Simultaneous tracking of drug molecules and carriers using aptamer-functionalized fluorescent superstable gold nanorod-carbon nanocapsules during thermo-chemotherapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Xue-Wei; Gao, Wei; Fan, Huanhuan; Ding, Ding; Lai, Xiao-Fang; Zou, Yu-Xiu; Chen, Long; Chen, Zhuo; Tan, Weihong

2016-04-01

Controlling and monitoring the drug delivery process is critical to its intended therapeutic function. Many nanocarrier systems for drug delivery have been successfully developed. However, biocompatibility, stability, and simultaneously tracing drugs and nanocarriers present significant limitations. Herein, we have fabricated a multifunctional nanocomposite by coating the gold nanorod (AuNR) with a biocompatible, superstable and fluorescent carbon layer, obtaining the AuNR@carbon core-shell nanocapsule. In this system, the carbon shell, originally obtained in aqueous glucose solutions and, therefore, biocompatible in physiological environments, could be simply loaded with cell-specific aptamers and therapeutic molecules through π-π interactions, a useful tool for cancer-targeted cellular imaging and therapy. Moreover, such a stable and intrinsic fluorescence effect of the AuNR@carbon enabled simultaneous tracking of released therapeutic molecules and nanocarriers under thermo-chemotherapy. The AuNR@carbons had high surface areas and stable shells, as well as unique optical and photothermal properties, making them promising nanostructures for biomedical applications.Controlling and monitoring the drug delivery process is critical to its intended therapeutic function. Many nanocarrier systems for drug delivery have been successfully developed. However, biocompatibility, stability, and simultaneously tracing drugs and nanocarriers present significant limitations. Herein, we have fabricated a multifunctional nanocomposite by coating the gold nanorod (AuNR) with a biocompatible, superstable and fluorescent carbon layer, obtaining the AuNR@carbon core-shell nanocapsule. In this system, the carbon shell, originally obtained in aqueous glucose solutions and, therefore, biocompatible in physiological environments, could be simply loaded with cell-specific aptamers and therapeutic molecules through π-π interactions, a useful tool for cancer-targeted cellular imaging and therapy. Moreover, such a stable and intrinsic fluorescence effect of the AuNR@carbon enabled simultaneous tracking of released therapeutic molecules and nanocarriers under thermo-chemotherapy. The AuNR@carbons had high surface areas and stable shells, as well as unique optical and photothermal properties, making them promising nanostructures for biomedical applications. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental details and characterization data for all new compounds. See DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00369a

Effect of High-Pass Filtering on the Neonatal Auditory Brainstem Response to Air- and Bone-Conducted Clicks.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stuart, Andrew; Yang, Edward Y.

1994-01-01

Simultaneous 3- channel recorded auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were obtained from 20 neonates with various high-pass filter settings and low intensity levels. Results support the advocacy of less restrictive high-pass filtering for neonatal and infant ABR screening to air-conducted and bone-conducted clicks. (Author/JDD)

Extension of electronic speckle correlation interferometry to large deformations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sciammarella, Cesar A.; Sciammarella, Federico M.

1998-07-01

The process of fringe formation under simultaneous illumination in two orthogonal directions is analyzed. Procedures to extend the applicability of this technique to large deformation and high density of fringes are introduced. The proposed techniques are applied to a number of technical problems. Good agreement is obtained when the experimental results are compared with results obtained by other methods.

Simultaneous high crystallinity and sub-bandgap optical absorptance in hyperdoped black silicon using nanosecond laser annealing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Franta, Benjamin, E-mail: bafranta@gmail.com; Pastor, David; Gandhi, Hemi H.

2015-12-14

Hyperdoped black silicon fabricated with femtosecond laser irradiation has attracted interest for applications in infrared photodetectors and intermediate band photovoltaics due to its sub-bandgap optical absorptance and light-trapping surface. However, hyperdoped black silicon typically has an amorphous and polyphasic polycrystalline surface that can interfere with carrier transport, electrical rectification, and intermediate band formation. Past studies have used thermal annealing to obtain high crystallinity in hyperdoped black silicon, but thermal annealing causes a deactivation of the sub-bandgap optical absorptance. In this study, nanosecond laser annealing is used to obtain high crystallinity and remove pressure-induced phases in hyperdoped black silicon while maintainingmore » high sub-bandgap optical absorptance and a light-trapping surface morphology. Furthermore, it is shown that nanosecond laser annealing reactivates the sub-bandgap optical absorptance of hyperdoped black silicon after deactivation by thermal annealing. Thermal annealing and nanosecond laser annealing can be combined in sequence to fabricate hyperdoped black silicon that simultaneously shows high crystallinity, high above-bandgap and sub-bandgap absorptance, and a rectifying electrical homojunction. Such nanosecond laser annealing could potentially be applied to non-equilibrium material systems beyond hyperdoped black silicon.« less

Compact Highly Sensitive Multi-species Airborne Mid-IR Spectrometer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Richter, Dirk; Weibring, P.; Walega, J.

2015-02-01

We report on the development and airborne field deployment of a mid-IR laser based spectrometer. The instrument was configured for the simultaneous in-situ detection of formaldehyde (CH2O) and ethane (C2H6). Numerous mechanical, optical, electronic, and software improvements over a previous instrument design resulted in reliable highly sensitive airborne operation with long stability times yielding 90% airborne measurement coverage during the recent air quality study over the Colorado front range, FRAPPÉ 2014. Airborne detection sensitivities of ~ 15 pptv (C2H6) and ~40 pptv (CH2O) were generally obtained for 1 s of averaging for simultaneous detection.

Design of a fused phantom for quantitative evaluation of brain metabolites and enhanced quality assurance testing for magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy.

PubMed

Song, Kyu-Ho; Kim, Sang-Young; Lee, Do-Wan; Jung, Jin-Young; Lee, Jung-Hoon; Baek, Hyeon-Man; Choe, Bo-Young

2015-11-30

Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI-MRS) is a useful tool for the identification and evaluation of chemical changes in anatomical regions. Quality assurance (QA) is performed in either images or spectra using QA phantom. Therefore, consistent and uniform technical MRI-MRS QA is crucial. Here we developed an MRI-MRS fused phantom along with the inserts for metabolite quantification to simultaneously optimize QA parameters for both MRI and MRS. T1- and T2-weighted images were obtained and MRS was performed with point-resolved spectroscopy. Using the fused phantom, the results of measuring MRI factors were: geometric distortion, <2% and ± 2 mm; image intensity uniformity, 83.09 ± 1.33%; percent-signal ghosting, 0.025 ± 0.004; low-contrast object detectability, 27.85 ± 0.80. In addition, the signal-to-noise ratio of N-acetyl-aspartate was consistently high (42.00 ± 5.66). In previous studies, MR phantoms could not obtain information from both images and spectra in the MR scanner simultaneously. Here we designed and developed a phantom for accurate and consistent QA within the acceptance range. It is important to take into account variations in the QA value using the MRI-MRS phantom, when comparing to other clinical or research MR scanners. The MRI-MRS QA factors obtained simultaneously using the phantom can facilitate evaluation of both images and spectra, and provide guidelines for obtaining MRI and MRS QA factors simultaneously. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

An improved experimental scheme for simultaneous measurement of high-resolution zero electron kinetic energy (ZEKE) photoelectron and threshold photoion (MATI) spectra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Michels, François; Mazzoni, Federico; Becucci, Maurizio; Müller-Dethlefs, Klaus

2017-10-01

An improved detection scheme is presented for threshold ionization spectroscopy with simultaneous recording of the Zero Electron Kinetic Energy (ZEKE) and Mass Analysed Threshold Ionisation (MATI) signals. The objective is to obtain accurate dissociation energies for larger molecular clusters by simultaneously detecting the fragment and parent ion MATI signals with identical transmission. The scheme preserves an optimal ZEKE spectral resolution together with excellent separation of the spontaneous ion and MATI signals in the time-of-flight mass spectrum. The resulting improvement in sensitivity will allow for the determination of dissociation energies in clusters with substantial mass difference between parent and daughter ions.

Discovery of VHE γ -rays from the blazar 1ES 1215+303 with the MAGIC telescopes and simultaneous multi-wavelength observations

DOE PAGES

Aleksić, J.; Alvarez, E. A.; Antonelli, L. A.; ...

2012-08-15

Here, we present the discovery of very high energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) γ-ray emission from the BL Lac object 1ES 1215+303 by the MAGIC telescopes and simultaneous multi-wavelength data in a broad energy range from radio to γ-rays. We also study the VHE γ-ray emission from 1ES 1215+303 and its relation to the emissions in other wavelengths. Triggered by an optical outburst, MAGIC observed the source in 2011 January - February for 20.3 h. The target was monitored in the optical R-band by the KVA telescope that also performed optical polarization measurements. Furthermore, we triggered target of opportunitymore » observations with the Swift satellite and obtained simultaneous and quasi-simultaneous data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope and from the Metsähovi radio telescope. We also present the analysis of older MAGIC data taken in 2010. The MAGIC observations of 1ES 1215+303 carried out in 2011 January - February resulted in the first detection of the source at VHE with a statistical significance of 9.4σ. Simultaneously, the source was observed in a high optical and X-ray state. In 2010 the source was observed in a lower state in optical, X-ray, and VHE, while the GeV γ-ray flux and the radio flux were comparable in 2010 and 2011. The spectral energy distribution obtained with the 2011 data can be modeled with a simple one zone SSC model, but it requires extreme values for the Doppler factor or the electron energy distribution.« less

Alaska High Altitude Photography Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Petersen, Earl V.; Knutson, Martin A.; Ekstrand, Robert E.

1986-01-01

In 1978, the Alaska High Altitude Photography Program was initiated to obtain simultaneous black and white and color IR aerial photography of Alaska. Dual RC-10 and Zeiss camera systems were used for this program on NASA's U-2 and WB-57F, respectively. Data collection, handling, and distribution are discussed as well as general applications and the current status.

Improved Homogeneity of the Transmit Field by Simultaneous Transmission with Phased Array and Volume Coil

PubMed Central

Avdievich, Nikolai I.; Oh, Suk-Hoon; Hetherington, Hoby P.; Collins, Christopher M.

2010-01-01

Purpose To improve the homogeneity of transmit volume coils at high magnetic fields (≥ 4 T). Due to RF field/ tissue interactions at high fields, 4–8 T, the transmit profile from head-sized volume coils shows a distinctive pattern with relatively strong RF magnetic field B1 in the center of the brain. Materials and Methods In contrast to conventional volume coils at high field strengths, surface coil phased arrays can provide increased RF field strength peripherally. In theory, simultaneous transmission from these two devices could produce a more homogeneous transmission field. To minimize interactions between the phased array and the volume coil, counter rotating current (CRC) surface coils consisting of two parallel rings carrying opposite currents were used for the phased array. Results Numerical simulations and experimental data demonstrate that substantial improvements in transmit field homogeneity can be obtained. Conclusion We have demonstrated the feasibility of using simultaneous transmission with human head-sized volume coils and CRC phased arrays to improve homogeneity of the transmit RF B1 field for high-field MRI systems. PMID:20677280

Probing ultrafast spin dynamics with high-harmonic magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Willems, F.; Smeenk, C. T. L.; Zhavoronkov, N.; Kornilov, O.; Radu, I.; Schmidbauer, M.; Hanke, M.; von Korff Schmising, C.; Vrakking, M. J. J.; Eisebitt, S.

2015-12-01

Magnetic circular dichroism in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral range is a powerful technique for element-specific probing of magnetization in multicomponent magnetic alloys and multilayers. We combine a high-harmonic generation source with a λ /4 phase shifter to obtain circularly polarized XUV femtosecond pulses for ultrafast magnetization studies. We report on simultaneously measured resonant magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) of Co and Ni at their respective M2 ,3 edges and of Pt at its O edge, originating from interface magnetism. We present a time-resolved MCD absorption measurement of a thin magnetic Pt/Co/Pt film, showing simultaneous demagnetization of Co and Pt on a femtosecond time scale.

Simultaneous constraint and phase conversion processing of oxide superconductors

DOEpatents

Li, Qi; Thompson, Elliott D.; Riley, Jr., Gilbert N.; Hellstrom, Eric E.; Larbalestier, David C.; DeMoranville, Kenneth L.; Parrell, Jeffrey A.; Reeves, Jodi L.

2003-04-29

A method of making an oxide superconductor article includes subjecting an oxide superconductor precursor to a texturing operation to orient grains of the oxide superconductor precursor to obtain a highly textured precursor; and converting the textured oxide superconducting precursor into an oxide superconductor, while simultaneously applying a force to the precursor which at least matches the expansion force experienced by the precursor during phase conversion to the oxide superconductor. The density and the degree of texture of the oxide superconductor precursor are retained during phase conversion. The constraining force may be applied isostatically.

A Framework for Final Drive Simultaneous Failure Diagnosis Based on Fuzzy Entropy and Sparse Bayesian Extreme Learning Machine

PubMed Central

Ye, Qing; Pan, Hao; Liu, Changhua

2015-01-01

This research proposes a novel framework of final drive simultaneous failure diagnosis containing feature extraction, training paired diagnostic models, generating decision threshold, and recognizing simultaneous failure modes. In feature extraction module, adopt wavelet package transform and fuzzy entropy to reduce noise interference and extract representative features of failure mode. Use single failure sample to construct probability classifiers based on paired sparse Bayesian extreme learning machine which is trained only by single failure modes and have high generalization and sparsity of sparse Bayesian learning approach. To generate optimal decision threshold which can convert probability output obtained from classifiers into final simultaneous failure modes, this research proposes using samples containing both single and simultaneous failure modes and Grid search method which is superior to traditional techniques in global optimization. Compared with other frequently used diagnostic approaches based on support vector machine and probability neural networks, experiment results based on F 1-measure value verify that the diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of the proposed framework which are crucial for simultaneous failure diagnosis are superior to the existing approach. PMID:25722717

Modeling Terminal Velocity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brand, Neal; Quintanilla, John A.

2013-01-01

Using a simultaneously falling softball as a stopwatch, the terminal velocity of a whiffle ball can be obtained to surprisingly high accuracy with only common household equipment. This classroom activity engages students in an apparently daunting task that nevertheless is tractable, using a simple model and mathematical techniques at their…

Demulsification of water/oil/solid emulsions by hollow-fiber membranes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tirmizi, N.P.; Raghuraman, B.; Wiencek, J.

1996-05-01

The demulsification techniques investigated use preferential surface wetting to allow separation of oil and water phases in ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes. A hydrophobic membrane allows the permeation of an oil phase at almost zero pressure and retains the water phase, even though the molecular weight of the water molecule (18) is much smaller than that of the oil molecule (198 for tetradecane, used in this study). Hydrophobic membranes having pore sizes from 0.02 to 0.2 {micro}m were tested for demulsification of water-in-oil emulsions and water/oil/solid mixtures. The dispersed (aqueous)-phase drop sizes ranged from 1 to 5 {micro}m. High separation rates,more » as well as good permeate quality, were obtained with microfiltration membranes. Water content of permeating oil was 32--830 ppm depending on operating conditions and interfacial properties. For emulsions with high surfactant content, simultaneous operation of a hydrophobic and hydrophilic membrane, or simultaneous membrane separation with electric demulsification was more efficient in obtaining complete phase separation.« less

Sustained modelling ability of artificial neural networks in the analysis of two pharmaceuticals (dextropropoxyphene and dipyrone) present in unequal concentrations.

PubMed

Cámara, María S; Ferroni, Félix M; De Zan, Mercedes; Goicoechea, Héctor C

2003-07-01

An improvement is presented on the simultaneous determination of two active ingredients present in unequal concentrations in injections. The analysis was carried out with spectrophotometric data and non-linear multivariate calibration methods, in particular artificial neural networks (ANNs). The presence of non-linearities caused by the major analyte concentrations which deviate from Beer's law was confirmed by plotting actual vs. predicted concentrations, and observing curvatures in the residuals for the estimated concentrations with linear methods. Mixtures of dextropropoxyphene and dipyrone have been analysed by using linear and non-linear partial least-squares (PLS and NPLSs) and ANNs. Notwithstanding the high degree of spectral overlap and the occurrence of non-linearities, rapid and simultaneous analysis has been achieved, with reasonably good accuracy and precision. A commercial sample was analysed by using the present methodology, and the obtained results show reasonably good agreement with those obtained by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a UV-spectrophotometric comparative methods.

Simultaneous isolation of high-quality DNA, RNA, miRNA and proteins from tissues for genomic applications

PubMed Central

Peña-Llopis, Samuel; Brugarolas, James

2014-01-01

Genomic technologies have revolutionized our understanding of complex Mendelian diseases and cancer. Solid tumors present several challenges for genomic analyses, such as tumor heterogeneity and tumor contamination with surrounding stroma and infiltrating lymphocytes. We developed a protocol to (i) select tissues of high cellular purity on the basis of histological analyses of immediately flanking sections and (ii) simultaneously extract genomic DNA (gDNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), noncoding RNA (ncRNA; enriched in microRNA (miRNA)) and protein from the same tissues. After tissue selection, about 12–16 extractions of DNA/RNA/protein can be obtained per day. Compared with other similar approaches, this fast and reliable methodology allowed us to identify mutations in tumors with remarkable sensitivity and to perform integrative analyses of whole-genome and exome data sets, DNA copy numbers (by single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays), gene expression data (by transcriptome profiling and quantitative PCR (qPCR)) and protein levels (by western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis) from the same samples. Although we focused on renal cell carcinoma, this protocol may be adapted with minor changes to any human or animal tissue to obtain high-quality and high-yield nucleic acids and proteins. PMID:24136348

Method for simultaneous measurement of mass loading and fluid property changes using a quartz crystal microbalance

DOEpatents

Granstaff, Victoria E.; Martin, Stephen J.

1993-01-01

A method, using a quartz crystal microbalance, to obtain simultaneous measurement of solid mass accumulation and changes in liquid density-viscosity product. The simultaneous real-time measurements of electrical parameters yields that changes in surface mass can be differentiated from changes in solution properties. Two methods to obtain the admittance/frequency data are employed.

Recyclable amplification for single-photon entanglement from photon loss and decoherence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Lan; Chen, Ling-Quan; Zhong, Wei; Sheng, Yu-Bo

2018-01-01

We put forward a highly efficient recyclable single-photon assisted amplification protocol, which can protect single-photon entanglement (SPE) from photon loss and decoherence. Making use of quantum nondemolition detection gates constructed with the help of cross-Kerr nonlinearity, our protocol has some attractive advantages. First, the parties can recover less-entangled SPE to be maximally entangled SPE, and reduce photon loss simultaneously. Second, if the protocol fails, the parties can repeat the protocol to reuse some discarded items, which can increase the success probability. Third, when the protocol is successful, they can similarly repeat the protocol to further increase the fidelity of the SPE. Thereby, our protocol provides a possible way to obtain high entanglement, high fidelity and high success probability simultaneously. In particular, our protocol shows higher success probability in the practical high photon loss channel. Based on the above features, our amplification protocol has potential for future application in long-distance quantum communication.

Development of gamma-photon/Cerenkov-light hybrid system for simultaneous imaging of I-131 radionuclide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yamamoto, Seiichi; Suzuki, Mayumi; Kato, Katsuhiko; Watabe, Tadashi; Ikeda, Hayato; Kanai, Yasukazu; Ogata, Yoshimune; Hatazawa, Jun

2016-09-01

Although iodine 131 (I-131) is used for radionuclide therapy, high resolution images are difficult to obtain with conventional gamma cameras because of the high energy of I-131 gamma photons (364 keV). Cerenkov-light imaging is a possible method for beta emitting radionuclides, and I-131 (606 MeV maximum beta energy) is a candidate to obtain high resolution images. We developed a high energy gamma camera system for I-131 radionuclide and combined it with a Cerenkov-light imaging system to form a gamma-photon/Cerenkov-light hybrid imaging system to compare the simultaneously measured images of these two modalities. The high energy gamma imaging detector used 0.85-mm×0.85-mm×10-mm thick GAGG scintillator pixels arranged in a 44×44 matrix with a 0.1-mm thick reflector and optical coupled to a Hamamatsu 2 in. square position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT: H12700 MOD). The gamma imaging detector was encased in a 2 cm thick tungsten shield, and a pinhole collimator was mounted on its top to form a gamma camera system. The Cerenkov-light imaging system was made of a high sensitivity cooled CCD camera. The Cerenkov-light imaging system was combined with the gamma camera using optical mirrors to image the same area of the subject. With this configuration, we simultaneously imaged the gamma photons and the Cerenkov-light from I-131 in the subjects. The spatial resolution and sensitivity of the gamma camera system for I-131 were respectively 3 mm FWHM and 10 cps/MBq for the high sensitivity collimator at 10 cm from the collimator surface. The spatial resolution of the Cerenkov-light imaging system was 0.64 mm FWHM at 10 cm from the system surface. Thyroid phantom and rat images were successfully obtained with the developed gamma-photon/Cerenkov-light hybrid imaging system, allowing direct comparison of these two modalities. Our developed gamma-photon/Cerenkov-light hybrid imaging system will be useful to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of these two modalities.

Method for simultaneous measurement of mass loading and fluid property changes using a quartz crystal microbalance

DOEpatents

Granstaff, V.E.; Martin, S.J.

1993-04-13

A method is described, using a quartz crystal microbalance, to obtain simultaneous measurement of solid mass accumulation and changes in liquid density-viscosity product. The simultaneous real-time measurements of electrical parameters yields that changes in surface mass can be differentiated from changes in solution properties. Two methods to obtain the admittance/frequency data are employed.

Summary and Evaluation of the Strategic Defense Initiative Space Power Architecture Study

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-03-01

coolant as fuel) and operates at high efficiency . It was also lower in vibration and dynamic effects than the combustion turbine. The fuel cell ...achievable with development. The main question with fuel cells is — can both high power density and high efficiency be achieved simultaneously? In...energy in a flywheel, fuel cell (power an electrolyzer) or battery. High power for weapon burst is obtained by discharging the storage device over a

A 3D MR-acquisition scheme for nonrigid bulk motion correction in simultaneous PET-MR

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kolbitsch, Christoph, E-mail: christoph.1.kolbitsch@kcl.ac.uk; Prieto, Claudia; Schaeffter, Tobias

Purpose: Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive medical imaging technique commonly used to detect and assess tumor lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides high resolution anatomical images with different contrasts and a range of additional information important for cancer diagnosis. Recently, simultaneous PET-MR systems have been released with the promise to provide complementary information from both modalities in a single examination. Due to long scan times, subject nonrigid bulk motion, i.e., changes of the patient's position on the scanner table leading to nonrigid changes of the patient's anatomy, during data acquisition can negatively impair image quality and tracermore » uptake quantification. A 3D MR-acquisition scheme is proposed to detect and correct for nonrigid bulk motion in simultaneously acquired PET-MR data. Methods: A respiratory navigated three dimensional (3D) MR-acquisition with Radial Phase Encoding (RPE) is used to obtain T1- and T2-weighted data with an isotropic resolution of 1.5 mm. Healthy volunteers are asked to move the abdomen two to three times during data acquisition resulting in overall 19 movements at arbitrary time points. The acquisition scheme is used to retrospectively reconstruct dynamic 3D MR images with different temporal resolutions. Nonrigid bulk motion is detected and corrected in this image data. A simultaneous PET acquisition is simulated and the effect of motion correction is assessed on image quality and standardized uptake values (SUV) for lesions with different diameters. Results: Six respiratory gated 3D data sets with T1- and T2-weighted contrast have been obtained in healthy volunteers. All bulk motion shifts have successfully been detected and motion fields describing the transformation between the different motion states could be obtained with an accuracy of 1.71 ± 0.29 mm. The PET simulation showed errors of up to 67% in measured SUV due to bulk motion which could be reduced to less than 10% with the proposed motion compensation approach. Conclusions: A MR acquisition scheme which yields both high resolution 3D anatomical data and highly accurate nonrigid motion information without an increase in scan time is presented. The proposed method leads to a strong improvement in both MR and PET image quality and ensures an accurate assessment of tracer uptake.« less

Fumaric Acid Production from Alkali-Pretreated Corncob by Fed-Batch Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Combined with Separated Hydrolysis and Fermentation at High Solids Loading.

PubMed

Li, Xin; Zhou, Jin; Ouyang, Shuiping; Ouyang, Jia; Yong, Qiang

2017-02-01

Production of fumaric acid from alkali-pretreated corncob (APC) at high solids loading was investigated using a combination of separated hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) by Rhizopus oryzae. Four different fermentation modes were tested to maximize fumaric acid concentration at high solids loading. The highest concentration of 41.32 g/L fumaric acid was obtained from 20 % (w/v) APC at 38 °C in the combined SHF and fed-batch SSF process, compared with 19.13 g/L fumaric acid in batch SSF alone. The results indicated that a combination of SHF and fed-batch SSF significantly improved production of fumaric acid from lignocellulose by R. oryzae than that achieved with batch SSF at high solids loading.

Simultaneous Neutron and X-ray Tomography for Quantitative analysis of Geological Samples

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

LaManna, J.; Hussey, D. S.; Baltic, E.; Jacobson, D. L.

2016-12-01

Multiphase flow is a critical area of research for shale gas, oil recovery, underground CO2 sequestration, geothermal power, and aquifer management. It is critical to understand the porous structure of the geological formations in addition to the fluid/pore and fluid/fluid interactions. Difficulties for analyzing flow characteristics of rock cores are in obtaining 3D distribution information on the fluid flow and maintaining the cores in a state for other analysis methods. Two powerful non-destructive methods for obtaining 3D structural and compositional information are X-ray and neutron tomography. X-ray tomography produces information on density and structure while neutrons excel at acquiring the liquid phase and produces compositional information. These two methods can offer strong complementary information but are typically conducted at separate times and often at different facilities. This poses issues for obtaining dynamic and stochastic information as the sample will change between analysis modes. To address this, NIST has developed a system that allows for multimodal, simultaneous tomography using thermal neutrons and X-rays by placing a 90 keVp micro-focus X-ray tube 90° to the neutron beam. High pressure core holders that simulate underground conditions have been developed to facilitate simultaneous tomography. These cells allow for the control of confining pressure, axial load, temperature, and fluid flow through the core. This talk will give an overview the simultaneous neutron and x-ray tomography capabilities at NIST, the benefits of multimodal imaging, environmental equipment for geology studies, and several case studies that have been conducted at NIST.

Sensitive analytical method for simultaneous analysis of some vasoconstrictors with highly overlapped analytical signals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nikolić, G. S.; Žerajić, S.; Cakić, M.

2011-10-01

Multivariate calibration method is a powerful mathematical tool that can be applied in analytical chemistry when the analytical signals are highly overlapped. The method with regression by partial least squares is proposed for the simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of adrenergic vasoconstrictors in decongestive solution containing two active components: phenyleprine hydrochloride and trimazoline hydrochloride. These sympathomimetic agents are that frequently associated in pharmaceutical formulations against the common cold. The proposed method, which is, simple and rapid, offers the advantages of sensitivity and wide range of determinations without the need for extraction of the vasoconstrictors. In order to minimize the optimal factors necessary to obtain the calibration matrix by multivariate calibration, different parameters were evaluated. The adequate selection of the spectral regions proved to be important on the number of factors. In order to simultaneously quantify both hydrochlorides among excipients, the spectral region between 250 and 290 nm was selected. A recovery for the vasoconstrictor was 98-101%. The developed method was applied to assay of two decongestive pharmaceutical preparations.

Simultaneous measurement of breathing rate and heart rate using a microbend multimode fiber optic sensor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Zhihao; Lau, Doreen; Teo, Ju Teng; Ng, Soon Huat; Yang, Xiufeng; Kei, Pin Lin

2014-05-01

We propose and demonstrate the feasibility of using a highly sensitive microbend multimode fiber optic sensor for simultaneous measurement of breathing rate (BR) and heart rate (HR). The sensing system consists of a transceiver, microbend multimode fiber, and a computer. The transceiver is comprised of an optical transmitter, an optical receiver, and circuits for data communication with the computer via Bluetooth. Comparative experiments conducted between the sensor and predicate commercial physiologic devices showed an accuracy of ±2 bpm for both BR and HR measurement. Our preliminary study of simultaneous measurement of BR and HR in a clinical trial conducted on 11 healthy subjects during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) also showed very good agreement with measurements obtained from conventional MR-compatible devices.

Simultaneous measurements of density field and wavefront distortions in high speed flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

George, Jacob; Jenkins, Thomas; Trolinger, James; Hess, Cecil; Buckner, Benjamin

2017-09-01

This paper presents results from simultaneous measurements of fluid density and the resulting wavefront distortions in a sonic underexpanded jet. The density measurements were carried out using Rayleigh scattering, and the optical distortions were measured using a wavefront sensor based on phase shifting interferometry. The measurements represent a preliminary step toward relating wavefront distortions to a specific flow structure. The measured density field is used to compute the phase distortions using a wave propagation model based on a geometric-optics approximation, and the computed phase map shows moderate agreement with that obtained using the wavefront sensor.

Simultaneous Online Measurement of H2O and CO2 in the Humid CO2 Adsorption/Desorption Process.

PubMed

Yu, Qingni; Ye, Sha; Zhu, Jingke; Lei, Lecheng; Yang, Bin

2015-01-01

A dew point meter (DP) and an infrared (IR) CO2 analyzer were assembled in a humid CO2 adsorption/desorption system in series for simultaneous online measurements of H2O and CO2, respectively. The humidifier, by using surface-flushing on a saturated brine solution was self-made for the generation of humid air flow. It was found that by this method it became relatively easy to obtain a low H2O content in air flow and that its fluctuation could be reduced compared to the bubbling method. Water calibration for the DP-IR detector is necessary to be conducted for minimizing the measurement error of H2O. It demonstrated that the relative error (RA) for simultaneous online measurements H2O and CO2 in the desorption process is lower than 0.1%. The high RA in the adsorption of H2O is attributed to H2O adsorption on the transfer pipe and amplification of the measurement error. The high accuracy of simultaneous online measurements of H2O and CO2 is promising for investigating their co-adsorption/desorption behaviors, especially for direct CO2 capture from ambient air.

Single-shot Z(eff) dense plasma diagnostic through simultaneous refraction and attenuation measurements with a Talbot-Lau x-ray moiré deflectometer.

PubMed

Valdivia, M P; Stutman, D; Finkenthal, M

2015-04-01

The Talbot-Lau x-ray moiré deflectometer is a powerful plasma diagnostic capable of delivering simultaneous refraction and attenuation information through the accurate detection of x-ray phase shift and intensity. The diagnostic can provide the index of refraction n=1-δ+iβ of an object (dense plasma, for example) placed in the x-ray beam by independently measuring both δ and β, which are directly related to the electron density n(e) and the attenuation coefficient μ, respectively. Since δ and β depend on the effective atomic number Z(eff), a map can be obtained from the ratio between phase and absorption images acquired in a single shot. The Talbot-Lau x-ray moiré deflectometer and its corresponding data acquisition and processing are briefly described to illustrate how the above is achieved; Z(eff) values of test objects within the 4-12 range were obtained experimentally through simultaneous refraction and attenuation measurements. We show that Z(eff) mapping of objects does not require previous knowledge of sample length or shape. The determination of Z(eff) from refraction and attenuation measurements with moiré deflectometry could be of high interest to various domains of high energy density research, such as shocked materials and inertial confinement fusion experiments, as well as material science and nondestructive testing.

Investigation of the impact of imposed air inlet velocity oscillations on the formation and oxidation of soot using simultaneous 2-Colour-TIRE-LII

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aleksandrov, A.; Suntz, R.; Bockhorn, H.

2015-05-01

The response of non-premixed swirling flames to acoustic perturbations at various frequencies (0-350 Hz) and the impact of imposed air inlet velocity oscillations on the formation and oxidation of soot are investigated. The results obtained from these flames are of special interest for "rich-quenched-lean" (RQL) combustion concepts applied in modern gas turbines. In RQL combustion, the fuel is initially oxidized by air under fuel-rich conditions in a first stage followed by a fuel-lean combustion step in a second stage. To mimic soot formation and oxidation in RQL combustion, soot particle measurements in highly turbulent, non-premixed swirling natural gas/ethylene-confined flames at imposed air inlet velocity oscillations are performed using simultaneous 2-Colour-Time-Resolved-Laser-Induced Incandescence (simultaneous 2-Colour-TIRE-LII). The latter technique is combined with line-of-sight averaged OH*-chemiluminescence imaging, measurements of the velocity field by high-speed particle imaging velocimetry under reactive combustion conditions and measurements of the mean temperature field obtained by a thermocouple. A natural gas/ethylene mixture (Φ = 1.56, 42 % C2H4, 58 % natural gas, P th = 17.6 kW at atmospheric pressure) is used as a fuel, which is oxidized by air under fuel-rich conditions in the first combustion chamber.

Simultaneous saccharification and aerobic fermentation of high titer cellulosic citric acid by filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger.

PubMed

Hou, Weiliang; Bao, Jie

2018-04-01

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) is the most efficient operation in biorefining conversion, but aerobic SSF under high solids loading significantly faces the serious oxygen transfer limitation. This study took the first insight into an aerobic SSF by high oxygen demanding filamentous fungi in highly viscous lignocellulose hydrolysate. The results show that oxygen requirement in the aerobic SSF by Aspergillus niger was well satisfied for production of cellulosic citric acid. The record high citric acid titer of 136.3 g/L and the overall conversion yield of 74.9% of cellulose were obtained by the aerobic SSF. The advantage of SSF to the separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) on citric acid fermentation was compared based on the rigorous Aspen Plus modeling. The techno-economic analysis indicates that the minimum citric acid selling price (MCSP) of $0.603 per kilogram by SSF was highly competitive with the commercial citric acid from starch feedstock. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Simultaneous determination of vinclozolin and detection of its degradation products in mouse plasma, serum and urine, and from rabbit bile, by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PubMed

Dhananjeyan, Mugunthu R; Erhardt, Paul W; Corbitt, Cynthia

2006-05-19

A specific high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for simultaneous detection of vinclozolin and its degradation products (M1, M2, and M3). The method has been validated according to ICH guidelines and can be extended to quantitation of vinclozolin. A base-line separation of vinclozolin and its degradation products was found with symmetrical peak shapes on an XTerra MS C18 column using 10 mM ammonium bicarbonate at pH 9.2 and acetonitrile as mobile phase. The retention times of vinclozolin, M1, M2, and M3 were 12.8, 8.1, 11.6, and 11.1 min, respectively. A linear calibration curve was obtained across a range from 5 to 200 microM for vinclozolin. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations (%RSD) were <1%. Greater than 90% recoveries of vinclozolin from bio-fluids including mouse plasma, serum and urine, and rabbit bile, were obtained in a single step with a single solvent.

Simultaneous Detection of Dopamine and Uric Acid Using a Poly(l-lysine)/Graphene Oxide Modified Electrode

PubMed Central

Zhang, Yuehua; Lei, Wu; Xu, Yujuan; Xia, Xifeng; Hao, Qingli

2016-01-01

A novel, simple and selective electrochemical method was investigated for the simultaneous detection of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) on a poly(l-lysine)/graphene oxide (GO) modified glassy carbon electrode (PLL/GO/GCE) by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The electrochemically prepared PLL/GO sensory platform toward the oxidation of UA and DA exhibited several advantages, including high effective surface area, more active sites and enhanced electrochemical activity. Compared to the PLL-modified GCE (PLL/GCE), GO-modified GCE and bare GCE, the PLL/GO/GCE exhibited an increase in the anodic potential difference and a remarkable enhancement in the current responses for both UA and DA. For the simultaneous detection of DA and UA, the detection limits of 0.021 and 0.074 μM were obtained, while 0.031 and 0.018 μM were obtained as the detection limits for the selective detection of UA and DA, using DPV in the linear concentration ranges of 0.5 to 20.0 and 0.5 to 35 μM, respectively. In addition, the PLL/GO/GCE demonstrated good reproducibility, long-term stability, excellent selectivity and negligible interference of ascorbic acid (AA). The proposed modified electrode was successfully implemented in the simultaneous detection of DA and UA in human blood serum, urine and dopamine hydrochloride injection with satisfactory results. PMID:28335305

DETERMINATION OF VENLAFAXINE, VILAZODONE AND THEIR MAIN ACTIVE METABOLITES IN HUMAN SERUM BY HPLC-DAD AND HPLC-MS.

PubMed

Petruczynik, Anna; Wroblewski, Karol; Szultka-Mlynska, Malgorzata; Buszewsk, Boguslaw; Karakula-Juchnowicz, Hanna; Gajewski, Jacek; Morylowska-Topolska, Justyna; Waksmundzka-Hajnosi, Monika

2017-05-01

A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for simultaneous analysis of venlafaxine and its major metabolite 0-desmethylvenlafaxine and vilazodone and its methabolite M10 have been devel- oped and validated. Chromatography was performed on the Phenyl-Hexyl column with mobile phase containing methanol, acetate buffer at pH 3.5 and diethylamine. The application of stationary phase with 7r-7c moieties and mobile phase containing diethylamine as silanol blocker lets to obtain double protection against silanols and thus very high theoretical plate numbers were obtained. The good separation selectivity, good peaks' symmetry and very high systems efficiency for all investigated compounds were obtained in applied chromatographic system. The method is very efficient and suitable for the analysis of investigated drugs and their metabolites in human serum for patients' pharmacotherapy control.

Short Communication An efficient method for simultaneous extraction of high-quality RNA and DNA from various plant tissues.

PubMed

Oliveira, R R; Viana, A J C; Reátegui, A C E; Vincentz, M G A

2015-12-29

Determination of gene expression is an important tool to study biological processes and relies on the quality of the extracted RNA. Changes in gene expression profiles may be directly related to mutations in regulatory DNA sequences or alterations in DNA cytosine methylation, which is an epigenetic mark. Correlation of gene expression with DNA sequence or epigenetic mark polymorphism is often desirable; for this, a robust protocol to isolate high-quality RNA and DNA simultaneously from the same sample is required. Although commercial kits and protocols are available, they are mainly optimized for animal tissues and, in general, restricted to RNA or DNA extraction, not both. In the present study, we describe an efficient and accessible method to extract both RNA and DNA simultaneously from the same sample of various plant tissues, using small amounts of starting material. The protocol was efficient in the extraction of high-quality nucleic acids from several Arabidopsis thaliana tissues (e.g., leaf, inflorescence stem, flower, fruit, cotyledon, seedlings, root, and embryo) and from other tissues of non-model plants, such as Avicennia schaueriana (Acanthaceae), Theobroma cacao (Malvaceae), Paspalum notatum (Poaceae), and Sorghum bicolor (Poaceae). The obtained nucleic acids were used as templates for downstream analyses, such as mRNA sequencing, quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction, bisulfite treatment, and others; the results were comparable to those obtained with commercial kits. We believe that this protocol could be applied to a broad range of plant species, help avoid technical and sampling biases, and facilitate several RNA- and DNA-dependent analyses.

Simultaneous determination of V, Ni and Fe in fuel fly ash using solid sampling high resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.

PubMed

Cárdenas Valdivia, A; Vereda Alonso, E; López Guerrero, M M; Gonzalez-Rodriguez, J; Cano Pavón, J M; García de Torres, A

2018-03-01

A green and simple method has been proposed in this work for the simultaneous determination of V, Ni and Fe in fuel ash samples by solid sampling high resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (SS HR CS GFAAS). The application of fast programs in combination with direct solid sampling allows eliminating pretreatment steps, involving minimal manipulation of sample. Iridium treated platforms were applied throughout the present study, enabling the use of aqueous standards for calibration. Correlation coefficients for the calibration curves were typically better than 0.9931. The concentrations found in the fuel ash samples analysed ranged from 0.66% to 4.2% for V, 0.23-0.7% for Ni and 0.10-0.60% for Fe. Precision (%RSD) were 5.2%, 10.0% and 9.8% for V, Ni and Fe, respectively, obtained as the average of the %RSD of six replicates of each fuel ash sample. The optimum conditions established were applied to the determination of the target analytes in fuel ash samples. In order to test the accuracy and applicability of the proposed method in the analysis of samples, five ash samples from the combustion of fuel in power stations, were analysed. The method accuracy was evaluated by comparing the results obtained using the proposed method with the results obtained by ICP OES previous acid digestion. The results showed good agreement between them. The goal of this work has been to develop a fast and simple methodology that permits the use of aqueous standards for straightforward calibration and the simultaneous determination of V, Ni and Fe in fuel ash samples by direct SS HR CS GFAAS. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Simultaneous treatment (cell disruption and lipid extraction) of wet microalgae using hydrodynamic cavitation for enhancing the lipid yield.

PubMed

Lee, Ilgyu; Han, Jong-In

2015-06-01

Simultaneous treatment (combining with cell disruption and lipid extraction) using hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was applied to Nannochloropsis salina to demonstrate a simple and integrated way to produce oil from wet microalgae. A high lipid yield from the HC (25.9-99.0%) was observed compared with autoclave (16.2-66.5%) and ultrasonication (5.4-26.9%) in terms of the specific energy input (500-10,000 kJ/kg). The optimal conditions for the simultaneous treatment were established using a statistical approach. The efficiency of the simultaneous method was also demonstrated by comparing each separate treatment. The maximum lipid yield (predicted: 45.9% and experimental: 45.5%) was obtained using 0.89% sulfuric acid with a cavitation number of 1.17 for a reaction time of 25.05 min via response surface methodology. Considering its comparable extractability, energy-efficiency, and potential for scale-up, HC may be a promising method to achieve industrial-scale microalgae operation. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Continuous wave dye-laser technique for simultaneous, spatially resolved measurements of temperature, pressure, and velocity of NO in an underexpanded free jet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Di Rosa, Michael D.; Chang, Albert Y.; Hanson, Ronald K.

1993-01-01

Gas dynamic quantities within an underexpanded nitrogen free jet, seeded with 0.5 percent NO, were measured nonintrusively by using an intracavity-doubled, rapid-tuning, CW ring dye laser. The UV beam passed obliquely through the jet axis, and its frequency repetitively scanned across adjacent rotational lines in the NO gamma band near 225 nm at a rate of 4 kHz. Spatially resolved excitation scans were obtained by monitoring the induced broadband fluoresence. Modeling the Doppler-shifted excitation scans with Voigt profiles permitted simultaneous determinations of NO velocity, rotational temperature, and pressure. Zero Doppler shift was referenced to an absorption trace obtained across a static cell and recorded concurrently with the excitation scan. Typically, the measured and predicted axial distributions agreed within 10 percent. At high Mach numbers there was evidence of rotational freezing of NO.

Detoxification of castor bean residues and the simultaneous production of tannase and phytase by solid-state fermentation using Paecilomyces variotii.

PubMed

Madeira, Jose Valdo; Macedo, Juliana Alves; Macedo, Gabriela Alves

2011-08-01

In this work, we introduce a biological detoxification method that converts toxic waste from castor beans into animal feed material. This method simultaneously induces the production of tannase and phytase by Paecilomyces variotii; both enzymes have high levels of activity and have the potential to be used in feedstuffs because they decrease overall anti-nutritional factors. The maximum tannase and phytase activities obtained were 2600 and 260 U/g after 48 and 72 h, respectively. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of the fermented castor cake extracts revealed a reduction in ricin bands during fermentation, and the bands were no longer visible after 48 h. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was evaluated by MTT testing on RAW cells, and a progressive increase in cellular viability was obtained, reaching almost 100% after 72 h of fermentation. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

High Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Induces Both Acute and Persistent Changes in Broadband Cortical Synchronization: a Simultaneous tDCS-EEG Study

PubMed Central

Roy, Abhrajeet; Baxter, Bryan

2014-01-01

The goal of this study was to develop methods for simultaneously acquiring electrophysiological data during high definition transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) using high resolution electroencephalography (EEG). Previous studies have pointed to the after effects of tDCS on both motor and cognitive performance, and there appears to be potential for using tDCS in a variety of clinical applications. However, little is known about the real-time effects of tDCS on rhythmic cortical activity in humans due to the technical challenges of simultaneously obtaining electrophysiological data during ongoing stimulation. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action of tDCS in humans are not well understood. We have conducted a simultaneous tDCS-EEG study in a group of healthy human subjects. Significant acute and persistent changes in spontaneous neural activity and event related synchronization (ERS) were observed during and after the application of high definition tDCS over the left sensorimotor cortex. Both anodal and cathodal stimulation resulted in acute global changes in broadband cortical activity which were significantly different than the changes observed in response to sham stimulation. For the group of 8 subjects studied, broadband individual changes in spontaneous activity during stimulation were apparent both locally and globally. In addition, we found that high definition tDCS of the left sensorimotor cortex can induce significant ipsilateral and contralateral changes in event related desynchronization (ERD) and ERS during motor imagination following the end of the stimulation period. Overall, our results demonstrate the feasibility of acquiring high resolution EEG during high definition tDCS and provide evidence that tDCS in humans directly modulates rhythmic cortical synchronization during and after its administration. PMID:24956615

Simultaneous multiscale measurements on dynamic deformation of a magnesium alloy with synchrotron x-ray imaging and diffraction

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lu, L.; Sun, T.; Fezzaa, K.

Dynamic split Hopkinson pressure bar experiments with in situ synchrotron x-ray imaging and diffraction are conducted on a rolled magnesium alloy at high strain rates of ~5500 s-1. High speed multiscale measurements including stress–strain curves (macroscale), strain fields (mesoscale), and diffraction patterns (microscale) are obtained simultaneously, revealing strong anisotropy in deformation across different length scales. {1012} extension twinning induces homogenized strain fields and gives rise to rapid increase in strain hardening rate, while dislocation motion leads to inhomogeneous deformation and a decrease in strain hardening rate. During the early stage of plastic deformation, twinning is dominant in dynamic compression, whilemore » dislocation motion prevails in quasi-static loading, manifesting a strain-rate dependence of deformation.« less

Simultaneous quantitative determination of paracetamol and tramadol in tablet formulation using UV spectrophotometry and chemometric methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Glavanović, Siniša; Glavanović, Marija; Tomišić, Vladislav

2016-03-01

The UV spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous quantitative determination of paracetamol and tramadol in paracetamol-tramadol tablets were developed. The spectrophotometric data obtained were processed by means of partial least squares (PLS) and genetic algorithm coupled with PLS (GA-PLS) methods in order to determine the content of active substances in the tablets. The results gained by chemometric processing of the spectroscopic data were statistically compared with those obtained by means of validated ultra-high performance liquid chromatographic (UHPLC) method. The accuracy and precision of data obtained by the developed chemometric models were verified by analysing the synthetic mixture of drugs, and by calculating recovery as well as relative standard error (RSE). A statistically good agreement was found between the amounts of paracetamol determined using PLS and GA-PLS algorithms, and that obtained by UHPLC analysis, whereas for tramadol GA-PLS results were proven to be more reliable compared to those of PLS. The simplest and the most accurate and precise models were constructed by using the PLS method for paracetamol (mean recovery 99.5%, RSE 0.89%) and the GA-PLS method for tramadol (mean recovery 99.4%, RSE 1.69%).

Enhanced bioethanol production by fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation at high solid loading of Fenton reaction and sodium hydroxide sequentially pretreated sugarcane bagasse.

PubMed

Zhang, Teng; Zhu, Ming-Jun

2017-04-01

A study on the fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) of Fenton reaction combined with NaOH pretreated sugarcane bagasse (SCB) at a high solid loading of 10-30% (w/v) was investigated. Enzyme feeding mode, substrate feeding mode and combination of both were compared with the batch mode under respective solid loadings. Ethanol concentrations of above 80g/L were obtained in batch and enzyme feeding modes at a solid loading of 30% (w/v). Enzyme feeding mode was found to increase ethanol productivity and reduce enzyme loading to a value of 1.23g/L/h and 9FPU/g substrate, respectively. The present study provides an economically feasible process for high concentration bioethanol production. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Utilisation of adsorption and desorption for simultaneously improving protein crystallisation success rate and crystal quality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Yun-Zhu; Sun, Li-Hua; Oberthuer, Dominik; Zhang, Chen-Yan; Shi, Jian-Yu; di, Jiang-Lei; Zhang, Bao-Liang; Cao, Hui-Ling; Liu, Yong-Ming; Li, Jian; Wang, Qian; Huang, Huan-Huan; Liu, Jun; Schulz, Jan-Mirco; Zhang, Qiu-Yu; Zhao, Jian-Lin; Betzel, Christian; He, Jian-Hua; Yin, Da-Chuan

2014-12-01

High-quality protein crystals of suitable size are an important prerequisite for applying X-ray crystallography to determine the 3-dimensional structure of proteins. However, it is often difficult to obtain protein crystals of appropriate size and quality because nucleation and growth processes can be unsuccessful. Here, we show that by adsorbing proteins onto porous polystyrene-divinylbenzene microspheres (SDB) floating on the surface of the crystallisation solution, a localised high supersaturation region at the surface of the microspheres and a low supersaturation region below the microspheres can coexist in a single solution. The crystals will easily nucleate in the region of high supersaturation, but when they grow to a certain size, they will sediment to the region of low supersaturation and continue to grow. In this way, the probability of crystallisation and crystal quality can be simultaneously increased in a single solution without changing other crystallisation parameters.

High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of human haemoglobins. Simultaneous quantitation of foetal and glycated haemoglobins.

PubMed

Bisse, E; Wieland, H

1988-12-29

A high-performance liquid chromatographic system, which uses a weak cation exchanger (PolyCATA) together with Bis-Tris buffer (pH 6.47-7.0) and sodium acetate gradients, is described. Samples from adults and newborns were analysed and a clean separation of many minor and major normal and abnormal haemoglobin (Hb) variants was greatly improved. The method allows the separation of minor foetal haemoglobin (HbF) variants and the simultaneous quantitation of HbF and glycated HbA. HbF values correlated well with those obtained by the alkali denaturation method (r = 0.997). The glycated haemoglobin (HbAIc) levels measured in patients with high HbF concentrations correlated with the total glycated haemoglobin determined by bioaffinity chromatography (r = 0.973). The procedure is useful for diagnostic applications and affords an effective and sensitive way of examining blood samples for haemoglobin abnormalities.

Hot spots of Io

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pearl, J. C.; Sinton, W. M.

1982-01-01

The size and temperature, morphology and distribution, variability, possible absorption features, and processes of hot spots on Io are discussed, and an estimate of the global heat flux is made. Size and temperature information is deconvolved to obtain equivalent radius and temperature of hot spots, and simultaneously obtained Voyager thermal and imaging data is used to match hot sources with specific geologic features. In addition to their thermal output, it is possible that hot spots are also characterized by production of various gases and particulate materials; the spectral signature of SO2 has been seen. Origins for relatively stable, low temperature sources, transient high temperature sources, and relatively stable, high-tmperature sources are discussed.

Simultaneous quantification of endogenous and exogenous plasma glucose by isotope dilution LC-MS/MS with indirect MRM of the derivative tag.

PubMed

Yu, Lingling; Wen, Chao; Li, Xing; Fang, Shiqi; Yang, Lichuan; Wang, Tony; Hu, Kaifeng

2018-03-01

Quantification of endogenous and exogenous plasma glucose can help more comprehensively evaluate the glucose metabolic status. A ratio-based approach using isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ID LC-MS/MS) with indirect multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of the derivative tag was developed to simultaneously quantify endo-/exogenous plasma glucose. Using diluted D-[ 13 C 6 ] glucose as tracer of exogenous glucose, 12 C 6 / 13 C 6 glucoses were first derivatized and then data were acquired in MRM mode. The metabolism of exogenous glucose can be tracked and the concentration ratio of endo/exo-genous glucose can be measured by calculating the endo-/exo-genous glucose concentrations from peak area ratio of specific daughter ions. Joint application of selective derivatization and MRM analysis not only improves the sensitivity but also minimizes the interference from the background of plasma, which warrants the accuracy and reproducibility. Good agreement between the theoretical and calculated concentration ratios was obtained with a linear correlation coefficient (R) of 0.9969 in the range of D-glucose from 0.5 to 20.0 mM, which covers the healthy and diabetic physiological scenarios. Satisfactory reproducibility was obtained by evaluation of the intra- and inter-day precisions with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 5.16%, and relative recoveries of 85.96 to 95.92% were obtained at low, medium, and high concentration, respectively. The method was successfully applied to simultaneous determination of the endo-/exogenous glucose concentration in plasma of non-diabetic and type II diabetic cynomolgus monkeys. Graphical Abstract The scheme of the proposed ratio-based approach using isotope dilution LC-MS/MS with indirect MRM of the derivative tag for simultaneous quantification of endogenous and exogenous plasma glucose.

Quickly updatable hologram images with high performance photorefractive polymer composites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsutsumi, Naoto; Kinashi, Kenji; Nonomura, Asato; Sakai, Wataru

2012-02-01

We present here quickly updatable hologram images using high performance photorefractive (PR) polymer composite based on poly(N-vinyl carbazole) (PVCz). PVCz is one of the pioneer materials for photoconductive polymer. PVCz/7- DCST/CzEPA/TNF (44/35/20/1 by wt) gives high diffraction efficiency of 68 % at E = 45 V/μm with fast response speed. Response speed of optical diffraction is the key parameter for real-time 3D holographic display. Key parameter for obtaining quickly updatable hologram images is to control the glass transition temperature lower enough to enhance chromophore orientation. Object image of the reflected coin surface recorded with reference beam at 532 nm (green beam) in the PR polymer composite is simultaneously reconstructed using a red probe beam at 642 nm. Instead of using coin object, object image produced by a computer was displayed on a spatial light modulator (SLM) is used as an object for hologram. Reflected object beam from a SLM interfered with reference beam on PR polymer composite to record a hologram and simultaneously reconstructed by a red probe beam. Movie produced in a computer was recorded as a realtime hologram in the PR polymer composite and simultaneously clearly reconstructed with a video rate.

Welding characteristics of 27, 40 and 67 kHz ultrasonic plastic welding systems using fundamental- and higher-resonance frequencies.

PubMed

Tsujino, Jiromaru; Hongoh, Misugi; Yoshikuni, Masafumi; Hashii, Hidekazu; Ueoka, Tetsugi

2004-04-01

The welding characteristics of 27, 40 and 67 kHz ultrasonic plastic welding systems that are driven at only the fundamental-resonance frequency vibration were compared, and also those of the welding systems that were driven at the fundamental and several higher resonance frequencies simultaneously were studied. At high frequency, welding characteristics can be improved due to the larger vibration loss of plastic materials. For welding of rather thin or small specimens, as the fundamental frequency of these welding systems is higher and the numbers of driven higher frequencies are driven simultaneously, larger welded area and weld strength were obtained.

Effect of Heat Treatment on the Impact Toughness of `High-Chromium Cast Iron - Low Alloy Steel' Bimetal Components

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Özdemir, Z.

2017-03-01

A bimetallic `low-alloy steel - high-chromium cast iron' composite obtained by successive sand casting is studied and shown to have good cohesion on the interface and no casting defects. The hardness and the impact toughness of the bimetal increase simultaneously. The microstructure is more homogeneous after diffusion annealing at 1040°C, rapid cooling, and 3-h tempering at 270°C.

Measuring refractive index and volume of liquid under high pressure with optical coherence tomography and light microscopy.

PubMed

Wang, Donglin; Yang, Kun; Zhou, Yin

2016-03-20

Measuring the refractive index and volume of liquid under high pressure simultaneously is a big challenge. This paper proposed an alternative solution by combing optical coherence tomography with microscopy. An experiment for a feasibility study was carried out on polydimethylsiloxane liquid in a diamond anvil cell. The refractive index of the sample increased dramatically with pressure loaded, and the curve of pressure volume was also obtained.

Highly sensitive and simultaneous electrochemical determination of 2-aminophenol and 4-aminophenol based on poly(l-arginine)-β-cyclodextrin/carbon nanotubes@graphene nanoribbons modified electrode.

PubMed

Yi, Yinhui; Zhu, Gangbing; Wu, Xiangyang; Wang, Kun

2016-03-15

Owing to the similar characteristics and physiochemical property of 2-aminophenol (2-AP) and 4-aminophenol (4-AP), the highly sensitive simultaneous electrochemical determination of 2- and 4-AP is a great challenge. In this paper, by electropolymerizing β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and l-arginine (l-Arg) on the surface of carbon nanotubes@graphene nanoribbons (CNTs@GNRs) core-shell heterostructure, a P-β-CD-l-Arg/CNTs@GNRs nanohybrid modified electrode was prepared successfully, and it could exhibit the synergetic effects of β-CD (high host-guest recognition and enrichment ability), l-Arg (excellent electrocatalytic activity) and CNTs@GNRs (prominent electrochemical properties and large surface area), the P-β-CD-l-Arg/CNTs@GNRs modified electrode was used in the electrochemical determination of 2- and 4-AP, the results demonstrated that the highly sensitive and simultaneous determination of 2- and 4-AP is successfully achieved and the modified electrode has a linear response range of 25.0-1300.0 nM for both 2- and 4-AP, and the detection limits of 2- and 4-AP obtained in this work are 6.2 and 3.5 nM, respectively. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

SU-G-IeP4-09: Method of Human Eye Aberration Measurement Using Plenoptic Camera Over Large Field of View

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lv, Yang; Wang, Ruixing; Ma, Haotong

Purpose: The measurement based on Shack-Hartmann wave-front sensor(WFS), obtaining both the high and low order wave-front aberrations simultaneously and accurately, has been applied in the detection of human eyes aberration in recent years. However, Its application is limited by the small field of view (FOV), slight eye movement leads the optical bacon image exceeds the lenslet array which result in uncertain detection error. To overcome difficulties of precise eye location, the capacity of detecting eye wave-front aberration over FOV much larger than simply a single conjugate Hartmann WFS accurately and simultaneously is demanded. Methods: Plenoptic camera’s lenslet array subdivides themore » aperture light-field in spatial frequency domain, capture the 4-D light-field information. Data recorded by plenoptic cameras can be used to extract the wave-front phases associated to the eyes aberration. The corresponding theoretical model and simulation system is built up in this article to discuss wave-front measurement performance when utilizing plenoptic camera as wave-front sensor. Results: The simulation results indicate that the plenoptic wave-front method can obtain both the high and low order eyes wave-front aberration with the same accuracy as conventional system in single visual angle detectionand over FOV much larger than simply a single conjugate Hartmann systems. Meanwhile, simulation results show that detection of eye aberrations wave-front in different visual angle can be achieved effectively and simultaneously by plenoptic method, by both point and extended optical beacon from the eye. Conclusion: Plenoptic wave-front method possesses the feasibility in eye aberrations wave-front detection. With larger FOV, the method can effectively reduce the detection error brought by imprecise eye location and simplify the eye aberrations wave-front detection system comparing with which based on Shack-Hartmann WFS. Unique advantage of the plenoptic method lies in obtaining wave-front in different visual angle simultaneously, which provides an approach in building up 3-D model of eye refractor tomographically. Funded by the key Laboratory of High Power Laser and Physics, CAS Research Project of National University of Defense Technology No. JC13-07-01; National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 61205144.« less

Simultaneous utilization of soju industrial waste for silica production and its residue ash as effective cationic dye adsorbent

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Soju industrial waste is an important biomass resource. The present study is aimed to utilize soju industrial waste for silica extraction, and residual ash as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solution. High percentage of pure amorphous nanosilica was obtained ...

Determination of patulin in apple juice by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection.

PubMed

Bartolomé, B; Bengoechea, M L; Pérez-Ilzarbe, F J; Hernández, T; Estrella, I; Gómez-Cordovés, C

1994-03-25

A method is described for the detection of patulin in apple juice and the simultaneous determination of the phenolic composition. Spectral data obtained with diode-array detection showed that patulin can be easily distinguished from compounds eluting under the same conditions. The detection limit for patulin was 8.96 micrograms/l.

Magnetic Field "Flyby" Measurement Using a Smartphone's Magnetometer and Accelerometer Simultaneously

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Monteiro, Martin; Stari, Cecilia; Cabeza, Cecilia; Marti, Arturo C.

2017-01-01

The spatial dependence of magnetic fields in simple configurations is a common topic in introductory electromagnetism lessons, both in high school and in university courses. In typical experiments, magnetic fields and distances are obtained taking point-by-point values using a Hall sensor and a ruler, respectively. Here, we show how to take…

A novel GMO biosensor for rapid ultrasensitive and simultaneous detection of multiple DNA components in GMO products.

PubMed

Huang, Lin; Zheng, Lei; Chen, Yinji; Xue, Feng; Cheng, Lin; Adeloju, Samuel B; Chen, Wei

2015-04-15

Since the introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), there has been on-going and continuous concern and debates on the commercialization of products derived from GMOs. There is an urgent need for development of highly efficient analytical methods for rapid and high throughput screening of GMOs components, as required for appropriate labeling of GMO-derived foods, as well as for on-site inspection and import/export quarantine. In this study, we describe, for the first time, a multi-labeling based electrochemical biosensor for simultaneous detection of multiple DNA components of GMO products on the same sensing interface. Two-round signal amplification was applied by using both an exonuclease enzyme catalytic reaction and gold nanoparticle-based bio-barcode related strategies, respectively. Simultaneous multiple detections of different DNA components of GMOs were successfully achieved with satisfied sensitivity using this electrochemical biosensor. Furthermore, the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed approach was successfully demonstrated by application to various GMO products, including locally obtained and confirmed commercial GMO seeds and transgenetic plants. The proposed electrochemical biosensor demonstrated unique merits that promise to gain more interest in its use for rapid and on-site simultaneous multiple screening of different components of GMO products. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Single-shot Z eff dense plasma diagnostic through simultaneous refraction and attenuation measurements with a Talbot–Lau x-ray moiré deflectometer

DOE PAGES

Valdivia, M. P.; Stutman, D.; Finkenthal, M.

2015-03-23

The Talbot–Lau x-ray moiré deflectometer is a powerful plasma diagnostic capable of delivering simultaneous refraction and attenuation information through the accurate detection of x-ray phase shift and intensity. The diagnostic can provide the index of refraction n=1₋δ + iβ of an object (dense plasma, for example) placed in the x-ray beam by independently measuring both δ and β, which are directly related to the electron density n e and the attenuation coefficient μ respectively. Since δ and β depend on the effective atomic number Z eff, a map can be obtained from the ratio between phase and absorption images acquiredmore » in a single shot. The Talbot–Lau x-ray moiré deflectometer and its corresponding data acquisition and processing are briefly described to illustrate how the above is achieved; Z eff values of test objects within the 4₋12 range were obtained experimentally through simultaneous refraction and attenuation measurements. We show that Z eff mapping of objects does not require previous knowledge of sample length or shape. In conclusion, the determination of Z eff from refraction and attenuation measurements with moiré deflectometry could be of high interest to various domains of high energy density research, such as shocked materials and inertial confinement fusion experiments, as well as material science and nondestructive testing.« less

Accretion Rates for T Tauri Stars Using Nearly Simultaneous Ultraviolet and Optical Spectra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ingleby, Laura; Calvet, Nuria; Herczeg, Gregory; Blaty, Alex; Walter, Frederick; Ardila, David; Alexander, Richard; Edwards, Suzan; Espaillat, Catherine; Gregory, Scott G.; Hillenbrand, Lynne; Brown, Alexander

2013-04-01

We analyze the accretion properties of 21 low-mass T Tauri stars using a data set of contemporaneous near-UV (NUV) through optical observations obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph and the ground-based Small and Medium Aperture Research Telescope System, a unique data set because of the nearly simultaneous broad wavelength coverage. Our data set includes accreting T Tauri stars in Taurus, Chamaeleon I, η Chamaeleon, and the TW Hydra Association. For each source we calculate the accretion rate (\\dot{M}) by fitting the NUV and optical excesses above the photosphere, produced in the accretion shock, introducing multiple accretion components characterized by a range in energy flux (or density) for the first time. This treatment is motivated by models of the magnetospheric geometry and accretion footprints, which predict that high-density, low filling factor accretion spots coexist with low-density, high filling factor spots. By fitting the UV and optical spectra with multiple accretion components, we can explain excesses which have been observed in the near-IR. Comparing our estimates of \\dot{M} to previous estimates, we find some discrepancies; however, they may be accounted for when considering assumptions for the amount of extinction and variability in optical spectra. Therefore, we confirm many previous estimates of the accretion rate. Finally, we measure emission line luminosities from the same spectra used for the \\dot{M} estimates, to produce correlations between accretion indicators (Hβ, Ca II K, C II], and Mg II) and accretion properties obtained simultaneously.

Single-shot Z eff dense plasma diagnostic through simultaneous refraction and attenuation measurements with a Talbot–Lau x-ray moiré deflectometer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Valdivia, M. P.; Stutman, D.; Finkenthal, M.

The Talbot–Lau x-ray moiré deflectometer is a powerful plasma diagnostic capable of delivering simultaneous refraction and attenuation information through the accurate detection of x-ray phase shift and intensity. The diagnostic can provide the index of refraction n=1₋δ + iβ of an object (dense plasma, for example) placed in the x-ray beam by independently measuring both δ and β, which are directly related to the electron density n e and the attenuation coefficient μ respectively. Since δ and β depend on the effective atomic number Z eff, a map can be obtained from the ratio between phase and absorption images acquiredmore » in a single shot. The Talbot–Lau x-ray moiré deflectometer and its corresponding data acquisition and processing are briefly described to illustrate how the above is achieved; Z eff values of test objects within the 4₋12 range were obtained experimentally through simultaneous refraction and attenuation measurements. We show that Z eff mapping of objects does not require previous knowledge of sample length or shape. In conclusion, the determination of Z eff from refraction and attenuation measurements with moiré deflectometry could be of high interest to various domains of high energy density research, such as shocked materials and inertial confinement fusion experiments, as well as material science and nondestructive testing.« less

Digital PIV Measurements in the Diffuser of a High Speed Centrifugal Compressor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wernet, Mark P.

1998-01-01

Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) is a powerful measurement technique which can be used as an alternative or complementary approach to Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) in a wide range of research applications. PIV data are measured simultaneously at multiple points in space, which enables the investigation of the non-stationary spatial structures typically encountered in turbomachinery. Obtaining ample optical access, sufficiently high seed particle concentrations and accurate synchronization of image acquisition relative to impeller position are the most formidable tasks in the successful implementation of PIV in turbomachinery. Preliminary results from the successful application of the standard 2-D digital PIV technique in the diffuser of a high speed centrifugal compressor are presented. Instantaneous flow. measurements were also obtained during compressor surge.

Raman scattering of 2H-MoS2 at simultaneous high temperature and high pressure (up to 600 K and 18.5 GPa)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, JianJun; Li, HePing; Dai, LiDong; Hu, HaiYing; Zhao, ChaoShuai

2016-03-01

The Raman spectroscopy of natural molybdenite powder was investigated at simultaneous conditions of high temperature and high pressure in a heatable diamond anvil cell (DAC), to obtain the temperature and pressure dependence of the main Raman vibrational modes (E1g, E2 g 1 ,A1g, and 2LA(M)). Over our experimental temperature and pressure range (300-600 K and 1 atm-18.5 GPa), the Raman modes follow a systematic blue shift with increasing pressure, and red shift with increasing temperature. The results were calculated by three-variable linear fitting. The mutual correlation index of temperature and pressure indicates that the pressure may reduce the temperature dependence of Raman modes. New Raman bands due to structural changes emerged at about 3-4 GPa lower than seen in previous studies; this may be caused by differences in the pressure hydrostaticity and shear stress in the sample cell that promote the interlayer sliding.

Simultaneous saccharification of inulin and starch using commercial glucoamylase and the subsequent bioconversion to high titer sorbitol and gluconic acid.

PubMed

An, Kehong; Hu, Fengxian; Bao, Jie

2013-12-01

A new bioprocess for production of sorbitol and gluconic acid from two low-cost feedstocks, inulin and cassava starch, using a commercially available enzyme was proposed in this study. The commercial glucoamylase GA-L NEW from Genencor was found to demonstrate a high inulinase activity for hydrolysis of inulin into fructose and glucose. The glucoamylase was used to replace the expensive and not commercially available inulinase enzyme for simultaneous saccharification of inulin and starch into high titer glucose and fructose hydrolysate. The glucose and fructose in the hydrolysate were converted into sorbitol and gluconic acid using immobilized whole cells of the recombinant Zymomonas mobilis strain. The high gluconic acid concentration of 193 g/L and sorbitol concentration of 180 g/L with the overall yield of 97.3 % were obtained in the batch operations. The present study provided a practical production method of sorbitol and gluconic acid from low cost feedstocks and enzymes.

Simultaneous voltammetric determination of dopamine and epinephrine in human body fluid samples using a glassy carbon electrode modified with nickel oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes within a dihexadecylphosphate film.

