity dual is given by the AdS soliton background with probe D7 branes attaching to the AdS boundary along the defects. We holographically renormalize the free energy of the defect system with sources, from which we obtain the correlation functions for certain operators naturally associated to these defects. We find interesting phase transitions when the separation of themore » defects as well as the temperature are varied. We also discuss some implications for the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect and for 2-dimensional QCD.« less

Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) Data Release 5.1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stackhouse, Paul W. (Principal Investigator)

The Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) data set contains over 200 parameters formulated for assessing and designing renewable energy systems.The SSE data set is formulated from NASA satellite- and reanalysis-derived insolation and meteorological data for the 10-year period July 1983 through June 1993. Results are provided for 1 degree latitude by 1 degree longitude grid cells over the globe. Average daily and monthly measurements for 1195 World Radiation Data Centre ground sites are also available. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1983-07-01; Stop_Date=1993-06-30] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=1 degree; Longitude_Resolution=1 degree].

Self-actuated shutdown-system development: system response-analysis status

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Deane, N.A.; Gregoire, K.E.; Tatsumi, J.T.

1980-09-01

This report provides a preliminary evaluation of the SASS response time requirements for the safe shutdown earthquake (SSE), the flow coastdown (FCD), and two transient overpower (TOP) events. The driving functions for the SSE are a 20 cent step reactivity insertion with a +- 60 cent oscillation super imposed for 10 seconds combined with a flow coastdown defined by F/F/sub (0)/ = 1/(1+.2788t). The driving function of the FCD is just the relative flow curve defined above for the SSE. The TOP event driving function represents a control rod runout to a total of 60 cents at ramp rates ofmore » .76 cents/s and 6.1 cents/s. 3 figures.« less

Sex differences in the Simon task help to interpret sex differences in selective attention.

PubMed

Stoet, Gijsbert

2017-05-01

In the last decade, a number of studies have reported sex differences in selective attention, but a unified explanation for these effects is still missing. This study aims to better understand these differences and put them in an evolutionary psychological context. 418 adult participants performed a computer-based Simon task, in which they responded to the direction of a left or right pointing arrow appearing left or right from a fixation point. Women were more strongly influenced by task-irrelevant spatial information than men (i.e., the Simon effect was larger in women, Cohen's d = 0.39). Further, the analysis of sex differences in behavioral adjustment to errors revealed that women slow down more than men following mistakes (d = 0.53). Based on the combined results of previous studies and the current data, it is proposed that sex differences in selective attention are caused by underlying sex differences in core abilities, such as spatial or verbal cognition.

ERC Highlights

Science.gov Websites

Manufacturing (ERC) in memory of Simon Karecki who was a student in the ERC and a SRC Fellow. Friends and collegues of Simon have come together to create the Simon Karecki Fellowship Fund in his memory to recognize

46 CFR 7.85 - St. Simons Island, GA to Little Talbot Island, FL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false St. Simons Island, GA to Little Talbot Island, FL. 7.85... BOUNDARY LINES Atlantic Coast § 7.85 St. Simons Island, GA to Little Talbot Island, FL. (a) A line drawn from latitude 31°04.1′ N. longitude 81°16.7′ W. (St. Simons Lighted Whistle Buoy “ST S”) to latitude 30...

Support for life-cycle product reuse in NASA's SSE

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shotton, Charles

1989-01-01

The Software Support Environment (SSE) is a software factory for the production of Space Station Freedom Program operational software. The SSE is to be centrally developed and maintained and used to configure software production facilities in the field. The PRC product TTCQF provides for an automated qualification process and analysis of existing code that can be used for software reuse. The interrogation subsystem permits user queries of the reusable data and components which have been identified by an analyzer and qualified with associated metrics. The concept includes reuse of non-code life-cycle components such as requirements and designs. Possible types of reusable life-cycle components include templates, generics, and as-is items. Qualification of reusable elements requires analysis (separation of candidate components into primitives), qualification (evaluation of primitives for reusability according to reusability criteria) and loading (placing qualified elements into appropriate libraries). There can be different qualifications for different installations, methodologies, applications and components. Identifying reusable software and related components is labor-intensive and is best carried out as an integrated function of an SSE.

Effects of reduction in porosity and permeability with depth on storage capacity and injectivity in deep saline aquifers: A case study from the Mount Simon Sandstone aquifer

USGS Publications Warehouse

Medina, C.R.; Rupp, J.A.; Barnes, D.A.

2011-01-01

The Upper Cambrian Mount Simon Sandstone is recognized as a deep saline reservoir that has significant potential for geological sequestration in the Midwestern region of the United States. Porosity and permeability values collected from core analyses in rocks from this formation and its lateral equivalents in Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, and Ohio indicate a predictable relationship with depth owing to a reduction in the pore structure due to the effects of compaction and/or cementation, primarily as quartz overgrowths. The regional trend of decreasing porosity with depth is described by the equation: ??(d)=16.36??e-0.00039*d, where ?? is the porosity and d is the depth in m. The decrease of porosity with depth generally holds true on a basinwide scale. Bearing in mind local variations in lithologic and petrophysical character within the Mount Simon Sandstone, the source data that were used to predict porosity were utilized to estimate the pore volume available within the reservoir that could potentially serve as storage space for injected CO2. The potential storage capacity estimated for the Mount Simon Sandstone in the study area, using efficiency factors of 1%, 5%, 10%, and 15%, is 23,680, 118,418, 236,832, and 355,242 million metric tons of CO2, respectively. ?? 2010 Elsevier Ltd.

Modification of the Simons model for calculation of nonradial expansion plumes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boyd, I. D.; Stark, J. P. W.

1989-01-01

The Simons model is a simple model for calculating the expansion plumes of rockets and thrusters and is a widely used engineering tool for the determination of spacecraft impingement effects. The model assumes that the density of the plume decreases radially from the nozzle exit. Although a high degree of success has been achieved in modeling plumes with moderate Mach numbers, the accuracy obtained under certain conditions is unsatisfactory. A modification made to the model that allows effective description of nonradial behavior in plumes is presented, and the conditions under which its use is preferred are prescribed.

Measuring Adolescent Social and Academic Self-Efficacy: Cross-Ethnic Validity of the SEQ-C

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Minter, Anthony; Pritzker, Suzanne

2017-01-01

Objective: This study examines the psychometric strength, including cross-ethnic validity, of two subscales of Muris' Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children: Academic Self-Efficacy (ASE) and Social Self-Efficacy (SSE). Methods: A large ethnically diverse sample of 3,358 early and late adolescents completed surveys including the ASE and SSE.…

High Throughput Screen to Identify Novel Drugs that Inhibit Prostate Cancer Metastasis

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-10-01

mutants of the SSeCKS α promoter fused to luciferase reporter cassettes (left) were transiently expressed along with pRL-TK- renilla in either P69 or...DU145 cells, and the resulting luciferase activity was normalized to that of renilla activity. Figure 3. Semi quantitative RT-PCR of SSeCKS (either

75 FR 36455 - SSE Telecom, Inc., Strategic Alliance Group, Inc., (n/k/a CruiseCam International, Inc...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-25

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [File No. 500-1] SSE Telecom, Inc., Strategic Alliance Group, Inc., (n/k/a CruiseCam International, Inc.), Stratasec, Inc., Superfly Advertising, Inc. (f/k/a Morlex... Superfly Advertising, Inc. (f/k/a Morlex, Inc.) because it has not filed any periodic reports since the...

School Self-Evaluation Instruments and Cognitive Validity. Do Items Capture What They Intend to?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Faddar, Jerich; Vanhoof, Jan; De Maeyer, Sven

2017-01-01

School self-evaluation (SSE) often makes use of questionnaires in order to sketch a picture of the school. How respondents cognitively process questionnaire items determines the validity of SSE results. Still, one readily assumes that respondents interpret and answer items as intended by the instrument developer (referred to as cognitive…

Self-Efficacy and Comfort with Partner-Assisted Skin Examination in Patients Receiving Follow-Up Care for Melanoma

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DiMillo, J.; Brosseau, D. C.; Gomez-Garibello, C.; Hall, N. C.; Ezer, H.; Wang, B.; Körner, A.

2017-01-01

The objective of this study was to examine the role of interpersonal variables on melanoma survivors' self-efficacy for performing skin self-examinations (SSEs) during melanoma follow-up care. Specifically, the impact of comfort with partner assistance for SSE, SSE support received from one's partner, general partner support, relationship…

Magnetic anomalies northeast of Cape Adare, northern Victoria Land (Antarctica), and their relation to onshore structures

USGS Publications Warehouse

Damaske, D.; Läufer, A.L.; Goldmann, F.; Möller, H.-D.; Lisker, F.

2007-01-01

An aeromagnetic survey was flown over the offshore region northeast of Cape Adare and the magnetic anomalies compared to onshore structures between Pennell Coast and Tucker Glacier. The magnetic anomalies show two nearly orthogonal major trends. NNW-SSE trending anomalies northeast of Cape Adare represent seafloor spreading within the Adare Trough. A connection of these anomalies to the Northern Basin of the Ross Sea is not clear. Onshore faults are closely aligned to offshore anomalies. Main trends are NW-SE to NNW-SSE and NE-SW to NNESSW. NNW-SSE oriented dextral-transtensional to extensional faults parallel the Adare Peninsula and Adare Trough anomalies. NE-SW trending normal faults appear to segment the main Hallett volcanic bodies.

Flat-fielding of Solar Hα Observations Based on the Maximum Correntropy Criterion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Gao-Gui; Zheng, Sheng; Lin, Gang-Hua; Wang, Xiao-Fan

2016-08-01

The flat-field CCD calibration method of Kuhn et al. (KLL) is an efficient method for flat-fielding. However, since it depends on the minimum of the sum of squares error (SSE), its solution is sensitive to noise, especially non-Gaussian noise. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to determine the flat field. The idea is to change the criterion of gain estimate from SSE to the maximum correntropy. The result of a test on simulated data demonstrates that our method has a higher accuracy and a faster convergence than KLL’s and Chae’s. It has been found that the method effectively suppresses noise, especially in the case of typical non-Gaussian noise. And the computing time of our algorithm is the shortest.

A review of the wasp mimicking spider genus Coenoptychus Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae).

PubMed

Paul, Jimmy; Sankaran, Pradeep M; Sebastian, Pothalil A; Joseph, Mathew M

2018-04-20

The monotypic velvet ant-mimicking spider genus Coenoptychus Simon, 1885 is revised. The paper provides the first detailed morphological and genitalic description, with the first description and illustrations of the male of the type species, Coenoptychus pulcher Simon, 1885, and a redescription of its female. Two new combinations are proposed: Coenoptychus mutillicus (Haddad, 2004) comb. nov. and Coenoptychus tropicalis (Haddad, 2004) comb. nov.; both species were previously included in Graptartia Simon, 1896. The distribution records of the genus are updated.

Numerical modeling of short-term slow slip events in the Shikoku region considering the effect of earth tides and plate configuration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matsuzawa, T.; Tanaka, Y.; Shibazaki, B.

2016-12-01

Several studies reported that occurrence of slow slip events (SSEs) in the Nankai region is affected by earth tides (e.g., Nakata et al., 2008; Ide and Tanaka, 2014; Yabe et al., 2015). The tidal effect on the SSEs is also examined by numerical studies (e.g., Hawthorne and Rubin, 2013). In our previous study, repeating SSEs in the Shikoku region are numerically reproduced, incorporating the actual plate configuration (Matsuzawa et al., 2013). In this study, we examined the behavior of SSEs in the Shikoku region, considering stress perturbation by earth tides. Our numerical model is similar to our previous study (Matsuzawa et al., 2013). A plate interface is expressed by small triangular elements. A rate- and state-dependent friction law (RS-law) with cutoff velocities is adopted as the friction law on each element. We assumed that (a-b) value in the RS-law is negative within the short-term SSE region, and positive outside the region. The short-term SSE region is based on the actual distribution of low-frequency tremor. Low effective normal stress is assumed at the depth of short-term SSEs. Calculating stress change by earth tides as in Yabe et al., (2015), we assume that the stress change is represented by periods of 10 major tides. Incorporating this stress perturbation, we calculate the evolution of slip on the plate interface. In the numerical result, repeating short-term SSEs are reproduced in the short-term SSE region. Recurrent intervals of SSEs at an isolated patch (e.g., northeastern Shikoku) have small fluctuation. Introducing tidal effect, peak velocity becomes faster than that in the case without tidal effect. On the other hand, the difference of peak velocities is not clear between the cases with and without tidal effect at widely connected SSE region (e.g., western Shikoku), as the intervals and peak velocities of SSEs are largely fluctuated in both cases. Hirahara (2016) suggested that the recurrence interval of events is synchronized to the period of external force, when these two periods are close. In our result, recurrence intervals of SSEs at the isolated patch seem to be less fluctuated in the case with tides, and perhaps, may be attracted to the period of integer multiple of the long period tides (e.g., Mf), although further examination is required to confirm this interpretation.

Brainstem structures are primarily affected in an experimental model of severe scorpion envenomation.

PubMed

Guidine, Patrícia Alves Maia; Cash, Diana; Drumond, Luciana Estefani; de Souza E Rezende, Gustavo Henrique; Massensini, André Ricardo; Williams, Steve Charles Rees; Moraes-Santos, Tasso; Moraes, Márcio Flávio Dutra; Mesquita, Michel Bernanos Soares

2014-01-01

Severe scorpion envenoming (SSE) is more frequent in children and is characterized by systemic dysfunctions with a mortality rate of up to 9%. Recent evidence shows that the central nervous system (CNS) plays a key role in triggering the cascade of symptoms present in SSE. The age-dependent role of the CNS in SSE lethality may be summarized in 3 hypotheses: (1) the shown increased blood brain barrier permeability of infants to the toxins would especially and primarily compromise neurovegetative control areas, (2) the neurons within these areas have high affinity to the toxins, and (3) the neurovascular interaction is such that SSE metabolically compromises proper function of toxin-targeted areas. A pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging paradigm was used to evaluate localized hemodynamic changes in relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) for 30 min after the injection of TsTX, the most lethal toxin from the venom of the Tityus serrulatus scorpion. The brainstem showed significant rCBV reduction 1 min after TsTX administration, whereas rostral brain areas had delayed increase in rCBV (confirmed by laser Doppler measurements of cortical cerebral blood flow). Moreover, metabolic activity by 14C-2-deoxyglucose autoradiography showed the highest relative increase at the brainstem. To test whether TsTX has high affinity to brainstem neurons, the lateral ventricle was injected with Alexa Fluor 568 TsTX. Although some neurons showed intense fluorescence, the labeling pattern suggests that specific neurons were targeted. Altogether, these results suggest that brainstem areas involved in neurovegetative control are most likely within the primary structures triggering the cascade of symptoms present in SSE.

Guidelines for Management Consulting Programs for Small-Scale Enterprise. Appropriate Technologies for Development. Manual M-14.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vaughan, Gary L.

This manual is designed to assist management consultants in working with small-scale entrepreneurs in developing countries. Addressed in an overview of the small-scale enterprise (SSE) are: the role of the SSE in third world development, problems of SSEs, and target firms. The second chapter deals with various forms of management assistance to…

Functional Brain Activation Differences in School-Age Children with Speech Sound Errors: Speech and Print Processing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Preston, Jonathan L.; Felsenfeld, Susan; Frost, Stephen J.; Mencl, W. Einar; Fulbright, Robert K.; Grigorenko, Elena L.; Landi, Nicole; Seki, Ayumi; Pugh, Kenneth R.

2012-01-01

Purpose: To examine neural response to spoken and printed language in children with speech sound errors (SSE). Method: Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare processing of auditorily and visually presented words and pseudowords in 17 children with SSE, ages 8;6[years;months] through 10;10, with 17 matched controls. Results: When…

The Self-Powered Detector Simulation `MATiSSe' Toolbox applied to SPNDs for severe accident monitoring in PWRs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barbot, Loïc; Villard, Jean-François; Fourrez, Stéphane; Pichon, Laurent; Makil, Hamid

2018-01-01

In the framework of the French National Research Agency program on nuclear safety and radioprotection, the `DIstributed Sensing for COrium Monitoring and Safety' project aims at developing innovative instrumentation for corium monitoring in case of severe accident in a Pressurized Water nuclear Reactor. Among others, a new under-vessel instrumentation based on Self-Powered Neutron Detectors is developed using a numerical simulation toolbox, named `MATiSSe'. The CEA Instrumentation Sensors and Dosimetry Lab developed MATiSSe since 2010 for Self-Powered Neutron Detectors material selection and geometry design, as well as for their respective partial neutron and gamma sensitivity calculations. MATiSSe is based on a comprehensive model of neutron and gamma interactions which take place in Selfpowered neutron detector components using the MCNP6 Monte Carlo code. As member of the project consortium, the THERMOCOAX SAS Company is currently manufacturing some instrumented pole prototypes to be tested in 2017. The full severe accident monitoring equipment, including the standalone low current acquisition system, will be tested during a joined CEA-THERMOCOAX experimental campaign in some realistic irradiation conditions, in the Slovenian TRIGA Mark II research reactor.

A Single-Step Enrichment Medium for Nonchromogenic Isolation of Healthy and Cold-Injured Salmonella spp. from Fresh Vegetables.

PubMed

Kim, Hong-Seok; Choi, Dasom; Kang, Il-Byeong; Kim, Dong-Hyeon; Yim, Jin-Hyeok; Kim, Young-Ji; Chon, Jung-Whan; Oh, Deog-Hwan; Seo, Kun-Ho

2017-02-01

Culture-based detection of nontyphoidal Salmonella spp. in foods requires at least four working days; therefore, new detection methods that shorten the test time are needed. In this study, we developed a novel single-step Salmonella enrichment broth, SSE-1, and compared its detection capability with that of commercial single-step ONE broth-Salmonella (OBS) medium and a conventional two-step enrichment method using buffered peptone water and Rappaport-Vassiliadis soy broth (BPW-RVS). Minimally processed lettuce samples were artificially inoculated with low levels of healthy and cold-injured Salmonella Enteritidis (10 0 or 10 1 colony-forming unit/25 g), incubated in OBS, BPW-RVS, and SSE-1 broths, and streaked on xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar. Salmonella recoverability was significantly higher in BPW-RVS (79.2%) and SSE-1 (83.3%) compared to OBS (39.3%) (p < 0.05). Our data suggest that the SSE-1 single-step enrichment broth could completely replace two-step enrichment with reduced enrichment time from 48 to 24 h, performing better than commercial single-step enrichment medium in the conventional nonchromogenic Salmonella detection, thus saving time, labor, and cost.

Simple aerosol correction technique based on the spectral relationships of the aerosol multiple-scattering reflectances for atmospheric correction over the oceans.

PubMed

Ahn, Jae-Hyun; Park, Young-Je; Kim, Wonkook; Lee, Boram

2016-12-26

An estimation of the aerosol multiple-scattering reflectance is an important part of the atmospheric correction procedure in satellite ocean color data processing. Most commonly, the utilization of two near-infrared (NIR) bands to estimate the aerosol optical properties has been adopted for the estimation of the effects of aerosols. Previously, the operational Geostationary Color Ocean Imager (GOCI) atmospheric correction scheme relies on a single-scattering reflectance ratio (SSE), which was developed for the processing of the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) data to determine the appropriate aerosol models and their aerosol optical thicknesses. The scheme computes reflectance contributions (weighting factor) of candidate aerosol models in a single scattering domain then spectrally extrapolates the single-scattering aerosol reflectance from NIR to visible (VIS) bands using the SSE. However, it directly applies the weight value to all wavelengths in a multiple-scattering domain although the multiple-scattering aerosol reflectance has a non-linear relationship with the single-scattering reflectance and inter-band relationship of multiple scattering aerosol reflectances is non-linear. To avoid these issues, we propose an alternative scheme for estimating the aerosol reflectance that uses the spectral relationships in the aerosol multiple-scattering reflectance between different wavelengths (called SRAMS). The process directly calculates the multiple-scattering reflectance contributions in NIR with no residual errors for selected aerosol models. Then it spectrally extrapolates the reflectance contribution from NIR to visible bands for each selected model using the SRAMS. To assess the performance of the algorithm regarding the errors in the water reflectance at the surface or remote-sensing reflectance retrieval, we compared the SRAMS atmospheric correction results with the SSE atmospheric correction using both simulations and in situ match-ups with the GOCI data. From simulations, the mean errors for bands from 412 to 555 nm were 5.2% for the SRAMS scheme and 11.5% for SSE scheme in case-I waters. From in situ match-ups, 16.5% for the SRAMS scheme and 17.6% scheme for the SSE scheme in both case-I and case-II waters. Although we applied the SRAMS algorithm to the GOCI, it can be applied to other ocean color sensors which have two NIR wavelengths.

Non-toxic novel route synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline ZnS{sub x}Se{sub 1−x} thin films with tunable band gap characteristics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Agawane, G.L., E-mail: agawaneganesh@gmail.com; Shin, Seung Wook; Vanalakar, S.A.

2014-07-01

Highlights: • A simple, inexpensive, and non-toxic CBD route is used to deposit ZnS thin films. • The ZnS{sub x}Se{sub 1−x} thin films formation takes place via annealing of ZnS thin films in Se atmosphere. • S/(S + Se) ratio found to be temperature dependent and easy tuning of band gap has been done by Se atom deposition. - Abstract: An environmentally benign chemical bath deposition (CBD) route was employed to deposit zinc sulfide (ZnS) thin films. The CBD-ZnS thin films were further selenized in a furnace at various temperatures viz. 200, 300, 400, and 500 °C and the S/(Smore » + Se) ratio was found to be dependent on the annealing temperature. The effects of S/(S + Se) ratio on the structural, compositional and optical properties of the ZnS{sub x}Se{sub 1−x} (ZnSSe) thin films were investigated. EDS analysis showed that the S/(S + Se) ratio decreased from 0.8 to 0.6 when the film annealing temperature increased from 200 to 500 °C. The field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy studies showed that all the films were uniform, pin hole free, smooth, and adhered well to the glass substrate. The X-ray diffraction study on the ZnSSe thin films showed the formation of the cubic phase, except for the unannealed ZnSSe thin film, which showed an amorphous phase. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed Zn-S, Zn-Se, and insignificant Zn-OH bonds formation from the Zn 2p{sub 3/2}, S 2p, Se 3d{sub 5/2}, and O 1s atomic states, respectively. The ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy study showed ∼80% transmittance in the visible region for all the ZnSSe thin films having various absorption edges. The tuning of the band gap energy of the ZnSSe thin films was carried out by selenizing CBD-ZnS thin films, and as the S/(S + Se) ratio decreased from 0.8 to 0.6, the band gap energy decreased from 3.20 to 3.12 eV.« less

33 CFR 110.72b - St. Simons Island, Georgia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false St. Simons Island, Georgia. 110.72b Section 110.72b Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY ANCHORAGES ANCHORAGE REGULATIONS Special Anchorage Areas § 110.72b St. Simons Island, Georgia. The area...

33 CFR 110.72b - St. Simons Island, Georgia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false St. Simons Island, Georgia. 110.72b Section 110.72b Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY ANCHORAGES ANCHORAGE REGULATIONS Special Anchorage Areas § 110.72b St. Simons Island, Georgia. The area...

33 CFR 110.72b - St. Simons Island, Georgia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false St. Simons Island, Georgia. 110.72b Section 110.72b Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY ANCHORAGES ANCHORAGE REGULATIONS Special Anchorage Areas § 110.72b St. Simons Island, Georgia. The area...

33 CFR 110.72b - St. Simons Island, Georgia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false St. Simons Island, Georgia. 110.72b Section 110.72b Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY ANCHORAGES ANCHORAGE REGULATIONS Special Anchorage Areas § 110.72b St. Simons Island, Georgia. The area...

