JPRS Report, Near East & South Asia Kuwait: 1992 National Assembly

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-11-24

Career : Assistant deputy for administrative development in the Department of Personnel. London SAWT AL- KUWA YT AL-D UWAL1 in Arabic 7 Oct 92 pp 3-4...given an opportunity to prove their ability and cohesiveness for the sake of achieving the basic objectives that they agreed on in the statements...SHARQ AL-A WSAT in Arabic 7 Oct 92 pp 1, 3, 5 National Islamic Coalition ’Adnan Sayyid ’Abd-al-Samad Electoral District: 1 Career : Member of the

Lost in Maps: Regionalization and Indigenous Health Services.

PubMed

Lavoie, Josée G; Kornelsen, Derek; Boyer, Yvonne; Wylie, Lloy

The settlement of the land now known as Canada meant the erasure - sometimes from ignorance, often purposeful - of Indigenous place-names, and understandings of territory and associated obligations. The Canadian map with its three territories and ten provinces, electoral boundaries and districts, reflects boundaries that continue to fragment Indigenous nations and traditional lands. Each fragment adds institutional requirements and organizational complexities that Indigenous nations must engage with when attempting to realize the benefits taken for granted under the Canadian social contract.

Suicide and general elections in Austria: do preceding regional suicide rate differentials foreshadow subsequent voting behavior swings?

PubMed

Voracek, Martin; Formann, Anton K; Fülöp, Gerhard; Sonneck, Gernot

2003-05-01

Suicide-epidemiological research on short-term effects of elections on national/regional suicide and parasuicide incidence has yielded contradictory evidence. Reversing the cause-effect relationship of this line of research we investigated whether preceding regional suicide rates are related to subsequent election results. For Austria's 121 districts, we regressed averaged standardized suicide rates for the preceding period (1988-1994) on political parties' subsequent electoral gains/losses (1999-to-1995) while controlling for a set of 12 domain-relevant psychosocial/economic indices. Stepwise weighted multiple regression led to a significant model. The 1999-to-1995 electoral gains/losses of two opposition parties, together with the population variation caused by migration balance and by births/deaths balance, accounted for a substantial part (30%) of the variability in preceding district-level suicide rates. Various other social indices failed to contribute further substantial increments to this model. This finding suggests that variations in preceding regional suicide incidence might be mirrored in subsequent changes in voting behavior. A speculative post hoc explanation for the finding is offered: on a community level, suicide's aftermath might produce socially and politically alienated survivors of suicide who co-shape swings towards opposition parties in subsequent general elections. The finding calls for more research on suicide's long-term aftermath. Within-country replicability and cross-national generalizability await further investigation. At present, the factor/mechanism accounting for this finding is neither well-established nor has been directly tested.

[Electoral demography. The demographic dimension of a political process].

PubMed

Herrero, J M

1991-01-01

A complete and reliable knowledge of the potential voters is indispensable for holding elections in a democratic society. In 1990 a new Federal Code of Electoral Institutions and Procedures (COFIRE) was approved in Mexico. A new list of potential voters was to be created based on the 1990 census and without reference to the old list. The planning and implementation of the 1991 electoral rolls required great efficiency in order to complete the work in time for elections, while assuring its validity and legitimacy through a clear and participatory process in which all political parties played a permanent role. COFIRE designated July 1991 as the date for completion, allowing just 10 months for the entire process from planning to completion. The 1991 work represented a political process as much as a technical challenge. A working group from the political parties provided advice on all aspects of the work, from defining the social communications campaign to cartographic review and organization of field work. Although the list potential voters not intended for demographic purposes, its validity, coverage, and variety of information make it a rich source of sociodemographic information. An estimated 95% of individuals included in the 1990 census were included in the lists of prospective voters. Of these, 39,500,000 citizens, or 86% of the census population, actually registered as of the deadline on May 31. The final coverage by states varied from a low of 79.3% in Guerrero to a high of 91.0% in the Federal District.

Maternal and Neonatal Health Knowledge, Service Quality and Utilization: Findings from a Community Based Quasi-experimental Trial in Arghakhanchi District of Nepal.

PubMed

Shrestha, J R; Manandhar, D S; Manandhar, S R; Adhikari, D; Rai, C; Rana, H; Poudel, M; Pradhan, A

2015-01-01

As part of the Partnership for Maternal and Newborn Health Project (PMNH), HealthRight International collaborated with Mother and Infant Research Activities (MIRA) to conduct operations research in Arghakhanchi district of Nepal to explore the intervention impact of strengthening health facility, improving community facility linkages along with Community Based Newborn Care Program (CB-NCP) on Maternal Neonatal Care (MNC) service quality, utilization, knowledge and care seeking behavior. This was a quasi-experimental study. Siddahara, Pokharathok, Subarnakhal,Narpani Health Posts (HPs) and Thada Primary Health Care Center(PHCC)in Electoral Constituency-2 were selected as intervention sites and Arghatosh, ,Argha, Khana, Hansapur HPs and Balkot PHCC in Electoral Constituency-1 were chosen as controls. The intervention started in February 2011 and was evaluated in August 2013. To compare MNC knowledge and practice in the community, mothers of children aged 0-23 months were selected from the corresponding Village Development Committees(VDCs) by a two stage cluster sampling design during both baseline (July 2010) and endline (August, 2013) assessments. The difference in difference analysis was used to understand the intervention impact. Local resource mobilization for MNC, knowledge about MNC and service utilization increased in intervention sites. Though there were improvements, many effects were not significant. Extensive trainings followed by reviews and quality monitoring visits increased the knowledge, improved skills and fostered motivation of health facility workers for better MNC service delivery. MNC indicators showed an upsurge in numbers due to the synergistic effects of many interventions.