PubMed

Figueiredo-Filho, Luiz C S; Silva, Tiago A; Vicentini, Fernando C; Fatibello-Filho, Orlando

2014-06-07

A simple and highly selective electrochemical method was developed for the single or simultaneous determination of dopamine (DA) and epinephrine (EP) in human body fluids using a glassy carbon electrode modified with nickel oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes within a dihexadecylphosphate film using square-wave voltammetry (SWV) or differential-pulse voltammetry (DPV). Using DPV with the proposed electrode, a separation of ca. 360 mV between the peak reduction potentials of DA and EP present in binary mixtures was obtained. The analytical curves for the simultaneous determination of dopamine and epinephrine showed an excellent linear response, ranging from 7.0 × 10(-8) to 4.8 × 10(-6) and 3.0 × 10(-7) to 9.5 × 10(-6) mol L(-1) for DA and EP, respectively. The detection limits for the simultaneous determination of DA and EP were 5.0 × 10(-8) mol L(-1) and 8.2 × 10(-8) mol L(-1), respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied in the simultaneous determination of these analytes in human body fluid samples of cerebrospinal fluid, human serum and lung fluid.

Simultaneous enzymatic synthesis of FAME and triacetyl glycerol from triglycerides and methyl acetate.

PubMed

Usai, E M; Gualdi, E; Solinas, V; Battistel, E

2010-10-01

In the presence of methyl acetate triglycerides such as vegetable oils are transformed simultaneously into the corresponding fatty acid methyl esters and triacetyl glycerol (triacetin). The reaction, catalyzed by lipases, was studied as a function of some critical parameters, such as type of catalyst, enzyme hydration and immobilization support. The aim of the work was to achieve a conversion of the triglyceride as high as possible and to maximize the yield of the triacetin, the reaction end point. It was found that by using the immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica yields as high as 80% of both fatty acid esters and triacetin could be achieved. These results were obtained by carefully controlling the amount of water present in the reaction medium and the hydration level of the enzyme macromolecule. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Injector design guidelines for gas/liquid propellant systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Falk, A. Y.; Burick, R. J.

1973-01-01

Injector design guidelines are provided for gas/liquid propellant systems. Information was obtained from a 30-month applied research program encompassing an analytical, design, and experimental effort to relate injector design parameters to simultaneous attainment of high performance and component (injector/thrust chamber) compatibility for gas/liquid space storable propellants. The gas/liquid propellant combination studied was FLOX (82.6% F2)/ ambient temperature gaseous methane. Design criteria that provide for simultaneous attainment of high performance and chamber compatibility are presented for both injector types. Parametric data are presented that are applicable for the design of circular coaxial and like-doublet injectors that operate with design parameters similar to those employed. However, caution should be exercised when applying these data to propellant combinations whose elements operate in ranges considerably different from those employed in this study.

Microfluidic array platform for simultaneous lipid bilayer membrane formation.

PubMed

Zagnoni, M; Sandison, M E; Morgan, H

2009-01-01

In recent years, protein array technologies have found widespread applications in proteomics. However, new methods for high-throughput analysis of protein-protein and protein-compound interactions are still required. In this paper, an array of lipid bilayer membranes formed within a microfluidic system with integrated electrodes is presented. The system is comprised of three layers that are clamped together, thus rendering the device cleanable and reusable. The device microfluidics enable the simultaneous formation of an array of lipid bilayers using a previously developed air-exposure technique, thereby avoiding the need to manually form individual bilayers. The Ag/AgCl electrodes allow for ion channel measurements, each of the sites being independently addressable. Typically, a 50% yield in simultaneous lipid bilayer formation over 12 sites was obtained and ion channel recordings have been acquired over multiple sites. This system has great potential for the development of an automatable platform of suspended lipid bilayer arrays.

Engineering of Klebsiella oxytoca for production of 2,3-butanediol via simultaneous utilization of sugars from a Golenkinia sp. hydrolysate.

PubMed

Park, Jong Hyun; Choi, Min Ah; Kim, Yong Jae; Kim, Yeu-Chun; Chang, Yong Keun; Jeong, Ki Jun

2017-12-01

The Klebsiella oxytoca was engineered to produce 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) simultaneously utilizing glucose and galactose obtained from a Golenkinia sp. hydrolysate. For efficient uptake of galactose at a high concentration of glucose, Escherichia coli galactose permease (GalP) was introduced, and the expression of galP under a weak-strength promoter resulted in simultaneous consumption of galactose and glucose. Next, to improve the sugar consumption, a gene encoding methylglyoxal synthase (MgsA) known as an inhibitor of multisugar metabolism was deleted, and the mgsA-null mutant showed much faster consumption of both sugars than the wild-type strain did. Finally, we demonstrated that the engineered K. oxytoca could utilize sugar extracts from a Golenkinia sp. hydrolysate and successfully produces 2,3-BDO. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A simultaneous pressure and temperature sensor based on a superstructure fiber grating

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Chia-Min; Liu, Wen-Fung; Fu, Ming-Yue; Sheng, Hao-Jan; Bor, Sheau-Shung; Tien, Chuen-Lin

2004-12-01

We demonstrated that a high-sensitivity fiber sensor based on a superstructure fiber grating (SFG) can simultaneously measure the pressure and temperature by encapsulating the grating in a polymer-half-filled metal cylinder, in which there are two openings on opposite sides of the wall filled with the polymer to sense the pressure. The mechanism of sensing pressure is to transfer the pressure into the axial extended-strain. According to the optical characteristics of an SFG composed of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and long period grating (LPG), the various pressure and temperature will cause the variation of the center-wavelength and reflection simultaneously. Thus, the sensor can be used for the measurement both of the pressure and temperature. The pressure sensitivity of 2.28×10-2MPa-1 and the temperature sensitivity both of 0.015nm/°C and -0.143dB/°C are obtained.

PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF INFLUENZA VIRUS COMPONENTS OBTAINED AFTER ETHER TREATMENT

PubMed Central

Davenport, Fred M.; Rott, Rudolf; Schäfer, Werner

1960-01-01

The Rostock strain of fowl plague, the swine, A, A', and Asian strains of influenza A as well as their hemagglutinin and internal s antigen subunits obtained after ether splitting, were found to be morphologically indistinguishable when examined simultaneously. Hemagglutinin fractions reacted in a highly strain specific manner when tested by hemagglutination inhibition or by complement fixation using sera obtained after infection. With the same sera internal s antigen fractions were shown to be serologically distinguishable by complement fixation. This observation may stimulate interest in the feasibility of employing immunologic techniques for the study of nucleoproteins. The significance of the findings reported is discussed. PMID:13719952

[Transciptome among Mexicans: a large scale methodology to analyze the genetics expression profile of simultaneous samples in muscle, adipose tissue and lymphocytes obtained from the same individual].

PubMed

Bastarrachea, Raúl A; López-Alvarenga, Juan Carlos; Kent, Jack W; Laviada-Molina, Hugo A; Cerda-Flores, Ricardo M; Calderón-Garcidueñas, Ana Laura; Torres-Salazar, Amada; Torres-Salazar, Amanda; Nava-González, Edna J; Solis-Pérez, Elizabeth; Gallegos-Cabrales, Esther C; Cole, Shelley A; Comuzzie, Anthony G

2008-01-01

We describe the methodology used to analyze multiple transcripts using microarray techniques in simultaneous biopsies of muscle, adipose tissue and lymphocytes obtained from the same individual as part of the standard protocol of the Genetics of Metabolic Diseases in Mexico: GEMM Family Study. We recruited 4 healthy male subjects with BM1 20-41, who signed an informed consent letter. Subjects participated in a clinical examination that included anthropometric and body composition measurements, muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) subcutaneous fat biopsies anda blood draw. All samples provided sufficient amplified RNA for microarray analysis. Total RNA was extracted from the biopsy samples and amplified for analysis. Of the 48,687 transcript targets queried, 39.4% were detectable in a least one of the studied tissues. Leptin was not detectable in lymphocytes, weakly expressed in muscle, but overexpressed and highly correlated with BMI in subcutaneous fat. Another example was GLUT4, which was detectable only in muscle and not correlated with BMI. Expression level concordance was 0.7 (p< 0.001) for the three tissues studied. We demonstrated the feasibility of carrying out simultaneous analysis of gene expression in multiple tissues, concordance of genetic expression in different tissues, and obtained confidence that this method corroborates the expected biological relationships among LEPand GLUT4. TheGEMM study will provide a broad and valuable overview on metabolic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Development and flight test results of an autothrottle control system at Mach 3 cruise

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gilyard, G. B.; Burken, J. J.

1980-01-01

Flight test results obtained with the original Mach hold autopilot designed the YF-12C airplane which uses elevator control and a newly developed Mach hold system having an autothrottle integrated with an altitude hold autopilot system are presented. The autothrottle tests demonstrate good speed control at high Mach numbers and high altitudes while simultaneously maintaining control over altitude and good ride qualities. The autothrottle system was designed to control either Mach number or knots equivalent airspeed (KEAS). Excellent control of Mach number or KEAS was obtained with the autothrottle system when combined with altitude hold. Ride qualities were significantly better than with the conventional Mach hold system.

The Fundamental Structure of Coronal Loops

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Winebarger, Amy; Warren, Harry; Cirtain, Jonathan; Kobayashi, Ken; Korreck, Kelly; Golub, Leon; Kuzin, Sergey; Walsh, Robert; DePontieu, Bart; Title, Alan;

Differential Multiphoton Laser Scanning Microscopy

PubMed Central

Field, Jeffrey J.; Sheetz, Kraig E.; Chandler, Eric V.; Hoover, Erich E.; Young, Michael D.; Ding, Shi-you; Sylvester, Anne W.; Kleinfeld, David; Squier, Jeff A.

2016-01-01

Multifocal multiphoton microscopy (MMM) in the biological and medical sciences has become an important tool for obtaining high resolution images at video rates. While current implementations of MMM achieve very high frame rates, they are limited in their applicability to essentially those biological samples that exhibit little or no scattering. In this paper, we report on a method for MMM in which imaging detection is not necessary (single element point detection is implemented), and is therefore fully compatible for use in imaging through scattering media. Further, we demonstrate that this method leads to a new type of MMM wherein it is possible to simultaneously obtain multiple images and view differences in excitation parameters in a single shot. PMID:27390511

Simultaneous measurement of stratospheric O3, H2O, CH4, and N2O profiles from infrared limb thermal emissions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abbas, M. M.; Glenn, M. J.; Kunde, V. G.; Brasunas, J.; Conrath, B. J.; Maguire, W. C.; Herman, J. R.

1987-01-01

Thermal emission measurements of the earth's stratospheric limb were made with a cryogenically cooled high-resolution Michelson interferometer on a balloon flight launched from Palestine, TX, on Nov. 6, 1984. Infrared spectra for complete limb sequences were obtained over portions of the 700-1940/cm range with an unapodized spectral resolution of 0.03/cm for tangent heights varying from 13 to 39 km. The observed data from 1125 to 1425/cm have been analyzed for simultaneous measurement of O3, H2O, CH4, and N2O profiles. The analysis employs line-by-line and layer-by-layer radiative-transfer calculations, including curvature and refraction effects. The optimum use of geometric and spectral effects is made to obtain sharply peaked weighting functions. Contributions from stratospheric aerosol are included by measuring the light extinction within the window regions of the observed spectra. The retrieved constituent profiles are compared with measurements made with a variety of techniques by other groups. The comparison shows good agreement with the published data for all gases, indicating the capability of retrieving trace gas profiles from high-resolution thermal emission limb measurements.

Development of conductometric biosensor array for simultaneous determination of maltose, lactose, sucrose and glucose.

PubMed

Soldatkin, O O; Peshkova, V M; Saiapina, O Y; Kucherenko, I S; Dudchenko, O Y; Melnyk, V G; Vasylenko, O D; Semenycheva, L M; Soldatkin, A P; Dzyadevych, S V

2013-10-15

The aim of this work was to develop an array of biosensors for simultaneous determination of four carbohydrates in solution. Several enzyme systems selective to lactose, maltose, sucrose and glucose were immobilised on the surface of four conductometric transducers and served as bio-recognition elements of the biosensor array. Direct enzyme analysis carried out by the developed biosensors was highly sensitive to the corresponding substrates. The analysis lasted 2 min. The dynamic range of substrate determination extended from 0.001 mM to 1.0-3.0mM, and strongly depended on the enzyme system used. An effect of the solution pH, ionic strength and buffer capacity on the biosensors responses was investigated; the conditions of simultaneous operation of all biosensors were optimised. The data on cross-impact of the substrates of all biosensors were obtained; the biosensor selectivity towards possible interfering carbohydrates was tested. The developed biosensor array showed good signal reproducibility and storage stability. The biosensor array is suited for simultaneous, quick, simple, and selective determination of maltose, lactose, sucrose and glucose. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Absorption Filter Based Optical Diagnostics in High Speed Flows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Samimy, Mo; Elliott, Gregory; Arnette, Stephen

1996-01-01

Two major regimes where laser light scattered by molecules or particles in a flow contains significant information about the flow are Mie scattering and Rayleigh scattering. Mie scattering is used to obtain only velocity information, while Rayleigh scattering can be used to measure both the velocity and the thermodynamic properties of the flow. Now, recently introduced (1990, 1991) absorption filter based diagnostic techniques have started a new era in flow visualization, simultaneous velocity and thermodynamic measurements, and planar velocity measurements. Using a filtered planar velocimetry (FPV) technique, we have modified the optically thick iodine filter profile of Miles, et al., and used it in the pressure-broaden regime which accommodates measurements in a wide range of velocity applications. Measuring velocity and thermodynamic properties simultaneously, using absorption filtered based Rayleigh scattering, involves not only the measurement of the Doppler shift, but also the spectral profile of the Rayleigh scattering signal. Using multiple observation angles, simultaneous measurement of one component velocity and thermodynamic properties in a supersonic jet were measured. Presently, the technique is being extended for simultaneous measurements of all three components of velocity and thermodynamic properties.

Digital holographic interferometer using simultaneously three lasers and a single monochrome sensor for 3D displacement measurements.

PubMed

Saucedo-A, Tonatiuh; De la Torre-Ibarra, M H; Santoyo, F Mendoza; Moreno, Ivan

2010-09-13

The use of digital holographic interferometry for 3D measurements using simultaneously three illumination directions was demonstrated by Saucedo et al. (Optics Express 14(4) 2006). The technique records two consecutive images where each one contains three holograms in it, e.g., one before the deformation and one after the deformation. A short coherence length laser must be used to obtain the simultaneous 3D information from the same laser source. In this manuscript we present an extension of this technique now illuminating simultaneously with three different lasers at 458, 532 and 633 nm, and using only one high resolution monochrome CMOS sensor. This new configuration gives the opportunity to use long coherence length lasers allowing the measurement of large object areas. A series of digital holographic interferograms are recorded and the information corresponding to each laser is isolated in the Fourier spectral domain where the corresponding phase difference is calculated. Experimental results render the orthogonal displacement components u, v and w during a simple load deformation.

The Compressibility Burble

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stack, John

1935-01-01

Simultaneous air-flow photographs and pressure-distribution measurements have been made of the NACA 4412 airfoil at high speeds in order to determine the physical nature of the compressibility burble. The flow photographs were obtained by the Schlieren method and the pressures were simultaneously measured for 54 stations on the 5-inch-chord wing by means of a multiple-tube photographic manometer. Pressure-measurement results and typical Schlieren photographs are presented. The general nature of the phenomenon called the "compressibility burble" is shown by these experiments. The source of the increased drag is the compression shock that occurs, the excess drag being due to the conversion of a considerable amount of the air-stream kinetic energy into heat at the compression shock.

Simultaneous Retrieval of Temperature, Water Vapor and Ozone Atmospheric Profiles from IASI: Compression, De-noising, First Guess Retrieval and Inversion Algorithms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Aires, F.; Rossow, W. B.; Scott, N. A.; Chedin, A.; Hansen, James E. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

A fast temperature water vapor and ozone atmospheric profile retrieval algorithm is developed for the high spectral resolution Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) space-borne instrument. Compression and de-noising of IASI observations are performed using Principal Component Analysis. This preprocessing methodology also allows, for a fast pattern recognition in a climatological data set to obtain a first guess. Then, a neural network using first guess information is developed to retrieve simultaneously temperature, water vapor and ozone atmospheric profiles. The performance of the resulting fast and accurate inverse model is evaluated with a large diversified data set of radiosondes atmospheres including rare events.

128×128 three-dimensional MEMS optical switch module with simultaneous optical path connection for optical cross-connect systems.

PubMed

Mizukami, Masato; Yamaguchi, Joji; Nemoto, Naru; Kawajiri, Yuko; Hirata, Hirooki; Uchiyama, Shingo; Makihara, Mitsuhiro; Sakata, Tomomi; Shimoyama, Nobuhiro; Oda, Kazuhiro

2011-07-20

A 128×128 three-dimensional MEMS optical switch module and a switching-control algorithm for high-speed connection and optical power stabilization are described. A prototype switch module enables the simultaneous switching of all optical paths. The insertion loss is less than 4.6 dB and is 2.3 dB on average. The switching time is less than 38 ms and is 8 ms on average. We confirmed that the maximum optical power can be obtained and optical power stabilization control is possible. The results confirm that the module is suitable for practical use in optical cross-connect systems. © 2011 Optical Society of America

The Processing and Mechanical Properties of High Temperature/ High Performance Composites. Fatigue and Creep. Book 3

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-03-01

bilinear forms of their rates. Setting the partial derivatives of fl with respect to the rates to be zero, one obtains simultaneous linear algebraic ...Figure 3 shows the variation in 8/P with P for one such test. In this case, the degree of linearity is high, with a correlation coefficient, r...each cycle is shown.) The linearity of the data suggests that the traction law can be represented by a power law, with the power law exponent, d log

Simultaneous Solar Maximum Mission and Very Large Array (VLA) observations of solar active regions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lang, K. R.

1985-01-01

Simultaneous observations of solar active regions with the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) Satellite and the Very Large Array (VLA) have been obtained and analyzed. Combined results enhance the scientific return for beyond that expeted from using either SMM or VLA alone. A total of two weeks of simultaneous SMM/VLA data were obtained. The multiple wavelength VLA observations were used to determine the temperature and magnetic structure at different heights within coronal loops. These data are compared with simultaneous SMM observations. Several papers on the subject are in progress. They include VLA observations of compact, transient sources in the transition region; simultaneous SMM/VLA observations of the coronal loops in one active region and the evolution of another one; and sampling of the coronal plasma using thermal cyclotron lines (magnetic field - VLA) and soft X ray spectral lines (electron density and electron temperaure-SMM).

Objective evaluation of binaural summation through acoustic reflex measures.

PubMed

Rawool, Vishakha W; Parrill, Madaline

2018-02-12

A previous study [Rawool, V. W. (2016). Auditory processing deficits: Assessment and intervention. New York, NY: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., pp. 186-187] demonstrated objective assessment of binaural summation through right contralateral acoustic reflex thresholds (ARTs) in women. The current project examined if previous findings could be generalised to men and to the left ear. Cross-sectional. Sixty individuals participated in the study. Left and right contralateral ARTs were obtained in two conditions. In the alternated condition, the probe tone presentation was alternated with the presentation of the reflex activating clicks. In the simultaneous condition, the probe tone and the clicks were presented simultaneously. Binaural summation was calculated by subtracting the ARTs obtained in the simultaneous condition from the ARTs obtained in the alternated condition. MANOVA on ARTs revealed no significant gender or ear effects. The ARTs were significantly lower/better in the simultaneous condition compared to the alternated condition. Binaural summation was 4 dB or higher in 88% of the ears and 6 dB or higher in 76% of ears. Stimulation of six out of the total 120 (0.5%) ears resulted in worse thresholds in the simultaneous condition compared with the alternating condition, suggesting binaural interference.

Simultaneous imaging of oxygen tension and blood flow in animals using a digital micromirror device.

PubMed

Ponticorvo, Adrien; Dunn, Andrew K

2010-04-12

In this study we present a novel imaging method that combines high resolution cerebral blood flow imaging with a highly flexible map of absolute pO(2). In vivo measurements of pO(2) in animals using phosphorescence quenching is a well established method, and is preferable over electrical probes which are inherently invasive and are limited to single point measurements. However, spatially resolved pO(2) measurements using phosphorescence lifetime quenching typically require expensive cameras to obtain images of pO(2) and often suffer from poor signal to noise. Our approach enables us to retain the high temporal resolution and sensitivity of single point detection of phosphorescence by using a digital micromirror device (DMD) to selectively illuminate arbitrarily shaped regions of tissue. In addition, by simultaneously using Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) to measure relative blood flow, we can better examine the relationship between blood flow and absolute pO(2). We successfully used this instrument to study changes that occur during ischemic conditions in the brain with enough spatial resolution to clearly distinguish different regions. This novel instrument will provide researchers with an inexpensive and improved technique to examine multiple hemodynamic parameters simultaneously in the brain as well as other tissues.

Simultaneous determination of rifabutin and human serum albumin in pharmaceutical formulations by capillary electrophoresis.

PubMed

Ermolenko, Yu; Anshakova, A; Osipova, N; Kamentsev, M; Maksimenko, O; Balabanyan, V; Gelperina, S

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was used for determination of rifabutin (RFB), an anti-tuberculosis antibiotic drug, in various pharmaceutical formulations. Apart from that, simultaneous determination of RFB and human serum albumin (HSA) was performed. Electrophoretic behaviour of RFB was examined at various pH levels. CE conditions: a quartz capillary tube (internal diameter 75mm, effective length 50cm, total length 60cm), the capillary temperature was 25°С, the voltage applied to the capillary tube was +20kV, the UV detection wavelength was 214nm, hydrodynamic injection of the sample was performed at 30mbar for 5s, tetraborate buffer solution (0.01М, рН9.2). The obtained results are characterized by high efficiency (number of theoretical plates up to 260,000) and sufficient sensitivity (LOQ starting from 0.02μg/ml for RFB). The obtained data are in good accord with both HPLC results (for RFB) and spectrophotometry (for HSA). Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Simultaneous determination of phenylephrine hydrochloride, guaifenesin, and chlorpheniramine maleate in cough syrup by gradient liquid chromatography.

PubMed

Amer, Sawsan M; Abbas, Samah S; Shehata, Mostafa A; Ali, Nahed M

2008-01-01

A simple and reliable high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of mixture of phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHENYL), guaifenesin (GUAIF), and chlorpheniramine maleate (CHLO) either in pure form or in the presence of methylparaben and propylparaben in a commercial cough syrup dosage form. Separation was achieved on a C8 column using 0.005 M heptane sulfonic acid sodium salt (pH 3.4 +/- 0.1) and acetonitrile as a mobile phase by gradient elution at different flow rates, and detection was done spectrophotometrically at 210 nm. A linear relationship in the range of 30-180, 120-1800, and 10-60 microg/mL was obtained for PHENYL, GUAIF, and CHLO, respectively. The results were statistically analyzed and compared with those obtained by applying the British Pharmacopoeia (2002) method and showed that the proposed method is precise, accurate, and can be easily applied for the determination of the drugs under investigation in pure form and in cough syrup formulations.

Simultaneous DPSK demodulation and chirp management using delay interferometer in symmetric 40-Gb/s capability TWDM-PON system.

PubMed

Bi, Meihua; Xiao, Shilin; He, Hao; Yi, Lilin; Li, Zhengxuan; Li, Jun; Yang, Xuelin; Hu, Weisheng

2013-07-15

We propose a symmetric 40-Gb/s aggregate rate time and wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network (TWDM-PON) system with the capability of simultaneous downstream differential phase shift keying (DPSK) signal demodulation and upstream signal chirp management based on delay interferometer (DI). With the bi-pass characteristic of DI, we experimentally demonstrate the bidirectional transmission of signals at 10-Gb/s per wavelength, and achieve negligible power penalties after 50-km single mode fiber (SMF). For the uplink transmission with DI, a ~11-dB optical power budget improvement at a bit error ratio of 1e-3 is obtained and the extinction ratio (ER) of signal is also improved from 3.4 dB to 13.75 dB. Owing to this high ER, the upstream burst-mode transmitting is successfully presented in term of time-division multiplexing. Moreover, in our experiment, a ~38-dB power budget is obtained to support 256 users with 50-km SMF transmission.

A vision-based system for measuring the displacements of large structures: Simultaneous adaptive calibration and full motion estimation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Santos, C. Almeida; Costa, C. Oliveira; Batista, J.

2016-05-01

The paper describes a kinematic model-based solution to estimate simultaneously the calibration parameters of the vision system and the full-motion (6-DOF) of large civil engineering structures, namely of long deck suspension bridges, from a sequence of stereo images captured by digital cameras. Using an arbitrary number of images and assuming a smooth structure motion, an Iterated Extended Kalman Filter is used to recursively estimate the projection matrices of the cameras and the structure full-motion (displacement and rotation) over time, helping to meet the structure health monitoring fulfilment. Results related to the performance evaluation, obtained by numerical simulation and with real experiments, are reported. The real experiments were carried out in indoor and outdoor environment using a reduced structure model to impose controlled motions. In both cases, the results obtained with a minimum setup comprising only two cameras and four non-coplanar tracking points, showed a high accuracy results for on-line camera calibration and structure full motion estimation.

Optimisation of nano-silica modified self-compacting high-Volume fly ash mortar

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Achara, Bitrus Emmanuel; Mohammed, Bashar S.; Fadhil Nuruddin, Muhd

2017-05-01

Evaluation of the effects of nano-silica amount and superplasticizer (SP) dosage on the compressive strength, porosity and slump flow on high-volume fly ash self-consolidating mortar was investigated. Multiobjective optimisation technique using Design-Expert software was applied to obtain solution based on desirability function that simultaneously optimises the variables and the responses. A desirability function of 0.811 gives the optimised solution. The experimental and predicted results showed minimal errors in all the measured responses.

Fast and simultaneous determination of 12 polyphenols in apple peel and pulp by using chemometrics-assisted high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection.

PubMed

Wang, Tong; Wu, Hai-Long; Xie, Li-Xia; Zhu, Li; Liu, Zhi; Sun, Xiao-Dong; Xiao, Rong; Yu, Ru-Qin

2017-04-01

In this work, a smart chemometrics-enhanced strategy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and diode array detection coupled with second-order calibration method based on alternating trilinear decomposition algorithm was proposed to simultaneously quantify 12 polyphenols in different kinds of apple peel and pulp samples. The proposed strategy proved to be a powerful tool to solve the problems of coelution, unknown interferences, and chromatographic shifts in the process of high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, making it possible for the determination of 12 polyphenols in complex apple matrices within 10 min under simple conditions of elution. The average recoveries with standard deviations, and figures of merit including sensitivity, selectivity, limit of detection, and limit of quantitation were calculated to validate the accuracy of the proposed method. Compared to the quantitative analysis results from the classic high-performance liquid chromatography method, the statistical and graphical analysis showed that our proposed strategy obtained more reliable results. All results indicated that our proposed method used in the quantitative analysis of apple polyphenols was an accurate, fast, universal, simple, and green one, and it was expected to be developed as an attractive alternative method for simultaneous determination of multitargeted analytes in complex matrices. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Simultaneous determination of mushroom toxins α-amanitin, β-amanitin and muscarine in human urine by solid-phase extraction and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra-high-resolution TOF mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Tomková, Jana; Ondra, Peter; Válka, Ivo

2015-06-01

This paper presents a method for the simultaneous determination of α-amanitin, β-amanitin and muscarine in human urine by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra-high-resolution TOF mass spectrometry. The method can be used for a diagnostics of mushroom poisonings. Different SPE cartridges were tested for sample preparation, namely hydrophilic modified reversed-phase (Oasis HLB) and polymeric weak cation phase (Strata X-CW). The latter gave better results and therefore it was chosen for the subsequent method optimization and partial validation. In the course of validation, limits of detection, linearity, intraday and interday precisions and recoveries were evaluated. The obtained LOD values of α-amanitin and β-amanitin were 1ng/mL and of muscarine 0.09ng/mL. The intraday and interday precisions of human urine spiked with α-amanitin (10ng/mL), β-amanitin (10ng/mL) and muscarine (1ng/mL) ranged from 6% to 10% and from 7% to 13%, respectively. The developed method was proved to be a relevant tool for the simultaneous determination of the studied mushroom toxins in human urine after mushroom poisoning. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Simultaneous and complete genome sequencing of influenza A and B with high coverage by Illumina MiSeq Platform.

PubMed

Rutvisuttinunt, Wiriya; Chinnawirotpisan, Piyawan; Simasathien, Sriluck; Shrestha, Sanjaya K; Yoon, In-Kyu; Klungthong, Chonticha; Fernandez, Stefan

2013-11-01

Active global surveillance and characterization of influenza viruses are essential for better preparation against possible pandemic events. Obtaining comprehensive information about the influenza genome can improve our understanding of the evolution of influenza viruses and emergence of new strains, and improve the accuracy when designing preventive vaccines. This study investigated the use of deep sequencing by the next-generation sequencing (NGS) Illumina MiSeq Platform to obtain complete genome sequence information from influenza virus isolates. The influenza virus isolates were cultured from 6 respiratory acute clinical specimens collected in Thailand and Nepal. DNA libraries obtained from each viral isolate were mixed and all were sequenced simultaneously. Total information of 2.6 Gbases was obtained from a 455±14 K/mm2 density with 95.76% (8,571,655/8,950,724 clusters) of the clusters passing quality control (QC) filters. Approximately 93.7% of all sequences from Read1 and 83.5% from Read2 contained high quality sequences that were ≥Q30, a base calling QC score standard. Alignments analysis identified three seasonal influenza A H3N2 strains, one 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 strain and two influenza B strains. The nearly entire genomes of all six virus isolates yielded equal or greater than 600-fold sequence coverage depth. MiSeq Platform identified seasonal influenza A H3N2, 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1and influenza B in the DNA library mixtures efficiently. Copyright © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Application of polymer sensitive MRI sequence to localization of EEG electrodes.

PubMed

Butler, Russell; Gilbert, Guillaume; Descoteaux, Maxime; Bernier, Pierre-Michel; Whittingstall, Kevin

2017-02-15

The growing popularity of simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) opens up the possibility of imaging EEG electrodes while the subject is in the scanner. Such information could be useful for improving the fusion of EEG-fMRI datasets. Here, we report for the first time how an ultra-short echo time (UTE) MR sequence can image the materials of an MR-compatible EEG cap, finding that electrodes and some parts of the wiring are visible in a high resolution UTE. Using these images, we developed a segmentation procedure to obtain electrode coordinates based on voxel intensity from the raw UTE, using hand labeled coordinates as the starting point. We were able to visualize and segment 95% of EEG electrodes using a short (3.5min) UTE sequence. We provide scripts and template images so this approach can now be easily implemented to obtain precise, subject-specific EEG electrode positions while adding minimal acquisition time to the simultaneous EEG-fMRI protocol. T1 gel artifacts are not robust enough to localize all electrodes across subjects, the polymers composing Brainvision cap electrodes are not visible on a T1, and adding T1 visible materials to the EEG cap is not always possible. We therefore consider our method superior to existing methods for obtaining electrode positions in the scanner, as it is hardware free and should work on a wide range of materials (caps). EEG electrode positions are obtained with high precision and no additional hardware. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of salbutamol and bromhexine in tablets.

PubMed

Habib, I H I; Hassouna, M E M; Zaki, G A

2005-03-01

Typical anti-mucolytic drugs called salbutamol hydrochloride and bromhexine sulfate encountered in tablets were determined simultaneously either by using linear regression at zero-crossing wavelengths of the first derivation of UV-spectra or by application of multiple linear partial least squares regression method. The results obtained by the two proposed mathematical methods were compared with those obtained by the HPLC technique.

Simultaneous determination of atorvastatin calcium and olmesartan medoxomil in a pharmaceutical formulation by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography, high-performance thin-layer chromatography, and UV spectrophotometric methods.

PubMed

Soni, Hiral; Kothari, Charmy; Khatri, Deepak; Mehta, Priti

2014-01-01

Validated RP-HPLC, HPTLC, and UV spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the simultaneous determination of atorvastatin calcium (ATV) and olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) in a pharmaceutical formulation. The RP-HPLC separation was achieved on a Kromasil C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 microm particle size) using 0.01 M potassium dihydrogen o-phosphate (pH 4 adjusted with o-phosphoric acid)-acetonitrile (50 + 50, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. Quantification was achieved by UV detection at 276 nm. The HPTLC separation was achieved on precoated silica gel 60F254 plates using chloroform-methanol-acetonitrile (4 + 2+ 4, v/v/v) mobile phase. Quantification was achieved with UV detection at 276 nm. The UV-Vis spectrophotometric method was based on the simultaneous equation method that involves measurement of absorbance at two wavelengths, i.e., 255 nm (lambda max of OLM) and 246.2 nm (lambda max of ATV) in methanol. All three methods were validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The proposed methods were simple, precise, accurate, and applicable for the simultaneous determination of ATV and OLM in a marketed formulation. The results obtained by applying the proposed methods were statistically analyzed and were found satisfactory.

Reduced graphene oxide aerogel with high-rate supercapacitive performance in aqueous electrolytes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Si, Weijiang; Wu, Xiaozhong; Zhou, Jin; Guo, Feifei; Zhuo, Shuping; Cui, Hongyou; Xing, Wei

2013-05-01

Reduced graphene oxide aerogel (RGOA) is synthesized successfully through a simultaneous self-assembly and reduction process using hypophosphorous acid and I2 as reductant. Nitrogen sorption analysis shows that the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of RGOA could reach as high as 830 m2 g-1, which is the largest value ever reported for graphene-based aerogels obtained through the simultaneous self-assembly and reduction strategy. The as-prepared RGOA is characterized by a variety of means such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrochemical tests show that RGOA exhibits a high-rate supercapacitive performance in aqueous electrolytes. The specific capacitance of RGOA is calculated to be 211.8 and 278.6 F g-1 in KOH and H2SO4 electrolytes, respectively. The perfect supercapacitive performance of RGOA is ascribed to its three-dimensional structure and the existence of oxygen-containing groups.

Reduced graphene oxide aerogel with high-rate supercapacitive performance in aqueous electrolytes.

PubMed

Si, Weijiang; Wu, Xiaozhong; Zhou, Jin; Guo, Feifei; Zhuo, Shuping; Cui, Hongyou; Xing, Wei

2013-05-21

Reduced graphene oxide aerogel (RGOA) is synthesized successfully through a simultaneous self-assembly and reduction process using hypophosphorous acid and I2 as reductant. Nitrogen sorption analysis shows that the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of RGOA could reach as high as 830 m2 g-1, which is the largest value ever reported for graphene-based aerogels obtained through the simultaneous self-assembly and reduction strategy. The as-prepared RGOA is characterized by a variety of means such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrochemical tests show that RGOA exhibits a high-rate supercapacitive performance in aqueous electrolytes. The specific capacitance of RGOA is calculated to be 211.8 and 278.6 F g-1 in KOH and H2SO4 electrolytes, respectively. The perfect supercapacitive performance of RGOA is ascribed to its three-dimensional structure and the existence of oxygen-containing groups.

An improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of tocopherols, tocotrienols and γ-oryzanol in rice.

PubMed

Huang, Shao-Hua; Ng, Lean-Teik

2011-07-22

An improved normal phase high performance liquid chromatographic (NP-HPLC) method was developed for simultaneous quantification of eight vitamin E isomers (α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherols and α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocotrienols) and γ-oryzanol in rice. A complete separation of all compounds was achieved within 25 min using an Inertsil CN-3, SIL-100A 5 μM (4.6 mm × 250 mm) column and an isocratic elution system of hexane/isopropanol/ethylacetate/acetic acid (97.6:0.8:0.8:0.8, v/v/v/v) at a flow rate varying from 0.7 to 1.5 mL min(-1). A linear correlation coefficient (r(2)>0.99) and high reproducibility were obtained at concentrations ranging 0.05-10 μg mL(-1) for vitamin E isomers and 0.5-500 μg mL(-1) for γ-oryzanol. This method proved to be rapid, accurate and reproducible. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Combinatorial Screening for Transgenic Yeasts with High Cellulase Activities in Combination with a Tunable Expression System

PubMed Central

Ito, Yoichiro; Yamanishi, Mamoru; Ikeuchi, Akinori; Imamura, Chie; Matsuyama, Takashi

2015-01-01

Combinatorial screening used together with a broad library of gene expression cassettes is expected to produce a powerful tool for the optimization of the simultaneous expression of multiple enzymes. Recently, we proposed a highly tunable protein expression system that utilized multiple genome-integrated target genes to fine-tune enzyme expression in yeast cells. This tunable system included a library of expression cassettes each composed of three gene-expression control elements that in different combinations produced a wide range of protein expression levels. In this study, four gene expression cassettes with graded protein expression levels were applied to the expression of three cellulases: cellobiohydrolase 1, cellobiohydrolase 2, and endoglucanase 2. After combinatorial screening for transgenic yeasts simultaneously secreting these three cellulases, we obtained strains with higher cellulase expressions than a strain harboring three cellulase-expression constructs within one high-performance gene expression cassette. These results show that our method will be of broad use throughout the field of metabolic engineering. PMID:26692026

Simultaneous addition of two ligands: a potential strategy for estimating divalent ion affinities in EF-hand proteins by isothermal titration calorimetry.

PubMed

Henzl, Michael T; Markus, Lindsey A; Davis, Meredith E; McMillan, Andrew T

2013-03-01

Capable of providing a detailed thermodynamic picture of noncovalent association reactions, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) has become a popular method for studying protein-ligand interactions. We routinely employ the technique to study divalent ion-binding by two-site EF-hand proteins from the parvalbumin- and polcalcin lineages. The combination of high Ca(2+) affinity and relatively low Mg(2+) affinity, and the attendant complication of parameter correlation, conspire to make the simultaneous extraction of binding constants and -enthalpies for both ions challenging. Although global analysis of multiple ITC experiments can overcome these hurdles, our current experimental protocol includes upwards of 10 titrations - requiring a substantial investment in labor, machine time, and material. This paper explores the potential for using a smaller suite of experiments that includes simultaneous titrations with Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) at different ratios of the two ions. The results obtained for four proteins, differing substantially in their divalent ion-binding properties, suggest that the approach has merit. The Ca(2+)- and Mg(2+)-binding constants afforded by the streamlined analysis are in reasonable agreement with those obtained from the standard analysis protocol. Likewise, the abbreviated analysis provides comparable values for the Ca(2+)-binding enthalpies. However, the streamlined analysis can yield divergent values for the Mg(2+)-binding enthalpies - particularly those for lower affinity sites. This shortcoming can be remedied, in large measure, by including data from a direct Ca(2+) titration in the presence of a high, fixed Mg(2+) concentration. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Synthesis of microspheres of triuranium octaoxide by simultaneous water and nitrate extraction from ascorbate-uranyl sols.

PubMed

Brykala, M; Deptula, A; Rogowski, M; Lada, W; Olczak, T; Wawszczak, D; Smolinski, T; Wojtowicz, P; Modolo, G

A new method for synthesis of uranium oxide microspheres (diameter <100 μm) has been developed. It is a variant of our patented Complex Sol-Gel Process, which has been used to synthesize high-quality powders of a wide variety of complex oxides. Starting uranyl-nitrate-ascorbate sols were prepared by addition of ascorbic acid to uranyl nitrate hexahydrate solution and alkalizing by aqueous ammonium hydroxide and then emulsified in 2-ethylhexanol-1 containing 1v/o SPAN-80. Drops of emulsion were firstly gelled by extraction of water by the solvent. Destruction of the microspheres during thermal treatment, owing to highly reactive components in the gels, requires modification of the gelation step by Double Extraction Process-simultaneously extraction of water and nitrates using Primene JMT, which completely eliminates these problem. Final step was calcination in air of obtained microspheres of gels to triuranium octaoxide.

Simultaneous Enhancements of Conductivity and Stability for Anion Exchange Membranes (AEMs) through Precise Structure Design

PubMed Central

Ran, Jin; Wu, Liang; Wei, Bing; Chen, Yaoyao; Xu, Tongwen

2014-01-01

Polymeric materials as anion exchange membranes (AEMs) play an essential role in the field of energy and environment. The achievement of high performance AEMs by the precise manipulation of macromolecular architecture remains a daunting challenge. Herein, we firstly report a novel rod-coil graft copolymer AEM, possessing rigid hydrophobic main chains and soft hydrophilic graft chains. The low graft density, which can alleviate the adverse influences of ioinc graft chains on the main chains, was obtained by using the living polymerization technique. Consequently, the grafted ionic groups which result in the degradation of polymer backbone was decreased to a small degree. Moreover, the relatively long graft chains induced the nanophase separation between the hydrophobic polymer chains and hydrophilic graft chains, which creates a convinient pathway for high hydroxide ion mobility. Such an accurate molecular design simultaneously improves the hydroxide ion conductivity and alkaline stability as well as dimensional stability. PMID:25255843

Optimal subhourly electricity resource dispatch under multiple price signals with high renewable generation availability

DOE PAGES

Chassin, David P.; Behboodi, Sahand; Djilali, Ned

2018-01-28

This article proposes a system-wide optimal resource dispatch strategy that enables a shift from a primarily energy cost-based approach, to a strategy using simultaneous price signals for energy, power and ramping behavior. A formal method to compute the optimal sub-hourly power trajectory is derived for a system when the price of energy and ramping are both significant. Optimal control functions are obtained in both time and frequency domains, and a discrete-time solution suitable for periodic feedback control systems is presented. The method is applied to North America Western Interconnection for the planning year 2024, and it is shown that anmore » optimal dispatch strategy that simultaneously considers both the cost of energy and the cost of ramping leads to significant cost savings in systems with high levels of renewable generation: the savings exceed 25% of the total system operating cost for a 50% renewables scenario.« less

Simultaneous Graphite Exfoliation and N Doping in Supercritical Ammonia.

PubMed

Sasikala, Suchithra Padmajan; Huang, Kai; Giroire, Baptiste; Prabhakaran, Prem; Henry, Lucile; Penicaud, Alain; Poulin, Philippe; Aymonier, Cyril

2016-11-16

We report the exfoliation of graphite and simultaneous N doping of graphene by two methods: supercritical ammonia treatment and liquid-phase exfoliation with NH 4 OH. While the supercritical ammonia allowed N doping at a level of 6.4 atom % in 2 h, the liquid-phase exfoliation with NH 4 OH allowed N doping at a level of 2.7 atom % in 6 h. The N doped graphene obtained via the supercritical ammonia route had few layers (<5) and showed large lateral flake size (∼8 μm) and low defect density (I D /I G < 0.6) in spite of their high level of N doping. This work is the first demonstration of supercritical ammonia as an exfoliation agent and N doping precursor for graphene. Notably, the N doped graphene showed electrocatalytic activity toward oxygen reduction reaction with high durability and good methanol tolerance compared to those of commercial Pt/C catalyst.

Multi-pixel high-resolution three-dimensional imaging radar

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cooper, Ken B. (Inventor); Dengler, Robert J. (Inventor); Siegel, Peter H. (Inventor); Chattopadhyay, Goutam (Inventor); Ward, John S. (Inventor); Juan, Nuria Llombart (Inventor); Bryllert, Tomas E. (Inventor); Mehdi, Imran (Inventor); Tarsala, Jan A. (Inventor)

2012-01-01

A three-dimensional imaging radar operating at high frequency e.g., 670 GHz radar using low phase-noise synthesizers and a fast chirper to generate a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) waveform, is disclosed that operates with a multiplexed beam to obtain range information simultaneously on multiple pixels of a target. A source transmit beam may be divided by a hybrid coupler into multiple transmit beams multiplexed together and directed to be reflected off a target and return as a single receive beam which is demultiplexed and processed to reveal range information of separate pixels of the target associated with each transmit beam simultaneously. The multiple transmit beams may be developed with appropriate optics to be temporally and spatially differentiated before being directed to the target. Temporal differentiation corresponds to a different intermediate frequencies separating the range information of the multiple pixels. Collinear transmit beams having differentiated polarizations may also be implemented.

Particle-in-cell simulation study on halo formation in anisotropic beams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ikegami, Masanori

2000-11-01

In a recent paper (M. Ikegami, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 435 (1999) 284), we investigated halo formation processes in transversely anisotropic beams based on the particle-core model. The effect of simultaneous excitation of two normal modes of core oscillation, i.e., high- and low-frequency modes, was examined. In the present study, self-consistent particle simulations are performed to confirm the results obtained in the particle-core analysis. In these simulations, it is confirmed that the particle-core analysis can predict the halo extent accurately even in anisotropic situations. Furthermore, we find that the halo intensity is enhanced in some cases where two normal modes of core oscillation are simultaneously excited as expected in the particle-core analysis. This result is of practical importance because pure high-frequency mode oscillation has frequently been assumed in preceding halo studies. The dependence of halo intensity on the 2:1 fixed point locations is also discussed.

Development of validated high-temperature reverse-phase UHPLC-PDA analytical method for simultaneous analysis of five natural isothiocyanates in cruciferous vegetables.

PubMed

Robin; Arora, Rohit; Arora, Saroj; Vig, Adarsh Pal

2018-01-15

In the present study reverse-phase UHPLC-PDA technique was developed at 60°C for simultaneous quantification of allyl, 3-butenyl, 4-(methylthio)butyl, benzyl and phenethyl isothiocyanates. The validation parameter showed a very good linearity, with a correlation coefficient of 1.00 for all detected standard analytes. Also, high precision and accuracy were observed with lowest obtained values of 1.39% and 99.1%, respectively. Different varieties of three plants, viz. Brassica rapa var. rapa L., Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers. and Eruca sativa Mill., were analyzed with this method. After analysis, 4-(methylthio)butyl isothiocyanate was observed to be the major component in the varieties of arugula. Allyl, benzyl and phenethyl isothiocyanates were detected in turnip varieties and, in addition, 3-butenyl isothiocyanate was detected in radish varieties. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Simultaneous Enhancements of Conductivity and Stability for Anion Exchange Membranes (AEMs) through Precise Structure Design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ran, Jin; Wu, Liang; Wei, Bing; Chen, Yaoyao; Xu, Tongwen

2014-09-01

Polymeric materials as anion exchange membranes (AEMs) play an essential role in the field of energy and environment. The achievement of high performance AEMs by the precise manipulation of macromolecular architecture remains a daunting challenge. Herein, we firstly report a novel rod-coil graft copolymer AEM, possessing rigid hydrophobic main chains and soft hydrophilic graft chains. The low graft density, which can alleviate the adverse influences of ioinc graft chains on the main chains, was obtained by using the living polymerization technique. Consequently, the grafted ionic groups which result in the degradation of polymer backbone was decreased to a small degree. Moreover, the relatively long graft chains induced the nanophase separation between the hydrophobic polymer chains and hydrophilic graft chains, which creates a convinient pathway for high hydroxide ion mobility. Such an accurate molecular design simultaneously improves the hydroxide ion conductivity and alkaline stability as well as dimensional stability.

Optimal subhourly electricity resource dispatch under multiple price signals with high renewable generation availability

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chassin, David P.; Behboodi, Sahand; Djilali, Ned

This article proposes a system-wide optimal resource dispatch strategy that enables a shift from a primarily energy cost-based approach, to a strategy using simultaneous price signals for energy, power and ramping behavior. A formal method to compute the optimal sub-hourly power trajectory is derived for a system when the price of energy and ramping are both significant. Optimal control functions are obtained in both time and frequency domains, and a discrete-time solution suitable for periodic feedback control systems is presented. The method is applied to North America Western Interconnection for the planning year 2024, and it is shown that anmore » optimal dispatch strategy that simultaneously considers both the cost of energy and the cost of ramping leads to significant cost savings in systems with high levels of renewable generation: the savings exceed 25% of the total system operating cost for a 50% renewables scenario.« less

Proposal of AAA-battery-size one-shot ATR Fourier spectroscopic imager for on-site analysis: Simultaneous measurement of multi-components with high accuracy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hosono, Satsuki; Qi, Wei; Sato, Shun; Suzuki, Yo; Fujiwara, Masaru; Hiramatsu, Hiroyuki; Suzuki, Satoru; Abeygunawardhana, P. K. W.; Wada, Kenji; Nishiyama, Akira; Ishimaru, Ichiro

2015-03-01

For simultaneous measurement of multi-components on-site like factories, the ultra-compact (diameter: 9[mm], length: 45[mm], weight: 200[g]) one-shot ATR (Attenuated Total Reflection) Fourier spectroscopic imager was proposed. Because the proposed one-shot Fourier spectroscopic imaging is based on spatial-phase-shift interferometer, interferograms could be obtained with simple optical configurations. We introduced the transmission-type relativeinclined phase-shifter, that was constructed with a cuboid prism and a wedge prism, onto the optical Fourier transform plane of infinity corrected optical systems. And also, small light-sources and cameras in the mid-infrared light region, whose size are several millimeter on a side, are essential components for the ultra-compact spectroscopic configuration. We selected the Graphite light source (light source area: 1.7×1.7[mm], maker: Hawkeye technologies) whose radiation factor was high. Fortunately, in these days we could apply the cost-effective 2-dimensional light receiving device for smartphone (e.g. product name: LEPTON, maker: FLIR, price: around 400USD). In the case of alcoholic drinks factory, conventionally workers measure glucose and ethanol concentrations by bringing liquid solution back to laboratories every day. The high portable spectroscopy will make it possible to measure multi-components simultaneously on manufacturing scene. But we found experimentally that absorption spectrum of glucose and water and ethanol were overlapped each other in near infrared light region. But for mid-infrared light region, we could distinguish specific absorption peaks of glucose (@10.5[μm]) and ethanol (@11.5[μm]) independently from water absorption. We obtained standard curve between absorption (@9.6[μm]) and ethanol concentration with high correlation coefficient 0.98 successfully by ATR imaging-type 2-dimensional Fourier spectroscopy (wavelength resolution: 0.057[μm]) with the graphite light source (maker: Hawkeye technologies, type: IR-75).

SWIFTS: on-chip very high spectral resolution spectrometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

le Coarer, E.; Venancio, L. G.; Kern, P.; Ferrand, J.; Puget, P.; Ayraud, M.; Bonneville, C.; Demonte, B.; Morand, A.; Boussey, J.; Barbier, D.; Blaize, S.; Gonthiez, T.

2017-11-01

The size and the weight of state of the art spectrometers is a serious issue regarding space applications. SWIFTS (Stationary Wave Integrated Fourier Transform Spectrometer) is a new FTS family without any moving part. This very promising technology is an original way to fully sample the Fourier interferogram obtained in a waveguide by either a reflection (SWIFTS Lippmann) or counter-propagative (SWIFTS Gabor) interference phenomenon. The sampling is simultaneously performed the optical path thanks to "nano-detectors" located in the evanescent field of the waveguide. For instance a 1.7cm long waveguide properly associated to the detector achieves directly a resolution of 0.13cm-1 on a few centimetre long instruments. Here, firstly we present the development status of this new kind of spectrometers and the first results obtained with on going development of spectrometer covering simultaneously the visible domain from 400 to 1000 nm like an Echelle spectrometer. Valuable technologies allows one to extend the concept to various wavelength domains. Secondly, we present the results obtained in the frame of an activity funded by the European Space Agency where several potential applications in space missions have been identified and studied.

PET Imaging Stability Measurements During Simultaneous Pulsing of Aggressive MR Sequences on the SIGNA PET/MR System.

PubMed

Deller, Timothy W; Khalighi, Mohammad Mehdi; Jansen, Floris P; Glover, Gary H

2018-01-01

The recent introduction of simultaneous whole-body PET/MR scanners has enabled new research taking advantage of the complementary information obtainable with PET and MRI. One such application is kinetic modeling, which requires high levels of PET quantitative stability. To accomplish the required PET stability levels, the PET subsystem must be sufficiently isolated from the effects of MR activity. Performance measurements have previously been published, demonstrating sufficient PET stability in the presence of MR pulsing for typical clinical use; however, PET stability during radiofrequency (RF)-intensive and gradient-intensive sequences has not previously been evaluated for a clinical whole-body scanner. In this work, PET stability of the GE SIGNA PET/MR was examined during simultaneous scanning of aggressive MR pulse sequences. Methods: PET performance tests were acquired with MR idle and during simultaneous MR pulsing. Recent system improvements mitigating RF interference and gain variation were used. A fast recovery fast spin echo MR sequence was selected for high RF power, and an echo planar imaging sequence was selected for its high heat-inducing gradients. Measurements were performed to determine PET stability under varying MR conditions using the following metrics: sensitivity, scatter fraction, contrast recovery, uniformity, count rate performance, and image quantitation. A final PET quantitative stability assessment for simultaneous PET scanning during functional MRI studies was performed with a spiral in-and-out gradient echo sequence. Results: Quantitation stability of a 68 Ge flood phantom was demonstrated within 0.34%. Normalized sensitivity was stable during simultaneous scanning within 0.3%. Scatter fraction measured with a 68 Ge line source in the scatter phantom was stable within the range of 40.4%-40.6%. Contrast recovery and uniformity were comparable for PET images acquired simultaneously with multiple MR conditions. Peak noise equivalent count rate was 224 kcps at an effective activity concentration of 18.6 kBq/mL, and the count rate curves and scatter fraction curve were consistent for the alternating MR pulsing states. A final test demonstrated quantitative stability during a spiral functional MRI sequence. Conclusion: PET stability metrics demonstrated that PET quantitation was not affected during simultaneous aggressive MRI. This stability enables demanding applications such as kinetic modeling. © 2018 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

High-speed light field camera and frequency division multiplexing for fast multi-plane velocity measurements.

PubMed

Fischer, Andreas; Kupsch, Christian; Gürtler, Johannes; Czarske, Jürgen

2015-09-21

Non-intrusive fast 3d measurements of volumetric velocity fields are necessary for understanding complex flows. Using high-speed cameras and spectroscopic measurement principles, where the Doppler frequency of scattered light is evaluated within the illuminated plane, each pixel allows one measurement and, thus, planar measurements with high data rates are possible. While scanning is one standard technique to add the third dimension, the volumetric data is not acquired simultaneously. In order to overcome this drawback, a high-speed light field camera is proposed for obtaining volumetric data with each single frame. The high-speed light field camera approach is applied to a Doppler global velocimeter with sinusoidal laser frequency modulation. As a result, a frequency multiplexing technique is required in addition to the plenoptic refocusing for eliminating the crosstalk between the measurement planes. However, the plenoptic refocusing is still necessary in order to achieve a large refocusing range for a high numerical aperture that minimizes the measurement uncertainty. Finally, two spatially separated measurement planes with 25×25 pixels each are simultaneously acquired with a measurement rate of 0.5 kHz with a single high-speed camera.

Simultaneous Infrared And Pressure Measurements Of Crossflow Instability Modes For HIFiRE 5 (POSTPRINT)

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-07-01

contained streamwise-distributed arrays of pressure sensors well upstream of the one measuring station available on the previous model. The streamwise...P. Borg and Roger L. Kimmel Hypersonic Sciences Branch High Speed Systems Division JULY 2017 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A...PAO) and is available to the general public, including foreign nationals. Copies may be obtained from the Defense Technical Information Center

Simultaneous efficient removal of high-strength ammonia nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand from landfill leachate by using an extremely high ammonia nitrogen-resistant strain.

PubMed

Yu, Dahai; Yang, Jiyu; Fang, Xuexun; Ren, Hejun

2015-01-01

Bioaugmentation is a promising technology for pollutant elimination from stressed environments, and it would provide an efficient way to solve challenges in traditional biotreatment of wastewater with high strength of ammonia nitrogen (NH4(+)-N). A high NH4(+)-N-resistant bacteria strain, identified as Bacillus cereus (Jlu BC), was domesticated and isolated from the bacteria consortium in landfill leachate. Jlu BC could survive in 100 g/L NH4(+)-N environment, which indicated its extremely high NH4(+)-N tolerance than the stains found before. Jlu BC was employed in the bioaugmented system to remove high strength of NH4(+)-N from landfill leachate, and to increase the removal efficiency, response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimizing bioaugmentation degradation conditions. At the optimum condition (initial pH 7.33, 4.14 days, initial chemical oxygen demand [COD] concentration [18,000 mg/L], 3.5 mL inoculated domesticated bacteria strain, 0.3 mg/mL phosphorus supplement, 30 °C, and 170 rpm), 94.74 ± 3.8% removal rate of NH4(+)-N was obtained, and the experiment data corresponded well with the predicted removal rate of the RSM models (95.50%). Furthermore, COD removal rate of 81.94 ± 1.4% was obtained simultaneously. The results presented are promising, and the screened strain would be of great practical importance in mature landfill leachate and other NH4(+)-N enrichment wastewater pollution control. © 2014 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

High-performance perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 thin films for solar cells prepared by single-source physical vapour deposition

PubMed Central

Fan, Ping; Gu, Di; Liang, Guang-Xing; Luo, Jing-Ting; Chen, Ju-Long; Zheng, Zhuang-Hao; Zhang, Dong-Ping

2016-01-01

In this work, an alternative route to fabricating high-quality CH3NH3PbI3 thin films is proposed. Single-source physical vapour deposition (SSPVD) without a post-heat-treating process was used to prepare CH3NH3PbI3 thin films at room temperature. This new process enabled complete surface coverage and moisture stability in a non-vacuum solution. Moreover, the challenges of simultaneously controlling evaporation processes of the organic and inorganic sources via dual-source vapour evaporation and the heating process required to obtain high crystallization were avoided. Excellent composition with stoichiometry transferred from the powder material, a high level of tetragonal phase-purity, full surface coverage, well-defined grain structure, high crystallization and reproducibility were obtained. A PCE of approximately 10.90% was obtained with a device based on SSPVD CH3NH3PbI3. These initial results suggest that SSPVD is a promising method to significantly optimize perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 solar cell efficiency. PMID:27426686

Simultaneous Ultraviolet and X-Ray Spectroscopy of the Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 5548. I. Physical Conditions in the Ultraviolet Absorbers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crenshaw, D. M.; Kraemer, S. B.; Gabel, J. R.; Kaastra, J. S.; Steenbrugge, K. C.; Brinkman, A. C.; Dunn, J. P.; George, I. M.; Liedahl, D. A.; Paerels, F. B. S.; Turner, T. J.; Yaqoob, T.

2003-09-01

We present new UV spectra of the nucleus of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548, which we obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph at high spectral resolution, in conjunction with simultaneous Chandra X-Ray Observatory spectra. Taking advantage of the low UV continuum and broad emission-line fluxes, we have determined that the deepest UV absorption component covers at least a portion of the inner, high-ionization narrow-line region (NLR). We find nonunity covering factors in the cores of several kinematic components, which increase the column density measurements of N V and C IV by factors of 1.2-1.9 over the full-covering case; however, the revised columns have only a minor effect on the parameters derived from our photoionization models. For the first time, we have simultaneous N V and C IV columns for component 1 (at -1040 km s-1) and find that this component cannot be an X-ray warm absorber, contrary to our previous claim based on nonsimultaneous observations. We find that models of the absorbers based on solar abundances severely overpredict the O VI columns previously obtained with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer and present arguments that this is not likely due to variability. However, models that include either enhanced nitrogen (twice solar) or dust, with strong depletion of carbon in either case, are successful in matching all of the observed ionic columns. These models result in substantially lower ionization parameters and total column densities compared to dust-free solar-abundance models and produce little O VII or O VIII, indicating that none of the UV absorbers are X-ray warm absorbers. Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. These observations are associated with proposal 9279.

Physical properties, star-spot activity, orbital obliquity and transmission spectrum of the Qatar-2 planetary system from multicolour photometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mancini, L.; Southworth, J.; Ciceri, S.; Tregloan-Reed, J.; Crossfield, I.; Nikolov, N.; Bruni, I.; Zambelli, R.; Henning, Th.

2014-09-01

We present 17 high-precision light curves of five transits of the planet Qatar-2 b, obtained from four defocused 2 m-class telescopes. Three of the transits were observed simultaneously in the Sloan g'r'i'z' passbands using the seven-beam Gamma Ray Burst Optical and Near-Infrared Detector imager on the MPG/ESO 2.2-m telescope. A fourth was observed simultaneously in Gunn grz using the Centro Astronómico Hispano Alemán 2.2-m telescope with Bonn University Simultaneous Camera, and in r using the Cassini 1.52-m telescope. Every light curve shows small anomalies due to the passage of the planetary shadow over a cool spot on the surface of the host star. We fit the light curves with the PRISM+GEMC model to obtain the photometric parameters of the system and the position, size and contrast of each spot. We use these photometric parameters and published spectroscopic measurements to obtain the physical properties of the system to high precision, finding a larger radius and lower density for both star and planet than previously thought. By tracking the change in position of one star-spot between two transit observations, we measure the orbital obliquity of Qatar-2 b to be λ = 4.3° ± 4.5°, strongly indicating an alignment of the stellar spin with the orbit of the planet. We calculate the rotation period and velocity of the cool host star to be 11.5 ± 0.2 d and 3.28 ± 0.04 km s-1 at a colatitude of 74°. We assemble the planet's transmission spectrum over the 386-976 nm wavelength range and search for variations of the measured radius of Qatar-2 b as a function of wavelength. Our analysis highlights a possible H2/He Rayleigh scattering in the blue.

[Simultaneous determination of 9 ultraviolet stabilizers in food plastic packaging materials by solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography].

PubMed

Zhang, Juzhou; Li, Jing; Shao, Dongliang; Yao, Bangben; Jiang, Junshu

2012-02-01

An effective high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of 9 ultraviolet stabilizers in food plastic packaging materials. The food packaging samples were firstly extracted by methanol-ethyl acetate, and then purified by a C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) column. The target compounds were separated on a ZORBAX SB-C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) in gradient elution mode using methanol and water as mobile phases. The detection wavelength was at 310 nm. The linear plots of the nine ultraviolet stabilizers were obtained between 0.2 and 10 mg/L, with the correlation coefficients of above 0. 999 for the nine ultraviolet stabilizers. The limits of detection for this method were in the range from 0.05 to 0.1 mg/L. The recoveries spiked in commercial food plastic packaging materials were in the range of 70.2% - 89.0% with the relative standard deviations of 0.4% - 4.5%. The results indicated that the method is simple, accurate, and suitable for the simultaneous determination of the nine ultraviolet stabilizers in food plastic packaging materials.

Simultaneous Chemical and Refractive Index Sensing in the 1-2.5 μm Near-Infrared Wavelength Range on Nanoporous Gold Disks.

PubMed

Shih, Wei-Chuan; Santos, Greggy M; Zhao, Fusheng; Zenasni, Oussama; Arnob, Md Masud Parvez

2016-07-13

Near-infrared (NIR) absorption spectroscopy provides molecular and chemical information based on overtones and combination bands of the fundamental vibrational modes in the infrared wavelengths. However, the sensitivity of NIR absorption measurement is limited by the generally weak absorption and the relatively poor detector performance compared to other wavelength ranges. To overcome these barriers, we have developed a novel technique to simultaneously obtain chemical and refractive index sensing in 1-2.5 μm NIR wavelength range on nanoporous gold (NPG) disks, which feature high-density plasmonic hot-spots of localized electric field enhancement. For the first time, surface-enhanced near-infrared absorption (SENIRA) spectroscopy has been demonstrated for high sensitivity chemical detection. With a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of octadecanethiol (ODT), an enhancement factor (EF) of up to ∼10(4) has been demonstrated for the first C-H combination band at 2400 nm using NPG disk with 600 nm diameter. Together with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) extinction spectroscopy, simultaneous sensing of sample refractive index has been achieved for the first time. The performance of this technique has been evaluated using various hydrocarbon compounds and crude oil samples.

The subtyping of primary aldosteronism by adrenal vein sampling: sequential blood sampling causes factitious lateralization.

PubMed

Rossitto, Giacomo; Battistel, Michele; Barbiero, Giulio; Bisogni, Valeria; Maiolino, Giuseppe; Diego, Miotto; Seccia, Teresa M; Rossi, Gian Paolo

2018-02-01

The pulsatile secretion of adrenocortical hormones and a stress reaction occurring when starting adrenal vein sampling (AVS) can affect the selectivity and also the assessment of lateralization when sequential blood sampling is used. We therefore tested the hypothesis that a simulated sequential blood sampling could decrease the diagnostic accuracy of lateralization index for identification of aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), as compared with bilaterally simultaneous AVS. In 138 consecutive patients who underwent subtyping of primary aldosteronism, we compared the results obtained simultaneously bilaterally when starting AVS (t-15) and 15 min after (t0), with those gained with a simulated sequential right-to-left AVS technique (R ⇒ L) created by combining hormonal values obtained at t-15 and at t0. The concordance between simultaneously obtained values at t-15 and t0, and between simultaneously obtained values and values gained with a sequential R ⇒ L technique, was also assessed. We found a marked interindividual variability of lateralization index values in the patients with bilaterally selective AVS at both time point. However, overall the lateralization index simultaneously determined at t0 provided a more accurate identification of APA than the simulated sequential lateralization indexR ⇒ L (P = 0.001). Moreover, regardless of which side was sampled first, the sequential AVS technique induced a sequence-dependent overestimation of lateralization index. While in APA patients the concordance between simultaneous AVS at t0 and t-15 and between simultaneous t0 and sequential technique was moderate-to-good (K = 0.55 and 0.66, respectively), in non-APA patients, it was poor (K = 0.12 and 0.13, respectively). Sequential AVS generates factitious between-sides gradients, which lower its diagnostic accuracy, likely because of the stress reaction arising upon starting AVS.

An integrated bienzyme glucose oxidase-fructose dehydrogenase-tetrathiafulvalene-3-mercaptopropionic acid-gold electrode for the simultaneous determination of glucose and fructose.

PubMed

Campuzano, Susana; Loaiza, Oscar A; Pedrero, María; de Villena, F Javier Manuel; Pingarrón, José M

2004-06-01

A bienzyme biosensor for the simultaneous determination of glucose and fructose was developed by coimmobilising glucose oxidase (GOD), fructose dehydrogenase (FDH), and the mediator, tetrathiafulvalene (TTF), by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde atop a 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on a gold disk electrode (AuE). The performance of this bienzyme electrode under batch and flow injection (FI) conditions, as well as an amperometric detection in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), are reported. The order of enzyme immobilisation atop the MPA-SAM affected the biosensor amperometric response in terms of sensitivity, with the immobilisation order GOD, FDH, TTF being selected. Similar analytical characteristics to those obtained with single GOD or FDH SAM-based biosensors for glucose and fructose were achieved with the bienzyme electrode, indicating that no noticeable changes in the biosensor responses to the analytes occurred as a consequence of the coimmobilisation of both enzymes on the same MPA-AuE. The suitability of the bienzyme biosensor for the analysis of real samples under flow injection conditions was tested by determining glucose in two certified serum samples. The simultaneous determination of glucose and fructose in the same sample cannot be performed without a separation step because at the detection potential used (+0.10 V), both sugars show amperometric response. Consequently, HPLC with amperometric detection at the TTF-FDH-GOD-MPA-AuE was accomplished. Glucose and fructose were simultaneously determined in honey, cola softdrink, and commercial apple juice, and the results were compared with those obtained by using other reference methods.

A novel high-pressure vessel for simultaneous observations of seismic velocity and in situ CO2 distribution in a porous rock using a medical X-ray CT scanner

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Lanlan; Nishizawa, Osamu; Zhang, Yi; Park, Hyuck; Xue, Ziqiu

2016-12-01

Understanding the relationship between seismic wave velocity or attenuation and CO2 saturation is essential for CO2 storage in deep saline formations. In the present study, we describe a novel upright high-pressure vessel that is designed to keep a rock sample under reservoir conditions and simultaneously image the entire sample using a medical X-ray CT scanner. The pressure vessel is composed of low X-ray absorption materials: a carbon-fibre-enhanced polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cylinder and PEEK vessel closures supported by carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) joists. The temperature was controlled by a carbon-coated film heater and an aramid fibre thermal insulator. The assembled sample cell allows us to obtain high-resolution images of rock samples during CO2 drainage and brine imbibition under reservoir conditions. The rock sample was oriented vertical to the rotation axis of the CT scanner, and seismic wave paths were aligned parallel to the rotation axis to avoid shadows from the acoustic transducers. The reconstructed CO2 distribution images allow us to calculate the CO2 saturation in the first Fresnel zone along the ray path between transducers. A robust relationship between the seismic wave velocity or attenuation and the CO2 saturation in porous rock was obtained from experiments using this pressure vessel.

Longitudinal analysis of one million vital signs in patients in an academic medical center.