Formation of a Chern-Simons cylindrical wormhole during evolution of manifolds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sepehri, Alireza; Ghaffary, Tooraj; Naimi, Yaghoob; Ghaforyan, Hossein; Ebrahimzadeh, Majid

In this paper, the formation of cylindrical wormhole during evolution of manifolds is studied. It is shown that this type of wormholes may be produced at two stages and then disappeared very fast at the third stage. First, one N-dimensional is formed by joining point-like manifolds. Then, this manifold is torn and two child manifolds plus one Chern-Simons manifold appeared. Our universe is born on one of the child manifolds and connected to the other one by Chern-Simons manifold. At the third stage, this Chern-Simons manifold-which plays the role of cylindrical wormhole, dissolves into universes and gives its energy to them and causes inflation. Thus, the Chern-Simons cylindrical wormhole is unstable and dissolves in our four-dimensional universes and another universe very fast.

Numerical study of the effect of earth tides on recurring short-term slow slip events

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matsuzawa, T.; Tanaka, Y.; Shibazaki, B.

2017-12-01

Short-term slow slip events (SSEs) in the Nankai region are affected by earth tides (e.g., Nakata et al., 2008; Ide and Tanaka, 2014; Yabe et al., 2015). The effect of tidal stress on the SSEs is also examined numerically (e.g., Hawthorne and Rubin, 2013). In our previous study (Matsuzawa et al., 2017, JpGU-AGU), we numerically simulated SSEs in the Shikoku region, and reported that tidal stress makes the variance of recurrence intervals of SSEs smaller in relatively isolated SSE regions. However, the reason of such stable recurrence was not clear. In this study, we examine the tidal effect on short-term SSEs based on a flat plate and a realistic plate model (e.g., Matsuzawa et al., 2013, GRL). We adopt a rate- and state-dependent friction law (RS-law) with cutoff velocities as in our previous studies (Matsuzawa et al., 2013). We assume that (a-b) value in the RS-law is negative within the short-term SSE region, and positive outside the region. In a flat plate model, the short-term SSE region is a circular patch with the radius of 6 km. In a realistic plate model, the short-term SSE region is based on the actual distribution of low-frequency tremor. Low effective normal stress is assumed at the depth of SSEs. Calculating stress change by earth tides as in Yabe et al., (2015), we examine the stress perturbation by two different earth tides with the period of semidiurnal (M2) and fortnight (Mf) tide in this study. In the result of a flat plate case, amplitude of SSEs becomes smaller just after the slip at whole simulated area. Recurring SSEs become clear again within one year in the case with tides (M2 or Mf), while the recurrence becomes clear after seven years in the case without tides. Interestingly, the effect of the Mf tide is similar to the case with the M2 tide, even though the amplitude of the Mf tide (0.01 kPa) is two-order smaller than that of the M2 tide. In the realistic plate model of Shikoku, clear recurrence of short-term SSEs is found earlier than the case without tides, after the occurrence of long-term SSEs. These results suggest that stress perturbation by earth tides makes SSEs more episodic even in the situation that the loading in the surrounding area tends to cause temporal stable sliding.

SIM(1)-VSR Maxwell-Chern-Simons electrodynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bufalo, R.

2016-06-01

In this paper we propose a very special relativity (VSR)-inspired generalization of the Maxwell-Chern-Simons (MCS) electrodynamics. This proposal is based upon the construction of a proper study of the SIM (1)-VSR gauge-symmetry. It is shown that the VSR nonlocal effects present a significant and healthy departure from the usual MCS theory. The classical dynamics is analysed in full detail, by studying the solution for the electric field and static energy for this configuration. Afterwards, the interaction energy between opposite charges is derived and we show that the VSR effects play an important part in obtaining a (novel) finite expression for the static potential.

Photoelectric performance of TiO2 nanotube array photoelectrodes sensitized with CdS0.54Se0.46 quantum dots

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gakhar, Ruchi; Smith, York R.; Misra, Mano; Chidambaram, Dev

2015-11-01

The photoelectrochemical performance of CdSSe quantum dots tethered to a framework of vertically oriented titania (TiO2) nanotubes was studied. The TiO2/CdSSe framework demonstrated improved charge transfer due to its unique band edge structure, thus validating the higher photocurrent generation. The composite film led to an 11-fold enhancement in comparison to the control TiO2 film, implying that the ternary quantum dots and the nanotubular structure of TiO2 work in tandem to promote charge separation and favorably impact photoelectrochemical performance. Further, the results also suggest that structural and optoelectronic properties of TiO2 films are significantly affected by the thicknesses of the CdSSe layer.

SSeCloud: Using secret sharing scheme to secure keys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Liang; Huang, Yang; Yang, Disheng; Zhang, Yuzhen; Liu, Hengchang

2017-08-01

With the use of cloud storage services, one of the concerns is how to protect sensitive data securely and privately. While users enjoy the convenience of data storage provided by semi-trusted cloud storage providers, they are confronted with all kinds of risks at the same time. In this paper, we present SSeCloud, a secure cloud storage system that improves security and usability by applying secret sharing scheme to secure keys. The system encrypts uploading files on the client side and splits encrypted keys into three shares. Each of them is respectively stored by users, cloud storage providers and the alternative third trusted party. Any two of the parties can reconstruct keys. Evaluation results of prototype system show that SSeCloud provides high security without too much performance penalty.

Optimal clinical trial design based on a dichotomous Markov-chain mixed-effect sleep model.

PubMed

Steven Ernest, C; Nyberg, Joakim; Karlsson, Mats O; Hooker, Andrew C

2014-12-01

D-optimal designs for discrete-type responses have been derived using generalized linear mixed models, simulation based methods and analytical approximations for computing the fisher information matrix (FIM) of non-linear mixed effect models with homogeneous probabilities over time. In this work, D-optimal designs using an analytical approximation of the FIM for a dichotomous, non-homogeneous, Markov-chain phase advanced sleep non-linear mixed effect model was investigated. The non-linear mixed effect model consisted of transition probabilities of dichotomous sleep data estimated as logistic functions using piecewise linear functions. Theoretical linear and nonlinear dose effects were added to the transition probabilities to modify the probability of being in either sleep stage. D-optimal designs were computed by determining an analytical approximation the FIM for each Markov component (one where the previous state was awake and another where the previous state was asleep). Each Markov component FIM was weighted either equally or by the average probability of response being awake or asleep over the night and summed to derive the total FIM (FIM(total)). The reference designs were placebo, 0.1, 1-, 6-, 10- and 20-mg dosing for a 2- to 6-way crossover study in six dosing groups. Optimized design variables were dose and number of subjects in each dose group. The designs were validated using stochastic simulation/re-estimation (SSE). Contrary to expectations, the predicted parameter uncertainty obtained via FIM(total) was larger than the uncertainty in parameter estimates computed by SSE. Nevertheless, the D-optimal designs decreased the uncertainty of parameter estimates relative to the reference designs. Additionally, the improvement for the D-optimal designs were more pronounced using SSE than predicted via FIM(total). Through the use of an approximate analytic solution and weighting schemes, the FIM(total) for a non-homogeneous, dichotomous Markov-chain phase advanced sleep model was computed and provided more efficient trial designs and increased nonlinear mixed-effects modeling parameter precision.

Treatment effects on performance of N-fixing lichens in disturbed crusts of the Colorado Plateau

USGS Publications Warehouse

Davidson, Diane W.; Bowker, Mathew; George, Dylan; Phillips, Susan L.; Belnap, Jayne

2002-01-01

Biological soil crusts arrest soil erosion and supply nitrogen to arid ecosystems. To understand their recovery from disturbance, we studied performances of Collema spp. lichens relative to four experimental treatments plus microtopography of soil pedicels, oriented north-northwest to south-southeast in crusts. At sites in Needles (NDLS) and Island in the Sky (ISKY) districts of Canyonlands National Park, lichens were transplanted to NNW, SSE, ENE, WSW, and TOP pedicel faces and exposed to a full-factorial, randomized block experiment with four treatments: nutrient addition (P and K), soil stabilization with polyacrylamide resin (PAM), added cyanobacterial fiber, and biweekly watering.After 14.5 mo (NDLS) and 24 mo (ISKY), both visual rankings of lichen condition and measures of chlorophyll fluorescence were generally higher at ISKY than on more fertile but less stable soils at NDLS. On ENE and NNW pedicel faces, both these values and nitrogenase activity (NDLS only) exceeded corresponding values on WSW and SSE faces. Treatment effects were site specific and largely negative at NDLS; both nutrient and cyanobacterial addition led to poorer lichen condition, and added nutrients led to reduced fluorescence. Responses to nutrients may have been mediated partly by disturbance of unstable soils and by competition with cyanobacteria.In a separate experiment investigating recruitment responses to adding fungal spores or Nostoc cells, rates of Collema establishment responded significantly to the former but not the latter. Low establishment overall suggests that natural recruitment may occur mainly from iscidia or thallus fragments, not spores.Measured simultaneously on artificial soil pedicels at NDLS and ISKY, both deposition and erosion declined at NDLS across the four pedicel microaspects as: WSW > SSE > NNW > ENE (or ENE > NNW), during fall and spring trials. Patterns were similar at ISKY, but WSW ≈ SSE for spring deposition, and deposition did not differ by microaspect in fall. Greater deposition at ISKY, despite higher abundance of cyanobacteria, may be explained by stronger wind velocities.Together, microtopographic differences in erosion, microclimate, and nutrient regimes help explain variable lichen performance, but microtopography influenced lichen performance more consistently than did any treatment. Demonstrated effects of pedicel development in crust recovery concur with prior surveys showing greatest microbial biomass and/or cover on ENE and NNW exposures at various spatial scales.

Studying social cognition using near-infrared spectroscopy: the case of social Simon effect

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Costantini, Marcello; Di Vacri, Assunta; Maria Chiarelli, Antonio; Ferri, Francesca; Luca Romani, Gian; Merla, Arcangelo

2013-02-01

In order to understand the so-called "social brain," we need to monitor social interactions in face-to-face paradigms. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a promising technique to achieve this goal. We investigate the neuronal underpinnings of sharing a task in a proper social context. We record cortical activity by means of NIRS, while participants perform a joint Simon task. Different from other hemodynamic techniques, NIRS allows us to have both participants sit comfortably close to each other in a realistic and ecological environment. We found higher activation in the sensorimotor cortex while processing compatible trials as compared to incompatible ones referring to one's own action alternative. Strikingly, when the participant was not responding because it was the turn of the other member of the pair, the inferior parietal was activated. This study provides twofold findings: first, they suggest that the joint Simon effect relies more on shared attentional mechanisms than a proper mapping of the other's motor response. Second, they highlight the invaluable contribution NIRS can afford to social neuroscience in order to preserve ecological and naturalistic settings.

Spatiotemporal Relationship between Shallow Slow Slip and Repeating Earthquakes in the Northern Hikurangi Subduction Margin, New Zealand

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shaddox, H. R.; Schwartz, S. Y.; Todd, E. K.; Sheehan, A.; Yarce, J.; Nakai, J. S.

2017-12-01

Repeating earthquakes (REs), events with similar waveforms and locations, have been used to estimate aseismic slip-rate variations and their presence has been used as a proxy for slow slip. Here, we look for REs in the area of a well-recorded slow slip event (SSE) using ocean-bottom data from the Hikurangi Ocean Bottom Investigation of Tremor and Slow Slip (HOBITSS) experiment. The HOBITSS array of absolute pressure gauges (APG) and ocean-bottom seismometers (OBS) was deployed offshore of Gisborne, New Zealand from May 2014 - June 2015 above shallow (<15 km), episodic (every 18-24 months) SSEs in the northern Hikurangi subduction margin. The HOBITSS network recorded a Mw 6.8 SSE in September/October 2014. To find repeating earthquakes associated with the 2014 SSE we apply matched filtering using the HOBITSS catalog and OBS stations. Events are initially located in Antelope (dbgenloc or dblocsat2), relocated with either NonLinLoc or BayesLoc, and then relocated again (where possible) using GrowClust, a relative relocation algorithm that uses both differential travel times and waveform cross-correlations. Events with final locations within 5 km of the plate interface in the area of the SSE ( 70x100 km area, <2-12 km depth) are used as templates (85 total); few of these plate boundary events occur within areas of large slip. We define RE pairs using a minimum average cross-correlation coefficient of 0.95 at 3+ stations. Only one family of REs (2 events) is found within peak slip ( 20 cm at 8 km depth), days before slip conclusion. One family (2 events) is found in the southern portion of slip ( 15 cm at 7 km depth), two weeks after the SSE. All other REs found (10 families, 30 events) are collocated with a subducting seamount at the northeast edge of slip (<10 cm). One of these families contains two events that occur days before slip termination; the remainder occur days to weeks after the SSE. First-motion focal mechanisms are determined for each family and variability is evident between families; these events may be related to a fracture network surrounding the subducting seamount rather than occurring on the plate interface. Overall, we only find REs toward the end and after the well-recorded 2014 SSE. Thus, in some environments REs may not be reliable indicators of shallow SSEs.

78 FR 61999 - Simon Solar, LLC; Supplemental Notice That Initial Market-Based Rate Filing Includes Request for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-10

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket No. ER13-2490-000] Simon Solar, LLC; Supplemental Notice That Initial Market-Based Rate Filing Includes Request for Blanket Section 204 Authorization This is a supplemental notice in the above-referenced proceeding, of Simon Solar...

Remembering Roger I. Simon: A Pedagogy of Public Possibility

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farley, Lisa; Tarc, Aparna Mishra

2014-01-01

This special issue of "Canadian Social Studies" is dedicated to Roger I. Simon. Simon's scholarship bequeaths to theorists, teachers, and curators across Canada and beyond a theory of education that opens up responsibilities to past and present others. The papers gathered for this special issue address many of the difficulties that he…

Around Marshall

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-10-31

The Shooting Star Experiment (SSE) is designed to develop and demonstrate the technology required to focus the sun's energy and use the energy for inexpensive space Propulsion Research. Pictured is an engineering model (Pathfinder III) of the Shooting Star Experiment (SSE). This model was used to test and characterize the motion and deformation of the structure caused by thermal effects. In this photograph, alignment targets are being placed on the engineering model so that a theodolite (alignment telescope) could be used to accurately measure the deformation and deflections of the engineering model under extreme conditions, such as the coldness of deep space and the hotness of the sun as well as vacuum. This thermal vacuum test was performed at the X-Ray Calibration Facility because of the size of the test article and the capabilities of the facility to simulate in-orbit conditions

Shooting Star Experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

The Shooting Star Experiment (SSE) is designed to develop and demonstrate the technology required to focus the sun's energy and use the energy for inexpensive space Propulsion Research. Pictured is an engineering model (Pathfinder III) of the Shooting Star Experiment (SSE). This model was used to test and characterize the motion and deformation of the structure caused by thermal effects. In this photograph, alignment targets are being placed on the engineering model so that a theodolite (alignment telescope) could be used to accurately measure the deformation and deflections of the engineering model under extreme conditions, such as the coldness of deep space and the hotness of the sun as well as vacuum. This thermal vacuum test was performed at the X-Ray Calibration Facility because of the size of the test article and the capabilities of the facility to simulate in-orbit conditions

High piezoelectric performance of poly(lactic acid) film manufactured by solid-state extrusion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoshida, Mitsunobu; Onogi, Takayuki; Onishi, Katsuki; Inagaki, Takuma; Tajitsu, Yoshiro

2014-09-01

Recently, the application of uniaxially stretched poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) films to speakers, actuators, and pressure sensors has been attempted, taking advantage of their piezoelectric performance. However, the shear piezoelectric constant d14 of uniaxially stretched PLLA film is conventionally 6-10 pC N-1. To realize a high sensitivity of pressure sensors, compact speakers, and actuators, and a low driving voltage, further improvement of the piezoelectric performance is desired. In this study, we carried out solid-state extrusion (SSE) to stretch and orient poly(d-lactic acid) (PDLA) and verified its effects on piezoelectric performance. By SSE, we were able to improve the mechanical strength and elastic modulus of PDLA samples. Furthermore, the d14 of the samples was significantly increased to approximately 20 pC N-1.

Slow slip events in Guerrero, Mexico, and consequences on strain accumulation over the past 15 years.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Radiguet, M.; Cotton, F.; Cavalié, O.; Pathier, E.; Kostoglodov, V.; Vergnolle, M.; Campillo, M.; Walpersdorf, A.; Cotte, N.; Santiago, J.; Franco, S.

2012-12-01

Continuous Global Positioning System (cGPS) time series in Guerrero, Mexico, reveal the widespread existence of large Slow Slip Events (SSEs) at the boundary between the Cocos and North American plates. The existence of these SSEs asks the question of how seismic and aseismic slips complement each other in subduction zones. We examined the last three SSEs that occurred in 2001/2002, 2006 and 2009/2010, and their impact on the strain accumulation along the Guerrero subduction margin. We use continuous cGPS time series and InSAR images to evaluate the surface displacement during SSEs and inter-SSE periods. The slip distributions on the plate interface associated with each SSE, as well as the inter-SSE (short-term) coupling rates are evaluated by inverting these surface displacements. Our results reveal that the three analyzed SSEs have equivalent moment magnitudes of around 7.5 and their lateral extension is variable.The slip distributions for the three SSEs show that in the Guerrero gap area, the slow slip occurs at shallower depth (updip limit around 15-20 km) than in surrounding regions. The InSAR data provide additional information for the 2006 SSE. The joint inversion of InSAR and cGPS data confirms the lateral variation of the slip distribution along the trench, with shallower slip in the Guerrero seismic gap, west of Acapulco, and deeper slip further east. Inversion of inter-SSE displacement rates reveal that during the inter-SSE time intervals, the interplate coupling is high in the area where the slow slip subsequently occurs. Over a 12 year period, corresponding to three cycles of SSEs, our results reveal that the accumulated slip deficit in the Guerrero gap area is only ¼ of the slip deficit accumulated on both sides of the gap. Moreover, the regions of large slip deficit coincide with the rupture areas of recent large earthquakes. We conclude that the SSEs account for a major portion of the overall moment release budget in the Guerrero gap. If large subduction thrust earthquakes occur in the Guerrero gap, their recurrence time is probably increased compared to adjacent regions.

Effect of Alcohols on the Phase Behavior and Emulsification of a Sucrose Fatty Acid Ester/Water/Edible Oil System.

PubMed

Matsuura, Tsutashi; Ogawa, Akihiro; Ohara, Yukari; Nishina, Shogo; Nakanishi, Maho; Gohtani, Shoichi

2018-02-01

The effect of alcohols (ethanol, 1-propanol, propylene glycol, glycerin, sucrose) on the phase behavior and emulsification of sucrose stearic acid ester (SSE)/water/edible vegetable oil (EVO) systems was investigated. Adding sucrose, propylene glycol, and glycerin narrowed the oil-separated two-phase region in the phase diagram of the SSE/water/EVO systems, whereas adding ethanol and 1-propanol expanded the oil-separated two-phase region. Changing the course of emulsification in the phase diagram showed that the size of the oil-droplet particle typically decreased in a system with a narrowed oil-separated region. The emulsification properties of the systems varied with respect to changes in the phase diagram. The microstructure of the systems was examined using small-angle X-ray scattering, and the ability to retain the oil in the lamellar structure of the SSEs was suggested as an important role in emulsification, because the mechanism of the systems was the same as that for the liquid crystal emulsification method.

The influence of stress responses on surgical performance and outcomes: Literature review and the development of the surgical stress effects (SSE) framework.

PubMed

Chrouser, Kristin L; Xu, Jie; Hallbeck, Susan; Weinger, Matthew B; Partin, Melissa R

2018-02-22

Surgical adverse events persist despite several decades of system-based quality improvement efforts, suggesting the need for alternative strategies. Qualitative studies suggest stress-induced negative intraoperative interpersonal dynamics might contribute to performance errors and undesirable patient outcomes. Understanding the impact of intraoperative stressors may be critical to reducing adverse events and improving outcomes. We searched MEDLINE, psycINFO, EMBASE, Business Source Premier, and CINAHL databases (1996-2016) to assess the relationship between negative (emotional and behavioral) responses to acute intraoperative stressors and provider performance or patient surgical outcomes. Drawing on theory and evidence from reviewed studies, we present the Surgical Stress Effects (SSE) framework. This illustrates how emotional and behavioral responses to stressors can influence individual surgical provider (e.g. surgeon, nurse) performance, team performance, and patient outcomes. It also demonstrates how uncompensated intraoperative threats and errors can lead to adverse events, highlighting evidence gaps for future research efforts. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Explicit formulae for Chern-Simons invariants of the hyperbolic orbifolds of the knot with Conway's notation C(2n, 3)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ham, Ji-Young; Lee, Joongul

2017-03-01

We calculate the Chern-Simons invariants of the hyperbolic orbifolds of the knot with Conway's notation C(2n, 3) using the Schläfli formula for the generalized Chern-Simons function on the family of C(2n, 3) cone-manifold structures. We present the concrete and explicit formula of them. We apply the general instructions of Hilden, Lozano, and Montesinos-Amilibia and extend the Ham and Lee's methods. As an application, we calculate the Chern-Simons invariants of cyclic coverings of the hyperbolic C(2n, 3) orbifolds.

Couplings of gravitational currents with Chern-Simons gravities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ertem, Ümit; Açık, Özgür

2013-02-01

The coupling of conserved p-brane currents with non-Abelian gauge theories is done consistently by using Chern-Simons forms. Conserved currents localized on p-branes that have a gravitational origin can be constructed from Killing-Yano forms of the underlying spacetime. We propose a generalization of the coupling procedure with Chern-Simons gravities to the case of gravitational conserved currents. In odd dimensions, the field equations of coupled Chern-Simons gravities that describe the local curvature on p-branes are obtained. In special cases of three and five dimensions, the field equations are investigated in detail.

Membrane paradigm of black holes in Chern-Simons modified gravity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhao, Tian-Yi; Wang, Towe, E-mail: zhaotianyi5566@foxmail.com, E-mail: twang@phy.ecnu.edu.cn

2016-06-01

The membrane paradigm of black hole is studied in the Chern-Simons modified gravity. Derived with the action principle a la Parikh-Wilczek, the stress tensor of membrane manifests a rich structure arising from the Chern-Simons term. The membrane stress tensor, if related to the bulk stress tensor in a special form, obeys the low-dimensional fluid continuity equation and the Navier-Stokes equation. This paradigm is applied to spherically symmetric static geometries, and in particular, the Schwarzschild black hole, which is a solution of a large class of dynamical Chern-Simons gravity.

Estimation of the impact of warfarin's time-in-therapeutic range on stroke and major bleeding rates and its influence on the medical cost avoidance associated with novel oral anticoagulant use-learnings from ARISTOTLE, ROCKET-AF, and RE-LY trials.

PubMed

Amin, Alpesh; Deitelzweig, Steve; Jing, Yonghua; Makenbaeva, Dinara; Wiederkehr, Daniel; Lin, Jay; Graham, John

2014-01-01

Warfarin's time-in-therapeutic range (TTR) is highly variable among patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). The objective of this study was to estimate the impact of variations in wafarin's TTR on rates of stroke/systemic embolism (SSE) and major bleedings among NVAF patients in the ARISTOTLE, ROCKET-AF, and RE-LY trials. Additionally, differences in medical costs for clinical endpoints when novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) were used instead of warfarin at different TTR values were estimated. Quartile ranges of TTR values and corresponding event rates (%/patient - year = %/py) of SSE and major bleedings among NVAF patients treated with warfarin were estimated from published literature and FDA documents. The associations of SSE and major bleeding rates with TTR values were evaluated by regression analysis and then the calculated regression coefficients were used in analysis of medical cost differences associated with use of each NOAC versus warfarin (2010 costs; US payer perspective) at different TTRs. Each 10 % increase in warfarin's TTR correlated with a -0.32%/py decrease in SSE rate (R(2) = 0.61; p < 0.001). Although, the rate of major bleedings decreased as TTR increased, it was not significant (-0.035%/py, p = 0.63). As warfarin's TTR increased from 30 to 90% the estimated medical cost decreased from -$902 to -$83 for apixaban, from -$506 to +$314 for rivaroxaban, and from -$596 to +$223 for dabigatran. Among NVAF patients there is a significant negative correlation between warfarin's TTR and SSE rate, but not major bleedings. The variations in warfarin's TTR impacted the economic comparison of use of individual NOACs versus warfarin.

Hierarchical functional specificity of cytosolic heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) nucleotide exchange factors in yeast.