More Tweets, More Votes: Social Media as a Quantitative Indicator of Political Behavior

PubMed Central

DiGrazia, Joseph; McKelvey, Karissa; Bollen, Johan; Rojas, Fabio

2013-01-01

Is social media a valid indicator of political behavior? There is considerable debate about the validity of data extracted from social media for studying offline behavior. To address this issue, we show that there is a statistically significant association between tweets that mention a candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives and his or her subsequent electoral performance. We demonstrate this result with an analysis of 542,969 tweets mentioning candidates selected from a random sample of 3,570,054,618, as well as Federal Election Commission data from 795 competitive races in the 2010 and 2012 U.S. congressional elections. This finding persists even when controlling for incumbency, district partisanship, media coverage of the race, time, and demographic variables such as the district's racial and gender composition. Our findings show that reliable data about political behavior can be extracted from social media. PMID:24312181

Using evidence to strengthen accountability for health financing in Sierra Leone.

PubMed

Lebbie, Sowo A; Le Voir, Rosanna; Tom-Kargbo, Joanna; Yilla, Mohamed Drissa; Kamara, Abu Bakarr; Nam, Sara L

2016-12-01

In 2012, the government of Sierra Leone cut the national budget allocation to the health sector. Civil society organizations planned a nationwide health budget advocacy campaign, coinciding with the 2012 general elections, to hold future leaders to account on financing for women's and children's health. As part of the campaign, Evidence for Action produced district health budget tracking scorecards. The scorecards presented Ministry of Finance data on the allocation and disbursement of health funds in each district. The data were communicated using simple, non-technical language so that citizens could understand the key messages and take action. A total of 5600 scorecards were shared at district electoral forums attended by political candidates, community members, and health activists. Since the election, the proportion of the total government budget allocated to health increased from 7.4% in 2012 to 11.2% in 2014. However, transforming politicians' commitments and pledges into implementation has been challenging, confirming that accountability is a long-term process. Copyright © 2016 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

From Deficit to Disenfranchisement: Reframing Youth Electoral Participation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Edwards, Kathy

2007-01-01

Low youth electoral turnouts are considered problematic in many democracies. Here I explore youth electoral engagement in the Australian context where the policy literature attributes low youth electoral enrolments to apathetic and disassociated youth, and the response is Civics and Citizenship education. This construction of youth and advocacy of…

The costs of electoral fraud: establishing the link between electoral integrity, winning an election, and satisfaction with democracy

PubMed Central

Fortin-Rittberger, Jessica; Harfst, Philipp; Dingler, Sarah C.

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Previous research has shown that voters’ perception of electoral fairness has an impact on their attitudes and behaviors. However, less research has attempted to link objective measurements of electoral integrity on voters’ attitudes about the democratic process. Drawing on data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems and the Quality of Elections Data, we investigate whether cross-national differences in electoral integrity have significant influences on citizens’ level of satisfaction with democracy. We hypothesize that higher levels of observed electoral fraud will have a negative impact on evaluations of the democratic process, and that this effect will be mediated by a respondent’s status as a winner or loser of an election. The article’s main finding is that high levels of electoral fraud are indeed linked to less satisfaction with democracy. However, we show that winning only matters in elections that are conducted in an impartial way. The moment elections start to display the telltale signs of manipulation and malpractice, winning and losing no longer have different effects on voter’s levels of satisfaction with democracy. PMID:28824703

The costs of electoral fraud: establishing the link between electoral integrity, winning an election, and satisfaction with democracy.

PubMed

Fortin-Rittberger, Jessica; Harfst, Philipp; Dingler, Sarah C

2017-07-03

Previous research has shown that voters' perception of electoral fairness has an impact on their attitudes and behaviors. However, less research has attempted to link objective measurements of electoral integrity on voters' attitudes about the democratic process. Drawing on data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems and the Quality of Elections Data, we investigate whether cross-national differences in electoral integrity have significant influences on citizens' level of satisfaction with democracy. We hypothesize that higher levels of observed electoral fraud will have a negative impact on evaluations of the democratic process, and that this effect will be mediated by a respondent's status as a winner or loser of an election. The article's main finding is that high levels of electoral fraud are indeed linked to less satisfaction with democracy. However, we show that winning only matters in elections that are conducted in an impartial way. The moment elections start to display the telltale signs of manipulation and malpractice, winning and losing no longer have different effects on voter's levels of satisfaction with democracy.

Political Simulations Using Excel

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson, Steven F.

2013-01-01

Simulations have received considerable attention as a tool to promote problem-solving skills, intense involvement, and high-order thinking among students. Whether semester-long exercises or a single-class session, simulations are often used in areas of conflict studies, diplomatic studies, trade disputes, electoral processes, and policy and legal…

Electoral Susceptibility and Entropically Driven Interactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Caravan, Bassir; Levine, Gregory

2013-03-01

In the United States electoral system the election is usually decided by the electoral votes cast by a small number of ``swing states'' where the two candidates historically have roughly equal probabilities of winning. The effective value of a swing state is determined not only by the number of its electoral votes but by the frequency of its appearance in the set of winning partitions of the electoral college. Since the electoral vote values of swing states are not identical, the presence or absence of a state in a winning partition is generally correlated with the frequency of appearance of other states and, hence, their effective values. We quantify the effective value of states by an electoral susceptibility, χj, the variation of the winning probability with the ``cost'' of changing the probability of winning state j. Associating entropy with the logarithm of the number of appearances of a state within the set of winning partitions, the entropy per state (in effect, the chemical potential) is not additive and the states may be said to ``interact.'' We study χj for a simple model with a Zipf's law type distribution of electoral votes. We show that the susceptibility for small states is largest in ``one-sided'' electoral contests and smallest in close contests. This research was supported by Department of Energy DE-FG02-08ER64623, Research Corporation CC6535 (GL) and HHMI Scholar Program (BC)

Modeling interactions between political parties and electors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bagarello, F.; Gargano, F.