PubMed

Bleyer, Anthony J; Vidya, Sri; Russell, Gregory B; Jones, Catherine M; Sujata, Leon; Daeihagh, Pirouz; Hire, Donald

2011-11-01

Recognition of critically abnormal vital signs has been used to identify critically ill patients for activation of rapid response teams. Most studies have only analyzed vital signs obtained at the time of admission. The intent of this study was to examine the association of critical vital signs occurring at any time during the hospitalization with mortality. All vital sign measurements were obtained for hospitalizations from January 1, 2008 to June 30, 2009 at a large academic medical center. There were 1.15 million individual vital sign determinations obtained in 42,430 admissions on 27,722 patients. Critical vital signs were defined as a systolic blood pressure <85 mmHg, heart rate >120 bpm, temperature <35°C or >38.9°C, oxygen saturation <91%, respiratory rate ≤ 12 or ≥ 24, and level of consciousness recorded as anything but "alert". The presence of a solitary critically abnormal vital sign was associated with a mortality of 0.92% vs. a mortality of 23.6% for three simultaneous critical vital signs. Of those experiencing three simultaneous critical vital signs, only 25% did so within 24h of admission. The Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) and VitalPAC Early Warning Score (VIEWS) were validated as good predictors of mortality at any time point during the hospitalization. The simultaneous presence of three critically abnormal vital signs can occur at any time during the hospital admission and is associated with very high mortality. Early recognition of these events presents an opportunity for decreasing mortality. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Simultaneous Synchrotron WAXD and Fast Scanning (Chip) Calorimetry: On the (Isothermal) Crystallization of HDPE and PA11 at High Supercoolings and Cooling Rates up to 200 °C s(-1).

PubMed

Baeten, Dorien; Mathot, Vincent B F; Pijpers, Thijs F J; Verkinderen, Olivier; Portale, Giuseppe; Van Puyvelde, Peter; Goderis, Bart

2015-06-01

An experimental setup, making use of a Flash DSC 1 prototype, is presented in which materials can be studied simultaneously by fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) and synchrotron wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). Accumulation of multiple, identical measurements results in high quality, millisecond WAXD patterns. Patterns at every degree during the crystallization and melting of high density polyethylene at FSC typical scanning rates from 20 up to 200 °C s(-1) are discussed in terms of the temperature and scanning rate dependent material crystallinities and crystal densities. Interestingly, the combined approach reveals FSC thermal lag issues, for which can be corrected. For polyamide 11, isothermal solidification at high supercooling yields a mesomorphic phase in less than a second, whereas at very low supercooling crystals are obtained. At intermediate supercooling, mixtures of mesomorphic and crystalline material are generated at a ratio proportional to the supercooling. This ratio is constant over the isothermal solidification time. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Constraints on filament models deduced from dynamical analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Simon, G.; Schmieder, B.; Demoulin, P.; Malherbe, J. M.; Poland, A. I.

1986-01-01

The conclusions deduced from simultaneous observations with the Ultra-Violet Spectrometer and Polarimeter (UVSP) on the Solar Maximum Mission satellite, and the Multichannel Subtractive Double Pass (MSPD) spectrographs at Meudon and Pic du Midi observatories are presented. The observations were obtained in 1980 and 1984. All instruments have almost the same field of view and provide intensity and velocity maps at two temperatures. The resolution is approx. 0.5 to 1.5" for H alpha line and 3" for C IV. The high resolution and simultaneity of the two types of observations allows a more accurate description of the flows in prominences as functions of temperature and position. The results put some contraints on the models and show that dynamical aspects must be taken into account.

Partial homogeneity based high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectra under inhomogeneous magnetic fields

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wei, Zhiliang; Lin, Liangjie; Lin, Yanqin, E-mail: linyq@xmu.edu.cn, E-mail: chenz@xmu.edu.cn

2014-09-29

In nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique, it is of great necessity and importance to obtain high-resolution spectra, especially under inhomogeneous magnetic fields. In this study, a method based on partial homogeneity is proposed for retrieving high-resolution one-dimensional NMR spectra under inhomogeneous fields. Signals from series of small voxels, which characterize high resolution due to small sizes, are recorded simultaneously. Then, an inhomogeneity correction algorithm is developed based on pattern recognition to correct the influence brought by field inhomogeneity automatically, thus yielding high-resolution information. Experiments on chemical solutions and fish spawn were carried out to demonstrate the performance of the proposedmore » method. The proposed method serves as a single radiofrequency pulse high-resolution NMR spectroscopy under inhomogeneous fields and may provide an alternative of obtaining high-resolution spectra of in vivo living systems or chemical-reaction systems, where performances of conventional techniques are usually degenerated by field inhomogeneity.« less

Rational Design of Si@SiO2/C Composites Using Sustainable Cellulose as a Carbon Resource for Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries.

PubMed

Shen, Dazhi; Huang, Chaofan; Gan, Lihui; Liu, Jian; Gong, Zhengliang; Long, Minnan

2018-03-07

In this work, we propose a novel and facile route for the rational design of Si@SiO 2 /C anode materials by using sustainable and environment-friendly cellulose as a carbon resource. To simultaneously obtain a SiO 2 layer and a carbon scaffold, a specially designed homogeneous cellulose solution and commercial Si nanopowder are used as the starting materials, and the cellulose/Si composite is directly assembled by an in situ regenerating method. Subsequently, Si@SiO 2 /C composite is obtained after carbonization. As expected, Si@SiO 2 is homogeneously encapsulated in the cellulose-derived carbon network. The obtained Si@SiO 2 /C composite shows a high reversible capacity of 1071 mA h g -1 at a current density of 420 mA g -1 and 70% capacity retention after 200 cycles. This novel, sustainable, and effective design is a promising approach to obtain high-performance and cost-effective composite anodes for practical applications.

Evaluation of a method for the simultaneous quantification of N-nitrosamines in water samples based on stir bar sorptive extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography and diode array detection.

PubMed

Talebpour, Zahra; Rostami, Simindokht; Rezadoost, Hassan

2015-05-01

A simple, sensitive, and reliable procedure based on stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was applied to simultaneously extract and determine three semipolar nitrosamines including N-nitrosodibutylamine, N-nitrosodiphenylamine, and N-nitrosodicyclohexylamine. To achieve the optimum conditions, the effective parameters on the extraction efficiency including desorption solvent and time, ionic strength of sample, extraction time, and sample volume were systematically investigated. The optimized extraction procedure was carried out by stir bars coated with polydimethylsiloxane. Under optimum extraction conditions, the performance of the proposed method was studied. The linear dynamic range was obtained in the range of 0.95-1000 ng/mL (r = 0.9995), 0.26-1000 ng/mL (r = 0.9988) and both 0.32-100 ng/mL (r = 0.9999) and 100-1000 ng/mL (r = 0.9998) with limits of detection of 0.28, 0.08, and 0.09 ng/mL for N-nitrosodibutylamine, N-nitrosodiphenylamine, and N-nitrosodicyclohexylamine, respectively. The average recoveries were obtained >81%, and the reproducibility of the proposed method presented as intra- and interday precision were also found with a relative standard deviation <6%. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amounts of selected nitrosamines in various water and wastewater samples and the obtained results were confirmed using mass spectrometry. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Possible detection of a bimodal cloud distribution in the atmosphere of HAT-P-32 A b from multiband photometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tregloan-Reed, J.; Southworth, J.; Mancini, L.; Mollière, P.; Ciceri, S.; Bruni, I.; Ricci, D.; Ayala-Loera, C.; Henning, T.

2018-03-01

We present high-precision photometry of eight separate transit events in the HAT-P-32 planetary system. One transit event was observed simultaneously by two telescopes of which one obtained a simultaneous multiband light curve in three optical bands, giving a total of 11 transit light curves. Due to the filter selection and in conjunction with using the defocused photometry technique, we were able to obtain an extremely high-precision, ground-based transit in the u band (350 nm), with an rms scatter of ≈1 mmag. All 11 transits were modelled using PRISM and GEMC, and the physical properties of the system calculated. We find the mass and radius of the host star to be 1.182 ± 0.041 M⊙ and 1.225 ± 0.015 R⊙, respectively. For the planet, we find a mass of 0.80 ± 0.14 MJup, a radius of 1.807 ± 0.022 RJup, and a density of 0.126 ± 0.023 ρJup. These values are consistent with those found in the literature. We also obtain a new orbital ephemeris for the system T0 = BJD/TDB 2 454 420.447187(96) + 2.15000800(10) × E. We measured the transmission spectrum of HAT-P-32 A b and compared it to theoretical transmission spectra. Our results indicate a bimodal cloud particle distribution consisting of Rayleigh-like haze and grey absorbing cloud particles within the atmosphere of HAT-P-32 A b.

Jet Mixing Enhancement by Feedback Control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Glauser, Mark; Taylor, Jeffrey

1999-01-01

The objective of this work has been to produce methodologies for high speed jet noise reduction based on natural mechanisms and enhanced feedback control to affect frequencies and structures in a prescribed manner. In this effort the two-point hot wire measurements obtained in the Langley jet facility by Ukeiley were used in conjuction with linear stochastic estimation (LSE) to implement the LSE component of the complementary technique. This method combines the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and LSE to provide an experimental low dimensional time dependent description of the flow field. From such a description it should be possible to identify short time high strain rate events in the jet which contribute to the noise. The main task completed for this effort is summarized: LSE experiments were performed at the downstream locations where the two point hot wire measurements have been obtained by Ukeiley. These experiments involved sampling simultaneously hot wire signals from a relatively course spatial grid in gamma and theta. From this simultaneous data, coupled with the two-point measurements of Ukeiley via the LSE components of the complementary technique, an experimental low dimensional description of the jet at 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 diameters downstream was obtained for Mach numbers of 0.3 and 0.6. We first present an overview of the theory involved. We finish up with a statement of the work performed and finally provide charts from a 1999 APS talk which summarizes the results.

Process monitored spectrophotometric titration coupled with chemometrics for simultaneous determination of mixtures of weak acids.

PubMed

Liao, Lifu; Yang, Jing; Yuan, Jintao

2007-05-15

A new spectrophotometric titration method coupled with chemometrics for the simultaneous determination of mixtures of weak acids has been developed. In this method, the titrant is a mixture of sodium hydroxide and an acid-base indicator, and the indicator is used to monitor the titration process. In a process of titration, both the added volume of titrant and the solution acidity at each titration point can be obtained simultaneously from an absorption spectrum by least square algorithm, and then the concentration of each component in the mixture can be obtained from the titration curves by principal component regression. The method only needs the information of absorbance spectra to obtain the analytical results, and is free of volumetric measurements. The analyses are independent of titration end point and do not need the accurate values of dissociation constants of the indicator and the acids. The method has been applied to the simultaneous determination of the mixtures of benzoic acid and salicylic acid, and the mixtures of phenol, o-chlorophenol and p-chlorophenol with satisfactory results.

Jovian aurora from Juno perijove passes: comparison of ultraviolet and infrared images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gérard, J.-C.; Bonfond, B.; Adriani, A.; Gladstone, G. R.; Mura, A.; Grodent, D.; Versteeg, M. H.; Greathouse, T. K.; Hue, V.; Altieri, F.; Dinelli, B. M.; Moriconi, M. L.; Migliorini, A.; Radioti, A.; Bolton, S. J.; Connerney, J. E. P.; Levin, S. M.; Fabiano, F.

2017-09-01

The electromagnetic radiation emitted by the Jovian aurora extends from the X-Rays presumably caused by heavy ion precipitation and electron bremsstrahlung to thermal infrared radiation resulting from enhanced heating by high-energy charged particles. Many observations have been made since the 1990s with the Hubble Space Telescope, which was able to image the H2 Lyman and Werner bands that are directly excited by collisions of auroral electrons with H2. Ground-based telescopes obtained spectra and images of the thermal H3+ emission produced by charge transfer between H2+ and H+ ions and neutral H2 molecules in the lower thermosphere. However, so far the geometry of the observations limited the coverage from Earth orbit and only one case of simultaneous UV and infrared emissions has been described in the literature. The Juno mission provides the unique advantage to observe both Jovian hemispheres simultaneously in the two wavelength regions simultaneously and offers a more global coverage with unprecedented spatial resolution. This was the case.

Optical data storage and metallization of polymers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roland, C. M.; Sonnenschein, M. F.

1991-01-01

The utilization of polymers as media for optical data storage offers many potential benefits and consequently has been widely explored. New developments in thermal imaging are described, wherein high resolution lithography is accomplished without thermal smearing. The emphasis was on the use of poly(ethylene terephthalate) film, which simultaneously serves as both the substrate and the data storage medium. Both physical and chemical changes can be induced by the application of heat and, thereby, serve as a mechanism for high resolution optical data storage in polymers. The extension of the technique to obtain high resolution selective metallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) is also described.

Heisenberg's uncertainty principle for simultaneous measurement of positive-operator-valued measures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miyadera, Takayuki; Imai, Hideki

2008-11-01

A limitation on simultaneous measurement of two arbitrary positive-operator-valued measures is discussed. In general, simultaneous measurement of two noncommutative observables is only approximately possible. Following Werner’s formulation, we introduce a distance between observables to quantify an accuracy of measurement. We derive an inequality that relates the achievable accuracy with noncommutativity between two observables. As a byproduct a necessary condition for two positive-operator-valued measures to be simultaneously measurable is obtained.

The ATLAS-1 Shuttle mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Torr, Marsha R.; Sullivan, Kathryn D.

1992-01-01

The Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS-1) encompasses instruments which will be useful in determining long-term solar variability as well as in forging links to the measurements obtained by other spacecraft for the perturbed middle and upper atmosphere. The simultaneous measurements that will be conducted by ATLAS-1 of stratospheric concentrations of ozone, chlorine monoxide and water vapor, at relatively high latitudes during the northern spring, will be especially timely.

Determination of the particulate extinction-coefficient profile and the column-integrated lidar ratios using the backscatter-coefficient and optical-depth profiles

Treesearch

Vladimir A Kovalev; Wei Min Hao; Cyle Wold

2007-01-01

A new method is considered that can be used for inverting data obtained from a combined elastic-inelastic lidar or a high spectral resolution lidar operating in a one-directional mode, or an elastic lidar operating in a multiangle mode. The particulate extinction coefficient is retrieved from the simultaneously measured profiles of the particulate backscatter...

Optimization and application of TiO₂/Ti-Pt photo fuel cell (PFC) to effectively generate electricity and degrade organic pollutants simultaneously.

PubMed

Li, Kan; Zhang, Hongbo; Tang, Tiantian; Xu, Yunlan; Ying, Diwen; Wang, Yalin; Jia, Jinping

2014-10-01

A TiO2/Ti-Pt photo fuel cell (PFC) was established to generate electricity and degrade organic pollutants simultaneously. The electricity generation was optimized through investigation the influences of photoanode calcination temperature and dissolve oxygen on the resistances existing in PFC. TiO2 light quantum yield was also improved in PFC which resulted in a higher PC degradation efficiency. Two kinds of real textile wastewaters were also employed in this PFC system, 62.4% and 50.0% Coulombic efficiency were obtained for 8 h treatment. These refractory wastewaters with high salinity may become good fuels in PFC because a) TiO2 has no selectivity and can degrade nearly any organic substance, b) no more electrolyte is needed due to the high salinity, c) the energy in wastes can be recovered to generate electricity. The electricity generated by the PFC was further applied on a TiO2/Ti rotating disk photoelectrocatalytic reactor. A bias voltage between 0.6 and 0.75 V could be applied and the PC degradation efficiency was significantly improved. This result was similar with that obtained by a 0.7 V DC power. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[Study on simultaneous contamination of Salmonella and Campylobacter in retail chicken carcasses in Beijing].

PubMed

Hu, Yujie; Wang, Yeru; Li, Fengqin

2015-01-01

To elucidate the simultaneous contamination of Salmonella and Campylobacter in retail chicken carcasses in Beijing and to carry out the serological typing of all Salmonella isolates as well as the identification of Campylobacter at the species level. A total of 33 chicken carcasses were collected from Beijing supermarkets and farm's trade markets from May to July. All samples were enumerated for Salmonella and Campylobacter. All Salmonella isolates obtained were further serotyped and Campylobacter were identified at the species level. Totally, 19 samples (19/33, 57.6%) and 5 samples (5/33, 15.2%) were positive for Salmonella with the mean level of 119.4 MPN/100g and Campylobacter with the mean level of 58.6 CFU/g, respectively. In terms of Salmonella, 166 isolates with 14 serotypes were obtained. Salmonella Enteritidis was the most common serovar detected followed by S. Indiana. Serovar diversity was very high in all Salmonella isolates and various Salmonella serovars were detected in the same chicken carcass. A total of 11 serovar distribution spectrums were found and S. Enteritidis in combination with S. Indiana was the predominant. The retail chicken carcasses in Beijing collected from May to July were heavily contaminated by Salmonella with high serovar diversity.

Second-derivative synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy for the simultaneous determination of cinnarizine and nicergoline in pharmaceutical preparations.

PubMed

Walash, Mohamed I; Belal, Fathalla; El-Enany, Nahed; Abdelal, Amina

2008-01-01

A rapid, simple, and highly sensitive second-derivative synchronous fluorometric method has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of binary mixtures of cinnarizine (CN) and nicergoline (NIC). The method is based upon measurement of the native fluorescence of these drugs at constant wavelength difference (Deltalambda) = 80 nm in aqueous methanol (50%, v/v). The different experimental parameters affecting the native fluorescence of the studied drugs were carefully studied and optimized. The fluorescence-concentration plots were rectilinear over the range of 0.025-1.5 and 0.25-5.5 microg/mL for CN and NIC, respectively, with lower detection limits of 0.58 and 0.82 ng/mL and quantitation limits of 1.93 and 2.73 ng/mL for CN and NIC, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of the studied compounds in synthetic mixtures and in commercial tablets. The results obtained were in good agreement with those obtained with reference methods. The high sensitivity attained by the proposed method allowed the determination of CN in real and spiked human plasma. The mean recovery in the case of spiked human plasma [number of trials (n) = 3] was 102.82 +/- 2.17%, while that in real human plasma (n = 3) was 105.25 +/- 2.05.

Simultaneous square-wave voltammetric determination of aspartame and cyclamate using a boron-doped diamond electrode.

PubMed

Medeiros, Roberta Antigo; de Carvalho, Adriana Evaristo; Rocha-Filho, Romeu C; Fatibello-Filho, Orlando

2008-07-30

A simple and highly selective electrochemical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of aspartame and cyclamate in dietary products at a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode. In square-wave voltammetric (SWV) measurements, the BDD electrode was able to separate the oxidation peak potentials of aspartame and cyclamate present in binary mixtures by about 400 mV. The detection limit for aspartame in the presence of 3.0x10(-4) mol L(-1) cyclamate was 4.7x10(-7) mol L(-1), and the detection limit for cyclamate in the presence of 1.0x10(-4) mol L(-1) aspartame was 4.2x10(-6) mol L(-1). When simultaneously changing the concentration of both aspartame and cyclamate in a 0.5 mol L(-1) sulfuric acid solution, the corresponding detection limits were 3.5x10(-7) and 4.5x10(-6) mol L(-1), respectively. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) obtained was 1.3% for the 1.0x10(-4) mol L(-1) aspartame solution (n=5) and 1.1% for the 3.0x10(-3) mol L(-1) cyclamate solution. The proposed method was successfully applied in the determination of aspartame in several dietary products with results similar to those obtained using an HPLC method at 95% confidence level.

Combining Optical Coherence Tomography with Fluorescence Molecular Imaging: Towards Simultaneous Morphology and Molecular Imaging

PubMed Central

Yuan, Shuai; Roney, Celeste A.; Wierwille, Jerry; Chen, Chao-Wei; Xu, Biying; Jiang, James; Ma, Hongzhou; Cable, Alex; Summers, Ronald M.; Chen, Yu

2010-01-01

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides high-resolution, cross-sectional imaging of tissue microstructure in situ and in real-time, while fluorescence molecular imaging (FMI) enables the visualization of basic molecular processes. There are great interests in combining these two modalities so that the tissue's structural and molecular information can be obtained simultaneously. This could greatly benefit biomedical applications such as detecting early diseases and monitoring therapeutic interventions. In this research, an optical system that combines OCT and FMI was developed. The system demonstrated that it could co-register en face OCT and FMI images with a 2.4 × 2.4 mm field of view. The transverse resolutions of OCT and FMI of the system are both ~10 μm. Capillary tubes filled with fluorescent dye Cy 5.5 in different concentrations under a scattering medium are used as the phantom. En face OCT images of the phantoms were obtained and successfully co-registered with FMI images that were acquired simultaneously. A linear relationship between FMI intensity and dye concentration was observed. The relationship between FMI intensity and target fluorescence tube depth measured by OCT images was also observed and compared with theoretical modeling. This relationship could help in correcting reconstructed dye concentration. Imaging of colon polyps of APCmin mouse model is presented as an example of biological applications of this co-registered OCT/FMI system. PMID:20009192

Simultaneous separation and purification of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and caffeine from tea extract by size exclusion effect on modified porous adsorption material.

PubMed

Zhang, Xiaofeng; Xu, Yi; Zhang, Qing; Cao, Kun; Mu, Xiuni

2016-09-15

A dual-task method for the simultaneous separation and purification of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and caffeine (CAF) from crude extract of green tea was established by size exclusion effect onto hydroquinone modified porous adsorbents. The results showed that hydroquinone modified porous adsorbents P4 provided the best separation power due to it has more porous structure and phenolic hydroxyl group. The adsorption-desorption behaviors of EGCG and CAF onto P4 adsorbents were investigated. Adsorption kinetics of EGCG and CAF results showed that the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The results also indicated that the equilibrium adsorption data best fit the Langmuir model. Meanwhile, EGCG and CAF were separated successfully onto P4 adsorbents packed columns in a gradient eluent process, and P4 adsorbents exhibited the size exclusion effect for small molecules CAF. Based on the phenolic hydroxyl group and size exclusion effect of P4 adsorbents, the high purity EGCG and CAF were obtained with 40% (v/v) ethanol eluent successively. The process fulfilled the task of simultaneous separation and purification of EGCG and CAF, and proved to be a promising basis for preparations of difficult to obtain active components that have similar polarity and different sizes of molecules and derived from the same natural products. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

High Solid Fed-batch Butanol Fermentation with Simultaneous Product Recovery: Part II - Process Integration.

PubMed

Qureshi, Nasib; Klasson, K Thomas; Saha, Badal C; Liu, Siqing

2018-04-25

In these studies liquid hot water (LHW) pretreated and enzymatically hydrolyzed Sweet Sorghum Bagasse (SSB) hydrolyzates were fermented in a fed-batch reactor. As reported in the preceding paper, the culture was not able to ferment the hydrolyzate I in a batch process due to presence of high level of toxic chemicals, in particular acetic acid released from SSB during the hydrolytic process. To be able to ferment the hydrolyzate I obtained from 250 gL -1 SSB hydrolysis, a fed-batch reactor with in-situ butanol recovery was devised. The process was started with the hydrolyzate II and when good cell growth and vigorous fermentation were observed, the hydrolyzate I was slowly fed to the reactor. In this manner the culture was able to ferment all the sugars present in both the hydrolyzates to acetone butanol ethanol (ABE). In a control batch reactor in which ABE was produced from glucose, ABE productivity and yield of 0.42 gL -1 h -1 and 0.36 were obtained, respectively. In the fed-batch reactor fed with SSB hydrolyzates these productivity and yield values were 0.44 gL -1 h -1 and 0.45, respectively. ABE yield in the integrated system was high due to utilization of acetic acid to convert to ABE. In summary we were able to utilize both the hydrolyzates obtained from LHW pretreated and enzymatically hydrolyzed SSB (250 gL -1 ) and convert them to ABE. Complete fermentation was possible due to simultaneous recovery of ABE by vacuum. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.

Design of short Italian sentences to assess near vision performance.

PubMed

Calossi, Antonio; Boccardo, Laura; Fossetti, Alessandro; Radner, Wolfgang

2014-01-01

To develop and validate 28 short Italian sentences for the construction of the Italian version of the Radner Reading Chart to simultaneously measure near visual acuity and reading speed. 41 sentences were constructed in Italian language, following the procedure defined by Radner, to obtain "sentence optotypes" with comparable structure and with the same lexical and grammatical difficulty. Sentences were statistically selected and used in 211 normal, non-presbyopic, native Italian-speaking persons. The most equally matched sentences in terms of reading speed and number of reading errors were selected. To assess the validity of the reading speed results obtained with the 28 selected short sentences, we compared the reading speed and reading errors with the average obtained by reading two long 4th-grade paragraphs (97 and 90 words) under the same conditions. The overall mean reading speed of the tested persons was 189±26wpm. The 28 sentences more similar in terms of reading times were selected, achieving a coefficient of variation (the relative SD) of 2.2%. The reliability analyses yielded an overall Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.98. The correlation between the short sentences and the long paragraph was high (r=0.85, P<0.0001). The 28 short single Italian sentences optotypes were highly comparable in syntactical structure, number, position, and length of words, lexical difficulty, and reading length. The resulting Italian Radner Reading Chart is precise (high consistency) and practical (short sentences) and therefore useful for research and clinical practice to simultaneously measure near reading acuity and reading speed. Copyright © 2013 Spanish General Council of Optometry. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Spectrophotometric and HPLC Methods for Simultaneous Estimation of Amlodipine Besilate, Losartan Potassium and Hydrochlorothiazide in Tablets

PubMed Central

Wankhede, S. B.; Raka, K. C.; Wadkar, S. B.; Chitlange, S. S.

2010-01-01

Two UV-spectrophotometric and one reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography methods have been developed for the simultaneous estimation of amlodipine besilate, losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide in tablet dosage form. The first UV spectrophotometric method was a determination using the simultaneous equation method at 236.5, 254 and 271 nm over the concentration range 5-25, 10-50 and 5-25 μg/ml for amlodipine besilate, losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide, respectively. The second UV method was a determination using the area under curve method at 231.5-241.5, 249-259 and 266-276 nm over the concentration range of 5-25, 5-25 and 10-50 μg/ml for amlodipine besilate, hydrochlorothiazide and losartan potassium, respectively. In reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography analysis is carried out using 0.025 M phosphate buffer (pH 3.7):acetonitrile (57:43 v/v) as the mobile phase and Kromasil C18 (4.6 mm i.d×250 mm) column as stationery phase with detection wavelength of 232 nm linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 2-14, 20-140 and 5-40 μg/ml for amlodipine besilate, losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide, respectively. Both UV-spectrophotometric and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography methods were statistically validated and can be used for analysis of combined dose tablet formulation containing amlodipine besilate, losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide. PMID:20582208

Of enzyme use in cost-effective high solid simultaneous saccharification and fermentation processes.

PubMed

Sóti, Valentin; Lenaerts, Silvia; Cornet, Iris

2018-03-20

Enzyme cost is considered to be one of the most significant factors defining the final product price in lignocellulose hydrolysis and fermentation. Enzyme immobilization and recycling can be a tool to decrease costs. However, high solid loading is a key factor towards high product titers, and recovery of immobilized enzymes from this thick liquid is often overlooked. This paper aims to evaluate the economic feasibility of immobilized enzymes in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of lignocellulose biomass in general, as well as the recuperation of magnetic immobilized enzymes (m-CLEAs) during high solid loading in simultaneous saccharification, detoxification and fermentation processes (SSDF) of lignocellulose biomass. Enzyme prices were obtained from general cost estimations by Klein-Marcuschamer et al. [Klein-Marcuschamer et al. (2012) Biotechnol. Bioeng. 109, 1083-1087]. During enzyme cost analysis, the influence of inoculum recirculation as well as a shortened fermentation time was explored. Both resulted in 15% decrease of final enzyme product price. Enzyme recuperation was investigated experimentally and 99.5 m/m% of m-CLEAs was recovered from liquid medium in one step, while 88 m/m% could still be recycled from a thick liquid with high solid concentrations (SSF fermentation broth). A mathematical model was constructed to calculate the cost of immobilized and free enzyme utilization and showed that, with current process efficiencies and commercial enzyme prices, the cost reduction obtained by enzyme immobilization can reach around 60% compared to free enzyme utilization, while lower enzyme prices will result in a lower percentage of immobilization related savings, but overall enzyme costs will decrease significantly. These results are applied in a case study, estimating the viability of shifting from sugar to lignocellulose substrate for a 100 t lactic acid fermentation batch. It was concluded that it will only be economically feasible if the enzymes are produced at the most optimistic variable cost and either the activity of the immobilized catalyst or the recovery efficiency is further increased. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

High temperature irradiation induced creep in Ag nanopillars measured via in situ transmission electron microscopy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jawaharram, Gowtham Sriram; Price, Patrick M.; Barr, Christopher M.

Irradiation induced creep (IIC) rates are measured in compression on Ag nanopillar (square) beams in the sink-limited regime. The IIC rate increases linearly with stress at lower stresses, i.e. below ≈2/3 the high temperature yield stress and parabolically with pillar width, L, for L less than ≈300 nm. Here, the data are obtained by combining in situ transmission electron imaging with simultaneous ion irradiation, laser heating, and nanopillar compression. Results in the larger width regime are consistent with prior literature.

High temperature irradiation induced creep in Ag nanopillars measured via in situ transmission electron microscopy

DOE PAGES

Jawaharram, Gowtham Sriram; Price, Patrick M.; Barr, Christopher M.; ...

2018-01-30

Irradiation induced creep (IIC) rates are measured in compression on Ag nanopillar (square) beams in the sink-limited regime. The IIC rate increases linearly with stress at lower stresses, i.e. below ≈2/3 the high temperature yield stress and parabolically with pillar width, L, for L less than ≈300 nm. Here, the data are obtained by combining in situ transmission electron imaging with simultaneous ion irradiation, laser heating, and nanopillar compression. Results in the larger width regime are consistent with prior literature.

Biaxially mechanical tuning of 2-D reversible and irreversible surface topologies through simultaneous and sequential wrinkling.

PubMed

Yin, Jie; Yagüe, Jose Luis; Boyce, Mary C; Gleason, Karen K

2014-02-26

Controlled buckling is a facile means of structuring surfaces. The resulting ordered wrinkling topologies provide surface properties and features desired for multifunctional applications. Here, we study the biaxially dynamic tuning of two-dimensional wrinkled micropatterns under cyclic mechanical stretching/releasing/restretching simultaneously or sequentially. A biaxially prestretched PDMS substrate is coated with a stiff polymer deposited by initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). Applying a mechanical release/restretch cycle in two directions loaded simultaneously or sequentially to the wrinkled system results in a variety of dynamic and tunable wrinkled geometries, the evolution of which is investigated using in situ optical profilometry, numerical simulations, and theoretical modeling. Results show that restretching ordered herringbone micropatterns, created through sequential release of biaxial prestrain, leads to reversible and repeatable surface topography. The initial flat surface and the same wrinkled herringbone pattern are obtained alternatively after cyclic release/restretch processes, owing to the highly ordered structure leaving no avenue for trapping irregular topological regions during cycling as further evidenced by the uniformity of strains distributions and negligible residual strain. Conversely, restretching disordered labyrinth micropatterns created through simultaneous release shows an irreversible surface topology whether after sequential or simultaneous restretching due to creation of irregular surface topologies with regions of highly concentrated strain upon formation of the labyrinth which then lead to residual strains and trapped topologies upon cycling; furthermore, these trapped topologies depend upon the subsequent strain histories as well as the cycle. The disordered labyrinth pattern varies after each cyclic release/restretch process, presenting residual shallow patterns instead of achieving a flat state. The ability to dynamically tune the highly ordered herringbone patterning through mechanical stretching or other actuation makes these wrinkles excellent candidates for tunable multifunctional surfaces properties such as reflectivity, friction, anisotropic liquid flow or boundary layer control.

A three-color absorption/scattering imaging technique for simultaneous measurements on distributions of temperature and fuel concentration in a spray

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qi, Wenyuan; Zhang, Yuyin

2018-04-01

A three-color imaging technique was proposed for simultaneous measurements on distributions of fuel/air mixture temperature and fuel vapor/liquid concentrations in evaporating sprays. The idea is based on that the vapor concentration is proportional to the absorption of vapor to UV light, the liquid-phase concentration is related to the light extinction due to scattering of droplet to visible light, and the mixture temperature can be correlated to the absorbance ratio at two absorbing wavelengths or narrow bands. For verifying the imaging system, the molar absorption coefficients of p-xylene at the three narrow bands, which were centered respectively at 265, 289, and 532 nm with FWHM of 10 nm, were measured in a specially designed calibration chamber at different temperatures (423-606 K) and pressure of 3.6 bar. It was found that the ratio of the molar absorption coefficients of p-xylene at the two narrow bands centered at the two UV wavelengths is sensitive to the mixture temperature. On the other hand, the distributions of fuel vapor/liquid concentrations can be obtained by use of absorbance due to ultraviolet absorption of vapor and visible light scattering of droplets. Combining these two methods, a simultaneous measurement on distributions of mixture temperature and fuel vapor/liquid concentrations can be realized. In addition, the temperature field obtained from the ratio of the two absorbing narrow bands can be further used to improve the measurement accuracy of vapor/liquid concentrations, because the absorption coefficients depend on temperature. This diagnostic was applied to an evaporating spray inside a high-temperature and high-pressure constant volume chamber.

Parallel processing using an optical delay-based reservoir computer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Van der Sande, Guy; Nguimdo, Romain Modeste; Verschaffelt, Guy

2016-04-01

Delay systems subject to delayed optical feedback have recently shown great potential in solving computationally hard tasks. By implementing a neuro-inspired computational scheme relying on the transient response to optical data injection, high processing speeds have been demonstrated. However, reservoir computing systems based on delay dynamics discussed in the literature are designed by coupling many different stand-alone components which lead to bulky, lack of long-term stability, non-monolithic systems. Here we numerically investigate the possibility of implementing reservoir computing schemes based on semiconductor ring lasers. Semiconductor ring lasers are semiconductor lasers where the laser cavity consists of a ring-shaped waveguide. SRLs are highly integrable and scalable, making them ideal candidates for key components in photonic integrated circuits. SRLs can generate light in two counterpropagating directions between which bistability has been demonstrated. We demonstrate that two independent machine learning tasks , even with different nature of inputs with different input data signals can be simultaneously computed using a single photonic nonlinear node relying on the parallelism offered by photonics. We illustrate the performance on simultaneous chaotic time series prediction and a classification of the Nonlinear Channel Equalization. We take advantage of different directional modes to process individual tasks. Each directional mode processes one individual task to mitigate possible crosstalk between the tasks. Our results indicate that prediction/classification with errors comparable to the state-of-the-art performance can be obtained even with noise despite the two tasks being computed simultaneously. We also find that a good performance is obtained for both tasks for a broad range of the parameters. The results are discussed in detail in [Nguimdo et al., IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst. 26, pp. 3301-3307, 2015

Simultaneous UV and X-ray Spectroscopy of the Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 5548. I: Physical Conditions in the UV Absorbers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crenshaw, D. M.; Kraemer, S. B.; Gabel, J. R.; Kaastra, J. S.; Steenbrugge, K. C.; Brinkman, A. C.; Dunn, J. P.; George, I. M.; Liedahl, D. A.; Paerels, F. B. S.

2003-01-01

We present new UV spectra of the nucleus of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548, which we obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph at high spectral resolution, in conjunction with simultaneous Chandra X-ray Observatory spectra. Taking advantage of the low UV continuum and broad emission-line fluxes, we have determined that the deepest UV absorption component covers at least a portion of the inner, high-ionization narrow-line region (NLR). We find nonunity covering factors in the cores of several kinematic components, which increase the column density measurements of N V and C IV by factors of 1.2 to 1.9 over the full-covering case; however, the revised columns have only a minor effect on the parameters derived from our photoionization models. For the first time, we have simultaneous N V and C IV columns for component 1 (at -1040 km/s), and find that this component cannot be an X-ray warm absorber, contrary to our previous claim based on nonsimultaneous observations. We find that models of the absorbers based on solar abundances severely overpredict the O VI columns previously obtained with the Far Ultraviolet Spectrograph, and present arguments that this is not likely due to variability. However, models that include either enhanced nitrogen (twice solar) or dust, with strong depletion of carbon in either case, are successful in matching all of the observed ionic columns. These models result in substantially lower ionization parameters and total column densities compared to dust-free solar-abundance models, and produce little O VII or O VIII, indicating that none of the UV absorbers are X-ray warm absorbers.

Online Reduction of Artifacts in EEG of Simultaneous EEG-fMRI Using Reference Layer Adaptive Filtering (RLAF).

PubMed

Steyrl, David; Krausz, Gunther; Koschutnig, Karl; Edlinger, Günter; Müller-Putz, Gernot R

2018-01-01

Simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allow us to study the active human brain from two perspectives concurrently. Signal processing based artifact reduction techniques are mandatory for this, however, to obtain reasonable EEG quality in simultaneous EEG-fMRI. Current artifact reduction techniques like average artifact subtraction (AAS), typically become less effective when artifact reduction has to be performed on-the-fly. We thus present and evaluate a new technique to improve EEG quality online. This technique adds up with online AAS and combines a prototype EEG-cap for reference recordings of artifacts, with online adaptive filtering and is named reference layer adaptive filtering (RLAF). We found online AAS + RLAF to be highly effective in improving EEG quality. Online AAS + RLAF outperformed online AAS and did so in particular online in terms of the chosen performance metrics, these being specifically alpha rhythm amplitude ratio between closed and opened eyes (3-45% improvement), signal-to-noise-ratio of visual evoked potentials (VEP) (25-63% improvement), and VEPs variability (16-44% improvement). Further, we found that EEG quality after online AAS + RLAF is occasionally even comparable with the offline variant of AAS at a 3T MRI scanner. In conclusion RLAF is a very effective add-on tool to enable high quality EEG in simultaneous EEG-fMRI experiments, even when online artifact reduction is necessary.

Solvent evaporation induced graphene powder with high volumetric capacitance and outstanding rate capability for supercapacitors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xiaozhe; Raj, Devaraj Vasanth; Zhou, Xufeng; Liu, Zhaoping

2018-04-01

Graphene-based electrode materials for supercapacitors usually suffer from poor volumetric performance due to the low density. The enhancement of volumetric capacitance by densification of graphene materials, however, is usually accompanied by deterioration of rate capability, as the huge contraction of pore size hinders rapid diffusion of electrolytes. Thus, it is important to develop suitable pore size in graphene materials, which can sustain fast ion diffusion and avoid excessive voids to acquire high density simultaneously for supercapacitor applications. Accordingly, we propose a simple solvent evaporation method to control the pore size of graphene powders by adjusting the surface tension of solvents. Ethanol is used instead of water to reduce the shrinkage degree of graphene powder during solvent evaporation process, due to its lower surface tension comparing with water. Followed by the assistance of mechanical compression, graphene powder having high compaction density of 1.30 g cm-3 and a large proportion of mesopores in the pore size range of 2-30 nm is obtained, which delivers high volumetric capacitance of 162 F cm-3 and exhibits outstanding rate performance of 76% capacity retention at a high current density of 100 A g-1 simultaneously.

A Novel Method of High Accuracy, Wavefront Phase and Amplitude Correction for Coronagraphy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bowers, Charles W.; Woodgate, Bruce E.; Lyon, Richard G.

2003-01-01

Detection of extra-solar, and especially terrestrial-like planets, using coronagraphy requires an extremely high level of wavefront correction. For example, the study of Woodruff et al. (2002) has shown that phase uniformity of order 10(exp -4)lambda(rms) must be achieved over the critical range of spatial frequencies to produce the approx. 10(exp 10) contrast needed for the Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) mission. Correction of wavefront phase errors to this level may be accomplished by using a very high precision deformable mirror (DM). However, not only phase but also amplitude uniformity of the same scale (approx. 10(exp -4)) and over the same spatial frequency range must be simultaneously obtained to remove all residual speckle in the image plane. We present a design for producing simultaneous wavefront phase and amplitude uniformity to high levels from an input wavefront of lower quality. The design uses a dual Michelson interferometer arrangement incorporating two DM and a single, fixed mirror (all at pupils) and two beamsplitters: one with unequal (asymmetric) beam splitting and one with symmetric beam splitting. This design allows high precision correction of both phase and amplitude using DM with relatively coarse steps and permits a simple correction algorithm.

Wind circulation regimes at Venus' cloud tops: Ground-based Doppler velocimetry using CFHT/ESPaDOnS and comparison with simultaneous cloud tracking measurements using VEx/VIRTIS in February 2011

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Machado, Pedro; Widemann, Thomas; Luz, David; Peralta, Javier

2014-11-01

We present new results based on ground-based Doppler spectroscopic measurements, obtained with the ESPaDOnS spectrograph at Canada-France-Hawaii telescope (CFHT) and simultaneous observations of velocity fields, obtained from space by the VIRTIS-M instrument on board the Venus Express spacecraft. These measurements are based on high-resolution spectra of Fraunhofer lines in the visible to NIR range (0.37-1.05 μm) acquired on February 19-21, 2011 at a resolution of about 80,000, measuring Venus' winds at 70 km, using incoming solar radiation scattered by cloud top particles in the observer's direction (Widemann, T., et al., [2007]. Planet. Space Sci. 55, 1741-1756; Widemann, T., et al., [2008]. Planet. Space Sci. 56, 1320-1334). The zonal wind field has been characterized by latitudinal bands, at a phase angle Φ = (68.7 ± 0.3) ° , between +10°N and 60°S, by steps of 10°, and from [ ϕ -ϕE ] = - 50 ° to sub-Earth longitude ϕE = 0 ° , by steps of 12°. From space, VIRTIS-M UV (0.38 μm) imaging exposures on the dayside were acquired simultaneously in orbit 1786, providing the first simultaneous cloud-tracking measurements with Doppler velocimetry. From the ground, we measured a zonal mean background velocity of v‾z = (117.3 ± 18.0) ms-1 on February 19, and v‾z = (117.5 ± 14.5) ms-1 on February 21. We detect an unambiguous poleward meridional flow on the morning dayside hemisphere of (18.8 ± 12.3) m s-1 on February 19/21. Latitudinal variations of the zonal and meridional winds are further compared with the simultaneous VIRTIS data. We discuss temporal variability as well as its statistical significance.

Propagation characteristics of two-color laser pulses in homogeneous plasma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hemlata,; Saroch, Akanksha; Jha, Pallavi

2015-11-15

An analytical and numerical study of the evolution of two-color, sinusoidal laser pulses in cold, underdense, and homogeneous plasma has been presented. The wave equations for the radiation fields driven by linear as well as nonlinear contributions due to the two-color laser pulses have been set up. A variational technique is used to obtain the simultaneous equations describing the evolution of the laser spot size, pulse length, and chirp parameter. Numerical methods are used to graphically analyze the simultaneous evolution of these parameters due to the combined effect of the two-color laser pulses. Further, the pulse parameters are compared withmore » those obtained for a single laser pulse. Significant focusing, compression, and enhanced positive chirp is obtained due to the combined effect of simultaneously propagating two-color pulses as compared to a single pulse propagating in plasma.« less

Simultaneous pH-sensitive and oxygen-sensitive MRI of human gliomas at 3 T using multi-echo amine proton chemical exchange saturation transfer spin-and-gradient echo echo-planar imaging (CEST-SAGE-EPI).

PubMed

Harris, Robert J; Yao, Jingwen; Chakhoyan, Ararat; Raymond, Catalina; Leu, Kevin; Liau, Linda M; Nghiemphu, Phioanh L; Lai, Albert; Salamon, Noriko; Pope, Whitney B; Cloughesy, Timothy F; Ellingson, Benjamin M

2018-04-06

To introduce a new pH-sensitive and oxygen-sensitive MRI technique using amine proton CEST echo spin-and-gradient echo (SAGE) EPI (CEST-SAGE-EPI). pH-weighting was obtained using CEST estimations of magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTR asym ) at 3 ppm, and oxygen-weighting was obtained using R2' measurements. Glutamine concentration, pH, and relaxation rates were varied in phantoms to validate simulations and estimate relaxation rates. The values of MTR asym and R2' in normal-appearing white matter, T 2 hyperintensity, contrast enhancement, and macroscopic necrosis were measured in 47 gliomas. Simulation and phantom results confirmed an increase in MTR asym with decreasing pH. The CEST-SAGE-EPI estimates of R 2 , R2*, and R2' varied linearly with gadolinium diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid concentration (R 2  = 6.2 mM -1 ·sec -1 and R2* = 6.9 mM -1 ·sec -1 ). The CEST-SAGE-EPI and Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill estimates of R 2 (R 2  = 0.9943) and multi-echo gradient-echo estimates of R2* (R 2  = 0.9727) were highly correlated. T 2 lesions had lower R2' and higher MTR asym compared with normal-appearing white matter, suggesting lower hypoxia and high acidity, whereas contrast-enhancement tumor regions had elevated R2' and MTR asym , indicating high hypoxia and acidity. The CEST-SAGE-EPI technique provides simultaneous pH-sensitive and oxygen-sensitive image contrasts for evaluation of the brain tumor microenvironment. Advantages include fast whole-brain acquisition, in-line B 0 correction, and simultaneous estimation of CEST effects, R 2 , R2*, and R2' at 3 T. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

Development of duplex real-time PCR for the detection of WSSV and PstDV1 in cultivated shrimp.

PubMed

Leal, Carlos A G; Carvalho, Alex F; Leite, Rômulo C; Figueiredo, Henrique C P

2014-07-05

The White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and Penaeus stylirostris penstyldensovirus 1 (previously named Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus-IHHNV) are two of the most important viral pathogens of penaeid shrimp. Different methods have been applied for diagnosis of these viruses, including Real-time PCR (qPCR) assays. A duplex qPCR method allows the simultaneous detection of two viruses in the same sample, which is more cost-effective than assaying for each virus separately. Currently, an assay for the simultaneous detection of the WSSV and the PstDV1 in shrimp is unavailable. The aim of this study was to develop and standardize a duplex qPCR assay for the simultaneous detection of the WSSV and the PstDV1 in clinical samples of diseased L. vannamei. In addition, to evaluate the performance of two qPCR master mixes with regard to the clinical sensitivity of the qPCR assay, as well as, different methods for qPCR results evaluation. The duplex qPCR assay for detecting WSSV and PstDV1 in clinical samples was successfully standardized. No difference in the amplification of the standard curves was observed between the duplex and singleplex assays. Specificities and sensitivities similar to those of the singleplex assays were obtained using the optimized duplex qPCR. The analytical sensitivities of duplex qPCR were two copies of WSSV control plasmid and 20 copies of PstDV1 control plasmid. The standardized duplex qPCR confirmed the presence of viral DNA in 28 from 43 samples tested. There was no difference for WSSV detection using the two kits and the distinct methods for qPCR results evaluation. High clinical sensitivity for PstDV1 was obtained with TaqMan Universal Master Mix associated with relative threshold evaluation. Three cases of simultaneous infection by the WSSV and the PstDV1 were identified with duplex qPCR. The standardized duplex qPCR was shown to be a robust, highly sensitive, and feasible diagnostic tool for the simultaneous detection of the WSSV and the PstDV1 in whiteleg shrimp. The use of the TaqMan Universal Master Mix and the relative threshold method of data analysis in our duplex qPCR method provided optimal levels of sensitivity and specificity.

Highly concentrated, stable nitrogen-doped graphene for supercapacitors: Simultaneous doping and reduction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Baojiang; Tian, Chungui; Wang, Lei; Sun, Li; Chen, Chen; Nong, Xiaozhen; Qiao, Yingjie; Fu, Honggang

2012-02-01

In this work, we developed a concentrated ammonia-assisted hydrothermal method to obtain N-doped graphene sheets by simultaneous N-doping and reduction of graphene oxide (GO) sheets. The effects of hydrothermal temperature on the surface chemistry and the structure of N-doped graphene sheets were also investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study of N-doped graphene reveals that the highest doping level of 7.2% N is achieved at 180 °C for 12 h. N binding configurations of sample consist of pyridine N, quaternary N, and pyridine-N oxides. N doping is accompanied by the reduction of GO with decreases in oxygen levels from 34.8% in GO down to 8.5% in that of N-doped graphene. Meanwhile, the sample exhibits excellent N-doped thermal stability. Electrical measurements demonstrate that products have higher capacitive performance than that of pure graphene, the maximum specific capacitance of 144.6 F/g can be obtained which ascribe the pseudocapacitive effect from the N-doping. The samples also show excellent long-term cycle stability of capacitive performance.

Direct and simultaneous estimation of cardiac four chamber volumes by multioutput sparse regression.

PubMed

Zhen, Xiantong; Zhang, Heye; Islam, Ali; Bhaduri, Mousumi; Chan, Ian; Li, Shuo

2017-02-01

Cardiac four-chamber volume estimation serves as a fundamental and crucial role in clinical quantitative analysis of whole heart functions. It is a challenging task due to the huge complexity of the four chambers including great appearance variations, huge shape deformation and interference between chambers. Direct estimation has recently emerged as an effective and convenient tool for cardiac ventricular volume estimation. However, existing direct estimation methods were specifically developed for one single ventricle, i.e., left ventricle (LV), or bi-ventricles; they can not be directly used for four chamber volume estimation due to the great combinatorial variability and highly complex anatomical interdependency of the four chambers. In this paper, we propose a new, general framework for direct and simultaneous four chamber volume estimation. We have addressed two key issues, i.e., cardiac image representation and simultaneous four chamber volume estimation, which enables accurate and efficient four-chamber volume estimation. We generate compact and discriminative image representations by supervised descriptor learning (SDL) which can remove irrelevant information and extract discriminative features. We propose direct and simultaneous four-chamber volume estimation by the multioutput sparse latent regression (MSLR), which enables jointly modeling nonlinear input-output relationships and capturing four-chamber interdependence. The proposed method is highly generalized, independent of imaging modalities, which provides a general regression framework that can be extensively used for clinical data prediction to achieve automated diagnosis. Experiments on both MR and CT images show that our method achieves high performance with a correlation coefficient of up to 0.921 with ground truth obtained manually by human experts, which is clinically significant and enables more accurate, convenient and comprehensive assessment of cardiac functions. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Simultaneous monitoring of maternal and fetal heart rate variability during labor in relation with fetal gender.

PubMed

Gonçalves, Hernâni; Fernandes, Diana; Pinto, Paula; Ayres-de-Campos, Diogo; Bernardes, João

2017-11-01

Male gender is considered a risk factor for several adverse perinatal outcomes. Fetal gender effect on fetal heart rate (FHR) has been subject of several studies with contradictory results. The importance of maternal heart rate (MHR) monitoring during labor has also been investigated, but less is known about the effect of fetal gender on MHR. The aim of this study is to simultaneously assess maternal and FHR variability during labor in relation with fetal gender. Simultaneous MHR and FHR recordings were obtained from 44 singleton term pregnancies during the last 2 hr of labor (H 1, H 2 ). Heart rate tracings were analyzed using linear (time- and frequency-domain) and nonlinear indices. Both linear and nonlinear components were considered in assessing FHR and MHR interaction, including cross-sample entropy (cross-SampEn). Mothers carrying male fetuses (n = 22) had significantly higher values for linear indices related with MHR average and variability and sympatho-vagal balance, while the opposite occurred in the high-frequency component and most nonlinear indices. Significant differences in FHR were only observed in H 1 with higher entropy values in female fetuses. Assessing the differences between FHR and MHR, statistically significant differences were obtained in most nonlinear indices between genders. A significantly higher cross-SampEn was observed in mothers carrying female fetuses (n = 22), denoting lower synchrony or similarity between MHR and FHR. The variability of MHR and the synchrony/similarity between MHR and FHR vary with respect to fetal gender during labor. These findings suggest that fetal gender needs to be taken into account when simultaneously monitoring MHR and FHR. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Improving diffuse optical tomography with structural a priori from fluorescence diffuse optical tomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Wenjuan; Gao, Feng; Duan, Linjing; Zhu, Qingzhen; Wang, Xin; Zhang, Wei; Wu, Linhui; Yi, Xi; Zhao, Huijuan

2012-03-01

We obtain absorption and scattering reconstructed images by incorporating a priori information of target location obtained from fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (FDOT) into the diffuse optical tomography (DOT). The main disadvantage of DOT lies in the low spatial resolution resulting from highly scattering nature of tissue in the near-infrared (NIR), but one can use it to monitor hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation simultaneously, as well as several other cheomphores such as water, lipids, and cytochrome-c-oxidase. Up to date, extensive effort has been made to integrate DOT with other imaging modalities such as MRI, CT, to obtain accurate optical property maps of the tissue. However, the experimental apparatus is intricate. In this study, DOT image reconstruction algorithm that incorporates a prior structural information provided by FDOT is investigated in an attempt to optimize recovery of a simulated optical property distribution. By use of a specifically designed multi-channel time-correlated single photon counting system, the proposed scheme in a transmission mode is experimentally validated to achieve simultaneous reconstruction of the fluorescent yield, lifetime, absorption and scattering coefficient. The experimental results demonstrate that the quantitative recovery of the tumor optical properties has doubled and the spatial resolution improves as well by applying the new improved method.

Parallel Analysis of 124 Universal SNPs for Human Identification by Targeted Semiconductor Sequencing

PubMed Central

Zhang, Suhua; Bian, Yingnan; Zhang, Zheren; Zheng, Hancheng; Wang, Zheng; Zha, Lagabaiyila; Cai, Jifeng; Gao, Yuzhen; Ji, Chaoneng; Hou, Yiping; Li, Chengtao

2015-01-01

SNPs, abundant in human genome with lower mutation rate, are attractive to genetic application like forensic, anthropological and evolutionary studies. Universal SNPs showing little allelic frequency variation among populations while remaining highly informative for human identification were obtained from previous studies. However, genotyping tools target only dozens of markers simultaneously, limiting their applications. Here, 124 SNPs were simultaneous tested using Ampliseq technology with Ion Torrent PGM platform. Concordance study was performed with 2 reference samples of 9947A and 9948 between NGS and Sanger sequencing. Full concordance were obtained except genotype of rs576261 with 9947A. Parameter of FMAR (%) was introduced for NGS data analysis for the first time, evaluating allelic performance, sensitivity testing and mixture testing. FMAR values for accurate heterozygotes should be range from 50% to 60%, for homozygotes or Y-SNP should be above 90%. SNPs of rs7520386, rs4530059, rs214955, rs1523537, rs2342747, rs576261 and rs12997453 were recognized as poorly performing loci, either with allelic imbalance or with lower coverage. Sensitivity testing demonstrated that with DNA range from 10 ng-0.5 ng, all correct genotypes were obtained. For mixture testing, a clear linear correlation (R2 = 0.9429) between the excepted FMAR and observed FMAR values of mixtures was observed. PMID:26691610

Neutral Atomic Emissions from Comet Hale-Bopp

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oliversen, R. J.; Scherb, F.; Roesler, F. L.; Mierkiewicz, E. J.; Woodward, R. C.; Hilton, G. M.; Doane, N. E.

1997-07-01

High resolution (R=100,000) spectra of atomic oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon from Comet Hale-Bopp were obtained at the NSO McMath-Pierce main telescope from February 8 to April 19, 1997, using a 50 mm dual-etalon Fabry-Perot/CCD spectrometer. The field of view was 6 arcmin. Spectra with good signal-to-noise were obtained for the emission lines [O I] 6300 Angstroms, Hα (6563 Angstroms), and [C I] 9850 Angstroms. On several of these nights, complementary [O I] 6300 Angstroms observations were simultaneously obtained with the Wisconsin Hα Mapper (WHα M) at Kitt Peak. Additional [O I] 6300 Angstroms observations were also obtained in September 1996. These [C I] 9850 Angstroms observations are the first extensive data set of this cometary line. We will present an overview of our observations and preliminary results.

High average power, widely tunable femtosecond laser source from red to mid-infrared based on an Yb-fiber-laser-pumped optical parametric oscillator.

PubMed

Gu, Chenglin; Hu, Minglie; Zhang, Limeng; Fan, Jintao; Song, Youjian; Wang, Chingyue; Reid, Derryck T

2013-06-01

We report on the highly efficient generation of widely tunable femtosecond pulses based on intracavity second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum frequency generation (SFG) in a MgO-doped periodically poled LiNbO(3) optical parametric oscillator (OPO), which is pumped by a Yb-doped large-mode-area photonics crystal fiber femtosecond laser. Red and near infrared from intracavity SHG and SFG and infrared signals were directly obtained from the OPO. A 2 mm β-BaB(2)O(4) is applied for Type I (oo → e) intracavity SHG and SFG, and then femtosecond laser pulses over 610 nm ~ 668 nm from SFG and 716 nm ~ 970 nm from SHG are obtained with high efficiency. In addition, the oscillator simultaneously generates signal and idler femtosecond pulses over 1450 nm ~ 2200 nm and 2250 nm ~ 4000 nm, respectively.

Advanced scatter search approach and its application in a sequencing problem of mixed-model assembly lines in a case company

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Qiong; Wang, Wen-xi; Zhu, Ke-ren; Zhang, Chao-yong; Rao, Yun-qing

2014-11-01

Mixed-model assembly line sequencing is significant in reducing the production time and overall cost of production. To improve production efficiency, a mathematical model aiming simultaneously to minimize overtime, idle time and total set-up costs is developed. To obtain high-quality and stable solutions, an advanced scatter search approach is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, a new diversification generation method based on a genetic algorithm is presented to generate a set of potentially diverse and high-quality initial solutions. Many methods, including reference set update, subset generation, solution combination and improvement methods, are designed to maintain the diversification of populations and to obtain high-quality ideal solutions. The proposed model and algorithm are applied and validated in a case company. The results indicate that the proposed advanced scatter search approach is significant for mixed-model assembly line sequencing in this company.

Simultaneous determination of quinolones for veterinary use by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.

PubMed

Rodríguez Cáceres, M I; Guiberteau Cabanillas, A; Galeano Díaz, T; Martínez Cañas, M A

2010-02-01

A selective method based on high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) has been developed to enable simultaneous determination of three fluoroquinolones (FQs), namely danofloxacin (DANO), difloxacin (DIFLO) and sarafloxacin (SARA). The fluoroquinolones are separated on a Novapack C-18 column and detected in a high sensitivity amperometric cell at a potential of +0.8 V. Solid-phase extraction was used for the extraction of the analytes in real samples. The range of concentration examined varied from 10 to 150 ng g(-1) for danofloxacin, from 25 to 100 ng g(-1) for sarafloxacin and from 50 to 315 ng g(-1) for difloxacin, respectively. The method presents detection limits under 10 ng g(-1) and recoveries around 90% for the three analytes have been obtained in the experiments with fortified samples. This HPLC-ECD approach can be useful in the routine analysis of antibacterial residues being less expensive and less complicated than other more powerful tools as hyphenated techniques. 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Simultaneous Determination of Food-Related Biogenic Amines and Precursor Amino Acids Using in Situ Derivatization Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

PubMed

He, Yongrui; Zhao, Xian-En; Wang, Renjun; Wei, Na; Sun, Jing; Dang, Jun; Chen, Guang; Liu, Zhiqiang; Zhu, Shuyun; You, Jinmao

2016-11-02

A simple, rapid, sensitive, selective, and environmentally friendly method, based on in situ derivatization ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (in situ DUADLLME) coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode has been developed for the simultaneous determination of food-related biogenic amines and amino acids. A new mass-spectrometry-sensitive derivatization reagent 4'-carbonyl chloride rosamine (CCR) was designed, synthesized, and first reported. Parameters and conditions of in situ DUADLLME and UHPLC-MS/MS were optimized in detail. Under the optimized conditions, the in situ DUADLLME was completed speedily (within 1 min) with high derivatization efficiencies (≥98.5%). With the cleanup and concentration of microextraction step, good analytical performance was obtained for the analytes. The results showed that this method was accurate and practical for quantification of biogenic amines and amino acids in common food samples (red wine, beer, wine, cheese, sausage, and fish).

Simultaneous Determination of Ten Constituents in Chaiqin Qingning Capsule by High-performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Triple-quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

PubMed Central

Li, Ting Yu; Huo, Xiao Kui; Zheng, Lu; Wang, Chao; Cong, Hai Jian; Xiang, Ting; Zhang, Lin; Zhang, Bao Jing; Huang, Shan Shan; Wu, Bin; Li, Xin Yu

2017-01-01

Background: Chaiqin Qingning Capsule (CQQNC) was a prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine with the effects of clearing away heat and removing toxin, harmonizing the exterior and interior, it was widely used in Asian, for example, China and Japan, different batches of the raws materials and different processing time may be the vital factor which raised a challenge to control the quality of the CQQNC. Experimental Methods: In this experiment, a high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/MS (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to simultaneously determine ten bioactive components for the quality control of CQQNC. Chromatographic separation was achieved using an XBridge BEH C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.5 μm) with a mobile phase composed of 10 mm aqueous ammonium acetate and acetonitrile using a gradient elution in 20 min. This study was conducted by multiple reaction monitoring mode through electrospray ionization resource with a negative ionization mode. Results: The established method was validated with good performance of precision, accuracy, stability, and reproducibility and was utilized to simultaneously quantify ten constituents of CQQNC obtained from seven different batches. Conclusion: It is the first time to report the rapid and simultaneous analysis of the ten compounds in CQQNC by HPLC-MS/MS and apply to determine 10 constituents in 7 batches of CQQNC bought from drug store in china. This method could be considered as good quality criteria to control the quality of CQQNC. SUMMARY In this paper, a simple, specific, and rapid high-performance liquid chromatogram coupled with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of ten constituents in Chaiqin Qingning Capsule has been developed for the first time. This method could be considered as good quality criteria to control the quality of CQQNC. Abbreviations used: CHM: Chinese herbal medicine; TCM: Traditional Chinese Medicine; CQQNC: Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry Chaiqin Qingning Capsules; HPLC–MS/MS: High liquid chromatography equipped with tandem mass spectrometry; ESI: Electrospray ionization; DP: Declustering potential; CE: Collision energy; RSD: Relative standard deviation; LOD: Limit of detection; LOQ: Limit of quantity. PMID:29200714

The simultaneous low state spectral energy distribution of 1ES 2344+514 from radio to very high energies

DOE PAGES

Aleksić, J.; Antonelli, L. A.; Antoranz, P.; ...

2013-07-31

Here, BL Lacertae objects are variable at all energy bands on time scales down to minutes. To construct and interpret their spectral energy distribution (SED), simultaneous broad-band observations are mandatory. Up to now, the number of objects studied during such campaigns is very limited and biased towards high flux states. Furthermore, we present the results of a dedicated multi-wavelength study of the high-frequency peaked BL Lacertae (HBL) object and known TeV emitter 1ES 2344+514 by means of a pre-organised campaign. The observations were conducted during simultaneous visibility windows of MAGIC and AGILE in late 2008. The measurements were complemented bymore » Metsähovi, RATAN-600, KVA+Tuorla, Swift and VLBA pointings. Additional coverage was provided by the ongoing long-term F-GAMMA and MOJAVE programs, the OVRO 40-m and CrAO telescopes as well as the Fermi satellite. The obtained SEDs are modelled using a one-zone as well as a self-consistent two-zone synchrotron self-Compton model. As a result, 1ES 2344+514 was found at very low flux states in both X-rays and very high energy gamma rays. Variability was detected in the low frequency radio and X-ray bands only, where for the latter a small flare was observed. The X-ray flare was possibly caused by shock acceleration characterised by similar cooling and acceleration time scales. MOJAVE VLBA monitoring reveals a static jet whose components are stable over time scales of eleven years, contrary to previous findings. There appears to be no significant correlation between the 15 GHz and R-band monitoring light curves. The observations presented here constitute the first multi-wavelength campaign on 1ES 2344+514 from radio to VHE energies and one of the few simultaneous SEDs during low activity states. The quasi-simultaneous Fermi-LAT data poses some challenges for SED modelling, but in general the SEDs are described well by both applied models. The resulting parameters are typical for TeV emitting HBLs. Consequently it remains unclear whether a so-called quiescent state was found in this campaign.« less

Simultaneous Determination of Ten Constituents in Chaiqin Qingning Capsule by High-performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Triple-quadrupole Mass Spectrometry.

PubMed

Li, Ting Yu; Huo, Xiao Kui; Zheng, Lu; Wang, Chao; Cong, Hai Jian; Xiang, Ting; Zhang, Lin; Zhang, Bao Jing; Huang, Shan Shan; Wu, Bin; Li, Xin Yu

2017-01-01

Chaiqin Qingning Capsule (CQQNC) was a prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine with the effects of clearing away heat and removing toxin, harmonizing the exterior and interior, it was widely used in Asian, for example, China and Japan, different batches of the raws materials and different processing time may be the vital factor which raised a challenge to control the quality of the CQQNC. In this experiment, a high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/MS (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to simultaneously determine ten bioactive components for the quality control of CQQNC. Chromatographic separation was achieved using an XBridge BEH C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.5 μm) with a mobile phase composed of 10 mm aqueous ammonium acetate and acetonitrile using a gradient elution in 20 min. This study was conducted by multiple reaction monitoring mode through electrospray ionization resource with a negative ionization mode. The established method was validated with good performance of precision, accuracy, stability, and reproducibility and was utilized to simultaneously quantify ten constituents of CQQNC obtained from seven different batches. It is the first time to report the rapid and simultaneous analysis of the ten compounds in CQQNC by HPLC-MS/MS and apply to determine 10 constituents in 7 batches of CQQNC bought from drug store in china. This method could be considered as good quality criteria to control the quality of CQQNC. In this paper, a simple, specific, and rapid high-performance liquid chromatogram coupled with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of ten constituents in Chaiqin Qingning Capsule has been developed for the first time. This method could be considered as good quality criteria to control the quality of CQQNC. Abbreviations used: CHM: Chinese herbal medicine; TCM: Traditional Chinese Medicine; CQQNC: Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry Chaiqin Qingning Capsules; HPLC-MS/MS: High liquid chromatography equipped with tandem mass spectrometry; ESI: Electrospray ionization; DP: Declustering potential; CE: Collision energy; RSD: Relative standard deviation; LOD: Limit of detection; LOQ: Limit of quantity.

Preliminary studies of a simultaneous PET/MRI scanner based on the RatCAP small animal tomograph

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Woody, C.; Schlyer, D.; Vaska, P.; Tomasi, D.; Solis-Najera, S.; Rooney, W.; Pratte, J.-F.; Junnarkar, S.; Stoll, S.; Master, Z.; Purschke, M.; Park, S.-J.; Southekal, S.; Kriplani, A.; Krishnamoorthy, S.; Maramraju, S.; O'Connor, P.; Radeka, V.

2007-02-01

We are developing a scanner that will allow simultaneous acquisition of high resolution anatomical data using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and quantitative physiological data using positron emission tomography (PET). The approach is based on the technology used for the RatCAP conscious small animal PET tomograph which utilizes block detectors consisting of pixelated arrays of LSO crystals read out with matching arrays of avalanche photodiodes and a custom-designed ASIC. The version of this detector used for simultaneous PET/MRI imaging will be constructed out of all nonmagnetic materials and will be situated inside the MRI field. We have demonstrated that the PET detector and its electronics can be operated inside the MRI, and have obtained MRI images with various detector components located inside the MRI field. The MRI images show minimal distortion in this configuration even where some components still contain traces of certain magnetic materials. We plan to improve on the image quality in the future using completely non-magnetic components and by tuning the MRI pulse sequences. The combined result will be a highly compact, low mass PET scanner that can operate inside an MRI magnet without distorting the MRI image, and can be retrofitted into existing MRI instruments.

Simultaneous or separated; comparison approach for saccharification and fermentation process in producing bio-ethanol from EFB

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bardant, Teuku Beuna; Dahnum, Deliana; Amaliyah, Nur

2017-11-01

Simultaneous Saccharification Fermentation (SSF) of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) empty fruit bunch (EFB) pulp were investigated as a part of ethanol production process. SSF was investigated by observing the effect of substrate loading variation in range 10-20%w, cellulase loading 5-30 FPU/gr substrate and yeast addition 1-2%v to the ethanol yield. Mathematical model for describing the effects of these three variables to the ethanol yield were developed using Response Surface Methodology-Cheminformatics (RSM-CI). The model gave acceptable accuracy in predicting ethanol yield for Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) with coefficient of determination (R2) 0.8899. Model validation based on data from previous study gave (R2) 0.7942 which was acceptable for using this model for trend prediction analysis. Trend prediction analysis based on model prediction yield showed that SSF gave trend for higher yield when the process was operated in high enzyme concentration and low substrate concentration. On the other hand, even SHF model showed better yield will be obtained if operated in lower substrate concentration, it still possible to operate in higher substrate concentration with slightly lower yield. Opportunity provided by SHF to operate in high loading substrate make it preferable option for application in commercial scale.