PubMed

Abrams, Jennifer L; Verghese, Jacob; Gibney, Patrick A; Morano, Kevin A

2014-05-09

Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) molecular chaperones play critical roles in protein homeostasis. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cytosolic Hsp70 interacts with up to three types of nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs) homologous to human counterparts: Sse1/Sse2 (Heat shock protein 110 (Hsp110)), Fes1 (HspBP1), and Snl1 (Bag-1). All three NEFs stimulate ADP release; however, it is unclear why multiple distinct families have been maintained throughout eukaryotic evolution. In this study we investigate NEF roles in Hsp70 cell biology using an isogenic combinatorial collection of NEF deletion mutants. Utilizing well characterized model substrates, we find that Sse1 participates in most Hsp70-mediated processes and is of particular importance in protein biogenesis and degradation, whereas Fes1 contributes to a minimal extent. Surprisingly, disaggregation and resolubilization of thermally denatured firefly luciferase occurred independently of NEF activity. Simultaneous deletion of SSE1 and FES1 resulted in constitutive activation of heat shock protein expression mediated by the transcription factor Hsf1, suggesting that these two factors are important for modulating stress response. Fes1 was found to interact in vivo preferentially with the Ssa family of cytosolic Hsp70 and not the co-translational Ssb homolog, consistent with the lack of cold sensitivity and protein biogenesis phenotypes for fes1Δ cells. No significant consequence could be attributed to deletion of the minor Hsp110 SSE2 or the Bag homolog SNL1. Together, these lines of investigation provide a comparative analysis of NEF function in yeast that implies Hsp110 is the principal NEF for cytosolic Hsp70, making it an ideal candidate for therapeutic intervention in human protein folding disorders.

Seismic velocity change and slip rate during the 2006 Guerrero (Mexico) slow slip event

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rivet, Diane; Radiguet, Mathilde; Campillo, Michel; Cotton, Fabrice; Shapiro, Nikolai; Krishna Singh, Shri; Kostoglodov, Vladimir

2010-05-01

We measure temporal change of the seismic velocity in the crust below the Guerrero region during the 2006 slow sleep event (SSE). We use repeated cross-correlations of ambient seismic noise recorded at 26 broad-band stations of the MesoAmerica Seismic Experiment (MASE). The cross-correlations are computed over 90 days with a moving window of 10 days from January 2005 to July 2007. To insure measurements independent of noise source variations, we only take into account the travel time change within the coda. For period of 8 to 20s, we observe a decrease in velocity starting in April 2006 with a maximum change of -0.3% of the initial velocity in June 2006. At these periods, the Rayleigh waves are sensitive to velocity changes down to the lower crust. In the other hand, we compute the deformation rate below the MASE array from a slip propagation model of the SSE observed by means of the displacement time-series of 15 continuous GPS stations. Slip initiates in the western part of the Guerrero Gap and propagates southeastward. The propagation velocity is of the order of 1 km/day. We then compare the seismic velocity change measured from continuous seismological data with the deformation rate inferred from geodetic measurements below the MASE array. We obtain a good agreement between the time of maximal seismic velocity change (July 2006) and the time of maximum deformation associated with the SSE (July to August 2006). This result shows that the long-term velocity change associated with the SSE can be detected using continuous seismic recordings. Since the SSE does not emit seismic waves, which interact with the superficial layers, the result indicates that the velocity change is due to deformation at depth.

Chern-Simons theory and S-duality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dimofte, Tudor; Gukov, Sergei

2013-05-01

We study S-dualities in analytically continued SL(2) Chern-Simons theory on a 3-manifold M. By realizing Chern-Simons theory via a compactification of a 6d five-brane theory on M, various objects and symmetries in Chern-Simons theory become related to objects and operations in dual 2d, 3d, and 4d theories. For example, the space of flat SL(2 , {C} ) connections on M is identified with the space of supersymmetric vacua in a dual 3d gauge theory. The hidden symmetry [InlineMediaObject not available: see fulltext.] of SL(2) Chern-Simons theory can be identified as the S-duality transformation of {N}=4 super-Yang-Mills theory (obtained by compactifying the five-brane theory on a torus); whereas the mapping class group action in Chern-Simons theory on a three-manifold M with boundary C is realized as S-duality in 4d {N}=2 super-Yang-Mills theory associated with the Riemann surface C. We illustrate these symmetries by considering simple examples of 3-manifolds that include knot complements and punctured torus bundles, on the one hand, and mapping cylinders associated with mapping class group transformations, on the other. A generalization of mapping class group actions further allows us to study the transformations between several distinguished coordinate systems on the phase space of Chern-Simons theory, the SL(2) Hitchin moduli space.

Toward garnet electrolyte–based Li metal batteries: An ultrathin, highly effective, artificial solid-state electrolyte/metallic Li interface

PubMed Central

Fu, Kun (Kelvin); Gong, Yunhui; Liu, Boyang; Zhu, Yizhou; Xu, Shaomao; Yao, Yonggang; Luo, Wei; Wang, Chengwei; Lacey, Steven D.; Dai, Jiaqi; Chen, Yanan; Mo, Yifei; Wachsman, Eric; Hu, Liangbing

2017-01-01

Solid-state batteries are a promising option toward high energy and power densities due to the use of lithium (Li) metal as an anode. Among all solid electrolyte materials ranging from sulfides to oxides and oxynitrides, cubic garnet–type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) ceramic electrolytes are superior candidates because of their high ionic conductivity (10−3 to 10−4 S/cm) and good stability against Li metal. However, garnet solid electrolytes generally have poor contact with Li metal, which causes high resistance and uneven current distribution at the interface. To address this challenge, we demonstrate a strategy to engineer the garnet solid electrolyte and the Li metal interface by forming an intermediary Li-metal alloy, which changes the wettability of the garnet surface (lithiophobic to lithiophilic) and reduces the interface resistance by more than an order of magnitude: 950 ohm·cm2 for the pristine garnet/Li and 75 ohm·cm2 for the surface-engineered garnet/Li. Li7La2.75Ca0.25Zr1.75Nb0.25O12 (LLCZN) was selected as the solid-state electrolyte (SSE) in this work because of its low sintering temperature, stabilized cubic garnet phase, and high ionic conductivity. This low area-specific resistance enables a solid-state garnet SSE/Li metal configuration and promotes the development of a hybrid electrolyte system. The hybrid system uses the improved solid-state garnet SSE Li metal anode and a thin liquid electrolyte cathode interfacial layer. This work provides new ways to address the garnet SSE wetting issue against Li and get more stable cell performances based on the hybrid electrolyte system for Li-ion, Li-sulfur, and Li-oxygen batteries toward the next generation of Li metal batteries. PMID:28435874

A stress-constrained geodetic inversion method for spatiotemporal slip of a slow slip event with earthquake swarm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hirose, H.; Tanaka, T.

2017-12-01

Geodetic inversions have been performed by using GNSS data and/or tiltmeter data in order to estimate spatio-temporal fault slip distributions. They have been applied for slow slip events (SSEs), which are episodic fault slip lasting for days to years (e.g., Ozawa et al., 2001; Hirose et al., 2014). Although their slip distributions are important information in terms of inferring strain budget and frictional characteristics on a subduction plate interface, inhomogeneous station coverage generally yields spatially non-uniform slip resolution, and in a worse case, a slip distribution can not be recovered. It is known that an SSE which accompanies an earthquake swarm around the SSE slip area, such as the Boso Peninsula SSEs (e.g., Hirose et al., 2014). Some researchers hypothesize that these earthquakes are triggered by a stress change caused by the accompanying SSE (e.g., Segall et al., 2006). Based on this assumption, it is possible that a conventional geodetic inversion which impose a constraint on the stress change that promotes earthquake activities may improve the resolution of the slip distribution. Here we develop an inversion method based on the Network Inversion Filter technique (Segall and Matthews, 1997), incorporating a constraint on a positive change in Coulomb failure stress (Delta-CFS) at the accompanied earthquakes. In addition, we apply this new method to synthetic data in order to check the effectiveness of the method and the characteristics of the inverted slip distributions. The results show that there is a case in which the reproduction of a slip distribution is better with earthquake information than without it. That is, it is possible to improve the reproducibility of a slip distribution of an SSE with this new inversion method if an earthquake catalog for the accompanying earthquake activity can be used when available geodetic data are insufficient.

Toward garnet electrolyte–based Li metal batteries: An ultrathin, highly effective, artificial solid-state electrolyte/metallic Li interface

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fu, Kun; Gong, Yunhui; Liu, Boyang

Solid-state batteries are a promising option toward high energy and power densities due to the use of lithium (Li) metal as an anode. Among all solid electrolyte materials ranging from sulfides to oxides and oxynitrides, cubic garnet–type Li 7La 3Zr 2O 12 (LLZO) ceramic electrolytes are superior candidates because of their high ionic conductivity (10 -3 to 10 -4 S/cm) and good stability against Li metal. However, garnet solid electrolytes generally have poor contact with Li metal, which causes high resistance and uneven current distribution at the interface. To address this challenge, we demonstrate a strategy to engineer the garnetmore » solid electrolyte and the Li metal interface by forming an intermediary Li-metal alloy, which changes the wettability of the garnet surface (lithiophobic to lithiophilic) and reduces the interface resistance by more than an order of magnitude: 950 ohm·cm2 for the pristine garnet/Li and 75 ohm·cm 2 for the surface-engineered garnet/Li. Li 7La 2.75Ca 0.25Zr 1.75Nb 0.25O 12 (LLCZN) was selected as the solid-state electrolyte (SSE) in this work because of its low sintering temperature, stabilized cubic garnet phase, and high ionic conductivity. This low area-specific resistance enables a solid-state garnet SSE/Li metal configuration and promotes the development of a hybrid electrolyte system. The hybrid system uses the improved solid-state garnet SSE Li metal anode and a thin liquid electrolyte cathode interfacial layer. This work provides new ways to address the garnet SSE wetting issue against Li and get more stable cell performances based on the hybrid electrolyte system for Li-ion, Li-sulfur, and Li-oxygen batteries toward the next generation of Li metal batteries.« less

Toward garnet electrolyte–based Li metal batteries: An ultrathin, highly effective, artificial solid-state electrolyte/metallic Li interface

DOE PAGES

Fu, Kun; Gong, Yunhui; Liu, Boyang; ...

2017-04-07

Solid-state batteries are a promising option toward high energy and power densities due to the use of lithium (Li) metal as an anode. Among all solid electrolyte materials ranging from sulfides to oxides and oxynitrides, cubic garnet–type Li 7La 3Zr 2O 12 (LLZO) ceramic electrolytes are superior candidates because of their high ionic conductivity (10 -3 to 10 -4 S/cm) and good stability against Li metal. However, garnet solid electrolytes generally have poor contact with Li metal, which causes high resistance and uneven current distribution at the interface. To address this challenge, we demonstrate a strategy to engineer the garnetmore » solid electrolyte and the Li metal interface by forming an intermediary Li-metal alloy, which changes the wettability of the garnet surface (lithiophobic to lithiophilic) and reduces the interface resistance by more than an order of magnitude: 950 ohm·cm2 for the pristine garnet/Li and 75 ohm·cm 2 for the surface-engineered garnet/Li. Li 7La 2.75Ca 0.25Zr 1.75Nb 0.25O 12 (LLCZN) was selected as the solid-state electrolyte (SSE) in this work because of its low sintering temperature, stabilized cubic garnet phase, and high ionic conductivity. This low area-specific resistance enables a solid-state garnet SSE/Li metal configuration and promotes the development of a hybrid electrolyte system. The hybrid system uses the improved solid-state garnet SSE Li metal anode and a thin liquid electrolyte cathode interfacial layer. This work provides new ways to address the garnet SSE wetting issue against Li and get more stable cell performances based on the hybrid electrolyte system for Li-ion, Li-sulfur, and Li-oxygen batteries toward the next generation of Li metal batteries.« less

Do Pattern-Focused Visuals Improve Skin Self-Examination Performance? Explicating the Visual Skill Acquisition Model

PubMed Central

JOHN, KEVIN K.; JENSEN, JAKOB D.; KING, ANDY J.; RATCLIFF, CHELSEA L.; GROSSMAN, DOUGLAS

2017-01-01

Skin self-examination (SSE) consists of routinely checking the body for atypical moles that might be cancerous. Identifying atypical moles is a visual task; thus, SSE training materials utilize pattern-focused visuals to cultivate this skill. Despite widespread use, researchers have yet to explicate how pattern-focused visuals cultivate visual skill. Using eye tracking to capture the visual scanpaths of a sample of laypersons (N = 92), the current study employed a 2 (pattern: ABCDE vs. ugly duckling sign [UDS]) × 2 (presentation: photorealistic images vs. illustrations) factorial design to assess whether and how pattern-focused visuals can increase layperson accuracy in identifying atypical moles. Overall, illustrations resulted in greater sensitivity, while photos resulted in greater specificity. The UDS × photorealistic condition showed greatest specificity. For those in the photo condition with high self-efficacy, UDS increased specificity directly. For those in the photo condition with self-efficacy levels at the mean or lower, there was a conditional indirect effect such that these individuals spent a larger amount of their viewing time observing the atypical moles, and time on target was positively related to specificity. Illustrations provided significant gains in specificity for those with low-to-moderate self-efficacy by increasing total fixation time on the atypical moles. Findings suggest that maximizing visual processing efficiency could enhance existing SSE training techniques. PMID:28759333

A Second Look at Brian Simon's "Bending the Rules"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cox, Sue

2016-01-01

In this article the author revisits an important book: Brian Simon's "Bending the Rules: the Baker reform of education." Written by a key figure in the history of the journal FORUM as well as in the history of education, Simon's book documented the features of the Education Reform Bill of 1987 (the precursor to the Education Reform Act…

The Application of Herbert Simon's Theory of Analyzing Social Movements to Women's Liberation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greer, Dean William

The method developed by Herbert Simon to study social movements through analysis of leadership is divided into (a) rhetorical requirements, (b) rhetorical problems, and (c) rhetorical strategies. The author contends that for movement studies in general, Simon does provide a good outline and guide for use by the rhetorician, but that it is…

Teaching as Goal-Less and Reflective Design: A Conversation with Herbert A. Simon and Donald Schon

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Go, Johnny C.

2012-01-01

This paper examines Donald Schon's critique of Herbert Simon's "science of design" to determine whether later developments in Simon's thought--particularly, his theories of "bounded rationality" and "goal-less designing"--can contribute to an appreciation of Schon's notion of reflective practice. The paper then argues, that viewed through the…

Neglected Women Historians: The Case of Joan Simon

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Jane

2014-01-01

Joan Simon (née Peel, 1915-2005) was the life-long partner of Brian Simon who helped launch FORUM in September 1958. Like Brian, she embraced a Communist outlook and engagement in the area of education. Unlike Brian, she practiced the historian's craft outside the male academic hierarchy. Based on newly available personal papers this study…

Gift of $750-Million in Art to UCLA Would Be Biggest in American Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Desruisseaux, Paul

1987-01-01

An "agreement in principle" outlines a plan for the transfer of the art collections owned by the Norton Simon Foundation and the Norton Simon Art Foundation to UCLA, which would assume responsibility for operating the Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, where much of the art is now exhibited. (MLW)

Why We Need Neil Simon's Lost in Yonkers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coates, Nathan

2005-01-01

Nathan Coates, a high school teacher, describes the necessity of comedy in classrooms and also offers many points of discussion for approaching Neil Simon's play. Neil Simon's "Lost in Yonkers", which has won the Tony Award for the best play and the Pulitzer Award, both in 1991, tackles the toughest problems with the delicacy of a…

33 CFR 80.717 - Tybee Island, GA to St. Simons Island, GA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Tybee Island, GA to St. Simons..., GA to St. Simons Island, GA. (a) A line drawn from the southernmost extremity of Savannah Beach on....4′ W.) drawn from the southernmost extremity of Ossabaw Island to St. Catherines Island. (e) A north...

"Simon Says": A Response from Two Nineteenth-Century Educators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hirsch, Pam; McBeth, Mark

2004-01-01

Writing in the early 1980s in his essay "Why no pedagogy in England?", Brian Simon alleged that "The dominant educational institutions of this country have had no concern with theory, its relation to practice, with pedagogy", and, as a result, pedagogy was regarded as "either undesirable or impossible of achievement". In Simon's essay he composes…

Outsourcing Wars: Comparing Risk, Benefits and Motivation of Contractors and Military Personnel in Iraq and Afghanistan (2009-2011)

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-01

Cary Simon Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK i REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE...Advisor _____________________________________ Cary Simon, Support Advisor _____________________________________ William R...International Development xv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Professor Kathryn Aten and Professor Cary Simon - I want to express my deepest gratitude to you for being

A Response to Shelby Gilbert's "A Study of Ogbu and Simons' Thesis"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hawkins, C. Matthew

2009-01-01

This article responds to Shelby Gilbert's "A Study of Ogbu and Simon's Thesis." The author begins by saying that he thinks that this study of examining Ogbu and Simons' thesis (to investigate school performance of Black immigrant and non-immigrant students in the United States) makes a thought-provoking contribution to overall discussions…

Extraordinary SEAWs under influence of the spin-spin interaction and the quantum Bohm potential

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andreev, Pavel A.

2018-06-01

The separate spin evolution (SSE) of electrons causes the existence of the spin-electron acoustic wave. Extraordinary spin-electron acoustic waves (SEAWs) propagating perpendicular to the external magnetic field have a large contribution of the transverse electric field. Its spectrum has been studied in the quasi-classical limit at the consideration of the separate spin evolution. The spin-spin interaction and the quantum Bohm potential give contribution in the spectrum extraordinary SEAWs. This contribution is studied in this paper. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the spin-spin interaction leads to the existence of the extraordinary SEAWs if the SSE is neglected. It has been found that the SSE causes the instability of the extraordinary SEAW at the large wavelengths, but the quantum Bohm potential leads to the full stabilization of the spectrum.

Level/rank duality and Chern-Simons-matter theories

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hsin, Po-Shen; Seiberg, Nathan

We discuss in detail level/rank duality in three-dimensional Chern-Simons theories and various related dualities in three-dimensional Chern-Simons-matter theories. We couple the dual Lagrangians to appropriate background fields (including gauge fields, spin c connections and the metric). The non-trivial maps between the currents and the line operators in the dual theories is accounted for by mixing of these fields. In order for the duality to be valid we must add finite counterterms depending on these background fields. This analysis allows us to resolve a number of puzzles with these dualities, to provide derivations of some of them, and to find newmore » consistency conditions and relations between them. In addition, we find new level/rank dualities of topological Chern-Simons theories and new dualities of Chern-Simons-matter theories, including new boson/boson and fermion/fermion dualities.« less

Level/rank duality and Chern-Simons-matter theories

DOE PAGES

Hsin, Po-Shen; Seiberg, Nathan

2016-09-16

We discuss in detail level/rank duality in three-dimensional Chern-Simons theories and various related dualities in three-dimensional Chern-Simons-matter theories. We couple the dual Lagrangians to appropriate background fields (including gauge fields, spin c connections and the metric). The non-trivial maps between the currents and the line operators in the dual theories is accounted for by mixing of these fields. In order for the duality to be valid we must add finite counterterms depending on these background fields. This analysis allows us to resolve a number of puzzles with these dualities, to provide derivations of some of them, and to find newmore » consistency conditions and relations between them. In addition, we find new level/rank dualities of topological Chern-Simons theories and new dualities of Chern-Simons-matter theories, including new boson/boson and fermion/fermion dualities.« less

Inference for Stochastic Chemical Kinetics Using Moment Equations and System Size Expansion.

PubMed

Fröhlich, Fabian; Thomas, Philipp; Kazeroonian, Atefeh; Theis, Fabian J; Grima, Ramon; Hasenauer, Jan

2016-07-01

Quantitative mechanistic models are valuable tools for disentangling biochemical pathways and for achieving a comprehensive understanding of biological systems. However, to be quantitative the parameters of these models have to be estimated from experimental data. In the presence of significant stochastic fluctuations this is a challenging task as stochastic simulations are usually too time-consuming and a macroscopic description using reaction rate equations (RREs) is no longer accurate. In this manuscript, we therefore consider moment-closure approximation (MA) and the system size expansion (SSE), which approximate the statistical moments of stochastic processes and tend to be more precise than macroscopic descriptions. We introduce gradient-based parameter optimization methods and uncertainty analysis methods for MA and SSE. Efficiency and reliability of the methods are assessed using simulation examples as well as by an application to data for Epo-induced JAK/STAT signaling. The application revealed that even if merely population-average data are available, MA and SSE improve parameter identifiability in comparison to RRE. Furthermore, the simulation examples revealed that the resulting estimates are more reliable for an intermediate volume regime. In this regime the estimation error is reduced and we propose methods to determine the regime boundaries. These results illustrate that inference using MA and SSE is feasible and possesses a high sensitivity.

Inference for Stochastic Chemical Kinetics Using Moment Equations and System Size Expansion

PubMed Central

Thomas, Philipp; Kazeroonian, Atefeh; Theis, Fabian J.; Grima, Ramon; Hasenauer, Jan

2016-01-01

Quantitative mechanistic models are valuable tools for disentangling biochemical pathways and for achieving a comprehensive understanding of biological systems. However, to be quantitative the parameters of these models have to be estimated from experimental data. In the presence of significant stochastic fluctuations this is a challenging task as stochastic simulations are usually too time-consuming and a macroscopic description using reaction rate equations (RREs) is no longer accurate. In this manuscript, we therefore consider moment-closure approximation (MA) and the system size expansion (SSE), which approximate the statistical moments of stochastic processes and tend to be more precise than macroscopic descriptions. We introduce gradient-based parameter optimization methods and uncertainty analysis methods for MA and SSE. Efficiency and reliability of the methods are assessed using simulation examples as well as by an application to data for Epo-induced JAK/STAT signaling. The application revealed that even if merely population-average data are available, MA and SSE improve parameter identifiability in comparison to RRE. Furthermore, the simulation examples revealed that the resulting estimates are more reliable for an intermediate volume regime. In this regime the estimation error is reduced and we propose methods to determine the regime boundaries. These results illustrate that inference using MA and SSE is feasible and possesses a high sensitivity. PMID:27447730

Commentary on Simon and Lichten's "Defining Mental Retardation: A Matter of Life and Death"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bellini, James

2007-01-01

This article presents the author's comments on Simon and Lichten's "Defining Mental Retardation: A Matter of Life and Death." Lichten and Simon (2007) argued for the use of a Total Quotient (TQ) that combines existing IQ and adaptive functioning scores into a single index. They proposed that the TQ index will improve the accuracy of mental…

46 CFR 7.80 - Tybee Island, GA to St. Simons Island, GA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Tybee Island south of the entrance to Buck Hammock Creek. (b) A line drawn from the southernmost... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Tybee Island, GA to St. Simons Island, GA. 7.80 Section... BOUNDARY LINES Atlantic Coast § 7.80 Tybee Island, GA to St. Simons Island, GA. (a) A line drawn from the...

46 CFR 7.80 - Tybee Island, GA to St. Simons Island, GA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Tybee Island south of the entrance to Buck Hammock Creek. (b) A line drawn from the southernmost... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Tybee Island, GA to St. Simons Island, GA. 7.80 Section... BOUNDARY LINES Atlantic Coast § 7.80 Tybee Island, GA to St. Simons Island, GA. (a) A line drawn from the...

46 CFR 7.80 - Tybee Island, GA to St. Simons Island, GA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Tybee Island south of the entrance to Buck Hammock Creek. (b) A line drawn from the southernmost... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Tybee Island, GA to St. Simons Island, GA. 7.80 Section... BOUNDARY LINES Atlantic Coast § 7.80 Tybee Island, GA to St. Simons Island, GA. (a) A line drawn from the...

46 CFR 7.80 - Tybee Island, GA to St. Simons Island, GA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Tybee Island south of the entrance to Buck Hammock Creek. (b) A line drawn from the southernmost... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Tybee Island, GA to St. Simons Island, GA. 7.80 Section... BOUNDARY LINES Atlantic Coast § 7.80 Tybee Island, GA to St. Simons Island, GA. (a) A line drawn from the...

SIMON: Integration of mobility and parking solutions for people with disabilities.