2017-09-01

In this paper we extend some recent results on an operatorial approach to the description of alliances between political parties interacting among themselves and with a basin of electors. In particular, we propose and compare three different models, deducing the dynamics of their related decision functions, i.e. the attitude of each party to form or not an alliance. In the first model the interactions between each party and their electors are considered. We show that these interactions drive the decision functions toward certain asymptotic values depending on the electors only: this is the perfect party, which behaves following the electors' suggestions. The second model is an extension of the first one in which we include a rule which modifies the status of the electors, and of the decision functions as a consequence, at some specific time step. In the third model we neglect the interactions with the electors while we consider cubic and quartic interactions between the parties and we show that we get (slightly oscillating) asymptotic values for the decision functions, close to their initial values. This is the real party, which does not listen to the electors. Several explicit situations are considered in details and numerical results are also shown.

The Convergence Coefficient across Political Systems

PubMed Central

Schofield, Norman

2013-01-01

Formal work on the electoral model often suggests that parties or candidates should locate themselves at the electoral mean. Recent research has found no evidence of such convergence. In order to explain nonconvergence, the stochastic electoral model is extended by including estimates of electoral valence. We introduce the notion of a convergence coefficient, c. It has been shown that high values of c imply that there is a significant centrifugal tendency acting on parties. We used electoral surveys to construct a stochastic valence model of the the elections in various countries. We find that the convergence coefficient varies across elections in a country, across countries with similar regimes, and across political regimes. In some countries, the centripetal tendency leads parties to converge to the electoral mean. In others the centrifugal tendency dominates and some parties locate far from the electoral mean. In particular, for countries with proportional electoral systems, namely, Israel, Turkey, and Poland, the centrifugal tendency is very high. In the majoritarian polities of the United States and Great Britain, the centrifugal tendency is very low. In anocracies, the autocrat imposes limitations on how far from the origin the opposition parties can move. PMID:24385886

The convergence coefficient across political systems.

PubMed

Gallego, Maria; Schofield, Norman

2013-01-01

Formal work on the electoral model often suggests that parties or candidates should locate themselves at the electoral mean. Recent research has found no evidence of such convergence. In order to explain nonconvergence, the stochastic electoral model is extended by including estimates of electoral valence. We introduce the notion of a convergence coefficient, c. It has been shown that high values of c imply that there is a significant centrifugal tendency acting on parties. We used electoral surveys to construct a stochastic valence model of the the elections in various countries. We find that the convergence coefficient varies across elections in a country, across countries with similar regimes, and across political regimes. In some countries, the centripetal tendency leads parties to converge to the electoral mean. In others the centrifugal tendency dominates and some parties locate far from the electoral mean. In particular, for countries with proportional electoral systems, namely, Israel, Turkey, and Poland, the centrifugal tendency is very high. In the majoritarian polities of the United States and Great Britain, the centrifugal tendency is very low. In anocracies, the autocrat imposes limitations on how far from the origin the opposition parties can move.

Electoral College.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldstein, Joel K.

1996-01-01

Examines one of the least understood institutions of U.S. politics, the Electoral College. Discusses the historical circumstances resulting in its creation as well as the current structure and membership. Provides arguments for and against continuation of the Electoral College. (MJP)

The Distribution of Climate Change Public Opinion in Canada.

PubMed

Mildenberger, Matto; Howe, Peter; Lachapelle, Erick; Stokes, Leah; Marlon, Jennifer; Gravelle, Timothy

2016-01-01

While climate scientists have developed high resolution data sets on the distribution of climate risks, we still lack comparable data on the local distribution of public climate change opinions. This paper provides the first effort to estimate local climate and energy opinion variability outside the United States. Using a multi-level regression and post-stratification (MRP) approach, we estimate opinion in federal electoral districts and provinces. We demonstrate that a majority of the Canadian public consistently believes that climate change is happening. Belief in climate change's causes varies geographically, with more people attributing it to human activity in urban as opposed to rural areas. Most prominently, we find majority support for carbon cap and trade policy in every province and district. By contrast, support for carbon taxation is more heterogeneous. Compared to the distribution of US climate opinions, Canadians believe climate change is happening at higher levels. This new opinion data set will support climate policy analysis and climate policy decision making at national, provincial and local levels.

The Distribution of Climate Change Public Opinion in Canada

PubMed Central

Gravelle, Timothy

2016-01-01

While climate scientists have developed high resolution data sets on the distribution of climate risks, we still lack comparable data on the local distribution of public climate change opinions. This paper provides the first effort to estimate local climate and energy opinion variability outside the United States. Using a multi-level regression and post-stratification (MRP) approach, we estimate opinion in federal electoral districts and provinces. We demonstrate that a majority of the Canadian public consistently believes that climate change is happening. Belief in climate change’s causes varies geographically, with more people attributing it to human activity in urban as opposed to rural areas. Most prominently, we find majority support for carbon cap and trade policy in every province and district. By contrast, support for carbon taxation is more heterogeneous. Compared to the distribution of US climate opinions, Canadians believe climate change is happening at higher levels. This new opinion data set will support climate policy analysis and climate policy decision making at national, provincial and local levels. PMID:27486659

Fighting the Hobbesian Trinity in Columbia: A New Strategy for Peace

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-04-01

that corruption can be avoided in an electoral system, nor do they address the issue that the electoral system can be used to maintain corrupt elites...Yet when corruption assists elites to manipulate the electoral system, then accountability, the very purpose of the electoral system, is nullified. In...Ibid., p. 375. 98. Paz y Derechos Humanos, “Mininterior dice que armar a civiles aumentaria violencia; No a milicias: Gobierno,” El Colombiano, November

The effects of sexual orientation on state legislators' behavior and priorities.