How Much Higher Can HTCondor Fly?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fajardo, E. M.; Dost, J. M.; Holzman, B.

The HTCondor high throughput computing system is heavily used in the high energy physics (HEP) community as the batch system for several Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) resources. Moreover, it is the backbone of GlidelnWMS, the pilot system used by the computing organization of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. To prepare for LHC Run 2, we probed the scalability limits of new versions and configurations of HTCondor with a goal of reaching 200,000 simultaneous running jobs in a single internationally distributed dynamic pool.In this paper, we first describe how we created an opportunistic distributed testbed capable of exercising runsmore » with 200,000 simultaneous jobs without impacting production. This testbed methodology is appropriate not only for scale testing HTCondor, but potentially for many other services. In addition to the test conditions and the testbed topology, we include the suggested configuration options used to obtain the scaling results, and describe some of the changes to HTCondor inspired by our testing that enabled sustained operations at scales well beyond previous limits.« less

Shielded piezoresistive cantilever probes for nanoscale topography and electrical imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Yongliang; Ma, Eric Yue; Cui, Yong-Tao; Haemmerli, Alexandre; Lai, Keji; Kundhikanjana, Worasom; Harjee, Nahid; Pruitt, Beth L.; Kelly, Michael; Shen, Zhi-Xun

2014-04-01

This paper presents the design and fabrication of piezoresistive cantilever probes for microwave impedance microscopy (MIM) to enable simultaneous topographic and electrical imaging. Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited Si3N4 cantilevers with a shielded center conductor line and nanoscale conductive tip apex are batch fabricated on silicon-on-insulator wafers. Doped silicon piezoresistors are integrated at the root of the cantilevers to sense their deformation. The piezoresistive sensitivity is 2 nm for a bandwidth of 10 kHz, enabling topographical imaging with reasonable speed. The aluminum center conductor has a low resistance (less than 5 Ω) and small capacitance (˜1.7 pF) to ground; these parameters are critical for high sensitivity MIM imaging. High quality piezoresistive topography and MIM images are simultaneously obtained with the fabricated probes at ambient and cryogenic temperatures. These new piezoresistive probes remarkably broaden the horizon of MIM for scientific applications by operating with an integrated feedback mechanism at low temperature and for photosensitive samples.

M2+ Doping Induced Simultaneous Phase/Size Control and Remarkable Enhanced Upconversion Luminescence of NaLnF4 Probes for Optical-Guided Tiny Tumor Diagnosis.

PubMed

Li, Youbin; Li, Xiaolong; Xue, Zhenluan; Jiang, Mingyang; Zeng, Songjun; Hao, Jianhua

2017-05-01

Doping has played a vital role in constructing desirable hybrid materials with tunable functions and properties via incorporating atoms into host matrix. Herein, a simple strategy for simultaneously modifying the phase, size, and upconversion luminescence (UCL) properties of the NaLnF 4 (Ln = Y, Yb) nanocrystals by high-temperature coprecipitation through nonequivalent M 2+ doping (M = Mg 2+ , Co 2+ ) has been demonstrated. The phase transformation from cubic to hexagonal is readily achieved by doping M 2+ . Compared with Mg-free sample, a remarkable enhancement of overall UCL (≈27.5 times) is obtained by doping Mg 2+ . Interestingly, owing to the efficient UCL, red UCL-guided tiny tumor (down to 3 mm) diagnosis is demonstrated for the first time. The results open up a new way of designing high efficient UCL probe with combination of hexagonal phase and small size for tiny tumor detection. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Analyses of cosmic ray induced-neutron based on spectrometers operated simultaneously at mid-latitude and Antarctica high-altitude stations during quiet solar activity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hubert, G.

2016-10-01

In this paper are described a new neutron spectrometer which operate in the Concordia station (Antarctica, Dome C) since December 2015. This instrument complements a network including neutron spectrometers operating in the Pic-du-Midi and the Pico dos Dias. Thus, this work present an analysis of cosmic ray induced-neutron based on spectrometers operated simultaneously in the Pic-du-Midi and the Concordia stations during a quiet solar activity. The both high station platforms allow for investigating the long period dynamics to analyze the spectral variation and effects of local and seasonal changes, but also the short term dynamics during solar flare events. A first part is devoted to analyze the count rates, the spectrum and the neutron fluxes, implying cross-comparisons between data obtained in the both stations. In a second part, measurements analyses were reinforced by modeling based on simulations of atmospheric cascades according to primary spectra which only depend on the solar modulation potential.

Simultaneous UV and optical study of O star winds and UV and optical covariability of O star winds

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nichols, Joy S.

1995-01-01

Simultaneous ultraviolet and optical observations of 10 bright O stars were organized in several observing campaigns lasting 3-6 days each. The observing campaigns included 12 observatories in the Northern hemisphere obtaining high resolution spectroscopy, photometry, and polarimetry, as well as 24-hour coverage with the IUE (International Ultraviolet Explorer) observatory. Over 600 high dispersion SWP spectra were acquired with IUE at both NASA and VILSPA for the completion of this work. The massive amount of data from these observing campaigns, both from IUE and the ground-based instruments, has been reduced and analyzed. The accompanying paper describes the data acquisition, analysis, and conclusions of the study performed. The most important results of this study are the strong confirmation of the ubiquitous variability of winds of O stars, and the critical correlation between rotation of the star and the wind variability as seen in the ultraviolet and optical spectral lines.

Two field trials for deblending of simultaneous source surveys: Why we failed and why we succeeded?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zu, Shaohuan; Zhou, Hui; Chen, Haolin; Zheng, Hao; Chen, Yangkang

2017-08-01

Currently, deblending is the main strategy for dealing with the intense interference problem of simultaneous source data. Most deblending methods are based on the property that useful signal is coherent while the interference is incoherent in some domains other than common shot domain. In this paper, two simultaneous source field trials were studied in detail. In the first trial, the simultaneous source survey was not optimal, as the dithering code had strong coherency and the minimum distance between the two vessels was also small. The chosen marine shot scheduling and vessel deployment made it difficult to deblend the simultaneous source data, and result was an unexpected failure. Next, we tested different parameters (the dithering code and the minimum distance between vessels) of the simultaneous source survey using the simulated blended data and got some useful insights. Then, we carried out the second field trial with a carefully designed survey that was much different from the first trial. The deblended results in common receiver gather, common shot gather or the final stacked profile were encouraging. We obtained a complete success in the second field trial, which gave us confidence in the further test (such as a full three dimensional acquisition test or a high-resolution acquisition test with denser spatial sampling). Remembering that failures with simultaneous sourcing seldom reported, in this paper, our contribution is the discussion in detail about both our failed and successful field experiments and the lessons we have learned from them with the hope that the experience gained from this study can be very useful to other researchers in the same field.

Nano-oxide-layer specular spin valve heads with synthetic pinned layer: Head performance and reliability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hasegawa, N.; Koike, F.; Ikarashi, K.; Ishizone, M.; Kawamura, M.; Nakazawa, Y.; Takahashi, A.; Tomita, H.; Iwasaki, H.; Sahashi, M.

2002-05-01

To implement the specular nano-oxide-layer (NOL) spin valve (SV) heads for use in practical applications, it is key to simultaneously achieve a good specular effect of the NOL inserted in the synthetic ferrimagnet pinned layer (i.e., high magnetoresistance MR performance) and a strong pinning field through the NOL. By using CoFe+X as a substance to be subjected to oxidation, we obtained the NOL specular SV films simultaneously achieving a high MR ratio of 17%-18% and a high pinning field of 1100-1500 Oe. Narrow track (0.12 μm) heads were fabricated and they showed a high sensitivity of 10 mV/μm. Several reliability tests were done both at the sheet film level and the actual head level. The oxygen inside NOL was found to be stable up to 350 °C, and pinned layer magnetization canting after orthogonal field annealing was found to be almost the same as today's non-NOL SV films. An electrostatic discharge test and accelerated lifetime test were also performed and NOL specular heads were demonstrated to have almost the same robustness as today's non-NOL heads.

Sandwich-like nano-system for simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and Cd(II) from water and soil.

PubMed

Wang, Dongfang; Zhang, Guilong; Dai, Zhangyu; Zhou, Linglin; Bian, Po; Zheng, Kang; Wu, Zhengyan; Cai, Dongqing

2018-05-07

In this work, a novel nano-system with sandwich-like structure was synthesized via face-to-face combination of two pieces of waste cotton fabrics (CFs) carrying ferrous sulfide (FeS) and carboxyl-functionalized ferroferric oxide (CFFM) respectively, and the obtained nano system was named as FeS/CFFM/CF. Therein, FeS has high reduction and adsorption capabilities for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), CFFM possesses a high adsorption ability on cadmium ion (Cd(II)) through electrostatics attraction and chelation, and CF displays high immobilization ability for FeS and CFFM and adsorption performance on Cd(II). FeS/CFFM/CF could simultaneously remove Cr(VI) and Cd(II) from water, inhibit the uptake of Cr and Cd by fish and water spinach, ensuring the food safety. Besides, this technology could efficiently control migration of Cr(VI) and Cd(II) in sand-soil mixture, which was favorable to prevent their wide diffusion. Importantly, FeS/CFFM/CF possessed a high flexibility and could be conveniently produced with needed scale and shape, and easily separated from water and soil, displaying a promising approach to remediate Cr(VI)/Cd(II)-contaminated water and soil and a huge application potential.

Molecularly imprinted polymers with synthetic dummy template for simultaneously selective removal and enrichment of ginkgolic acids from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves extracts.

PubMed

Ji, Wenhua; Ma, Xiuli; Xie, Hongkai; Chen, Lingxiao; Wang, Xiao; Zhao, Hengqiang; Huang, Luqi

2014-11-14

Dummy molecularly imprinted polymers (DMIPs) for simultaneously selective removal and enrichment of ginkgolic acids (GAs) during the processing of Ginkgo biloba leaves have been prepared. Two dummy template molecule with similar structural skeleton to GAs, 6-methoxysalicylic acid (MOSA, DT-1) and 6-hexadecyloxysalicylic acid (HOSA, DT-2), have been designed and synthesized. The performance of the DMIPs and NIPs were evaluated including selective recognition capacity, adsorption isotherm, and adsorption kinetics. The selective recognition capacity of the three GAs with four analogues on the sorbents illustrated that the DMIPs sorbents have high specificity for GAs. An efficient method based on DMIP-HOSA coupled with solid-phase extraction (SPE) was developed for simultaneously selective removal and enrichment of ginkgolic acids (GAs) during the processing of Ginkgo biloba leaves. The method showed excellent recoveries (82.5-88.7%) and precision (RSD 0.5-2.6%, n=5) for licorice extracts, Gastrodia elata extracts and pepper extracts spiked at three concentration levels each (50, 100, 200 μg mL(-1)). The results indicated that GAs and standardized Ginkgo biloba leaves extracts could be obtained simultaneously through the DMIP-SPE. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Simultaneous observations of Ellerman bombs by NST and IRIS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Y. H.; Yurchyshyn, V.; Cho, I. H.; Lee, J.; Park, Y. D.; Yang, H.; Ahn, K.; Goode, P.

2015-12-01

In this study, we present the simultaneous observations of Ellerman bombs made by New Solar Telescope (NST) of Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) and Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) in space. The data obtained during joint NST-IRIS observations on 30 and 31 in July 2014. We observed two representative events on both days. The first one was a relatively weak Ellerman bomb occurred around 19:20 UT on 30 July 2014. IRIS observed this event by sit-and-stare mode thus we analyzed high cadence spectral data and slit-jaw data simultaneously. We found that this event was a hot explosion that occurred by magnetic reconnection in the lower atmosphere of the Sun. The second event was quite strong Ellerman bomb (20:20 UT on 31 July 2014) that is well observed by NST FISS (Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph), while there was no IRIS spectral data. We had IRIS slit-jaw data only. The Ellerman bomb was clearly coincident with the IRIS brightening at the same location. Since the Ellerman bombs are usually believed to occur in the photosphere with no coronal emission, it should be explained its higher atmospheric emission in IRIS data. We will present the result of simultaneous observations by IRIS and NST instruments and discuss physical connection between Ellerman bombs and IRIS brightenings.

Non-Proportionality of Electron Response and Energy Resolution of Compton Electrons in Scintillators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Swiderski, L.; Marcinkowski, R.; Szawlowski, M.; Moszynski, M.; Czarnacki, W.; Syntfeld-Kazuch, A.; Szczesniak, T.; Pausch, G.; Plettner, C.; Roemer, K.

2012-02-01

Non-proportionality of light yield and energy resolution of Compton electrons in three scintillators (LaBr3:Ce, LYSO:Ce and CsI:Tl) were studied in a wide energy range from 10 keV up to 1 MeV. The experimental setup was comprised of a High Purity Germanium detector and tested scintillators coupled to a photomultiplier. Probing the non-proportionality and energy resolution curves at different energies was obtained by changing the position of various radioactive sources with respect to both detectors. The distance between both detectors and source was kept small to make use of Wide Angle Compton Coincidence (WACC) technique, which allowed us to scan large range of scattering angles simultaneously and obtain relatively high coincidence rate of 100 cps using weak sources of about 10 μCi activity. The results are compared with those obtained by direct irradiation of the tested scintillators with gamma-ray sources and fitting the full-energy peaks.

Simultaneous aptasensor for multiplex pathogenic bacteria detection based on multicolor upconversion nanoparticles labels.

PubMed

Wu, Shijia; Duan, Nuo; Shi, Zhao; Fang, Congcong; Wang, Zhouping

2014-03-18

A highly sensitive and specific multiplex method for the simultaneous detection of three pathogenic bacteria was fabricated using multicolor upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as luminescence labels coupled with aptamers as the molecular recognition elements. Multicolor UCNPs were synthesized via doping with various rare-earth ions to obtain well-separated emission peaks. The aptamer sequences were selected using the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) strategy for Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahemolyticus, and Salmonella typhimurium. When applied in this method, aptamers can be used for the specific recognition of the bacteria from complex mixtures, including those found in real food matrixes. Aptamers and multicolor UCNPs were employed to selectively capture and simultaneously quantify the three target bacteria on the basis of the independent peaks. Under optimal conditions, the correlation between the concentration of three bacteria and the luminescence signal was found to be linear from 50-10(6) cfu mL(-1). Improved by the magnetic separation and concentration effect of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, the limits of detection of the developed method were found to be 25, 10, and 15 cfu mL(-1) for S. aureus, V. parahemolyticus, and S. typhimurium, respectively. The capability of the bioassay in real food samples was also investigated, and the results were consistent with experimental results obtained from plate-counting methods. This proposed method for the detection of various pathogenic bacteria based on multicolor UCNPs has great potential in the application of food safety and multiplex nanosensors.

Interfacing of high temperature Z-meter setup using python

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Patel, Ashutosh; Sisodia, Shashank; Pandey, Sudhir K.

2017-05-01

In this work, we interface high temperature Z-meter setup to automize the whole measurement process. A program is built on open source programming language `Python' which convert the manual measurement process into fully automated process without any cost addition. Using this program, simultaneous measurement of Seebeck coefficient (α), thermal conductivity (κ) and electrical resistivity (ρ), are performed and using all three, figure-of-merit (ZT) is calculated. Developed program is verified by performing measurement over p-type Bi0.36Sb1.45Te3 sample and the data obtained are found to be in good agreement with the reported data.

Numerical method for high accuracy index of refraction estimation for spectro-angular surface plasmon resonance systems.

PubMed

Alleyne, Colin J; Kirk, Andrew G; Chien, Wei-Yin; Charette, Paul G

2008-11-24

An eigenvector analysis based algorithm is presented for estimating refractive index changes from 2-D reflectance/dispersion images obtained with spectro-angular surface plasmon resonance systems. High resolution over a large dynamic range can be achieved simultaneously. The method performs well in simulations with noisy data maintaining an error of less than 10(-8) refractive index units with up to six bits of noise on 16 bit quantized image data. Experimental measurements show that the method results in a much higher signal to noise ratio than the standard 1-D weighted centroid dip finding algorithm.

Singlino resonant dark matter and 125 GeV Higgs boson in high-scale supersymmetry.

PubMed

Ishikawa, Kazuya; Kitahara, Teppei; Takimoto, Masahiro

2014-09-26

We consider a singlino dark matter (DM) scenario in a singlet extension model of the minimal supersymmetric standard model, which is the so-called the nearly minimal supersymmetric standard model. We find that with high-scale supersymmetry breaking the singlino can obtain a sizable radiative correction to the mass, which opens a window for the DM scenario with resonant annihilation via the exchange of the Higgs boson. We show that the current DM relic abundance and the Higgs boson mass can be explained simultaneously. This scenario can be fully probed by XENON1T.

One-pot exfoliation, functionalization, and size manipulation of graphene sheets: efficient system for biomedical applications.

PubMed

Bani, Farhad; Bodaghi, Ali; Dadkhah, Abbas; Movahedi, Soodabeh; Bodaghabadi, Narges; Sadeghizadeh, Majid; Adeli, Mohsen

2018-05-01

In this work, we reported a facile method to produce stable aqueous graphene dispersion through direct exfoliation of graphite by modified hyperbranched polyglycerol. Size of graphene sheets was manipulated by simultaneous exfoliation and sonication of graphite, and functionalized graphene sheets with narrow size distribution were obtained. The polyglycerol-functionalized graphene sheets exhibited highly efficient cellular uptake and photothermal conversion, enabling it to serve as a photothermal agent for cancer therapy.

Simultaneous application of two independent EIT devices for real-time multi-plane imaging.

PubMed

Schullcke, B; Krueger-Ziolek, S; Gong, B; Mueller-Lisse, U; Moeller, K

2016-09-01

Diagnosis and treatment of many lung diseases like cystic fibrosis (CF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) could benefit from 3D ventilation information. Applying two EIT systems concurrently is a simple approach without specialized hardware that allows monitoring of regional changes of ventilation distribution inside the thorax at different planes with the high temporal resolution much valued in common single plane EIT. Effects of two simultaneously operated EIT devices on one subject were investigated to monitor rapid processes inside the thorax with a multi-plane approach. Results obtained by simulations with a virtual phantom and measurements with a phantom tank reveal that the distance of electrode planes has an important influence on the signal quality. Band-pass filters adapted according to the distance of the planes, can be used to reduce the crosstalk of the concurrent EIT systems. Besides simulations and phantom tank experiments measurements were also taken from a lung healthy volunteer to demonstrate the operation under realistic conditions. Reconstructed images indicate that it is possible to simultaneously visualize regional ventilation at different planes if settings of the EIT devices are chosen appropriately.

A stimuli-responsive fluorescence platform for simultaneous determination of D-isoascorbic acid and Tartaric acid based on Maillard reaction product

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Yanmei; Yuan, Haiyan; Zhang, Xinling; Yang, Jidong

2018-05-01

An activatable fluorescence monitoring platform based on a novel Maillard reaction product from D-glucose and L-arginine was prepared through a facile one-pot approach and applied for simultaneous detection of D-isoascorbic acid and tartaric acid. In this work, the new Maillard reaction product GLA was first obtained, and its fluorescence intensity can be effectively quenched by KMnO4, resulting from a new complex (GLA-KMnO4) formation between GLA and KMnO4. Upon addition of D-isoascorbic acid or tartaric acid, an enhanced fluorescence was observed under the optimumed experimental conditions, indicating a stimuli-responsive fluorescence turn on platform for D-isoascorbic acid or tartaric acid can be developed. The corresponding experimental results showed that this turn on fluorescence sensing platform has a high sensitivity for D-isoascorbic acid or tartaric acid, because the detection limits were 5.9 μM and 21.5 μM, respectively. Additionally, this proposed sensing platform was applied to simultaneously detection of D-isoascorbic acid and tartaric acid in real tap water samples with satisfactory results.

Sequential and simultaneous strategies for biorefining of wheat straw using room temperature ionic liquids, xylanases and cellulases.

PubMed

Husson, Eric; Auxenfans, Thomas; Herbaut, Mickael; Baralle, Manon; Lambertyn, Virginie; Rakotoarivonina, Harivoni; Rémond, Caroline; Sarazin, Catherine

2018-03-01

Sequential and simultaneous strategies for fractioning wheat straw were developed in combining 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate [C2mim][OAc], endo-xylanases from Thermobacillus xylanilyticus and commercial cellulases. After [C2mim][OAc]-pretreatment, hydrolysis catalyzed by endo-xylanases of wheat straw led to efficient xylose production with very competitive yield (97.6 ± 1.3%). Subsequent enzymatic saccharification allowed achieving a total degradation of cellulosic fraction (>99%). These high performances revealed an interesting complementarity of [C2mim][OAc]- and xylanase-pretreatments for increasing enzymatic digestibility of cellulosic fraction in agreement with the structural and morphological changes of wheat straw induced by each of these pretreatment steps. In addition a higher tolerance of endo-xylanases from T. xylaniliticus to [C2mim][AcO] until 30% v/v than cellulases from T. reesei was observed. Based on this property, a simultaneous strategy combining [C2mim][OAc]- and endo-xylanases as pretreatment in a one-batch produced xylose with similar yield than those obtained by the sequential strategy. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Quality evaluation of Shenmaidihuang Pills based on the chromatographic fingerprints and simultaneous determination of seven bioactive constituents.

PubMed

Liu, Sifei; Zhang, Guangrui; Qiu, Ying; Wang, Xiaobo; Guo, Lihan; Zhao, Yanxin; Tong, Meng; Wei, Lan; Sun, Lixin

2016-12-01

In this study, we aimed to establish a comprehensive and practical quality evaluation system for Shenmaidihuang pills. A simple and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection method was developed both for fingerprint analysis and quantitative determination. In fingerprint analysis, relative retention time and relative peak area were used to identify the common peaks in 18 samples for investigation. Twenty one peaks were selected as the common peaks to evaluate the similarities of 18 Shenmaidihuang pills samples with different manufacture dates. Furthermore, similarity analysis was applied to evaluate the similarity of samples. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis were also performed to evaluate the variation of Shenmaidihuang pills. In quantitative analysis, linear regressions, injection precisions, recovery, repeatability and sample stability were all tested and good results were obtained to simultaneously determine the seven identified compounds, namely, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, morroniside, loganin, paeonol, paeoniflorin, psoralen, isopsoralen in Shenmaidihuang pills. The contents of some analytes in different batches of samples indicated significant difference, especially for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. So, it was concluded that the chromatographic fingerprint method obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection associated with multiple compounds determination is a powerful and meaningful tool to comprehensively conduct the quality control of Shenmaidihuang pills. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Simultaneous Recovery of Extracellular and Intracellular DNA Suitable for Molecular Studies from Marine Sediments

PubMed Central

Corinaldesi, Cinzia; Danovaro, Roberto; Dell'Anno, Antonio

2005-01-01

The occurrence of high extracellular DNA concentrations in aquatic sediments (concentrations that are 3 to 4 orders of magnitude greater than those in the water column) might play an important role in biogeochemical cycling, as well as in horizontal gene transfer through natural transformation. Since isolation of extracellular DNA from sediments is a difficult and unsolved task, in this study we developed an efficient procedure to recover simultaneously DNA associated with microbial cells and extracellular DNA from the same sediment sample. This procedure is specifically suitable for studying extracellular DNA because it avoids any contamination with DNA released by cell lysis during handling and extraction. Applying this procedure to different sediment types, we obtained extracellular DNA concentrations that were about 10 to 70 times higher than the intracellular DNA concentrations. Using specific targeted prokaryotic primers, we obtained evidence that extracellular DNA recovered from different sediments did not contain amplifiable 16S rRNA genes. By contrast, using DNA extracted from microbial cells as the template, we always amplified 16S rRNA genes. Although 16S rRNA genes were not detected in extracellular DNA, analyses of the sizes of extracellular DNA indicated the presence of high-molecular-weight fragments that might have contained other gene sequences. This protocol allows investigation of extracellular DNA and its possible participation in natural transformation processes. PMID:15640168

Microwave-assisted extraction with water for fast extraction and simultaneous RP-HPLC determination of phenolic acids in radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae.

PubMed

Fang, Xinsheng; Wang, Jianhua; Zhou, Hongying; Jiang, Xingkai; Zhu, Lixiang; Gao, Xin

2009-07-01

An optimized microwave-assisted extraction method using water (MAE-W) as the extractant and an efficient HPLC analysis method were first developed for the fast extraction and simultaneous determination of D(+)-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) lactic acid (Dla), salvianolic acid B (SaB), and lithospermic acid (La) in radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae. The key parameters of MAE-W were optimized. It was found that the degradation of SaB was inhibited when using the optimized MAE-W and the stable content of Dla, La, and SaB in danshen was obtained. Furthermore, compared to the conventional extraction methods, the proposed MAE-W is a more rapid method with higher yield and lower solvent consumption with a reproducibility (RSD <6%). In addition, using water as extractant is safe and helpful for environment protection, which could be referred to as green extraction. The separation and quantitative determination of the three compounds was carried out by a developed reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method with UV detection. Highly efficient separation was obtained using gradient solvent system. The optimized HPLC analysis method was validated to have specificity, linearity, precision, and accuracy. The results indicated that MAE-W followed by HPLC-UV determination is an appropriate alternative to previously proposed method for quality control of radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae.

Determination of selected neurotoxic insecticides in small amounts of animal tissue utilizing a newly constructed mini-extractor.

PubMed

Seifertová, Marta; Čechová, Eliška; Llansola, Marta; Felipo, Vicente; Vykoukalová, Martina; Kočan, Anton

2017-10-01

We developed a simple analytical method for the simultaneous determination of representatives of various groups of neurotoxic insecticides (carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and α-endosulfan and β-endosulfan and their metabolite endosulfan sulfate) in limited amounts of animal tissues containing different amounts of lipids. Selected tissues (rodent fat, liver, and brain) were extracted in a special in-house-designed mini-extractor constructed on the basis of the Soxhlet and Twisselmann extractors. A dried tissue sample placed in a small cartridge was extracted, while the nascent extract was simultaneously filtered through a layer of sodium sulfate. The extraction was followed by combined clean-up, including gel permeation chromatography (in case of high lipid content), ultrasonication, and solid-phase extraction chromatography using C 18 on silica and aluminum oxide. Gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry was used for analyte separation, detection, and quantification. Average recoveries for individual insecticides ranged from 82 to 111%. Expanded measurement uncertainties were generally lower than 35%. The developed method was successfully applied to rat tissue samples obtained from an animal model dealing with insecticide exposure during brain development. This method may also be applied to the analytical treatment of small amounts of various types of animal and human tissue samples. A significant advantage achieved using this method is high sample throughput due to the simultaneous treatment of many samples. Graphical abstract Optimized workflow for the determination of selected insecticides in small amounts of animal tissue including newly developed mini-extractor.

Rapid alkali catalyzed transesterification of microalgae lipids to biodiesel using simultaneous cooling and microwave heating and its optimization.

PubMed

Chee Loong, Teo; Idris, Ani

2014-12-01

Biodiesel with improved yield was produced from microalgae biomass under simultaneous cooling and microwave heating (SCMH). Nannochloropsis sp. and Tetraselmis sp. which were known to contain higher lipid species were used. The yield obtained using this novel technique was compared with the conventional heating (CH) and microwave heating (MWH) as the control method. The results revealed that the yields obtained using the novel SCMH were higher; Nannochloropsis sp. (83.33%) and Tetraselmis sp. (77.14%) than the control methods. Maximum yields were obtained using SCMH when the microwave was set at 50°C, 800W, 16h of reaction with simultaneous cooling at 15°C; and water content and lipid to methanol ratio in reaction mixture was kept to 0 and 1:12 respectively. GC analysis depicted that the biodiesel produced from this technique has lower carbon components (<19 C) and has both reasonable CN and IV reflecting good ignition and lubricating properties. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

MR-assisted PET Motion Correction for eurological Studies in an Integrated MR-PET Scanner

PubMed Central

Catana, Ciprian; Benner, Thomas; van der Kouwe, Andre; Byars, Larry; Hamm, Michael; Chonde, Daniel B.; Michel, Christian J.; El Fakhri, Georges; Schmand, Matthias; Sorensen, A. Gregory

2011-01-01

Head motion is difficult to avoid in long PET studies, degrading the image quality and offsetting the benefit of using a high-resolution scanner. As a potential solution in an integrated MR-PET scanner, the simultaneously acquired MR data can be used for motion tracking. In this work, a novel data processing and rigid-body motion correction (MC) algorithm for the MR-compatible BrainPET prototype scanner is described and proof-of-principle phantom and human studies are presented. Methods To account for motion, the PET prompts and randoms coincidences as well as the sensitivity data are processed in the line or response (LOR) space according to the MR-derived motion estimates. After sinogram space rebinning, the corrected data are summed and the motion corrected PET volume is reconstructed from these sinograms and the attenuation and scatter sinograms in the reference position. The accuracy of the MC algorithm was first tested using a Hoffman phantom. Next, human volunteer studies were performed and motion estimates were obtained using two high temporal resolution MR-based motion tracking techniques. Results After accounting for the physical mismatch between the two scanners, perfectly co-registered MR and PET volumes are reproducibly obtained. The MR output gates inserted in to the PET list-mode allow the temporal correlation of the two data sets within 0.2 s. The Hoffman phantom volume reconstructed processing the PET data in the LOR space was similar to the one obtained processing the data using the standard methods and applying the MC in the image space, demonstrating the quantitative accuracy of the novel MC algorithm. In human volunteer studies, motion estimates were obtained from echo planar imaging and cloverleaf navigator sequences every 3 seconds and 20 ms, respectively. Substantially improved PET images with excellent delineation of specific brain structures were obtained after applying the MC using these MR-based estimates. Conclusion A novel MR-based MC algorithm was developed for the integrated MR-PET scanner. High temporal resolution MR-derived motion estimates (obtained while simultaneously acquiring anatomical or functional MR data) can be used for PET MC. An MR-based MC has the potential to improve PET as a quantitative method, increasing its reliability and reproducibility which could benefit a large number of neurological applications. PMID:21189415

MRI-assisted PET motion correction for neurologic studies in an integrated MR-PET scanner.

PubMed

Catana, Ciprian; Benner, Thomas; van der Kouwe, Andre; Byars, Larry; Hamm, Michael; Chonde, Daniel B; Michel, Christian J; El Fakhri, Georges; Schmand, Matthias; Sorensen, A Gregory

2011-01-01

Head motion is difficult to avoid in long PET studies, degrading the image quality and offsetting the benefit of using a high-resolution scanner. As a potential solution in an integrated MR-PET scanner, the simultaneously acquired MRI data can be used for motion tracking. In this work, a novel algorithm for data processing and rigid-body motion correction (MC) for the MRI-compatible BrainPET prototype scanner is described, and proof-of-principle phantom and human studies are presented. To account for motion, the PET prompt and random coincidences and sensitivity data for postnormalization were processed in the line-of-response (LOR) space according to the MRI-derived motion estimates. The processing time on the standard BrainPET workstation is approximately 16 s for each motion estimate. After rebinning in the sinogram space, the motion corrected data were summed, and the PET volume was reconstructed using the attenuation and scatter sinograms in the reference position. The accuracy of the MC algorithm was first tested using a Hoffman phantom. Next, human volunteer studies were performed, and motion estimates were obtained using 2 high-temporal-resolution MRI-based motion-tracking techniques. After accounting for the misalignment between the 2 scanners, perfectly coregistered MRI and PET volumes were reproducibly obtained. The MRI output gates inserted into the PET list-mode allow the temporal correlation of the 2 datasets within 0.2 ms. The Hoffman phantom volume reconstructed by processing the PET data in the LOR space was similar to the one obtained by processing the data using the standard methods and applying the MC in the image space, demonstrating the quantitative accuracy of the procedure. In human volunteer studies, motion estimates were obtained from echo planar imaging and cloverleaf navigator sequences every 3 s and 20 ms, respectively. Motion-deblurred PET images, with excellent delineation of specific brain structures, were obtained using these 2 MRI-based estimates. An MRI-based MC algorithm was implemented for an integrated MR-PET scanner. High-temporal-resolution MRI-derived motion estimates (obtained while simultaneously acquiring anatomic or functional MRI data) can be used for PET MC. An MRI-based MC method has the potential to improve PET image quality, increasing its reliability, reproducibility, and quantitative accuracy, and to benefit many neurologic applications.

Simultaneous Voltammetric Detection of Carbaryl and Paraquat Pesticides on Graphene-Modified Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode

PubMed Central

Pop, Aniela; Manea, Florica; Flueras, Adriana; Schoonman, Joop

2017-01-01

Monitoring of pesticide residues in food, beverages, and the environment requires fast, versatile, and sensitive analyzing methods. Direct electrochemical detection of pesticides could represent an efficient solution. Adequate electrode material, electrochemical technique, and optimal operation parameters define the detection method for practical application. In this study, cyclic voltammetric and differential pulse voltammetric techniques were used in order to individually and simultaneously detect two pesticides, i.e., carbaryl (CR) and paraquat (PQ), from an acetate buffer solution and also from natural apple juice. A graphene-modified boron-doped diamond electrode, denoted BDDGR, was obtained and successfully applied in the simultaneous detection of CR and PQ pesticides, using the differential pulse voltammetric technique with remarkable electroanalytical parameters in terms of sensitivity: 33.27 μA μM−1 cm−2 for CR and 31.83 μA μM−1 cm−2 for PQ. These outstanding results obtained in the acetate buffer supporting electrolyte allowed us to simultaneously detect the targeted pesticides in natural apple juice. PMID:28878151

Mass and Charge Measurements on Heavy Ions

PubMed Central

Sugai, Toshiki

2017-01-01

The relationship between mass and charge has been a crucial topic in mass spectrometry (MS) because the mass itself is typically evaluated based on the m/z ratio. Despite the fact that this measurement is indirect, a precise mass can be obtained from the m/z value with a high m/z resolution up to 105 for samples in the low mass and low charge region under 10,000 Da and 20 e, respectively. However, the target of MS has recently been expanded to the very heavy region of Mega or Giga Da, which includes large particles and biocomplexes, with very large and widely distributed charge from kilo to Mega range. In this region, it is necessary to evaluate charge and mass simultaneously. Recent studies for simultaneous mass and charge observation and related phenomena are discussed in this review. PMID:29302406

Unified heuristics to solve routing problem of reverse logistics in sustainable supply chain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anbuudayasankar, S. P.; Ganesh, K.; Lenny Koh, S. C.; Mohandas, K.

2010-03-01

A reverse logistics problem, motivated by many real-life applications, is examined where bottles/cans in which products are delivered from a processing depot to customers in one period are available for return to the depot in the following period. The picked-up bottles/cans need to be adjusted in the place of delivery load. This problem is termed as simultaneous delivery and pick-up problem with constrained capacity (SDPC). We develop three unified heuristics based on extended branch and bound heuristic, genetic algorithm and simulated annealing to solve SDPC. These heuristics are also designed to solve standard travelling salesman problem (TSP) and TSP with simultaneous delivery and pick-up (TSDP). We tested the heuristics on standard, derived and randomly generated datasets of TSP, TSDP and SDPC and obtained satisfying results with high convergence in reasonable time.

Simultaneously measured signals in scanning probe microscopy with a needle sensor: frequency shift and tunneling current.

PubMed

Morawski, Ireneusz; Voigtländer, Bert

2010-03-01

We present combined noncontact scanning force microscopy and tunneling current images of a platinum(111) surface obtained by means of a 1 MHz quartz needle sensor. The low-frequency circuit of the tunneling current was combined with a high-frequency signal of the quartz resonator enabling full electrical operation of the sensor. The frequency shift and the tunneling current were detected simultaneously, while the feedback control loop of the topography signal was fed using one of them. In both cases, the free signal that was not connected to the feedback loop reveals proportional-integral controller errorlike behavior, which is governed by the time derivative of the topography signal. A procedure is proposed for determining the mechanical oscillation amplitude by utilizing the tunneling current also including the average tip-sample work function.

Coupled optical resonance laser locking.

PubMed

Burd, S C; du Toit, P J W; Uys, H

2014-10-20

We have demonstrated simultaneous laser frequency stabilization of a UV and IR laser, to coupled transitions of ions in the same spectroscopic sample, by detecting only the absorption of the UV laser. Separate signals for locking the different lasers are obtained by modulating each laser at a different frequency and using lock-in detection of a single photodiode signal. Experimentally, we simultaneously lock a 369 nm and a 935 nm laser to the (2)S(1/2) → (2)(P(1/2) and (2)D(3/2) → (3)D([3/2]1/2) transitions, respectively, of Yb(+) ions generated in a hollow cathode discharge lamp. Stabilized lasers at these frequencies are required for cooling and trapping Yb(+) ions, used in quantum information and in high precision metrology experiments. This technique should be readily applicable to other ion and neutral atom systems requiring multiple stabilized lasers.

Measurement setup for the simultaneous determination of diffusivity and Seebeck coefficient in a multi-anvil apparatus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jacobsen, M. K.; Liu, W.; Li, B.

2012-09-01

In this paper, a high pressure setup is presented for performing simultaneous measurements of Seebeck coefficient and thermal diffusivity in multianvil apparatus for the purpose of enhancing the study of transport phenomena. Procedures for the derivation of Seebeck coefficient and thermal diffusivity/conductivity, as well as their associated sources of errors, are presented in detail, using results obtained on the filled skutterudite, Ce0.8Fe3CoSb12, up to 12 GPa at ambient temperature. Together with recent resistivity and sound velocity measurements in the same apparatus, these developments not only provide the necessary data for a self-consistent and complete characterization of the figure of merit of thermoelectric materials under pressure, but also serve as an important tool for furthering our knowledge of the dynamics and interplay between these transport phenomena.

Measurement setup for the simultaneous determination of diffusivity and Seebeck coefficient in a multi-anvil apparatus.

PubMed

Jacobsen, M K; Liu, W; Li, B

2012-09-01

In this paper, a high pressure setup is presented for performing simultaneous measurements of Seebeck coefficient and thermal diffusivity in multianvil apparatus for the purpose of enhancing the study of transport phenomena. Procedures for the derivation of Seebeck coefficient and thermal diffusivity/conductivity, as well as their associated sources of errors, are presented in detail, using results obtained on the filled skutterudite, Ce(0.8)Fe(3)CoSb(12,) up to 12 GPa at ambient temperature. Together with recent resistivity and sound velocity measurements in the same apparatus, these developments not only provide the necessary data for a self-consistent and complete characterization of the figure of merit of thermoelectric materials under pressure, but also serve as an important tool for furthering our knowledge of the dynamics and interplay between these transport phenomena.

Simultaneously phase-matched second- and third-harmonic generation from 1.55 microm radiation in annealed proton-exchanged periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides.

PubMed

Marangoni, M; Lobino, M; Ramponi, R

2006-09-15

Third-harmonic generation (THG) in the cw regime from C-band radiation was achieved in annealed proton-exchanged periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguides. By suitable design of fabrication parameters and operating conditions, quasi-phase-matching (QPM) is obtained simultaneously for the second-harmonic generation process (omega-->2omega, first-order QPM) and for the sum-frequency-generation process (omega+2omega-->3omega, third-order QPM), which provides the third harmonic of the pump field. The high overlap between the field profiles of the interacting modes--TM00 at omega and TM10 at 2omega and 3omega--results in what is believed to be the highest ever reported normalized conversion efficiency for THG from telecommunication wavelengths, equal to 0.72%W(-2) cm(-4).

Development of a simultaneous optical/PET imaging system for awake mice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takuwa, Hiroyuki; Ikoma, Yoko; Yoshida, Eiji; Tashima, Hideaki; Wakizaka, Hidekatsu; Shinaji, Tetsuya; Yamaya, Taiga

2016-09-01

Simultaneous measurements of multiple physiological parameters are essential for the study of brain disease mechanisms and the development of suitable therapies to treat them. In this study, we developed a measurement system for simultaneous optical imaging and PET for awake mice. The key elements of this system are the OpenPET, optical imaging and fixation apparatus for an awake mouse. The OpenPET is our original open-type PET geometry, which can be used in combination with another device because of the easily accessible open space of the former. A small prototype of the axial shift single-ring OpenPET was used. The objective lens for optical imaging with a mounted charge-coupled device camera was placed inside the open space of the AS-SROP. Our original fixation apparatus to hold an awake mouse was also applied. As a first application of this system, simultaneous measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) by laser speckle imaging (LSI) and [11C]raclopride-PET were performed under control and 5% CO2 inhalation (hypercapnia) conditions. Our system successfully obtained the CBF and [11C]raclopride radioactivity concentration simultaneously. Accumulation of [11C]raclopride was observed in the striatum where the density of dopamine D2 receptors is high. LSI measurements could be stably performed for more than 60 minutes. Increased CBF induced by hypercapnia was observed while CBF under the control condition was stable. We concluded that our imaging system should be useful for investigating the mechanisms of brain diseases in awake animal models.

Nonadditivity of forward and simultaneous maskinga

PubMed Central

Svec, Adam; Joshi, Suyash N.; Jesteadt, Walt

2013-01-01

The current study measured the additional masking obtained for combinations of forward and simultaneous maskers as a function of forward masker bandwidth, signal delay, and simultaneous masker level. The effects of the two individual maskers were equated in all conditions. Additional masking increased with increasing masker level, increasing signal delay, and decreasing masker bandwidth. The portion of the simultaneous masker that made the greater contribution to additional masking was the part that overlapped with the signal, not with the forward masker. The changes in additional masking observed as a function of forward masker bandwidth and the interaction between the effects of forward and simultaneous maskers call into question the use of additional masking as a measure of basilar membrane compression and present problems for the use of simultaneous noise to simulate hearing loss. PMID:24116423

Development of a microfluidic device for simultaneous mixing and pumping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Byoung Jae; Yoon, Sang Youl; Lee, Kyung Heon; Sung, Hyung Jin

2009-01-01

We conducted experimental and numerical studies aimed at developing a microfluidic device capable of simultaneous mixing while pumping. The proposed multifunctional device makes use of alternating current electroosmotic flow and adopts an array of planar asymmetric microelectrodes with a diagonal or herringbone shape. The pumping performance was assessed in terms of the fluid velocity at the center of the microchannel, obtained by micro PIV. To assess the mixing, flow visualizations were carried out over the electrodes to verify the lateral flows. The mixing degree was quantified in terms of a mixing efficiency obtained by three-dimensional numerical simulations. The results showed that simultaneous mixing and pumping was achieved in the channels with diagonal or herringbone electrode configurations. A herringbone electrode configuration showed better pumping compared with a reference, as well as enhanced mixing.

Simultaneous junction formation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Campbell, R. B.

1984-01-01

High-risk, high-payoff improvements to a baseline process sequence of simultaneous junction formation of silicon solar cells are discussed. The feasibility of simultaneously forming front and back junctions of solar cells using liquid dopants on dendritic web silicon was studied. Simultaneous diffusion was compared to sequential diffusion. A belt furnace for the diffusion process was tested.

Resonance lamp absorption technique for simultaneous determination of the OH concentration and temperature at 10 spatial positions in combustion environments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shirinzadeh, B.; Gregory, Ray W.

1994-01-01

A rugged, easy to implement, line-of-sight absorption instrument which utilizes a low pressure water vapor microwave discharge cell as the light source, has been developed to make simultaneous measurements of the OH concentration and temperature at 10 spatial positions. The design, theory, and capability of the instrument are discussed. Results of the measurements obtained on a methane/air flat flame burner are compared with those obtained using a single-frequency, tunable dye laser system.

Design and test of a hybrid foot force sensing and GPS system for richer user mobility activity recognition.

PubMed

Zhang, Zelun; Poslad, Stefan

2013-11-01

Wearable and accompanied sensors and devices are increasingly being used for user activity recognition. However, typical GPS-based and accelerometer-based (ACC) methods face three main challenges: a low recognition accuracy; a coarse recognition capability, i.e., they cannot recognise both human posture (during travelling) and transportation mode simultaneously, and a relatively high computational complexity. Here, a new GPS and Foot-Force (GPS + FF) sensor method is proposed to overcome these challenges that leverages a set of wearable FF sensors in combination with GPS, e.g., in a mobile phone. User mobility activities that can be recognised include both daily user postures and common transportation modes: sitting, standing, walking, cycling, bus passenger, car passenger (including private cars and taxis) and car driver. The novelty of this work is that our approach provides a more comprehensive recognition capability in terms of reliably recognising both human posture and transportation mode simultaneously during travel. In addition, by comparing the new GPS + FF method with both an ACC method (62% accuracy) and a GPS + ACC based method (70% accuracy) as baseline methods, it obtains a higher accuracy (95%) with less computational complexity, when tested on a dataset obtained from ten individuals.

Simultaneous effect of initial moisture content and airflow rate on biodrying of sewage sludge.

PubMed

Huiliñir, Cesar; Villegas, Manuel

2015-10-01

The simultaneous effect of initial moisture content (initial Mc) and air-flow rate (AFR) on biodrying performance was evaluated. For the study, a 3(2) factorial design, whose factors were AFR (1, 2 and 3 L/min kg(TS)) and initial Mc (59, 68 and 78% w.b.), was used. Using energy and water mass balance the main routes of water removal, energy use and efficiencies were determined. The results show that initial Mc has a stronger effect on the biodrying than the AFR, affecting the air outlet temperature and improving the water removal, with higher maximum temperatures obtained around 68% and the lowest maximum matrix temperature obtained at initial Mc = 78%.Through the water mass balance it was found that the main mechanism for water removal was the aeration, with higher water removal at intermediate initial Mc (68%) and high AFR (3 L/min kg(TS)). The energy balance indicated that bioreaction is the main energy source for water evaporation, with higher energy produced at intermediate initial Mc (68%). Finally, it was found that low values of initial Mc (59%) improve biodrying efficiency. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Multispectral study of CO production from C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harris, W. M.; Nordsieck, K. H.; Scherb, F.; Mierkiwicz, E. J.; Morgenthaler, J. P.; Oliversen, R. J.

1998-09-01

A series of unique observartions of CO and its daughter products that were obtained simultaneously as part of the University of Wisconsin/Goddard Space Flight Center Hale-Bopp campaign are presented. CO is the second most abundant volatile species in the coma of comets, one that actually dominates production at large heliocentric distances, however its photchemical evolution is poorly understood due to the lack of good emission line tracers in the visible. On 8 April, 1997, we obtained wide field simultaneous observations of CI (1657 Angstroms) intensity and polarization from a sounding rocket, OI (6300 Angstroms) emission using the Wisconsin Hα Mapper (WHaM) facility, and measurements using the McMath-Pierce Solar telescope of CI (9850 Angstroms) emission at different points in the inner coma. Combined, these data contain information on the radial distribution, source function, equilibrium structure, photochemical lifetime of CO, and the outflow speed of its C and O daughter products. Combined, these results suggest rapid dissociation of CO in the collisionally thick inner coma of Hale-Bopp, followed by a high velocity outflow of the daughter products. Both results suggest some discrepancies with expectations, and we discuss their implications.

Microwave-Assisted Simplified Simultaneous Distillation Coupled with Ionic Liquid Pretreatment for the Analysis of Essential Oil in Schisandra sphenanthera.

PubMed

Yu, Guo-Wei; Nie, Jing; Song, Zhi-Yu; Li, Zu-Guang; Lee, Maw-Rong; Wang, Shen-Peng

2017-11-01

Simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) is quite useful for the separation of volatile compounds from an analyte when their contents are quite low. In this study, a simplified SDE approach is applied for the extraction of essential oil from Schisandra sphenanthera, with microwave as heating source, [Bmim][Cl] as the medium for pretreatment, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as the analytical approach. Consequently, the improvement resulted from [Bmim][Cl] pretreatment is demonstrated by taking comparison with blank experiments. Totally 61 compounds have been detected in the essential oil obtained by using [Bmim][Cl] pretreatment, while without [Bmim][Cl] pretreatment, only 53 compounds can be detected. Moreover, [Bmim][Cl] pretreatment can also resulted in a higher yield of essential oil. The experimental results demonstrate that the simplified SDE coupled with ionic liquid pretreatment is a feasible approach for the extraction of essential oil from S. sphenanthera with high efficiency as 0.85% of essential oil yield has been obtained, and can be potentially extended to the extraction of essential oil or other target volatile compounds with low content. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Nonlocal nonlinear refraction in Hibiscus sabdariffa with large phase shifts.

PubMed

Ramírez-Martínez, D; Alvarado-Méndez, E; Trejo-Durán, M; Vázquez-Guevara, M A

2014-10-20

In this work we present a study of nonlinear optical properties in organic materials (hibiscus sabdariffa). Our results demonstrate that the medium exhibits a highly nonlocal nonlinear response. We show preliminary numerical results of the transmittance as nonlocal response by considering, simultaneously, the nonlinear absorption and refraction in media. Numerical results are accord to measurement obtained by Z- scan technique where we observe large phase shifts. We also analyze the far field diffraction ring patterns of the sample.

University of Wisconsin Cirrus Remote Sensing Pilot Experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ackerman, Steven A.; Eloranta, Ed W.; Grund, Chris J.; Knuteson, Robert O.; Revercomb, Henry E.; Smith, William L.; Wylie, Donald P.

1993-01-01

During the period of 26 October 1989 through 6 December 1989 a unique complement of measurements was made at the University of Wisconsin-Madison to study the radiative properties of cirrus clouds. Simultaneous observations were obtained from a scanning lidar, two interferometers, a high spectral resolution lidar, geostationary and polar orbiting satellites, radiosonde launches, and a whole-sky imager. This paper describes the experiment, the instruments deployed, and, as an example, the data collected during one day of the experiment.

Size Distribution and Velocity of Ethanol Drops in a Rocket Combustor Burning Ethanol and Liquid Oxygen

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ingebo, Robert D.

1961-01-01

Single jets of ethanol were studied photomicrographically inside a rocket chamber as they broke up into sprays of drops which underwent simultaneous acceleration and vaporization with chemical reaction occurring in the surrounding combustion gas stream. In each rocket test-firing, liquid oxygen was used as the oxidant. Both drop velocity and drop size distribution data were obtained from photomicrographs of the ethanol drops taken with an ultra-high speed tracking camera developed at NASA, Lewis Research Center.

Intermittency in electric brain activity in the perception of ambiguous images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kurovskaya, Maria K.; Runnova, Anastasiya E.; Zhuravlev, Maxim O.; Grubov, Vadim V.; Koronovskii, Alexey A.; Pavlov, Alexey N.; Pisarchik, Alexander N.

2017-04-01

Present paper is devoted to the study of intermittency during the perception of bistable Necker cube image being a good example of an ambiguous object, with simultaneous measurement of EEG. Distributions of time interval lengths corresponding to the left-oriented and right-oriented cube perception have been obtain. EEG data have been analyzed using continuous wavelet transform and it was shown that the destruction of alpha rhythm with accompanying generation of high frequency oscillations can serve as a marker of Necker cube recognition process.

Measurement of H/D ratio and ion temperature on a HT-6M Tokamak

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, Lehan; Lin, Xiaodong

1997-01-01

By combining optical fibers with piezoelectric scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer, the profiles of Hα and Dα have been determined simultaneously in a single Tokamak discharge. Consequently, the ratio of hydrogen to deuterium and ion temperature are obtained. Not only is the uncertainty of shot-to-shot avoided, the results of the experiment indicate that this instrumentation has the advantage of rapid wavelength scanning, large dispersion, high resolution, and good adaptability of working in adverse circumstances such as at a Tokamak site.

Dispersion of nanosized ceramic powders in aqueous suspensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chera, L.; Palcevskis, E.; Berzins, M.; Lipe, A.; Jansone, I.

2007-12-01

Seven commercially available dispersants have been applied to produce high concentrated aqueous suspensions of the nanosized alumina and partially stabilized zirconia powders processed by the plasma technique. Simultaneously, the electrokinetic behaviour of powders has been investigated in diluted suspensions by microelectrophoresis method. Zeta potential measurements are used to estimate the influence of selected dispersants on the electrokinetic properties of the powder surface. On the basis of obtained data the correlation between the surface electrokinetic properties in dilute suspensions and reached maximal suspension concentration is discussed.

Application of CARS to scramjet combustion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Antcliff, R. R.

1987-01-01

A coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopic (CARS) instrument has been developed for measuring simultaneously temperature and N2 - O2 species concentration in hostile flame environments. A folded BOXCARS arrangement was employed to obtain high spatial resolution. Polarization discrimination against the nonresonant background decreased the lower limits of O2 detectivity. The instrument has been primarily employed for validation of computational fluid-dynamics computer-model codes. Comparisons have been made to both the CHARNAL and TEACH codes on a hydrogen diffusion flame with good results.

HPLC-DAD-FLD Method for Simultaneous Determination of Mycotoxins in Wheat Bran.

PubMed

Irakli, Maria N; Skendi, Adriana; Papageorgiou, Maria D

2017-08-01

Aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A and zearalenone are the most important mycotoxins that everyone on its own, in groups or simultaneously contaminate cereals. The external layers of cereal grains (bran) apart from health promoting ingredients are also the most contaminated part with reference to mycotoxin's presence. Therefore, consumption of a high fiber wheat-based diet represent an increased risk to consumer's health. The objective of this study was to develop a simple and reliable high performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of these mycotoxins in wheat bran (WB). A double extraction was applied with phosphate buffered saline/methanol and for the clean-up a multi-immunoaffinity column was utilized. The detection was carried out with diode-array and fluorescence detectors linked with a post-column photochemical reactor. After optimization of the chromatographic conditions, all mycotoxins were eluted within ~26 min. Limits of detection for each mycotoxin (0.12-12.58 µg/kg) were below the maximum levels provisioned by European Union regulations. Good linearity was observed for the analytes (r2 ≥ 0.9980). The recovery of analyzed mycotoxins ranged from 70.2 to 105.8%, with a relative standard deviation <12%. The method was successfully applied to quantify mycotoxins in 34 WB samples obtained after pearling of grains that were collected from different regions of Greece. © Crown copyright 2017.

Multispectral information for gas and aerosol retrieval from TANSO-FTS instrument

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herbin, H.; Labonnote, L. C.; Dubuisson, P.

2012-11-01

The Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) mission and in particular TANSO-FTS instrument has the advantage to measure simultaneously the same field of view in different spectral ranges with a high spectral resolution. These features are promising to improve, not only, gaseous retrieval in clear sky or scattering atmosphere, but also to retrieve aerosol parameters. Therefore, this paper is dedicated to an Information Content (IC) analysis of potential synergy between thermal infrared, shortwave infrared and visible, in order to obtain a more accurate retrieval of gas and aerosol. The latter is based on Shannon theory and used a sophisticated radiative transfer algorithm developed at "Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique", dealing with multiple scattering. This forward model can be relied to an optimal estimation method, which allows simultaneously retrieving gases profiles and aerosol granulometry and concentration. The analysis of the information provided by the spectral synergy is based on climatology of dust, volcanic ash and biomass burning aerosols. This work was conducted in order to develop a powerful tool that allows retrieving simultaneously not only the gas concentrations but also the aerosol characteristics by selecting the so called "best channels", i.e. the channels that bring most of the information concerning gas and aerosol. The methodology developed in this paper could also be used to define the specifications of future high spectral resolution mission to reach a given accuracy on retrieved parameters.

Dynamic modeling and analyses of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process to produce bio-ethanol from rice straw.

PubMed

Ko, Jordon; Su, Wen-Jun; Chien, I-Lung; Chang, Der-Ming; Chou, Sheng-Hsin; Zhan, Rui-Yu

2010-02-01

The rice straw, an agricultural waste from Asians' main provision, was collected as feedstock to convert cellulose into ethanol through the enzymatic hydrolysis and followed by the fermentation process. When the two process steps are performed sequentially, it is referred to as separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). The steps can also be performed simultaneously, i.e., simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). In this research, the kinetic model parameters of the cellulose saccharification process step using the rice straw as feedstock is obtained from real experimental data of cellulase hydrolysis. Furthermore, this model can be combined with a fermentation model at high glucose and ethanol concentrations to form a SSF model. The fermentation model is based on cybernetic approach from a paper in the literature with an extension of including both the glucose and ethanol inhibition terms to approach more to the actual plants. Dynamic effects of the operating variables in the enzymatic hydrolysis and the fermentation models will be analyzed. The operation of the SSF process will be compared to the SHF process. It is shown that the SSF process is better in reducing the processing time when the product (ethanol) concentration is high. The means to improve the productivity of the overall SSF process, by properly using aeration during the batch operation will also be discussed.

Investigation of solar active regions at high resolution by balloon flights of the solar optical universal polarimeter, extended definition phase

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tarbell, Theodore D.

1993-01-01

Technical studies of the feasibility of balloon flights of the former Spacelab instrument, the Solar Optical Universal Polarimeter, with a modern charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, to study the structure and evolution of solar active regions at high resolution, are reviewed. In particular, different CCD cameras were used at ground-based solar observatories with the SOUP filter, to evaluate their performance and collect high resolution images. High resolution movies of the photosphere and chromosphere were successfully obtained using four different CCD cameras. Some of this data was collected in coordinated observations with the Yohkoh satellite during May-July, 1992, and they are being analyzed scientifically along with simultaneous X-ray observations.

Development of picosecond time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy by high-repetition-rate laser pump/X-ray probe at Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility.

PubMed

Wang, Hao; Yu, Can; Wei, Xu; Gao, Zhenhua; Xu, Guang Lei; Sun, Da Rui; Li, Zhenjie; Zhou, Yangfan; Li, Qiu Ju; Zhang, Bing Bing; Xu, Jin Qiang; Wang, Lin; Zhang, Yan; Tan, Ying Lei; Tao, Ye

2017-05-01

A new setup and commissioning of transient X-ray absorption spectroscopy are described, based on the high-repetition-rate laser pump/X-ray probe method, at the 1W2B wiggler beamline at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility. A high-repetition-rate and high-power laser is incorporated into the setup with in-house-built avalanche photodiodes as detectors. A simple acquisition scheme was applied to obtain laser-on and laser-off signals simultaneously. The capability of picosecond transient X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurement was demonstrated for a photo-induced spin-crossover iron complex in 6 mM solution with 155 kHz repetition rate.

A method for joint routing, wavelength dimensioning and fault tolerance for any set of simultaneous failures on dynamic WDM optical networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jara, Nicolás; Vallejos, Reinaldo; Rubino, Gerardo

2017-11-01

The design of optical networks decomposes into different tasks, where the engineers must basically organize the way the main system's resources are used, minimizing the design and operation costs and respecting critical performance constraints. More specifically, network operators face the challenge of solving routing and wavelength dimensioning problems while aiming to simultaneously minimize the network cost and to ensure that the network performance meets the level established in the Service Level Agreement (SLA). We call this the Routing and Wavelength Dimensioning (R&WD) problem. Another important problem to be solved is how to deal with failures of links when the network is operating. When at least one link fails, a high rate of data loss may occur. To avoid it, the network must be designed in such a manner that upon one or multiple failures, the affected connections can still communicate using alternative routes, a mechanism known as Fault Tolerance (FT). When the mechanism allows to deal with an arbitrary number of faults, we speak about Multiple Fault Tolerance (MFT). The different tasks before mentioned are usually solved separately, or in some cases by pairs, leading to solutions that are not necessarily close to optimal ones. This paper proposes a novel method to simultaneously solve all of them, that is, the Routing, the Wavelength Dimensioning, and the Multiple Fault Tolerance problems. The method allows to obtain: a) all the primary routes by which each connection normally transmits its information, b) the additional routes, called secondary routes, used to keep each user connected in cases where one or more simultaneous failures occur, and c) the number of wavelengths available at each link of the network, calculated such that the blocking probability of each connection is lower than a pre-determined threshold (which is a network design parameter), despite the occurrence of simultaneous link failures. The solution obtained by the new algorithm is significantly more efficient than current methods, its implementation is notably simple and its on-line operation is very fast. In the paper, different examples illustrate the results provided by the proposed technique.

Cracking-assisted fabrication of nanoscale patterns for micro/nanotechnological applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Minseok; Kim, Dong-Joo; Ha, Dogyeong; Kim, Taesung

2016-05-01

Cracks are frequently observed in daily life, but they are rarely welcome and are considered as a material failure mode. Interestingly, cracks cause critical problems in various micro/nanofabrication processes such as colloidal assembly, thin film deposition, and even standard photolithography because they are hard to avoid or control. However, increasing attention has been given recently to control and use cracks as a facile, low-cost strategy for producing highly ordered nanopatterns. Specifically, cracking is the breakage of molecular bonds and occurs simultaneously over a large area, enabling fabrication of nanoscale patterns at both high resolution and high throughput, which are difficult to obtain simultaneously using conventional nanofabrication techniques. In this review, we discuss various cracking-assisted nanofabrication techniques, referred to as crack lithography, and summarize the fabrication principles, procedures, and characteristics of the crack patterns such as their position, direction, and dimensions. First, we categorize crack lithography techniques into three technical development levels according to the directional freedom of the crack patterns: randomly oriented, unidirectional, or multidirectional. Then, we describe a wide range of novel practical devices fabricated by crack lithography, including bioassay platforms, nanofluidic devices, nanowire sensors, and even biomimetic mechanosensors.

Simultaneous determination of four plant hormones in bananas by molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography.

PubMed

Yan, Hongyuan; Wang, Fang; Han, Dandan; Yang, Gengliang

2012-06-21

A highly selective molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) combined with liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection was developed for the simultaneous isolation and determination of four plant hormones including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in banana samples. The new molecularly imprinted microspheres (MIMs) prepared by aqueous suspension polymerization using 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid and 1-methylpiperazine as mimic templates performed with high selectivity and affinity for the four plant hormones, and applied as selective sorbents of solid-phase extraction could effectively eliminate the interferences of the banana matrix. Good linearity was obtained in a range of 0.04-4.00 μg g(-1) and the recoveries of the four plant hormones at three spiked levels ranged from 78.5 to 107.7% with the relative standard deviations (RSD) of less than 4.6%. The developed MISPE-HPLC protocol obviously improved the selectivity and eliminated the effect of template leakage on quantitative analysis, and could be applied for the determination of plant hormones in complicated biological samples.

Simultaneous and rapid determination of deoxynivalenol and its acetylate derivatives in wheat flour and rice by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with photo diode array detection.

PubMed

Xu, Jiao-Jiao; Zhou, Jian; Huang, Bai-Fen; Cai, Zeng-Xuan; Xu, Xiao-Min; Ren, Yi-Ping

2016-06-01

A simple and reliable method of ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with photo-diode array detection has been proposed for the simultaneous determination of deoxynivalenol and its acetylated derivatives in wheat flour and rice, especially focusing on the optimization of sample extraction, cleanup, and chromatographic separation conditions. Sample pretreatment consisted of a first step using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe based extraction procedure and a subsequent cleanup step based on solid-phase extraction. The method was extensively validated in wheat flour and rice, obtaining satisfactory analytical performance with good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.999), acceptable recoveries (80.0-104.4%), and repeatability (RSDs 1.3-10.7%). The limits of detection (21.7-57.4 μg/kg) and quantitation (72.3-191.4 μg/kg) for deoxynivalenols were lower than those usually permitted by various countries' legislation in these food matrices. The method was applied to 34 wheat and rice samples. The results were further compared with results of ultra high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Acquisition of a full-resolution image and aliasing reduction for a spatially modulated imaging polarimeter with two snapshots

PubMed Central

Zhang, Jing; Yuan, Changan; Huang, Guohua; Zhao, Yinjun; Ren, Wenyi; Cao, Qizhi; Li, Jianying; Jin, Mingwu

2018-01-01

A snapshot imaging polarimeter using spatial modulation can encode four Stokes parameters allowing instantaneous polarization measurement from a single interferogram. However, the reconstructed polarization images could suffer a severe aliasing signal if the high-frequency component of the intensity image is prominent and occurs in the polarization channels, and the reconstructed intensity image also suffers reduction of spatial resolution due to low-pass filtering. In this work, a method using two anti-phase snapshots is proposed to address the two problems simultaneously. The full-resolution target image and the pure interference fringes can be obtained from the sum and the difference of the two anti-phase interferograms, respectively. The polarization information reconstructed from the pure interference fringes does not contain the aliasing signal from the high-frequency component of the object intensity image. The principles of the method are derived and its feasibility is tested by both computer simulation and a verification experiment. This work provides a novel method for spatially modulated imaging polarization technology with two snapshots to simultaneously reconstruct a full-resolution object intensity image and high-quality polarization components. PMID:29714224

Simultaneous brightness contrast of foraging Papilio butterflies

PubMed Central

Kinoshita, Michiyo; Takahashi, Yuki; Arikawa, Kentaro

2012-01-01

This study focuses on the sense of brightness in the foraging Japanese yellow swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus. We presented two red discs of different intensity on a grey background to butterflies, and trained them to select one of the discs. They were successfully trained to select either a high intensity or a low intensity disc. The trained butterflies were tested on their ability to perceive brightness in two different protocols: (i) two orange discs of different intensity presented on the same intensity grey background and (ii) two orange discs of the same intensity separately presented on a grey background that was either higher or lower in intensity than the training background. The butterflies trained to high intensity red selected the orange disc of high intensity in protocol 1, and the disc on the background of low intensity grey in protocol 2. We obtained similar results in another set of experiments with purple discs instead of orange discs. The choices of the butterflies trained to low intensity red were opposite to those just described. Taken together, we conclude that Papilio has the ability to learn brightness and darkness of targets independent of colour, and that they have the so-called simultaneous brightness contrast. PMID:22179808

The initiation of boiling during pressure transients. [water boiling on metal surfaces

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weisman, J.; Bussell, G.; Jashnani, I. L.; Hsieh, T.

1973-01-01

The initiation of boiling of water on metal surfaces during pressure transients has been investigated. The data were obtained by a new technique in which light beam fluctuations and a pressure signal were simultaneously recorded on a dual beam oscilloscope. The results obtained agreed with those obtained using high speed photography. It was found that, for water temperatures between 90-150 C, the wall superheat required to initiate boiling during a rapid pressure transient was significantly higher than required when the pressure was slowly reduced. This result is explained by assuming that a finite time is necessary for vapor to fill the cavity at which the bubble originates. Experimental measurements of this time are in reasonably good agreement with calculations based on the proposed theory. The theory includes a new procedure for estimating the coefficient of vaporization.

Multifocus confocal Raman microspectroscopy for fast multimode vibrational imaging of living cells.

PubMed

Okuno, Masanari; Hamaguchi, Hiro-o

2010-12-15

We have developed a multifocus confocal Raman microspectroscopic system for the fast multimode vibrational imaging of living cells. It consists of an inverted microscope equipped with a microlens array, a pinhole array, a fiber bundle, and a multichannel Raman spectrometer. Forty-eight Raman spectra from 48 foci under the microscope are simultaneously obtained by using multifocus excitation and image-compression techniques. The multifocus confocal configuration suppresses the background generated from the cover glass and the cell culturing medium so that high-contrast images are obtainable with a short accumulation time. The system enables us to obtain multimode (10 different vibrational modes) vibrational images of living cells in tens of seconds with only 1 mW laser power at one focal point. This image acquisition time is more than 10 times faster than that in conventional single-focus Raman microspectroscopy.

In vivo comparison of simultaneous versus sequential injection technique for thermochemical ablation in a porcine model.

PubMed

Cressman, Erik N K; Shenoi, Mithun M; Edelman, Theresa L; Geeslin, Matthew G; Hennings, Leah J; Zhang, Yan; Iaizzo, Paul A; Bischof, John C

2012-01-01

To investigate simultaneous and sequential injection thermochemical ablation in a porcine model, and compare them to sham and acid-only ablation. This IACUC-approved study involved 11 pigs in an acute setting. Ultrasound was used to guide placement of a thermocouple probe and coaxial device designed for thermochemical ablation. Solutions of 10 M acetic acid and NaOH were used in the study. Four injections per pig were performed in identical order at a total rate of 4 mL/min: saline sham, simultaneous, sequential, and acid only. Volume and sphericity of zones of coagulation were measured. Fixed specimens were examined by H&E stain. Average coagulation volumes were 11.2 mL (simultaneous), 19.0 mL (sequential) and 4.4 mL (acid). The highest temperature, 81.3°C, was obtained with simultaneous injection. Average temperatures were 61.1°C (simultaneous), 47.7°C (sequential) and 39.5°C (acid only). Sphericity coefficients (0.83-0.89) had no statistically significant difference among conditions. Thermochemical ablation produced substantial volumes of coagulated tissues relative to the amounts of reagents injected, considerably greater than acid alone in either technique employed. The largest volumes were obtained with sequential injection, yet this came at a price in one case of cardiac arrest. Simultaneous injection yielded the highest recorded temperatures and may be tolerated as well as or better than acid injection alone. Although this pilot study did not show a clear advantage for either sequential or simultaneous methods, the results indicate that thermochemical ablation is attractive for further investigation with regard to both safety and efficacy.