PubMed

Ferreras, Alberto; Barberà, Ricard; Durá-Gil, Juan Vicente; Solaz, José; Muñoz, Eva María; Serrano, Manuel; Marqués, Antonio

2015-01-01

Mobility and parking in urban areas are often difficult for people with disabilities. Obstacles include lack of accessible information on routes, transport alternatives and parking availability, as well as fraud in the use of the specific services intended for these citizens. The SIMON project aims to improve this situation through the integration of different ICT solutions. SIMON is enhancing the European Parking Card for disable people with contactless technologies and integrates mobile solutions to support user unique identification in existing parking areas whilst preserving privacy. SIMON will also promote better mobility solutions for mobility including information, navigation and access to restricted areas.

Z' portal to Chern-Simons Dark Matter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arcadi, Giorgio; Ghosh, Pradipta; Mambrini, Yann; Pierre, Mathias; Queiroz, Farinaldo S.

2017-11-01

We study the phenomenological credibility of a vectorial dark matter, coupled to a Z' portal through Chern-Simons interaction. We scrutinize two possibilities of connecting a Z' with the Standard Model: (1) through kinetic mixing and (2) from a second Chern-Simons interaction. Both scenarios are characterized by suppressed nuclear recoil scatterings, rendering direct detection searches not promising. Indirect detection experiments, on the other hand, furnish complementary limits for TeV scale masses, specially with the CTA. Searches for mono-jet and dileptons signals at the LHC are important to partially probe the kinetic mixing setup. Finally we propose an UV completion of the Chern-Simons Dark Matter framework.

Comment on "Valence state of titanium in the Wark-Lovering rim of a Leoville CAI as a record of progressive oxidation in the early Solar Nebula" by K.A. Dyl, J.I. Simon and E.D. Young

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Simon, S B; Grossman, L; Sutton, S R

2012-05-29

Dyl et al. (2011) state that their results confirm the conclusion of J. Simon et al. (2005) that the pyroxene in Wark-Lovering rims (Wark and Lovering, 1977) found on Ca-, Al-rich refractory inclusions has lower Ti 3+/Ti tot ratios than the primary pyroxene in the interiors of inclusions. While true, the claim is misleading because J. Simon et al. (2005) concluded that there was no Ti 3+ in the rims, whereas Dyl et al. (2011) found Ti 3+ in 41 of 42 new rim analyses. In addition, J. Simon et al. (2005) concluded that rims formed under much more oxidizingmore » conditions, log fO 2 ≥ IW-1, or ≥ 6-7 log units higher, than inclusion interiors. The conclusions of J. Simon et al. (2005) were disputed by S. Simon et al. (2007) and are not supported by the new data of Dyl et al. (2011). The present work is intended for clarification of this and other issues.« less

I-Love-Q relations for neutron stars in dynamical Chern Simons gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gupta, Toral; Majumder, Barun; Yagi, Kent; Yunes, Nicolás

2018-01-01

Neutron stars are ideal to probe, not only nuclear physics, but also strong-field gravity. Approximate universal relations insensitive to the star’s internal structure exist among certain observables and are useful in testing general relativity, as they project out the uncertainties in the equation of state. One such set of universal relations between the moment of inertia (I), the tidal Love number and the quadrupole moment (Q) has been studied both in general relativity and in modified theories. In this paper, we study the relations in dynamical Chern–Simons gravity, a well-motivated, parity-violating effective field theory, extending previous work in various ways. First, we study how projected constraints on the theory using the I-Love relation depend on the measurement accuracy of I with radio observations and that of the Love number with gravitational-wave observations. Provided these quantities can be measured with future observations, we find that the latter could place bounds on dynamical Chern–Simons gravity that are six orders of magnitude stronger than current bounds. Second, we study the I–Q and Q-Love relations in this theory by constructing slowly-rotating neutron star solutions to quadratic order in spin. We find that the approximate universality continues to hold in dynamical Chern–Simons gravity, and in fact, it becomes stronger than in general relativity, although its existence depends on the normalization of the dimensional coupling constant of the theory. Finally, we study the variation of the eccentricity of isodensity contours inside a star and its relation to the degree of universality. We find that, in most cases, the eccentricity variation is smaller in dynamical Chern–Simons gravity than in general relativity, providing further support to the idea that the approximate self-similarity of isodensity contours is responsible for universality.

Perceptions of the School Self-Evaluation Process: The Case of Abu Dhabi

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blaik Hourani, Rida; Litz, David

2016-01-01

The Abu Dhabi Education Council (ADEC) has initiated educational change and school improvements. As part of the school reform agenda, ADEC has introduced school self-evaluation-Irtiqaa (SSE-Irtiqaa). This research probes the effectiveness of school administrators (SAs), including principals, vice principals, academic principals, and heads of…

Precursory slow-slip loaded the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake sequence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borghi, A.; Aoudia, A.; Javed, F.; Barzaghi, R.

2016-05-01

Slow-slip events (SSEs) are common at subduction zone faults where large mega earthquakes occur. We report here that one of the best-recorded moderate size continental earthquake, the 2009 April 6 moment magnitude (Mw) 6.3 L'Aquila (Italy) earthquake, was preceded by a 5.9 Mw SSE that originated from the decollement beneath the reactivated normal faulting system. The SSE is identified from a rigorous analysis of continuous GPS stations and occurred on the 12 February and lasted for almost two weeks. It coincided with a burst in the foreshock activity with small repeating earthquakes migrating towards the main-shock hypocentre as well as with a change in the elastic properties of rocks in the fault region. The SSE has caused substantial stress loading at seismogenic depths where the magnitude 4.0 foreshock and Mw 6.3 main shock nucleated. This stress loading is also spatially correlated with the lateral extent of the aftershock sequence.

Orthogonal stimulus-response compatibility effects emerge even when the stimulus position is task irrelevant.

PubMed

Nishimura, Akio; Yokosawa, Kazuhiko

2006-06-01

The above-right/below-left mapping advantage with vertical stimuli and horizontal responses is known as the orthogonal stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) effect. We investigated whether the orthogonal SRC effect emerges with irrelevant stimulus dimensions. In Experiment 1, participants responded with a right or left key press to the colour of the stimulus presented above or below the fixation. We observed an above-right/below-left advantage (orthogonal Simon effect). In Experiment 2, we manipulated the polarity in the response dimension by varying the horizontal location of the response set. The orthogonal Simon effect decreased and even reversed as the left response code became more positive. This result provides evidence for the automatic activation of the positive and negative response codes by the corresponding positive and negative stimulus codes. These findings extended the orthogonal SRC effect based on coding asymmetry to an irrelevant stimulus dimension.

A People's History of Education: Brian Simon, the British Communist Party and "Studies in the History of Education, 1780-1870"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCulloch, Gary

2010-01-01

Brian Simon's "Studies in the History of Education", 1780-1870, published in 1960, set out to counter nearly all work previously produced on the history of education in Britain in this period, and to direct the field towards a new course. It provided a Marxist perspective that drew upon Simon's involvement in campaigns for educational…

Educating outside the Lines: Bard College at Simon's Rock on a "New Pedagogy" for the Twenty-First Century

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yanoshak, Nancy, Ed.

2011-01-01

Founded in 1966, and premised on the idea that motivated sixteen-year-olds are capable of college work, Bard College at Simon's Rock is an educational "experiment" from the sixties that has endured and prospered. "Educating Outside the Lines" looks at Simon's Rock as a pioneer of the early college movement that has begun to…

In Pursuit of Social Democracy: Shena Simon and the Reform of Secondary Education in England, 1938-1948

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ku, Hsiao-Yuh

2018-01-01

Shena Simon (1883-1972), a leading English socialist and educationist, actively called for the reform of secondary education in the 1930s and 1940s in order to bring the ideal of 'equality of opportunity' into the English educational system. This paper explores the continuity and changes in Simon's proposed reforms in relation to her ideals of…

Influence of sleep deprivation and auditory intensity on reaction time and response force.

PubMed

Włodarczyk, Dariusz; Jaśkowski, Piotr; Nowik, Agnieszka

2002-06-01

Arousal and activation are two variables supposed to underlie change in response force. This study was undertaken to explain these roles, specifically, for strong auditory stimuli and sleep deficit. Loud auditory stimuli can evoke phasic overarousal whereas sleep deficit leads to general underarousal. Moreover, Van der Molen and Keuss (1979, 1981) showed that paradoxically long reaction times occurred with extremely strong auditory stimuli when the task was difficult, e.g., choice reaction or Simon paradigm. It was argued that this paradoxical behavior related to reaction time is due to active disconnecting of the coupling between arousal and activation to prevent false responses. If so, we predicted that for extremely loud stimuli and for difficult tasks, the lengthening of reaction time should be associated with reduction of response force. The effects of loudness and sleep deficit on response time and force were investigated in three different tasks: simple response, choice response, and Simon paradigm. According to our expectation, we found a detrimental effect of sleep deficit on reaction time and on response force. In contrast to Van der Molen and Keuss, we found no increase in reaction time for loud stimuli (up to 110 dB) even on the Simon task.

Probing the effects of Lorentz-symmetry violating Chern-Simons and Ricci-Cotton terms in higher derivative gravity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pereira-Dias, B.; Hernaski, C. A.; Helayeel-Neto, J. A.

The combined effects of the Lorentz-symmetry violating Chern-Simons and Ricci-Cotton actions are investigated for the Einstein-Hilbert gravity in the second-order formalism modified by higher derivative terms, and their consequences on the spectrum of excitations are analyzed. We follow the lines of previous works and build up an orthonormal basis of projector-like operators for the degrees of freedom, rather than for the spin modes of the fields. With this new basis, the attainment of the propagators is remarkably simplified and the identification of the physical and unphysical modes becomes more immediate. Our conclusion is that the only tachyon- and ghost-free modelmore » is the Einstein-Hilbert action added up by the Chern-Simons term with a timelike vector of the type v{sup {mu}=}({mu},0-vector). Spectral consistency imposes that the Ricci-Cotton term must be switched off. We then infer that gravity with Lorentz-symmetry violation imposes a drastically different constraint on the background if compared to ordinary gauge theories whenever conditions for the suppression of tachyons and ghosts are imposed.« less

Early Detection of New Melanomas by Patients With Melanoma and Their Partners Using a Structured Skin Self-examination Skills Training Intervention

PubMed Central

Robinson, June K.; Wayne, Jeffrey D.; Martini, Mary C.; Hultgren, Brittney A.; Mallett, Kimberly A.; Turrisi, Rob

2017-01-01

IMPORTANCE More than 1 million patients with melanoma in the United States are at risk to develop a second primary melanoma. Early detection of melanoma improves survival. Patients with melanoma may be able to self-manage care with their skin-check partners (“partners”) and alert the physician when a concerning lesion is identified, thus providing an important adjunct to yearly skin examinations by a physician. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of a structured skin self-examination (SSE) intervention for patients with melanoma and their partners (“dyads”) on SSE performance and the detection of new melanomas by the dyad or the physician. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Randomized clinical trial with 24-month follow-up assessments. Patients with stage 0 to IIB melanoma and their skin-check partners participated from June 6, 2011, to April 24, 2015. INTERVENTIONS Dyads of patients and their partners were randomly assigned to receive the skills training intervention or customary care (control group). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was frequency of SSE performance. The secondary outcome was detection of a new or recurrent melanoma by the dyad or physician. The tertiary outcome was the number of unscheduled physician appointments for concerning lesions. RESULTS The study cohort comprised 494 participants. The patient population was 51.2% (253 of 494) female and had a mean (SD) age of 55 (10) years. Patients in the intervention arms had significantly increased SSEs with their partners at 4, 12, and 24 months (P < .001 for all) compared with the control group (mean differences, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.29–1.85], 0.72 [95% CI, 0.39–1.06], and 0.94 [95% CI, 0.58–1.30], respectively). Patients in the intervention arms identified new melanomas more than those in the control group ( χ12=28.77, P < .01 [n = 51 melanomas in situ] and χ12=6.43, P < .05 [n = 18 invasive melanomas]) and did not increase physician visits. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Patients with melanoma and their partners reliably performed SSE after participating in a structured skills training program lasting approximately 30 minutes, with reinforcement every 4 months by the study dermatologist. Accurate SSE by those at risk to develop melanoma may enhance early detection and relieve some of the burden on health services to provide continuing follow-up to a growing population of eligible patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01432860 PMID:27367303

Localization in abelian Chern-Simons theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McLellan, B. D. K.

2013-02-01

Chern-Simons theory on a closed contact three-manifold is studied when the Lie group for gauge transformations is compact, connected, and abelian. The abelian Chern-Simons partition function is derived using the Faddeev-Popov gauge fixing method. The partition function is then formally computed using the technique of non-abelian localization. This study leads to a natural identification of the abelian Reidemeister-Ray-Singer torsion as a specific multiple of the natural unit symplectic volume form on the moduli space of flat abelian connections for the class of Sasakian three-manifolds. The torsion part of the abelian Chern-Simons partition function is computed explicitly in terms of Seifert data for a given Sasakian three-manifold.

Identifying the relationship between feedback provided in computer-assisted instructional modules, science self-efficacy, and academic achievement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mazingo, Diann Etsuko

Feedback has been identified as a key variable in developing academic self-efficacy. The types of feedback can vary from a traditional, objectivist approach that focuses on minimizing learner errors to a more constructivist approach, focusing on facilitating understanding. The influx of computer-based courses, whether online or through a series of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) modules require that the current research of effective feedback techniques in the classroom be extended to computer environments in order to impact their instructional design. In this study, exposure to different types of feedback during a chemistry CAI module was studied in relation to science self-efficacy (SSE) and performance on an objective-driven assessment (ODA) of the chemistry concepts covered in the unit. The quantitative analysis consisted of two separate ANCOVAs on the dependent variables, using pretest as the covariate and group as the fixed factor. No significant differences were found for either variable between the three groups on adjusted posttest means for the ODA and SSE measures (.95F(2, 106) = 1.311, p = 0.274 and .95F(2, 106) = 1.080, p = 0.344, respectively). However, a mixed methods approach yielded valuable qualitative insights into why only one overall quantitative effect was observed. These findings are discussed in relation to the need to further refine the instruments and methods used in order to more fully explore the possibility that type of feedback might play a role in developing SSE, and consequently, improve academic performance in science. Future research building on this study may reveal significance that could impact instructional design practices for developing online and computer-based instruction.

Constraining slip distributions and onset of shallow slow slip in New Zealand by joint inversions of onshore and offshore geodetic data.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yohler, R. M.; Bartlow, N. M.; Wallace, L. M.; Williams, C. A.

2017-12-01

Investigation of slow slip events (SSEs) has become a useful tool for understanding plate boundary fault mechanics in subduction zones where the largest earthquakes occur. An area of specific importance is along the Hikurangi subduction zone in New Zealand, where repeating, known offshore and onshore slow slip patches have been identified since 2002 from the GeoNet cGPS array. Most models of offshore SSEs in New Zealand and elsewhere are solely constrained by these land-based cGPS arrays. This has led to models with poor resolution out near the trench of the subduction zone, where tsunami hazards are greatest. However, a year-long deployment of seafloor pressure sensors (titled "Hikurangi Ocean Bottom Investigation of Tremor and Slow Slip" (HOBITSS)) took place from mid-2014 to mid-2015 offshore of Gisborne, New Zealand and the northern Hikurangi subduction margin. In September 2014, a large SSE was recorded by the HOBITSS and onshore cGPS arrays which allowed for a slip model with better resolution near the trench [Wallace et al., Science, 2016]. Here we investigate the static and time-dependent slip distribution and propagation during the 2014 SSE by joint inversion of the HOBITSS ocean bottom pressure data and onshore cGPS data using the Network Inversion Filter (NIF). This inversion also incorporates more realistic elastic properties by generating Greens functions using the PyLith finite element code with material properties inferred from the New-Zealand wide seismic velocity model. The addition of the APG data and realistic elastic properties not only increased the slip amplitude during the SSE, but also suggests that the onset of the SSE is several days earlier than models predicted by only cGPS. Moreover, the addition of the APG data increased model resolution directly over the SSE by several cm. Additionally, we will also test ranges of possible slip distributions by using the moment bounding technique described in Johnson et al. 1994. While the NIF relies on smoothing parameters for a best fit model, this technique is free from smoothing constraints and will ultimately aid in understanding the range of SSE slip magnitudes that can be fit by the GPS and APG data.

Systematic detection of long-term slow slip events along Hyuga-nada to central Shikoku, Nankai subduction zone, using GNSS data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takagi, R.; Obara, K.; Uchida, N.

2017-12-01

Understanding slow earthquake activity improves our knowledge of slip behavior in brittle-ductile transition zone and subduction process including megathrust earthquakes. In order to understand overall picture of slow slip activity, it is important to make a comprehensive catalog of slow slip events (SSEs). Although short-term SSEs have been detected by GNSS and tilt meter records systematically, analysis of long-term slow slip events relies on individual slip inversions. We develop an algorism to systematically detect long-term SSEs and estimate source parameters of the SSEs using GNSS data. The algorism is similar to GRiD-MT (Tsuruoka et al., 2009), which is grid-based automatic determination of moment tensor solution. Instead of moment tensor fitting to long period seismic records, we estimate parameters of a single rectangle fault to fit GNSS displacement time series. First, we make a two dimensional grid covering possible location of SSE. Second, we estimate best-fit parameters (length, width, slip, and rake) of the rectangle fault at each grid point by an iterative damped least square method. Depth, strike, and dip are fixed on the plate boundary. Ramp function with duration of 300 days is used for expressing time evolution of the fault slip. Third, a grid maximizing variance reduction is selected as a candidate of long-term SSE. We also search onset of ramp function based on the grid search. We applied the method to GNSS data in southwest Japan to detect long-term SSEs in Nankai subduction zone. With current selection criteria, we found 13 events with Mw6.2-6.9 in Hyuga-nada, Bungo channel, and central Shikoku from 1998 to 2015, which include unreported events. Key finding is along strike migrations of long-term SSEs from Hyuga-nada to Bungo channel and from Bungo channel to central Shikoku. In particular, three successive events migrating northward in Hyuga-nada preceded the 2003 Bungo channel SSE, and one event in central Shikoku followed the 2003 SSE in Bungo channel. The space-time dimensions of the possible along-strike migration are about 300km in length and 6 years in time. Systematic detection with assumptions of various durations in the time evolution of SSE may improve the picture of SSE activity and possible interaction with neighboring SSEs.

Chern-Simons-matter dualities with SO and USp gauge groups

DOE PAGES

Aharony, Ofer; Benini, Francesco; Hsin, Po -Shen; ...

2017-02-14

In the last few years several dualities were found between the low-energy behaviors of Chern-Simons-matter theories with unitary gauge groups coupled to scalars, and similar theories coupled to fermions. In this paper we generalize those dualities to orthogonal and symplectic gauge groups. In particular, we conjecture dualities between SO(N) k Chern-Simons theories coupled to N f real scalars in the fundamental representation, and SO(k)- N+N f /2 coupled to N f real (Majorana) fermions in the fundamental. For N f = 0 these are just level-rank dualities of pure Chern-Simons theories, whose precise form we clarify. They lead us tomore » propose new gapped boundary states of topological insulators and superconductors. As a result, for k = 1 we get an interesting low-energy duality between N f free Majorana fermions and an SO( N) 1 Chern-Simons theory coupled to N f scalar fields (with N f ≤ N-2).« less

Understanding Tumor Dormancy as a Means of Secondary Prevention

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-10-14

CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON USAMRMC a. REPORT Unclassified b. ABSTRACT Unclassified c ...Nearest Person month worked: 10 calendar month Contribution to project: Elvin Wagenblast has left CSHL. His effort will be replaced by Simon Knott ...beginning October 15, 2015 Name: Simon Knott Project Role: Post Doc Nearest Person month worked: 0 Contribution to project: Simon will be

Phase-Sensitive Quantum Optical Sensor

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-10

David Simon – 50% Olga Minaeva – 30 % Cristian Bonato – 20% (c) Name & FTE of Post Doctorates supported by this agreement NONE (d) Master’s Degrees...awarded Joshua Spitzberg David Simon (e) Name & FTE of Undergraduate Students supported by this agreement Andy Fraine (f) Name & FTE of Other Staff...supported by this agreement NONE (g) DEGREES AWARDED (a) Master’s Joshua Spitzberg David Simon (a) Doctoral Cristian Bonato Olga Minaeva (h) STUDENT

Pautas para Programas de Asesoramiento Gestional para Microempresas (Guidelines for Management Consulting Programs for Small-Scale Enterprise). Appropriate Technologies for Development. Peace Corps Information Collection & Exchange Manual Series No. M-27.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vaughan, Gary L.

Written in Spanish, this manual is designed to assist management consultants in working with small-scale entrepreneurs in developing countries. Addressed in an overview of the small-scale enterprise (SSE) are the role of the SSE in Third World development, problems of SSEs, and target firms. The second chapter deals with various forms of…

Surface meteorology and Solar Energy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stackhouse, Paul W. (Principal Investigator)

The Release 5.1 Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) data contains parameters formulated for assessing and designing renewable energy systems. Parameters fall under 11 categories including: Solar cooking, solar thermal applications, solar geometry, tilted solar panels, energy storage systems, surplus product storage systems, cloud information, temperature, wind, other meteorological factors, and supporting information. This latest release contains new parameters based on recommendations by the renewable energy industry and it is more accurate than previous releases. On-line plotting capabilities allow quick evaluation of potential renewable energy projects for any region of the world. The SSE data set is formulated from NASA satellite- and reanalysis-derived insolation and meteorological data for the 10-year period July 1983 through June 1993. Results are provided for 1 degree latitude by 1 degree longitude grid cells over the globe. Average daily and monthly measurements for 1195 World Radiation Data Centre ground sites are also available. [Mission Objectives] The SSE project contains insolation and meteorology data intended to aid in the development of renewable energy systems. Collaboration between SSE and technology industries such as the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables ( HOMER ) may aid in designing electric power systems that employ some combination of wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, or diesel generators to produce electricity. [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1983-07-01; Stop_Date=1993-06-30] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180].

Structural and Optical Studies of ZnCdSe/ZnSe/ZnMgSSe Separate Confinement Heterostructures with Different Buffer Layers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tu, Ru-Chin; Su, Yan-Kuin; Huang, Ying-Sheng; Chen, Giin-Sang; Chou, Shu-Tsun

1998-09-01

Detailed structural and optical studies of ZnCdSe/ZnSe/ZnMgSSe separate confinementheterostructures (SCH) grown on ZnSe, ZnSe/ZnSSe strained-layer superlattices (SLS),and GaAs buffer layers at the II VI/GaAs interface have been carried out by employingtransmission electron microscopy, variable temperature photoluminescence (PL), andcontactless electroreflectance (CER) measurements. A significant improvement onthe defect reduction and the optical quality has been observed by using either theZnSe/ZnSSe SLS or GaAs as the buffer layers when compared to that of the sample usingonly ZnSe as the buffer layer. However, the sample grown with the SLS buffer layersreveals a room temperature PL intensity higher than that of the sample grown witha GaAs buffer layer, which may still suffer from the great ionic differences betweenthe II V and III V atoms. Using 15 K CER spectra, we have also studied variousexcitonic transitions originating from strained Zn0.80Cd0.20Se/ZnSe single quantumwell in SCH with different buffer layers. An analysis of the CER spectra has ledto the identification of various excitonic transitions, mnH (L), between the mthconduction band state and the nth heavy (light)-hole band state. An excellentagreement between experiments and theoretical calculations based on the envelopefunction approximation model has been achieved.

Initial Ada components evaluation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moebes, Travis

1989-01-01

The SAIC has the responsibility for independent test and validation of the SSE. They have been using a mathematical functions library package implemented in Ada to test the SSE IV and V process. The library package consists of elementary mathematical functions and is both machine and accuracy independent. The SSE Ada components evaluation includes code complexity metrics based on Halstead's software science metrics and McCabe's measure of cyclomatic complexity. Halstead's metrics are based on the number of operators and operands on a logical unit of code and are compiled from the number of distinct operators, distinct operands, and total number of occurrences of operators and operands. These metrics give an indication of the physical size of a program in terms of operators and operands and are used diagnostically to point to potential problems. McCabe's Cyclomatic Complexity Metrics (CCM) are compiled from flow charts transformed to equivalent directed graphs. The CCM is a measure of the total number of linearly independent paths through the code's control structure. These metrics were computed for the Ada mathematical functions library using Software Automated Verification and Validation (SAVVAS), the SSE IV and V tool. A table with selected results was shown, indicating that most of these routines are of good quality. Thresholds for the Halstead measures indicate poor quality if the length metric exceeds 260 or difficulty is greater than 190. The McCabe CCM indicated a high quality of software products.