PubMed

Herrick, Rebekah

2009-01-01

This article explores whether sexual orientation, surrogate representation, and political factors affect legislators' work on gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) interests, and whether the latter explains away the influence of sexual orientation. A survey of openly GLB state legislators and their colleagues was conducted to measure legislators' campaign issues, legislative priorities, surrogate representation, and ambition. This information is supplemented with bill introduction and district data. The results indicate that legislators' sexual orientation strongly influences their work on GLB issues and although surrogate representation and electoral considerations also affect GLB work, they do not explain away the importance of sexual orientation. The implications of this for the relationship between descriptive and substantive representation are explored.

Cross-National Gender Gaps in Political Knowledge

PubMed Central

Fortin-Rittberger, Jessica

2016-01-01

Although the majority of studies on political knowledge document lingering gender-based differences in advanced industrial democracies, most contributors have drawn such conclusions from a single or a handful of countries, using limited batteries of political information items. Exploiting a pooled data set of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems encompassing 106 post-election surveys in forty-seven countries between 1996 and 2011, this article demonstrates that survey instrument–related factors, such as question format and content, as well as the overall difficulty of questions, are more consequential in shaping the size of gender gaps in political knowledge than institutional factors, such as electoral rules or opportunity structures. The research design of this article draws from almost three hundred different items measuring factual political knowledge using the broadest country coverage and most comprehensive approach to measurement to date. PMID:27524874

The Electoral College

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Social Education, 2008

2008-01-01

The United States has a system of voting for a president that is unique among western democracies. Rather than vote directly for a president or entrust the presidential election to a parliament, Americans instead vote for statewide slates of electors who are pledged to a candidate. The successful electors become the members of the Electoral…

Rationale for the new GP deprivation payment scheme in England: effects of moving from electoral ward to enumeration district underprivileged area scores.

PubMed Central

Bajekal, M; Alves, B; Jarman, B; Hurwitz, B

2001-01-01

BACKGROUND: The Department of Health introduced a new deprivation payments system for general practitioners (GPs) on 1 April 1999. Following a three-year phasing-in process, registered patients will attract deprivation payments based on the underprivileged area (UPA) score of their enumeration district (ED) of residence, rather than their electoral ward, changing the pattern and distribution of payments throughout England. AIM: To assess the rationale behind the changed deprivation payments system for GPs in England and to examine its impact on GP and practice payments. DESIGN OF STUDY: A quantitative study modelling practice-based deprivation payments. SETTING: A total of 25,450 unrestricted principal GPs in 8919 practices in England. METHOD: The effect of three new components in the system were examined: changes in the ED score ranges attracting payment, the percentage increase in the size of successive payment bands, and the total budget. The relationship between consultation rates (used as a proxy for workload) and UPA score was examined, together with changes in GP payments calculated nationally and by geographical area. RESULTS: A total of 11.6% of the population of England live in wards with a UPA score of 30 or more, qualifying for deprivation payments, and a similar proportion (11.4%) live in EDs with a UPA score of 20 or more. The larger percentage increases in the size of payments in successive ED UPA bands is supported by the modelled relationship between consultation rate and UPA score. Financially, under the new deprivations payment system, entitlement widens with 88% of practices receiving a payment. Overall, 74% of GPs gain and 13% lose (3% losing more than 1500 Pounds), with 13% receiving no payment. CONCLUSION: The new ED system maps onto the previous system well. Moreover, it more finely discriminates between smaller areas of different relative deprivation and, thereby, targets payments more accurately. PMID:11407049

Rationale for the new GP deprivation payment scheme in England: effects of moving from electoral ward to enumeration district underprivileged area scores.

PubMed

Bajekal, M; Alves, B; Jarman, B; Hurwitz, B

2001-06-01

The Department of Health introduced a new deprivation payments system for general practitioners (GPs) on 1 April 1999. Following a three-year phasing-in process, registered patients will attract deprivation payments based on the underprivileged area (UPA) score of their enumeration district (ED) of residence, rather than their electoral ward, changing the pattern and distribution of payments throughout England. To assess the rationale behind the changed deprivation payments system for GPs in England and to examine its impact on GP and practice payments. A quantitative study modelling practice-based deprivation payments. A total of 25,450 unrestricted principal GPs in 8919 practices in England. The effect of three new components in the system were examined: changes in the ED score ranges attracting payment, the percentage increase in the size of successive payment bands, and the total budget. The relationship between consultation rates (used as a proxy for workload) and UPA score was examined, together with changes in GP payments calculated nationally and by geographical area. A total of 11.6% of the population of England live in wards with a UPA score of 30 or more, qualifying for deprivation payments, and a similar proportion (11.4%) live in EDs with a UPA score of 20 or more. The larger percentage increases in the size of payments in successive ED UPA bands is supported by the modelled relationship between consultation rate and UPA score. Financially, under the new deprivations payment system, entitlement widens with 88% of practices receiving a payment. Overall, 74% of GPs gain and 13% lose (3% losing more than 1500 Pounds), with 13% receiving no payment. The new ED system maps onto the previous system well. Moreover, it more finely discriminates between smaller areas of different relative deprivation and, thereby, targets payments more accurately.

Demystifying the Electoral College: 12 Frequently Asked Questions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Middleton, Tiffany

2012-01-01

As the presidential election of 2012 draws closer, Americans will witness a resurgence of references to the Electoral College in news reports. Here, "Looking at the Law" hopes to demystify the Electoral College, and refresh many social studies memories--just in time for the next election--with some frequently asked questions about electing the…

Teaching American Politics through Student Projects: Electoral Reform Issues and Political Change.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alper, Donald K.; Hogan, Eugene

1979-01-01

Describes two projects which involve college students in political science courses on American politics in doing research and giving class reports on proposals for reforming the electoral college and the electoral process. Findings indicate that students participating in the projects become more aware of political realities and learn how to use…

The Electoral College: A Teaching/Learning Design.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hamilton, Angela Blackston

This teacher's guide describes a course unit on the electoral college designed to teach eighth grade students about the election process for the President of the United States. The historical significance of the electoral college, its procedures, and its relevance to today's political system are discussed. Ten lesson plans with student objectives,…