Ultra high spatial and temporal resolution breast imaging at 7T.

PubMed

van de Bank, B L; Voogt, I J; Italiaander, M; Stehouwer, B L; Boer, V O; Luijten, P R; Klomp, D W J

2013-04-01

There is a need to obtain higher specificity in the detection of breast lesions using MRI. To address this need, Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (DCE) MRI has been combined with other structural and functional MRI techniques. Unfortunately, owing to time constraints structural images at ultra-high spatial resolution can generally not be obtained during contrast uptake, whereas the relatively low spatial resolution of functional imaging (e.g. diffusion and perfusion) limits the detection of small lesions. To be able to increase spatial as well as temporal resolution simultaneously, the sensitivity of MR detection needs to increase as well as the ability to effectively accelerate the acquisition. The required gain in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be obtained at 7T, whereas acceleration can be obtained with high-density receiver coil arrays. In this case, morphological imaging can be merged with DCE-MRI, and other functional techniques can be obtained at higher spatial resolution, and with less distortion [e.g. Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI)]. To test the feasibility of this concept, we developed a unilateral breast coil for 7T. It comprises a volume optimized dual-channel transmit coil combined with a 30-channel receive array coil. The high density of small coil elements enabled efficient acceleration in any direction to acquire ultra high spatial resolution MRI of close to 0.6 mm isotropic detail within a temporal resolution of 69 s, high spatial resolution MRI of 1.5 mm isotropic within an ultra high temporal resolution of 6.7 s and low distortion DWI at 7T, all validated in phantoms, healthy volunteers and a patient with a lesion in the right breast classified as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) IV. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ALPPS and simultaneous right hemicolectomy - step one and resection of the primary colon cancer.

PubMed

Fard-Aghaie, Mohammad H; Stavrou, Gregor A; Schuetze, Kim C; Papalampros, Alexandros; Donati, Marcello; Oldhafer, Karl J

2015-03-27

Resection of the liver is often limited due to the volume of the parenchyma. To address this problem, several approaches to induce hypertrophy were developed. Recently, the 'associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy' (ALPPS) procedure was introduced and led to rapid hypertrophy in a short interval. Additionally to the portal vein occlusion, the parenchyma is transected, which disrupts the inter-parenchymal vascular connections. Since the first description of the ALPPS procedure, various reports around the world were published. In some cases, due to the high morbidity and mortality, a decent oncologic algorithm is not deliverable in a timely manner. If a patient is to be treated with a liver-first approach, the resection of the primary could sometimes be severely protracted. To overcome the problem, a simultaneous resection of the primary tumor and step one of ALPPS were performed. A 73-year-old male patient underwent portal vein embolization (PVE) after suffering from a synchronous hepatic metastasized carcinoma of the right colic flexure in order to perform a right trisectionectomy. Sufficient hypertrophy could not be obtained by PVE. Thus a 'Rescue-ALPPS' was undertaken. During step one of ALPPS, we simultaneously performed a right hemicolectomy. The postoperative course after the first step was uneventful, and sufficient hypertrophy was achieved. In order to achieve a macroscopic disease-free state and lead the patient as soon as possible to the oncologic path (with, for example, chemotherapy), sometimes a simultaneous resection of the primary with step one of the ALPPS procedure seems justified. A resection of the primary with step two is not advisable, due to the high morbidity and mortality after this step. This case shows that a simultaneous resection is feasible and safe. Whether other locations of the primary should be treated this way must be part of further investigations.

An ultraviolet and visible spectroscopic study of a pulsational cycle of RY Sagittarii

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clayton, Geoffrey C.; Lawson, W. A.; Cottrell, P. L.; Whitney, Barbara A.; Stanford, S. Adam; De Ruyter, Frank

1994-01-01

High-dispersion visible and ultraviolet spectra and UBVRI photometry, covering a complete pulsation of the R Coronae Borealis star RY Sgr, have been obtained. The UV spectra were the first high-dispersion data ever obtained for the star. Together these observations comprise the most complete data set covering an RCB star pulsation cycle. The cycle observed was somewhat anomalous as it was affected by a second 55 day pulsation period as well as the primary 38 day period. However, the visible spectra showed the typical line splitting and radial velocity variations which have been observed previously. The simultaneous UV spectra showed much smaller, and phase-shifted, velocity variations than those seen in the visible. No evidence was seen of shock-induced emission at Mg II. These observations provide some support for the models of pulsating hydrogen deficient stars developed by Saio & Wheeler.

A compact LWIR imaging spectrometer with a variable gap Fabry-Perot interferometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Fang; Gao, Jiaobo; Wang, Nan; Zhao, Yujie; Zhang, Lei; Gao, Shan

2017-02-01

Fourier transform spectroscopy is a widely employed method for obtaining spectra, with applications ranging from the desktop to remote sensing. The long wave infrared (LWIR) interferometric spectral imaging system is always with huge volume and large weight. In order to miniaturize and light the instrument, a new method of LWIR spectral imaging system based on a variable gap Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometer is researched. With the system working principle analyzed, theoretically, it is researched that how to make certain the primary parameter, such as, the reflectivity of the two interferometric cavity surfaces, field of view (FOV) and f-number of the imaging lens. A prototype is developed and a good experimental result of CO2 laser is obtained. The research shows that besides high throughput and high spectral resolution, the advantage of miniaturization is also simultaneously achieved in this method.

Rayleigh Scattering Diagnostic for Dynamic Measurement of Velocity Fluctuations in High Speed Jets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Seasholtz, Richard G.; Panda, Jayanta; Elam, Kristie A.

2001-01-01

A flow diagnostic technique based on the molecular Rayleigh scattering of laser light is used to obtain dynamic density and velocity data in a high speed flow. The technique is based on analyzing the Rayleigh scattered light with a Fabry-Perot interferometer used in the static, imaging mode. An analysis is presented that established a lower bound for measurement uncertainty of about 20 m/sec for individual velocity measurements obtained in a 100 microsecond time interval. Software and hardware interfaces were developed to allow computer control of all aspects of the experiment and data acquisition. The signals from three photomultiplier tubes were simultaneously recorded using photon counting at a 10 kHz sampling rate and 10 second recording periods. Density and velocity data, including distribution functions and power spectra, taken in a Mach 0.8 free jet, are presented.

Nucleon Charges from 2+1+1-flavor HISQ and 2+1-flavor clover lattices

DOE PAGES

Gupta, Rajan

2016-07-24

Precise estimates of the nucleon charges g A, g S and g T are needed in many phenomenological analyses of SM and BSM physics. In this talk, we present results from two sets of calculations using clover fermions on 9 ensembles of 2+1+1-flavor HISQ and 4 ensembles of 2+1-flavor clover lattices. In addition, we show that high statistics can be obtained cost-effectively using the truncated solver method with bias correction and the coherent source sequential propagator technique. By performing simulations at 4–5 values of the source-sink separation t sep, we demonstrate control over excited-state contamination using 2- and 3-state fits.more » Using the high-precision 2+1+1-flavor data, we perform a simultaneous fit in a, M π and M πL to obtain our final results for the charges.« less

Construction of Protograph LDPC Codes with Linear Minimum Distance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Divsalar, Dariush; Dolinar, Sam; Jones, Christopher

2006-01-01

A construction method for protograph-based LDPC codes that simultaneously achieve low iterative decoding threshold and linear minimum distance is proposed. We start with a high-rate protograph LDPC code with variable node degrees of at least 3. Lower rate codes are obtained by splitting check nodes and connecting them by degree-2 nodes. This guarantees the linear minimum distance property for the lower-rate codes. Excluding checks connected to degree-1 nodes, we show that the number of degree-2 nodes should be at most one less than the number of checks for the protograph LDPC code to have linear minimum distance. Iterative decoding thresholds are obtained by using the reciprocal channel approximation. Thresholds are lowered by using either precoding or at least one very high-degree node in the base protograph. A family of high- to low-rate codes with minimum distance linearly increasing in block size and with capacity-approaching performance thresholds is presented. FPGA simulation results for a few example codes show that the proposed codes perform as predicted.

High-angular-resolution stellar imaging with occultations from the Cassini spacecraft - III. Mira

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stewart, Paul N.; Tuthill, Peter G.; Nicholson, Philip D.; Hedman, Matthew M.

2016-04-01

We present an analysis of spectral and spatial data of Mira obtained by the Cassini spacecraft, which not only observed the star's spectra over a broad range of near-infrared wavelengths, but was also able to obtain high-resolution spatial information by watching the star pass behind Saturn's rings. The observed spectral range of 1-5 microns reveals the stellar atmosphere in the crucial water-bands which are unavailable to terrestrial observers, and the simultaneous spatial sampling allows the origin of spectral features to be located in the stellar environment. Models are fitted to the data, revealing the spectral and spatial structure of molecular layers surrounding the star. High-resolution imagery is recovered revealing the layered and asymmetric nature of the stellar atmosphere. The observational data set is also used to confront the state-of-the-art cool opacity-sampling dynamic extended atmosphere models of Mira variables through a detailed spectral and spatial comparison, revealing in general a good agreement with some specific departures corresponding to particular spectral features.

CO2-assisted high pressure homogenization: a solvent-free process for polymeric microspheres and drug-polymer composites.

PubMed

Kluge, Johannes; Mazzotti, Marco

2012-10-15

The study explores the enabling role of near-critical CO(2) as a reversible plasticizer in the high pressure homogenization of polymer particles, aiming at their comminution as well as at the formation of drug-polymer composites. First, the effect of near-critical CO(2) on the homogenization of aqueous suspensions of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) was investigated. Applying a pressure drop of 900 bar and up to 150 passes across the homogenizer, it was found that particles processed in the presence of CO(2) were generally of microspherical morphology and at all times significantly smaller than those obtained in the absence of a plasticizer. The smallest particles, exhibiting a median x(50) of 1.3 μm, were obtained by adding a small quantity of ethyl acetate, which exerts on PLGA an additional plasticizing effect during the homogenization step. Further, the study concerns the possibility of forming drug-polymer composites through simultaneous high pressure homogenization of the two relevant solids, and particularly the effect of near-critical CO(2) on this process. Therefore, PLGA was homogenized together with crystalline S-ketoprofen (S-KET), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, at a drug to polymer ratio of 1:10, a pressure drop of 900 bar and up to 150 passes across the homogenizer. When the process was carried out in the presence of CO(2), an impregnation efficiency of 91% has been reached, corresponding to 8.3 wt.% of S-KET in PLGA; moreover, composite particles were of microspherical morphology and significantly smaller than those obtained in the absence of CO(2). The formation of drug-polymer composites through simultaneous homogenization of the two materials is thus greatly enhanced by the presence of CO(2), which increases the efficiency for both homogenization and impregnation. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Practical application of a bidirectional microwave photonic filter: simultaneous transmission of analog TV signals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Correa-Mena, Ana Gabriela; Zaldívar-Huerta, Ignacio E.; Abril García, Jose Humberto; García-Juárez, Alejandro; Vera-Marquina, Alicia

2016-10-01

A practical application of a bidirectional microwave photonic filter (MPF) to transmit simultaneous analog TV signals coded on microwave carriers is experimentally demonstrated. The frequency response of the bidirectional MPF is obtained by the interaction of an externally modulated multimode laser diode emitting at 1.55 μm associated to the free-spectral range of the optical source, the chromatic dispersion parameter of the optical fiber, as well as the length of the optical link. The filtered microwave bandpass window generated around 2 GHz is used as electrical carrier in order to simultaneously transmit TV signals of 67.25 and 61.25 MHz in both directions. The obtained signal-to-noise ratios for the transmitted signals of 67.25 and 61.25 MHz are 37.62 and 44.77 dB, respectively.

Simultaneous thermal analysis and thermodilatometry of hybrid fiber reinforced UHPC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scheinherrová, Lenka; Fořt, Jan; Pavlík, Zbyšek; Černý, Robert

2017-07-01

Development of concrete technology and the availability of variety of materials such as silica fume, mineral microfillers and high-range water-reducing admixtures make possible to produce Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) with compressive strength higher than 160 MPa. However, UHPC is prone to spall under high temperatures what limits its use for special applications only, such as offshore and marine structures, industrial floors, security barriers etc. The spalling is caused by the thermal stresses due to the temperature gradient during heating, and by the splitting force owing to the release of water vapour. Hybrid fibre reinforcement based on combination of steel and polymer fibres is generally accepted by concrete community as a functional solution preventing spalling. In this way, Ultra-High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) is produced possessing high mechanical strength, durability and resistance to water and salt ingress. Since UHPFRC find use in construction industry in tunnel linings, precast tunnel segments, and high-rise buildings, its behaviour during the high-temperature exposure and its residual parameters are of the particular importance. On this account, Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (STA) and Thermodilatometry Analysis (TDA) were done in the paper to identify the structural and chemical changes in UHPFRC during its high-temperature load. Based on the experimental results, several physical and chemical processes that studied material underwent at high-temperatures were recognized. The obtained data revealed changes in the composition of the studied material and allowed identification of critical temperatures for material damage.

Microwave pyrolysis using self-generated pyrolysis gas as activating agent: An innovative single-step approach to convert waste palm shell into activated carbon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yek, Peter Nai Yuh; Keey Liew, Rock; Shahril Osman, Mohammad; Chung Wong, Chee; Lam, Su Shiung

2017-11-01

Waste palm shell (WPS) is a biomass residue largely available from palm oil industries. An innovative microwave pyrolysis method was developed to produce biochar from WPS while the pyrolysis gas generated as another product is simultaneously used as activating agent to transform the biochar into waste palm shell activated carbon (WPSAC), thus allowing carbonization and activation to be performed simultaneously in a single-step approach. The pyrolysis method was investigated over a range of process temperature and feedstock amount with emphasis on the yield and composition of the WPSAC obtained. The WPSAC was tested as dye adsorbent in removing methylene blue. This pyrolysis approach provided a fast heating rate (37.5°/min) and short process time (20 min) in transforming WPS into WPSAC, recording a product yield of 40 wt%. The WPSAC was detected with high BET surface area (≥ 1200 m2/g), low ash content (< 5 wt%), and high pore volume (≥ 0.54 cm3/g), thus recording high adsorption efficiency of 440 mg of dye/g. The desirable process features (fast heating rate, short process time) and the recovery of WPSAC suggest the exceptional promise of the single-step microwave pyrolysis approach to produce high-grade WPSAC from WPS.

Simultaneous UV and X-ray Spectroscopy of the Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 5548. I. Evidence for Dust in the UV Absorbers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kraemer, S. B.; Crenshaw, D. M.; Gabel, J. R.; Kaastra, J. S.; Steenbrugge, K.; George, I. M.; Turner, T. J.; Yaqoob, T.; Dunn, J. P.

2002-12-01

We present new UV spectra of the nucleus of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548, obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph at high spectral resolution (λ /Δ λ = 30,000 - 46,000), simultaneously with Chandra X-ray Observatory spectra. Taking advantage of the low UV continuum and broad emission-line fluxes, we have determined that the deepest UV absorption component covers at least a portion of the inner high-ionization narrow-line region (NLR). Assuming the NLR is fully covered, we find nonunity covering factors in the cores of several components, which increase the column density measurements of N V and C IV by factors of 1.2 to 1.9; however, the revised columns have only a minor effect on the parameters derived from our photoionization models. For the first time, we have simultaneous C IV and N V columns for component 1 (at -1040 km s-1), and find that this component cannot be an X-ray warm absorber, contrary to our previous claim (based on nonsimultaneous observations of N V and C IV). We find that dust-free models of the absorbers severely overpredict the O VI columns previously obtained with the Far Ultraviolet Spectrograph, and present arguments that this is not likely due to variability. However, models that include dust (and thereby heavily deplete carbon) are successful in matching all of the observed ionic columns, and result in substantially lower ionization parameters and total column densities compared to dust-free models. Interestingly, these models yield the exact amount of dust needed to produce the observed reddening of the inner NLR, assuming a Galactic dust to gas ratio. The models produce little O VII and O VIII, indicating that none of the dusty UV absorbers is associated with a classic X-ray warm absorber.

PEGylated (NH4)xWO3 nanorods as efficient and stable multifunctional nanoagents for simultaneous CT imaging and photothermal therapy of tumor.

PubMed

Macharia, Daniel K; Tian, Qiyun; Chen, Liang; Sun, Yingqi; Yu, Nuo; He, Chuanglong; Wang, Han; Chen, Zhigang

2017-09-01

The simultaneous imaging and photothermal therapy of tumors have attracted much attention, and a prerequisite is to obtain multifunctional nanomaterials. Ideally, one kind of nanoparticles with single component can be used as both imaging agent and photothermal agent. Herein, we have developed the PEGylated (NH 4 ) x WO 3 (denoted as (NH 4 ) x WO 3 -PEG) nanorods as multifunctional nanoparticles with single semiconductor component. (NH 4 ) x WO 3 -PEG nanorods with about 30nm diameter and length of several hundred nanometers have been obtained through a solvothermal synthesis-PEGylation two-step route. Under the irradiation of 980-nm laser with intensity of 0.72Wcm -2 , aqueous dispersion of (NH 4 ) x WO 3 -PEG nanorods (0.67-5.44mmol/L) displays high elevation (17.6-34.5°C) of temperature in 400s, accompanied by an excellent long-term photothermal stability. Furthermore, (NH 4 ) x WO 3 -PEG nanorods exhibit as high as 6 times X-ray attenuation ability compared to that of the clinically used iodine-based X-ray computed tomography (CT) contrast agent (Iopromide). More importantly, after PBS solution of (NH 4 ) x WO 3 -PEG nanorods is injected into the tumor of mice, the tumor can be effectively detected by CT imaging. Moreover, cancer cells in vivo can be further destroyed by the photothermal effects of (NH 4 ) x WO 3 -PEG nanorods, under the irradiation of 980-nm laser with the safe intensity of 0.72Wcm -2 for 10min. Therefore, (NH 4 ) x WO 3 -PEG nanorods can be used as a new kind of stable and efficient multifunctional nanoagent with single component for simultaneous CT imaging and photothermal therapy of tumor. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

[Simultaneous isolation and purification of gallic acid and brevifolincarboxylic acid from Polygonum capitatum by high-speed counter-current chromatography].

PubMed

Chen, Xinxia; Zhang, Liyan; Wan, Jinzhi; Liang, Bin; Xie, Yu

2010-08-01

To isolate and purify gallic acid and brevifolincarboxylic acid simultaneously by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) from a crude extract of Polygonum capitatum. The biphasic solvent system composed of ethyl acetate-n-butanol-0.44% acetic acid (3:1:5) was used at a flow rate of 2.0 mL x min(-1), while the aqueous phase was selected as the mobile phase and the apparatus was rotated at 860 r x min(-1). The effluent was detected at 272 nm. 51.5 mg of gallic acid and 5.9 mg of brevifolincarboxylic acid were separated from 1.07 g of the crude extract with the purities of 99.7% and 97.5%, respectively, while brevifolincarboxylic acid was obtained firstly from the genus Polygonum. The structures of the compounds were identified by ultraviolet spectrometry (UV), infra-red spectrometry (IR), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), time-of-flight mass spectrometry( TOF-MS), 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13C-NMR. This method is feasible and rapid for isolation and purification of gallice acid and brevifolincarboxylil acid.

A full range detector for the HIRRBS high resolution RBS magnetic spectrometer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Skala, Wayne G.; Haberl, Arthur W.; Bakhru, Hassaram

2013-04-19

The UAlbany HIRRBS (High Resolution RBS) system has been updated for better use in rapid analysis. The focal plane detector now covers the full range from U down to O using a linear stepper motor to translate the 1-cm detector across the 30-cm range. Input is implemented with zero-back-angle operation in all cases. The chamber has been modified to allow for quick swapping of sample holders, including a channeling goniometer. A fixed standard surface-barrier detector allows for normal RBS simultaneously with use of the magnetic spectrometer. The user can select a region on the standard spectrum or can select anmore » element edge or an energy point for collection of the expanded spectrum portion. The best resolution currently obtained is about 2-to-3 keV, probably representing the energy width of the incoming beam. Calibration is maintained automatically for any spectrum portion and any beam energy from 1.0 to 3.5 MeV. Element resolving power, sensitivity and depth resolution are shown using several examples. Examples also show the value of simultaneous conventional RBS.« less

Cost-effective simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of l-lactic acid from bagasse sulfite pulp by Bacillus coagulans CC17.

PubMed

Zhou, Jie; Ouyang, Jia; Xu, Qianqian; Zheng, Zhaojuan

2016-12-01

The main barriers to cost-effective lactic acid production from lignocellulose are the high cost of enzymes and the ineffective utilization of the xylose within the hydrolysate. In the present study, the thermophilic Bacillus coagulans strain CC17 was used for the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of bagasse sulfite pulp (BSP) to produce l-lactic acid. Unexpectedly, SSF by CC17 required approximately 33.33% less fungal cellulase than did separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). More interestingly, CC17 can co-ferment cellobiose and xylose without any exogenous β-glucosidase in SSF. Moreover, adding xylanase could increase the concentration of lactic acid produced via SSF. Up to 110g/L of l-lactic acid was obtained using fed-batch SSF, resulting in a lactic acid yield of 0.72g/g cellulose. These results suggest that SSF using CC17 has a remarkable advantage over SHF and that a potentially low-cost and highly-efficient fermentation process can be established using this protocol. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris JSC-6 with swine wastewater for simultaneous nutrient/COD removal and carbohydrate production.

PubMed

Wang, Yue; Guo, Wanqian; Yen, Hong-Wei; Ho, Shih-Hsin; Lo, Yung-Chung; Cheng, Chieh-Lun; Ren, Nanqi; Chang, Jo-Shu

2015-12-01

Swine wastewater, containing a high concentration of COD and ammonia nitrogen, is suitable for the growth of microalgae, leading to simultaneous COD/nutrients removal from the wastewater. In this study, an isolated carbohydrate-rich microalga Chlorella vulgaris JSC-6 was adopted to perform swine wastewater treatment. Nearly 60-70% COD removal and 40-90% NH3-N removal was achieved in the mixotrophic and heterotrophic culture, depending on the dilution ratio of the wastewater, while the highest removal percentage was obtained with 20-fold diluted wastewater. Mixotrophic cultivation by using fivefold diluted wastewater resulted in the highest biomass concentration of 3.96 g/L. The carbohydrate content of the microalga grown on the wastewater can reach up to 58% (per dry weight). The results indicated that the microalgae-based wastewater treatment can efficiently reduce the nutrients and COD level, and the resulting microalgal biomass had high carbohydrate content, thereby having potential applications for the fermentative production of biofuels or chemicals. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Metabolomic Fingerprinting of Romaneschi Globe Artichokes by NMR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Data Analysis.

PubMed

de Falco, Bruna; Incerti, Guido; Pepe, Rosa; Amato, Mariana; Lanzotti, Virginia

2016-09-01

Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus L. Fiori) and cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis DC) are sources of nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds. To apply a NMR metabolomic fingerprinting approach to Cynara cardunculus heads to obtain simultaneous identification and quantitation of the major classes of organic compounds. The edible part of 14 Globe artichoke populations, belonging to the Romaneschi varietal group, were extracted to obtain apolar and polar organic extracts. The analysis was also extended to one species of cultivated cardoon for comparison. The (1) H-NMR of the extracts allowed simultaneous identification of the bioactive metabolites whose quantitation have been obtained by spectral integration followed by principal component analysis (PCA). Apolar organic extracts were mainly based on highly unsaturated long chain lipids. Polar organic extracts contained organic acids, amino acids, sugars (mainly inulin), caffeoyl derivatives (mainly cynarin), flavonoids, and terpenes. The level of nutraceuticals was found to be highest in the Italian landraces Bianco di Pertosa zia E and Natalina while cardoon showed the lowest content of all metabolites thus confirming the genetic distance between artichokes and cardoon. Metabolomic approach coupling NMR spectroscopy with multivariate data analysis allowed for a detailed metabolite profile of artichoke and cardoon varieties to be obtained. Relevant differences in the relative content of the metabolites were observed for the species analysed. This work is the first application of (1) H-NMR with multivariate statistics to provide a metabolomic fingerprinting of Cynara scolymus. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Simultaneous Photoacoustic and Photopyroelectric Detection of Trace Gas Emissions from Some Plant Parts and Their Related Essential Oils in a Combined Detection Cell

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abu-Taha, M. I.; Abu-Teir, M. M.; Al-Jamal, A. J.; Eideh, H.

The aim of this work was to establish the feasibility of the combined photoacoustic (PA) and photopyroelectric (PPE) detection of the vapours emitted from essential oils and their corresponding uncrushed leaves or flowers. Gas traces of jasmine (Jessamine (Jasminum)), mint (Mentha arvensis L.) and Damask rose (Rosa damascena Miller) and their essential oils were tested using a combined cell fitted with both a photopyroelectric film (PVDF) and a microphone in conjunction with a pulsed wideband infrared source (PWBS) source. Infrared PA and PPE absorbances were obtained simultaneously at room temperatures with excellent reproducibility and high signal-to-noise ratios. Significant similarities found between the PA and PPE spectra of the trace gas emissions of plant parts, i.e., flowers or leaves and their related essential oils show the good correlation of their emissions and that both effects are initiated by the same absorbing molecules.

Foveation: an alternative method to simultaneously preserve privacy and information in face images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alonso, Víctor E.; Enríquez-Caldera, Rogerio; Sucar, Luis Enrique

2017-03-01

This paper presents a real-time foveation technique proposed as an alternative method for image obfuscation while simultaneously preserving privacy in face deidentification. Relevance of the proposed technique is discussed through a comparative study of the most common distortions methods in face images and an assessment on performance and effectiveness of privacy protection. All the different techniques presented here are evaluated when they go through a face recognition software. Evaluating the data utility preservation was carried out under gender and facial expression classification. Results on quantifying the tradeoff between privacy protection and image information preservation at different obfuscation levels are presented. Comparative results using the facial expression subset of the FERET database show that the technique achieves a good tradeoff between privacy and awareness with 30% of recognition rate and a classification accuracy as high as 88% obtained from the common figures of merit using the privacy-awareness map.

System Simulation by Recursive Feedback: Coupling a Set of Stand-Alone Subsystem Simulations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nixon, D. D.

2001-01-01

Conventional construction of digital dynamic system simulations often involves collecting differential equations that model each subsystem, arran g them to a standard form, and obtaining their numerical gin solution as a single coupled, total-system simultaneous set. Simulation by numerical coupling of independent stand-alone subsimulations is a fundamentally different approach that is attractive because, among other things, the architecture naturally facilitates high fidelity, broad scope, and discipline independence. Recursive feedback is defined and discussed as a candidate approach to multidiscipline dynamic system simulation by numerical coupling of self-contained, single-discipline subsystem simulations. A satellite motion example containing three subsystems (orbit dynamics, attitude dynamics, and aerodynamics) has been defined and constructed using this approach. Conventional solution methods are used in the subsystem simulations. Distributed and centralized implementations of coupling have been considered. Numerical results are evaluated by direct comparison with a standard total-system, simultaneous-solution approach.

Integrated scheduling of a container handling system with simultaneous loading and discharging operations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Chen; Lu, Zhiqiang; Han, Xiaole; Zhang, Yuejun; Wang, Li

2016-03-01

The integrated scheduling of container handling systems aims to optimize the coordination and overall utilization of all handling equipment, so as to minimize the makespan of a given set of container tasks. A modified disjunctive graph is proposed and a mixed 0-1 programming model is formulated. A heuristic algorithm is presented, in which the original problem is divided into two subproblems. In the first subproblem, contiguous bay crane operations are applied to obtain a good quay crane schedule. In the second subproblem, proper internal truck and yard crane schedules are generated to match the given quay crane schedule. Furthermore, a genetic algorithm based on the heuristic algorithm is developed to search for better solutions. The computational results show that the proposed algorithm can efficiently find high-quality solutions. They also indicate the effectiveness of simultaneous loading and discharging operations compared with separate ones.

Unprecedented simultaneous enhancement in damage tolerance and fatigue resistance of zirconia/Ta composites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smirnov, A.; Beltrán, J. I.; Rodriguez-Suarez, T.; Pecharromán, C.; Muñoz, M. C.; Moya, J. S.; Bartolomé, J. F.

2017-03-01

Dense (>98 th%) and homogeneous ceramic/metal composites were obtained by spark plasma sintering (SPS) using ZrO2 and lamellar metallic powders of tantalum or niobium (20 vol.%) as starting materials. The present study has demonstrated the unique and unpredicted simultaneous enhancement in toughness and strength with very high flaw tolerance of zirconia/Ta composites. In addition to their excellent static mechanical properties, these composites also have exceptional resistance to fatigue loading. It has been shown that the major contributions to toughening are the resulting crack bridging and plastic deformation of the metallic particles, together with crack deflection and interfacial debonding, which is compatible with the coexistence in the composite of both, strong and weak ceramic/metal interfaces, in agreement with predictions of ab-initio calculations. Therefore, these materials are promising candidates for designing damage tolerance components for aerospace industry, cutting and drilling tools, biomedical implants, among many others.

Synthesis of perfluoroalkylether oxadiazole elastomers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rosser, R. W.; Korus, R. A.; Shalhoub, I. M.; Kwong, H.

1979-01-01

A method for the simultaneous chain extension and crosslinking of perfluoroalkylethers which yields a thermally stable perfluoroalkylether oxadiazole elastomer crosslinked by trifunctional perfluoroalkylether-1,3,5-triazine is reported. In the preparation, hydroxylamine crystals prepared from hydroxylamine hydrochloride to which sodium butoxide had been added is mixed with perfluoroalkylether dinitrile to obtain the monomer, as the nitrile is converted to amidoxime. Monomers are heated at 140 to 200 C to form poly(perfluoroalkylether oxadiazole) with a 1,2,4-oxadiazole structure by a step-growth polymerization reaction. Simultaneous chain extension and crosslinking are observed to occur when the purified monomer is heated directly and when the remaining nitrile in the monomer is allowed to react with excess ammonia to form the corresponding amidine, which is then heated. Weight loss studies show the thermal stability of the perfluoroalkylether elastomer to be generally better than fluorosilicone or polyester elastomers, especially in air, indicating its potential usefulness for high-performance elastomeric applications.

A green recyclable SO(3)H-carbon catalyst derived from glycerol for the production of biodiesel from FFA-containing karanja (Pongamia glabra) oil in a single step.

PubMed

Prabhavathi Devi, B L A; Vijai Kumar Reddy, T; Vijaya Lakshmi, K; Prasad, R B N

2014-02-01

Simultaneous esterification and transesterification method is employed for the preparation of biodiesel from 7.5% free fatty acid (FFA) containing karanja (Pongamia glabra) oil using water resistant and reusable carbon-based solid acid catalyst derived from glycerol in a single step. The optimum reaction parameters for obtaining biodiesel in >99% yield by simultaneous esterification and transesterification are: methanol (1:45 mole ratio of oil), catalyst 20wt.% of oil, temperature 160°C and reaction time of 4h. After the reaction, the catalyst was easily recovered by filtration and reused for five times with out any deactivation under optimized conditions. This single-step process could be a potential route for biodiesel production from high FFA containing oils by simplifying the procedure and reducing costs and effluent generation. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Are the dressed gluon and ghost propagators in the Landau gauge presently determined in the confinement regime of QCD?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pennington, M. R.; Wilson, D. J.

2011-11-01

The gluon and ghost propagators in Landau gauge QCD are investigated using the Schwinger-Dyson equation approach. Working in Euclidean spacetime, we solve for these propagators using a selection of vertex inputs, initially for the ghost equation alone and then for both propagators simultaneously. The results are shown to be highly sensitive to the choices of vertices. We favor the infrared finite ghost solution from studying the ghost equation alone where we argue for a specific unique solution. In order to solve this simultaneously with the gluon using a dressed-one-loop truncation, we find that a nontrivial full ghost-gluon vertex is requiredmore » in the vanishing gluon momentum limit. The self-consistent solutions we obtain correspond to having a masslike term in the gluon propagator dressing, in agreement with similar studies supporting the long-held proposal of Cornwall.« less

Unprecedented simultaneous enhancement in damage tolerance and fatigue resistance of zirconia/Ta composites

PubMed Central

Smirnov, A.; Beltrán, J. I.; Rodriguez-Suarez, T.; Pecharromán, C.; Muñoz, M. C.; Moya, J. S.; Bartolomé, J. F.

2017-01-01

Dense (>98 th%) and homogeneous ceramic/metal composites were obtained by spark plasma sintering (SPS) using ZrO2 and lamellar metallic powders of tantalum or niobium (20 vol.%) as starting materials. The present study has demonstrated the unique and unpredicted simultaneous enhancement in toughness and strength with very high flaw tolerance of zirconia/Ta composites. In addition to their excellent static mechanical properties, these composites also have exceptional resistance to fatigue loading. It has been shown that the major contributions to toughening are the resulting crack bridging and plastic deformation of the metallic particles, together with crack deflection and interfacial debonding, which is compatible with the coexistence in the composite of both, strong and weak ceramic/metal interfaces, in agreement with predictions of ab-initio calculations. Therefore, these materials are promising candidates for designing damage tolerance components for aerospace industry, cutting and drilling tools, biomedical implants, among many others. PMID:28322343

High Throughput System for Plant Height and Hyperspectral Measurement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, H.; Xu, L.; Jiang, H.; Shi, S.; Chen, D.

2018-04-01

Hyperspectral and three-dimensional measurement can obtain the intrinsic physicochemical properties and external geometrical characteristics of objects, respectively. Currently, a variety of sensors are integrated into a system to collect spectral and morphological information in agriculture. However, previous experiments were usually performed with several commercial devices on a single platform. Inadequate registration and synchronization among instruments often resulted in mismatch between spectral and 3D information of the same target. And narrow field of view (FOV) extends the working hours in farms. Therefore, we propose a high throughput prototype that combines stereo vision and grating dispersion to simultaneously acquire hyperspectral and 3D information.

Core noise measurements on a YF-102 turbofan engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reshotko, M.; Karchmer, A. M.; Penko, P. F.; Mcardle, J. G.

1977-01-01

Core noise from a YF-102 high bypass ratio turbofan engine was investigated through the use of simultaneous measurements of internal fluctuating pressures and far field noise. Acoustic waveguide probes, located in the engine at the compressor exit, in the combustor, at the turbine exit, and in the core nozzle, were employed to measure internal fluctuating pressures. Spectra showed that the internal signals were free of tones, except at high frequency where machinery noise was present. Data obtained over a wide range of engine conditions suggest that below 60% of maximum fan speed the low frequency core noise contributes significantly to the far field noise.

Coherently coupling distinct spin ensembles through a high-Tc superconducting resonator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghirri, A.; Bonizzoni, C.; Troiani, F.; Buccheri, N.; Beverina, L.; Cassinese, A.; Affronte, M.

2016-06-01

The problem of coupling multiple spin ensembles through cavity photons is revisited by using (3,5-dichloro-4-pyridyl)bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl (PyBTM) organic radicals and a high-Tc superconducting coplanar resonator. An exceptionally strong coupling is obtained and up to three spin ensembles are simultaneously coupled. The ensembles are made physically distinguishable by chemically varying the g factor and by exploiting the inhomogeneities of the applied magnetic field. The coherent mixing of the spin and field modes is demonstrated by the observed multiple anticrossing, along with the simulations performed within the input-output formalism, and quantified by suitable entropic measures.

Simultaneous and quantitative monitoring of co-cultured Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus with antibiotics on a diffusometric platform

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chung, Chih-Yao; Wang, Jhih-Cheng; Chuang, Han-Sheng

2017-04-01

Successful treatments against bacterial infections depend on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). However, conventional AST requires more than 24 h to obtain an outcome, thereby contributing to high patient mortality. An antibiotic therapy based on experiences is therefore necessary for saving lives and escalating the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. Accordingly, a fast and effective drug screen is necessary for the appropriate administration of antibiotics. The mixed pathogenic nature of infectious diseases emphasizes the need to develop an assay system for polymicrobial infections. On this basis, we present a novel technique for simultaneous and quantitative monitoring of co-cultured microorganisms by coupling optical diffusometry with bead-based immunoassays. This simple integration simultaneously achieves a rapid AST analysis for two pathogens. Triple color particles were simultaneously recorded and subsequently analyzed by functionalizing different fluorescent color particles with dissimilar pathogen-specific antibodies. Results suggested that the effect of the antibiotic, gentamicin, on co-cultured Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was effectively distinguished by the proposed technique. This study revealed a multiplexed and time-saving (within 2 h) platform with a small sample volume (~0.5 μL) and a low initial bacterial count (50 CFU per droplet, ~105 CFU/mL) for continuously monitoring the growth of co-cultured microorganisms. This technique provides insights into timely therapies against polymicrobial diseases in the near future.

Simultaneous Estimation of Withaferin A and Z-Guggulsterone in Marketed Formulation by RP-HPLC.

PubMed

Agrawal, Poonam; Vegda, Rashmi; Laddha, Kirti

2015-07-01

A simple, rapid, precise and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for simultaneous estimation of withaferin A and Z-guggulsterone in a polyherbal formulation containing Withania somnifera and Commiphora wightii. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Purosphere RP-18 column (particle size 5 µm) with a mobile phase consisting of Solvent A (acetonitrile) and Solvent B (water) with the following gradients: 0-7 min, 50% A in B; 7-9 min, 50-80% A in B; 9-20 min, 80% A in B at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and detection at 235 nm. The marker compounds were well separated on the chromatogram within 20 min. The results obtained indicate accuracy and reliability of the developed simultaneous HPLC method for the quantification of withaferin A and Z-guggulsterone. The proposed method was found to be reproducible, specific, precise and accurate for simultaneous estimation of these marker compounds in a combined dosage form. The HPLC method was appropriate and the two markers are well resolved, enabling efficient quantitative analysis of withaferin A and Z-guggulsterone. The method can be successively used for quantitative analysis of these two marker constituents in combination of marketed polyherbal formulation. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

An integrated instrumental setup for the combination of atomic force microscopy with optical spectroscopy.

PubMed

Owen, R J; Heyes, C D; Knebel, D; Röcker, C; Nienhaus, G U

2006-07-01

In recent years, the study of single biomolecules using fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques has resulted in a plethora of new information regarding the physics underlying these complex biological systems. It is especially advantageous to be able to measure the optical, topographical, and mechanical properties of single molecules simultaneously. Here an AFM is used that is especially designed for integration with an inverted optical microscope and that has a near-infrared light source (850 nm) to eliminate interference between the optical experiment and the AFM operation. The Tip Assisted Optics (TAO) system consists of an additional 100 x 100-microm(2) X-Y scanner for the sample, which can be independently and simultaneously used with the AFM scanner. This allows the offset to be removed between the confocal optical image obtained with the sample scanner and the simultaneously acquired AFM topography image. The tip can be positioned exactly into the optical focus while the user can still navigate within the AFM image for imaging or manipulation of the sample. Thus the tip-enhancement effect can be maximized and it becomes possible to perform single molecule manipulation experiments within the focus of a confocal optical image. Here this is applied to simultaneous measurement of single quantum dot fluorescence and topography with high spatial resolution. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Development of Millimeter Wave Fabry-Pérot Resonator for Simultaneous Electron-Spin and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ishikawa, Yuya; Ohya, Kenta; Fujii, Yutaka; Fukuda, Akira; Miura, Shunsuke; Mitsudo, Seitaro; Yamamori, Hidetomo; Kikuchi, Hikomitsu

2018-04-01

We report a Fabry-Pérot resonator with spherical and flat mirrors to allow simultaneous electron-spin resonance (ESR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements that could be used for double magnetic resonance (DoMR). In order to perform simultaneous ESR and NMR measurements, the flat mirror must reflect millimeter wavelength electromagnetic waves and the resonator must have a high Q value ( Q > 3000) for ESR frequencies, while the mirror must simultaneously let NMR frequencies pass through. This requirement can be achieved by exploiting the difference of skin depth for the two frequencies, since skin depth is inversely proportional to the square root of the frequency. In consideration of the skin depth, the optimum conditions for conducting ESR and NMR using a gold thin film are explored by examining the relation between the Q value and the film thickness. A flat mirror with a gold thin film was fabricated by sputtering gold on an epoxy plate. We also installed a Helmholtz radio frequency coil for NMR and tested the system both at room and low temperatures with an optimally thick gold film. As a result, signals were obtained at 0.18 K for ESR and at 1.3 K for NMR. A flat-mirrored resonator with a thin gold film surface is an effective way to locate NMR coils closer to the sample being examined with DoMR.

Simultaneous amplification of two bacterial genes: more reliable method of Helicobacter pylori detection in microbial rich dental plaque samples.

PubMed

Chaudhry, Saima; Idrees, Muhammad; Izhar, Mateen; Butt, Arshad Kamal; Khan, Ayyaz Ali

2011-01-01

Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) assay is considered superior to other methods for detection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in oral cavity; however, it also has limitations when sample under study is microbial rich dental plaque. The type of gene targeted and number of primers used for bacterial detection in dental plaque samples can have a significant effect on the results obtained as there are a number of closely related bacterial species residing in plaque biofilm. Also due to high recombination rate of H. pylori some of the genes might be down regulated or absent. The present study was conducted to determine the frequency of H. pylori colonization of dental plaque by simultaneously amplifying two genes of the bacterium. One hundred dental plaque specimens were collected from dyspeptic patients before their upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and presence of H. pylori was determined through PCR assay using primers targeting two different genes of the bacterium. Eighty-nine of the 100 samples were included in final analysis. With simultaneous amplification of two bacterial genes 51.6% of the dental plaque samples were positive for H. pylori while this prevalence increased to 73% when only one gene amplification was used for bacterial identification. Detection of H. pylori in dental plaque samples is more reliable when two genes of the bacterium are simultaneously amplified as compared to one gene amplification only.

GeoChip-based analysis of the microbial community functional structures in simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification process.

PubMed

Yu, Hao; Chen, Chuan; Ma, Jincai; Liu, Wenzong; Zhou, Jizhong; Lee, Duu-Jong; Ren, Nanqi; Wang, Aijie

2014-07-01

The elemental sulfur (S°) recovery was evaluated in the presence of nitrate in two development models of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification (SDD) process. At the loading rates of 0.9 kg S/(m³·day) for sulfide and 0.4 kg N/(m³·day) for nitrate, S° conversion rate was 91.1% in denitrifying sulfide removal (DSR) model which was higher than in integrated simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification (ISDD) model (25.6%). A comprehensive analysis of functional diversity, structure and metabolic potential of microbial communities was examined in two models by using functional gene array (GeoChip 2.0). GeoChip data indicated that diversity indices, community structure, and abundance of functional genes were distinct between two models. Diversity indices (Simpson's diversity index (1/D) and Shannon-Weaver index (H')) of all detected genes showed that with elevated influent loading rate, the functional diversity decreased in ISDD model but increased in DSR model. In contrast to ISDD model, the overall abundance of dsr genes was lower in DSR model, while some functional genes targeting from nitrate-reducing sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (NR-SOB), such as Thiobacillus denitrificans, Sulfurimonas denitrificans, and Paracoccus pantotrophus were more abundant in DSR model which were highly associated with the change of S(0) conversion rate obtained in two models. The results obtained in this study provide additional insights into the microbial metabolic mechanisms involved in ISDD and DSR models, which in turn will improve the overall performance of SDD process. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Combined Yamamoto approach for simultaneous estimation of adsorption isotherm and kinetic parameters in ion-exchange chromatography.

PubMed

Rüdt, Matthias; Gillet, Florian; Heege, Stefanie; Hitzler, Julian; Kalbfuss, Bernd; Guélat, Bertrand

2015-09-25

Application of model-based design is appealing to support the development of protein chromatography in the biopharmaceutical industry. However, the required efforts for parameter estimation are frequently perceived as time-consuming and expensive. In order to speed-up this work, a new parameter estimation approach for modelling ion-exchange chromatography in linear conditions was developed. It aims at reducing the time and protein demand for the model calibration. The method combines the estimation of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters based on the simultaneous variation of the gradient slope and the residence time in a set of five linear gradient elutions. The parameters are estimated from a Yamamoto plot and a gradient-adjusted Van Deemter plot. The combined approach increases the information extracted per experiment compared to the individual methods. As a proof of concept, the combined approach was successfully applied for a monoclonal antibody on a cation-exchanger and for a Fc-fusion protein on an anion-exchange resin. The individual parameter estimations for the mAb confirmed that the new approach maintained the accuracy of the usual Yamamoto and Van Deemter plots. In the second case, offline size-exclusion chromatography was performed in order to estimate the thermodynamic parameters of an impurity (high molecular weight species) simultaneously with the main product. Finally, the parameters obtained from the combined approach were used in a lumped kinetic model to simulate the chromatography runs. The simulated chromatograms obtained for a wide range of gradient lengths and residence times showed only small deviations compared to the experimental data. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Changes in accommodation and ocular aberration with simultaneous vision multifocal contact lenses.

PubMed

Ruiz-Alcocer, Javier; Madrid-Costa, David; Radhakrishnan, Hema; Ferrer-Blasco, Teresa; Montés-Micó, Robert

2012-09-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate ocular aberration changes through different simultaneous vision multifocal contact lenses (CLs). Eighteen young-adult subjects with a mean age of 29.8±2.11 years took part. Changes in accommodative response, spherical aberration (C(4)(0)), horizontal coma (C(3)(1)), vertical coma (C(3)(-1)), and root mean square (RMS) of higher-order aberrations (HOAs, third to sixth orders) were evaluated. Measurements were obtained with a distance-single vision CL and 2 aspheric multifocal CLs of simultaneous focus center-near design (PureVision Low Add and PureVision High Add) for 2 accommodative stimuli (-2.50 and -4.00 D). All measurements were performed monocularly with a Hartmann-Shack aberrometer (IRX-3; Imagine Eyes, Orsay, France). No statistically significant differences were found in accommodative responses to -2.50- and -4.00-D stimuli between the single vision CL and the 2 multifocal CLs. Spherical aberration was found to decrease and become more negative with accommodation for both stimuli with all three CLs. Horizontal coma decreased significantly with accommodation (-2.5- and -4.00-D stimuli) for the distance-single vision CLs (P=0.002 and P=0.003). No differences were found in vertical coma Zernike coefficients. The RMS of HOAs was found to decrease only with the single vision CLs for both stimuli (P<0.01). Data obtained in this study suggest that in young subjects, the multifocal CLs studied do not induce large changes in accommodative response compared with the distance-single vision CLs. Spherical aberration reduced significantly with accommodation.

A note on the relations between thermodynamics, energy definitions and Friedmann equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moradpour, H.; Nunes, Rafael C.; Abreu, Everton M. C.; Neto, Jorge Ananias

2017-04-01

We investigate the relation between the Friedmann and thermodynamic pressure equations, through solving the Friedmann and thermodynamic pressure equations simultaneously. Our investigation shows that a perfect fluid, as a suitable solution for the Friedmann equations leading to the standard modeling of the universe expansion history, cannot simultaneously satisfy the thermodynamic pressure equation and those of Friedmann. Moreover, we consider various energy definitions, such as the Komar mass, and solve the Friedmann and thermodynamic pressure equations simultaneously to get some models for dark energy fluids. The cosmological consequences of obtained solutions are also addressed. Our results indicate that some of obtained solutions may unify the dominated fluid in both the primary inflationary and current accelerating eras into one model. In addition, by taking into account a cosmic fluid of a known equation of state (EoS), and combining it with the Friedmann and thermodynamic pressure equations, we obtain the corresponding energy of these cosmic fluids and face their limitations. Finally, we point out the cosmological features of this cosmic fluid and also study its observational constraints.

The impact of the condenser on cytogenetic image quality in digital microscope system.

PubMed

Ren, Liqiang; Li, Zheng; Li, Yuhua; Zheng, Bin; Li, Shibo; Chen, Xiaodong; Liu, Hong

2013-01-01

Optimizing operational parameters of the digital microscope system is an important technique to acquire high quality cytogenetic images and facilitate the process of karyotyping so that the efficiency and accuracy of diagnosis can be improved. This study investigated the impact of the condenser on cytogenetic image quality and system working performance using a prototype digital microscope image scanning system. Both theoretical analysis and experimental validations through objectively evaluating a resolution test chart and subjectively observing large numbers of specimen were conducted. The results show that the optimal image quality and large depth of field (DOF) are simultaneously obtained when the numerical aperture of condenser is set as 60%-70% of the corresponding objective. Under this condition, more analyzable chromosomes and diagnostic information are obtained. As a result, the system shows higher working stability and less restriction for the implementation of algorithms such as autofocusing especially when the system is designed to achieve high throughput continuous image scanning. Although the above quantitative results were obtained using a specific prototype system under the experimental conditions reported in this paper, the presented evaluation methodologies can provide valuable guidelines for optimizing operational parameters in cytogenetic imaging using the high throughput continuous scanning microscopes in clinical practice.

Assessment of atmospheric distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using a molecular structure model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Turk Sekulić, Maja; Okuka, Marija; Šenk, Nevena; Radonić, Jelena; Vojinović Miloradov, Mirjana; Vidicki, Branko

2013-07-01

In this paper, a comparison of experimentally obtained and SPARC software v4.6 modelled values of gas/particle partitioning coefficients was conducted to determine whether the evaluation of atmospheric distribution of PAH molecules can be performed using a molecular structure model. Partitioning coefficients were calculated for sixteen EPA PAHs, in thirty-nine samples of ambient air collected at nineteen urban, industrial, highly contaminated and background sites in the Republic of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. For obtaining samples of ambient air, the conventional high volume (Hi-Vol) methodology was applied, whereby gaseous and particulate phase data collection was conducted simultaneously by glass fibre filters (GFFs) and polyurethane foam filters (PUFs). The best prediction was for PAHs with 5 or more rings (benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)perylene and benzo(ghi)perylene). For evaluating the applicability of SPARC software predictions of gas/particle partitioning coefficients for the existing conditions, the results were compared with those obtained by applying other frequently used and highly ranked theoretical models of phase distributions, namely Junge-Pankow adsorption model, KOA absorption model, Dachs-Eisenreich dual model and PP-LFER model.

Deblending of simultaneous-source data using iterative seislet frame thresholding based on a robust slope estimation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Yatong; Han, Chunying; Chi, Yue

2018-06-01

In a simultaneous source survey, no limitation is required for the shot scheduling of nearby sources and thus a huge acquisition efficiency can be obtained but at the same time making the recorded seismic data contaminated by strong blending interference. In this paper, we propose a multi-dip seislet frame based sparse inversion algorithm to iteratively separate simultaneous sources. We overcome two inherent drawbacks of traditional seislet transform. For the multi-dip problem, we propose to apply a multi-dip seislet frame thresholding strategy instead of the traditional seislet transform for deblending simultaneous-source data that contains multiple dips, e.g., containing multiple reflections. The multi-dip seislet frame strategy solves the conflicting dip problem that degrades the performance of the traditional seislet transform. For the noise issue, we propose to use a robust dip estimation algorithm that is based on velocity-slope transformation. Instead of calculating the local slope directly using the plane-wave destruction (PWD) based method, we first apply NMO-based velocity analysis and obtain NMO velocities for multi-dip components that correspond to multiples of different orders, then a fairly accurate slope estimation can be obtained using the velocity-slope conversion equation. An iterative deblending framework is given and validated through a comprehensive analysis over both numerical synthetic and field data examples.

Automated tandem mass spectrometry by orthogonal acceleration TOF data acquisition and simultaneous magnet scanning for the characterization of petroleum mixtures.

PubMed

Roussis, S G

2001-08-01

The automated acquisition of the product ion spectra of all precursor ions in a selected mass range by using a magnetic sector/orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight (oa-TOF) tandem mass spectrometer for the characterization of complex petroleum mixtures is reported. Product ion spectra are obtained by rapid oa-TOF data acquisition and simultaneous scanning of the magnet. An analog signal generator is used for the scanning of the magnet. Slow magnet scanning rates permit the accurate profiling of precursor ion peaks and the acquisition of product ion spectra for all isobaric ion species. The ability of the instrument to perform both high- and low-energy collisional activation experiments provides access to a large number of dissociation pathways useful for the characterization of precursor ions. Examples are given that illustrate the capability of the method for the characterization of representative petroleum mixtures. The structural information obtained by the automated MS/MS experiment is used in combination with high-resolution accurate mass measurement results to characterize unknown components in a polar extract of a refinery product. The exhaustive mapping of all precursor ions in representative naphtha and middle-distillate fractions is presented. Sets of isobaric ion species are separated and their structures are identified by interpretation from first principles or by comparison with standard 70-eV EI libraries of spectra. The utility of the method increases with the complexity of the samples.

Fizeau simultaneous phase-shifting interferometry based on extended source

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Shanshan; Zhu, Qiudong; Hou, Yinlong; Cao, Zheng

2016-09-01

Coaxial Fizeau simultaneous phase-shifting interferometer plays an important role in many fields for its characteristics of long optical path, miniaturization, and elimination of reference surface high-frequency error. Based on the matching of coherence between extended source and interferometer, orthogonal polarization reference wave and measurement wave can be obtained by Fizeau interferometry with Michelson interferometer preposed. Through matching spatial coherence length between preposed interferometer and primary interferometer, high contrast interference fringes can be obtained and additional interference fringes can be eliminated. Thus, the problem of separation of measurement and reference surface in the common optical path Fizeau interferometer is solved. Numerical simulation and principle experiment is conducted to verify the feasibility of extended source interferometer. Simulation platform is established by using the communication technique of DDE (dynamic data exchange) to connect Zemax and Matlab. The modeling of the extended source interferometer is realized by using Zemax. Matlab codes are programmed to automatically rectify the field parameters of the optical system and conveniently calculate the visibility of interference fringes. Combined with the simulation, the experimental platform of the extended source interferometer is established. After experimental research on the influence law of scattering screen granularity to interference fringes, the granularity of scattering screen is determined. Based on the simulation platform and experimental platform, the impacts on phase measurement accuracy of the imaging system aberration and collimation system aberration of the interferometer are analyzed. Compared the visibility relation curves between experimental measurement and simulation result, the experimental result is in line with the theoretical result.

Lean body mass correction of standardized uptake value in simultaneous whole-body positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jochimsen, Thies H.; Schulz, Jessica; Busse, Harald; Werner, Peter; Schaudinn, Alexander; Zeisig, Vilia; Kurch, Lars; Seese, Anita; Barthel, Henryk; Sattler, Bernhard; Sabri, Osama

2015-06-01

This study explores the possibility of using simultaneous positron emission tomography—magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI) to estimate the lean body mass (LBM) in order to obtain a standardized uptake value (SUV) which is less dependent on the patients' adiposity. This approach is compared to (1) the commonly-used method based on a predictive equation for LBM, and (2) to using an LBM derived from PET-CT data. It is hypothesized that an MRI-based correction of SUV provides a robust method due to the high soft-tissue contrast of MRI. A straightforward approach to calculate an MRI-derived LBM is presented. It is based on the fat and water images computed from the two-point Dixon MRI primarily used for attenuation correction in PET-MRI. From these images, a water fraction was obtained for each voxel. Averaging over the whole body yielded the weight-normalized LBM. Performance of the new approach in terms of reducing variations of 18F-Fludeoxyglucose SUVs in brain and liver across 19 subjects was compared with results using predictive methods and PET-CT data to estimate the LBM. The MRI-based method reduced the coefficient of variation of SUVs in the brain by 41  ± 10% which is comparable to the reduction by the PET-CT method (35  ± 10%). The reduction of the predictive LBM method was 29  ± 8%. In the liver, the reduction was less clear, presumably due to other sources of variation. In conclusion, employing the Dixon data in simultaneous PET-MRI for calculation of lean body mass provides a brain SUV which is less dependent on patient adiposity. The reduced dependency is comparable to that obtained by CT and predictive equations. Therefore, it is more comparable across patients. The technique does not impose an overhead in measurement time and is straightforward to implement.

Lean body mass correction of standardized uptake value in simultaneous whole-body positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

PubMed

Jochimsen, Thies H; Schulz, Jessica; Busse, Harald; Werner, Peter; Schaudinn, Alexander; Zeisig, Vilia; Kurch, Lars; Seese, Anita; Barthel, Henryk; Sattler, Bernhard; Sabri, Osama

2015-06-21

This study explores the possibility of using simultaneous positron emission tomography--magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI) to estimate the lean body mass (LBM) in order to obtain a standardized uptake value (SUV) which is less dependent on the patients' adiposity. This approach is compared to (1) the commonly-used method based on a predictive equation for LBM, and (2) to using an LBM derived from PET-CT data. It is hypothesized that an MRI-based correction of SUV provides a robust method due to the high soft-tissue contrast of MRI. A straightforward approach to calculate an MRI-derived LBM is presented. It is based on the fat and water images computed from the two-point Dixon MRI primarily used for attenuation correction in PET-MRI. From these images, a water fraction was obtained for each voxel. Averaging over the whole body yielded the weight-normalized LBM. Performance of the new approach in terms of reducing variations of (18)F-Fludeoxyglucose SUVs in brain and liver across 19 subjects was compared with results using predictive methods and PET-CT data to estimate the LBM. The MRI-based method reduced the coefficient of variation of SUVs in the brain by 41 ± 10% which is comparable to the reduction by the PET-CT method (35 ± 10%). The reduction of the predictive LBM method was 29 ± 8%. In the liver, the reduction was less clear, presumably due to other sources of variation. In conclusion, employing the Dixon data in simultaneous PET-MRI for calculation of lean body mass provides a brain SUV which is less dependent on patient adiposity. The reduced dependency is comparable to that obtained by CT and predictive equations. Therefore, it is more comparable across patients. The technique does not impose an overhead in measurement time and is straightforward to implement.

Efficient Robust Regression via Two-Stage Generalized Empirical Likelihood

PubMed Central

Bondell, Howard D.; Stefanski, Leonard A.

2013-01-01

Large- and finite-sample efficiency and resistance to outliers are the key goals of robust statistics. Although often not simultaneously attainable, we develop and study a linear regression estimator that comes close. Efficiency obtains from the estimator’s close connection to generalized empirical likelihood, and its favorable robustness properties are obtained by constraining the associated sum of (weighted) squared residuals. We prove maximum attainable finite-sample replacement breakdown point, and full asymptotic efficiency for normal errors. Simulation evidence shows that compared to existing robust regression estimators, the new estimator has relatively high efficiency for small sample sizes, and comparable outlier resistance. The estimator is further illustrated and compared to existing methods via application to a real data set with purported outliers. PMID:23976805

Growthcurver: an R package for obtaining interpretable metrics from microbial growth curves.

PubMed

Sprouffske, Kathleen; Wagner, Andreas

2016-04-19

Plate readers can measure the growth curves of many microbial strains in a high-throughput fashion. The hundreds of absorbance readings collected simultaneously for hundreds of samples create technical hurdles for data analysis. Growthcurver summarizes the growth characteristics of microbial growth curve experiments conducted in a plate reader. The data are fitted to a standard form of the logistic equation, and the parameters have clear interpretations on population-level characteristics, like doubling time, carrying capacity, and growth rate. Growthcurver is an easy-to-use R package available for installation from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN). The source code is available under the GNU General Public License and can be obtained from Github (Sprouffske K, Growthcurver sourcecode, 2016).

Wavelet domain image restoration with adaptive edge-preserving regularization.

PubMed

Belge, M; Kilmer, M E; Miller, E L

2000-01-01

In this paper, we consider a wavelet based edge-preserving regularization scheme for use in linear image restoration problems. Our efforts build on a collection of mathematical results indicating that wavelets are especially useful for representing functions that contain discontinuities (i.e., edges in two dimensions or jumps in one dimension). We interpret the resulting theory in a statistical signal processing framework and obtain a highly flexible framework for adapting the degree of regularization to the local structure of the underlying image. In particular, we are able to adapt quite easily to scale-varying and orientation-varying features in the image while simultaneously retaining the edge preservation properties of the regularizer. We demonstrate a half-quadratic algorithm for obtaining the restorations from observed data.

Spectral inversion of frequency-domain IP data obtained in Haenam, South Korea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, B.; Nam, M. J.; Son, J. S.

2017-12-01

Spectral induced polarization (SIP) method using a range of source frequencies have been performed for not only exploring minerals resources, but also engineering or environmental application. SIP interpretation first makes inversion of individual frequency data to obtain complex resistivity structures, which will further analyzed employing Cole-Cole model to explain the frequency-dependent characteristics. However, due to the difficulty in fitting Cole-Cole model, there is a movement to interpret complex resistivity structure inverted only from a single frequency data: that is so-called "complex resistivity survey". Further, simultaneous inversion of multi-frequency SIP data, rather than making a single frequency SIP data, has been studied to improve ambiguity and artefacts of independent single frequency inversion in obtaining a complex resistivity structure, even though the dispersion characteristics of complex resistivity with respect to source frequency. Employing the simultaneous inversion method, this study makes inversion of field SIP data obtained over epithermal mineralized area, Haenam, in the southernmost tip of South Korea. The area has a polarizable structure because of extensive hydrothermal alteration, gold-silver deposits. After the inversion, we compare between inversion results considering multi-frequency data and single frequency data set to evaluate the performance of simultaneous inversion of multi-frequency SIP data.

Simultaneous detection of MCF-7 and HepG2 cells in blood by ICP-MS with gold nanoparticles and quantum dots as elemental tags.

PubMed

Li, Xiaoting; Chen, Beibei; He, Man; Wang, Han; Xiao, Guangyang; Yang, Bin; Hu, Bin

2017-04-15

In this work, we demonstrate a novel method based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and quantum dots (QDs) labeling for the simultaneous counting of two circulating tumor cell lines (MCF-7 and HepG2 cells) in human blood. MCF-7 and HepG2 cells were captured by magnetic beads coupled with anti-EpCAM and then specifically labeled by CdSe QDs-anti-ASGPR and Au NPs-anti-MUC1, respectively, which were used as signal probes for ICP-MS measurement. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the limits of detection of 50 MCF-7, 89 HepG2 cells and the linear ranges of 200-40000 MCF-7, 300-30000 HepG2 cells were obtained, and the relative standard deviations for seven replicate detections of 800 MCF-7 and HepG2 cells were 4.6% and 5.7%, respectively. This method has the advantages of high sensitivity, low sample consumption, wide linear range and can be extended to the simultaneous detection of multiple CTC lines in human peripheral blood. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Determination of ethyl glucuronide in hair: a rapid sample pretreatment involving simultaneous milling and extraction.

PubMed

Mönch, Bettina; Becker, Roland; Nehls, Irene

2014-01-01

A combination of simultaneous milling and extraction known as micropulverized extraction was developed for the quantification of the alcohol marker ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in hair samples using a homogeneous reference material and a mixer mill. Best extraction results from 50 mg of hair were obtained with 2-mL plastic tubes containing two steel balls (∅ = 5 mm), 0.5 mL of water and with an oscillating frequency of 30 s(-1) over a period of 30 min. EtG was quantified employing a validated GC-MS procedure involving derivatization with pentafluoropropionic acid anhydride. This micropulverization procedure was compared with dry milling followed by separate aqueous extraction and with aqueous extraction after manual cutting to millimeter-size snippets. Micropulverization yielded 28.0 ± 1.70 pg/mg and was seen to be superior to manually cutting (23.0 ± 0.83 pg/mg) and equivalent to dry grinding (27.7 ± 1.71 pg/mg) with regard to completeness of EtG extraction. The option to process up to 20 samples simultaneously makes micropulverization especially valuable for the high throughput of urgent samples.

Chemometrics-assisted simultaneous determination of cobalt(II) and chromium(III) with flow-injection chemiluminescence method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Baoxin; Wang, Dongmei; Lv, Jiagen; Zhang, Zhujun

2006-09-01

In this paper, a flow-injection chemiluminescence (CL) system is proposed for simultaneous determination of Co(II) and Cr(III) with partial least squares calibration. This method is based on the fact that both Co(II) and Cr(III) catalyze the luminol-H 2O 2 CL reaction, and that their catalytic activities are significantly different on the same reaction condition. The CL intensity of Co(II) and Cr(III) was measured and recorded at different pH of reaction medium, and the obtained data were processed by the chemometric approach of partial least squares. The experimental calibration set was composed with nine sample solutions using orthogonal calibration design for two component mixtures. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 2 × 10 -7 to 8 × 10 -10 and 2 × 10 -6 to 4 × 10 -9 g/ml for Co(II) and Cr(III), respectively. The proposed method offers the potential advantages of high sensitivity, simplicity and rapidity for Co(II) and Cr(III) determination, and was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of both analytes in real water sample.

A stimuli-responsive fluorescence platform for simultaneous determination of d-isoascorbic acid and Tartaric acid based on Maillard reaction product.

PubMed

Zhao, Yanmei; Yuan, Haiyan; Zhang, Xinling; Yang, Jidong

2018-05-05

An activatable fluorescence monitoring platform based on a novel Maillard reaction product from d-glucose and L-arginine was prepared through a facile one-pot approach and applied for simultaneous detection of d-isoascorbic acid and tartaric acid. In this work, the new Maillard reaction product GLA was first obtained, and its fluorescence intensity can be effectively quenched by KMnO 4 , resulting from a new complex (GLA-KMnO 4 ) formation between GLA and KMnO 4 . Upon addition of d-isoascorbic acid or tartaric acid, an enhanced fluorescence was observed under the optimumed experimental conditions, indicating a stimuli-responsive fluorescence turn on platform for d-isoascorbic acid or tartaric acid can be developed. The corresponding experimental results showed that this turn on fluorescence sensing platform has a high sensitivity for d-isoascorbic acid or tartaric acid, because the detection limits were 5.9μM and 21.5μM, respectively. Additionally, this proposed sensing platform was applied to simultaneously detection of d-isoascorbic acid and tartaric acid in real tap water samples with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The simultaneous removal of calcium, magnesium and chloride ions from industrial wastewater using magnesium-aluminum oxide.

PubMed

Hamidi, Roya; Kahforoushan, Davood; Fatehifar, Esmaeil

2013-01-01

In this article, a method for simultaneous removal of calcium, magnesium and chloride by using Mg0.80Al0.20O1.10 as a Magnesium-Aluminum oxide (Mg‒Al oxide) was investigated. Mg‒Al oxide obtained by thermal decomposition of the Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (Mg-Al LDH). The synthesized Mg‒Al oxide were characterized with respect to nitrogen physicosorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scan electron microscopy (FESEM) morphology. Due to high anion-exchange capacity of Mg‒Al oxide, it was employed in simultaneously removal of Cl(-), Mg(+2) and Ca(+2) from distiller waste of a sodium carbonate production factory. For this purpose, experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of quantity of Mg‒Al oxide, temperature and time on the removal process. The removal of Cl(-), Mg(+2) and Ca(+2) from wastewater was found 93.9%, 93.74% and 93.25% at 60°C after 0.5 h, respectively. Results showed that the removal of Cl(-), Mg(+2) and Ca(+2) by Mg‒Al oxide increased with increasing temperature, time and Mg‒Al oxide quantity.

Highly selective coextraction of rhodamine B and dibenzyl phthalate based on high-density dual-template imprinted shells on silica microparticles.

PubMed

Long, Zerong; Xu, Weiwei; Peng, Yumei; Lu, Yi; Luo, Qian; Qiu, Hongdeng

2017-01-01

A simple one-pot approach based on molecularly imprinted polymer shells dispersed on the surface of silica for simultaneous determination of rhodamine B and dibenzyl phthalate (DBzP) has been developed. Highly dense molecularly imprinted polymer shells were formed in the mixture of acetonitrile and toluene by the copolymerization of methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, as well as two templates, rhodamine B and dibenzyl phthalate, directed by the vinyl end groups functional monolayer at surface silica microspheres after 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane modification. The obtained imprinted polymer shells showed large average pore diameter (102.5 nm) and about 100 nm shell thickness. The imprinted particles also showed high imprinting factor (α RhB = 3.52 and α DBzP = 3.94), rapid binding kinetics, and excellent selective affinity capacity for rhodamine B and dibenzyl phthalate containing another three competitors in mixed solution. Moreover, the imprinted particles coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography was successfully applied to simultaneous analysis of rhodamine B and dibenzyl phthalate in two spiked beverage samples with average recoveries in the range of 88.0-93.0% for rhodamine B and 84.0-92.0% for dibenzyl phthalate with the relative standard deviation lower than 5.1%. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Flexible and transparent polyimide films containing two-dimensional alumina nanosheets templated by graphene oxide for improved barrier property.