Recurrent slow slip event likely hastened by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake

PubMed Central

Hirose, Hitoshi; Kimura, Hisanori; Enescu, Bogdan; Aoi, Shin

2012-01-01

Slow slip events (SSEs) are another mode of fault deformation than the fast faulting of regular earthquakes. Such transient episodes have been observed at plate boundaries in a number of subduction zones around the globe. The SSEs near the Boso Peninsula, central Japan, are among the most documented SSEs, with the longest repeating history, of almost 30 y, and have a recurrence interval of 5 to 7 y. A remarkable characteristic of the slow slip episodes is the accompanying earthquake swarm activity. Our stable, long-term seismic observations enable us to detect SSEs using the recorded earthquake catalog, by considering an earthquake swarm as a proxy for a slow slip episode. Six recurrent episodes are identified in this way since 1982. The average duration of the SSE interoccurrence interval is 68 mo; however, there are significant fluctuations from this mean. While a regular cycle can be explained using a simple physical model, the mechanisms that are responsible for the observed fluctuations are poorly known. Here we show that the latest SSE in the Boso Peninsula was likely hastened by the stress transfer from the March 11, 2011 great Tohoku earthquake. Moreover, a similar mechanism accounts for the delay of an SSE in 1990 by a nearby earthquake. The low stress buildups and drops during the SSE cycle can explain the strong sensitivity of these SSEs to stress transfer from external sources. PMID:22949688

Sexual Self-Efficacy and Gender: A Review of Condom Use and Sexual Negotiation Among Young Men and Women in Sub-Saharan Africa.

PubMed

Closson, Kalysha; Dietrich, Janan J; Lachowsky, Nathan J; Nkala, Busiwe; Palmer, Alexis; Cui, Zishan; Beksinska, Mags; Smit, Jennifer A; Hogg, Robert S; Gray, Glenda; Miller, Cari L; Kaida, Angela

Sexual self-efficacy (SSE), one's perceived control of or confidence in the ability to perform a given sexual outcome, predicts sexual behavior; however, important questions remain regarding whether gender modifies observed associations. In a comprehensive review of peer-reviewed HIV-prevention literature focusing on youth (ages 10 to 25) in sub-Saharan Africa, we measured and assessed the influence of SSE on condom use and sexual refusal, overall and by gender. Our results, after reviewing 63 publications, show that SSE is inconsistently measured. Most studies measured condom use self-efficacy (CUSE) (96.8%) and/or sexual refusal self-efficacy (SRSE) (63.5%). On average, young men had higher CUSE than young women, while young women had higher SRSE than young men. While cross-sectional studies reported an association between high SSE and sexual behaviors, this association was not observed in interventions, particularly among young women who face a disproportionate risk of HIV acquisition. In all, 25% of intervention studies demonstrated that fostering CUSE increased condom use among young men only, and one of two studies demonstrated that higher SRSE led to reduced frequency of sexual activity for both men and women. Future research and HIV-prevention interventions must be gender targeted, consider improving CUSE for young men, and move beyond limited individual-level sexual behavior change frameworks.

Effect of Se addition on optical and electrical properties of chalcogenide CdSSe thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hassanien, A. S.; Akl, Alaa A.

2016-01-01

Compositional dependence of optical and electrical properties of chalcogenide CdSxSe1-x (0.4 ≥ x ≥ 0.0 at. %) thin films was studied. Cadmium sulphoselenide films were deposited by thermal evaporation technique at vacuum (8.2 × 10-4 Pa) onto preheated glass substrates (523 K). The evaporation rate and film thickness were kept constant at 2.50 nm/s and 375 ± 5 nm, respectively. X-ray diffractograms showed that, the deposited films have the low crystalline nature. Energy dispersive analysis by X-ray (EDAX) was used to check the compositional elements of deposited films. The absorption coefficient was determined from transmission and reflection measurements at room temperature in the wavelength range 300-2500 nm. Optical density, skin depth, optical energy gap and Urbach's parameters of CdSSe thin films have also been estimated. The direct optical energy gap decreased from 2.248 eV to 1.749 eV when the ratio of Se-content was increased from 0.60 to 1.00 . Conduction band and valance band positions were evaluated. The temperature dependence of dc-electrical resistivity in the temperature range (293-450 K) has been reported. Three conduction regions due to different conduction mechanisms were detected. Electrical sheet resistance, activation energy and pre-exponential parameters were discussed. The estimated values of optical and electrical parameters were strongly dependent upon the Se-content in CdSSe matrix.

Nanometer-Thick Yttrium Iron Garnet Film Development and Spintronics-Related Study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, Houchen

In the last decade, there has been a considerable interest in using yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12, YIG) materials for magnetic insulator-based spintronics studies. This interest derives from the fact that YIG materials have very low intrinsic damping. The development of YIG-based spintronics demands YIG films that have a thickness in the nanometer (nm) range and at the same time exhibit low damping similar to single-crystal YIG bulk materials. This dissertation reports comprehensive experimental studies on nm-thick YIG films by magnetron sputtering techniques. Optimization of sputtering control parameters and post-deposition annealing processes are discussed in detail. The feasibility of low-damping YIG nm-thick film growth via sputtering is demonstrated. A 22.3-nm-thick YIG film, for example, shows a Gilbert damping constant of less than 1.0 x 10-4. The demonstration is of great technological significance because sputtering is a thin film growth technique most widely used in industry. The spin Seebeck effect (SSE) refers to the generation of spin voltage in a ferromagnet (FM) due to a temperature gradient. The spin voltage can produce a pure spin current into a normal metal (NM) that is in contact with the FM. Various theoretical models have been proposed to interpret the SSE, although a complete understanding of the effect has not been realized yet. In this dissertation the study of the role of damping on the SSE in YIG thin films is conducted for the first time. With the thin film development method mentioned in the last paragraph, a series of YIG thin films showing very similar structural and static magnetic properties but rather different Gilbert damping values were prepared. A Pt capping layer was grown on each YIG film to probe the strength of the SSE. The experimental data show that the YIG films with a smaller intrinsic Gilbert damping shows a stronger SSE. The majority of the previous studies on YIG spintronics utilized YIG films that were grown on single-crystal Gd3Ga5O 12 (GGG) substrates first and then capped with either a thin NM layer or a thin topological insulator (TI) layer. The use of the GGG substrates is crucial in terms of realizing high-quality YIG films, because GGG not only has a crystalline structure almost perfectly matching that of YIG but is also extremely stable at high temperature in oxygen that is the condition needed for YIG crystallization. The feasibility of growing high-quality YIG thin films on Pt thin films is explored in this dissertation. This work is of great significance because it enables the fabrication of sandwich-like NM/YIG/NM or NM/YIG/TI structures. Such tri-layered structures will facilitate various interesting fundamental studies as well as device developments. The demonstration of a magnon-mediated electric current drag phenomenon is presented as an example for such tri-layered structures.

Synchronization sampling method based on delta-sigma analog-digital converter for underwater towed array system.

PubMed

Jiang, Jia-Jia; Duan, Fa-Jie; Li, Yan-Chao; Hua, Xiang-Ning

2014-03-01

Synchronization sampling is very important in underwater towed array system where every acquisition node (AN) samples analog signals by its own analog-digital converter (ADC). In this paper, a simple and effective synchronization sampling method is proposed to ensure synchronized operation among different ANs of the underwater towed array system. We first present a master-slave synchronization sampling model, and then design a high accuracy phase-locked loop to synchronize all delta-sigma ADCs to a reference clock. However, when the master-slave synchronization sampling model is used, both the time-delay (TD) of messages traveling along the wired transmission medium and the jitter of the clocks will bring out synchronization sampling error (SSE). Therefore, a simple method is proposed to estimate and compensate the TD of the messages transmission, and then another effective method is presented to overcome the SSE caused by the jitter of the clocks. An experimental system with three ANs is set up, and the related experimental results verify the validity of the synchronization sampling method proposed in this paper.

Synchronization sampling method based on delta-sigma analog-digital converter for underwater towed array system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Jia-Jia; Duan, Fa-Jie; Li, Yan-Chao; Hua, Xiang-Ning

2014-03-01

Synchronization sampling is very important in underwater towed array system where every acquisition node (AN) samples analog signals by its own analog-digital converter (ADC). In this paper, a simple and effective synchronization sampling method is proposed to ensure synchronized operation among different ANs of the underwater towed array system. We first present a master-slave synchronization sampling model, and then design a high accuracy phase-locked loop to synchronize all delta-sigma ADCs to a reference clock. However, when the master-slave synchronization sampling model is used, both the time-delay (TD) of messages traveling along the wired transmission medium and the jitter of the clocks will bring out synchronization sampling error (SSE). Therefore, a simple method is proposed to estimate and compensate the TD of the messages transmission, and then another effective method is presented to overcome the SSE caused by the jitter of the clocks. An experimental system with three ANs is set up, and the related experimental results verify the validity of the synchronization sampling method proposed in this paper.

Phytochemical Characteristics, Free Radical Scavenging Activities, and Neuroprotection of Five Medicinal Plant Extracts

PubMed Central

Chang, Chia Lin; Lin, Che San; Lai, Guia Hung

2012-01-01

The objective of this study was to determine phytochemical characteristics, chemiluminescence antioxidant capacities, and neuroprotective effects on PC12 cells for methanol extracts of Spatholobus suberectus, Uncaria rhynchophylla, Alpinia officinarum, Drynaria fortunei, and Crataegus pinnatifida. The C. pinnatifida extract (CPE) afforded the greatest yield and total phenolic content. The S. suberectus extract (SSE) yielded the greatest total flavonoid content. The U. rhynchophylla extract (URE) produced the greatest total tannin content, and the A. officinarum extract (AOE) produced the greatest total triterpenoid content. The D. fortunei extract, assayed using horseradish peroxidase-luminol-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and AOE using pyrogallol-luminol assay each exhibited better antioxidant activity than the L-ascorbic acid and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid did. The CPE, SSE, and URE presented neurogrowth effects and neuroprotective activities on H2O2-induced PC12 cell death at 0.5–5.0 μg/mL. The CPE represents a promising medicinal plant source for the treatment of H2O2-induced neurodegenerative disease, because of its useful phytochemical characteristics. PMID:21845204

46 CFR 7.80 - Tybee Island, GA to St. Simons Island, GA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Tybee Island, GA to St. Simons Island, GA. 7.80 Section... BOUNDARY LINES Atlantic Coast § 7.80 Tybee Island, GA to St. Simons Island, GA. (a) A line drawn from the...′ N. longitude 81°02.3′ W. (St. Catherines Sound Buoy “St. C.”); thence to latitude 31°31.2′ N...

Quantum Communication Using Macroscopic Phase Entangled States

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-10

distribution with entanglement witnessing”, Physical Review A, v. 89, 012315 (2014). • David Simon , Gregg Jaeger, and Alexander Sergienko ’’Quantum...8217’Entanglement sudden death: a threat to advanced quantum key distribution?’’, Natural Computing, .v. 13, pp. 459-467 (2014). • David Simon and Alexander...What in the (quantum) world is macroscopic?”, Am. J. Phys. 82, 896 (2014) • Gregg Jaeger, David Simon , and Alexander V. Sergienko”, Implications

How to resum perturbative series in 3d N =2 Chern-Simons matter theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Honda, Masazumi

2016-07-01

Continuing the work of Honda [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 211601 (2016)], we study the perturbative series in general 3d N =2 supersymmetric Chern-Simons matter theory with U (1 )R symmetry, which is given by a power series expansion of inverse Chern-Simons levels. We find that the perturbative series is usually non-Borel summable along a positive real axis for various observables. Alternatively, we prove that the perturbative series is always Borel summable along a negative (positive) imaginary axis for positive (negative) Chern-Simons levels. It turns out that the Borel resummations along this direction are the same as the exact results and, therefore, are correct ways of resumming the perturbative series.

Association of Skin Examination Behaviors and Thinner Nodular vs Superficial Spreading Melanoma at Diagnosis.

PubMed

Dessinioti, Clio; Geller, Alan C; Stergiopoulou, Aravella; Swetter, Susan M; Baltas, Eszter; Mayer, Jonathan E; Johnson, Timothy M; Talaganis, John; Trakatelli, Myrto; Tsoutsos, Dimitrios; Tsourouflis, Gerasimos; Stratigos, Alexander J

2018-04-18

Early melanoma detection strategies include skin self-examination (SSE), physician skin examination (PSE), and promotion of patient knowledge about skin cancer. To investigate the association of SSE, PSE, and patient attitudes with the detection of thinner superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) and nodular melanoma (NM), the latter of which tends to elude early detection. This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based, multicenter study identified patients with newly diagnosed cutaneous melanoma at 4 referral hospital centers in the United States, Greece, and Hungary. Among 920 patients with a primary invasive melanoma, 685 patients with SSM or NM subtype were included. A standardized questionnaire was used to record sociodemographic information, SSE and PSE practices, and patient perceptions in the year prior to diagnosis. Data were analyzed according to histologic thickness, with a 2-mm cutoff for thinner SSM and NM. Of 685 participants (mean [SD] age, 55.6 [15.1] years; 318 [46%] female), thinner melanoma was detected in 437 of 538 SSM (81%) and in 40 of 147 NM (27%). Patients who routinely performed SSE were more likely to be diagnosed with thinner SSM (odds ratio [OR], 2.61; 95% CI, 1.14-5.40) but not thinner NM (OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 0.84-6.80). Self-detected clinical warning signs (eg, elevation and onset of pain) were markers of thicker SSM and NM. Whole-body PSE was associated with a 2-fold increase in detection of thinner SSM (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.16-4.35) and thinner NM (OR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.05-6.82). Patient attitudes and perceptions focusing on increased interest in skin cancer were associated with the detection of thinner NM. Our findings underscore the importance of complementary practices by patients and physicians for the early detection of melanoma, including regular whole-body PSE, SSE, and increased patient awareness.

Directives Relatives a l'Elaboration de Programmes de Conseil en Gestion pour Petites Entreprises (Guidelines for Management Consulting Programs for Small-Scale Enterprise). Appropriate Technologies for Development. Peace Corps Information Collection & Exchange Manual Series No. M-29.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vaughan, Gary L.

Written in French, this manual is designed to assist management consultants in working with small-scale entrepreneurs in developing countries. Addressed in an overview of the small-scale enterprise (SSE) are the role of the SSE in Third World development, problems of SSEs, and target firms. The second chapter deals with various forms of management…

Mathematical model of solar radiation based on climatological data from NASA SSE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Obukhov, S. G.; Plotnikov, I. A.; Masolov, V. G.

2018-05-01

An original model of solar radiation arriving at the arbitrarily oriented surface has been developed. The peculiarity of the model is that it uses numerical values of the atmospheric transparency index and the surface albedo from the NASA SSE database as initial data. The model is developed in the MatLab/Simulink environment to predict the main characteristics of solar radiation for any geographical point in Russia, including those for territories with no regular actinometric observations.

Protecting Cryptographic Keys and Functions from Malware Attacks

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-01

registers. modifies RSA private key signing in OpenSSL to use the technique. The resulting system has the following features: 1. No special hardware is...the above method based on OpenSSL , by exploiting the Streaming SIMD Extension (SSE) XMM registers of modern Intel and AMD x86-compatible CPU’s [22...one can store a 2048-bit exponent.1 Our prototype is based on OpenSSL 0.9.8e, the Ubuntu 6.06 Linux distribution with a 2.6.15 kernel, and SSE2 which

Complex Chern-Simons from M5-branes on the squashed three-sphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Córdova, Clay; Jafferis, Daniel L.

2017-11-01

We derive an equivalence between the (2,0) superconformal M5-brane field theory dimensionally reduced on a squashed three-sphere, and Chern-Simons theory with complex gauge group. In the reduction, the massless fermions obtain an action which is second order in derivatives and are reinterpreted as ghosts for gauge fixing the emergent non-compact gauge symmetry. A squashing parameter in the geometry controls the imaginary part of the complex Chern-Simons level.

Higher spin Chern-Simons theory and the super Boussinesq hierarchy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gutperle, Michael; Li, Yi

2018-05-01

In this paper, we construct a map between a solution of supersymmetric Chern-Simons higher spin gravity based on the superalgebra sl(3|2) with Lifshitz scaling and the N = 2 super Boussinesq hierarchy. We show that under this map the time evolution equations of both theories coincide. In addition, we identify the Poisson structure of the Chern-Simons theory induced by gauge transformation with the second Hamiltonian structure of the super Boussinesq hierarchy.

Electromagnetic waves in a model with Chern-Simons potential.

PubMed

Pis'mak, D Yu; Pis'mak, Yu M; Wegner, F J

2015-07-01

We investigated the appearance of Chern-Simons terms in electrodynamics at the surface or interface of materials. The requirement of locality, gauge invariance, and renormalizability in this model is imposed. Scattering and reflection of electromagnetic waves in three different homogeneous layers of media is determined. Snell's law is preserved. However, the transmission and reflection coefficient depend on the strength of the Chern-Simons interaction (connected with Hall conductance), and parallel and perpendicular components are mixed.

Key parameters of the sediment surface morphodynamics in an estuary - An assessment of model solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sampath, D. M. R.; Boski, T.

2018-05-01

Large-scale geomorphological evolution of an estuarine system was simulated by means of a hybrid estuarine sedimentation model (HESM) applied to the Guadiana Estuary, in Southwest Iberia. The model simulates the decadal-scale morphodynamics of the system under environmental forcing, using a set of analytical solutions to simplified equations of tidal wave propagation in shallow waters, constrained by empirical knowledge of estuarine sedimentary dynamics and topography. The key controlling parameters of the model are bed friction (f), current velocity power of the erosion rate function (N), and sea-level rise rate. An assessment of sensitivity of the simulated sediment surface elevation (SSE) change to these controlling parameters was performed. The model predicted the spatial differentiation of accretion and erosion, the latter especially marked in the mudflats within mean sea level and low tide level and accretion was mainly in a subtidal channel. The average SSE change mutually depended on both the friction coefficient and power of the current velocity. Analysis of the average annual SSE change suggests that the state of intertidal and subtidal compartments of the estuarine system vary differently according to the dominant processes (erosion and accretion). As the Guadiana estuarine system shows dominant erosional behaviour in the context of sea-level rise and sediment supply reduction after the closure of the Alqueva Dam, the most plausible sets of parameter values for the Guadiana Estuary are N = 1.8 and f = 0.8f0, or N = 2 and f = f0, where f0 is the empirically estimated value. For these sets of parameter values, the relative errors in SSE change did not exceed ±20% in 73% of simulation cells in the studied area. Such a limit of accuracy can be acceptable for an idealized modelling of coastal evolution in response to uncertain sea-level rise scenarios in the context of reduced sediment supply due to flow regulation. Therefore, the idealized but cost-effective HESM model will be suitable for estimating the morphological impacts of sea-level rise on estuarine systems on a decadal timescale.

Exercises for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

PubMed

Romano, Michele; Minozzi, Silvia; Bettany-Saltikov, Josette; Zaina, Fabio; Chockalingam, Nachiappan; Kotwicki, Tomasz; Maier-Hennes, Axel; Negrini, Stefano

2012-08-15

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine . While AIS can progress during growth and cause a surface deformity, it is usually not symptomatic. However, in adulthood, if the final spinal curvature surpasses a certain critical threshold, the risk of health problems and curve progression is increased. The use of scoliosis-specific exercises (SSE) to reduce progression of AIS and postpone or avoid other more invasive treatments is controversial. To evaluate the efficacy of SSE in adolescent patients with AIS. The following databases (up to 30 March 2011) were searched with no language limitations: CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2011, issue 2), MEDLINE (from January 1966), EMBASE (from January 1980), CINHAL (from January 1982), SportDiscus (from January 1975), PsycInfo (from January 1887), PEDro (from January 1929). We screened reference lists of articles and also conducted an extensive handsearch of grey literature. Randomised controlled trials and prospective cohort studies with a control group comparing exercises with no treatment, other treatment, surgery, and different types of exercises. Two review authors independently selected studies, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. Two studies (154 participants) were included. There is low quality evidence from one randomised controlled study that exercises as an adjunctive to other conservative treatments increase the efficacy of these treatments (thoracic curve reduced: mean difference (MD) 9.00, (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.47 to 12.53); lumbar curve reduced:MD 8.00, (95% CI 5.08 to 10.92)). There is very low quality evidence from a prospective controlled cohort study that scoliosis-specific exercises structured within an exercise programme can reduce brace prescription (risk ratio (RR) 0.24, (95% CI 0.06 to1.04) as compared to usual physiotherapy (many different kinds of general exercises according to the preferences of the single therapists within different facilities). There is a lack of high quality evidence to recommend the use of SSE for AIS. One very low quality study suggested that these exercises may be more effective than electrostimulation, traction and postural training to avoid scoliosis progression, but better quality research needs to be conducted before the use of SSE can be recommended in clinical practice.

Teichmüller TQFT vs. Chern-Simons theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mikhaylov, Victor

2018-04-01

Teichmüller TQFT is a unitary 3d topological theory whose Hilbert spaces are spanned by Liouville conformal blocks. It is related but not identical to PSL(2, ℝ) Chern-Simons theory. To physicists, it is known in particular in the context of 3d-3d correspondence and also in the holographic description of Virasoro conformal blocks. We propose that this theory can be defined by an analytically-continued Chern-Simons path-integral with an unusual integration cycle. On hyperbolic three-manifolds, this cycle is singled out by the requirement of invertible vielbein. Mathematically, our proposal translates a known conjecture by Andersen and Kashaev into a conjecture about the Kapustin-Witten equations. We further explain that Teichmüller TQFT is dual to complex SL(2, ℂ) Chern-Simons theory at integer level k = 1, clarifying some puzzles previously encountered in the 3d-3d correspondence literature. We also present a new simple derivation of complex Chern-Simons theories from the 6d (2,0) theory on a lens space with a transversely-holomorphic foliation.

The genus Clubiona Latreille, 1904 (Araneae: Clubionidae) in the Maghreb, with notes on the genevensis group and new records from the Mediterranean Region.

PubMed

Bosmans, Robert; Henrard, Arnaud; Benhalima, Souâd; Kherbouche-Abrous, Ourida

2017-11-22

A survey of the members of the genus Clubiona Latreille, 1904 in the Maghreb is presented. The presence of Clubiona comta C. L. Koch, 1839, C. dinienis Simon, 1878, C. leucaspis Simon, 1932, C. phragmitis C. L. Koch 1843 and C. vegeta Simon, 1918 is confirmed. Clubiona pseudosimilis Mikhailov, 1990, from the eastern Mediterranean is new to Africa and Portugal. A specimen of C. neglecta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1862, cited from Morocco in the past, was misidentified and appears to be C. pseudoneglecta Wunderlich, 1994. The species is new to Algeria and Spain. Two new synonyms are revealed: Clubiona baborensis Denis, 1937 from Algeria = C. diniensis Simon, 1878 N. Syn. and Clubiona venusta Pavesi, 1880 from Tunisia = Selamia reticulata (Simon, 1870) N. Syn. Clubiona mandibularis Lucas, 1846 is considered a Nomen dubium. The comta group is redefined and the "genevensis subgroup" is elevated to species group, including two subgroups. A key and illustrations to the species of the genevensis group are presented and all the species occurring in the Maghreb are illustrated.

Arthur Simons (1877-1942) and Tonic Neck Reflexes With Hemiplegic "Mitbewegungen" (Associated Reactions): Cinematography From 1916-1919.