Representative misconduct, voter perceptions and accountability: Evidence from the 2009 House of Commons expenses scandal☆

PubMed Central

Vivyan, Nick; Wagner, Markus; Tarlov, Jessica

2012-01-01

This paper examines electoral accountability after the 2009–10 UK expenses scandal. Existing research shows that Members of Parliament (MPs) implicated in the scandal fared only marginally worse in the election than non-implicated colleagues. This lack of electoral accountability for misconduct could have arisen either because voters did not know about their representative's wrongdoing or because they chose not to electorally sanction them. We combine panel survey data with new measures of MP implication in the expenses scandal to test where electoral accountability failed. We find that MP implication influenced voter perceptions of wrongdoing more than expected. In contrast, constituents were only marginally less likely to vote for MPs who were implicated in the scandal. Electoral accountability may therefore be constrained even when information about representative misconduct is easily available and clearly influences voter perceptions. PMID:23576832

Assessing How Participators Combine Acts in Their "Political Tool Kits": A Person-Centered Measurement Approach for Analyzing Citizen Participation.

PubMed

Oser, Jennifer

2017-01-01

Scholars have recognized that a recent increase in the ways citizens participate beyond the electoral arena may be a promising avenue of renewal for citizen participation. In this article we test the theory that different kinds of citizenship norms motivate some citizens to specialize in electoral-oriented activities (e.g. voting), while others specialize in non-institutionalized activities (e.g. protest). The latent class analysis of data from the U.S. Citizen, Involvement and Democracy Survey (2005) in the current study assesses how actors combine a variety of acts in their "political tool kits" of participation, and facilitates a comparison to prior findings that analyze single political behaviors. Results indicate a participatory type that specializes in non-institutionalized acts, but the group's high probability of voting does not align with the expectations in the literature. An electoral-oriented specialist type is not identified; instead, the findings show that a majority of the population is best characterized as disengaged, while a small group of all-around activists embrace all possible opportunities for political action. The actor-centered theoretical and measurement approach in this study identifies caveats to the theory that changing citizenship norms are leading to civic and political renewal. We discuss the implications of these findings for measuring different aspects of democratic (dis)engagement and participatory (in)equality.

Electoral reform and public policy outcomes in Thailand: the politics of the 30-Baht health scheme.

PubMed

Selway, Joel Sawat

2011-01-01

How do changes in electoral rules affect the nature of public policy outcomes? The current evidence supporting institutional theories that answer this question stems almost entirely from quantitative cross-country studies, the data of which contain very little within-unit variation. Indeed, while there are many country-level accounts of how changes in electoral rules affect such phenomena as the number of parties or voter turnout, there are few studies of how electoral reform affects public policy outcomes. This article contributes to this latter endeavor by providing a detailed analysis of electoral reform and the public policy process in Thailand through an examination of the 1997 electoral reforms. Specifically, the author examines four aspects of policy-making: policy formulation, policy platforms, policy content, and policy outcomes. The article finds that candidates in the pre-1997 era campaigned on broad, generic platforms; parties had no independent means of technical policy expertise; the government targeted health resources to narrow geographic areas; and health was underprovided in Thai society. Conversely, candidates in the post-1997 era relied more on a strong, detailed national health policy; parties created mechanisms to formulate health policy independently; the government allocated health resources broadly to the entire nation through the introduction of a universal health care system, and health outcomes improved. The author attributes these changes in the policy process to the 1997 electoral reform, which increased both constituency breadth (the proportion of the population to which politicians were accountable) and majoritarianism.

Civil Military Operations In Ecuador

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-03-01

3455 This process of "re-democratization" meant more than the establishment of simple " electoral democracies඀. The return to democracy meant, for...representation, uncertain electoral outcomes, control of the state by political elected officials, and military subordination to the authority of elected...Abadalá Bucarám won the presidential elections with 54% of the electoral vote. Michael L. Conniff describes the elite reaction to his election

Of Ballots and Bullets: Explaining Civilian Control of the Military in Turkey, 2002-2011

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-01

had failed? Using the theory of electoral competition, this dissertation demonstrates the link between elections and policy making, and how together...AKP succeed where other political parties had failed? Using the theory of electoral competition, this dissertation demonstrates the link between...between the AKP and the TSK are informed by a variety of theories , electoral competition and the incentive structure created by elections best explains

Forensic analysis of Venezuelan elections during the Chávez presidency.

PubMed

Jiménez, Raúl; Hidalgo, Manuel

2014-01-01

Hugo Chávez dominated the Venezuelan electoral landscape since his first presidential victory in 1998 until his death in 2013. Nobody doubts that he always received considerable voter support in the numerous elections held during his mandate. However, the integrity of the electoral system has come into question since the 2004 Presidential Recall Referendum. From then on, different sectors of society have systematically alleged electoral irregularities or biases in favor of the incumbent party. We have carried out a thorough forensic analysis of the national-level Venezuelan electoral processes held during the 1998-2012 period to assess these complaints. The second-digit Benford's law and two statistical models of vote distributions, recently introduced in the literature, are reviewed and used in our case study. In addition, we discuss a new method to detect irregular variations in the electoral roll. The outputs obtained from these election forensic tools are examined taking into account the substantive context of the elections and referenda under study. Thus, we reach two main conclusions. Firstly, all the tools uncover anomalous statistical patterns, which are consistent with election fraud from 2004 onwards. Although our results are not a concluding proof of fraud, they signal the Recall Referendum as a turning point in the integrity of the Venezuelan elections. Secondly, our analysis calls into question the reliability of the electoral register since 2004. In particular, we found irregular variations in the electoral roll that were decisive in winning the 50% majority in the 2004 Referendum and in the 2012 Presidential Elections.