PubMed

Tseng, I-Hsiang; Tsai, Mei-Hui; Chung, Chi-Wei

2014-08-13

Unique two-dimensional alumina nanosheets (Alns) using graphene oxide (GO) as templates are fabricated and successfully incorporated with organo-soluble polyimide (PI) to obtain highly transparent PI nanocomposite films with improved moisture barrier property. The effects of filler types and contents on water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and transparency of PI are systematically studied. The hydroxyl groups on GO react with aluminum isopropoxide via sol-gel process to obtain alumina coverd-GO (Al-GO), and then thermal decomposition is applied to obtain Alns. Alns are the most efficient fillers among others to restrict the diffusion of water vapor within PI matrix and simultaneously maintain the transparency of PI. XRD pattern, TEM, and AFM images confirm the sheet-like morphology of Alns with ultrahigh aspect ratio. With only 0.01 wt % of Alns, the PI nanocomposite film exhibits the most significant reduction of 95% in WVTR as compared to that of pure PI film. Most importantly, the resultant PI/Alns-0.01 film exhibits excellent optical transparency and high mechanical strength and great thermal stability.

Simultaneous observation solutions for NASA-MOTS and SPEOPT station positions on the North American datum

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reece, J. S.; Marsh, J.

1973-01-01

Simultaneous observations of the GEOS-I and II flashing lamps by the NASA MOTS and SPEOPT cameras on the North American Datum (NAD) were analyzed using geometrical techniques to provide an adjustment of the station coordinates. Two separate adjustments were obtained. An optical data only solution was computed in which the solution scale was provided by the Rosman-Mojave distance obtained from a dynamic station solution. In a second adjustment, scaling was provided by processing simultaneous laser ranging data from Greenbelt and Wallops Island in a combined optical-laser solution. Comparisons of these results with previous GSFC dynamical solutions indicate an rms agreement on the order of 4 meters or better in each coordinate. Comparison with a detailed gravimetric geoid of North America yields agreement of 3 meters or better for mainland U.S. stations and 7 and 3 meters, respectively, for Bermuda and Puerto Rico.

Simultaneous organic matter removal and nitrification of an inert self-supporting immersed media to upgrade aerated lagoons.

PubMed

Boutet, E; Baillargeon, S; Patry, B; Lessard, P

2018-01-01

A pilot study was performed to evaluate the potential of an inert self-supported immersed fixed film media to upgrade aerated lagoons. Simultaneous organic matter removal and nitrification was assessed under different loading rates and temperatures (near 0 °C) using 12 laboratory-scale reactors operated in parallel. Test results showed that both the temperature and the load have an influence on organic matter effluent concentrations. Effluent quality seemed related to the observed biofilm thickness. Thicker biofilm is believed to have contributed to biomass detachment and increased particulate organic matter concentrations in the effluent. Simultaneous organic removal and nitrification was obtained at loads above 5 g CBOD 5 /m 2 ·d. The highest nitrification rate at 0.4 °C was obtained for the smallest load, which showed a nitrification limitation close to freezing point.

Triple Resonance Solid State NMR Experiments with Reduced Dimensionality Evolution Periods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Astrof, Nathan S.; Lyon, Charles E.; Griffin, Robert G.

2001-10-01

Two solid state NMR triple resonance experiments which utilize the simultaneous incrementation of two chemical shift evolution periods to obtain a spectrum with reduced dimensionality are described. The CON CA experiment establishes the correlation of 13Ci-1 to 13Cαi and 15Ni by simultaneously encoding the 13COi-1 and 15Ni chemical shifts. The CAN COCA experiment establishes the correlation 13Cai and 15COi to 13Cαi-1 and 15Ni-1 within a single experiment by simultaneous encoding of the 13Cαi and 15Ni chemical shifts. This experiment establishes sequential amino acid correlations in close analogy to the solution state HNCA experiment. Reduced dimensionality 2D experiments are a practical alternative to recording multiple 3D data sets for the purpose of obtaining sequence-specific resonance assignments of peptides and proteins in the solid state.

Multimodality hard-x-ray imaging of a chromosome with nanoscale spatial resolution

DOE PAGES

Yan, Hanfei; Nazaretski, Evgeny; Lauer, Kenneth R.; ...

2016-02-05

Here, we developed a scanning hard x-ray microscope using a new class of x-ray nano-focusing optic called a multilayer Laue lens and imaged a chromosome with nanoscale spatial resolution. The combination of the hard x-ray's superior penetration power, high sensitivity to elemental composition, high spatial-resolution and quantitative analysis creates a unique tool with capabilities that other microscopy techniques cannot provide. Using this microscope, we simultaneously obtained absorption-, phase-, and fluorescence-contrast images of Pt-stained human chromosome samples. The high spatial-resolution of the microscope and its multi-modality imaging capabilities enabled us to observe the internal ultra-structures of a thick chromosome without sectioningmore » it.« less

Multimodality hard-x-ray imaging of a chromosome with nanoscale spatial resolution

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yan, Hanfei; Nazaretski, Evgeny; Lauer, Kenneth R.

Here, we developed a scanning hard x-ray microscope using a new class of x-ray nano-focusing optic called a multilayer Laue lens and imaged a chromosome with nanoscale spatial resolution. The combination of the hard x-ray's superior penetration power, high sensitivity to elemental composition, high spatial-resolution and quantitative analysis creates a unique tool with capabilities that other microscopy techniques cannot provide. Using this microscope, we simultaneously obtained absorption-, phase-, and fluorescence-contrast images of Pt-stained human chromosome samples. The high spatial-resolution of the microscope and its multi-modality imaging capabilities enabled us to observe the internal ultra-structures of a thick chromosome without sectioningmore » it.« less

Measurement of body temperature by use of auricular thermometers versus rectal thermometers in dogs with otitis externa.

PubMed

González, A Michelle; Mann, F A; Preziosi, Diane E; Meadows, Richard L; Wagner-Mann, Colette C

2002-08-01

To compare measurements of body temperature obtained with auricular thermometers versus rectal thermometers in dogs with otitis externa. Prospective study. 100 client-owned dogs: 50 with and 50 without clinical evidence of otitis externa. Dogs were evaluated for the presence of otitis externa on the basis of clinical signs, otoscopic examination, and cytologic evaluation of ear exudate. Auricular and rectal temperatures were obtained simultaneously in all dogs prior to and following ear examination. There was a high correlation between auricular and rectal temperatures in dogs with otitis externa both prior to and after ear manipulation. Significant differences were not detected in temperature measurements among dogs with different degrees of otitis externa. Auricular temperature readings obtained by use of an auricular thermometer in dogs with otitis externa are accurate measurements of body temperature, compared with rectal temperature measurements. Temperature measurements are reliable before and after examination of the ear canal.

VizieR Online Data Catalog: SCUBA-2 high-redshift galaxies sample (Barger+, 2014)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barger, A. J.; Cowie, L. L.; Chen, C.-C.; Owen, F. N.; Wang, W.-H.; Casey, C. M.; Lee, N.; Sanders, D. B.; Williams, J. P.

2017-05-01

We obtained 25.4 hr of observations on the CDF-N with SCUBA-2 on the JCMT during observing runs in 2012 and 2013. The data were obtained using a mixture of scanning modes and under a variety of weather conditions. Using the CV Daisy scanning mode (detailed information about the SCUBA-2 scan patterns can be found in Holland et al. 2013MNRAS.430.2513H), we obtained a 2.2 hr observation in band 1 weather (225 GHz opacity<0.05) and a 16.5 hr observation in band 2 weather (225 GHz opacity ~0.05-0.08). We also obtained a 6.7 hr observation in band 2 weather using the pong-900 scanning mode. While SCUBA-2 observes at both 450 um and 850 um simultaneously, there are too few sources directly detected at 450 um in our data to be interesting. Thus, we only use the 850 um data in our subsequent analysis. (1 data file).

Experimental investigation of the velocity field in buoyant diffusion flames using PIV and TPIV algorithm

Treesearch

L. Sun; X. Zhou; S.M. Mahalingam; D.R. Weise

2005-01-01

We investigated a simultaneous temporally and spatially resolved 2-D velocity field above a burning circular pan of alcohol using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The results obtained from PIV were used to assess a thermal particle image velocimetry (TPIV) algorithm previously developed to approximate the velocity field using the temperature field, simultaneously...

Enhanced production of bioethanol from waste of beer fermentation broth at high temperature through consecutive batch strategy by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation.

PubMed

Khattak, Waleed Ahmad; Khan, Taous; Ha, Jung Hwan; Ul-Islam, Mazhar; Kang, Min-Kyung; Park, Joong Kon

2013-10-10

Malt hydrolyzing enzymes and yeast glycolytic and fermentation enzymes in the waste from beer fermentation broth (WBFB) were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A new 'one-pot consecutive batch strategy' was developed for efficient bio-ethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) using WBFB without additional enzymes, microbial cells, or carbohydrates. Bio-ethanol production was conducted in batches using WBFB supernatant in the first phase at 25-67°C and 50rpm, followed by the addition of 3% WBFB solid residue to the existing culture broth in the second phase at 67°C. The ethanol production increased from 50 to 102.5g/L when bare supernatant was used in the first phase, and then to 219g ethanol/L in the second phase. The amount of ethanol obtained using this strategy was almost equal to that obtained using the original WBFB containing 25% solid residue at 33°C, and more than double that obtained when bare supernatant was used. Microscopic and gel electrophoresis studies revealed yeast cell wall degradation and secretion of cellular material into the surrounding medium. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) supported the existence of enzymes in WBFB involved in bioethanol production at elevated temperatures. The results of this study will provide insight for the development of new strategies for biofuel production. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Optical memories in digital computing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alford, C. O.; Gaylord, T. K.

1979-01-01

High capacity optical memories with relatively-high data-transfer rate and multiport simultaneous access capability may serve as basis for new computer architectures. Several computer structures that might profitably use memories are: a) simultaneous record-access system, b) simultaneously-shared memory computer system, and c) parallel digital processing structure.

GLADIATOR: a global approach for elucidating disease modules.

PubMed

Silberberg, Yael; Kupiec, Martin; Sharan, Roded

2017-05-26

Understanding the genetic basis of disease is an important challenge in biology and medicine. The observation that disease-related proteins often interact with one another has motivated numerous network-based approaches for deciphering disease mechanisms. In particular, protein-protein interaction networks were successfully used to illuminate disease modules, i.e., interacting proteins working in concert to drive a disease. The identification of these modules can further our understanding of disease mechanisms. We devised a global method for the prediction of multiple disease modules simultaneously named GLADIATOR (GLobal Approach for DIsease AssociaTed mOdule Reconstruction). GLADIATOR relies on a gold-standard disease phenotypic similarity to obtain a pan-disease view of the underlying modules. To traverse the search space of potential disease modules, we applied a simulated annealing algorithm aimed at maximizing the correlation between module similarity and the gold-standard phenotypic similarity. Importantly, this optimization is employed over hundreds of diseases simultaneously. GLADIATOR's predicted modules highly agree with current knowledge about disease-related proteins. Furthermore, the modules exhibit high coherence with respect to functional annotations and are highly enriched with known curated pathways, outperforming previous methods. Examination of the predicted proteins shared by similar diseases demonstrates the diverse role of these proteins in mediating related processes across similar diseases. Last, we provide a detailed analysis of the suggested molecular mechanism predicted by GLADIATOR for hyperinsulinism, suggesting novel proteins involved in its pathology. GLADIATOR predicts disease modules by integrating knowledge of disease-related proteins and phenotypes across multiple diseases. The predicted modules are functionally coherent and are more in line with current biological knowledge compared to modules obtained using previous disease-centric methods. The source code for GLADIATOR can be downloaded from http://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~roded/GLADIATOR.zip .

Self-Driven Photoelectrochemical Splitting of H2S for S and H2 Recovery and Simultaneous Electricity Generation.

PubMed

Luo, Tao; Bai, Jing; Li, Jinhua; Zeng, Qingyi; Ji, Youzhi; Qiao, Li; Li, Xiaoyan; Zhou, Baoxue

2017-11-07

A novel, facile self-driven photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) system was established for highly selective and efficient recovery of H 2 S and simultaneous electricity production. The key ideas were the self-bias function between a WO 3 photoanode and a Si/PVC photocathode due to their mismatched Fermi levels and the special cyclic redox reaction mechanism of I - /I 3 - . Under solar light, the system facilitated the separation of holes in the photoanode and electrons in the photocathode, which then generated electricity. Cyclic redox reactions were produced in the photoanode region as follows: I - was transformed into I 3 - by photoholes or hydroxyl radicals, H 2 S was oxidized to S by I 3 - , and I 3 - was then reduced to I - . Meanwhile, H + was efficiently converted to H 2 in the photocathode region. In the system, H 2 S was uniquely oxidized to sulfur but not to polysulfide (S x n- ) because of the mild oxidation capacity of I 3 - . High recovery rates for S and H 2 were obtained up to ∼1.04 mg h -1 cm -1 and ∼0.75 mL h -1 cm -1 , respectively, suggesting that H 2 S was completely converted into H 2 and S. In addition, the output power density of the system reached ∼0.11 mW cm -2 . The proposed PEC-H 2 S system provides a self-sustaining, energy-saving method for simultaneous H 2 S treatment and energy recovery.

Scatter and cross-talk corrections in simultaneous Tc-99m/I-123 brain SPECT using constrained factor analysis and artificial neural networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fakhri, G. El; Maksud, P.; Kijewski, M. F.; Haberi, M. O.; Todd-Pokropek, A.; Aurengo, A.; Moore, S. C.

2000-08-01

Simultaneous imaging of Tc-99m and I-123 would have a high clinical potential in the assessment of brain perfusion (Tc-99m) and neurotransmission (I-123) but is hindered by cross-talk between the two radionuclides. Monte Carlo simulations of 15 different dual-isotope studies were performed using a digital brain phantom. Several physiologic Tc-99m and I-123 uptake patterns were modeled in the brain structures. Two methods were considered to correct for cross-talk from both scattered and unscattered photons: constrained spectral factor analysis (SFA) and artificial neural networks (ANN). The accuracy and precision of reconstructed pixel values within several brain structures were compared to those obtained with an energy windowing method (WSA). In I-123 images, mean bias was close to 10% in all structures for SFA and ANN and between 14% (in the caudate nucleus) and 25% (in the cerebellum) for WSA. Tc-99m activity was overestimated by 35% in the cortex and 53% in the caudate nucleus with WSA, but by less than 9% in all structures with SFA and ANN. SFA and ANN performed well even in the presence of high-energy I-123 photons. The accuracy was greatly improved by incorporating the contamination into the SFA model or in the learning phase for ANN. SFA and ANN are promising approaches to correct for cross-talk in simultaneous Tc-99m/I-123 SPECT.

Transient Torque Method: A Fast and Non-Intrusive Technique to Simultaneously Determine Viscosity and Electrical Conductivity of Semiconducting and Metallic Melts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Li, C.; Ban, H.; Lin, B.; Scripa, R. N.; Su, C.; Lehoczky, S. L.; Zhu, S.

2003-01-01

A transient torque method was developed to rapidly and simultaneously determine the viscosity and electrical conductivity of semiconducting or metallic melts. The experimental setup is similar to that for the oscillation cup technique. The melt sample is sealed inside a fused silica ampoule, and the ampoule is suspended by a long quartz fiber to form a torsional oscillation system. A rotating magnetic field is used to induce a rotating flow in the conductive melt, which causes the ampoule to rotate along its axis. A sensitive angular detector is used to measure the deflection angle of the ampoule. Based on the transient behavior of the deflection angle as the rotating magnetic field is applied, the electrical conductivity and viscosity of the melt can be obtained simultaneously by numerically fitting the data to a set of governing equations. The transient torque viscometer was applied successfully to measure the viscosity and electrical conductivity of high purity mercury at 53.4 C. The results were in excellent agreement with the published data. The main advantage of the technique is that the measurement can be completed in one or two minutes, as opposed to the one or two-hour measurement time required by the oscillation cup technique. The method is non-intrusive; capable of rapid measurement of the viscosity of toxic, high vapor pressure melts at elevated temperatures. In addition, the transient torque viscometer can also be operated as an oscillation cup viscometer if desired.

Transient Torque Method: A Fast and Nonintrusive Technique to Simultaneously Determine Viscosity and Electrical Conductivity of Semiconducting and Metallic Melts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Li, C.; Ban, H.; Lin, B.; Scripa, R. N.; Su, C.-H.; Lehoczky, S. L.; Zhu, S.

2004-01-01

A transient torque method was developed to rapidly and simultaneously determine the viscosity and electrical conductivity of liquid metals and molten semiconductors. The experimental setup of the transient torque method is similar to that of the oscillation cup method. The melt sample is sealed inside a fused silica ampoule, and the ampoule is suspended by a long quartz fiber to form a torsional oscillation system. A rotating magnetic field is used to induce a rotating flow in the conductive melt, which causes the ampoule to rotate around its vertical axis. A sensitive angular detector is used to measure the deflection angle of the ampoule. Based on the transient behavior of the deflection angle as the rotating magnetic field is applied, the electrical conductivity and viscosity of the melt can be obtained simultaneously by numerically fitting the data to a set of governing equations. The transient torque viscometer was applied successfully to measure the viscosity and electrical conductivity of high purity mercury at 53.4 C. The results were in excellent agreement with published data. The method is nonintrusive; capable of rapid measurement of the viscosity of toxic, high vapor pressure melts at elevated temperatures. In addition, the transient torque viscometer can also be operated as an oscillation cup viscometer to measure just the viscosity of the melt or as a rotating magnetic field method to determine the electrical conductivity of a melt or a solid if desired.

A new method for simultaneous detection and discrimination of Bovine herpesvirus types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) using real time PCR with high resolution melting (HRM) analysis.

PubMed

Marin, M S; Quintana, S; Leunda, M R; Recavarren, M; Pagnuco, I; Späth, E; Pérez, S; Odeón, A

2016-01-01

Bovine herpesvirus types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) are antigenically and genetically similar. The aim of this study was to develop a simple and reliable one-step real time PCR assay with high resolution melting (HRM) analysis for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5. Optimization of assay conditions was performed with DNA from reference strains. Then, DNA from field isolates, clinical samples and tissue samples of experimentally infected animals were studied by real time PCR-HRM. An efficient amplification of real time PCR products was obtained, and a clear melting curve and appropriate melting peaks for both viruses were achieved in the HRM curve analysis for BoHV type identification. BoHV was identified in all of the isolates and clinical samples, and BoHV types were properly differentiated. Furthermore, viral DNA was detected in 12/18 and 7/18 samples from BoHV-1- and BoHV-5-infected calves, respectively. Real time PCR-HRM achieved a higher sensitivity compared with virus isolation or conventional PCR. In this study, HRM was used as a novel procedure. This method provides rapid, sensitive, specific and simultaneous detection of bovine alpha-herpesviruses DNA. Thus, this technique is an excellent tool for diagnosis, research and epidemiological studies of these viruses in cattle. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Semiconductor laser-based optoelectronics oscillators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yao, X. S.; Maleki, Lute; Wu, Chi; Davis, Lawrence J.; Forouhar, Siamak

1998-08-01

We demonstrate the realization of coupled opto-electronic oscillators (COEO) with different semiconductor lasers, including a ring laser, a Fabry-Perot laser, and a colliding pulse mode-locked laser. Each COEO can simultaneously generate short optical pulses and spectrally pure RF signals. With these devices, we obtained optical pulses as short as 6 picoseconds and RF signals as high in frequency as 18 GHz with a spectral purity comparable with a HP8561B synthesizer. These experiments demonstrate that COEOs are promising compact sources for generating low jitter optical pulses and low phase noise RF/millimeter wave signals.

Evidence for the existence of negative ions in the D and lower E regions at twilight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kane, J. A.

1972-01-01

Evidence for negative ions in the lower ionosphere is based on the difference between simultaneously measured profiles of electron and positive ion density. The electron density profiles reported were obtained from ground-to-rocket radio wave absorption measurements while Gerdien ion traps were used to measure the positive ion profiles. Results from a series of three rockets launched from Thumba, India near sunset on 27 March, 1970 indicate that a significant number of negative ions are formed at altitudes as high as 95 km at twilight.

Fast X-ray imaging of cavitating flows

DOE PAGES

Khlifa, Ilyass; Vabre, Alexandre; Hočevar, Marko; ...

2017-10-20

A new method based on ultra-fast X-ray imaging was developed in this work for simultaneous investigations of the dynamics and the structures of complex two-phase flows. Here in this paper, cavitation was created inside a millimetric 2D Venturi-type test section, while seeding particles were injected into the flow. Thanks to the phase-contrast enhancement technique provided by the APS (Advanced Photon Source) synchrotron beam, high definition X-ray images of the complex cavitating flows were obtained. These images contain valuable information about both the liquid and the gaseous phases. By means of image processing, the two phases were separated, and velocity fieldsmore » of each phase were therefore calculated using image cross-correlations. The local vapour volume fractions were also obtained thanks to the local intensity levels within the recorded images. These simultaneous measurements, provided by this new technique, afford more insight into the structure and the dynamic of two-phase flows as well as the interactions between then, and hence enable to improve our understanding of their behavior. In the case of cavitating flows inside a Venturi-type test section, the X-ray measurements demonstrates, for the first time, the presence of significant slip velocities between the phases within sheet cavities for both steady and unsteady flow configurations.« less

Fast X-ray imaging of cavitating flows

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Khlifa, Ilyass; Vabre, Alexandre; Hočevar, Marko

A new method based on ultra-fast X-ray imaging was developed in this work for simultaneous investigations of the dynamics and the structures of complex two-phase flows. Here in this paper, cavitation was created inside a millimetric 2D Venturi-type test section, while seeding particles were injected into the flow. Thanks to the phase-contrast enhancement technique provided by the APS (Advanced Photon Source) synchrotron beam, high definition X-ray images of the complex cavitating flows were obtained. These images contain valuable information about both the liquid and the gaseous phases. By means of image processing, the two phases were separated, and velocity fieldsmore » of each phase were therefore calculated using image cross-correlations. The local vapour volume fractions were also obtained thanks to the local intensity levels within the recorded images. These simultaneous measurements, provided by this new technique, afford more insight into the structure and the dynamic of two-phase flows as well as the interactions between then, and hence enable to improve our understanding of their behavior. In the case of cavitating flows inside a Venturi-type test section, the X-ray measurements demonstrates, for the first time, the presence of significant slip velocities between the phases within sheet cavities for both steady and unsteady flow configurations.« less

Design and Test of a Hybrid Foot Force Sensing and GPS System for Richer User Mobility Activity Recognition

PubMed Central

Zhang, Zelun; Poslad, Stefan

2013-01-01

Wearable and accompanied sensors and devices are increasingly being used for user activity recognition. However, typical GPS-based and accelerometer-based (ACC) methods face three main challenges: a low recognition accuracy; a coarse recognition capability, i.e., they cannot recognise both human posture (during travelling) and transportation mode simultaneously, and a relatively high computational complexity. Here, a new GPS and Foot-Force (GPS + FF) sensor method is proposed to overcome these challenges that leverages a set of wearable FF sensors in combination with GPS, e.g., in a mobile phone. User mobility activities that can be recognised include both daily user postures and common transportation modes: sitting, standing, walking, cycling, bus passenger, car passenger (including private cars and taxis) and car driver. The novelty of this work is that our approach provides a more comprehensive recognition capability in terms of reliably recognising both human posture and transportation mode simultaneously during travel. In addition, by comparing the new GPS + FF method with both an ACC method (62% accuracy) and a GPS + ACC based method (70% accuracy) as baseline methods, it obtains a higher accuracy (95%) with less computational complexity, when tested on a dataset obtained from ten individuals. PMID:24189333

A multidimensional high performance liquid chromatography method coupled with amperometric detection using a boron-doped diamond electrode for the simultaneous determination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in bovine milk.

PubMed

Andrade, Leonardo S; de Moraes, Marcela C; Rocha-Filho, Romeu C; Fatibello-Filho, Orlando; Cass, Quezia B

2009-11-10

The development and validation of a multidimensional HPLC method using an on-line clean-up column coupled with amperometric detection employing a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode for the simultaneous determination of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) in bovine milk are presented. Aliquots of pre-prepared skim-milk samples were directly injected into a RAM octyl-BSA column in order to remove proteins that otherwise would interfere with milk analysis. After exclusion of the milk proteins, SMX and TMP were transferred to the analytical column (an octyl column) and the separation of the compounds from one another and from other endogenous milk components was achieved. SMX and TMP were detected amperometrically at 1.25V vs. Ag/AgCl (3.0molL(-1) KCl). Results with good linearity in the concentration ranges 50-800 and 25-400microgL(-1) for SMX and TMP, respectively, were obtained and no fouling of the BDD electrode was observed within the experimental period of several hours. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were less than 10% for both drugs and the obtained LOD values for SMX and TMP were 25.0 and 15.0microgL(-1), respectively.

Simultaneous functional near-infrared brain imaging and event-related potential studies of Stroop effect

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhai, Jiahuan; Li, Ting; Zhang, Zhongxing; Gong, Hui

2009-02-01

Functional near-infrared brain imaging (fNIRI) and event-related potential (ERP) were used simultaneous to detect the prefrontal cortex (PFC) which is considered to execute cognitive control of the subjects while performing the Chinese characters color-word matching Stroop task with event-related design. The fNIRI instrument is a portable system operating at three wavelengths (735nm & 805nm &850nm) with continuous-wave. The event-related potentials were acquired by Neuroscan system. The locations of optodes corresponding to the electrodes were defined four areas symmetrically. In nine native Chinese-speaking fit volunteers, fNIRI measured the hemodynamic parameters (involving oxy-/deoxy- hemoglobin) changes when the characteristic waveforms (N500/P600) were recorded by ERP. The interference effect was obvious as a longer reaction time for incongruent than congruent and neutral stimulus. The responses of hemodynamic and electrophysiology were also stronger during incongruent compared to congruent and neutral trials, and these results are similar to those obtained with fNIRI or ERP separately. There are high correlations, even linear relationship, in the two kinds of signals. In conclusion, the multi-modality approach combining of fNIRI and ERP is feasible and could obtain more cognitive function information with hemodynamic and electrophysiology signals. It also provides a perspective to prove the neurovascular coupling mechanism.

Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enterica Typhimurium in meat and meat products using multiplex polymerase chain reaction

PubMed Central

Latha, C.; Anu, C. J.; Ajaykumar, V. J.; Sunil, B.

2017-01-01

Aim: The objective of the study was to investigate the occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enterica Typhimurium in meat and meat products using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Materials and Methods: The assay combined an enrichment step in tryptic soy broth with yeast extract formulated for the simultaneous growth of target pathogens, DNA isolation and multiplex PCR. A total of 1134 samples including beef (n=349), chicken (n=325), pork (n=310), chevon (n=50), and meat products (n=100) were collected from different parts of Kerala, India. All the samples were subjected to multiplex PCR analysis and culture-based detection for the four pathogens in parallel. Results: Overall occurrence of L. monocytogenes was 0.08 % by cultural method. However, no L. monocytogenes was obtained by multiplex PCR method. Yersinia enterocolitica was obtained from beef and pork samples. A high prevalence of S. aureus (46.7%) was found in all types of meat samples tested. None of the samples was positive for S. Typhimurium. Conclusion: Multiplex PCR assay used in this study can detect more than one pathogen simultaneously by amplifying more than one target gene in a single reaction, which can save time and labor cost. PMID:28919685

Hard X-ray Ptychography: Making It Cool, Colorful and Fast

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deng, Junjing

Ptychography is a recently developed coherent imaging technique for extended objects, with a resolution not limited by the lens. Because X-rays have short wavelengths and high penetration ability, X-ray ptychography provides a powerful and unique tool for studying thick samples at high spatial resolution. We have advanced X-ray ptychography by making it cool, colorful, and fast. We make it cool by carrying out ptychography experiments at cryogenic conditions to image frozen-hydrated specimens. This largely removes the limitations of radiation damage on the achievable resolution, and allows one to obtain excellent preservation of structure and chemistry in biological specimens. We make it colorful by combining it with X-ray fluorescence measurements of chemical element distributions. In studies of biological specimens, this means that ptychography can reveal cellular ultrastructure at high contrast and at a resolution well beyond that of X-ray focusing optics, while X-ray fluorescence is used to simultaneously image the distribution of trace elements in cells (such as metals that play key roles in cell functions and which can be used in various disease therapeutic agents). Because X-ray fluorescence is not very sensitive for showing the light elements that comprise the majority of cellular materials, this combined approach provides the unique tool to obtain simultaneous views of ultrastructure and elemental compositions of specimens. We make it fast by using continuous-scan (or "fly-scan") methods. Conventional ptychography is implemented in a move-settle-measure approach, which is slow due to the positioning overheads. To overcome this bottleneck, we have developed fly-scan ptychography that is able to speed up the data collection, and real time on-site data analysis can be achieved by using a parallelized reconstruction code. With these advances, we conducted combined cryo X-ray ptychography and fluorescence imaging at 5.2 keV in a more practical way using fly scan, well-preserved cryogenic samples and rapid reconstructions, and obtained images of a whole frozen-hydrated eukaryotic cell at 18 nm resolution which we believe to be the highest spatial resolution obtained in X-ray imaging of frozen-hydrated biological samples to date. After a successful demonstration of fly-scan 3D ptychography on a gold test sample, we also obtained fly-scan 3D ptychography and fluorescence data on frozen-hydrated cells with an imaging speedup of factor more than 7. Finally, we applied fly-scan X-ray ptychography on un-thinned integrated circuits (ICs) using 10 keV X-rays, and were able to see the circuit details within the thick IC chips with a high resolution of 11.6 nm. All of these achievements point the way toward high-speed X-ray imaging without lens-imposed resolution limit.

Adaptive optics with a magnetic deformable mirror: applications in the human eye

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fernandez, Enrique J.; Vabre, Laurent; Hermann, Boris; Unterhuber, Angelika; Povazay, Boris; Drexler, Wolfgang

2006-10-01

A novel deformable mirror using 52 independent magnetic actuators (MIRAO 52, Imagine Eyes) is presented and characterized for ophthalmic applications. The capabilities of the device to reproduce different surfaces, in particular Zernike polynomials up to the fifth order, are investigated in detail. The study of the influence functions of the deformable mirror reveals a significant linear response with the applied voltage. The correcting device also presents a high fidelity in the generation of surfaces. The ranges of production of Zernike polynomials fully cover those typically found in the human eye, even for the cases of highly aberrated eyes. Data from keratoconic eyes are confronted with the obtained ranges, showing that the deformable mirror is able to compensate for these strong aberrations. Ocular aberration correction with polychromatic light, using a near Gaussian spectrum of 130 nm full width at half maximum centered at 800 nm, in five subjects is accomplished by simultaneously using the deformable mirror and an achromatizing lens, in order to compensate for the monochromatic and chromatic aberrations, respectively. Results from living eyes, including one exhibiting 4.66 D of myopia and a near pathologic cornea with notable high order aberrations, show a practically perfect aberration correction. Benefits and applications of simultaneous monochromatic and chromatic aberration correction are finally discussed in the context of retinal imaging and vision.

Generation and Amplification of Tunable Multicolored Femtosecond Laser Pulses by Using Cascaded Four-Wave Mixing in Transparent Bulk Media

PubMed Central

Liu, Jun; Kobayashi, Takayoshi

2010-01-01

We have reviewed the generation and amplification of wavelength-tunable multicolored femtosecond laser pulses using cascaded four-wave mixing (CFWM) in transparent bulk media, mainly concentrating on our recent work. Theoretical analysis and calculations based on the phase-matching condition could explain well the process semi-quantitatively. The experimental studies showed: (1) as many as fifteen spectral up-shifted and two spectral down-shifted sidebands were obtained simultaneously with spectral bandwidth broader than 1.8 octaves from near ultraviolet (360 nm) to near infrared (1.2 μm); (2) the obtained sidebands were spatially separated well and had extremely high beam quality with M2 factor better than 1.1; (3) the wavelengths of the generated multicolor sidebands could be conveniently tuned by changing the crossing angle or simply replacing with different media; (4) as short as 15-fs negatively chirped or nearly transform limited 20-fs multicolored femtosecond pulses were obtained when one of the two input beams was negatively chirped and the other was positively chirped; (5) the pulse energy of the sideband can reach a μJ level with power stability better than 1% RMS; (6) broadband two-dimensional (2-D) multicolored arrays with more than ten periodic columns and more than ten rows were generated in a sapphire plate; (7) the obtained sidebands could be simultaneously spectra broadened and power amplified in another bulk medium by using cross-phase modulation (XPM) in conjunction with four-wave optical parametric amplification (FOPA). The characterization showed that this is interesting and the CFWM sidebands generated by this novel method have good enough qualities in terms of power stability, beam quality, and temporal features suited to various experiments such as ultrafast multicolor time-resolved spectroscopy and multicolor-excitation nonlinear microscopy. PMID:22399882

Ultrasound-assisted preparation of electrospun carbon nanofiber/graphene composite electrode for supercapacitors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dong, Qiang; Wang, Gang; Hu, Han; Yang, Juan; Qian, Bingqing; Ling, Zheng; Qiu, Jieshan

2013-12-01

Electrospun carbon nanofiber/graphene (CNF/G) composites are prepared by in situ electrospinning polymeric nanofibers with simultaneous spraying graphene oxide, followed by heat treatment. The freestanding carbon nanofiber web acts as a framework for sustaining graphene, which helps to prevent the agglomeration of graphene and to provide a high conductivity for the efficient charge transfer to the pores. The as-obtained CNF/G composite exhibits a specific capacitance of 183 F g-1, which is approximately 1.6 times higher than that of the pristine CNF. The results have demonstrated that the high performance of the CNF/G composite is due to the novel structure and the synergic effect of graphene and the carbon nanofibers.

Enzymatic and Microbial Preparation of d-Xylulose from d-Xylose

PubMed Central

Chiang, Lin-Chang; Hsiao, Humg-Yu; Ueng, Pear P.; Tsao, George T.

1981-01-01

A high-d-xylulose mixture (d-xylose-d-xylulose = 33:67) was prepared from the cold ethanol extract of preisomerized d-xylose solution (d-xylose-d-xylulose = 77:23). Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini and Aspergillus niger were demonstrated to preferentially utilize d-xylose in the mixture of d-xylose and d-xylulose. Chromatographically pure d-xylulose was thus obtained in 90% yield. A high-d-xylulose mixture was also incubated with Rhodotorula toruloides, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida utilis, or Mucor rouxii.d-Xylose and d-xylulose were simultaneously consumed. When borate was added to the mixture, a d-xylulose-borate complex was formed, and it could be used to protect d-xylulose from being utilized. PMID:16345816

Single-Shot Spectrally Resolved UV Rayleigh Scattering Measurements in High Speed Flow

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Seasholtz, Richard G.

1996-01-01

A single-shot UV molecular Rayleigh scattering technique to measure velocity in high speed flow is described. The beam from an injection-seeded, frequency quadrupled Nd:YAG laser (266 nm) is focused to a line in a free air jet with velocities up to Mach 1.3. Rayleigh scattered light is imaged through a planar mirror Fabry-Perot interferometer onto a Charged Coupled Device (CCD) array detector. Some laser light is also simultaneously imaged through the Fabry-Perot to provide a frequency reference. Two velocity measurements are obtained from each image. Multiple-pulse data are also given. The Rayleigh scattering velocity data show good agreement with velocities calculated from isentropic flow relations.

Thin-film amperometric multibiosensor for simultaneous determination of lactate and glucose in wine.

PubMed

Shkotova, Lyudmyla V; Piechniakova, Nataliia Y; Kukla, Oleksandr L; Dzyadevych, Sergei V

2016-04-15

An amperometric multi-biosensor based on lactate and glucose oxidases has been developed for determination of lactate and glucose in wine. Gold thin-film amperometric electrodes were used as multi-transducers. Analytical characteristics of the multi-biosensor developed were studied. The minimum detectable concentration was 5×10(-6) mol/l for both glucose and lactate. High reproducibility and storage stability of the multi-biosensor are demonstrated in this paper. Lactate and glucose were determined in wine, and a good correlation was obtained with concentrations determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (correlation coefficient for glucose R(2)=0.998, for lactate R(2)=0.718). Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Thermal and Optical Activation Mechanisms of Nanospring-Based Chemiresistors

PubMed Central

Dobrokhotov, Vladimir; Oakes, Landon; Sowell, Dewayne; Larin, Alexander; Hall, Jessica; Barzilov, Alexander; Kengne, Alex; Bakharev, Pavel; Corti, Giancarlo; Cantrell, Timothy; Prakash, Tej; Williams, Joseph; Bergman, Leah; Huso, Jesse; McIlroy, David

2012-01-01

Chemiresistors (conductometric sensor) were fabricated on the basis of novel nanomaterials—silica nanosprings ALD coated with ZnO. The effects of high temperature and UV illumination on the electronic and gas sensing properties of chemiresistors are reported. For the thermally activated chemiresistors, a discrimination mechanism was developed and an integrated sensor-array for simultaneous real-time resistance scans was built. The integrated sensor response was tested using linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The distinguished electronic signatures of various chemical vapors were obtained at ppm level. It was found that the recovery rate at high temperature drastically increases upon UV illumination. The feasibility study of the activation method by UV illumination at room temperature was conducted. PMID:22778604

Micromachined array tip for multifocus fiber-based optical coherence tomography.

PubMed

Yang, Victor X D; Munce, Nigel; Pekar, Julius; Gordon, Maggie L; Lo, Stewart; Marcon, Norman E; Wilson, Brian C; Vitkin, I Alex

2004-08-01

High-resolution optical coherence tomography demands a large detector bandwidth and a high numerical aperture for real-time imaging, which is difficult to achieve over a large imaging depth. To resolve these conflicting requirements we propose a novel multifocus fiber-based optical coherence tomography system with a micromachined array tip. We demonstrate the fabrication of a prototype four-channel tip that maintains a 9-14-microm spot diameter with more than 500 microm of imaging depth. Images of a resolution target and a human tooth were obtained with this tip by use of a four-channel cascaded Michelson fiber-optic interferometer, scanned simultaneously at 8 kHz with geometric power distribution across the four channels.

A Novel Triplex Quantitative PCR Strategy for Quantification of Toxigenic and Nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae in Aquatic Environments

PubMed Central

Bliem, Rupert; Schauer, Sonja; Plicka, Helga; Obwaller, Adelheid; Sommer, Regina; Steinrigl, Adolf; Alam, Munirul; Reischer, Georg H.; Farnleitner, Andreas H.

2015-01-01

Vibrio cholerae is a severe human pathogen and a frequent member of aquatic ecosystems. Quantification of V. cholerae in environmental water samples is therefore fundamental for ecological studies and health risk assessment. Beside time-consuming cultivation techniques, quantitative PCR (qPCR) has the potential to provide reliable quantitative data and offers the opportunity to quantify multiple targets simultaneously. A novel triplex qPCR strategy was developed in order to simultaneously quantify toxigenic and nontoxigenic V. cholerae in environmental water samples. To obtain quality-controlled PCR results, an internal amplification control was included. The qPCR assay was specific, highly sensitive, and quantitative across the tested 5-log dynamic range down to a method detection limit of 5 copies per reaction. Repeatability and reproducibility were high for all three tested target genes. For environmental application, global DNA recovery (GR) rates were assessed for drinking water, river water, and water from different lakes. GR rates ranged from 1.6% to 76.4% and were dependent on the environmental background. Uncorrected and GR-corrected V. cholerae abundances were determined in two lakes with extremely high turbidity. Uncorrected abundances ranged from 4.6 × 102 to 2.3 × 104 cell equivalents liter−1, whereas GR-corrected abundances ranged from 4.7 × 103 to 1.6 × 106 cell equivalents liter−1. GR-corrected qPCR results were in good agreement with an independent cell-based direct detection method but were up to 1.6 log higher than cultivation-based abundances. We recommend the newly developed triplex qPCR strategy as a powerful tool to simultaneously quantify toxigenic and nontoxigenic V. cholerae in various aquatic environments for ecological studies as well as for risk assessment programs. PMID:25724966

Simultaneous determination of epinephrine and dopamine by electrochemical reduction on the hybrid material SiO₂/graphene oxide decorated with Ag nanoparticles.

PubMed

Cincotto, Fernando H; Canevari, Thiago C; Campos, Anderson M; Landers, Richard; Machado, Sérgio A S

2014-09-21

This paper describes the synthesis, characterization and applications of a new hybrid material composed of mesoporous silica (SiO2) modified with graphene oxide (GO), SiO2/GO, obtained by the sol-gel process using HF as the catalyst. The hybrid material, SiO2/GO, was decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with a size of less than 20 nanometres, prepared directly on the surface of the material using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as the reducing agent. The resulting material was designated as AgNP/SiO2/GO. The Ag/SiO2/GO material was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). A glassy carbon electrode modified with AgNP/SiO2/GO was used in the development of a sensitive electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous determination of epinephrine and dopamine employing electrocatalytic reduction using squarewave voltammetry. Well-defined and separate reduction peaks were observed in PBS buffer at pH 7. No significant interference was seen for primarily biological interferents such as uric acid and ascorbic acid in the detection of dopamine and epinephrine. Our study demonstrated that the resultant AgNP/SiO2/GO-modified electrode is highly sensitive for the simultaneous determination of dopamine and epinephrine, with the limits of detection being 0.26 and 0.27 μmol L(-1), respectively. The AgNP/SiO2/GO-modified electrode is highly selective and can be used to detect dopamine and epinephrine in a human urine sample.

Simultaneous Measurements of CO2 Concentration and Temperature profiles using 1.6 μm DIAL in the Lower-Atmosphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shibata, Y.; Nagasawa, C.; Abo, M.

2016-12-01

High-accurate vertical carbon dioxide (CO2) profiles are highly desirable in the inverse method to improve quantification and understanding of the global sink and source of CO2, and also global climate change. We have developed a ground based 1.6μm differential absorption lidar (DIAL) to achieve measurements of vertical CO2 profiles in the atmosphere. As the spectra of absorption lines of any molecules are influenced basically by the temperature and pressure in the atmosphere, it is important to measure them simultaneously so that the better accuracy of the DIAL measurement is realized. The barometric formula can derive atmospheric pressure of each altitude using atmospheric pressure of ground level at the lidar site. Comparison of atmospheric pressure prlofiles calculated from this equation and those obtained from radiosonde observations at Tateno, Japan are consisted within 0.2 % below 3 km altitude. So, we have developed a 1.6 μm CO2 DIAL system for simultaneous measurements of the CO2 concentration and temperature profiles in the lower-atmosphere. Laser beams of three wavelengths around a CO2 absorption spectrum is transmitted alternately to the atmosphere. Moreover, the value of the retrieved CO2 concentration will be improved remarkably by processing the iteration assignment of CO2 concentration and temperature, which measured by these DIAL techniques. We have acheived vertical CO2 concentration and temperature profile from 0.5 to 2.0 km altitude by this DIAL system. In the next step, we will use this high accuracy CO2 concentration profile and back-trajectory analysis for the behavior analysis of the CO2 mass. This work was financially supported by the System Development Program for Advanced Measurement and Analysis of the Japan Science and Technology Agency.

Simultaneous X-ray and Far-Ultraviolet Spectra of AGN with ASCA and HUT

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kriss, Gerard A.

1997-01-01

We obtained ASCA spectra of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 3516 in March 1995. Simultaneous far-UV observations were obtained with the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope on the Astro-2 shuttle mission. The ASCA spectrum shows a lightly absorbed power law of energy index 0.78. The low energy absorbing column is significantly less than previously seen. Prominent 0 VII and 0 VIII absorption edges are visible, but, consistent with the much lower total absorbing column, no Fe K absorption edge is detectable. A weak, narrow Fe K(alpha) emission line from cold material is present as well as a broad Fe K(alpha) line. These features are similar to those reported in other Seyfert 1 galaxies. A single warm absorber model provides only an imperfect description of the low energy absorption. In addition to a highly ionized absorber with ionization parameter U = 1.66 and a total column density of 1.4 x 10(exp 22)/sq cm, adding a lower ionization absorber with U = 0.32 and a total column of 6.9 x 10(exp 21)/sq cm significantly improves the fit. The contribution of resonant line scattering to our warm absorber models limits the Doppler parameter to less than 160 km/s at 90% confidence. Turbulence at the sound speed of the photoionized gas provides the best fit. None of the warm absorber models fit to the X-ray spectrum can match the observed equivalent widths of all the UV absorption lines. Accounting for the X-ray and UV absorption simultaneously requires an absorbing region with a broad range of ionization parameters and column densities.

Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification with different mixed nitrogen loads by a hypothermia aerobic bacterium.

PubMed

He, Tengxia; Li, Zhenlun; Xie, Deti; Sun, Quan; Xu, Yi; Ye, Qing; Ni, Jiupai

2018-04-01

Microorganism with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification ability plays a significant role in nitrogen removal process, especially in the eutrophic waters with excessive nitrogen loads. The nitrogen removal capacity of microorganism may suffer from low temperature or nitrite nitrogen source. In this study, a hypothermia aerobic nitrite-denitrifying bacterium, Pseudomonas tolaasii strain Y-11, was selected to determine the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification ability with mixed nitrogen source at 15 °C. The sole nitrogen removal efficiencies of strain Y-11 in simulated wastewater were obtained. After 24 h of incubation at 15 °C, the ammonium nitrogen fell below the detection limit from an initial value of 10.99 mg/L. Approximately 88.0 ± 0.33% of nitrate nitrogen was removed with the initial concentration of 11.78 mg/L and the nitrite nitrogen was not detected with the initial concentration of 10.75 mg/L after 48 h of incubation at 15 °C. Additionally, the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification nitrogen removal ability of P. tolaasii strain Y-11 was evaluated using low concentration of mixed NH 4 + -N and NO 3 - -N/NO 2 - -N (about 5 mg/L-N each) and high concentration of mixed NH 4 + -N and NO 3 - -N/NO 2 - -N (about 100 mg/L-N each). There was no nitrite nitrogen accumulation at the time of evaluation. The results demonstrated that P. tolaasii strain Y-11 had higher simultaneous nitrification and denitrification capacity with low concentration of mixed inorganic nitrogen sources and may be applied in low temperature wastewater treatment.

MRI with and without a high-density EEG cap--what makes the difference?

PubMed

Klein, Carina; Hänggi, Jürgen; Luechinger, Roger; Jäncke, Lutz

2015-02-01

Besides the benefit of combining electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), much effort has been spent to develop algorithms aimed at successfully cleaning the EEG data from MRI-related gradient and ballistocardiological artifacts. However, there are also studies showing a negative influence of the EEG on MRI data quality. Therefore, in the present study, we focused for the first time on the influence of the EEG on morphometric measurements of T1-weighted MRI data (voxel- and surfaced-based morphometry). Here, we demonstrate a strong influence of the EEG on cortical thickness, surface area, and volume as well as subcortical volumes due to local EEG-related inhomogeneities of the static magnetic (B0) and the gradient field (B1). In a second step, we analyzed the signal-to-noise ratios for both the anatomical and the functional data when recorded simultaneously with EEG and MRI and compared them to the ratios of the MRI data without simultaneous EEG measurements. These analyses revealed consistently lower signal-to-noise ratios for anatomical as well as functional MRI data during simultaneous EEG registration. In contrast, further analyses of T2*-weighted images provided reliable results independent of whether including the individuals' T1-weighted image with or without the EEG cap in the fMRI preprocessing stream. Based on our findings, we strongly recommend against using the structural images obtained during simultaneous EEG-MRI recordings for further anatomical data analysis. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

SWAYING THREADS OF A SOLAR FILAMENT

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lin, Y.; Engvold, O.; Langangen, Oe.

From recent high-resolution observations obtained with the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope in La Palma, we detect swaying motions of individual filament threads in the plane of the sky. The oscillatory characters of these motions are comparable with oscillatory Doppler signals obtained from corresponding filament threads. Simultaneous recordings of motions in the line of sight and in the plane of the sky give information about the orientation of the oscillatory plane. These oscillations are interpreted in the context of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) theory. Kink MHD waves supported by the thread body are proposed as an explanation of the observed threadmore » oscillations. On the basis of this interpretation and by means of seismological arguments, we give an estimation of the thread Alfven speed and magnetic field strength by means of seismological arguments.« less

Implications of high-spatial-resolution thermal infrared (Termoskan) data for Mars landing site selection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Betts, Bruce H.

1994-01-01

Thermal infrared observations of Mars from spacecraft provide physical information about the upper thermal skin depth of the surface, which is on the order of a few centimeters in depth and thus very significant for lander site selection. The Termoskan instrument onboard the Soviet Phobos '88 spacecraft acquired the highest spatial-resolution thermal infrared data obtained for Mars, ranging in resolution from 300 m to 3 km per pixel. It simultaneously obtained broadband reflected solar flux data. Although the 6 deg N - 30 deg S Termoskan coverage only slightly overlaps the nominal Mars Pathfinder target range, the implications of Termoskan data for that overlap region and the extrapolations that can be made to other regions give important clues for optimal landing site selection.

Extreme AO Observations of Two Triple Asteroid Systems with SPHERE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, B.; Wahhaj, Z.; Beauvalet, L.; Marchis, F.; Dumas, C.; Marsset, M.; Nielsen, E. L.; Vachier, F.

2016-04-01

We present the discovery of a new satellite of asteroid (130) Elektra—S/2014 (130) 1—in differential imaging and in integral field spectroscopy data over multiple epochs obtained with Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet Research/Very Large Telescope. This new (second) moonlet of Elektra is about 2 km across, on an eccentric orbit, and about 500 km away from the primary. For a comparative study, we also observed another triple asteroid system, (93) Minerva. For both systems, component-resolved reflectance spectra of the satellites and primary were obtained simultaneously. No significant spectral difference was observed between the satellites and the primary for either triple system. We find that the moonlets in both systems are more likely to have been created by sub-disruptive impacts as opposed to having been captured.

Two-dimensional real-time imaging system for subtraction angiography using an iodine filter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Umetani, Keiji; Ueda, Ken; Takeda, Tohoru; Anno, Izumi; Itai, Yuji; Akisada, Masayoshi; Nakajima, Teiichi

1992-01-01

A new type of subtraction imaging system was developed using an iodine filter and a single-energy broad bandwidth monochromatized x ray. The x-ray images of coronary arteries made after intravenous injection of a contrast agent are enhanced by an energy-subtraction technique. Filter chopping of the x-ray beam switches energies rapidly, so that a nearly simultaneous pair of filtered and nonfiltered images can be made. By using a high-speed video camera, a pair of two 512 × 512 pixel images can be obtained within 9 ms. Three hundred eighty-four images (raw data) are stored in a 144-Mbyte frame memory. After phantom studies, in vivo subtracted images of coronary arteries in dogs were obtained at a rate of 15 images/s.

Simultaneous quantification of four metabolites of sulfur mustard in urine samples by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after solid phase extraction.

PubMed

Liu, Chang-Cai; Liu, Shi-Lei; Xi, Hai-Ling; Yu, Hui-Lan; Zhou, Shi-Kun; Huang, Gui-Lan; Liang, Long-Hui; Liu, Jing-Quan

2017-04-07

Four HD urinary metabolites including hydrolysis metabolite thiodiglycol (TDG), glutathione-derived metabolite 1,1'-sulfonylbis[2-S-(N-acetylcysteinyl)ethane] (SBSNAE), as well as the β-lyase metabolites 1,1'-sulfonylbis[2-(methylsulfinyl)ethane] (SBMSE) and 1-methylsulfinyl-2-[2-(methylthio) ethylsulfonyl]ethane (MSMTESE) are considered as important biomarkers for short-term retrospective detection of HD exposure. In this study, a single method for simultaneous quantification of the four HD metabolites in urine samples was developed using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The four urinary metabolites were simultaneously extracted from urinary samples using a solid phase extraction (SPE) method with high extraction recoveries for all four metabolites varied in the range of 71.1-103% followed by UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. The SPE is simple and high effective only requiring 0.1mL of urinary samples and 0.5h time consuming. The problem of previous co-elution of TDG and SBSNAE in UHPLC was well solved, and complete separation of TDG, SBSNAE, SBMSE and MSMTESE from SPE-processed urine matrix was obtained to increase specificity and sensitivity. A full method validation was performed for each analyte in urine matrix. The linear range of calibration curves for the four analytes were respectively from 0.50-500ngmL -1 for TDG and SBSNAE, 0.05-500ngmL -1 for SBMSE and MSMTESE with coefficient of determination value (R 2 ) ≥0.990. The limit of detection was 0.25ngmL -1 for TDG and SBSNAE, 0.01ngmL -1 for SBMSE and MSMTESE spiked in normal urine. The intra/inter-day precision for each analyte at three QC levels had relative standard deviation (%RSD) of ≤10.3%, and the intra/inter-day accuracy ranged between 88.0-108%. This developed method allows for simultaneous and trace measurement of four HD urinary metabolites within one single determination with the lowest usage amount of urine samples over all previous methods This study provides a useful tool for early diagnosis and monitoring of HD poisoning for medical treatment with high confidence, avoiding the need for application of several analysis methods. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Correlated fission data measurements with DANCE and NEUANCE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jandel, M.; Baramsai, B.; Bredeweg, T. A.; Couture, A.; Favalli, A.; Hayes, A. C.; Ianakiev, K. D.; Iliev, M. L.; Kawano, T.; Mosby, S.; Rusev, G.; Stetcu, I.; Talou, P.; Ullmann, J. L.; Vieira, D. J.; Walker, C. L.; Wilhelmy, J. B.

2018-02-01

To enhance the capabilities of the DANCE array, a new detector array NEUANCE was developed to enable simultaneous measurements of prompt fission neutrons and γ rays. NEUANCE was designed and constructed using 21 stilbene organic scintillator crystals. It was installed in the central cavity of the DANCE array. Signals from the 160 BaF2 detectors of DANCE and the 21 detectors of NEUANCE were merged into a newly designed high-density high-throughput data acquisition system. The excellent pulse shape discrimination properties of stilbene enabled detection of neutrons with energy thresholds as low as 30-40 keVee. A fission reaction tagging method was developed using a NEUANCE γ-ray or neutron signal. The probability of detecting a neutron from the spontaneous fission of 252Cf using NEUANCE is ∼47%. New correlated data for prompt fission neutrons and prompt fission γ rays were obtained for 252Cf using this high detection efficiency experimental setup. Average properties of prompt fission neutron emission as a function of prompt fission γ-ray quantities were also obtained, suggesting that neutron and γ-ray emission in fission are correlated.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jandel, Marian; Baramsai, Baramsai; Bredeweg, Todd Allen

To enhance the capabilities of the DANCE array, a new detector array NEUANCE was developed to enable simultaneous measurements of prompt fission neutrons and γ rays. NEUANCE was designed and constructed using 21 stilbene organic scintillator crystals. It was installed in the central cavity of the DANCE array. Signals from the 160 BaF 2 detectors of DANCE and the 21 detectors of NEUANCE were merged into a newly designed high-density high-throughput data acquisition system. The excellent pulse shape discrimination properties of stilbene enabled detection of neutrons with energy thresholds as low as 30–40 keVee. A fission reaction tagging method wasmore » developed using a NEUANCE γ-ray or neutron signal. The probability of detecting a neutron from the spontaneous fission of 252Cf using NEUANCE is 47%. New correlated data for prompt fission neutrons and prompt fission rays were obtained for 252Cf using this high detection efficiency experimental setup. In conclusion, average properties of prompt fission neutron emission as a function of prompt fission γ-ray quantities were also obtained, suggesting that neutron and γ-ray emission in fission are correlated.« less

High-power graphene mode-locked Tm/Ho co-doped fiber laser with evanescent field interaction.

PubMed

Li, Xiaohui; Yu, Xuechao; Sun, Zhipei; Yan, Zhiyu; Sun, Biao; Cheng, Yuanbing; Yu, Xia; Zhang, Ying; Wang, Qi Jie

2015-11-16

Mid-infrared ultrafast fiber lasers are valuable for various applications, including chemical and biomedical sensing, material processing and military applications. Here, we report all-fiber high-power graphene mode-locked Tm/Ho co-doped fiber laser at long wavelength with evanescent field interaction. Ultrafast pulses up to 7.8 MHz are generated at a center wavelength of 1879.4 nm, with a pulse width of 4.7 ps. A graphene absorber integrated with a side-polished fiber can increase the damage threshold significantly. Harmonics mode-locking can be obtained till to the 21(th) harmonics at a pump power of above 500 mW. By using one stage amplifier in the anomalous dispersion regime, the laser can be amplified up to 450 mW and the narrowest pulse duration of 1.4 ps can be obtained simultaneously. Our work paves the way to graphene Tm/Ho co-doped mode-locked all-fiber master oscillator power amplifiers as potentially efficient and economic laser sources for high-power laser applications, such as special material processing and nonlinear optical studies.

The Impact of the Condenser on Cytogenetic Image Quality in Digital Microscope System

PubMed Central

Ren, Liqiang; Li, Zheng; Li, Yuhua; Zheng, Bin; Li, Shibo; Chen, Xiaodong; Liu, Hong

2013-01-01

Background: Optimizing operational parameters of the digital microscope system is an important technique to acquire high quality cytogenetic images and facilitate the process of karyotyping so that the efficiency and accuracy of diagnosis can be improved. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the impact of the condenser on cytogenetic image quality and system working performance using a prototype digital microscope image scanning system. Methods: Both theoretical analysis and experimental validations through objectively evaluating a resolution test chart and subjectively observing large numbers of specimen were conducted. Results: The results show that the optimal image quality and large depth of field (DOF) are simultaneously obtained when the numerical aperture of condenser is set as 60%–70% of the corresponding objective. Under this condition, more analyzable chromosomes and diagnostic information are obtained. As a result, the system shows higher working stability and less restriction for the implementation of algorithms such as autofocusing especially when the system is designed to achieve high throughput continuous image scanning. Conclusions: Although the above quantitative results were obtained using a specific prototype system under the experimental conditions reported in this paper, the presented evaluation methodologies can provide valuable guidelines for optimizing operational parameters in cytogenetic imaging using the high throughput continuous scanning microscopes in clinical practice. PMID:23676284

Aqueous two-phase based on ionic liquid liquid-liquid microextraction for simultaneous determination of five synthetic food colourants in different food samples by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PubMed

Sha, Ou; Zhu, Xiashi; Feng, Yanli; Ma, Weixing

2015-05-01

A rapid and effective method of aqueous two-phase systems based on ionic liquid microextraction for the simultaneous determination of five synthetic food colourants (tartrazine, sunset yellow, amaranth, ponceau 4R and brilliant blue) in food samples was established. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an ultraviolet detector of variable wavelength was used for the determinations. 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide was selected as the extraction reagent. The extraction efficiency of the five colourants in the proposed system is influenced by the types of salts, concentrations of salt and [CnMIM]Br, as well as the extracting time. Under the optimal conditions, the extraction efficiencies for these five colourants were above 95%. The phase behaviours of aqueous two-phase system and extraction mechanism were investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy. This method was applied to the analysis of the five colourants in real food samples with the detection limit of 0.051-0.074 ng/mL. Good spiked recoveries from 93.2% to 98.9% were obtained. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[Experiences with an isolation method for retinal S-antigen and interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein].

PubMed

Sych, F J; Strobel, J

1996-12-01

S-antigen (AgS) and interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) are two highly potent uveitopathogenic autoantigens of the retina frequently used to trigger autoimmune uveitis in animal trials. The aim of this study was the simultaneous isolation of both proteins from bovine retina, additionally avoiding time-consuming dialysis and employing prepacked, commercially available cartridges. Retina extract, obtained in the usual manner, was precipitated with ammonium sulfate. Both the desalting and the buffer exchange of dissolved precipitate were carried out using a Bio-Gel P6 column. Subsequent separation with Econo-Pac Q gave prepurified AgS and IRBP fractions. Further purification was realized predominantly with Econo-Pac Q, -HTP and -HIC (5-ml cartridges). AgS and IRBP were isolated in high purity (sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, silver stain) from bovine retina using prepacked cartridges with yields of approximately 0.25 (for AgS) and 0.15 (for IRBP) mg/g retina, respectively. The application of ready-to-use cartridges allows simultaneous isolation of AgS and IRBP in milligram amounts under simplified conditions. This approach might be of particular interest for small samples of retina.

Planar measurements of soot volume fraction and OH in a JP-8 pool fire

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Henriksen, Tara L.; Ring, Terry A.; Eddings, Eric G.

2009-07-15

The simultaneous measurement of soot volume fraction by laser induced incandescence (LII) and qualitative imaging of OH by laser induced fluorescence (LIF) was performed in a JP-8 pool fire contained in a 152 mm diameter pan. Line of sight extinction was used to calibrate the LII system in a laminar flame, and to provide an independent method of measuring average soot volume fraction in the turbulent flame. The presence of soot in the turbulent flame was found to be approximately 50% probable, resulting in high levels of optical extinction, which increased slightly through the flame from approximately 30% near themore » base, to approximately 50% at the tip. This high soot loading pushes both techniques toward their detection limit. Nevertheless, useful accuracy was obtained, with the LII measurement of apparent extinction in the turbulent flame being approximately 21% lower than a direct measurement, consistent with the influence of signal trapping. The axial and radial distributions of soot volume fraction are presented, along with PDFs of volume fraction, and new insight into the behavior of soot sheets in pool fires are sought from the simultaneous measurements of OH and LII. (author)« less

Experiment and Modeling of Simultaneous Creep, Plasticity and Transformation of High Temperature Shape Memory Alloys During Cyclic Actuation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kumar, Parikshith K.; Desai, Uri; Chatzigeorgiou, George; Lagoudas, Dimitris C.; Monroe, James; Karaman, Ibrahim; Noebe, Ron; Bigelow, Glen

2010-01-01

The present work is focused on studying the cycling actuation behavior of HTSMAs undergoing simultaneous creep and transformation. For the thermomechanical testing, a high temperature test setup was assembled on a MTS frame with the capability to test up to temperatures of 600 C. Constant stress thermal cycling tests were conducted to establish the actuation characteristics and the phase diagram for the chosen HTSMA. Additionally, creep tests were conducted at constant stress levels at different test temperatures to characterize the creep behavior of the alloy over the operational range. A thermodynamic constitutive model is developed and extended to take into account a) the effect of multiple thermal cycling on the generation of plastic strains due to transformation (TRIP strains) and b) both primary and secondary creep effects. The model calibration is based on the test results. The creep tests and the uniaxial tests are used to identify the viscoplastic behavior of the material. The parameters for the SMA properties, regarding the transformation and transformation induced plastic strain evolutions, are obtained from the material phase diagram and the thermomechanical tests. The model is validated by predicting the material behavior at different thermomechanical test conditions.

Thermal properties of simulated Hanford waste glasses

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rodriguez, Carmen P.; Chun, Jaehun; Crum, Jarrod V.

The Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) will vitrify the mixed hazardous wastes generated from 45 years of plutonium production. The molten glasses will be poured into stainless steel containers or canisters and subsequently quenched for storage and disposal. Such highly energy-consuming processes require precise thermal properties of materials for appropriate facility design and operations. Key thermal properties (heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity) of representative high-level and low-activity waste glasses were studied as functions of temperature in the range of 200 to 800°C (relevant to the cooling process), implementing simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry-thermal gravimetry (DSC-TGA), Xe-flashmore » diffusivity, pycnometry, and dilatometry. The study showed that simultaneous DSC-TGA would be a reliable method to obtain heat capacity of various glasses at the temperature of interest. Accurate thermal properties from this study were shown to provide a more realistic guideline for capacity and time constraint of heat removal process, in comparison to the design basis conservative engineering estimates. The estimates, though useful for design in the absence measured physical properties, can now be supplanted and the measured thermal properties can be used in design verification activities.« less

Understanding intersatellite biases of microwave humidity sounders using global simultaneous nadir overpasses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

John, Viju O.; Holl, Gerrit; Buehler, Stefan A.; Candy, Brett; Saunders, Roger W.; Parker, David E.

2012-01-01

Simultaneous nadir overpasses (SNOs) of polar-orbiting satellites are most frequent in polar areas but can occur at any latitude when the equatorial crossing times of the satellites become close owing to orbital drift. We use global SNOs of polar orbiting satellites to evaluate the intercalibration of microwave humidity sounders from the more frequent high-latitude SNOs. We have found based on sensitivity analyses that optimal distance and time thresholds for defining collocations are pixel centers less than 5 km apart and time differences less than 300 s. These stringent collocation criteria reduce the impact of highly variable surface or atmospheric conditions on the estimated biases. Uncertainties in the estimated biases are dominated by the combined radiometric noise of the instrument pair. The effects of frequency changes between different versions of the humidity sounders depend on the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. There are significant scene radiance and thus latitude dependencies in the estimated biases and this has to taken into account while intercalibrating microwave humidity sounders. Therefore the results obtained using polar SNOs will not be representative for moist regions, necessitating the use of global collocations for reliable intercalibration.

Electroactive species-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films: enhanced sensitivity for electrochemical simultaneous determination of vitamins B2, B6 and C.

PubMed

Nie, Tao; Xu, Jing-Kun; Lu, Li-Min; Zhang, Kai-Xin; Bai, Ling; Wen, Yang-Ping

2013-12-15

Herein, functionalized PEDOT films were prepared by incorporation of two electroactive species, ferrocenecarboxylic acid (Fc(-)) and ferricyanide (Fe(CN)6(4-)) as doping anions during the electropolymerization of PEDOT at glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) from aqueous solution. The electrochemically synthesized electroactive species-doped PEDOT films have been carefully characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR and UV/Vis spectra and various electrochemical techniques. Such nanostructured films combined the advantages of PEDOT (high conductivity and stability) together with electroactive species (good electrochemical activity) and were applied as electrochemical sensors for simultaneous determination of vitamin B2 (VB2), vitamin B6 (VB6) and vitamin C (VC). The results showed that the oxidation peak currents of vitamins obtained at the GCEs modified with electroactive species-doped PEDOT films were much higher than those at the ClO4(-)-doped PEDOT films and bare GCEs. The experiment results also illustrated that the sensors possessed high selectivity with no interference from other potential competing species. Moreover, the proposed sensors were successfully employed for the determination of vitamins in orange juice samples with satisfactory results. Crown Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comparison of pharmacokinetic behavior of two iridoid glycosides in rat plasma after oral administration of crude Cornus officinals and its jiuzhipin by high performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry combined with multiple reactions monitoring mode

PubMed Central

Chen, Xiaocheng; Cao, Gang; Jiang, Jianping

2014-01-01

Objective: The present study examined the pharmacokinetic profiles of two iridoid glycosides named morroniside and loganin in rat plasma after oral administration of crude and processed Cornus officinals. Materials and Methods: A rapid, selective and specific high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reactions monitoring mode was developed to simultaneously investigate the pharmacokinetic profiles of morroniside and loganin in rat plasma after oral administration of crude C. officinals and its jiuzhipin. Results: The morroniside and loganin in crude and processed C. officinals could be simultaneously determined within 7.4 min. Linear calibration curves were obtained over the concentration ranges of 45.45-4800 ng/mL for all the analytes. The intra-and inter-day precisions relative standard deviation was lesser than 2.84% and 4.12%, respectively. Conclusion: The pharmacokinetic parameters of two iridoid glucosides were also compared systematically between crude and processed C. officinals. This paper provides the theoretical proofs for further explaining the processing mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicines. PMID:24914290

Implementation of a SPR immunosensor for the simultaneous detection of the 22K and 20K hGH isoforms in human serum samples.

PubMed

de Juan-Franco, Elena; Rodríguez-Frade, J M; Mellado, M; Lechuga, Laura M

2013-09-30

We have implemented a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) immunosensor based on a sandwich assay for the simultaneous detection of the two main hGH isoforms, of 22 kDa (22K) and 20 kDa (20K). An oriented-antibody sensor surface specific for both hormone isoforms was assembled by using the biotin-streptavidin system. The immunosensor functionality was checked for the direct detection of the 22K hGH isoform in buffer, which gave high specificity and reproducibility (intra and inter-assay mean coefficients of variation of 8.23% and 9% respectively). The selective determination of the 22K and 20K hGH isoforms in human serum samples in a single assay was possible by using two specific anti-hGH monoclonal antibodies. The detection limit for both hormone isoforms was 0.9 ng mL(-1) and the mean coefficient of variation was below 7.2%. The excellent reproducibility and sensitivity obtained indicate the high performance of this immunosensor for implementing an anti-doping test. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Simultaneous separation and determination of eleven nucleosides and bases in beer, herring sperm DNA and RNA soft capsule by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PubMed

Hou, Shengjie; Ding, Mingyu

2010-01-01

A simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the determination of eleven nucleosides and bases in beer, herring sperm DNA and RNA soft capsules. The separation was carried out on an Agilent extend-C(18) column with a simple gradient elution of acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase. Good linear relationships between the peak areas and the concentrations of the analytes were obtained. The detection limits for eleven analytes were in the range of 0.007-0.037 mg/L by UV detection at 260 nm. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the retention times were in the range of 0.78-1.85% for intra-day and 0.87-1.94% for inter-day, respectively. The RSDs of the peak areas were in the range of 2.71-3.22% for intra-day and 3.03-3.39% for inter-day, respectively. This method has been successfully applied to simultaneous determination of eleven nucleosides and bases in beer, herring sperm DNA and RNA soft capsules with the recoveries in the range of 93.7-108.3%.