PubMed

Holdorff, Bernd

2016-01-01

Tonic neck reflexes were investigated by Rudolf Magnus and Adriaan de Kleijn in animals and men in 1912 and eventually by Arthur Simons, a neurologist in Berlin and coworker of Hermann Oppenheim. Simons studied these reflexes in hemiplegic patients, who were mainly victims of World War I. This work became his most important contribution and remained unsurpassed for many years. The film (Filmarchiv, Bundesarchiv [Film Archive, National Archive] Berlin) with Simons as an examiner shows 11 war casualties with brain lesions that occurred between 1916 and 1919. The injuries reveal asymmetric neck reflexes with "Mitbewegungen," that is, flexion or extension on the hemiplegic side. Mitbewegungen is identical with Francis Walshe's "associated reactions" caused by neck rotation and/or by cocontraction of the nonaffected extremities, for example, by closing of the fist (Walshe). The knowledge of the neck reflexes is important in acute neurology and in rehabilitation therapy of hemiplegics for antispastic positions. Simons' investigations were conducted in the early era of increasing use of cinematography in medical studies. The film had been nearly forgotten until its rediscovery in 2010.

Test-Retest Reliability of Measures Commonly Used to Measure Striatal Dysfunction across Multiple Testing Sessions: A Longitudinal Study.

PubMed

Palmer, Clare E; Langbehn, Douglas; Tabrizi, Sarah J; Papoutsi, Marina

2017-01-01

Cognitive impairment is common amongst many neurodegenerative movement disorders such as Huntington's disease (HD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) across multiple domains. There are many tasks available to assess different aspects of this dysfunction, however, it is imperative that these show high test-retest reliability if they are to be used to track disease progression or response to treatment in patient populations. Moreover, in order to ensure effects of practice across testing sessions are not misconstrued as clinical improvement in clinical trials, tasks which are particularly vulnerable to practice effects need to be highlighted. In this study we evaluated test-retest reliability in mean performance across three testing sessions of four tasks that are commonly used to measure cognitive dysfunction associated with striatal impairment: a combined Simon Stop-Signal Task; a modified emotion recognition task; a circle tracing task; and the trail making task. Practice effects were seen between sessions 1 and 2 across all tasks for the majority of dependent variables, particularly reaction time variables; some, but not all, diminished in the third session. Good test-retest reliability across all sessions was seen for the emotion recognition, circle tracing, and trail making test. The Simon interference effect and stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) from the combined-Simon-Stop-Signal task showed moderate test-retest reliability, however, the combined SSRT interference effect showed poor test-retest reliability. Our results emphasize the need to use control groups when tracking clinical progression or use pre-baseline training on tasks susceptible to practice effects.

Location-coding account versus affordance-activation account in handle-to-hand correspondence effects: Evidence of Simon-like effects based on the coding of action direction.

PubMed

Pellicano, Antonello; Koch, Iring; Binkofski, Ferdinand

2017-09-01

An increasing number of studies have shown a close link between perception and action, which is supposed to be responsible for the automatic activation of actions compatible with objects' properties, such as the orientation of their graspable parts. It has been observed that left and right hand responses to objects (e.g., cups) are faster and more accurate if the handle orientation corresponds to the response location than when it does not. Two alternative explanations have been proposed for this handle-to-hand correspondence effect : location coding and affordance activation. The aim of the present study was to provide disambiguating evidence on the origin of this effect by employing object sets for which the visually salient portion was separated from, and opposite to the graspable 1, and vice versa. Seven experiments were conducted employing both single objects and object pairs as visual stimuli to enhance the contextual information about objects' graspability and usability. Notwithstanding these manipulations intended to favor affordance activation, results fully supported the location-coding account displaying significant Simon-like effects that involved the orientation of the visually salient portion of the object stimulus and the location of the response. Crucially, we provided evidence of Simon-like effects based on higher-level cognitive, iconic representations of action directions rather than based on lower-level spatial coding of the pure position of protruding portions of the visual stimuli. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

Interim Safe Storage of Plutonium Production Reactors at the US DOE Hanford Site - 13438

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schilperoort, Daryl L.; Faulk, Darrin

2013-07-01

Nine plutonium production reactors located on DOE's Hanford Site are being placed into an Interim Safe Storage (ISS) period that extends to 2068. The Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for ISS [1] was completed in 1993 and proposed a 75-year storage period that began when the EIS was finalized. Remote electronic monitoring of the temperature and water level alarms inside the safe storage enclosure (SSE) with visual inspection inside the SSE every 5 years are the only planned operational activities during this ISS period. At the end of the ISS period, the reactor cores will be removed intact and buried inmore » a landfill on the Hanford Site. The ISS period allows for radioactive decay of isotopes, primarily Co-60 and Cs-137, to reduce the dose exposure during disposal of the reactor cores. Six of the nine reactors have been placed into ISS by having an SSE constructed around the reactor core. (authors)« less

The generalized Sellmeier equation for air

PubMed Central

Voronin, A. A.; Zheltikov, A. M.

2017-01-01

We present a compact, uniform generalized Sellmeier-equation (GSE) description of air refraction and its dispersion that remains highly accurate within an ultrabroad spectral range from the ultraviolet to the long-wavelength infrared. While the standard Sellmeier equation (SSE) for atmospheric air is not intended for the description of air refractivity in the mid-infrared and long-wavelength infrared, failing beyond, roughly 2.5 μm, our generalization of this equation is shown to agree remarkably well with full-scale air-refractivity calculations involving over half a million atmospheric absorption lines, providing a highly accurate description of air refractivity in the range of wavelengths from 0.3 to 13 μm. With its validity range being substantially broader than the applicability range of the SSE and its accuracy being at least an order of magnitude higher than the accuracy that the SSE can provide even within its validity range, the GSE-based approach offers a powerful analytical tool for the rapidly progressing mid- and long-wavelength-infrared optics of the atmosphere. PMID:28836624

Site selectivity on chalcogen atoms in superconducting La(O,F)BiSSe

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tanaka, Masashi, E-mail: Tanaka.Masashi@nims.go.jp; Matsushita, Yoshitaka; Fujioka, Masaya

2015-03-16

Single crystals of La(O,F)BiSSe were grown by using a CsCl flux method. Single crystal X-ray structural analysis reveals that the crystal structure is isostructural to the BiS{sub 2}- or BiSe{sub 2}-based compounds crystallizing with space group P4/nmm (lattice parameters a = 4.1110(2) Å, c = 13.6010(7) Å). However, the S atoms are selectively occupied at the apical site of the Bi-SSe pyramids in the superconducting layer. The single crystals show a superconducting transition at around 4.2 K in the magnetic susceptibility and resistivity measurements. The superconducting anisotropic parameter is determined to be 34–35 from its upper critical magnetic field. The anisotropy is in the same range withmore » that of other members of the La(O,F)BiCh{sub 2} (Ch = S, Se) family under ambient pressure.« less

Identification of Salmonella Typhimurium deubiquitinase SseL substrates by immunoaffinity enrichment and quantitative proteomic analysis

DOE PAGES

Nakayasu, Ernesto S.; Sydor, Michael A.; Brown, Roslyn N.; ...

2015-07-06

Ubiquitination is a key protein post-translational modification that regulates many important cellular pathways and whose levels are regulated by equilibrium between the activities of ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases. Here we present a method to identify specific deubiquitinase substrates based on treatment of cell lysates with recombinant enzymes, immunoaffinity purification and global quantitative proteomic analysis. As model system to identify substrates, we used a virulence-related deubiquitinase secreted by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium into the host cells, SseL. By using this approach two SseL substrates were identified in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage-like cell line, S100A6 and het-erogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein K, inmore » addition to the previously reported K63-linked ubiquitin chains. These substrates were further validated by a combination of enzymatic and binding assays. Finally, this method can be used for the systematic identification of substrates of deubiquitinases from other organisms and applied to study their functions in physiology and disease.« less

Identification of Salmonella Typhimurium deubiquitinase SseL substrates by immunoaffinity enrichment and quantitative proteomic analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nakayasu, Ernesto S.; Sydor, Michael A.; Brown, Roslyn N.

Ubiquitination is a key protein post-translational modification that regulates many important cellular pathways and whose levels are regulated by equilibrium between the activities of ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases. Here we present a method to identify specific deubiquitinase substrates based on treatment of cell lysates with recombinant enzymes, immunoaffinity purification and global quantitative proteomic analysis. As model system to identify substrates, we used a virulence-related deubiquitinase secreted by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium into the host cells, SseL. By using this approach two SseL substrates were identified in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage-like cell line, S100A6 and het-erogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein K, inmore » addition to the previously reported K63-linked ubiquitin chains. These substrates were further validated by a combination of enzymatic and binding assays. Finally, this method can be used for the systematic identification of substrates of deubiquitinases from other organisms and applied to study their functions in physiology and disease.« less

K-Means Algorithm Performance Analysis With Determining The Value Of Starting Centroid With Random And KD-Tree Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sirait, Kamson; Tulus; Budhiarti Nababan, Erna

2017-12-01

Clustering methods that have high accuracy and time efficiency are necessary for the filtering process. One method that has been known and applied in clustering is K-Means Clustering. In its application, the determination of the begining value of the cluster center greatly affects the results of the K-Means algorithm. This research discusses the results of K-Means Clustering with starting centroid determination with a random and KD-Tree method. The initial determination of random centroid on the data set of 1000 student academic data to classify the potentially dropout has a sse value of 952972 for the quality variable and 232.48 for the GPA, whereas the initial centroid determination by KD-Tree has a sse value of 504302 for the quality variable and 214,37 for the GPA variable. The smaller sse values indicate that the result of K-Means Clustering with initial KD-Tree centroid selection have better accuracy than K-Means Clustering method with random initial centorid selection.

Training Informal Educators Provides Leverage for Space Science Education and Public Outreach

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allen, J. S.; Tobola, K. W.; Betrue, R.

2004-01-01

How do we reach the public with the exciting story of Solar System Exploration? How do we encourage girls to think about careers in science, math, engineering and technology? Why should NASA scientists make an effort to reach the public and informal education settings to tell the Solar System Exploration story? These are questions that the Solar System Exploration Forum, a part of the NASA Office of Space Science Education (SSE) and Public Outreach network, has tackled over the past few years. The SSE Forum is a group of education teams and scientists who work to share the excitement of solar system exploration with colleagues, formal educators, and informal educators like museums and youth groups. One major area of the SSE Forum outreach supports the training of Girl Scouts of the USA (GS) leaders and trainers in a suite of activities that reflect NASA missions and science research. Youth groups like Girl Scouts structure their activities as informal education.

S U (2 ) Chern-Simons theory coupled to competing scalars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pérez Ipiña, J. M.; Schaposnik, F. A.; Tallarita, G.

2018-06-01

We study a spontaneously broken S U (2 ) Chern-Simons-Higgs model coupled though a Higgs portal to an uncharged triplet scalar with a vacuum state competing with the Higgs one. We find vortexlike solutions to the field equations in different parameter space regions. Depending on the scalar coupling constants, we find a parameter region in which the competing order creates a halo about the Chern-Simons-Higgs vortex core, together with two other regions, one where no vortex solutions exist and the other where ordinary Chern-Simons-Higgs vortices can be found. We derive the low-energy theory for the moduli fields on the vortex world sheet and also discuss the connection of our results with those found in studies of competing orders in high-temperature superconductors.

Action video game training reduces the Simon Effect.

PubMed

Hutchinson, Claire V; Barrett, Doug J K; Nitka, Aleksander; Raynes, Kerry

2016-04-01

A number of studies have shown that training on action video games improves various aspects of visual cognition including selective attention and inhibitory control. Here, we demonstrate that action video game play can also reduce the Simon Effect, and, hence, may have the potential to improve response selection during the planning and execution of goal-directed action. Non-game-players were randomly assigned to one of four groups; two trained on a first-person-shooter game (Call of Duty) on either Microsoft Xbox or Nintendo DS, one trained on a visual training game for Nintendo DS, and a control group who received no training. Response times were used to contrast performance before and after training on a behavioral assay designed to manipulate stimulus-response compatibility (the Simon Task). The results revealed significantly faster response times and a reduced cost of stimulus-response incompatibility in the groups trained on the first-person-shooter game. No benefit of training was observed in the control group or the group trained on the visual training game. These findings are consistent with previous evidence that action game play elicits plastic changes in the neural circuits that serve attentional control, and suggest training may facilitate goal-directed action by improving players' ability to resolve conflict during response selection and execution.

Religion and action control: Faith-specific modulation of the Simon effect but not Stop-Signal performance.

PubMed

Hommel, Bernhard; Colzato, Lorenza S; Scorolli, Claudia; Borghi, Anna M; van den Wildenberg, Wery P M

2011-08-01

Previous findings suggest that religion has a specific impact on attentional processes. Here we show that religion also affects action control. Experiment 1 compared Dutch Calvinists and Dutch atheists, matched for age, sex, intelligence, education, and cultural and socio-economic background, and Experiment 2 compared Italian Catholics with matched Italian seculars. As expected, Calvinists showed a smaller and Catholics a larger Simon effect than nonbelievers, while performance of the groups was comparable in the Stop-Signal task. This pattern suggests that religions emphasizing individualism or collectivism affects action control in specific ways, presumably by inducing chronic biases towards a more "exclusive" or "inclusive" style of decision-making. Interestingly, there was no evidence that religious practice affects inhibitory skills. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Simon Edgewood: One Teacher's Story.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hogg, Mary C.

2002-01-01

Interviews Simon Edgewood, a former university-level instructor who is trying to re-enter the profession at the secondary level. Provides a brief analysis and discussion. Discusses implications for the profession. (RS)

Jointing patterns and tectonic evolution of the Maciço Calcário Estremenho, Lusitanian Basin, Portugal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carvalho, Jorge M. F.

2018-05-01

The Maciço Calcário Estremenho (MCE) is an uplifted Jurassic limestone massif unit of the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal, where five main joint sets trending NNE-SSW, WSW-ENE, WNW-ESE, NW-SE, and NNW-SSE are recognized. Except for the NNW-SSE set, all the other sets host calcite veins and barren joints, evidencing a multistage development by several deformation episodes, including shear reactivation. Orthogonal patterns defined by the NNE-SSW/WNW-ESE and NNW-SSE/WSW-ENE systems are characteristic of some tectonostratigraphic units of the MCE, but the sets of each one of the systems are genetically independent. They result from specific deformation episodes undergone by the studied area in the course of its Meso-Cenozoic evolution. NNE-SSW calcite veins were the first to form during Middle Jurassic fault-controlled subsidence. A renewal of this set as barren joints took place during the Eocene Pyrenean compressive phase. The WSW-ENE and WNW-ESE sets have a restricted spatial distribution and relate to transient compressive episodes of the Middle - Late Jurassic and Jurassic - Cretaceous transitions, respectively. The NW-SE set, also characteristic of a specific region, formed during the Late Jurassic rifting and is related to local NE-SW tension dependent on block tilting towards a major NW-SE fault. The Miocene Betic compressive phase is responsible for the formation of the NNW-SSE set, which is widespread throughout the MCE.

Euclideanization of Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bowman, Daniel Alan

We quantize the theory of electromagnetism in 2 + 1-spacetime dimensions with the addition of the topological Chern-Simons term using an indefinite metric formalism. In the process, we also quantize the Proca and pure Maxwell theories, which are shown to be related to the Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory. Next, we Euclideanize these three theories, obtaining path space formulae and investigating Osterwalder-Schrader positivity in each case. Finally, we obtain a characterization of those Euclidean states that correspond to physical states in the relativistic theories.

D = 5 Einstein-Maxwell-Chern-Simons black holes.

PubMed

Kunz, Jutta; Navarro-Lérida, Francisco

2006-03-03

Five-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory with a Chern-Simons coefficient lambda = 1 has supersymmetric black holes with a vanishing horizon angular velocity but finite angular momentum. Here supersymmetry is associated with a borderline between stability and instability, since for lambda > 1 a rotational instability arises, where counterrotating black holes appear, whose horizon rotates in the opposite sense to the angular momentum. For lambda > 2 black holes are no longer uniquely characterized by their global charges, and rotating black holes with vanishing angular momentum appear.

Chern-Simons expectation values and quantum horizons from loop quantum gravity and the Duflo map.

PubMed

Sahlmann, Hanno; Thiemann, Thomas

2012-03-16

We report on a new approach to the calculation of Chern-Simons theory expectation values, using the mathematical underpinnings of loop quantum gravity, as well as the Duflo map, a quantization map for functions on Lie algebras. These new developments can be used in the quantum theory for certain types of black hole horizons, and they may offer new insights for loop quantum gravity, Chern-Simons theory and the theory of quantum groups.

A Randomised Test of Printed Educational Materials about Melanoma Detection: Varying Skin Self-Examination Technique and Visual Image Dose

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

King, Andy J.; Carcioppolo, Nick; Grossman, Douglas; John, Kevin K.; Jensen, Jakob D.

2015-01-01

Objective: Melanoma incidence and mortality rates continue to rise globally, making it essential for researchers to identify effective approaches to disseminating information to the public that improve key outcomes. This study compared two skin self-examination (SSE) educational strategies: the ABCDE (asymmetry, border irregularity, multiple…

Human performance across decision making, selective attention, and working memory tasks: Experimental data and computer simulations.

PubMed

Stocco, Andrea; Yamasaki, Brianna L; Prat, Chantel S

2018-04-01

This article describes the data analyzed in the paper "Individual differences in the Simon effect are underpinned by differences in the competitive dynamics in the basal ganglia: An experimental verification and a computational model" (Stocco et al., 2017) [1]. The data includes behavioral results from participants performing three cognitive tasks (Probabilistic Stimulus Selection (Frank et al., 2004) [2], Simon task (Craft and Simon, 1970) [3], and Automated Operation Span (Unsworth et al., 2005) [4]), as well as simulationed traces generated by a computational neurocognitive model that accounts for individual variations in human performance across the tasks. The experimental data encompasses individual data files (in both preprocessed and native output format) as well as group-level summary files. The simulation data includes the entire model code, the results of a full-grid search of the model's parameter space, and the code used to partition the model space and parallelize the simulations. Finally, the repository includes the R scripts used to carry out the statistical analyses reported in the original paper.

Linking Theoretical Decision-making Mechanisms in the Simon Task with Electrophysiological Data: A Model-based Neuroscience Study in Humans.

PubMed

Servant, Mathieu; White, Corey; Montagnini, Anna; Burle, Borís

2016-10-01

A current challenge for decision-making research is in extending models of simple decisions to more complex and ecological choice situations. Conflict tasks (e.g., Simon, Stroop, Eriksen flanker) have been the focus of much interest, because they provide a decision-making context representative of everyday life experiences. Modeling efforts have led to an elaborated drift diffusion model for conflict tasks (DMC), which implements a superimposition of automatic and controlled decision activations. The DMC has proven to capture the diversity of behavioral conflict effects across various task contexts. This study combined DMC predictions with EEG and EMG measurements to test a set of linking propositions that specify the relationship between theoretical decision-making mechanisms involved in the Simon task and brain activity. Our results are consistent with a representation of the superimposed decision variable in the primary motor cortices. The decision variable was also observed in the EMG activity of response agonist muscles. These findings provide new insight into the neurophysiology of human decision-making. In return, they provide support for the DMC model framework.

Skin examination behavior: The role of melanoma history, skin type, psychosocial factors, and region of residence in determining clinical and self-conducted skin examination

PubMed Central

Kasparian, Nadine A.; Bränström, Richard; Chang, Yu-mei; Affleck, Paul; Aspinwall, Lisa G.; Tibben, Aad; Azizi, Esther; Baron-Epel, Orna; Battistuzzi, Linda; Bruno, William; Chan, May; Cuellar, Francisco; Debniak, Tadeusz; Pjanova, Dace; Ertmanski, Slawomir; Figl, Adina; Gonzalez, Melinda; Hayward, Nicholas K.; Hocevar, Marko; Kanetsky, Peter A.; Leachman, Sancy; Bergman, Wilma; Heisele, Olita; Palmer, Jane; Peric, Barbara; Puig, Susana; Schadendorf, Dirk; Gruis, Nelleke A.; Newton-Bishop, Julia; Brandberg, Yvonne

2016-01-01

Objective This study examined the frequency and correlates of skin examination behaviors in an international sample of individuals at varying risk of developing melanoma. Design A cross-sectional, web-based survey design was implemented. Setting Data were collected from the general population over a 20-month period on behalf of GenoMEL, the Melanoma Genetics Consortium (www.genomel.org). Participants 8,178 adults from Northern (32%), Central (33%), and Southern (14%) Europe, Australia (13%), and the USA (8%). Outcome measures Self-reported frequency of skin self-examination (SSE) and clinical skin examination (CSE). Results After adjusting for age and gender, frequency of skin examination was higher in both Australia (ORSSE=1.80, 99% Confidence Interval: 1.49, 2.18; OR CSE=2.68, 99% CI: 2.23, 3.23) and the USA (OR SSE=2.28, 99% CI: 1.76, 2.94; OR CSE=3.39, 99% CI: 2.60, 4.18) compared to the three European regions combined. Within Europe, participants from Southern Europe reported higher rates of SSE compared to Northern Europe (OR SSE=1.61, 99% CI: 1.31, 1.97), and frequency of CSE was higher in both Central (OR CSE=1.47, 99% CI: 1.22, 1.78) and Southern Europe (OR CSE=3.46, 99% CI: 2.78, 4.31) compared to Northern Europe. Skin examination behavior also varied according to melanoma history; participants with no history of melanoma reported the lowest levels of skin examination, while participants with a previous melanoma diagnosis reported the highest levels. After adjusting for region, and taking into account the role of age, gender, skin type and mole count, engagement in SSE and CSE was associated with a range of psychosocial factors, including: perceived risk of developing melanoma; perceived benefits of, and barriers to, skin examination; perceived confidence in one’s ability to engage in screening; and social norms. In addition, among those with no history of melanoma, higher cancer-related worry was associated with greater frequency of SSE. Conclusions Given the strong association between psychosocial factors and skin examination behaviors, particularly amongst people with no history of melanoma, we recommend that greater attempts be made to integrate psycho-education into the fabric of public health initiatives and clinical care, with clinicians, researchers, and advocacy groups playing a key role in guiding individuals to appropriate tools and resources. PMID:22801744

Artificial intelligence and the space station software support environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marlowe, Gilbert

1986-01-01

In a software system the size of the Space Station Software Support Environment (SSE), no one software development or implementation methodology is presently powerful enough to provide safe, reliable, maintainable, cost effective real time or near real time software. In an environment that must survive one of the most harsh and long life times, software must be produced that will perform as predicted, from the first time it is executed to the last. Many of the software challenges that will be faced will require strategies borrowed from Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI is the only development area mentioned as an example of a legitimate reason for a waiver from the overall requirement to use the Ada programming language for software development. The limits are defined of the applicability of the Ada language Ada Programming Support Environment (of which the SSE is a special case), and software engineering to AI solutions by describing a scenario that involves many facets of AI methodologies.

Inverse relationship between stigma and quality of life in India: is epilepsy a disabling neurological condition?

PubMed

Nehra, Ashima; Singla, Sweta; Bajpai, Swati; Malviya, Shrividhya; Padma, Vasantha; Tripathi, Manjari

2014-10-01

Stigma associated with epilepsy has negative effects on psychosocial outcomes, affecting quality of life (QOL) and increasing disease burden in persons with epilepsy (PWEs). The aim of our study was to measure the impact of stigma on the QOL of PWEs and the prevalence of neurological disability due to stigmatized epilepsy. A prospective observational study with a sample of 208 PWEs was conducted. Neuropsychological Tests used were the Indian Disability Evaluation Assessment Scale (IDEAS) to measure disability, the Dysfunctional Analysis Questionnaire (DAQ) to measure QOL, and the Stigma Scale for Epilepsy (SSE) to assess stigma. Spearman correlation was calculated, and stigma (SSE) was highly significant with QOL (DAQ) (0.019) and disability due to stigmatized epilepsy (IDEAS) (0.011). The present study supports the global perception of stigma associated with epilepsy and its negative impact on their overall QOL and its contribution to the escalation of the disease burden. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Simon of Bolivar, Inc

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Simon of Bolivar, Inc. (“Simon”) has applied to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) under the provisions of the Safe Drinking Water Act for a major modification of its Underground Injection Control (UIC) permit.