Forensic Analysis of Venezuelan Elections during the Chávez Presidency

PubMed Central

Jiménez, Raúl; Hidalgo, Manuel

2014-01-01

Hugo Chávez dominated the Venezuelan electoral landscape since his first presidential victory in 1998 until his death in 2013. Nobody doubts that he always received considerable voter support in the numerous elections held during his mandate. However, the integrity of the electoral system has come into question since the 2004 Presidential Recall Referendum. From then on, different sectors of society have systematically alleged electoral irregularities or biases in favor of the incumbent party. We have carried out a thorough forensic analysis of the national-level Venezuelan electoral processes held during the 1998–2012 period to assess these complaints. The second-digit Benford's law and two statistical models of vote distributions, recently introduced in the literature, are reviewed and used in our case study. In addition, we discuss a new method to detect irregular variations in the electoral roll. The outputs obtained from these election forensic tools are examined taking into account the substantive context of the elections and referenda under study. Thus, we reach two main conclusions. Firstly, all the tools uncover anomalous statistical patterns, which are consistent with election fraud from 2004 onwards. Although our results are not a concluding proof of fraud, they signal the Recall Referendum as a turning point in the integrity of the Venezuelan elections. Secondly, our analysis calls into question the reliability of the electoral register since 2004. In particular, we found irregular variations in the electoral roll that were decisive in winning the 50% majority in the 2004 Referendum and in the 2012 Presidential Elections. PMID:24971462

Electoral surveys’ influence on the voting processes: a cellular automata model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alves, S. G.; Oliveira Neto, N. M.; Martins, M. L.

2002-12-01

Nowadays, in societies threatened by atomization, selfishness, short-term thinking, and alienation from political life, there is a renewed debate about classical questions concerning the quality of democratic decision making. In this work a cellular automata model for the dynamics of free elections, based on the social impact theory is proposed. By using computer simulations, power-law distributions for the size of electoral clusters and decision time have been obtained. The major role of broadcasted electoral surveys in guiding opinion formation and stabilizing the “status quo” was demonstrated. Furthermore, it was shown that in societies where these surveys are manipulated within the universally accepted statistical error bars, even a majoritary opposition could be hindered from reaching power through the electoral path.

Ideological Consumerism in Colombian Elections, 2015: Links Between Political Ideology, Twitter Activity, and Electoral Results

PubMed Central

Camargo, Jorge E.

2017-01-01

Abstract Propagation of political ideologies in social networks has shown a substantial impact on voting behavior. Both the contents of the messages (the ideology) and the politicians' influence on their online audiences (their followers) have been associated with such an impact. In this study we evaluate which of these factors exerted a major role in deciding electoral results of the 2015 Colombian regional elections by evaluating the linguistic similarity of political ideologies and their influence on the Twitter sphere. The electoral results proved to be strongly associated with tweets and retweets and not with the linguistic content of their ideologies or politicians' followers in Twitter. Finally, suggestions for new ways to analyze electoral processes are discussed. PMID:28080152

Ideological Consumerism in Colombian Elections, 2015: Links Between Political Ideology, Twitter Activity, and Electoral Results.

PubMed

Correa, Juan C; Camargo, Jorge E

2017-01-01

Propagation of political ideologies in social networks has shown a substantial impact on voting behavior. Both the contents of the messages (the ideology) and the politicians' influence on their online audiences (their followers) have been associated with such an impact. In this study we evaluate which of these factors exerted a major role in deciding electoral results of the 2015 Colombian regional elections by evaluating the linguistic similarity of political ideologies and their influence on the Twitter sphere. The electoral results proved to be strongly associated with tweets and retweets and not with the linguistic content of their ideologies or politicians' followers in Twitter. Finally, suggestions for new ways to analyze electoral processes are discussed.

[Putting decriminalization of abortion to a refendum].

PubMed

1997-09-01

Surveys conducted in Mexico by GIRE in 1992, 1994, and 1995 reveal that over 80% of the national population believes only a woman or a woman and her partner should make abortion decisions. Neither the government, the Church, nor physicians should intervene. Public opinion and the documented social and public health consequences of illegal abortion demonstrate the obsolescence of laws penalizing abortion. Mexico does not have a direct means of converting the opinions of the population into votes and laws. In place of referendums, committees of specialists have been convened; they are limited in number and ability to represent diverse groups, and oriented above all to the losses and gains of political and parliamentary disputes. The electoral reform of 1995-96 was a good example of the question under debate getting lost in partisan maneuvering. The Federal District and four states have initiated development of the referendum process, but the procedures have been too cumbersome and the results disappointing. In the current day, opinions are often formed not by following a rational process, but by bombardment with advertising appealing to irrational emotions. The democratic effects of referendum should be furthered by guaranteeing fair and exhaustive exposure of all points of view before the vote is held. GIRE recommends that a referendum on decriminalization of abortion should be preceded by a period of at least two years for public debate and reflection, and that the Federal Electoral Institute should organize the debate and the referendum.

USSR Report, International Affairs, The Working Class and the Contemporary World, Number 6, November-December 1985

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-07-14

called people’s parties which lose the specifics of their make-up as the ruling parties become the government party. The electorate of the "traditional...an electoral choice, which presupposed above all evaluation of the personal qualities of one political leader or another. An objective need arose...that Suarez proved to be legitimated in mass consciousness as the almost "natural" head of the new course, even before an electoral mandate was given

Statistical analysis of Brazilian electoral campaigns via Benford's law

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gamermann, Daniel; Antunes, Felipe Leite

2018-04-01

The principle of democracy is that the people govern through elected representatives. Therefore, a democracy is healthy as long as the elected politicians do represent the people. We have analyzed data from the Brazilian electoral court (Tribunal Superior Eleitoral, TSE) concerning money donations for the electoral campaigns and the election results. Our work points to two conclusions that combined may be in conflict with the democratic principle: money is the determining factor on whether a candidate is elected or not (opposed to representativeness); secondly, the use of Benford's Law to analyze the declared donations received by the parties and electoral campaigns shows either possible manipulations in the declarations or a significant number of donations that might not have been spontaneous from the donors. The better term that describes Brazil's government system is plutocracy (govern by the wealthy).