Frequency-domain elastic full waveform inversion using encoded simultaneous sources

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jeong, W.; Son, W.; Pyun, S.; Min, D.

2011-12-01

Currently, numerous studies have endeavored to develop robust full waveform inversion and migration algorithms. These processes require enormous computational costs, because of the number of sources in the survey. To avoid this problem, the phase encoding technique for prestack migration was proposed by Romero (2000) and Krebs et al. (2009) proposed the encoded simultaneous-source inversion technique in the time domain. On the other hand, Ben-Hadj-Ali et al. (2011) demonstrated the robustness of the frequency-domain full waveform inversion with simultaneous sources for noisy data changing the source assembling. Although several studies on simultaneous-source inversion tried to estimate P- wave velocity based on the acoustic wave equation, seismic migration and waveform inversion based on the elastic wave equations are required to obtain more reliable subsurface information. In this study, we propose a 2-D frequency-domain elastic full waveform inversion technique using phase encoding methods. In our algorithm, the random phase encoding method is employed to calculate the gradients of the elastic parameters, source signature estimation and the diagonal entries of approximate Hessian matrix. The crosstalk for the estimated source signature and the diagonal entries of approximate Hessian matrix are suppressed with iteration as for the gradients. Our 2-D frequency-domain elastic waveform inversion algorithm is composed using the back-propagation technique and the conjugate-gradient method. Source signature is estimated using the full Newton method. We compare the simultaneous-source inversion with the conventional waveform inversion for synthetic data sets of the Marmousi-2 model. The inverted results obtained by simultaneous sources are comparable to those obtained by individual sources, and source signature is successfully estimated in simultaneous source technique. Comparing the inverted results using the pseudo Hessian matrix with previous inversion results provided by the approximate Hessian matrix, it is noted that the latter are better than the former for deeper parts of the model. This work was financially supported by the Brain Korea 21 project of Energy System Engineering, by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2010-0006155), by the Energy Efficiency & Resources of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) grant funded by the Korea government Ministry of Knowledge Economy (No. 2010T100200133).

Imaging photomultiplier array with integrated amplifiers and high-speed USB interfacea)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blacksell, M.; Wach, J.; Anderson, D.; Howard, J.; Collis, S. M.; Blackwell, B. D.; Andruczyk, D.; James, B. W.

2008-10-01

Multianode photomultiplier tube (PMT) arrays are finding application as convenient high-speed light sensitive devices for plasma imaging. This paper describes the development of a USB-based "plug-n-play" 16-channel PMT camera with 16bits simultaneous acquisition of 16 signal channels at rates up to 2MS/s per channel. The preamplifiers and digital hardware are packaged in a compact housing which incorporates magnetic shielding, on-board generation of the high-voltage PMT bias, an optical filter mount and slits, and F-mount lens adaptor. Triggering, timing, and acquisition are handled by four field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) under instruction from a master FPGA controlled by a computer with a LABVIEW interface. We present technical design details and specifications and illustrate performance with high-speed images obtained on the H-1 heliac at the ANU.

Imaging photomultiplier array with integrated amplifiers and high-speed USB interface.

PubMed

Blacksell, M; Wach, J; Anderson, D; Howard, J; Collis, S M; Blackwell, B D; Andruczyk, D; James, B W

2008-10-01

Multianode photomultiplier tube (PMT) arrays are finding application as convenient high-speed light sensitive devices for plasma imaging. This paper describes the development of a USB-based "plug-n-play" 16-channel PMT camera with 16 bits simultaneous acquisition of 16 signal channels at rates up to 2 MSs per channel. The preamplifiers and digital hardware are packaged in a compact housing which incorporates magnetic shielding, on-board generation of the high-voltage PMT bias, an optical filter mount and slits, and F-mount lens adaptor. Triggering, timing, and acquisition are handled by four field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) under instruction from a master FPGA controlled by a computer with a LABVIEW interface. We present technical design details and specifications and illustrate performance with high-speed images obtained on the H-1 heliac at the ANU.

Simultaneous measurement of translation and tilt using digital speckle photography

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bhaduri, Basanta; Quan, Chenggen; Tay, Cho Jui

2010-06-20

A Michelson-type digital speckle photographic system has been proposed in which one light beam produces a Fourier transform and another beam produces an image at a recording plane, without interfering between themselves. Because the optical Fourier transform is insensitive to translation and the imaging technique is insensitive to tilt, the proposed system is able to simultaneously and independently determine both surface tilt and translation by two separate recordings, one before and another after the surface motion, without the need to obtain solutions for simultaneous equations. Experimental results are presented to verify the theoretical analysis.

Simultaneous optical flow and source estimation: Space–time discretization and preconditioning

PubMed Central

Andreev, R.; Scherzer, O.; Zulehner, W.

2015-01-01

We consider the simultaneous estimation of an optical flow field and an illumination source term in a movie sequence. The particular optical flow equation is obtained by assuming that the image intensity is a conserved quantity up to possible sources and sinks which represent varying illumination. We formulate this problem as an energy minimization problem and propose a space–time simultaneous discretization for the optimality system in saddle-point form. We investigate a preconditioning strategy that renders the discrete system well-conditioned uniformly in the discretization resolution. Numerical experiments complement the theory. PMID:26435561

Simultaneous in situ electron temperature comparisons using Alouette 2 probe and plasma resonance data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Benson, R. F.

1973-01-01

The electron temperatures deduced from Alouette 2 diffuse resonance observations are compared with the temperature obtained from the Alouette 2 cylindrical electrostatic probe experiment using data from 5 mid-to-high latitude telemetry stations. The probe temperature is consistently higher than the diffuse resonance temperature. The average difference ranged from approximately 10% to 40% with the lower values occurring at the lowest altitudes sampled (near 500 km) and at high latitudes (dip latitude greater than 55 deg), and the larger values occurring at high altitudes and lower latitudes. The discrepancy appears to be of geophysical origin since it is dependent on the location of the data sample. The present observations support the view that the often observed radar backscatter - probe electron temperature discrepancy is also of geophysical origin.

Scanning metallic nanosphere microscopy for vectorial profiling of optical focal spots.

PubMed

Yi, Hui; Long, Jing; Li, Hongquan; He, Xiaolong; Yang, Tian

2015-04-06

Recent years have witnessed fast progress in the development of spatially variant states of polarization under high numerical aperture focusing, and intensive exploration of their applications. We report a vectorial, broadband, high contrast and subwavelength resolution method for focal spot profiling. In this experiment, a 100 nm diameter gold nanosphere on a silica aerogel substrate is raster scanned across the focal spots, and the orthogonal polarization components can be obtained simultaneously by measuring the scattering far field in a confocal manner. The metallic-nanosphere-on-aerogel structure ensures negligible distortion to the focal spots, low crosstalk between orthogonal polarization components (1/39 in experiment), and a low level background noise (1/80 of peak intensity in experiment), while high contrast imaging is not limited by the resonance bandwidth.

Hydrodeoxygenation of vicinal OH groups over heterogeneous rhenium catalyst promoted by palladium and ceria support.

PubMed

Ota, Nobuhiko; Tamura, Masazumi; Nakagawa, Yoshinao; Okumura, Kazu; Tomishige, Keiichi

2015-02-02

Heterogeneous ReOx-Pd/CeO2 catalyst showed excellent performance for simultaneous hydrodeoxygenation of vicinal OH groups. High yield (>99%), turnover frequency (300 h(-1)), and turnover number (10,000) are achieved in the reaction of 1,4-anhydroerythritol to tetrahydrofuran. This catalyst can be applied to sugar alcohols, and mono-alcohols and diols are obtained in high yields (≥85%) from substrates with even and odd numbers of OH groups, respectively. The high catalytic performance of ReOx-Pd/CeO2 can be assigned to rhenium species with +4 or +5 valence state, and the formation of this species is promoted by H2/Pd and the ceria support. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

A new fibre optic pulse oximeter probe for monitoring splanchnic organ arterial blood oxygen saturation.

PubMed

Hickey, M; Samuels, N; Randive, N; Langford, R; Kyriacou, P A

2012-12-01

A new, continuous method of monitoring splanchnic organ oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) would make the early detection of inadequate tissue oxygenation feasible, reducing the risk of hypoperfusion, severe ischaemia, and, ultimately, death. In an attempt to provide such a device, a new fibre optic based reflectance pulse oximeter probe and processing system were developed followed by an in vivo evaluation of the technology on seventeen patients undergoing elective laparotomy. Photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals of good quality and high signal-to-noise ratio were obtained from the small bowel, large bowel, liver and stomach. Simultaneous peripheral PPG signals from the finger were also obtained for comparison purposes. Analysis of the amplitudes of all acquired PPG signals indicated much larger amplitudes for those signals obtained from splanchnic organs than those obtained from the finger. Estimated SpO(2) values for splanchnic organs showed good agreement with those obtained from the finger fibre optic probe and those obtained from a commercial device. These preliminary results suggest that a miniaturized 'indwelling' fibre optic sensor may be a suitable method for pre-operative and post-operative evaluation of splanchnic organ SpO(2) and their health. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Procedures for estimating the frequency of commercial airline flights encountering high cabin ozone levels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holdeman, J. D.

1979-01-01

Three analytical problems in estimating the frequency at which commercial airline flights will encounter high cabin ozone levels are formulated and solved: namely, estimating flight-segment mean levels, estimating maximum-per-flight levels, and estimating the maximum average level over a specified flight interval. For each problem, solution procedures are given for different levels of input information - from complete cabin ozone data, which provides a direct solution, to limited ozone information, such as ambient ozone means and standard deviations, with which several assumptions are necessary to obtain the required estimates. Each procedure is illustrated by an example case calculation that uses simultaneous cabin and ambient ozone data obtained by the NASA Global Atmospheric Sampling Program. Critical assumptions are discussed and evaluated, and the several solutions for each problem are compared. Example calculations are also performed to illustrate how variations in lattitude, altitude, season, retention ratio, flight duration, and cabin ozone limits affect the estimated probabilities.

Temperature Distributions in Semitransparent Coatings: A Special Two-Flux Solution

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Siegel, Robert; Spuckler, Charles M.

1995-01-01

Radiative transfer is analyzed in a semitransparent coating on an opaque substrate and in a semitransparent layer for evaluating thermal protection behavior and ceramic component performance in high temperature applications. Some ceramics are partially transparent for radiative transfer, and at high temperatures internal emission and reflections affect their thermal performance. The behavior is examined for a ceramic component for which interior cooling is not provided. Two conditions are considered: (1) the layer is heated by penetration of radiation from hot surroundings while its external surface is simultaneously film cooled by convection, and (2) the surface is heated by convection while the semitransparent material cools from within by radiant emission leaving through the surface. By using the two-flux method, which has been found to yield good accuracy in previous studies, a special solution is obtained for these conditions. The analytical result includes isotropic scattering and requires only an integration to obtain the temperature distribution within the semitransparent material. Illustrative results are given to demonstrate the nature of the thermal behavior.

Physical and chemical characterization of petroleum products by GC-MS.

PubMed

Mendez, A; Meneghini, R; Lubkowitz, J

2007-01-01

There is a need for reliable and fast means of monitoring refining, conversion, and upgrading processes aiming to increase the yield of light distillates, and thus, reducing the oil barrel bottoms. By simultaneously utilizing the FID and mass selective detectors while splitting the column effluent in a controlled way, it is possible to obtain identical gas chromatograms and total ion chromatograms from a single run. This means that besides the intensity vs. time graphs, the intensity vs. mass and boiling point can also be obtained. As a result, physical and chemical characterization can be performed in a simple and rapid manner. Experimental results on middle, heavy distillates, and crude oil fractions show clearly the effect of upgrading processes on the chemical composition and yields of diesel, jet fuels, and high vacuum gasoil fractions. The methodology is fully compliant with ASTM D-2887, D-7213, D-6352, and D7169 for simulated distillation and the previously mentioned mass spectrometry standards. The group type analysis correlated satisfactorily with high-performance liquid chromatography data.

[Association between self-directed learning behaviors, socio-demographic and academic variables among medical students].

PubMed

Fasce H, Eduardo; Ortega B, Javiera; Pérez V, Cristhian; Márquez U, Carolina; Parra P, Paula; Ortiz M, Liliana; Matus, Olga

2013-09-01

Medical education must encourage autonomous learning behaviors among students. However the great income profile disparity among university students may influence their capacity to acquire such skills. To assess the association between self-directed learning, socio-demographic and academic variables. The self-directed learning readiness scale was applied to 202 medical students aged between 17 and 25 years (64% males). Simultaneously information about each surveyed participant was obtained from the databases of the medical school. There is an association between socio-demographic and academic variables with the general scale of self-directed learning and the subscales learning planning and willingness to learn. Participants coming from municipal schools have a greater willingness to learn than their counterparts coming from subsidized and private schools. High school grades are related to self-directed learning and the subscales learning planning and self-assessment. Among the surveyed medical students, there is a relationship between self-directed learning behaviors, the type of school where they come from and the grades that they obtained during high school.

Production of L-lactic Acid from Biomass Wastes Using Scallop Crude Enzymes and Novel Lactic Acid Bacterium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yanagisawa, Mitsunori; Nakamura, Kanami; Nakasaki, Kiyohiko

In the present study, biomass waste raw materials including paper mill sludge, bamboo, sea lettuce, and shochu residue (from a distiller) and crude enzymes derived from inedible and discarded scallop parts were used to produce L-lactic acid for the raw material of biodegradable plastic poly-lactic acid. The activities of cellulase and amylase in the crude enzymes were 22 and 170units/L, respectively, and L-lactic acid was produced from every of the above mentioned biomass wastes, by the method of liquid-state simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) . The L-lactic acid concentrations produced from sea lettuce and shochu residue, which contain high concentration of starch were 3.6 and 9.3g/L, respectively, and corresponded to greater than 25% of the conversion of glucans contained in these biomass wastes. Furthermore, using the solid state SSF method, concentrations as high as 13g/L of L-lactic acid were obtained from sea lettuce and 26g/L were obtained from shochu residue.

Validation of a dual-cycle ergometer for exercise during 100 percent oxygen prebreathing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wiegman, Janet F.; Ohlhausen, John H.; Webb, James T.; Pilmanis, Andrew A.

1992-01-01

A study has been designed to determine if exercise, while prebreathing 100 percent oxygen prior to decompression, can reduce the current resting-prebreathe time requirements for extravehicular activity and high altitude reconnaissance flight. For that study, a suitable exercise mode was required. Design considerations included space limitations, cost, pressure suit compatibility, ease and maintenance of calibration, accuracy of work output, and assurance that no significant mechanical advantage or disadvantage would be introduced into the system. In addition, the exercise device must enhance denitrogenation by incorporation of both upper and lower body musculature at high levels of oxygen consumption. The purpose of this paper is to describe the specially constructed, dual-cycle ergometer developed for simultaneous arm and leg exercise during prebreathing, and to compare maximal oxygen uptake obtained on the device to that obtained during leg-only cycle ergometry and treadmill testing. Results demonstrate the suitability of the dual-cycle ergometer as an appropriate tool for exercise research during 100 percent oxygen prebreathing.

Reproducibility of Ultrasound-Guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) Thermal Lesions in Minimally-Invasive Brain Surgery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zahedi, Sulmaz

This study aims to prove the feasibility of using Ultrasound-Guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (USg-HIFU) to create thermal lesions in neurosurgical applications, allowing for precise ablation of brain tissue, while simultaneously providing real time imaging. To test the feasibility of the system, an optically transparent HIFU compatible tissue-mimicking phantom model was produced. USg-HIFU was then used for ablation of the phantom, with and without targets. Finally, ex vivo lamb brain tissue was imaged and ablated using the USg-HIFU system. Real-time ultrasound images and videos obtained throughout the ablation process showing clear lesion formation at the focal point of the HIFU transducer. Post-ablation gross and histopathology examinations were conducted to verify thermal and mechanical damage in the ex vivo lamb brain tissue. Finally, thermocouple readings were obtained, and HIFU field computer simulations were conducted to verify findings. Results of the study concluded reproducibility of USg-HIFU thermal lesions for neurosurgical applications.

TIME-SEQUENCED X-RAY OBSERVATION OF A THERMAL EXPLOSION

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tringe, J. W.; Molitoris, J. D.; Kercher, J. R.

The evolution of a thermally-initiated explosion is studied using a multiple-image x-ray system. HMX-based PBX 9501 is used in this work, enabling direct comparison to recently-published data obtained with proton radiography [1]. Multiple x-ray images of the explosion are obtained with image spacing of ten microseconds or more. The explosion is simultaneously characterized with a high-speed camera using an interframe spacing of 11 mus. X-ray and camera images were both initiated passively by signals from an embedded thermocouple array, as opposed to being actively triggered by a laser pulse or other external source. X-ray images show an accelerating reacting frontmore » within the explosive, and also show unreacted explosive at the time the containment vessel bursts. High-speed camera images show debris ejected from the vessel expanding at 800-2100 m/s in the first tens of mus after the container wall failure. The effective center of the initiation volume is about 6 mm from the geometric center of the explosive.« less

Time-optimized laser micro machining by using a new high dynamic and high precision galvo scanner

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaeggi, Beat; Neuenschwander, Beat; Zimmermann, Markus; Zecherle, Markus; Boeckler, Ernst W.

2016-03-01

High accuracy, quality and throughput are key factors in laser micro machining. To obtain these goals the ablation process, the machining strategy and the scanning device have to be optimized. The precision is influenced by the accuracy of the galvo scanner and can further be enhanced by synchronizing the movement of the mirrors with the laser pulse train. To maintain a high machining quality i.e. minimum surface roughness, the pulse-to-pulse distance has also to be optimized. Highest ablation efficiency is obtained by choosing the proper laser peak fluence together with highest specific removal rate. The throughput can now be enhanced by simultaneously increasing the average power, the repetition rate as well as the scanning speed to preserve the fluence and the pulse-to-pulse distance. Therefore a high scanning speed is of essential importance. To guarantee the required excellent accuracy even at high scanning speeds a new interferometry based encoder technology was used, that provides a high quality signal for closed-loop control of the galvo scanner position. Low inertia encoder design enables a very dynamic scanner system, which can be driven to very high line speeds by a specially adapted control solution. We will present results with marking speeds up to 25 m/s using a f = 100 mm objective obtained with a new scanning system and scanner tuning maintaining a precision of about 5 μm. Further it will be shown that, especially for short line lengths, the machining time can be minimized by choosing the proper speed which has not to be the maximum one.

Unilateral cleft lip and palate: Simultaneous early repair of the nose, anterior palate and lip

PubMed Central

Laberge, Louise Caouette

2007-01-01

Unilateral cleft lip and palate is a defect involving the lip, nose and maxilla. These structures are inter-related, and simultaneous early correction of all the aspects of the defect is necessary to obtain a satisfactory result that will be maintained with growth. The surgical technique combining various procedures is presented and compared with previously published reports. PMID:19554125

An Application for the Quantitative Analysis of Pharmaceutical Tablets Using a Rapid Switching System Between a Near-Infrared Spectrometer and a Portable Near-Infrared Imaging System Equipped with Fiber Optics.

PubMed

Murayama, Kodai; Ishikawa, Daitaro; Genkawa, Takuma; Ozaki, Yukihiro

2018-04-01

We present a rapid switching system between a newly developed near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer and its imaging system to select the spot size of a diffuse reflectance (DR) probe. In a previous study, we developed a portable NIR imaging system, known as D-NIRs, which has significant advantages over other systems. Its high speed, high spectral resolution, and portability are particularly useful in the process of monitoring pharmaceutical tablets. However, the spectral accuracies relating to the changes in the formulation of the pharmaceutical tablets have not been fully discussed. Therefore, we improved the rapid optical switching system and present a new model of D-NIRs (ND-NIRs) here. This system can automatically switch the optical paths of the DR and NIR imaging probes, greatly contributing to the simultaneous measurement of both the imaging and spot. The NIR spectra of the model tablets, including 0-10% ascorbic acid, were measured and simultaneous NIR images of the tablets were obtained. The predicted results using spot sizes for the DR probe of 1 and 5 mm diameter, resulted in concentrations of R2 = 0.79 and 0.94, with root mean square errors (RMSE) of 1.78 and 0.89, respectively. For tablets with a high concentration of ascorbic acid, the NIR imaging results showed inhomogeneity in concentration. However, the predicted values for the low concentration samples appeared higher than the known concentration of the tablets, although the homogeneity of the concentration was confirmed. In addition, the optimal spot size using NIR imaging data was estimated to be 5-7 mm. The results obtained in this study show that the spot size of the fiber probe, attached to a spectrometer, is important in developing a highly reliable model to determine the component concentration of a tablet.

Simultaneous schlieren photography and soot foil in the study of detonation phenomena

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kellenberger, Mark; Ciccarelli, Gaby

2017-10-01

The use of schlieren photography has been essential in unravelling the complex nature of high-speed combustion phenomena, but its line-of-sight integration makes it difficult to decisively determine the nature of multi-dimensional combustion wave propagation. Conventional schlieren alone makes it impossible to determine in what plane across the channel an observed structure may exist. To overcome this, a technique of simultaneous high-speed schlieren photography and soot foils was demonstrated that can be applied to the study of detonation phenomena. Using a kerosene lamp, soot was deposited on a glass substrate resulting in a semi-transparent sheet through which schlieren source light could pass. In order to demonstrate the technique, experiments were carried out in mixtures of stoichiometric hydrogen-oxygen at initial pressures between 10 and 15 kPa. Compared to schlieren imaging obtained without a sooted foil, high-speed video results show schlieren images with a small reduction of contrast with density gradients remaining clear. Areas of high temperature cause soot lofted from the foil to incandescence strongly, resulting in the ability to track hot spots and flame location. Post-processing adjustments were demonstrated to make up for camera sensitivity limitations to enable viewing of schlieren density gradients. High-resolution glass soot foils were produced that enable direct coupling of schlieren video to triple-point trajectories seen on the soot foils, allowing for the study of three-dimensional propagation mechanisms of detonation waves.

Estimation of radiative and conductive properties of a semitransparent medium using genetic algorithms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Braiek, A.; Adili, A.; Albouchi, F.; Karkri, M.; Ben Nasrallah, S.

2016-06-01

The aim of this work is to simultaneously identify the conductive and radiative parameters of a semitransparent sample using a photothermal method associated with an inverse problem. The identification of the conductive and radiative proprieties is performed by the minimization of an objective function that represents the errors between calculated temperature and measured signal. The calculated temperature is obtained from a theoretical model built with the thermal quadrupole formalism. Measurement is obtained in the rear face of the sample whose front face is excited by a crenel of heat flux. For identification procedure, a genetic algorithm is developed and used. The genetic algorithm is a useful tool in the simultaneous estimation of correlated or nearly correlated parameters, which can be a limiting factor for the gradient-based methods. The results of the identification procedure show the efficiency and the stability of the genetic algorithm to simultaneously estimate the conductive and radiative properties of clear glass.

Simultaneous source and attenuation reconstruction in SPECT using ballistic and single scattering data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Courdurier, M.; Monard, F.; Osses, A.; Romero, F.

2015-09-01

In medical single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, we seek to simultaneously obtain the internal radioactive sources and the attenuation map using not only ballistic measurements but also first-order scattering measurements and assuming a very specific scattering regime. The problem is modeled using the radiative transfer equation by means of an explicit non-linear operator that gives the ballistic and scattering measurements as a function of the radioactive source and attenuation distributions. First, by differentiating this non-linear operator we obtain a linearized inverse problem. Then, under regularity hypothesis for the source distribution and attenuation map and considering small attenuations, we rigorously prove that the linear operator is invertible and we compute its inverse explicitly. This allows proof of local uniqueness for the non-linear inverse problem. Finally, using the previous inversion result for the linear operator, we propose a new type of iterative algorithm for simultaneous source and attenuation recovery for SPECT based on the Neumann series and a Newton-Raphson algorithm.

Ultra-long-period fiber grating cascaded to a knob-taper for simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tong, Chengguo; Chen, Xudong; Zhou, Yu; He, Jiang; Yang, Wenlei; Geng, Tao; Sun, Weimin; Yuan, Libo

2018-06-01

This study presents a simple Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) to obtain the bimodal characteristics that realize simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature through cascading an ultra-long-period fiber grating and a knob-shaped taper. We obtain the multi-dip feature from the MZI, and the Dips 2 and 5 are selected from 11 interference dips. Experimental results indicated that the wavelength sensitivities of Dips 2 and 5 are - 0.54 nm mɛ-1 and 0.058 nm °C-1, and - 0.53 nm mɛ-1 and 0.055 nm °C-1 to strain and temperature, respectively. The depth sensitivities are - 3.3 dB mɛ- 1, - 0.015 dB °C-1 and -5.8 dB mɛ-1, and 0.06 dB °C-1 for Dips 2 and 5, respectively. It is concluded that the proposed structure is suitable for simultaneous strain and temperature measurements.

Simultaneous polarized neutron reflectometry and anisotropic magnetoresistance measurements.

PubMed

Demeter, J; Teichert, A; Kiefer, K; Wallacher, D; Ryll, H; Menéndez, E; Paramanik, D; Steitz, R; Van Haesendonck, C; Vantomme, A; Temst, K

2011-03-01

A novel experimental facility to carry out simultaneous polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR) and anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) measurements is presented. Performing both techniques at the same time increases their strength considerably. The proof of concept of this method is demonstrated on a CoO/Co bilayer exchange bias system. Although information on the same phenomena, such as the coercivity or the reversal mechanism, can be separately obtained from either of these techniques, the simultaneous application optimizes the consistency between both. In this way, possible differences in experimental conditions, such as applied magnetic field amplitude and orientation, sample temperature, magnetic history, etc., can be ruled out. Consequently, only differences in the fundamental sensitivities of the techniques can cause discrepancies in the interpretation between the two. The almost instantaneous information obtained from AMR can be used to reveal time-dependent effects during the PNR acquisition. Moreover, the information inferred from the AMR measurements can be used for optimizing the experimental conditions for the PNR measurements in a more efficient way than with the PNR measurements alone.

Ultra-long-period fiber grating cascaded to a knob-taper for simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tong, Chengguo; Chen, Xudong; Zhou, Yu; He, Jiang; Yang, Wenlei; Geng, Tao; Sun, Weimin; Yuan, Libo

2018-03-01

This study presents a simple Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) to obtain the bimodal characteristics that realize simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature through cascading an ultra-long-period fiber grating and a knob-shaped taper. We obtain the multi-dip feature from the MZI, and the Dips 2 and 5 are selected from 11 interference dips. Experimental results indicated that the wavelength sensitivities of Dips 2 and 5 are - 0.54 nm mɛ-1 and 0.058 nm °C-1, and - 0.53 nm mɛ-1 and 0.055 nm °C-1 to strain and temperature, respectively. The depth sensitivities are - 3.3 dB mɛ- 1, - 0.015 dB °C-1 and -5.8 dB mɛ-1, and 0.06 dB °C-1 for Dips 2 and 5, respectively. It is concluded that the proposed structure is suitable for simultaneous strain and temperature measurements.

Modification of glassy carbon electrode with poly(hydroxynaphthol blue)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite and construction a new voltammetric sensor for the simultaneous determination of hydroquinone, catechol, and resorcinol

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Daneshinejad, Hassan; Arab Chamjangali, Mansour; Goudarzi, Nasser; Hossain Amin, Amir

2018-03-01

A novel voltammetric sensor is developed based on a poly(hydroxynaphthol blue)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes-modified glassy carbon electrode for the simultaneous determination of the dihydroxybenzene isomers hydroquinone (HQ), catechol (CC), and resorcinol (RS). The preparation and basic electrochemical performance of the sensor are investigated in details. The electrochemical behavior of the dihydroxybenzene isomers at the sensor is studied by the cyclic and differential pulse voltammetric techniques. The results obtained show that this new electrochemical sensor exhibits an excellent electro-catalytic activity towards oxidation of the three isomers. The mechanism of this electro-catalytic activity is discussed. Using the optimum parameters, limit of detection obtained 0.24, 0.24, and 0.26 μmol L-1 for HQ, CC, and RS, respectively. The modified electrode is also successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of dihydroxybenzene in water samples.

High-throughput Titration of Luciferase-expressing Recombinant Viruses

PubMed Central

Garcia, Vanessa; Krishnan, Ramya; Davis, Colin; Batenchuk, Cory; Le Boeuf, Fabrice; Abdelbary, Hesham; Diallo, Jean-Simon

2014-01-01

Standard plaque assays to determine infectious viral titers can be time consuming, are not amenable to a high volume of samples, and cannot be done with viruses that do not form plaques. As an alternative to plaque assays, we have developed a high-throughput titration method that allows for the simultaneous titration of a high volume of samples in a single day. This approach involves infection of the samples with a Firefly luciferase tagged virus, transfer of the infected samples onto an appropriate permissive cell line, subsequent addition of luciferin, reading of plates in order to obtain luminescence readings, and finally the conversion from luminescence to viral titers. The assessment of cytotoxicity using a metabolic viability dye can be easily incorporated in the workflow in parallel and provide valuable information in the context of a drug screen. This technique provides a reliable, high-throughput method to determine viral titers as an alternative to a standard plaque assay. PMID:25285536

Resistivity, carrier trapping, and polarization phenomenon in semiconductor radiation detection materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Du, Mao-Hua; Biswas, Koushik; Singh, David J.

2012-10-01

In this paper, we report theoretical studies of native defects and dopants in a number of room-temperature semiconductor radiation detection materials, i.e., CdTe, TlBr, and Tl6SeI4. We address several important questions, such as what causes high resistivity in these materials, what explains good μτ product (carrier mobility-lifetime product) in soft-lattice ionic compounds that have high defect density, and how to obtain high resistivity and low carrier trapping simultaneously. Our main results are: (1) shallow donors rather than deep ones are responsible for high resistivity in high-quality detectorgrade CdTe; (2) large dielectric screening and the lack of deep levels from low-energy native defects may contribute to the good μτ products for both electrons and holes in TlBr; (3) the polarization phenomenon in Tl6SeI4 is expected to be much reduced compared to that in TlBr.

Failure to obtain value enhancement by within-trial contrast in simultaneous and successive discriminations.

PubMed

Arantes, Joana; Grace, Randolph C

2008-02-01

The present research tested the generality of the "work ethic" effect described by Clement, Feltus, Kaiser, and Zentall (2000). In Experiment 1, we trained 10 pigeons on a pair of either simultaneous or successive discriminations. One discrimination followed a high-effort requirement (20 pecks to the center key) and the other followed a low-effort requirement (1 peck). Contrary to Clement et al.'s results, we found that preferences between the S+ and S- stimuli in transfer tests depended on the event that initiated the trial: Pigeons preferred the stimulus from the baseline discrimination whose initiating event was most dissimilar from that preceding the test trial. Preferences were similar but less extreme in the successive condition. In Experiment 2, we investigated whether test preferences depended on the amount of training. A total of 12 pigeons were trained on a pair of simultaneous discriminations, except that test sessions were scheduled after every three baseline sessions. Preferences increased across test sessions but were similar to those in Experiment 1. Together with Vasconcelos, Urcuioli, and Lionello-DeNolf (2007a), our study represents a second failure to replicate Clement et al.'s work ethic effect. The finding that preference depends on the event that initiates the test trial suggests that choice probes may not provide unambiguous assessments of stimulus value.

The structural identifiability and parameter estimation of a multispecies model for the transmission of mastitis in dairy cows with postmilking teat disinfection.

PubMed

White, L J; Evans, N D; Lam, T J G M; Schukken, Y H; Medley, G F; Godfrey, K R; Chappell, M J

2002-01-01

A mathematical model for the transmission of two interacting classes of mastitis causing bacterial pathogens in a herd of dairy cows is presented and applied to a specific data set. The data were derived from a field trial of a specific measure used in the control of these pathogens, where half the individuals were subjected to the control and in the others the treatment was discontinued. The resultant mathematical model (eight non-linear simultaneous ordinary differential equations) therefore incorporates heterogeneity in the host as well as the infectious agent and consequently the effects of control are intrinsic in the model structure. A structural identifiability analysis of the model is presented demonstrating that the scope of the novel method used allows application to high order non-linear systems. The results of a simultaneous estimation of six unknown system parameters are presented. Previous work has only estimated a subset of these either simultaneously or individually. Therefore not only are new estimates provided for the parameters relating to the transmission and control of the classes of pathogens under study, but also information about the relationships between them. We exploit the close link between mathematical modelling, structural identifiability analysis, and parameter estimation to obtain biological insights into the system modelled.

Simultaneous detection of imidacloprid and parathion by the dual-labeled time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay.

PubMed

Shi, Haiyan; Sheng, Enze; Feng, Lu; Zhou, Liangliang; Hua, Xiude; Wang, Minghua

2015-10-01

A highly sensitive direct dual-labeled time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) to detect parathion and imidacloprid simultaneously in food and environmental matrices was developed. Europium (Eu(3+)) and samarium (Sm(3+)) were used as fluorescent labels by coupling separately with L1-Ab and A1P1-Ab. Under optimal assay conditions, the half-maximal inhibition concentration (IC50) and limit of detection (LOD, IC10) were 10.87 and 0.025 μg/L for parathion and 7.08 and 0.028 μg/L for imidacloprid, respectively. The cross-reactivities (CR) were negligible except for methyl-parathion (42.4 %) and imidaclothiz (103.4 %). The average recoveries of imidacloprid ranged from 78.9 to 104.2 % in water, soil, rice, tomato, and Chinese cabbage with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.4 to 11.6 %, and those of parathion were from 81.5 to 110.9 % with the RSD of 3.2 to 10.5 %. The results of TRFIA for the authentic samples were validated by comparison with gas chromatography (GC) analyses, and satisfactory correlations (parathion: R (2) = 0.9918; imidacloprid: R (2) = 0.9908) were obtained. The results indicate that the dual-labeled TRFIA is convenient and reliable to detect parathion and imidacloprid simultaneously in food and environmental matrices.

A sensor based on the carbon nanotubes-ionic liquid composite for simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol.

PubMed

Bu, Caihong; Liu, Xiuhui; Zhang, Yijun; Li, Li; Zhou, Xibin; Lu, Xiaoquan

2011-11-01

MWNTs-IL-Gel/GCE, a glassy carbon electrode modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and ionic liquids (IL), was developed to serve as a sensor for simultaneous determination of Hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC) in this paper. The modified GCE showed two well-defined redox waves for HQ and CC in both CV and DPV with a peak potential separation of ca. 0.1 V, which was large enough for simultaneous detection. The results revealed that the oxidation of HQ and CC with the enhancement of the redox peak current and the decrease of the peak-to-peak separation exhibit excellent electrocatalytic behaviors. A high sensitivity of 1.8×10(-7)M with detection limits of 6.7×10(-8)M and 6.0×10(-8)M (S/N=3) for HQ and CC were obtained. Moreover, the constants of apparent electron transfer rate of HQ and CC at MWNTs-IL-Gel/GCE were calculated as 7.402 s(-1) and 8.179 s(-1), respectively, and the adsorption quantity of HQ and CC was 1.408×10(-6) mol cm(-2) with chronocoulometry. The developed sensor can be applied to determinate directly of HQ and CC in aqueous solution. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Reconnaissance of marine resources

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Szekielda, K.-H.; Suszkowski, D. J.; Tabor, P. S.

1975-01-01

A test area along the NW Coast of Africa was used during the Skylab mission to study the distribution of temperature and plankton. The S190B Earth Terrain Camera with a spectral film response of 0.4-0.7 micrometers allowed qualitative estimates of the distribution patterns of suspended material. Differentiation between inorganic particles and phytoplankton could be made by comparing the green band and the red band of the S190A Camera System. The pictorial display of data obtained from the S191 scanning radiometer in the 10-11 micrometer atmospheric window allowed a detailed interpretation of the temperature distribution in the area where cold upwelled water reaches the euphotic zone. The comparison between infrared data and the imageries taken simultaneously indicated the origin of the cold water as well as the pathway within the Canary current. A fish survey carried out almost simultaneously in the area, by echosounding, showed high correlation between the position of good fishing grounds and the distribution of plankton as detected by remote sensing detectors on Skylab.

Simultaneous formation of multiscale hierarchical surface morphologies through sequential wrinkling and folding

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Yu; Sun, Qingyang; Xiao, Jianliang

2018-02-01

Highly organized hierarchical surface morphologies possess various intriguing properties that could find important potential applications. In this paper, we demonstrate a facile approach to simultaneously form multiscale hierarchical surface morphologies through sequential wrinkling. This method combines surface wrinkling induced by thermal expansion and mechanical strain on a three-layer structure composed of an aluminum film, a hard Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, and a soft PDMS substrate. Deposition of the aluminum film on hard PDMS induces biaxial wrinkling due to thermal expansion mismatch, and recovering the prestrain in the soft PDMS substrate leads to wrinkling of the hard PDMS film. In total, three orders of wrinkling patterns form in this process, with wavelength and amplitude spanning 3 orders of magnitude in length scale. By increasing the prestrain in the soft PDMS substrate, a hierarchical wrinkling-folding structure was also obtained. This approach can be easily extended to other thin films for fabrication of multiscale hierarchical surface morphologies with potential applications in different areas.

Enhancement of simultaneous algicidal and denitrification of immobilized Acinetobacter sp. J25 with magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles.

PubMed

Su, Jun Feng; Liang, Dong Hui; Huang, Ting Lin; Wei, Li; Ma, Min; Lu, Jinsuo

2017-07-01

In this study, immobilization technique was employed to improve simultaneous algicidal and denitrification of immobilized Acinetobacter sp. J25 with magnetic Fe 3 O 4 in eutrophic landscape water. After 7 days of operation, the maximum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (54.43 U mg -1 ), nitrate removal efficiency (100% (0.2127 mg L -1  h -1 )), and chlorophyll-a removal efficiency (89.71%) were obtained from the immobilized J25 with magnetic Fe 3 O 4 . The results suggest that immobilized J25 with magnetic Fe 3 O 4 had better nitrogen removal efficiency and algicidal activity in eutrophic landscape water. High-throughput sequencing data profiled the strain J25 that was immobilized with magnetic Fe 3 O 4 which changed the composition of the microbial community. The results indicated a novel concept of enhancing the algicidal and denitrification property of immobilized bacteria with magnetic Fe 3 O 4 in eutrophic landscape water.

Development and validation of a high performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of vitamins A and D3 in fluid milk products.

PubMed

Chen, Yang; Reddy, Ravinder M; Li, Wenjing; Yettlla, Ramesh R; Lopez, Salvador; Woodman, Michael

2015-01-01

An HPLC method for simultaneous determination of vitamins A and D3 in fluid milk was developed and validated. Saponification and extraction conditions were studied for optimum recovery and simplicity. An RP HPLC system equipped with a C18 column and diode array detector was used for quantitation. The method was subjected to a single-laboratory validation using skim, 2% fat, and whole milk samples at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200% of the recommended fortification levels for vitamins A and D3 for Grade "A" fluid milk. The method quantitation limits for vitamins A and D3 were 0.0072 and 0.0026 μg/mL, respectively. Average recoveries between 94 and 110% and SD values ranging from 2.7 to 6.9% were obtained for both vitamins A and D3. The accuracy of the method was evaluated using a National Institute of Standards and Technology standard reference material (1849a) and proficiency test samples.

Effects of the Topical Application of Hydroalcoholic Leaf Extract of Oncidium flexuosum Sims. (Orchidaceae) and Microcurrent on the Healing of Wounds Surgically Induced in Wistar Rats

PubMed Central

de Gaspi, Fernanda Oliveira de G.; Foglio, Mary Ann; de Carvalho, João Ernesto; Santos, Gláucia Maria T.; Testa, Milene; Passarini, José Roberto; de Moraes, Cristiano Pedroso; Esquisatto, Marcelo A. Marreto; Mendonça, Josué S.; Mendonça, Fernanda A. Sampaio

2011-01-01

This study evaluated the wound healing activity of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Oncidium flexuosum Sims. (Orchidaceae), an important native plant of Brazil, combined or not with microcurrent stimulation. Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of nine animals: control (C), topical application of the extract (OF), treated with a microcurrent (10 μA/2 min) (MC), and topical application of the extract plus microcurrent (OF + MC). Tissue samples were obtained 2, 6, and 10 days after injury and submitted to structural and morphometric analysis. The simultaneous application of OF + MC was found to be highly effective in terms of the parameters analyzed (P < .05), with positive effects on the area of newly formed tissue, number of fibroblasts, number of newly formed blood vessels, and epithelial thickness. Morphometric data confirmed the structural findings. The O. flexuosum leaf extract contains active compounds that speed the healing process, especially when applied simultaneously with microcurrent stimulation. PMID:21716707

Development and validation of a magnetic solid-phase extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of amphetamine and methadone in urine.

PubMed

Taghvimi, Arezou; Hamishehkar, Hamed; Ebrahimi, Mahmoud

2016-06-01

The simultaneous determination of amphetamine and methadone was carried out by magnetic graphene oxide nanoparticles, a magnetic solid-phase extraction adsorbent, as a new sample treatment technique. The main factors (the amounts of sample volume, amount of adsorbent, type and amount of extraction organic solvent, time of extraction and desorption, pH, the ionic strength of extraction medium, and agitation rate) influencing the extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, good linearity was observed in the range of 100-1500 ng/mL for amphetamine and 100-1000 ng/mL for methadone. The method was evaluated for determination of AM and methadone in positive urine samples, satisfactory results were obtained, therefore magnetic solid-phase extraction can be applied as a novel method for the determination of drugs of abuse in forensic laboratories. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

A spike sorting toolbox for up to thousands of electrodes validated with ground truth recordings in vitro and in vivo

PubMed Central

Lefebvre, Baptiste; Deny, Stéphane; Gardella, Christophe; Stimberg, Marcel; Jetter, Florian; Zeck, Guenther; Picaud, Serge; Duebel, Jens

2018-01-01

In recent years, multielectrode arrays and large silicon probes have been developed to record simultaneously between hundreds and thousands of electrodes packed with a high density. However, they require novel methods to extract the spiking activity of large ensembles of neurons. Here, we developed a new toolbox to sort spikes from these large-scale extracellular data. To validate our method, we performed simultaneous extracellular and loose patch recordings in rodents to obtain ‘ground truth’ data, where the solution to this sorting problem is known for one cell. The performance of our algorithm was always close to the best expected performance, over a broad range of signal-to-noise ratios, in vitro and in vivo. The algorithm is entirely parallelized and has been successfully tested on recordings with up to 4225 electrodes. Our toolbox thus offers a generic solution to sort accurately spikes for up to thousands of electrodes. PMID:29557782

Steam explosion treatment for ethanol production from branches pruned from pear trees by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation.

PubMed

Sasaki, Chizuru; Okumura, Ryosuke; Asada, Chikako; Nakamura, Yoshitoshi

2014-01-01

This study investigated the production of ethanol from unutilized branches pruned from pear trees by steam explosion pretreatment. Steam pressures of 25, 35, and 45 atm were applied for 5 min, followed by enzymatic saccharification of the extracted residues with cellulase (Cellic CTec2). High glucose recoveries, of 93.3, 99.7, and 87.1%, of the total sugar derived from the cellulose were obtained from water- and methanol-extracted residues after steam explosion at 25, 35, and 45 tm, respectively. These values corresponded to 34.9, 34.3, and 27.1 g of glucose per 100 g of dry steam-exploded branches. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation experiments were done on water-extracted residues and water- and methanol-extracted residues by Kluyveromyces marxianus NBRC 1777. An overall highest theoretical ethanol yield of 76% of the total sugar derived from cellulose was achieved when 100 g/L of water- and methanol-washed residues from 35 atm-exploded pear branches was used as substrate.

Direct Spectrum of the Benchmark T Dwarf HD 19467 B

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crepp, Justin R.; Rice, Emily L.; Veicht, Aaron; Aguilar, Jonathan; Pueyo, Laurent; Giorla, Paige; Nilsson, Ricky; Luszcz-Cook, Statia H.; Oppenheimer, Rebecca; Hinkley, Sasha; Brenner, Douglas; Vasisht, Gautam; Cady, Eric; Beichman, Charles A.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A.; Lockhart, Thomas; Matthews, Christopher T.; Roberts, Lewis C., Jr.; Sivaramakrishnan, Anand; Soummer, Remi; Zhai, Chengxing

2015-01-01

HD 19467 B is presently the only directly imaged T dwarf companion known to induce a measurable Doppler acceleration around a solar-type star. We present spectroscopy measurements of this important benchmark object taken with the Project 1640 integral field unit at Palomar Observatory. Our high-contrast R ≈ 30 observations obtained simultaneously across the JH bands confirm the cold nature of the companion as reported from the discovery article and determine its spectral type for the first time. Fitting the measured spectral energy distribution to SpeX/IRTF T dwarf standards and synthetic spectra from BT-Settl atmospheric models, we find that HD 19467 B is a T5.5 ± 1 dwarf with effective temperature T_eff=978+20-43 K. Our observations reveal significant methane absorption affirming its substellar nature. HD 19467 B shows promise to become the first T dwarf that simultaneously reveals its mass, age, and metallicity independent from the spectrum of light that it emits.

Fully solar-powered photoelectrochemical conversion for simultaneous energy storage and chemical sensing.

PubMed

Wang, Yongcheng; Tang, Jing; Peng, Zheng; Wang, Yuhang; Jia, Dingsi; Kong, Biao; Elzatahry, Ahmed A; Zhao, Dongyuan; Zheng, Gengfeng

2014-06-11

We report the development of a multifunctional, solar-powered photoelectrochemical (PEC)-pseudocapacitive-sensing material system for simultaneous solar energy conversion, electrochemical energy storage, and chemical detection. The TiO2 nanowire/NiO nanoflakes and the Si nanowire/Pt nanoparticle composites are used as photoanodes and photocathodes, respectively. A stable open-circuit voltage of ∼0.45 V and a high pseudocapacitance of up to ∼455 F g(-1) are obtained, which also exhibit a repeating charging-discharging capability. The PEC-pseudocapacitive device is fully solar powered, without the need of any external power supply. Moreover, this TiO2 nanowire/NiO nanoflake composite photoanode exhibits excellent glucose sensitivity and selectivity. Under the sun light illumination, the PEC photocurrent shows a sensitive increase upon different glucose additions. Meanwhile in the dark, the open-circuit voltage of the charged pseudocapacitor also exhibits a corresponding signal over glucose analyte, thus serving as a full solar-powered energy conversion-storage-utilization system.

Simultaneous pretreatment and saccharification: green technology for enhanced sugar yields from biomass using a fungal consortium.

PubMed

Dhiman, Saurabh Sudha; Haw, Jung-Rim; Kalyani, Dayanand; Kalia, Vipin C; Kang, Yun Chan; Lee, Jung-Kul

2015-03-01

Two different biomasses were subjected to simultaneous pretreatment and saccharification (SPS) using a cocktail of hydrolytic and oxidizing enzymes. Application of a novel laccase as a detoxifying agent caused the removal of 49.8% and 32.6% of phenolic contents from the soaked rice straw and willow, respectively. Hydrolysis of soaked substrates using a newly developed fungal consortium resulted in saccharification yield of up to 74.2% and 63.6% for rice straw and willow, respectively. A high saccharification yield was obtained with soaked rice straw and willow without using any hazardous chemicals. The efficiency of each step related to SPS was confirmed by atomic force microscopy. The suitability of the developed SPS process was further confirmed by converting the hydrolysate from the process into bioethanol with 72.4% sugar conversion efficiency. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the development of a less tedious, single-pot, and eco-friendly SPS methodology. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

MSE spectrograph optical design: a novel pupil slicing technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spanò, P.

2014-07-01

The Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer shall be mainly devoted to perform deep, wide-field, spectroscopic surveys at spectral resolutions from ~2000 to ~20000, at visible and near-infrared wavelengths. Simultaneous spectral coverage at low resolution is required, while at high resolution only selected windows can be covered. Moreover, very high multiplexing (3200 objects) must be obtained at low resolution. At higher resolutions a decreased number of objects (~800) can be observed. To meet such high demanding requirements, a fiber-fed multi-object spectrograph concept has been designed by pupil-slicing the collimated beam, followed by multiple dispersive and camera optics. Different resolution modes are obtained by introducing anamorphic lenslets in front of the fiber arrays. The spectrograph is able to switch between three resolution modes (2000, 6500, 20000) by removing the anamorphic lenses and exchanging gratings. Camera lenses are fixed in place to increase stability. To enhance throughput, VPH first-order gratings has been preferred over echelle gratings. Moreover, throughput is kept high over all wavelength ranges by splitting light into more arms by dichroic beamsplitters and optimizing efficiency for each channel by proper selection of glass materials, coatings, and grating parameters.

The combination of high Q factor and chirality in twin cavities and microcavity chain

PubMed Central

Song, Qinghai; Zhang, Nan; Zhai, Huilin; Liu, Shuai; Gu, Zhiyuan; Wang, Kaiyang; Sun, Shang; Chen, Zhiwei; Li, Meng; Xiao, Shumin

2014-01-01

Chirality in microcavities has recently shown its bright future in optical sensing and microsized coherent light sources. The key parameters for such applications are the high quality (Q) factor and large chirality. However, the previous reported chiral resonances are either low Q modes or require very special cavity designs. Here we demonstrate a novel, robust, and general mechanism to obtain the chirality in circular cavity. By placing a circular cavity and a spiral cavity in proximity, we show that ultra-high Q factor, large chirality, and unidirectional output can be obtained simultaneously. The highest Q factors of the non-orthogonal mode pairs are almost the same as the ones in circular cavity. And the co-propagating directions of the non-orthogonal mode pairs can be reversed by tuning the mode coupling. This new mechanism for the combination of high Q factor and large chirality is found to be very robust to cavity size, refractive index, and the shape deformation, showing very nice fabrication tolerance. And it can be further extended to microcavity chain and microcavity plane. We believe that our research will shed light on the practical applications of chirality and microcavities. PMID:25262881

The LC-MS method for the simultaneous analysis of selected fat-soluble vitamins and their metabolites in serum samples obtained from pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis.

PubMed

Konieczna, Lucyna; Kaźmierska, Katarzyna; Roszkowska, Anna; Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz, Agnieszka; Bączek, Tomasz

2016-05-30

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common genetic diseases in children and affects mainly respiratory and digestive system functions. Despite the prolonged supplementation of vitamins, malnutrition manifested by poor growth and weight loss in children is a major complication in CF related to pancreatic insufficiency and difficulty in absorbing fat-soluble vitamins. In the present study, we have developed and validated a sensitive and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of three fat-soluble vitamins (A, E and K1) and two vitamin D3 active metabolites: 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in serum samples obtained from pediatric patients with CF. In optimized conditions, the LC-MS method was highly sensitive and presented excellent linearity with a regression coefficient higher than 0.999. The accuracy was in the range of 87.55-95.58 % for all analytes. The precision of the method, expressed as% RSD, ranged from 1.36 % to 3.74 % as the intra-day variability and from 2.35 % to 7.98 % as the inter-day precision for all the studied compounds. Sample preparation included a protein precipitation step with the use of methanol followed by liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane. The statistical analysis (t-test and principal component analysis (PCA)) of the obtained results revealed significant changes in the plasma level of the analyzed compounds, with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, vitamin E and K1 present at extremely low concentrations in patients with cystic fibrosis in comparison to healthy controls. The elaborated method reached the expectations for the fast and reliable assessment of fat-soluble vitamin status in children with cystic fibrosis in order to diagnose the disease and monitor the treatment process. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Simultaneous feedback control of plasma rotation and stored energy on NSTX-U using neoclassical toroidal viscosity and neutral beam injection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goumiri, I. R.; Rowley, C. W.; Sabbagh, S. A.; Gates, D. A.; Boyer, M. D.; Gerhardt, S. P.; Kolemen, E.; Menard, J. E.

2017-05-01

A model-based feedback system is presented enabling the simultaneous control of the stored energy through βn and the toroidal rotation profile of the plasma in National Spherical Torus eXperiment Upgrade device. Actuation is obtained using the momentum from six injected neutral beams and the neoclassical toroidal viscosity generated by applying three-dimensional magnetic fields. Based on a model of the momentum diffusion and torque balance, a feedback controller is designed and tested in closed-loop simulations using TRANSP, a time dependent transport analysis code, in predictive mode. Promising results for the ongoing experimental implementation of controllers are obtained.

Simultaneous feedback control of plasma rotation and stored energy on NSTX-U using neoclassical toroidal viscosity and neutral beam injection

PubMed Central

Goumiri, I. R.; Sabbagh, S. A.; Boyer, M. D.; Gerhardt, S. P.; Kolemen, E.; Menard, J. E.

2017-01-01

A model-based feedback system is presented enabling the simultaneous control of the stored energy through βn and the toroidal rotation profile of the plasma in National Spherical Torus eXperiment Upgrade device. Actuation is obtained using the momentum from six injected neutral beams and the neoclassical toroidal viscosity generated by applying three-dimensional magnetic fields. Based on a model of the momentum diffusion and torque balance, a feedback controller is designed and tested in closed-loop simulations using TRANSP, a time dependent transport analysis code, in predictive mode. Promising results for the ongoing experimental implementation of controllers are obtained. PMID:28435207

Coherent perfect absorber and laser modes in purely imaginary metamaterials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fu, Yangyang; Cao, Yanyan; Cummer, Steven A.; Xu, Yadong; Chen, Huanyang

2017-10-01

Conjugate metamaterials, in which the permittivity and the permeability are complex conjugates of each other, possess the elements of loss and gain simultaneously. By employing a conjugate metamaterial with a purely imaginary form, we propose a mechanism for realizing both coherent perfect absorber (CPA) and laser modes. Moreover, the general conditions for obtaining CPA and laser modes, including obtaining them simultaneously, are revealed by analyzing the wave scattering properties of a slab made of purely imaginary metamaterials (PIMs). Specifically, in a PIM slab with a subunity effective refractive index, the CPA mode can be simplified as a perfect absorption mode and the incident wave from one side could be perfectly absorbed.

Algorithms for solving large sparse systems of simultaneous linear equations on vector processors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

David, R. E.

1984-01-01

Very efficient algorithms for solving large sparse systems of simultaneous linear equations have been developed for serial processing computers. These involve a reordering of matrix rows and columns in order to obtain a near triangular pattern of nonzero elements. Then an LU factorization is developed to represent the matrix inverse in terms of a sequence of elementary Gaussian eliminations, or pivots. In this paper it is shown how these algorithms are adapted for efficient implementation on vector processors. Results obtained on the CYBER 200 Model 205 are presented for a series of large test problems which show the comparative advantages of the triangularization and vector processing algorithms.

Simultaneous feedback control of plasma rotation and stored energy on NSTX-U using neoclassical toroidal viscosity and neutral beam injection

DOE PAGES

Goumiri, I. R.; Rowley, C. W.; Sabbagh, S. A.; ...

2017-02-23

In this study, a model-based feedback system is presented enabling the simultaneous control of the stored energy through β n and the toroidal rotation profile of the plasma in National Spherical Torus eXperiment Upgrade device. Actuation is obtained using the momentum from six injected neutral beams and the neoclassical toroidal viscosity generated by applying three-dimensional magnetic fields. Based on a model of the momentum diffusion and torque balance, a feedback controller is designed and tested in closed-loop simulations using TRANSP, a time dependent transport analysis code, in predictive mode. Promising results for the ongoing experimental implementation of controllers are obtained.

A new ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled to electrospray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analytical strategy for fast analysis and improved characterization of phenolic compounds in apple products.

PubMed

Ramirez-Ambrosi, M; Abad-Garcia, B; Viloria-Bernal, M; Garmon-Lobato, S; Berrueta, L A; Gallo, B

2013-11-05

A new, rapid, selective and sensitive ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled to electrospray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-ESI-Q-ToF-MS) strategy using automatic and simultaneous acquisition of exact mass at high and low collision energy, MS(E), has been developed to obtain polyphenolic profile of apples, apple pomace and apple juice from Asturian cider apples in a single run injection of 22 min. MS(E) spectral data acquisition overcomes chromatographic co-elution problems, performing simultaneous collection of precursor ions as well as other ions produced as a result of their fragmentation, which allows resolving complex spectra from mixtures of precursor ions in an unsupervised way and eases their interpretation. Using this technique, 52 phenolic compounds of five different classes were readily characterized in these apple extracts in both positive and negative ionization modes. The spectral data for phenolic compounds obtained using this acquisition mode are comparable to those obtained by conventional LC-MS/MS as exemplified in this work. Among the 52 phenolic compounds identified in this work, 2 dihydrochalcones and 3 flavonols have been tentatively identified for the first time in apple products. Moreover, 2 flavanols, 4 dihydrochalcones, 9 hydroxycinnamic acids and 4 flavonols had not been previously reported in apple by ToF analysis to our knowledge. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Baseline estimation from simultaneous satellite laser tracking

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dedes, George C.

1987-01-01

Simultaneous Range Differences (SRDs) to Lageos are obtained by dividing the observing stations into pairs with quasi-simultaneous observations. For each of those pairs the station with the least number of observations is identified, and at its observing epochs interpolated ranges for the alternate station are generated. The SRD observables are obtained by subtracting the actually observed laser range of the station having the least number of observations from the interpolated ranges of the alternate station. On the basis of these observables semidynamic single baseline solutions were performed. The aim of these solutions is to further develop and implement the SRD method in the real data environment, to assess its accuracy, its advantages and disadvantages as related to the range dynamic mode methods, when the baselines are the only parameters of interest. Baselines, using simultaneous laser range observations to Lageos, were also estimated through the purely geometric method. These baselines formed the standards the standards of comparison in the accuracy assessment of the SRD method when compared to that of the range dynamic mode methods. On the basis of this comparison it was concluded that for baselines of regional extent the SRD method is very effective, efficient, and at least as accurate as the range dynamic mode methods, and that on the basis of a simple orbital modeling and a limited orbit adjustment. The SRD method is insensitive to the inconsistencies affecting the terrestrial reference frame and simultaneous adjustment of the Earth Rotation Parameters (ERPs) is not necessary.

A novel method to hit the limit temperature of Stirling-type cryocooler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jue; Pan, Changzhao; Zhang, Tong; Luo, Kaiqi; Zhou, Yuan; Wang, Junjie

2018-02-01

The Stirling-type cryocooler with its compact size and high efficiency is always expected to obtain its temperature limit of below 3 K. However, the pressure drop losses caused by high-frequency oscillation create large obstacles for this objective. This paper reports a novel thermal-driven Stirling-type cryocooler to obtain the lowest temperature of a Stirling-type cryocooler. The advantages of a thermal-driven cryocooler (Vuilleumier cryocooler) and pulse tube cryocooler are combined with a new type of cryocooler, called the Vuilleumier gas-coupling pulse tube hybrid cryocooler (VM-PT). A prototype of the VM-PT was recently developed and optimized in our laboratory. By using helium-4 as the working gas and magnetic regenerative materials (HoCu2 and Er3Ni), the lowest temperature of 2.5 K was obtained, which can be regarded as an important breakthrough for the Stirling-type cryocooler to achieve its limit temperature of below 3 K. It can supply >30 mW cooling power at 4.2 K and >500 mW cooling power at 20 K simultaneously. Theoretically, it is feasible to use this VM-PT for cooling the superconducting devices in space applications.

Laser a balayage spectral double-bande pour l'imagerie biomedicale multimodale

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goulamhoussen, Nadir

A novel swept laser providing simultaneous dual-band (780nm and 1 300 nm) wavelength scanning has been designed for use in multimodal imaging systems. The swept laser is based on two gain media : a fibered semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) centered at 1 300nm and a free-space laser diode centered at 780 nm. Simultaneous wavelength tuning for both bands is obtained by separate wavelength filters set up around the same rotating polygonal mirror. For each band, a telescope in an infinite conjugate setup converges the wavelengths dispersed by a grating on the polygon. The polygon reflects back a narrow band of wavelengths for amplification in the gain medium. Rotating the polygon enables wavelength tuning and imaging at a rate of 6 000 to 30 000 spectral lines/s, or A-lines/s in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). The 780nm source has a bandwidth of 37 nm, a fibered output power of 54 mW and a coherence length of 11 mm. The 1 300nm source has a bandwidth of 75 nm, a fibered output power of 17mW and a coherence length of 7.2 mm. Three multimodal systems were designed to test the potential of the swept laser in biomedical imaging. A two color OCT which allows three-dimensional in depth imaging of biological tissues with good morphological contrast was first designed, including a novel arrangement for balanced detection in both bands. A simultaneous OCT and SECM instrument was also built in which spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM) provides en face images of subcellular features with high resolution on top of the 3D high penetration image obtained by OCT. Finally, a system combining OCT with fluorescence was designed, thus adding functional imaging to structural OCT images. There are many prospective paths for these three modalities, first among them the adaptation of the systems such that they may be used with imaging probes. One potential solution would be the development of novel fiber components to combine the illumination of theses modalities while demultiplexing their detection, and as would be the development of new optomechanics to enable 3D real-time in vivo imaging.

Simultaneous visualization of the subfemtomolar expression of microRNA and microRNA target gene using HILO microscopy.

PubMed

Lin, Yi-Zhen; Ou, Da-Liang; Chang, Hsin-Yuan; Lin, Wei-Yu; Hsu, Chiun; Chang, Po-Ling

2017-09-01

The family of microRNAs (miRNAs) not only plays an important role in gene regulation but is also useful for the diagnosis of diseases. A reliable method with high sensitivity may allow researchers to detect slight fluctuations in ultra-trace amounts of miRNA. In this study, we propose a sensitive imaging method for the direct probing of miR-10b (miR-10b-3p, also called miR-10b*) and its target ( HOXD10 mRNA) in fixed cells based on the specific recognition of molecular beacons combined with highly inclined and laminated optical sheet (HILO) fluorescence microscopy. The designed dye-quencher-labelled molecular beacons offer excellent efficiencies of fluorescence resonance energy transfer that allow us to detect miRNA and the target mRNA simultaneously in hepatocellular carcinoma cells using HILO fluorescence microscopy. Not only can the basal trace amount of miRNA be observed in each individual cell, but the obtained images also indicate that this method is useful for monitoring the fluctuations in ultra-trace amounts of miRNA when the cells are transfected with a miRNA precursor or a miRNA inhibitor (anti-miR). Furthermore, a reasonable causal relation between the miR-10b and HOXD10 expression levels was observed in miR-10b* precursor-transfected cells and miR-10b* inhibitor-transfected cells. The trends of the miRNA alterations obtained using HILO microscopy completely matched the RT-qPCR data and showed remarkable reproducibility (the coefficient of variation [CV] = 0.86%) and sensitivity (<1.0 fM). This proposed imaging method appears to be useful for the simultaneous visualisation of ultra-trace amounts of miRNA and target mRNA and excludes the procedures for RNA extraction and amplification. Therefore, the visualisation of miRNA and the target mRNA should facilitate the exploration of the functions of ultra-trace amounts of miRNA in fixed cells in biological studies and may serve as a powerful tool for diagnoses based on circulating cancer cells.

Two-way and three-way approaches to ultra high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array dataset for the quantitative resolution of a two-component mixture containing ciprofloxacin and ornidazole.

PubMed

Dinç, Erdal; Ertekin, Zehra Ceren; Büker, Eda

2016-09-01

Two-way and three-way calibration models were applied to ultra high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array data with coeluted peaks in the same wavelength and time regions for the simultaneous quantitation of ciprofloxacin and ornidazole in tablets. The chromatographic data cube (tensor) was obtained by recording chromatographic spectra of the standard and sample solutions containing ciprofloxacin and ornidazole with sulfadiazine as an internal standard as a function of time and wavelength. Parallel factor analysis and trilinear partial least squares were used as three-way calibrations for the decomposition of the tensor, whereas three-way unfolded partial least squares was applied as a two-way calibration to the unfolded dataset obtained from the data array of ultra high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. The validity and ability of two-way and three-way analysis methods were tested by analyzing validation samples: synthetic mixture, interday and intraday samples, and standard addition samples. Results obtained from two-way and three-way calibrations were compared to those provided by traditional ultra high performance liquid chromatography. The proposed methods, parallel factor analysis, trilinear partial least squares, unfolded partial least squares, and traditional ultra high performance liquid chromatography were successfully applied to the quantitative estimation of the solid dosage form containing ciprofloxacin and ornidazole. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Combined resistive and laser heating technique for in situ radial X-ray diffraction in the diamond anvil cell at high pressure and temperature

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Miyagi, Lowell; Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717; Kanitpanyacharoen, Waruntorn

2013-02-15

To extend the range of high-temperature, high-pressure studies within the diamond anvil cell, a Liermann-type diamond anvil cell with radial diffraction geometry (rDAC) was redesigned and developed for synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments at beamline 12.2.2 of the Advanced Light Source. The rDAC, equipped with graphite heating arrays, allows simultaneous resistive and laser heating while the material is subjected to high pressure. The goals are both to extend the temperature range of external (resistive) heating and to produce environments with lower temperature gradients in a simultaneously resistive- and laser-heated rDAC. Three different geomaterials were used as pilot samples to calibrate andmore » optimize conditions for combined resistive and laser heating. For example, in Run1, FeO was loaded in a boron-mica gasket and compressed to 11 GPa then gradually resistively heated to 1007 K (1073 K at the diamond side). The laser heating was further applied to FeO to raise temperature to 2273 K. In Run2, Fe-Ni alloy was compressed to 18 GPa and resistively heated to 1785 K (1973 K at the diamond side). The combined resistive and laser heating was successfully performed again on (Mg{sub 0.9}Fe{sub 0.1})O in Run3. In this instance, the sample was loaded in a boron-kapton gasket, compressed to 29 GPa, resistive-heated up to 1007 K (1073 K at the diamond side), and further simultaneously laser-heated to achieve a temperature in excess of 2273 K at the sample position. Diffraction patterns obtained from the experiments were deconvoluted using the Rietveld method and quantified for lattice preferred orientation of each material under extreme conditions and during phase transformation.« less

Low-cost and disposable sensors for the simultaneous determination of coenzyme Q10 and α-lipoic acid using manganese (IV) oxide-modified screen-printed graphene electrodes.

PubMed

Charoenkitamorn, Kanokwan; Chaiyo, Sudkate; Chailapakul, Orawon; Siangproh, Weena

2018-04-03

In this work, for the first time, manganese (IV) oxide-modified screen-printed graphene electrodes (MnO 2 /SPGEs) were developed for the simultaneous electrochemical detection of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and α-lipoic acid (ALA). This sensor exhibits attractive benefits such as simplicity, low production costs, and disposability. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to characterize the electrochemical behavior of the analyte and investigate the capacitance and electroactive surface area of the unmodified and modified electrode surfaces. The electrochemical behavior of CoQ10 and ALA on MnO 2 /SPGEs was also discussed. Additionally, square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was used for the quantitative determination of CoQ10 and ALA. Under optimal conditions, the obtained signals are linear in the concentration range from 2.0 to 75.0 μg mL -1 for CoQ10 and 0.3-25.0 μg mL -1 for ALA. The low limits of detection (LODs) were found to be 0.56 μg mL -1 and 0.088 μg mL -1 for CoQ10 and ALA, respectively. Moreover, we demonstrated the utility and applicability of the MnO 2 /SPGE sensor through simultaneous measurements of CoQ10 and ALA in dietary supplements. The sensor provides high accuracy measurements, exhibiting its high potential for practical applications. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Simultaneous Estimation of Amlodipine Besilate and Olmesartan Medoxomil in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

PubMed Central

Wankhede, S. B.; Wadkar, S. B.; Raka, K. C.; Chitlange, S. S.