Modeling slow-slip segmentation in Cascadia subduction zone constrained by tremor locations and gravity anomalies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Duo; Liu, Yajing

2017-04-01

Along-strike segmentation of slow-slip events (SSEs) and nonvolcanic tremors in Cascadia may reflect heterogeneities of the subducting slab or overlying continental lithosphere. However, the nature behind this segmentation is not fully understood. We develop a 3-D model for episodic SSEs in northern and central Cascadia, incorporating both seismological and gravitational observations to constrain the heterogeneities in the megathrust fault properties. The 6 year automatically detected tremors are used to constrain the rate-state friction parameters. The effective normal stress at SSE depths is constrained by along-margin free-air and Bouguer gravity anomalies. The along-strike variation in the long-term plate convergence rate is also taken into consideration. Simulation results show five segments of ˜Mw6.0 SSEs spontaneously appear along the strike, correlated to the distribution of tremor epicenters. Modeled SSE recurrence intervals are equally comparable to GPS observations using both types of gravity anomaly constraints. However, the model constrained by free-air anomaly does a better job in reproducing the cumulative slip as well as more consistent surface displacements with GPS observations. The modeled along-strike segmentation represents the averaged slip release over many SSE cycles, rather than permanent barriers. Individual slow-slip events can still propagate across the boundaries, which may cause interactions between adjacent SSEs, as observed in time-dependent GPS inversions. In addition, the moment-duration scaling is sensitive to the selection of velocity criteria for determining when SSEs occur. Hence, the detection ability of the current GPS network should be considered in the interpretation of slow earthquake source parameter scaling relations.

Mimicking the action of folding chaperones by Hamiltonian replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulations: application in the refinement of de novo models.

PubMed

Fan, Hao; Periole, Xavier; Mark, Alan E

2012-07-01

The efficiency of using a variant of Hamiltonian replica-exchange molecular dynamics (Chaperone H-replica-exchange molecular dynamics [CH-REMD]) for the refinement of protein structural models generated de novo is investigated. In CH-REMD, the interaction between the protein and its environment, specifically, the electrostatic interaction between the protein and the solvating water, is varied leading to cycles of partial unfolding and refolding mimicking some aspects of folding chaperones. In 10 of the 15 cases examined, the CH-REMD approach sampled structures in which the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of secondary structure elements (SSE-RMSD) with respect to the experimental structure was more than 1.0 Å lower than the initial de novo model. In 14 of the 15 cases, the improvement was more than 0.5 Å. The ability of three different statistical potentials to identify near-native conformations was also examined. Little correlation between the SSE-RMSD of the sampled structures with respect to the experimental structure and any of the scoring functions tested was found. The most effective scoring function tested was the DFIRE potential. Using the DFIRE potential, the SSE-RMSD of the best scoring structures was on average 0.3 Å lower than the initial model. Overall the work demonstrates that targeted enhanced-sampling techniques such as CH-REMD can lead to the systematic refinement of protein structural models generated de novo but that improved potentials for the identification of near-native structures are still needed. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Entanglement on linked boundaries in Chern-Simons theory with generic gauge groups

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dwivedi, Siddharth; Singh, Vivek Kumar; Dhara, Saswati; Ramadevi, P.; Zhou, Yang; Joshi, Lata Kh

2018-02-01

We study the entanglement for a state on linked torus boundaries in 3 d Chern-Simons theory with a generic gauge group and present the asymptotic bounds of Rényi entropy at two different limits: (i) large Chern-Simons coupling k, and (ii) large rank r of the gauge group. These results show that the Rényi entropies cannot diverge faster than ln k and ln r, respectively. We focus on torus links T (2 , 2 n) with topological linking number n. The Rényi entropy for these links shows a periodic structure in n and vanishes whenever n = 0 (mod p), where the integer p is a function of coupling k and rank r. We highlight that the refined Chern-Simons link invariants can remove such a periodic structure in n.

The joint Simon effect depends on perceived agency, but not intentionality, of the alternative action

PubMed Central

Stenzel, Anna; Dolk, Thomas; Colzato, Lorenza S.; Sellaro, Roberta; Hommel, Bernhard; Liepelt, Roman

2014-01-01

A co-actor's intentionality has been suggested to be a key modulating factor for joint action effects like the joint Simon effect (JSE). However, in previous studies intentionality has often been confounded with agency defined as perceiving the initiator of an action as being the causal source of the action. The aim of the present study was to disentangle the role of agency and intentionality as modulating factors of the JSE. In Experiment 1, participants performed a joint go/nogo Simon task next to a co-actor who either intentionally controlled a response button with own finger movements (agency+/intentionality+) or who passively placed the hand on a response button that moved up and down on its own as triggered by computer signals (agency−/intentionality−). In Experiment 2, we included a condition in which participants believed that the co-actor intentionally controlled the response button with a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) while placing the response finger clearly besides the response button, so that the causal relationship between agent and action effect was perceptually disrupted (agency−/intentionality+). As a control condition, the response button was computer controlled while the co-actor placed the response finger besides the response button (agency−/intentionality−). Experiment 1 showed that the JSE is present with an intentional co-actor and causality between co-actor and action effect, but absent with an unintentional co-actor and a lack of causality between co-actor and action effect. Experiment 2 showed that the JSE is absent with an intentional co-actor, but no causality between co-actor and action effect. Our findings indicate an important role of the co-actor's agency for the JSE. They also suggest that the attribution of agency has a strong perceptual basis. PMID:25140144

The joint Simon effect depends on perceived agency, but not intentionality, of the alternative action.

PubMed

Stenzel, Anna; Dolk, Thomas; Colzato, Lorenza S; Sellaro, Roberta; Hommel, Bernhard; Liepelt, Roman

2014-01-01

A co-actor's intentionality has been suggested to be a key modulating factor for joint action effects like the joint Simon effect (JSE). However, in previous studies intentionality has often been confounded with agency defined as perceiving the initiator of an action as being the causal source of the action. The aim of the present study was to disentangle the role of agency and intentionality as modulating factors of the JSE. In Experiment 1, participants performed a joint go/nogo Simon task next to a co-actor who either intentionally controlled a response button with own finger movements (agency+/intentionality+) or who passively placed the hand on a response button that moved up and down on its own as triggered by computer signals (agency-/intentionality-). In Experiment 2, we included a condition in which participants believed that the co-actor intentionally controlled the response button with a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) while placing the response finger clearly besides the response button, so that the causal relationship between agent and action effect was perceptually disrupted (agency-/intentionality+). As a control condition, the response button was computer controlled while the co-actor placed the response finger besides the response button (agency-/intentionality-). Experiment 1 showed that the JSE is present with an intentional co-actor and causality between co-actor and action effect, but absent with an unintentional co-actor and a lack of causality between co-actor and action effect. Experiment 2 showed that the JSE is absent with an intentional co-actor, but no causality between co-actor and action effect. Our findings indicate an important role of the co-actor's agency for the JSE. They also suggest that the attribution of agency has a strong perceptual basis.

Crystalline structure of Cu4SSe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amiraslanov, I. R.; Alieva, N. A.; Guseinov, G. G.

2016-12-01

Ternary compound Cu4SSe has been first synthesized by alloying the Cu, S, and Se elements taken in stoichiometric ratios. An X-ray diffraction study of polycrystalline samples has revealed the synthesized material to be crystallized into the trigonal system with unit-cell parameters a = 4.021(1) Å, c = 6.838(1) Å, and V = 95.75(4) Å3; sp. gr. P bar 3 m1; Z = 1; D x = 6.333(3) g/cm3. The crystal structure has been solved and refined to the reliability factor R Bragg = 0.40%.

Integrated Solar System Exploration Education and Public Outreach: Theme, Products and Activities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lowes, Leslie; Lindstrom, Marilyn; Stockman, Stephanie; Scalice, Daniela; Allen, Jaclyn; Tobola, Kay; Klug, Sheri; Harmon, Art

2004-01-01

NASA's Solar System Exploration Program is entering an unprecedented period of exploration and discovery. Its goal is to understand the origin and evolution of the solar system and life within it. SSE missions are operating or in development to study the far reaches of our solar system and beyond. These missions proceed in sequence for each body from reconnaissance flybys through orbiters and landers or rovers to sample returns. SSE research programs develop new instruments, analyze mission data or returned samples, and provide experimental or theoretical models to aid in interpretation.

SSE-based Thomas algorithm for quasi-block-tridiagonal linear equation systems, optimized for small dense blocks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barnaś, Dawid; Bieniasz, Lesław K.

2017-07-01

We have recently developed a vectorized Thomas solver for quasi-block tridiagonal linear algebraic equation systems using Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE) and Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX) in operations on dense blocks [D. Barnaś and L. K. Bieniasz, Int. J. Comput. Meth., accepted]. The acceleration caused by vectorization was observed for large block sizes, but was less satisfactory for small blocks. In this communication we report on another version of the solver, optimized for small blocks of size up to four rows and/or columns.

Free piston space Stirling technology program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dochat, G. R.; Dhar, M.

1989-01-01

MTI recently completed an initial technology feasibility program for NASA by designing, fabricating and testing a space power demonstrator engine (SPDE). This program, which confirms the potential of free-piston Stirling engines, provided the major impetus to initiate a free-piston Stirling space engine (SSE) technology program. The accomplishments of the SPDE program are reviewed, and an overview of the SSE technology program and technical status to date is provided. It is shown that progress in both programs continues to justify its potential for either nuclear or solar space power missions.

Practice-induced and sequential modulations of the Simon effect.

PubMed

Soetens, Eric; Maetens, Kathleen; Zeischka, Peter

2010-05-01

People react more quickly and more accurately to stimuli presented in locations corresponding to the response, as compared with noncorresponding locations, even when stimulus location is irrelevant (Simon effect [SE]). The explanation that SEs are caused by the automatic priming of a corresponding response has been questioned, because of the many exceptions to the effect. We replicated practice-induced and sequential modulations of the SE in two experiments--first, by training participants with blocks of location-relevant stimuli, and second, by mixing location-relevant and location-irrelevant trials. The decrease of the SE with incompatible training was relatively permanent in the blocked experiment, whereas the effect was temporary in the mixed experiment. The difference was caused by a more permanent reversal of the SE after incongruent trials, showing that sequential modulations depend on long-term practice effects. We suggest that there is a formation of a contralateral long-term memory stimulus-response link in blocked conditions and that short-term and long-term memory links are primed by preceding events.

The Chern-Simons Current in Systems of DNA-RNA Transcriptions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Capozziello, Salvatore; Pincak, Richard; Kanjamapornkul, Kabin; Saridakis, Emmanuel N.

2018-04-01

A Chern-Simons current, coming from ghost and anti-ghost fields of supersymmetry theory, can be used to define a spectrum of gene expression in new time series data where a spinor field, as alternative representation of a gene, is adopted instead of using the standard alphabet sequence of bases $A, T, C, G, U$. After a general discussion on the use of supersymmetry in biological systems, we give examples of the use of supersymmetry for living organism, discuss the codon and anti-codon ghost fields and develop an algebraic construction for the trash DNA, the DNA area which does not seem active in biological systems. As a general result, all hidden states of codon can be computed by Chern-Simons 3 forms. Finally, we plot a time series of genetic variations of viral glycoprotein gene and host T-cell receptor gene by using a gene tensor correlation network related to the Chern-Simons current. An empirical analysis of genetic shift, in host cell receptor genes with separated cluster of gene and genetic drift in viral gene, is obtained by using a tensor correlation plot over time series data derived as the empirical mode decomposition of Chern-Simons current.

Status and Integrated Focal Plane Characterization of Simons Array - Cosmic Microwave Background Polarimetry Experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roberts, Hayley; POLARBEAR

2018-06-01

Simons Array is a cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiment located at 5,200 meter altitude site in the Atacama desert in Chile. The science goals of the Simons Array are to characterize the CMB B-mode signal from gravitational lensing, and search for B-mode polarization generated from inflationary gravitational waves.In 2012, POLARBEAR-1 (PB-1) began observations and the POLARBEAR team has published the first measurements of non-zero polarization B-mode polarization angular power spectrum where gravitational lensing of CMB is the dominant signal.POLARBEAR-2A (PB-2A), the first of three receivers of Simons Array, will have 7,588 polarization sensitive Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers with frequencies 90 GHz and 150 GHz. This represents a factor of 6 increase in detector count compared to PB-1. Once Simons Array is fully deployed, the focal plane array will consist 22,764 TES bolometers across 90 GHz, 150 GHz, 220 GHz, and 270 GHz with a projected instantaneous sensitivity of 2.5 µK√s. Here we present the status of PB-2A and characterization of the integrated focal plane to be deployed summer of 2018.

Chern-Simons gauge theory on orbifolds: Open strings from three dimensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hořava, Petr

1996-12-01

Chern-Simons gauge theory is formulated on three-dimensional Z2 orbifolds. The locus of singular points on a given orbifold is equivalent to a link of Wilson lines. This allows one to reduce any correlation function on orbifolds to a sum of more complicated correlation functions in the simpler theory on manifolds. Chern-Simons theory on manifolds is known to be related to two-dimensional (2D) conformal field theory (CFT) on closed-string surfaces; here it is shown that the theory on orbifolds is related to 2D CFT of unoriented closed- and open-string models, i.e. to worldsheet orbifold models. In particular, the boundary components of the worldsheet correspond to the components of the singular locus in the 3D orbifold. This correspondence leads to a simple identification of the open-string spectra, including their Chan-Paton degeneration, in terms of fusing Wilson lines in the corresponding Chern-Simons theory. The correspondence is studied in detail, and some exactly solvable examples are presented. Some of these examples indicate that it is natural to think of the orbifold group Z2 as a part of the gauge group of the Chern-Simons theory, thus generalizing the standard definition of gauge theories.

Hydraulic properties of Mt. Simon aquifer, Prairie Island Indian community, southeastern Minnesota, 2001

USGS Publications Warehouse

Winterstein, Thomas A.

2002-01-01

Hantush and Theis methods type curves were fitted to the measured drawdown and recovery curves in the observation well. The results of matching the type curves to the measured data indicate that leakage is negligible from the overlying Eau Claire confining unit into the Mt. Simon aquifer. The transmissivity and storage coeffi-cients for the Mt. Simon aquifer, determined by both methods, are 3, 000 ft2/d and 3 x 10-4, respectively. The average hydraulic conductivity, assuming an aquifer thickness of 233 ft, is 10 ft/d.

Constructing superconductors by graphene Chern-Simons wormholes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Capozziello, Salvatore; Pincak, Richard; Saridakis, Emmanuel N.

2018-03-01

We propose a new model which simulates the motion of free electrons in graphene by the evolution of strings on manifolds. In this model, molecules which constitute sheets of graphene are polygonal point-like structures which build (N + 1) -dimensional manifolds. By breaking the gravitational-analogue symmetry of graphene sheets, we show that two separated child sheets and a Chern-Simons bridge are produced giving rise to a wormhole. In this structure, free electrons are transmitted from one child sheet to the other producing superconductivity. An analogue between "effective gravitons" and "Cooper pairs" is found. In principle, this phenomenology provides the possibility to construct superconductor structures by using the analogue of cosmological models.

Chern-Simons theory and Wilson loops in the Brillouin zone

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lian, Biao; Vafa, Cumrun; Vafa, Farzan; Zhang, Shou-Cheng

2017-03-01

Berry connection is conventionally defined as a static gauge field in the Brillouin zone. Here we show that for three-dimensional (3D) time-reversal invariant superconductors, a generalized Berry gauge field behaves as a fluctuating field of a Chern-Simons gauge theory. The gapless nodal lines in the momentum space play the role of Wilson loop observables, while their linking and knot invariants modify the gravitational theta angle. This angle induces a topological gravitomagnetoelectric effect where a temperature gradient induces a rotational energy flow. We also show how topological strings may be realized in the six-dimensional phase space, where the physical space defects play the role of topological D-branes.

Dynamical Chern-Simons Theory in the Brillouin Zone

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lian, Biao; Vafa, Cumrun; Vafa, Farzan; Zhang, Shou-Cheng

Berry connection is conventionally defined as a static gauge field in the Brillouin zone. Here we show that for three-dimensional (3d) time-reversal invariant superconductors, a generalized Berry gauge field behaves as a dynamical fluctuating field of a Chern-Simons gauge theory. The gapless nodal lines in the momentum space play the role of Wilson loop observables, while their linking and knot invariants modify the gravitational theta angle. This angle induces a topological gravitomagnetoelectric effect where a temperature gradient induces a rotational energy flow. We also show how topological strings may be realized in the 6 dimensional phase space, where the physical space defects play the role of topological D-branes.

Extent of slow slip events in the Guerrero seismic gap (Mexico): observations from space-borne SAR interferometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pathier, E.; Bacques, G.; Doin, M.; Cavalié, O.; Radiguet, M.; Lasserre, C.; Cotte, N.; Walpersdorf, A.

2013-12-01

Since 1998, four slow slip events (SSEs) have been recorded by geodesy in the Guerrero state of Mexico. They occurred on the subduction interface where the Coco plate subducts at about 6 cm/year beneath the North-America plate. SSEs spatially overlap the seismic gap of Guerrero which is a 100km-long portion of the Mexican subduction zone where no significant earthquakes have occurred since 1911. This duration contrasts with the average recurrence time of 30-60 years for large subduction earthquakes observed along the Mexican subduction zone (Nishenko and Singh, 1987a). To the west, the gap is limited by the slip distribution of the 1979 (M=7.6) and the 1985 (M=8.1) earthquakes, and to the east by the 1957 (M=7.8) and 1962 Acapulco events (M=7 and 7.1). An important issue is to know whether SSEs penetrate into the seismogenic zone and whether they are restricted to the seismic gap or have a larger extent. Radiguet et al, (2012) studied three SSEs that occurred in 2002, 2006 and 2009-2010, based on continuous GPS data. They show that SSEs have variable lateral extents, with significant slip within the 100km-long seismic gap, but also occurring on a wider area with a 250 km lateral extension when considering slip downdip the seismogenic zone (estimated to end at about 25km depth according to Suarez et al, 1990). Within the gap, results from Radiguet et al. suggest also that SSE can propagate shallower than the 25 km limit and that, west of the gap, the aseismic slip overlaps the 1979 and the 1985 earthquakes coseismic slip distribution. However, the GPS network design used in their analysis is mainly composed of two perpendicular profiles: a profile along the coast and a profile perpendicular to the coast from Acapulco to Mexico. Away from these profiles the resolution of the SSE location decreases rapidly, which limits the analysis of SSE extents. Here, we used space-borne SAR interferometry (InSAR) to overcome this limitation. Despite atmospheric and decorrelation difficulties, InSAR has proved its capacity to spatially complement GPS measurement in the Guerrero area for measuring SSE (Cavalié et al 2013). Our study focuses on the 2006 and 2009-2010 SSE using ENVISAT data. We provide additional observation confirming that SSE extend larger than the seismic gap and seems to be shallower within the gap. Such a large spatial extent can be thought as a source of potential destabilization by SSE of an area larger than the Guerrero seismic gap sensu-stricto, that may be comparable to the area supposed to have been affected by the 1899-1911 earthquake sequence. This view is in agreement with some authors like Suarez et al (1990) that suggested a wider definition of the Guerrero gap, up to Omepetec (99°W), having the potential for an earthquake of magnitude as high as 8.4.

Right anterior cerebellum BOLD responses reflect age related changes in Simon task sequential effects.

PubMed

Aisenberg, D; Sapir, A; Close, A; Henik, A; d'Avossa, G

2018-01-31

Participants are slower to report a feature, such as color, when the target appears on the side opposite the instructed response, than when the target appears on the same side. This finding suggests that target location, even when task-irrelevant, interferes with response selection. This effect is magnified in older adults. Lengthening the inter-trial interval, however, suffices to normalize the congruency effect in older adults, by re-establishing young-like sequential effects (Aisenberg et al., 2014). We examined the neurological correlates of age related changes by comparing BOLD signals in young and old participants performing a visual version of the Simon task. Participants reported the color of a peripheral target, by a left or right-hand keypress. Generally, BOLD responses were greater following incongruent than congruent targets. Also, they were delayed and of smaller amplitude in old than young participants. BOLD responses in visual and motor regions were also affected by the congruency of the previous target, suggesting that sequential effects may reflect remapping of stimulus location onto the hand used to make a response. Crucially, young participants showed larger BOLD responses in right anterior cerebellum to incongruent targets, when the previous target was congruent, but smaller BOLD responses to incongruent targets when the previous target was incongruent. Old participants, however, showed larger BOLD responses to congruent than incongruent targets, irrespective of the previous target congruency. We conclude that aging may interfere with the trial by trial updating of the mapping between the task-irrelevant target location and response, which takes place during the inter-trial interval in the cerebellum and underlays sequential effects in a Simon task. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Integrating Space Systems Operations at the Marine Expeditionary Force Level

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-01

Electromagnetic Interference ENVI Environment for Visualizing Images EW Electronic Warfare xvi FA40 Space Operations Officer FEC Fires and Effects...Information Facility SFE Space Force Enhancement SIGINT Signals Intelligence SSA Space Situational Awareness SSE Space Support Element STK Systems...April 23, 2015. 65 • GPS Interference and Navigation Tool (GIANT) for providing GPS accuracy prediction reports • Systems Toolkit ( STK ) Analysis

Public Notice 2017-13: Simon of Bolivar

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Simon of Bolivar, Inc. (“Simon”) has applied to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) under the provisions of the Safe Drinking Water Act for a major modification of its Underground Injection Control (UIC) permit.

Gravitational signature of Schwarzschild black holes in dynamical Chern-Simons gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Molina, C.; Pani, Paolo; Cardoso, Vitor; Gualtieri, Leonardo

2010-06-01

Dynamical Chern-Simons gravity is an extension of general relativity in which the gravitational field is coupled to a scalar field through a parity-violating Chern-Simons term. In this framework, we study perturbations of spherically symmetric black hole spacetimes, assuming that the background scalar field vanishes. Our results suggest that these spacetimes are stable, and small perturbations die away as a ringdown. However, in contrast to standard general relativity, the gravitational waveforms are also driven by the scalar field. Thus, the gravitational oscillation modes of black holes carry imprints of the coupling to the scalar field. This is a smoking gun for Chern-Simons theory and could be tested with gravitational-wave detectors, such as LIGO or LISA. For negative values of the coupling constant, ghosts are known to arise, and we explicitly verify their appearance numerically. Our results are validated using both time evolution and frequency domain methods.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aharony, Ofer; Benini, Francesco; Hsin, Po -Shen

In the last few years several dualities were found between the low-energy behaviors of Chern-Simons-matter theories with unitary gauge groups coupled to scalars, and similar theories coupled to fermions. In this paper we generalize those dualities to orthogonal and symplectic gauge groups. In particular, we conjecture dualities between SO(N) k Chern-Simons theories coupled to N f real scalars in the fundamental representation, and SO(k)- N+N f /2 coupled to N f real (Majorana) fermions in the fundamental. For N f = 0 these are just level-rank dualities of pure Chern-Simons theories, whose precise form we clarify. They lead us tomore » propose new gapped boundary states of topological insulators and superconductors. As a result, for k = 1 we get an interesting low-energy duality between N f free Majorana fermions and an SO( N) 1 Chern-Simons theory coupled to N f scalar fields (with N f ≤ N-2).« less

Chern-Simons theory with Wilson lines and boundary in the BV-BFV formalism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alekseev, Anton; Barmaz, Yves; Mnev, Pavel

2013-05-01

We consider the Chern-Simons theory with Wilson lines in 3D and in 1D in the BV-BFV formalism of Cattaneo-Mnev-Reshetikhin. In particular, we allow for Wilson lines to end on the boundary of the space-time manifold. In the toy model of 1D Chern-Simons theory, the quantized BFV boundary action coincides with the Kostant cubic Dirac operator which plays an important role in representation theory. In the case of 3D Chern-Simons theory, the boundary action turns out to be the odd (degree 1) version of the BF model with source terms for the B field at the points where the Wilson lines meet the boundary. The boundary space of states arising as the cohomology of the quantized BFV action coincides with the space of conformal blocks of the corresponding WZW model.