I WISH It Was Rocket Science: Lessons Learned from School Board Service

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hammer, Philip W.

2008-04-01

In this talk I will share my experience of election to the Haddon Heights, New Jersey Board of Education and my event-filled path to Board presidency. As a board member, I have worked with taxpayers, teachers, administrators, unions, fellow board members, students, and parents with the goal of improving public education in this small suburban district. In a state where every year the electorate simultaneously votes on their town's school budget, whether to increase their property taxes, and elect a new Board of Education, school board service presents a fascinating set of challenges and opportunities. I hope to convince other physicists that serving on their local school board is a great and personally rewarding way to have direct positive impact on local public education. I will also convey some important lessons learned about politics, education policy, and leadership.

A needs index for mental health care.

PubMed

Glover, G R; Robin, E; Emami, J; Arabscheibani, G R

1998-02-01

The study aimed to develop a mental illness needs index to help local managers, district purchasers and national policy makers in allocating resources. Formulae were developed by regression analysis using 1991 census data to predict the period prevalence of acute psychiatric admission from electoral wards. Census variables used were chosen on the basis of an established association with mental illness rates. Data from one English Health Service region were analysed for patterns common to wards at hospital catchment area level and patterns common to district health authorities at regional level. The North East Thames region was chosen as the setting for the study, with 7096 patients being admitted during 1991. In most, but not all, catchment areas reasonable prediction of the pattern of admission prevalence was possible using the variables chosen. However, different population characteristics predicted admission prevalence in rural and urban areas. Prediction methods based on one or two variables are thus unlikely to work in both settings. A Mental Illness Needs Index (MINI) based on social isolation, poverty, unemployment, permanent sickness and temporary and insecure housing predicted differences in admission prevalence between wards at catchment area level better than Jarman's Underprivileged Area (UPA) score [1] and between districts at regional level better than the UPA score and comparably to the York Psychiatric Index [2] (adjusted r2 at regional level (MINI 0.82, UPA 0.53, York index 0.70). District admission prevalence rates vary by a factor of three between rural and inner city areas; this difference may not fully reflect the variation in the cost of providing care. It did not prove possible to incorporate factors related to bed availability in the models used; reasons for this are discussed. Data covering other aspects of mental health care in addition to hospital admission are needed for more satisfactory modelling.

Field experiment estimate of electoral fraud in Russian parliamentary elections

PubMed Central

Enikolopov, Ruben; Korovkin, Vasily; Petrova, Maria; Sonin, Konstantin; Zakharov, Alexei

2013-01-01

Electoral fraud is a widespread phenomenon, especially outside the developed world. Despite abundant qualitative and anecdotal evidence on its existence from around the world, there is very limited quantitative evidence on the extent of electoral fraud. We exploit random assignment of independent observers to 156 of 3,164 polling stations in the city of Moscow to estimate the effect of electoral fraud on the outcome of the Russian parliamentary elections held on December 4, 2011. We estimate the actual share of votes for the incumbent United Russia party to be at least 11 percentage points lower than the official count (36% instead of 47%). Our results suggest that the extent of the fraud was sufficient to have had a substantial impact on the outcome of the elections; they also confirm that the presence of observers is an important factor in ensuring the integrity of the procedure. PMID:23267093

Wishful thinking in the 2008 U.S. presidential election.

PubMed

Krizan, Zlatan; Miller, Jeffrey C; Johar, Omesh

2010-01-01

In elections, political preferences are strongly linked to the expectations of the electoral winner-people usually expect their favorite candidate to win. This link could be driven by wishful thinking (a biasing influence of preferences), driven by a biasing influence of expectations on one's wishes, or produced spuriously. To examine these competing possibilities in the 2008 U.S. presidential election, a longitudinal study assessed uncommitted young voters' electoral expectations and preferences over four time points during the month before the election. The findings indicated clear support for wishful thinking: Over time, people's preferences shaped their expectations, but the reverse was not the case. Moreover, these relations were larger among those more strongly identified with their political party and held even when perceptions of general candidate popularity were taken into account. Finally, changes in electoral expectations were consequential, as they shaped disappointment in the electoral results even after taking candidate preferences into account.

Citizenship rights for immigrants: national political processes and cross-national convergence in western Europe, 1980-2008.

PubMed

Koopmans, Ruud; Michalowski, Ines; Waibel, Stine

2012-01-01

Immigrant citizenship rights in the nation-state reference both theories of cross-national convergence and the resilience of national political processes. This article investigates European countries' attribution of rights to immigrants: Have these rights become more inclusive and more similar across countries? Are they affected by EU membership, the role of the judiciary, the party in power, the size of the immigrant electorate, or pressure exerted by anti-immigrant parties? Original data on 10 European countries, 1980-2008, reveal no evidence for cross-national convergence. Rights tended to become more inclusive until 2002, but stagnated afterward. Electoral changes drive these trends: growth of the immigrant electorate led to expansion, but countermobilization by right-wing parties slowed or reversed liberalizations. These electoral mechanisms are in turn shaped by long-standing policy traditions, leading to strong path dependence and the reproduction of preexisting cross-national differences.

The 'biliterate' ballot controversy: language acquisition and cultural shift among immigrants.