2009-01-01

Two UV Spectrophotometric and one reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography methods have been developed for the simultaneous estimation of amlodipine besilate and olmesartan medoxomil in tablet dosage form. First UV spectrophotometric method was a determination using the simultaneous equation method at 237.5 nm and 255.5 nm over the concentration range 10-50 μg/ml and 10-50 μg/ml, for amlodipine besilate and olmesartan medoxomil with accuracy 100.09%, and 100.22% respectively. Second UV spectrophotometric method was a determination using the area under curve method at 242.5-232.5 nm and 260.5-250.5 nm over the concentration range of 10-50 μg/ml and 10-50 μg/ml, for amlodipine besilate and olmesartan medoxomil with accuracy 100.10%, and 100.48%, respectively. In reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography analysis carried out using 0.05M potassuim dihydrogen phosphate buffer:acetonitrile (50:50 v/v) as the mobile phase and Kromasil C18 (4.6 mm i.d.×250 mm) column as the stationery phase with detection wavelength of 238 nm. Flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. Retention time for amlodipine besilate and olmesartan medoxomil were 3.69 and 5.36 min, respectively. Linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 4-20 μg/ml and 10-50 μg/ml for amlodipine besilate and olmesartan medoxomil, respectively. Proposed methods can be used for the estimation of amlodipine besilate and olmesartan medoxomil in tablet dosage form provided all the validation parameters are met. PMID:20502580

Design of current source for multi-frequency simultaneous electrical impedance tomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Bing; Xu, Yanbin; Dong, Feng

2017-09-01

Multi-frequency electrical impedance tomography has been evolving from the frequency-sweep approach to the multi-frequency simultaneous measurement technique which can reduce measuring time and will be increasingly attractive for time-varying biological applications. The accuracy and stability of the current source are the key factors determining the quality of the image reconstruction. This article presents a field programmable gate array-based current source for a multi-frequency simultaneous electrical impedance tomography system. A novel current source circuit was realized by combining the classic current mirror based on the feedback amplifier AD844 with a differential topology. The optimal phase offsets of harmonic sinusoids were obtained through the crest factor analysis. The output characteristics of this current source were evaluated by simulation and actual measurement. The results include the following: (1) the output impedance was compared with one of the Howland pump circuit in simulation, showing comparable performance at low frequencies. However, the proposed current source makes lower demands for resistor tolerance but performs even better at high frequencies. (2) The output impedance in actual measurement below 200 kHz is above 1.3 MΩ and can reach 250 KΩ up to 1 MHz. (3) An experiment based on a biological RC model has been implemented. The mean error for the demodulated impedance amplitude and phase are 0.192% and 0.139°, respectively. Therefore, the proposed current source is wideband, biocompatible, and high precision, which demonstrates great potential to work as a sub-system in the multi-frequency electrical impedance tomography system.

A highly sensitive LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of glycyrrhizin and its active metabolite glycyrrhetinic acid: Application to a human pharmacokinetic study after oral administration.

PubMed

Suzuki, Tsuneharu; Tsukahara, Michiko; Akasaka, Yuko; Inoue, Hideo

2017-12-01

A highly sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of glycyrrhizin (GL) and its active metabolite, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), from human plasma was validated and applied to a human pharmacokinetic study. The analytes were extracted from human plasma using an Oasis MAX cartridge and chromatographic separation was performed on an Inertsil ODS-3 column. The detection was performed using an API 4000 mass spectrometer operating in the positive electrospray ionization mode. Selected ion monitoring transitions of m/z 823 → 453 for GL and m/z 471 → 149 for GA were obtained. The response was a linear function of concentration over the ranges of 0.5-200 ng/mL for GL and 2-800 ng/mL for GA (both R 2  > 0.998). Using this method, the pharmacokinetics of GL after single oral administration of a clinical dose (75 mg) to six healthy male Japanese volunteers were evaluated. GL was detected in the plasma of all subjects and the average peak concentration was 24.8 ± 12.0 ng/mL. In contrast, peak concentration of GA was 200.3 ± 60.3 ng/mL, i.e. ~8-fold higher than that of GL. This is the first report clarifying pharmacokinetic profiles of GL and GA simultaneously at a therapeutic oral dose of a GL preparation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Simultaneous analysis and monitoring of 16 UV filters in cosmetics by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PubMed

Kim, Dojung; Kim, Sangseop; Kim, Seol-A; Choi, Myoengsin; Kwon, Kyoung-Jin; Kim, Mijeong; Kim, Dong-Sup; Kim, Seung-Hee; Choi, Bo-Kyung

2012-01-01

Sixteen UV filters were simultaneously analyzed using the high-performance liquid chromatographic method. They were drometrizole (USAN Drometrizole), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (USAN Enzacamene), menthyl anthranilate (USAN Menthyl anthranilate), benzophenone-3 (USAN Oxybenzone), benzophenone-8 (USAN Dioxybenzone), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (USAN Avobenzone), ethylhexyl triazone (USAN Octyl triazone), octocrylene (USAN Octocrylene), ethylhexyl dimethyl p-aminobenzoic acid (USAN Padimate O), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (USAN Octinoxate), p-aminobenzoic acid (USAN Aminobenzoic acid), 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid (USAN Ensulizole), isoamyl p-methoxycinnamate (USAN Amiloxate), and recent UV filters such as diethylhexyl butamidotriazone (USAN Iscotrizinol), methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (USAN Bisoctrizole), and terephthalylidene dicamphor sulfonic acid (USAN Ecamsule). Separation of the UV filters was carried out in a C(18) column with a gradient of methanol-phosphate buffer, and the UV detection was at 300, 320, or 360 nm without any interference. The limits of detection were between 0.08 and 1.94 μg/ml, and the limits of quantitation were between 0.24 and 5.89 μg/ml. The extracting solvent for the UV filters was methanol, except for ethylhexyl triazone and methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol, which were prepared with tetrahydrofuran. The recoveries from spiked samples were between 94.90% and 116.54%, depending on the matrixes used. The developed method was applied to 23 sunscreens obtained from local markets, and the results were acceptable to their own criteria and to maximum authorized concentrations. Consequently, these results would provide a simple extracting method and a simultaneous determination for various UV filters, which can improve the quality control process as well as the environmental monitoring of sunscreens.

Simultaneous determination of shikimic acid, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid in wild and transgenic Nicotiana langsdorffii plants exposed to abiotic stresses.

PubMed

Scalabrin, Elisa; Radaelli, Marta; Capodaglio, Gabriele

2016-06-01

The presence and relative concentration of phytohormones may be regarded as a good indicator of an organism's physiological state. The integration of the rolC gene from Agrobacterium rhizogenes and of the rat glucocorticoid receptor (gr) in Nicotiana langsdorffii Weinmann plants has shown to determine various physiological and metabolic effects. The analysis of wild and transgenic N. langsdorffii plants, exposed to different abiotic stresses (high temperature, water deficit, and high chromium concentrations) was conducted, in order to investigate the metabolic effects of the inserted genes in response to the applied stresses. The development of a new analytical procedure was necessary, in order to assure the simultaneous determination of analytes and to obtain an adequately low limit of quantification. For the first time, a sensitive HPLC-HRMS quantitative method for the simultaneous determination of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and shikimic acid was developed and validated. The method was applied to 80 plant samples, permitting the evaluation of plant stress responses and highlighting some metabolic mechanisms. Salicylic, jasmonic and shikimic acids proved to be suitable for the comprehension of plant stress responses. Chemical and heat stresses showed to induce the highest changes in plant hormonal status, differently affecting plant response. The potential of each genetic modification toward the applied stresses was marked and particularly the resistance of the gr modified plants was evidenced. This work provides new information in the study of N. langsdorffii and transgenic organisms, which could be useful for the further application of these transgenes. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Accelerated acquisition of tagged MRI for cardiac motion correction in simultaneous PET-MR: Phantom and patient studies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huang, Chuan, E-mail: chuan.huang@stonybrookmedicine.edu; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Departments of Radiology, Psychiatry, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York 11794

2015-02-15

Purpose: Degradation of image quality caused by cardiac and respiratory motions hampers the diagnostic quality of cardiac PET. It has been shown that improved diagnostic accuracy of myocardial defect can be achieved by tagged MR (tMR) based PET motion correction using simultaneous PET-MR. However, one major hurdle for the adoption of tMR-based PET motion correction in the PET-MR routine is the long acquisition time needed for the collection of fully sampled tMR data. In this work, the authors propose an accelerated tMR acquisition strategy using parallel imaging and/or compressed sensing and assess the impact on the tMR-based motion corrected PETmore » using phantom and patient data. Methods: Fully sampled tMR data were acquired simultaneously with PET list-mode data on two simultaneous PET-MR scanners for a cardiac phantom and a patient. Parallel imaging and compressed sensing were retrospectively performed by GRAPPA and kt-FOCUSS algorithms with various acceleration factors. Motion fields were estimated using nonrigid B-spline image registration from both the accelerated and fully sampled tMR images. The motion fields were incorporated into a motion corrected ordered subset expectation maximization reconstruction algorithm with motion-dependent attenuation correction. Results: Although tMR acceleration introduced image artifacts into the tMR images for both phantom and patient data, motion corrected PET images yielded similar image quality as those obtained using the fully sampled tMR images for low to moderate acceleration factors (<4). Quantitative analysis of myocardial defect contrast over ten independent noise realizations showed similar results. It was further observed that although the image quality of the motion corrected PET images deteriorates for high acceleration factors, the images were still superior to the images reconstructed without motion correction. Conclusions: Accelerated tMR images obtained with more than 4 times acceleration can still provide relatively accurate motion fields and yield tMR-based motion corrected PET images with similar image quality as those reconstructed using fully sampled tMR data. The reduction of tMR acquisition time makes it more compatible with routine clinical cardiac PET-MR studies.« less

Recent Results With Coupled Opto-Electronic Oscillators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yao, X. S.; Maleki, L.; Wu, C.; Davis, L.; Forouhar, S.

1998-07-01

We present experimental results of coupled opto-electronic oscillators (COEOs) constructed with a semiconductor optical-amplifier-based ring laser, a semiconductor Fabry-Perot laser, and a semiconductor colliding-pulse mode-locked laser. Each COEO can simultaneously generate short optical pulses and spectrally pure RF signals. With these devices, we obtained optical pulses as short as 6 ps and RF signals as high in frequency as 18 GHz with a spectral purity comparable to an HP 8561B synthesizer. These experiments demonstrate that COEOs are promising compact sources for generating low jitter optical pulses and low phase noise RF/millimeter wave signals.

Recent results with the coupled opto-electronic oscillator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yao, X. S.; Maleki, Lute; Wu, Chi; Davis, Lawrence J.; Forouhar, Siamak

1998-11-01

We present experimental results of coupled opto-electronic oscillators (COEO) constructed with a semiconductor optical amplifier based ring laser, a semiconductor Fabry-Perot laser, and a semiconductor colliding pulse mode-locked laser. Each COEO can simultaneously generate short optical pulses and spectrally pure RF signals. With these devices, we obtained optical pulses as short as 6 picoseconds and RF signals as high in frequency as 18 GHz with a spectral purity comparable with a HP8561B synthesizer. These experiments demonstrate that COEOs are promising compact sources for generating low jitter optical pulses and low phase noise RF/millimeter wave signals.

The development of laser speckle velocimetry for the measurement of vortical flow fields

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, C. A.; Lourenco, L. M. M.; Krothapalli, A.

1986-01-01

A new velocity measurement technique is described that provides the simultaneous visualization of a two-dimensional streamline pattern and the quantification of the velocity field. The main advantage of this technique is that the velocity field can be measured with sufficient accuracy and spatial resolution so that the vorticity field can be readily obtained. This technique is ideally suited for the study of unsteady vortical flows, which occur in rotorcraft and in high-angle-of-attack aerodynamics. The technique, some of the important parameters that affect its use, and some recent examples are described.

Intermittent behavior in the brain neuronal network in the perception of ambiguous images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hramov, Alexander E.; Kurovskaya, Maria K.; Runnova, Anastasiya E.; Zhuravlev, Maxim O.; Grubov, Vadim V.; Koronovskii, Alexey A.; Pavlov, Alexey N.; Pisarchik, Alexander N.

2017-03-01

Characteristics of intermittency during the perception of ambiguous images have been studied in the case the Necker cube image has been used as a bistable object for demonstration in the experiments, with EEG being simultaneously measured. Distributions of time interval lengths corresponding to the left-oriented and right-oriented Necker cube perception have been obtain. EEG data have been analyzed using continuous wavelet transform which was shown that the destruction of alpha rhythm with accompanying generation of high frequency oscillations can serve as a electroencephalographical marker of Necker cube recognition process in human brain.

Distributed temperature sensor testing in liquid sodium

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gerardi, Craig; Bremer, Nathan; Lisowski, Darius

Rayleigh-backscatter-based distributed fiber optic sensors were immersed in sodium to obtain high-resolution liquid-sodium temperature measurements. Distributed temperature sensors (DTSs) functioned well up to 400°C in a liquid sodium environment. The DTSs measured sodium column temperature and the temperature of a complex geometrical pattern that leveraged the flexibility of fiber optics. A single Ø 360 lm OD sensor registered dozens of temperatures along a length of over one meter at 100 Hz. We also demonstrated the capability to use a single DTS to simultaneously detect thermal interfaces (e.g. sodium level) and measure temperature.

Measurement of H/D ratio and ion temperature on a HT-6M Tokamak

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wei, L.; Lin, X.

1997-01-01

By combining optical fibers with piezoelectric scanning Fabry{endash}Perot interferometer, the profiles of H{sub {alpha}} and D{sub {alpha}} have been determined simultaneously in a single Tokamak discharge. Consequently, the ratio of hydrogen to deuterium and ion temperature are obtained. Not only is the uncertainty of shot-to-shot avoided, the results of the experiment indicate that this instrumentation has the advantage of rapid wavelength scanning, large dispersion, high resolution, and good adaptability of working in adverse circumstances such as at a Tokamak site. {copyright} {ital 1997 American Institute of Physics.}

Combined magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound echography guidance for motion compensated HIFU interventions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ries, Mario; de Senneville, Baudouin Denis; Regard, Yvan; Moonen, Chrit

2012-11-01

The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility to integrate ultrasound echography as an additional imaging modality for continuous target tracking, while performing simultaneously real-time MR- thermometry to guide a High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) ablation. Experiments on a moving phantom were performed with MRI-guided HIFU during continuous ultrasound echography. Real-time US echography-based target tracking during MR-guided HIFU heating was performed with heated area dimensions similar to those obtained for a static target. The combination of both imaging modalities shows great potential for real-time beam steering and MR-thermometry.

The Balloon Experimental Twin Telescope for Infrared Interferometry (BETTII)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rinehart, Stephen

2012-01-01

The Balloon Experimental Twin Telescope for Infrared Interferometry (BETTII) is an 8-meter baseline far-infrared interferometer to fly on a high altitude balloon. BETTII uses a double-Fourier Michelson interferometer to simultaneously obtain spatial and spectral information on science targets; the long baseline provides subarcsecond angular resolution, a capability unmatched by other far-infrared facilities. Here, we present key aspects of the overall design of the mission and provide an overview of the current status of the project. We also discuss briefly the implications of this experiment for future space-based far-infrared interferometers.

High resolution multiple excitation spot optical microscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dilipkumar, Shilpa; Mondal, Partha Pratim

2011-06-01

We propose fundamental improvements in three-dimensional (3D) resolution of multiple excitation spot optical microscopy. The excitation point spread function (PSF) is generated by two interfering counter-propagating depth-of-focus beams along the optical axis. Detection PSF is obtained by coherently interfering the emitted fluorescent light (collected by both the objectives) at the detector. System PSF shows upto 14-fold reduction in focal volume as compared to confocal, and almost 2-fold improvement in lateral resolution. Proposed PSF has the ability to simultaneously excite multiple 3D-spots of sub-femtoliter volume. Potential applications are in fluorescence microscopy and nanobioimaging.

Time-resolved scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Frömter, Robert, E-mail: rfroemte@physik.uni-hamburg.de; Oepen, Hans Peter; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg

2016-04-04

We demonstrate the feasibility of investigating periodically driven magnetization dynamics in a scanning electron microscope with polarization analysis based on spin-polarized low-energy electron diffraction. With the present setup, analyzing the time structure of the scattering events, we obtain a temporal resolution of 700 ps, which is demonstrated by means of imaging the field-driven 100 MHz gyration of the vortex in a soft-magnetic FeCoSiB square. Owing to the efficient intrinsic timing scheme, high-quality movies, giving two components of the magnetization simultaneously, can be recorded on the time scale of hours.

Gaussian beam and physical optics iteration technique for wideband beam waveguide feed design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Veruttipong, W.; Chen, J. C.; Bathker, D. A.

1991-01-01

The Gaussian beam technique has become increasingly popular for wideband beam waveguide (BWG) design. However, it is observed that the Gaussian solution is less accurate for smaller mirrors (approximately less than 30 lambda in diameter). Therefore, a high-performance wideband BWG design cannot be achieved by using the Gaussian beam technique alone. This article demonstrates a new design approach by iterating Gaussian beam and BWG parameters simultaneously at various frequencies to obtain a wideband BWG. The result is further improved by comparing it with physical optics results and repeating the iteration.

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Abundances of Population II stars in NGC 6397 (Lind+, 2008)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lind, K.; Korn, A. J.; Barklem, P. S.; Grundahl, F.

2010-03-01

The target selection for the spectroscopic study is based on Stroemgren uvby photometry. The photometric observations were collected with the DFOSC instrument on the 1.5m telescope on La Silla, Chile, in 1997. Additional BVI photometric data were obtained in 2005. All spectroscopic data were collected in Service Mode, with the fibre-fed, multi-object, medium-high resolution spectrograph FLAMES/GIRAFFE at ESO-VLT. FLAMES allows for 132 objects to be observed simultaneously, with GIRAFFE in MEDUSA mode, between 2005 Mar 23 and Apr 04. (2 data files).

Comparing Simultaneous Stratospheric Aerosol and Ozone Lidar Measurements with SAGE 2 Data after the Mount Pinatubo Eruption

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yue, G. K.; Poole, L. R.; McCormick, M. P.; Veiga, R. E.; Wang, P.-H.; Rizi, V.; Masci, F.; DAltorio, A.; Visconti, G.

1995-01-01

Stratospheric aerosol and ozone profiles obtained simultaneously from the lidar station at the University of L'Aquila (42.35 deg N, 13.33 deg E, 683 m above sea level) during the first 6 months following the eruption of Mount Pinatubo are compared with corresponding nearby Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) 2 profiles. The agreement between the two data sets is found to be reasonably good. The temporal change of aerosol profiles obtained by both techniques showed the intrusion and growth of Pinatubo aerosols. In addition, ozone concentration profiles derived from an empirical time-series model based on SAGE 2 ozone data obtained before the Pinatubo eruption are compared with measured profiles. Good agreement is shown in the 1991 profiles, but ozone concentrations measured in January 1992 were reduced relative to time-series model estimates. Possible reasons for the differences between measured and model-based ozone profiles are discussed.

Multi-neuron intracellular recording in vivo via interacting autopatching robots

PubMed Central

Holst, Gregory L; Singer, Annabelle C; Han, Xue; Brown, Emery N

2018-01-01

The activities of groups of neurons in a circuit or brain region are important for neuronal computations that contribute to behaviors and disease states. Traditional extracellular recordings have been powerful and scalable, but much less is known about the intracellular processes that lead to spiking activity. We present a robotic system, the multipatcher, capable of automatically obtaining blind whole-cell patch clamp recordings from multiple neurons simultaneously. The multipatcher significantly extends automated patch clamping, or 'autopatching’, to guide four interacting electrodes in a coordinated fashion, avoiding mechanical coupling in the brain. We demonstrate its performance in the cortex of anesthetized and awake mice. A multipatcher with four electrodes took an average of 10 min to obtain dual or triple recordings in 29% of trials in anesthetized mice, and in 18% of the trials in awake mice, thus illustrating practical yield and throughput to obtain multiple, simultaneous whole-cell recordings in vivo. PMID:29297466

Fundamental Review ’Chemometrics’.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-02-01

using the inverted Abel integral equation to evaluate spectroscopic sources. They found that the selection of one of three methods tested depends...nonlinear simultaneous equations are then solved for the concentration of each component in a mixture. When more spectrometric data can be obtained (e.g...Liu (R12) uses six simultaneous equations to resolve overlapping 1-.ic-S-;-inping voltammograms. The use of the Kalman filter (R3) is very effective

Simultaneous assimilation of satellite NO2, O3, CO, and HNO3 data for the analysis of the tropospheric chemical composition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miyazaki, K.; Eskes, H.; Sudo, K.

2012-04-01

Carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) play an important role in tropospheric chemistry through their influences on the ozone and hydroxyl radical (OH). The simultaneous optimization of various chemical components is expected to improve the emission inversion through the better description of the chemical feedbacks in the NOx- and CO-chemistry. This study aims to reproduce chemical composition distributions in the troposphere by combining information obtained from multiple satellite data sets. The emissions of CO and NOx, together with the 3D concentration fields of all forecasted chemical species in the global CTM CHASER have been simultaneously optimized using the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) data assimilation technique, and NO2, O3, CO, and HNO3 data obtained from OMI, TES, MOPITT, and MLS satellite measurements. The performance is evaluated against independent data from ozone sondes, aircraft measurements, GOME-2, and SCIAMACHY satellite data. Observing System Experiments (OSEs) have been carried out. These OSEs quantify the relative importance of each data set on constraining the emissions and concentrations. We confirmed that the simultaneous data assimilation improved the agreement with these independent data sets. The combined analysis of multiple data sets by means of advanced data assimilation system can provide a useful framework for the air quality research.

Simultaneous and Continuous Estimation of Shoulder and Elbow Kinematics from Surface EMG Signals

PubMed Central

Zhang, Qin; Liu, Runfeng; Chen, Wenbin; Xiong, Caihua

2017-01-01

In this paper, we present a simultaneous and continuous kinematics estimation method for multiple DoFs across shoulder and elbow joint. Although simultaneous and continuous kinematics estimation from surface electromyography (EMG) is a feasible way to achieve natural and intuitive human-machine interaction, few works investigated multi-DoF estimation across the significant joints of upper limb, shoulder and elbow joints. This paper evaluates the feasibility to estimate 4-DoF kinematics at shoulder and elbow during coordinated arm movements. Considering the potential applications of this method in exoskeleton, prosthetics and other arm rehabilitation techniques, the estimation performance is presented with different muscle activity decomposition and learning strategies. Principle component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) are respectively employed for EMG mode decomposition with artificial neural network (ANN) for learning the electromechanical association. Four joint angles across shoulder and elbow are simultaneously and continuously estimated from EMG in four coordinated arm movements. By using ICA (PCA) and single ANN, the average estimation accuracy 91.12% (90.23%) is obtained in 70-s intra-cross validation and 87.00% (86.30%) is obtained in 2-min inter-cross validation. This result suggests it is feasible and effective to use ICA (PCA) with single ANN for multi-joint kinematics estimation in variant application conditions. PMID:28611573

An ℋ∞ full information approach for the feedforward controller design of a large blended wing body flexible aircraft

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Westermayer, C.; Schirrer, A.; Hemedi, M.; Kozek, M.

2013-12-01

An ℋ∞ full information feedforward design approach for longitudinal motion prefilter design of a large flexible blended wing body (BWB) aircraft is presented. An existing onset is extended such that specifications concerning command tracking, limited control energy, and manoeuvre load reduction can be addressed simultaneously. Therefore, the utilized design architecture is provided and manual tuning aspects are considered. In order to increase controller tuning efficiency, an automated tuning process based on several optimization criteria is proposed. Moreover, two design methodologies for the parameter-varying design case are investigated. The obtained controller is validated on a high-order nonlinear model, indicating the high potential of the presented approach for flexible aircraft control.

High performance MIIM diode based on cobalt oxide/titanium oxide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herner, S. B.; Weerakkody, A. D.; Belkadi, A.; Moddel, G.

2017-05-01

Optical rectennas for infrared energy harvesting commonly incorporate metal/double-insulator/metal diodes. Required diode characteristics include high responsivity and low resistance near zero bias with a sub-micron area, which have not been obtainable simultaneously. Diodes based on a new material set, Co/Co3O4/TiO2/Ti and an area of 0.071 μm2, provide a median maximum responsivity of 4.1 A/W, a median zero-bias responsivity of 1.2 A/W, and a median resistance of 14 kΩ. The highest performing diode has a maximum responsivity of 4.4 A/W, a zero-bias responsivity of 2.2 A/W, and a resistance of 18 kΩ.

Electroactive fluorinate-based polymers: Ferroelectric and dielectric properties

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yu Zhi; Chen Ang; Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325

2004-12-15

The dielectric, ferroelectric, and electroactive strain behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymers and poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene) terpolymers is studied in a wide temperature and frequency range. The dielectric response from two dielectric polarization processes, modes A(A{sup '}) and B, and the dielectric-background contribution can be identified for these polymers by using the Cole-Cole plot method. Therefore physically reasonable parameters are obtained by fitting the relaxation time to the Vogel-Fulcher relation. On the other hand, the dielectric relaxation step and high strain decrease simultaneously with decreasing temperature; this indicates that the dielectric relaxation process and high strain behavior are strongly correlated. The electron-irradiationmore » effect in copolymers and the monomer effect in terpolymers are discussed.« less

The coating design of phase-shifting reflector array with high reflectance and specified reflection phase shifts for static Michelson interferometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xuanni; Zhang, Hui; Wang, Yijun

2016-02-01

The optical Doppler Michelson imaging interferometer is widely used for wind measurements. Four interferograms obtained simultaneously are needed to immune to environmental disturbances. Thus, a static and divided mirror Michelson interferometer is proposed. Its highlight is the phase-shifting reflector array, which divides one mirror into four quadrants coated by different multilayer films with high reflectance, specified phase steps π/2 and little polarization effects. By combining analytical and empirical method, four coatings are designed with software TFCalc. The simulated results showed good agreement with the desired optical properties. Due to the limitation of the optical material and function of the software TFCalc, there are some design errors within tolerance.

Multiple excitation nano-spot generation and confocal detection for far-field microscopy.

PubMed

Mondal, Partha Pratim

2010-03-01

An imaging technique is developed for the controlled generation of multiple excitation nano-spots for far-field microscopy. The system point spread function (PSF) is obtained by interfering two counter-propagating extended depth-of-focus PSF (DoF-PSF), resulting in highly localized multiple excitation spots along the optical axis. The technique permits (1) simultaneous excitation of multiple planes in the specimen; (2) control of the number of spots by confocal detection; and (3) overcoming the point-by-point based excitation. Fluorescence detection from the excitation spots can be efficiently achieved by Z-scanning the detector/pinhole assembly. The technique complements most of the bioimaging techniques and may find potential application in high resolution fluorescence microscopy and nanoscale imaging.

Multiple excitation nano-spot generation and confocal detection for far-field microscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mondal, Partha Pratim

2010-03-01

An imaging technique is developed for the controlled generation of multiple excitation nano-spots for far-field microscopy. The system point spread function (PSF) is obtained by interfering two counter-propagating extended depth-of-focus PSF (DoF-PSF), resulting in highly localized multiple excitation spots along the optical axis. The technique permits (1) simultaneous excitation of multiple planes in the specimen; (2) control of the number of spots by confocal detection; and (3) overcoming the point-by-point based excitation. Fluorescence detection from the excitation spots can be efficiently achieved by Z-scanning the detector/pinhole assembly. The technique complements most of the bioimaging techniques and may find potential application in high resolution fluorescence microscopy and nanoscale imaging.

Multiphoton imaging with a nanosecond supercontinuum source

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lefort, Claire; O'Connor, Rodney P.; Blanquet, Véronique; Baraige, Fabienne; Tombelaine, Vincent; Lévêque, Philippe; Couderc, Vincent; Leproux, Philippe

2016-03-01

Multiphoton microscopy is a well-established technique for biological imaging of several kinds of targets. It is classically based on multiphoton processes allowing two means of contrast simultaneously: two-photon fluorescence (TPF) and second harmonic generation (SHG). Today, the quasi exclusive laser technology used in that aim is femtosecond titanium sapphire (Ti: Sa) laser. We experimentally demonstrate that a nanosecond supercontinuum laser source (STM-250-VIS-IR-custom, Leukos, France; 1 ns, 600-2400 nm, 250 kHz, 1 W) allows to obtain the same kind of image quality in the case of both TPF and SHG, since it is properly filtered. The first set of images concerns the muscle of a mouse. It highlights the simultaneous detection of TPF and SHG. TPF is obtained thanks to the labelling of alpha-actinin with Alexa Fluor® 546 by immunochemistry. SHG is created from the non-centrosymmetric organization of myosin. As expected, discs of actin and myosin are superimposed alternatively. The resulting images are compared with those obtained from a standard femtosecond Ti: Sa source. The physical parameters of the supercontinuum are discussed. Finally, all the interest of using an ultra-broadband source is presented with images obtained in vivo on the brain of a mouse where tumor cells labeled with eGFP are grafted. Texas Red® conjugating Dextran is injected into the blood vessels network. Thus, two fluorophores having absorption wavelengths separated by 80 nm are imaged simultaneously with a single laser source.

Noise impact of advanced high lift systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Elmer, Kevin R.; Joshi, Mahendra C.

1995-01-01

The impact of advanced high lift systems on aircraft size, performance, direct operating cost and noise were evaluated for short-to-medium and medium-to-long range aircraft with high bypass ratio and very high bypass ratio engines. The benefit of advanced high lift systems in reducing noise was found to be less than 1 effective-perceived-noise decibel level (EPNdB) when the aircraft were sized to minimize takeoff gross weight. These aircraft did, however, have smaller wings and lower engine thrusts for the same mission than aircraft with conventional high lift systems. When the advanced high lift system was implemented without reducing wing size and simultaneously using lower flap angles that provide higher L/D at approach a cumulative noise reduction of as much as 4 EPNdB was obtained. Comparison of aircraft configurations that have similar approach speeds showed cumulative noise reduction of 2.6 EPNdB that is purely the result of incorporating advanced high lift system in the aircraft design.

MCX based solid phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of 31 endocrine-disrupting compounds in surface water of Shanghai.

PubMed

Zhang, Hong-Chang; Yu, Xue-jun; Yang, Wen-chao; Peng, Jin-feng; Xu, Ting; Yin, Da-Qiang; Hu, Xia-lin

2011-10-15

A novel analytical method employing MCX (mixed-mode cationic exchange) based solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed to detect 31 endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in surface water samples simultaneously. The target EDCs belong to five classes, including seven estrogens, eight androgens, six progesterones, five adrenocortical hormones and five industrial compounds. In order to simultaneously concentrate the target EDCs and eliminate matrix interferences in the water samples, MCX SPE cartridges were employed for SPE, and then followed by a simple and highly efficient three-step sequential elution procedure. Two electrospray ionization (ESI) detection modes, positive (ESI+) and (ESI-), were optimized for HPLC-MS/MS analysis to obtain the highest sensitivity for all the EDCs. The limits of detection (LODs) were 0.02-1.9 ng L(-1), which are lower than or comparable to these reported in references. Wide linear ranges (LOD-100 ng L(-1) for ESI+ mode, and LOD-200 ng L(-1) for ESI- mode) were obtained with determination coefficients (R(2)) higher than 0.99 for all the compounds. With five internal standards, good recoveries (84.4-103.0%) of all the target compounds were obtained in selected surface water samples. The developed method was successfully applied to investigate the EDCs occurrence in the surface water of Shanghai by analyzing surface water samples from 11 sites. The results showed that nearly all the target compounds (30 in 31) were present in the surface water samples of Shanghai, of which three industrial compounds (4-t-OP, BPA, and BPF) showed the highest concentrations (median concentrations were 11.88-23.50 ng L(-1)), suggesting that industrial compounds were the dominating EDCs in the surface water of Shanghai, and much more attention should be paid on these compounds. Our present research demonstrated that SPE with MCX cartridges combined with HPLC-MS/MS was convenient, efficient and reliable for multiclass analysis of EDCs in surface water. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A simultaneous derivatization of 3-monochloropropanediol and 1,3-dichloropropane with hexamethyldisilazane-trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate at room temperature for efficient analysis of food sample analysis.

PubMed

Lee, Bai Qin; Wan Mohamed Radzi, Che Wan Jasimah Bt; Khor, Sook Mei

2016-02-05

This paper reports the application of hexamethyldisilazane-trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (HMDS-TMSOTf) for the simultaneous silylation of 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) and 1,3-dicholoropropanol (1,3-DCP) in solid and liquid food samples. 3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP are chloropropanols that have been established as Group 2B carcinogens in clinical testing. They can be found in heat-processed food, especially when an extended high-temperature treatment is required. However, the current AOAC detection method is time-consuming and expensive. Thus, HMDS-TMSOTf was used in this study to provide a safer, and cost-effective alternative to the HFBI method. Three important steps are involved in the quantification of 3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP: extraction, derivatization and quantification. The optimization of the derivatization process, which involved focusing on the catalyst volume, derivatization temperature, and derivatization time was performed based on the findings obtained from both the Box-Behnken modeling and a real experimental set up. With the optimized conditions, the newly developed method was used for actual food sample quantification and the results were compared with those obtained via the standard AOAC method. The developed method required less samples and reagents but it could be used to achieve lower limits of quantification (0.0043mgL(-1) for 1,3-DCP and 0.0011mgL(-1) for 3-MCPD) and detection (0.0028mgL(-1) for 1,3-DCP and 0.0008mgL(-1) for 3-MCPD). All the detected concentrations are below the maximum tolerable limit of 0.02mgL(-1). The percentage of recovery obtained from food sample analysis was between 83% and 96%. The new procedure was validated with the AOAC method and showed a comparable performance. The HMDS-TMSOTf derivatization strategy is capable of simultaneously derivatizing 1,3-DCP and 3-MCPD at room temperature, and it also serves as a rapid, sensitive, and accurate analytical method for food samples analysis. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Vertical profiles of the 3-D wind velocity retrieved from multiple wind lidars performing triple range-height-indicator scans

DOE PAGES

Debnath, Mithu; Iungo, G. Valerio; Ashton, Ryan; ...

2017-02-06

Vertical profiles of 3-D wind velocity are retrieved from triple range-height-indicator (RHI) scans performed with multiple simultaneous scanning Doppler wind lidars. This test is part of the eXperimental Planetary boundary layer Instrumentation Assessment (XPIA) campaign carried out at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory. The three wind velocity components are retrieved and then compared with the data acquired through various profiling wind lidars and high-frequency wind data obtained from sonic anemometers installed on a 300 m meteorological tower. The results show that the magnitude of the horizontal wind velocity and the wind direction obtained from the triple RHI scans are generally retrieved withmore » good accuracy. Furthermore, poor accuracy is obtained for the evaluation of the vertical velocity, which is mainly due to its typically smaller magnitude and to the error propagation connected with the data retrieval procedure and accuracy in the experimental setup.« less

A high-resolution full-field range imaging system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carnegie, D. A.; Cree, M. J.; Dorrington, A. A.

2005-08-01

There exist a number of applications where the range to all objects in a field of view needs to be obtained. Specific examples include obstacle avoidance for autonomous mobile robots, process automation in assembly factories, surface profiling for shape analysis, and surveying. Ranging systems can be typically characterized as being either laser scanning systems where a laser point is sequentially scanned over a scene or a full-field acquisition where the range to every point in the image is simultaneously obtained. The former offers advantages in terms of range resolution, while the latter tend to be faster and involve no moving parts. We present a system for determining the range to any object within a camera's field of view, at the speed of a full-field system and the range resolution of some point laser scans. Initial results obtained have a centimeter range resolution for a 10 second acquisition time. Modifications to the existing system are discussed that should provide faster results with submillimeter resolution.

Structural and electrochemical characterisation of Pr 0.7Ca 0.3Cr 1- yMn yO 3- δ as symmetrical solid oxide fuel cell electrodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

El-Himri, Abdelouhad; Marrero-López, David; Ruiz-Morales, Juan Carlos; Peña-Martínez, Juan; Núñez, Pedro

A series of compounds with composition Pr 0.7Ca 0.3Cr 1- yMn yO 3- δ (y = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) were prepared from an alternative freeze-drying precursor method to obtain polycrystalline powders at relatively low temperature. These perovskite-type materials were tested simultaneously as both anode and cathode in a symmetrical SOFC. The effect of the ratio Mn/Cr on the structure, microstructure and electrochemical properties was studied. The performance is rather modest at low temperature and only interesting values were obtained at high temperatures. An assembled symmetrical SOFC rendered performances of 250 and 160 mW cm -2, at 950 °C, under humidified H 2 and CH 4 respectively.

Quantitative NO{sub 2} molecular tagging velocimetry at 500 kHz frame rate

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jiang, Naibo; Nishihara, Munetake; Lempert, Walter R.

2010-11-29

NO{sub 2} molecular tagging velocimetry (MTV) is demonstrated at repetition rates as high as 500 kHz in a laboratory scale Mach 5 wind tunnel. A pulse burst laser and a home built optical parametric oscillator system were used to simultaneously generate the required 355 and 226 nm wavelengths for NO{sub 2} photodissociation (tagging) and NO planar laser induced fluorescence imaging (interrogation), respectively. NO{sub 2} MTV images were obtained both in front and behind the characteristic bow shock from a 5 mm diameter cylinder. From Gaussian curve fitting, an average free stream flow velocity of 719 m/s was obtained. Absolute statisticalmore » precision in velocity of {approx}11.5 m/s was determined, corresponding to relative precision of 1.6%-5%, depending upon the region of the flow probed.« less

"Snowflake" divertor configuration in NSTX

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Soukhanovskii, V. A.; Ahn, J.-W.; Bell, R. E.; Gates, D. A.; Gerhardt, S.; Kaita, R.; Kolemen, E.; Kugel, H. W.; Leblanc, B. P.; Maingi, R.; Maqueda, R.; McLean, A.; Menard, J. E.; Mueller, D. M.; Paul, S. F.; Raman, R.; Roquemore, A. L.; Ryutov, D. D.; Scott, H. A.

2011-08-01

Steady-state handling of divertor heat flux is a critical issue for present and future conventional and spherical tokamaks with compact high power density divertors. A novel "snowflake" divertor (SFD) configuration that takes advantage of magnetic properties of a second-order poloidal null has been predicted to have a larger plasma-wetted area and a larger divertor volume, in comparison with a standard first-order poloidal X-point divertor configuration. The SFD was obtained in 0.8 MA, 4-6 MW NBI-heated H-mode discharges in NSTX using two divertor magnetic coils. The SFD led to a partial detachment of the outer strike point even in low-collisionality scrape-off layer plasma obtained with lithium coatings in NSTX. Significant divertor peak heat flux reduction and impurity screening have been achieved simultaneously with good core confinement and MHD properties.

Radial velocity confirmation of Kepler-91 b. Additional evidence of its planetary nature using the Calar Alto/CAFE instrument

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lillo-Box, J.; Barrado, D.; Henning, Th.; Mancini, L.; Ciceri, S.; Figueira, P.; Santos, N. C.; Aceituno, J.; Sánchez, S. F.

2014-08-01

The object transiting the star Kepler-91 was recently assessed as being of planetary nature. The confirmation was achieved by analysing the light-curve modulations observed in the Kepler data. However, quasi-simultaneous studies claimed a self-luminous nature for this object, thus rejecting it as a planet. In this work, we apply anindependent approach to confirm the planetary mass of Kepler-91b by using multi-epoch high-resolution spectroscopy obtained with the Calar Alto Fiber-fed Echelle spectrograph (CAFE). We obtain the physical and orbital parameters with the radial velocity technique. In particular, we derive a value of 1.09 ± 0.20 MJup for the mass of Kepler-91b, in excellent agreement with our previous estimate that was based on the orbital brightness modulation.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Deng, Junjing; Vine, David J.; Chen, Si

X-ray microscopy can be used to image whole, unsectioned cells in their native hydrated state. It complements the higher resolution of electron microscopy for submicrometer thick specimens, and the molecule-specific imaging capabilites of fluorescence light microscopy. We describe here the first use of fast, continuous x-ray scanning of frozen hydrated cells for simultaneous sub-20 nm resolution ptychographic transmission imaging with high contrast, and sub-100 nm resolution deconvolved x-ray fluorescence imaging of diffusible and bound ions at native concentrations, without the need to add specific labels. Here, by working with cells that have been rapidly frozen without the use of chemicalmore » fixatives, and imaging them under cryogenic conditions, we are able to obtain images with well preserved structural and chemical composition, and sufficient stability against radiation damage to allow for multiple images to be obtained with no observable change.« less

EXTREME AO OBSERVATIONS OF TWO TRIPLE ASTEROID SYSTEMS WITH SPHERE

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yang, B.; Wahhaj, Z.; Dumas, C.

We present the discovery of a new satellite of asteroid (130) Elektra—S/2014 (130) 1—in differential imaging and in integral field spectroscopy data over multiple epochs obtained with Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet Research/Very Large Telescope. This new (second) moonlet of Elektra is about 2 km across, on an eccentric orbit, and about 500 km away from the primary. For a comparative study, we also observed another triple asteroid system, (93) Minerva. For both systems, component-resolved reflectance spectra of the satellites and primary were obtained simultaneously. No significant spectral difference was observed between the satellites and the primary for either triple system. Wemore » find that the moonlets in both systems are more likely to have been created by sub-disruptive impacts as opposed to having been captured.« less

Quadrant photodetector sensitivity.

PubMed

Manojlović, Lazo M

2011-07-10

A quantitative theoretical analysis of the quadrant photodetector (QPD) sensitivity in position measurement is presented. The Gaussian light spot irradiance distribution on the QPD surface was assumed to meet most of the real-life applications of this sensor. As the result of the mathematical treatment of the problem, we obtained, in a closed form, the sensitivity function versus the ratio of the light spot 1/e radius and the QPD radius. The obtained result is valid for the full range of the ratios. To check the influence of the finite light spot radius on the interaxis cross talk and linearity, we also performed a mathematical analysis to quantitatively measure these types of errors. An optimal range of the ratio of light spot radius and QPD radius has been found to simultaneously achieve low interaxis cross talk and high linearity of the sensor. © 2011 Optical Society of America

Biomechanical Correlates of Surface Electromyography Signals Obtained during Swallowing by Healthy Adults

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crary, Michael A.; Carnaby (Mann), Giselle D.; Groher, Michael E.

2006-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe biomechanical correlates of the surface electromyographic signal obtained during swallowing by healthy adult volunteers. Method: Seventeen healthy adults were evaluated with simultaneous videofluoroscopy and surface electromyography (sEMG) while swallowing 5 mL of liquid barium sulfate. Three…

Developmental dyslexia: exploring how much phonological and visual attention span disorders are linked to simultaneous auditory processing deficits.

PubMed

Lallier, Marie; Donnadieu, Sophie; Valdois, Sylviane

2013-07-01

The simultaneous auditory processing skills of 17 dyslexic children and 17 skilled readers were measured using a dichotic listening task. Results showed that the dyslexic children exhibited difficulties reporting syllabic material when presented simultaneously. As a measure of simultaneous visual processing, visual attention span skills were assessed in the dyslexic children. We presented the dyslexic children with a phonological short-term memory task and a phonemic awareness task to quantify their phonological skills. Visual attention spans correlated positively with individual scores obtained on the dichotic listening task while phonological skills did not correlate with either dichotic scores or visual attention span measures. Moreover, all the dyslexic children with a dichotic listening deficit showed a simultaneous visual processing deficit, and a substantial number of dyslexic children exhibited phonological processing deficits whether or not they exhibited low dichotic listening scores. These findings suggest that processing simultaneous auditory stimuli may be impaired in dyslexic children regardless of phonological processing difficulties and be linked to similar problems in the visual modality.

Simultaneous bending-curvature and temperature measurements based on a fiber Bragg grating and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Jun; Huang, Shenneng; Shen, Changyu; Jin, Yongxing

2018-02-01

A design for simultaneous bending-curvature and temperature measurement using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) inserted between two peanut-shaped structures is presented. The peanut-shaped structure is fabricated in the single-mode fiber by a fusion splicer and then connected with another peanut-shaped structure to form a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). By measuring the wavelength variation of the MZI and FBG in the spectral response of this configuration, simultaneous bending-curvature and temperature measurement is obtained. The experiment results show that curvature sensitivity is -27.58 nm / m ? 1 and FBG is 0.03869 and 0.01217 nm / ° C.

Phase diagram of dilute cosmic matter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iwata, Yoritaka

2011-10-01

Enhancement of nuclear pasta formation due to multi-nucleus simultaneous collision is presented based on time-dependent density functional calculations with periodic boundary condition. This calculation corresponds to the situation with density lower than the known low-density existence limit of the nuclear pasta phase. In order to evaluate the contribution from three-nucleus simultaneous collisions inside the cosmic matter, the possibility of multi-nucleus simultaneous collisions is examined by a systematic Monte-Carlo calculation, and the mean free path of a nucleus is obtained. Consequently the low-density existence limit of the nuclear pasta phase is formed to be lower than believed up to now.

Sensing Performance Analysis on Quartz Tuning Fork-Probe at the High Order Vibration Mode for Multi-Frequency Scanning Probe Microscopy

PubMed Central

Gao, Fengli; Li, Xide

2018-01-01

Multi-frequency scanning near-field optical microscopy, based on a quartz tuning fork-probe (QTF-p) sensor using the first two orders of in-plane bending symmetrical vibration modes, has recently been developed. This method can simultaneously achieve positional feedback (based on the 1st in-plane mode called the low mode) and detect near-field optically induced forces (based on the 2nd in-plane mode called the high mode). Particularly, the high mode sensing performance of the QTF-p is an important issue for characterizing the tip-sample interactions and achieving higher resolution microscopic imaging but the related researches are insufficient. Here, we investigate the vibration performance of QTF-p at high mode based on the experiment and finite element method. The frequency spectrum characteristics are obtained by our homemade laser Doppler vibrometer system. The effects of the properties of the connecting glue layer and the probe features on the dynamic response of the QTF-p sensor at the high mode are investigated for optimization design. Finally, compared with the low mode, an obvious improvement of quality factor, of almost 50%, is obtained at the high mode. Meanwhile, the QTF-p sensor has a high force sensing sensitivity and a large sensing range at the high mode, indicating a broad application prospect for force sensing. PMID:29364847

In vivo characterization of structural and optical properties of human skin by combined photothermal radiometry and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Verdel, Nina; Marin, Ana; Vidovič, Luka; Milanič, Matija; Majaron, Boris

2017-02-01

We have combined two optical techniques to enable simultaneous assessment of structure and composition of human skin in vivo: Pulsed photothermal radiometry (PPTR), which involves measurements of transient dynamics in midinfrared emission from sample surface after exposure to a light pulse, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) in visible part of the spectrum. Namely, while PPTR is highly sensitive to depth distribution of selected absorbers, DRS provides spectral information and thus enables differentiation between various chromophores. The accuracy and robustness of the inverse analysis is thus considerably improved compared to use of either technique on its own. Our analysis approach is simultaneous multi-dimensional fitting of the measured PPTR signals and DRS with predictions from a numerical model of light-tissue interaction (a.k.a. inverse Monte Carlo). By using a three-layer skin model (epidermis, dermis, and subcutis), we obtain a good match between the experimental and modeling data. However, dividing the dermis into two separate layers (i.e., papillary and reticular dermis) helps to bring all assessed parameter values within anatomically and physiologically plausible intervals. Both the quality of the fit and the assessed parameter values depend somewhat on the assumed scattering properties for skin, which vary in literature and likely depend on subject's age and gender, anatomical site, etc. In our preliminary experience, simultaneous fitting of the scattering properties is possible and leads to considerable improvement of the fit. The described approach may thus have a potential for simultaneous determination of absorption and scattering properties of human skin in vivo.

A green method for the quantification of plastics-derived endocrine disruptors in beverages by chemometrics-assisted liquid chromatography with simultaneous diode array and fluorescent detection.

PubMed

Vidal, Rocío B Pellegrino; Ibañez, Gabriela A; Escandar, Graciela M

2016-10-01

The aim of this study was to develop a novel analytical method for the determination of bisphenol A, nonylphenol, octylphenol, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate and diethylhexyl phthalate, compounds known for their endocrine-disruptor properties, based on liquid chromatography with simultaneous diode array and fluorescent detection. Following the principles of green analytical chemistry, solvent consumption and chromatographic run time were minimized. To deal with the resulting incomplete resolution in the chromatograms, a second-order calibration was proposed. Second-order data (elution time-absorbance wavelength and elution time-fluorescence emission wavelength matrices) were obtained and processed by multivariate curve resolution-alternating least-squares (MCR-ALS). Applying MCR-ALS allowed quantification of the analytes even in the presence of partially overlapped chromatographic and spectral bands among these compounds and the potential interferents. The obtained results from the analysis of beer, wine, soda, juice, water and distilled beverage samples were compared with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Limits of detection (LODs) in the range 0.04-0.38ngmL(-1) were estimated in real samples after a very simple solid-phase extraction. All the samples were found to contain at least three EDs, in concentrations as high as 334ngmL(-1). Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A strategy to complete databases with parameters of refined line shapes and its test for CO in He, Ar and Kr

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ngo, N. H.; Hartmann, J.-M.

2017-12-01

We propose a strategy to generate parameters of the Hartmann-Tran profile (HTp) by simultaneously using first principle calculations and broadening coefficients deduced from Voigt/Lorentz fits of experimental spectra. We start from reference absorptions simulated, at pressures between 10 and 950 Torr, using the HTp with parameters recently obtained from high quality experiments for the P(1) and P(17) lines of the 3-0 band of CO in He, Ar and Kr. Using requantized Classical Molecular Dynamics Simulations (rCMDS), we calculate spectra under the same conditions. We then correct them using a single parameter deduced from Lorentzian fits of both reference and calculated absorptions at a single pressure. The corrected rCMDS spectra are then simultaneously fitted using the HTp, yielding the parameters of this model and associated spectra. Comparisons between the retrieved and input (reference) HTp parameters show a quite satisfactory agreement. Furthermore, differences between the reference spectra and those computed with the HT model fitted to the corrected-rCMDS predictions are much smaller than those obtained with a Voigt line shape. Their full amplitudes are in most cases smaller than 1%, and often below 0.5%, of the peak absorption. This opens the route to completing spectroscopic databases using calculations and the very numerous broadening coefficients available from Voigt fits of laboratory spectra.

High prevalence of simultaneous rib and vertebral fractures in patients with hip fracture.

PubMed

Lee, Bong-Gun; Sung, Yoon-Kyoung; Kim, Dam; Choi, Yun Young; Kim, Hunchul; Kim, Yeesuk

2017-02-01

The purpose was to evaluate the prevalence and location of simultaneous fracture using bone scans in patients with hip fracture and to determine the risk factors associated with simultaneous fracture. One hundred eighty two patients with hip fracture were reviewed for this study. Clinical parameters and bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebra and femoral neck were investigated. To identify acute simultaneous fracture, a bone scan was performed at 15.4±4.1days after hip fracture. The prevalence and location of simultaneous fracture were evaluated, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors. Simultaneous fracture was observed in 102 of 182 patients, a prevalence of 56.0%. Rib fracture was the most common type of simultaneous fracture followed by rib with vertebral fracture. The BMD of the lumbar vertebra was significantly lower in patients with simultaneous fracture (p=0.044) and was identified as an independent risk factor (odds ratio: OR 0.05, 95% confidence interval: CI 0.01-0.57). The prevalence of simultaneous fracture was relatively high among patients with hip fracture, and BMD was significantly lower in patients with simultaneous fracture than in patients without it. Surgeons should be aware of the possibility of simultaneous fracture in patients with hip fracture. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

High-power Broadband Organic THz Generator

PubMed Central

Jeong, Jae-Hyeok; Kang, Bong-Joo; Kim, Ji-Soo; Jazbinsek, Mojca; Lee, Seung-Heon; Lee, Seung-Chul; Baek, In-Hyung; Yun, Hoseop; Kim, Jongtaek; Lee, Yoon Sup; Lee, Jae-Hyeok; Kim, Jae-Ho; Rotermund, Fabian; Kwon, O-Pil

2013-01-01

The high-power broadband terahertz (THz) generator is an essential tool for a wide range of THz applications. Here, we present a novel highly efficient electro-optic quinolinium single crystal for THz wave generation. For obtaining intense and broadband THz waves by optical-to-THz frequency conversion, a quinolinium crystal was developed to fulfill all the requirements, which are in general extremely difficult to maintain simultaneously in a single medium, such as a large macroscopic electro-optic response and excellent crystal characteristics including a large crystal size with desired facets, good environmental stability, high optical quality, wide transparency range, and controllable crystal thickness. Compared to the benchmark inorganic and organic crystals, the new quinolinium crystal possesses excellent crystal properties and THz generation characteristics with broader THz spectral coverage and higher THz conversion efficiency at the technologically important pump wavelength of 800 nm. Therefore, the quinolinium crystal offers great potential for efficient and gap-free broadband THz wave generation. PMID:24220234

Highly transparent and flexible circuits through patterning silver nanowires into microfluidic channels.

PubMed

Sun, Jing; Zhou, Wenhui; Yang, Haibo; Zhen, Xue; Ma, Longfei; Williams, Dirk; Sun, Xudong; Lang, Ming-Fei

2018-05-10

The development of flexible and transparent devices requires completely transparent and flexible circuits (TFCs). To overcome the disadvantages of the previously reported TFCs that are partially transparent, lacking pattern control, or labor consuming, we achieve true TFCs via a facile process with precise pattern control, exhibiting concurrent high transparency, conductivity, flexibility, stretchability, and robustness. A highly transparent and flexible conductive film is first made through spin coating silver nanowires (AgNWs) onto polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and demonstrates simultaneous high transparency (90.86%) and low sheet resistance (3.22 Ω sq-1). Taking advantage of microfluidic technology, circuits with ultraprecise and complex patterns from the microscale to milliscale are obtained through spin coating of AgNWs into microfluidic channels on PDMS. Without elaborate processing, this method may be suitable for mass production, which would contribute enormously to potential applications in wearable medical equipment and transparent electronic devices.

High-power broadband organic THz generator.

PubMed

Jeong, Jae-Hyeok; Kang, Bong-Joo; Kim, Ji-Soo; Jazbinsek, Mojca; Lee, Seung-Heon; Lee, Seung-Chul; Baek, In-Hyung; Yun, Hoseop; Kim, Jongtaek; Lee, Yoon Sup; Lee, Jae-Hyeok; Kim, Jae-Ho; Rotermund, Fabian; Kwon, O-Pil

2013-11-13

The high-power broadband terahertz (THz) generator is an essential tool for a wide range of THz applications. Here, we present a novel highly efficient electro-optic quinolinium single crystal for THz wave generation. For obtaining intense and broadband THz waves by optical-to-THz frequency conversion, a quinolinium crystal was developed to fulfill all the requirements, which are in general extremely difficult to maintain simultaneously in a single medium, such as a large macroscopic electro-optic response and excellent crystal characteristics including a large crystal size with desired facets, good environmental stability, high optical quality, wide transparency range, and controllable crystal thickness. Compared to the benchmark inorganic and organic crystals, the new quinolinium crystal possesses excellent crystal properties and THz generation characteristics with broader THz spectral coverage and higher THz conversion efficiency at the technologically important pump wavelength of 800 nm. Therefore, the quinolinium crystal offers great potential for efficient and gap-free broadband THz wave generation.

Shigaraki UAV-Radar Experiment (ShUREX): overview of the campaign with some preliminary results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kantha, Lakshmi; Lawrence, Dale; Luce, Hubert; Hashiguchi, Hiroyuki; Tsuda, Toshitaka; Wilson, Richard; Mixa, Tyler; Yabuki, Masanori

2017-12-01

The Shigaraki unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-Radar Experiment (ShUREX) is an international (USA-Japan-France) observational campaign, whose overarching goal is to demonstrate the utility of small, lightweight, inexpensive, autonomous UAVs in probing and monitoring the lower troposphere and to promote synergistic use of UAVs and very high frequency (VHF) radars. The 2-week campaign lasting from June 1 to June 14, 2015, was carried out at the Middle and Upper Atmosphere (MU) Observatory in Shigaraki, Japan. During the campaign, the DataHawk UAV, developed at the University of Colorado, Boulder, and equipped with high-frequency response cold wire and pitot tube sensors (as well as an iMET radiosonde), was flown near and over the VHF-band MU radar. Measurements in the atmospheric column in the immediate vicinity of the radar were obtained. Simultaneous and continuous operation of the radar in range imaging mode enabled fine-scale structures in the atmosphere to be visualized by the radar. It also permitted the UAV to be commanded to sample interesting structures, guided in near real time by the radar images. This overview provides a description of the ShUREX campaign and some interesting but preliminary results of the very first simultaneous and intensive probing of turbulent structures by UAVs and the MU radar. The campaign demonstrated the validity and utility of the radar range imaging technique in obtaining very high vertical resolution ( 20 m) images of echo power in the atmospheric column, which display evolving fine-scale atmospheric structures in unprecedented detail. The campaign also permitted for the very first time the evaluation of the consistency of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates in turbulent structures inferred from the spectral broadening of the backscattered radar signal and direct, in situ measurements by the high-frequency response velocity sensor on the UAV. The data also enabled other turbulence parameters such as the temperature structure function parameter {C}_T^2 and refractive index structure function parameter {C}_n^2 to be measured by sensors on the UAV, along with radar-inferred refractive index structure function parameter {C}_{n,radar}^2 . The comprehensive dataset collected during the campaign (from the radar, the UAV, the boundary layer lidar, the ceilometer, and radiosondes) is expected to help obtain a better understanding of turbulent atmospheric structures, as well as arrive at a better interpretation of the radar data.

Graphene-copper composite with micro-layered grains and ultrahigh strength

PubMed Central

Wang, Lidong; Yang, Ziyue; Cui, Ye; Wei, Bing; Xu, Shichong; Sheng, Jie; Wang, Miao; Zhu, Yunpeng; Fei, Weidong

2017-01-01

Graphene with ultrahigh intrinsic strength and excellent thermal physical properties has the potential to be used as the reinforcement of many kinds of composites. Here, we show that very high tensile strength can be obtained in the copper matrix composite reinforced by reduced graphene oxide (RGO) when micro-layered structure is achieved. RGO-Cu powder with micro-layered structure is fabricated from the reduction of the micro-layered graphene oxide (GO) and Cu(OH)2 composite sheets, and RGO-Cu composites are sintered by spark plasma sintering process. The tensile strength of the 5 vol.% RGO-Cu composite is as high as 608 MPa, which is more than three times higher than that of the Cu matrix. The apparent strengthening efficiency of RGO in the 2.5 vol.% RGO-Cu composite is as high as 110, even higher than that of carbon nanotube, multilayer graphene, carbon nano fiber and RGO in the copper matrix composites produced by conventional MLM method. The excellent tensile and compressive strengths, high hardness and good electrical conductivity are obtained simultaneously in the RGO-Cu composites. The results shown in the present study provide an effective method to design graphene based composites with layered structure and high performance. PMID:28169306

Simultaneous Enhancement of Efficiency and Stability of Phosphorescent OLEDs Based on Efficient Förster Energy Transfer from Interface Exciplex.

PubMed

Zhang, Dongdong; Cai, Minghan; Zhang, Yunge; Bin, Zhengyang; Zhang, Deqiang; Duan, Lian

2016-02-17

Exciplex forming cohosts have been widely adopted in phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs), achieving high efficiency with low roll-off and low driving voltage. However, the influence of the exciplex-forming hosts on the lifetimes of the devices, which is one of the essential characteristics, remains unclear. Here, we compare the influence of the bulk exciplex and interface exciplex on the performances of the devices, demonstrating highly efficient orange PHOLEDs with long lifetime at low dopant concentration by efficient Förster energy transfer from the interface exciplex. A bipolar host, (3'-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-(1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl)-9-carbazole (CzTrz), was adopted to combine with a donor molecule, tris(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)amine (TCTA), to form exciplex. Devices with energy transfer from the interface exciplex achieve lifetime almost 2 orders of magnitude higher than the ones based on bulk exciplex as the host by avoiding the formation of the donor excited states. Moreover, a highest EQE of 27% was obtained at the dopant concentration as low as 3 wt % for a device with interface exciplex, which is favorable for reducing the cost of fabrication. We believe that our work may shed light on future development of ideal OLEDs with high efficiency, long-lifetime, low roll-off and low cost simultaneously.

Simultaneous degradation of tetracycline and denitrification by a novel bacterium, Klebsiella sp. SQY5.

PubMed

Shao, Sicheng; Hu, Yongyou; Cheng, Ce; Cheng, Jianhua; Chen, Yuancai

2018-06-14

Polluted waters with a high residue of tetracycline also have a high concentration of nitrate. Thus, screening for both, highly efficient tetracycline biodegradation and nitrate transformation, is a key technical strategy. In this study, a novel tetracycline degrading strain, SQY5, which was identified as Klebsiella sp., was isolated from municipal sludge. Biodegradation characteristics of tetracycline were studied under various environmental conditions; including inoculation dose (v/v), initial tetracycline concentration, temperature, and pH. Response surface methodology (RSM) analysis demonstrated that the maximum degradation ratio of tetracycline can be obtained under the condition with an initial tetracycline concentration of 61.27 mg L -1 , temperature of 34.96 °C, pH of 7.17, and inoculation dose of 29.89%. Furthermore, this was the first report on the relationship between the degradation of tetracycline and the denitrification effect, showing that a maximum tetracycline reduction rate of 0.113 mg L -1 ·h -1 and denitrification rate of 4.64 mg L -1 ·h -1 were observed within 32 h and 92 h of SQY5 inoculation, respectively. The data of this study has the potential for use in engineering processes designed for the simultaneous biological removal of nitrates while degrading antibiotics. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Modification of TiO(2) nanotube surfaces by electro-spray deposition of amoxicillin combined with PLGA for bactericidal effects at surgical implantation sites.

PubMed

Lee, Jung-Hwan; Moon, Seung-Kyun; Kim, Kwang-Mahn; Kim, Kyoung-Nam

2013-01-01

To fabricate the antibiotic-releasing coatings on TiO(2) nanotube surfaces for wide applications of implant and bone plate in medical and dental surgery, the optimal deposition time of amoxicillin/PLGA solution simultaneously performing non-toxicity and a high bactericidal effect for preventing early implant failures was found. FE-SEM, ESD and FT-IR were used for confirming deposition of amoxicillin/PLGA on the TiO(2) surface. Also, the elution of amoxicillin/PLGA in a TiO(2) nanotube surface was measured by a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The bactericidal effect of amoxicillin on the TiO(2) nanotube surface was evaluated by using Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The cytotoxicity and cell proliferation were observed by WST assay using MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells. The results indicated that the TiO(2) nanotube surface controlled by electro-spray deposition time with amoxicillin/PLGA solution could provide a high bactericidal effect against S. aureus by the bactericidal effect of amoxicillin, as well as good osteoblast cell proliferation at the TiO(2) nanotube surface without toxicity. This study used electro-spray deposition (ESD) methodology to obtain amoxicillin deposition in nanotube structures of TiO(2) and found the optimal deposition time of amoxicillin/PLGA solution simultaneously performing non-toxicity and a high bactericidal effect for preventing early implant failures.

Rapid determination of anti-estrogens by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in urine: Method validation and application to real samples.

PubMed

Gerace, E; Salomone, A; Abbadessa, G; Racca, S; Vincenti, M

2012-02-01

A fast screening protocol was developed for the simultaneous determination of nine anti-estrogenic agents (aminoglutethimide, anastrozole, clomiphene, drostanolone, formestane, letrozole, mesterolone, tamoxifen, testolactone) plus five of their metabolites in human urine. After an enzymatic hydrolysis, these compounds can be extracted simultaneously from urine with a simple liquid-liquid extraction at alkaline conditions. The analytes were subsequently analyzed by fast-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (fast-GC/MS) after derivatization. The use of a short column, high-flow carrier gas velocity and fast temperature ramping produced an efficient separation of all analytes in about 4 min, allowing a processing rate of 10 samples/h. The present analytical method was validated according to UNI EN ISO/IEC 17025 guidelines for qualitative methods. The range of investigated parameters included the limit of detection, selectivity, linearity, repeatability, robustness and extraction efficiency. High MS-sampling rate, using a benchtop quadrupole mass analyzer, resulted in accurate peak shape definition under both scan and selected ion monitoring modes, and high sensitivity in the latter mode. Therefore, the performances of the method are comparable to the ones obtainable from traditional GC/MS analysis. The method was successfully tested on real samples arising from clinical treatments of hospitalized patients and could profitably be used for clinical studies on anti-estrogenic drug administration.

Rapid determination of anti-estrogens by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in urine: Method validation and application to real samples

PubMed Central

Gerace, E.; Salomone, A.; Abbadessa, G.; Racca, S.; Vincenti, M.

2011-01-01

A fast screening protocol was developed for the simultaneous determination of nine anti-estrogenic agents (aminoglutethimide, anastrozole, clomiphene, drostanolone, formestane, letrozole, mesterolone, tamoxifen, testolactone) plus five of their metabolites in human urine. After an enzymatic hydrolysis, these compounds can be extracted simultaneously from urine with a simple liquid–liquid extraction at alkaline conditions. The analytes were subsequently analyzed by fast-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (fast-GC/MS) after derivatization. The use of a short column, high-flow carrier gas velocity and fast temperature ramping produced an efficient separation of all analytes in about 4 min, allowing a processing rate of 10 samples/h. The present analytical method was validated according to UNI EN ISO/IEC 17025 guidelines for qualitative methods. The range of investigated parameters included the limit of detection, selectivity, linearity, repeatability, robustness and extraction efficiency. High MS-sampling rate, using a benchtop quadrupole mass analyzer, resulted in accurate peak shape definition under both scan and selected ion monitoring modes, and high sensitivity in the latter mode. Therefore, the performances of the method are comparable to the ones obtainable from traditional GC/MS analysis. The method was successfully tested on real samples arising from clinical treatments of hospitalized patients and could profitably be used for clinical studies on anti-estrogenic drug administration. PMID:29403714

Comprehensive Utilization of Iron and Phosphorus from High-Phosphorus Refractory Iron Ore

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Yongsheng; Zhang, Qi; Han, Yuexin; Gao, Peng; Li, Guofeng

2018-02-01

An innovative process of coal-based reduction followed by magnetic separation and dephosphorization was developed to simultaneously recover iron and phosphorus from one typical high-phosphorus refractory iron ore. The experimental results showed that the iron minerals in iron ore were reduced to metallic iron during the coal-based reduction and the phosphorus was enriched in the metallic iron phase. The CaO-SiO2-FeO-Al2O3 slag system was used in the dephosphorization of metallic iron. A hot metal of 99.17% Fe and 0.10% P was produced with Fe recovery of 84.41%. Meanwhile, a dephosphorization slag of 5.72% P was obtained with P recovery of 67.23%. The contents of impurities in hot metal were very low, and it could be used as feedstock for steelmaking after a secondary refining. Phosphorus in the dephosphorization slag mainly existed in the form of a 5CaO·P2O5·SiO2 solid solution where the P2O5 content is 13.10%. At a slag particle size of 20.7 μm (90% passing), 94.54% of the P2O5 could be solubilized in citric acid, indicating the slag met the feedstock requirements in phosphate fertilizer production. Consequently, the proposed process achieved simultaneous Fe and P recovery, paving the way to comprehensive utilization of high-phosphorus refractory iron ore.

Simultaneous Enrichment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cu(2+) in Water Using Tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine as a Solid-Phase Extraction Selector.

PubMed

Zhao, Wenjie; Yang, Liu; He, Lijun; Zhang, Shusheng

2016-08-10

On the basis of the definite retention mechanism proven by the stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography, tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine featuring multiple recognition sites was assessed as a solid-phase extraction (SPE) selector. The applicability of its silica support was used for the extraction of trace amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Cu(2+) in aqueous samples, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography fluorometric and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric determination. On the basis of the π-π interaction with PAHs and the chelating interaction with Cu(2+), the simultaneous extraction of PAHs and Cu(2+) and stepwise elution through tuning the eluent were successfully achieved, respectively. The SPE conditions affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized, including type and concentration of organic modifier, sample solution pH, flow rate, and volume. As a result of the special adsorption and desorption mechanism, high extraction efficiency was achieved with relative recoveries of 94.3-102.4% and relative standard deviations of less than 10.5%. The limits of detection were obtained with 0.4-3.1 ng L(-1) for PAHs and 15 ng L(-1) for Cu(2+), respectively. The method was applied to the analyses of PAHs and Cu(2+) in Xiliu Lake water samples collected in Zhengzhou, China.