Gravitational signature of Schwarzschild black holes in dynamical Chern-Simons gravity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Molina, C.; Pani, Paolo; Cardoso, Vitor

2010-06-15

Dynamical Chern-Simons gravity is an extension of general relativity in which the gravitational field is coupled to a scalar field through a parity-violating Chern-Simons term. In this framework, we study perturbations of spherically symmetric black hole spacetimes, assuming that the background scalar field vanishes. Our results suggest that these spacetimes are stable, and small perturbations die away as a ringdown. However, in contrast to standard general relativity, the gravitational waveforms are also driven by the scalar field. Thus, the gravitational oscillation modes of black holes carry imprints of the coupling to the scalar field. This is a smoking gun formore » Chern-Simons theory and could be tested with gravitational-wave detectors, such as LIGO or LISA. For negative values of the coupling constant, ghosts are known to arise, and we explicitly verify their appearance numerically. Our results are validated using both time evolution and frequency domain methods.« less

A 3d-3d appetizer

DOE PAGES

Pei, Du; Ye, Ke

2016-11-02

Here, we test the 3d-3d correspondence for theories that are labeled by Lens spaces. We find a full agreement between the index of the 3d N=2 “Lens space theory” T [L(p, 1)] and the partition function of complex Chern-Simons theory on L(p, 1). In particular, for p = 1, we show how the familiar S 3 partition function of Chern-Simons theory arises from the index of a free theory. For large p, we find that the index of T[L(p, 1)] becomes a constant independent of p. In addition, we study T[L(p, 1)] on the squashed three-sphere S b 3. Thismore » enables us to see clearly, at the level of partition function, to what extent G C complex Chern-Simons theory can be thought of as two copies of Chern-Simons theory with compact gauge group G.« less

Characteristics of gradient-interface-structured ZnCdSSe quantum dots with modified interface and its application to quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jeong, Da-Woon; Kim, Jae-Yup; Seo, Han Wook; Lim, Kyoung-Mook; Ko, Min Jae; Seong, Tae-Yeon; Kim, Bum Sung

2018-01-01

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are attractive materials for application in photovoltaics, LEDs, displays, and bio devices owing to their unique properties. In this study, we synthesized gradient-interface-structured ZnCdSSe QDs and modified the interface based on a thermodynamic simulation to investigate its optical and physical properties. In addition, the interface was modified by increasing the molar concentration of Se. QDs at the modified interface were applied to QD-sensitized solar cells, which showed a 25.5% increase in photoelectric conversion efficiency owing to the reduced electron confinement effect. The increase seems to be caused by the excited electrons being relatively easily transferred to the level of TiO2 owing to the reduced electron confinement effect. Consequently, the electron confinement effect was observed to be reduced by increasing the ZnSe (or Zn1-xCdxSe)-rich phase at the interface. This means that, based on the thermodynamic simulation, the interface between the core QDs and the surface of the QDs can be controlled. The improvement of optical and electronic properties by controlling interfaces and surfaces during the synthesis of QDs, as reported in this work, can be useful for many applications beyond solar cells.

Robust sound speed estimation for ultrasound-based hepatic steatosis assessment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Imbault, Marion; Faccinetto, Alex; Osmanski, Bruno-Félix; Tissier, Antoine; Deffieux, Thomas; Gennisson, Jean-Luc; Vilgrain, Valérie; Tanter, Mickaël

2017-05-01

Hepatic steatosis is a common condition, the prevalence of which is increasing along with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Currently, the most accurate noninvasive imaging method for diagnosing and quantifying hepatic steatosis is MRI, which estimates the proton-density fat fraction (PDFF) as a measure of fractional fat content. However, MRI suffers several limitations including cost, contra-indications and poor availability. Although conventional ultrasound is widely used by radiologists for hepatic steatosis assessment, it remains qualitative and operator dependent. Interestingly, the speed of sound within soft tissues is known to vary slightly from muscle (1.575 mm · µs-1) to fat (1.450 mm · µs-1). Building upon this fact, steatosis could affect liver sound speed when the fat content increases. The main objectives of this study are to propose a robust method for sound speed estimation (SSE) locally in the liver and to assess its accuracy for steatosis detection and staging. This technique was first validated on two phantoms and SSE was assessed with a precision of 0.006 and 0.003 mm · µs-1 respectively for the two phantoms. Then a preliminary clinical trial (N  =  17 patients) was performed. SSE results was found to be highly correlated with MRI proton density fat fraction (R 2  =  0.69) and biopsy (AUROC  =  0.952) results. This new method based on the assessment of spatio-temporal properties of the local speckle noise for SSE provides an efficient way to diagnose and stage hepatic steatosis.

Insights into the causal relationship between slow slip and tectonic tremor in Guerrero, Mexico

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Villafuerte, Carlos; Cruz-Atienza, Víctor M.

2017-08-01

Similar to other subduction zones, tectonic tremors (TTs) and slow-slip events (SSEs) take place in the deep segment of the plate interface in Guerrero, Mexico. However, their spatial correlation in this region is not as clear as the episodic tremor and slip observed in Cascadia and Japan. In this study we provide insights into the causal relationship between TTs and SSEs in Guerrero by analyzing the evolution of the deformation fields induced by the long-term 2006 SSE together with new locations of TTs and low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs). Unlike previous studies we find that the SSE slip rate modulates the TT and LFE activity in the whole tremor region. This means that the causal relationship between the SSE and the TT activity directly depends on the stressing rate history of the tremor asperities that is modulated by the surrounding slip rate. We estimated that the frictional strength of the asperities producing tremor downdip in the sweet spot is around 3.2 kPa, which is 2.3 times smaller than the corresponding value updip in the transient zone, partly explaining the overwhelming tremor activity of the sweet spot despite that the slow slip there is smaller. Based on the LFE occurrence-rate history during the interlong-term SSE period, we determined that the short-term SSEs in Guerrero take place further downdip (about 35 km) than previously estimated, with maximum slip of about 8 mm in the sweet spot. This new model features a continuum of slow slip extending across the entire tremor region of Guerrero.

How Task Goals Mediate the Interplay between Perception and Action

PubMed Central

Haazebroek, Pascal; van Dantzig, Saskia; Hommel, Bernhard

2013-01-01

Theories of embodied cognition suppose that perception, action, and cognition are tightly intertwined and share common representations and processes. Indeed, numerous empirical studies demonstrate interaction between stimulus perception, response planning, and response execution. In this paper, we present an experiment and a connectionist model that show how the Simon effect, a canonical example of perception–action congruency, can be moderated by the (cognitive representation of the) task instruction. To date, no representational account of this influence exists. In the experiment, a two-dimensional Simon task was used, with critical stimuli being colored arrows pointing in one of four directions (backward, forward, left, or right). Participants stood on a Wii balance board, oriented diagonally toward the screen displaying the stimuli. They were either instructed to imagine standing on a snowboard or on a pair of skis and to respond to the stimulus color by leaning toward either the left or right foot. We expected that participants in the snowboard condition would encode these movements as forward or backward, resulting in a Simon effect on this dimension. This was confirmed by the results. The left–right congruency effect was larger in the ski condition, whereas the forward–backward congruency effect appeared only in the snowboard condition. The results can be readily accounted for by HiTEC, a connectionist model that aims at capturing the interaction between perception and action at the level of representations, and the way this interaction is mediated by cognitive control. Together, the empirical work and the connectionist model contribute to a better understanding of the complex interaction between perception, cognition, and action. PMID:23675361

Individual differences in the Simon effect are underpinned by differences in the competitive dynamics in the basal ganglia: An experimental verification and a computational model.

PubMed

Stocco, Andrea; Murray, Nicole L; Yamasaki, Brianna L; Renno, Taylor J; Nguyen, Jimmy; Prat, Chantel S

2017-07-01

Cognitive control is thought to be made possible by the activity of the prefrontal cortex, which selectively uses task-specific representations to bias the selection of task-appropriate responses over more automated, but inappropriate, ones. Recent models have suggested, however, that prefrontal representations are in turn controlled by the basal ganglia. In particular, neurophysiological considerations suggest that the basal ganglia's indirect pathway plays a pivotal role in preventing irrelevant information from being incorporated into a task, thus reducing response interference due to the processing of inappropriate stimuli dimensions. Here, we test this hypothesis by showing that individual differences in a non-verbal cognitive control task (the Simon task) are correlated with performance on a decision-making task (the Probabilistic Stimulus Selection task) that tracks the contribution of the indirect pathway. Specifically, the higher the effect of the indirect pathway, the smaller was the behavioral costs associated with suppressing interference in incongruent trials. Additionally, it was found that this correlation was driven by individual differences in incongruent trials only (with little effect on congruent ones) and specific to the indirect pathway (with almost no correlation with the effect of the direct pathways). Finally, it is shown that this pattern of results is precisely what is predicted when competitive dynamics of the basal ganglia are added to the selective attention component of a simple model of the Simon task, thus showing that our experimental results can be fully explained by our initial hypothesis. Published by Elsevier B.V.

The self in conflict: actors and agency in the mediated sequential Simon task.

PubMed

Spapé, Michiel M; Ahmed, Imtiaj; Jacucci, Giulio; Ravaja, Niklas

2015-01-01

Executive control refers to the ability to withstand interference in order to achieve task goals. The effect of conflict adaptation describes that after experiencing interference, subsequent conflict effects are weaker. However, changes in the source of conflict have been found to disrupt conflict adaptation. Previous studies indicated that this specificity is determined by the degree to which one source causes episodic retrieval of a previous source. A virtual reality version of the Simon task was employed to investigate whether changes in a visual representation of the self would similarly affect conflict adaptation. Participants engaged in a mediated Simon task via 3D "avatar" models that either mirrored the participants' movements, or were presented statically. A retrieval cue was implemented as the identity of the avatar: switching it from a male to a female avatar was expected to disrupt the conflict adaptation effect (CAE). The results show that only in static conditions did the CAE depend on the avatar identity, while in dynamic conditions, changes did not cause disruption. We also explored the effect of conflict and adaptation on the degree of movement made with the task-irrelevant hand and replicated the reaction time pattern. The findings add to earlier studies of source-specific conflict adaptation by showing that a visual representation of the self in action can provide a cue that determines episodic retrieval. Furthermore, the novel paradigm is made openly available to the scientific community and is described in its significance for studies of social cognition, cognitive psychology, and human-computer interaction.

The costs and benefits of temporal predictability: impaired inhibition of prepotent responses accompanies increased activation of task-relevant responses.

PubMed

Korolczuk, Inga; Burle, Boris; Coull, Jennifer T

2018-06-20

While the benefit of temporal predictability on sensorimotor processing is well established, it is still unknown whether this is due to efficient execution of an appropriate response and/or inhibition of an inappropriate one. To answer this question, we examined the effects of temporal predictability in tasks that required selective (Simon task) or global (Stop-signal task) inhibitory control of prepotent responses. We manipulated temporal expectation by presenting cues that either predicted (temporal cues) or not (neutral cues) when the target would appear. In the Simon task, performance was better when target location (left/right) was compatible with the hand of response and performance was improved further still if targets were temporally cued. However, Conditional Accuracy Functions revealed that temporal predictability selectively increased the number of fast, impulsive errors. Temporal cueing had no effect on selective response inhibition, as measured by the dynamics of the interference effect (delta plots) in the Simon task. By contrast, in the Stop-signal task, Stop-signal reaction time, a covert measure of a more global form of response inhibition, was significantly longer in temporally predictive trials. Therefore, when the time of target onset could be predicted in advance, it was harder to stop the impulse to respond to the target. Collectively, our results indicate that temporal cueing compounded the interfering effects of a prepotent response on task performance. We suggest that although temporal predictability enhances activation of task-relevant responses, it impairs inhibition of prepotent responses. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Systems Simulation of NASA Shooting Star Experiment Using Matlab/Simulink

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reagan, Shawn

1997-01-01

The Shooting Star Experiment (SSE) is an experiment that incorporates advance propulsion technology. This project is being managed by the Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama. Whenever spacecraft are launched from Low Earth Orbit (LEO), (typically 150 nautical miles) they are powered by a upper propulsive stage utilizing either a solid or liquid propellant engine. A typically mission for a spacecraft utilizing an upper stage would be a transfer from LEO to a Geostationary Orbit (GEO) or an interplanetary mission. These upper stages are heavy and bulky because they must carry propellants to provide sufficient energy to perform the mission. The SSE utilizes the energy of the Sun by focusing this energy by means of a Frensel lens into an engine where hydrogen (or nitrogen) gas is injected. The focusing of the solar energy heats the engine to very high temperatures. When the gas is injected into the hot engine, the gas is expelled at very high velocities. This process is extremely efficient. Because of the efficiency of the SSE type engine, more payload can be carried for a typical mission since the propulsive element is much smaller.

Growth, morphological and optical characteristics of ZnSSe nanorods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Lin-Jer; Dai, Jia-Heng

2017-02-01

Zinc seledide sulfide (ZnSxSe1-x) nanorods with wurtzite structure were synthesized by a low temperature solvothermal pathway. In a typical condition of solvothermal at 180 °C for 8 h, the ZnSxSe1-x was composed of nanorods 10-15 nm in diameter and 50-75 nm length. These results indicate that the nanoscale of ZnSSe nanocrystals may contribute to the solvothermal process and exhibit a tunable photoluminescence (PL) and band gap that depends on the variation of reaction conditions. The work suggests a promising route to single-mode "mirror-less" amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from inorganic nanomaterials with the Cholesteric liquid crystals (CLC) providing additional potential functionality. The obtained products are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), UV-visible spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This approach for solvothermal growth can also be used with primary ZnSSe nanorods to achieve tunable optical properties and can likely be extended to nanomaterials of different shapes and other optical devices.

The design and fabrication of a Stirling engine heat exchanger module with an integral heat pipe

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schreiber, Jeffrey G.

1988-01-01

The conceptual design of a free-piston Stirling Space Engine (SSE) intended for space power applications has been generated. The engine was designed to produce 25 kW of electric power with heat supplied by a nuclear reactor. A novel heat exchanger module was designed to reduce the number of critical joints in the heat exchanger assembly while also incorporating a heat pipe as the link between the engine and the heat source. Two inexpensive verification tests are proposed. The SSE heat exchanger module is described and the operating conditions for the module are outlined. The design process of the heat exchanger modules, including the sodium heat pipe, is briefly described. Similarities between the proposed SSE heat exchanger modules and the LeRC test modules for two test engines are presented. The benefits and weaknesses of using a sodium heat pipe to transport heat to a Stirling engine are discussed. Similarly, the problems encountered when using a true heat pipe, as opposed to a more simple reflux boiler, are described. The instruments incorporated into the modules and the test program are also outlined.

Composition control and localization of S2- in CdSSe quantum dots grown from Li4[Cd10Se4(SPh)16].

PubMed

Lovingood, Derek D; Oyler, Ryan E; Strouse, Geoffrey F

2008-12-17

The development of ternary nanoscale materials with controlled cross-sectional doping is an important step for the use of chemically prepared quantum dots for nanoscale engineering applications. We report cross-sectional, elemental doping with the formation of an alloyed CdSSe nanocrystal from the thermal decomposition of Li(4)[Cd(10)Se(4)(SPh)(16)]. The sulfur incorporation arises from surface-mediated phenylthiolate degradation on the growing quantum dot surface. In the alloy, we identify a pure CdSe nucleus of approximately 1.5 nm, consistent with the predictions of nucleation theory. As the particle grows, S(2-) incorporation increases until the CdSSe reaches approximately 4 nm, where a marked reduction in phenylthiolate content on the nanocrystal is observed by CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy, implying that rapid decomposition of the phenylthiolate arises with subsequent enhanced S(2-) incorporation at the level of the stoichiometry of the reaction (namely approximately 60%). The use of molecular clusters to allow controlled defect ion incorporation can open new pathways to more complex nanomaterials.

Exploring social influences on the joint Simon task: empathy and friendship

PubMed Central

Ford, Ruth M.; Aberdein, Bradley

2015-01-01

Tasks for which people must act together to achieve a goal are a feature of daily life. The present study explored social influences on joint action using a Simon procedure for which participants (n = 44) were confronted with a series of images of hands and asked to respond via button press whenever the index finger wore a ring of a certain color (red or green) regardless of pointing direction (left or right). In an initial joint condition they performed the task while sitting next to another person (friend or stranger) who responded to the other color. In a subsequent individual condition they repeated the task on their own; additionally, they completed self-report tests of empathy. Consistent with past research, participants reacted more quickly when the finger pointed toward them rather than their co-actor (the Simon Effect or SE). The effect remained robust when the co-actor was no longer present and was unaffected by degree of acquaintance; however, its magnitude was correlated positively with empathy only among friends. For friends, the SE was predicted by cognitive perspective taking when the co-actor was present and by propensity for fantasizing when the co-actor was absent. We discuss these findings in relation to social accounts (e.g., task co-representation) and non-social accounts (e.g., referential coding) of joint action. PMID:26217281

Asymptotic symmetries, holography and topological hair

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mishra, Rashmish K.; Sundrum, Raman

2018-01-01

Asymptotic symmetries of AdS4 quantum gravity and gauge theory are derived by coupling the holographically dual CFT3 to Chern-Simons gauge theory and 3D gravity in a "probe" (large-level) limit. Despite the fact that the three-dimensional AdS4 boundary as a whole is consistent with only finite-dimensional asymptotic symmetries, given by AdS isometries, infinite-dimensional symmetries are shown to arise in circumstances where one is restricted to boundary subspaces with effectively two-dimensional geometry. A canonical example of such a restriction occurs within the 4D subregion described by a Wheeler-DeWitt wavefunctional of AdS4 quantum gravity. An AdS4 analog of Minkowski "super-rotation" asymptotic symmetry is probed by 3D Einstein gravity, yielding CFT2 structure (in a large central charge limit), via AdS3 foliation of AdS4 and the AdS3/CFT2 correspondence. The maximal asymptotic symmetry is however probed by 3D conformal gravity. Both 3D gravities have Chern-Simons formulation, manifesting their topological character. Chern-Simons structure is also shown to be emergent in the Poincare patch of AdS4, as soft/boundary limits of 4D gauge theory, rather than "put in by hand" as an external probe. This results in a finite effective Chern-Simons level. Several of the considerations of asymptotic symmetry structure are found to be simpler for AdS4 than for Mink4, such as non-zero 4D particle masses, 4D non-perturbative "hard" effects, and consistency with unitarity. The last of these in particular is greatly simplified because in some set-ups the time dimension is explicitly shared by each level of description: Lorentzian AdS4, CFT3 and CFT2. Relatedly, the CFT2 structure clarifies the sense in which the infinite asymptotic charges constitute a useful form of "hair" for black holes and other complex 4D states. An AdS4 analog of Minkowski "memory" effects is derived, but with late-time memory of earlier events being replaced by (holographic) "shadow" effects. Lessons from AdS4 provide hints for better understanding Minkowski asymptotic symmetries, the 3D structure of its soft limits, and Minkowski holography.

An Empirical Model Building Criterion Based on Prediction with Applications in Parametric Cost Estimation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-08-01

varia- ble is denoted by 7, the total sum of squares of deviations from that mean is defined by n - SSTO - (-Y) (2.6) iul and the regression sum of...squares by SSR - SSTO - SSE (2.7) II 14 A selection criterion is a rule according to which a certain model out of the 2p possible models is labeled "best...dis- cussed next. 1. The R2 Criterion The coefficient of determination is defined by R2 . 1 - SSE/ SSTO . (2.8) It is clear that R is the proportion of

Zweitore, Vierpole

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Plaßmann, Wilfried

Zweitore (nach DIN 4899; alte Bezeichnung "Vierpole") sind Funktionseinheiten mit zwei Toren, wobei zu jedem Tor ein Klemmenpaar gehört. An eines der Tore wird das Eingangssignal angeschlossen, die zugehörigen Anschlüsse werden mit Eingangsklemmen bezeichnet. Entsprechend wird an den zwei Ausgangsklemmen das Ausgangssignal abgegriffen. Eventuell erforderliche Anschlüsse für eine Stromversorgung werden nicht mitgezählt. Der interne Aufbau besteht aus einer beliebigen Zusammenschaltung von Widerständen, Kondensatoren, Spulen, Transformatoren, Dioden, Transistoren usw. Es wird vorausgesetzt, dass die Zweitore zeitinvariant sind, d. h. die Eigenschaften hängen nicht von der Zeit ab.

Price returns efficiency of the Shanghai A-Shares

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Long, Wang Jiang; Jaaman, Saiful Hafizah; Samsudin, Humaida Banu

2014-06-01

Beta measured from the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is the most widely used risk to estimate expected return. In this paper factors that influence Shanghai A-share stock return based on CAPM are explored and investigated. Price data of 312 companies listed on Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) from the year 2000 to 2011 are investigated. This study employed the Fama-MacBeth cross-sectional method to avoid weakness of traditional CAPM. In addition, this study improves the model by adjusting missing data. Findings of this study justifies that systematic risk can explain the portfolios' returns of China SSE stock market.

New Culture Medium Containing Ionic Concentrations of Nutrients Similar to Concentrations Found in the Soil Solution †

PubMed Central

Angle, J. Scott; McGrath, Stephen P.; Chaney, Rufus L.

1991-01-01

A new growth medium which closely approximates the composition of the soil solution is presented. This soil solution equivalent (SSE) medium contains the following components (millimolar): NO3, 2.5; NH4, 2.5; HPO4, 0.005; Na, 2.5; Ca, 4.0; Mg, 2.0; K, 0.503; Cl, 4.0; SO4, 5.0; ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid), 0.02; and MES [2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid] (to maintain the pH at 6.0), 10, plus 0.1% arabinose. The advantages of the SSE medium are discussed. PMID:16348614

Influential Nonegligible Parameters under the Search Linear Model.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-04-25

lack of fit as wi 2 SSL0F(1 ) - I n u~ -(M) (12) and the sum of squares due to pure error as SSPE - I I (Y V-2 (13) For I 1,.,2) we define F(i) SSL0F...SSE (I) Noting that the numerator on the RHS of the above expression does not depend on i, we get the equivalence of (a) and (b). Again, SSE ) SSPE ...SSLOFM I and SSPE does not depend on i. Therefore (a) and (c) are equivalent. - From (14), the equivalence of (c) and (d) is clear. From (3), (6

Classical r-matrices for the generalised Chern–Simons formulation of 3d gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Osei, Prince K.; Schroers, Bernd J.

2018-04-01

We study the conditions for classical r-matrices to be compatible with the generalised Chern–Simons action for 3d gravity. Compatibility means solving the classical Yang–Baxter equations with a prescribed symmetric part for each of the real Lie algebras and bilinear pairings arising in the generalised Chern–Simons action. We give a new construction of r-matrices via a generalised complexification and derive a non-linear set of matrix equations determining the most general compatible r-matrix. We exhibit new families of solutions and show that they contain some known r-matrices for special parameter values.

Slow slip events in the early part of the earthquake cycle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Voss, Nicholas K.; Malservisi, Rocco; Dixon, Timothy H.; Protti, Marino

2017-08-01

In February 2014 a Mw = 7.0 slow slip event (SSE) took place beneath the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica. This event occurred 17 months after the 5 September 2012, Mw = 7.6, earthquake and along the same subduction zone segment, during a period when significant postseismic deformation was ongoing. A second SSE occurred in the middle of 2015, 21 months after the 2014 SSE and 38 months after the earthquake. The recurrence interval for Nicoya SSEs was unchanged by the earthquake. However, the spatial distribution of slip for the 2014 event differed significantly from previous events, having only deep ( 40 km) slip, compared to previous events, which had both deep and shallow slip. The 2015 SSE marked a return to the combination of deep plus shallow slip of preearthquake SSEs. However, slip magnitude in 2015 was nearly twice as large (Mw = 7.2) as preearthquake SSEs. We employ Coulomb Failure Stress change modeling in order to explain these changes. Stress changes associated with the earthquake and afterslip were highest near the shallow portion of the megathrust, where preearthquake SSEs had significant slip. Lower stress change occurred on the deeper parts of the plate interface, perhaps explaining why the deep ( 40 km) region for SSEs remained unchanged. The large amount of shallow slip in the 2015 SSE may reflect lack of shallow slip in the prior SSE. These observations highlight the variability of aseismic strain release rates throughout the earthquake cycle.