PubMed

Loo, C M

1985-01-01

This US study tested the validity of assumptions made regarding multilingual electoral ballot provisions. Rationale for language assistance was found to exist on the basis of number and proportion of recent immigrants, proportion of foreign born, lag of biliterate skill behind bilingual ability, linguistic differences between the Chinese language and English, and the discriminatory structure of the labor market. In California, where close to 1/2 the population is an ethnic minority, the issue is particularly relevant. Bilingual advocates view English-only advocates as "un-American" on legal and ideological grounds, while English-only advocates consider it "un-American" to be non-English speaking. In addition to census data and the existing literature, this study relies on the structured interview survey data of a representative sample of the Chinese adult population of San Francisco's Chinatown. 2/3 of the immigrants believed an immigrant should make some cultural changes, and 1/2 of the immigrants had done so. Data failed to support the claim that immigrants are uninformed that English is necessary for sociopolitical participation. Their more recent pattern of immigration, the linguistic differences between Asian languages and the English language, and structural constraints of US society make successive language acquisition difficult for Chinese migrant adults. Policy recommendations include: 1) changing language assistance criteria in the electoral process, 2) adding Vietnamese as a single language minority, 3) not considering Asian language minorities as 1 generic category, 4) justifying electoral assistance on several grounds, 5) disseminating data bearing directly on misguided assumptions related to language and cultural shift factors, and 6) renaming the "bilingual ballots" to "biliterate ballots."

Comparative Elections: Building a Basic Reference Collection.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nalen, James E.

2001-01-01

This annotated bibliography focuses on resources for the study of international elections and electoral systems and outcomes that will be useful for collection development and for answering reference questions about foreign elections. Discusses comparative politics, comparative elections, and possible electoral reform. (LRW)

Assessing Presidential Character: Degradation Rituals in Political Campaigns.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bennett, W. Lance

1981-01-01

Considers the consequences of taking political blunders seriously as central objects of electoral discourse. Explores gaffes as possible degradation rituals and as contributions to the definition of the electoral process and to the information needs of voters who must make decisions within that process. (PD)

Divided Wisconsin: Partisan Spatial Electoral Realignment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zaniewski, Kazimierz J.; Simmons, James R.

2016-01-01

When the Republican and Democratic presidential candidates head into the general election this fall, they will be courting votes from a statewide electorate that has dramatically shifted over time, mirroring the political polarization that is happening across the country. Over the last three decades, Wisconsin's political geography has evolved…

Between Order and Disorder: A ‘Weak Law’ on Recent Electoral Behavior among Urban Voters?

PubMed Central

Borghesi, Christian; Chiche, Jean; Nadal, Jean-Pierre

2012-01-01

A new viewpoint on electoral involvement is proposed from the study of the statistics of the proportions of abstentionists, blank and null, and votes according to list of choices, in a large number of national elections in different countries. Considering 11 countries without compulsory voting (Austria, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Poland, Romania, Spain, and Switzerland), a stylized fact emerges for the most populated cities when one computes the entropy associated to the three ratios, which we call the entropy of civic involvement of the electorate. The distribution of this entropy (over all elections and countries) appears to be sharply peaked near a common value. This almost common value is typically shared since the 1970s by electorates of the most populated municipalities, and this despite the wide disparities between voting systems and types of elections. Performing different statistical analyses, we notably show that this stylized fact reveals particular correlations between the blank/null votes and abstentionists ratios. We suggest that the existence of this hidden regularity, which we propose to coin as a ‘weak law on recent electoral behavior among urban voters’, reveals an emerging collective behavioral norm characteristic of urban citizen voting behavior in modern democracies. Analyzing exceptions to the rule provides insights into the conditions under which this normative behavior can be expected to occur. PMID:22848365

Between order and disorder: a 'weak law' on recent electoral behavior among urban voters?

PubMed

Borghesi, Christian; Chiche, Jean; Nadal, Jean-Pierre

2012-01-01

A new viewpoint on electoral involvement is proposed from the study of the statistics of the proportions of abstentionists, blank and null, and votes according to list of choices, in a large number of national elections in different countries. Considering 11 countries without compulsory voting (Austria, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Poland, Romania, Spain, and Switzerland), a stylized fact emerges for the most populated cities when one computes the entropy associated to the three ratios, which we call the entropy of civic involvement of the electorate. The distribution of this entropy (over all elections and countries) appears to be sharply peaked near a common value. This almost common value is typically shared since the 1970s by electorates of the most populated municipalities, and this despite the wide disparities between voting systems and types of elections. Performing different statistical analyses, we notably show that this stylized fact reveals particular correlations between the blank/null votes and abstentionists ratios. We suggest that the existence of this hidden regularity, which we propose to coin as a 'weak law on recent electoral behavior among urban voters', reveals an emerging collective behavioral norm characteristic of urban citizen voting behavior in modern democracies. Analyzing exceptions to the rule provides insights into the conditions under which this normative behavior can be expected to occur.

The Politics of the League of Women Voters.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Black, Naomi

1983-01-01

The League of Women Voters is often regarded as having retarded the participation of women in American electoral politics because of its nonpartisan stance. However, many League members have used the League as an entry into electoral politics, and the League has supported many issues important to women. (IS)

Building Alliances: Defending Immigrant Rights in Rural Oregon

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stephen, Lynn

2008-01-01

Political participation in the rural United States has often been narrowly defined within the confines of electoral politics. Increasingly, participants in rural US social movements have highlighted the shortcomings of democracy defined purely in terms of electoral politics in favour of a more participatory model of politics that focuses on the…

One Vote for the Electoral College

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Turner, John J., Jr.

2007-01-01

For students of history, the acrimonious and contentious 1876 presidential canvass came to mind during the 2000 election imbroglio. Democrat Samuel J. Tilden won the popular vote, but to the dismay of outraged Democrats, an electoral commission of eight Republicans and seven Democrats decided along strict party lines to give twenty disputed…

Political Education Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

League of United Latin American Citizens, Washington, DC.

Written to help Hispanics understand the electoral process more thoroughly and to encourage them to participate more actively in the political arena, this manual begins by describing the present status of the Hispanic electorate and then explains how laws are made, how Hispanics can influence legislation, and how to organize a voter registration…

26 CFR 1.271-1 - Debts owed by political parties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...-presidential electors, or the selection, nomination, or election of any individual to any Federal, State, or local elective public office, whether or not such individual or electors are selected, nominated, or elected. Accordingly, a political party includes a committee or other group which accepts contributions or...

26 CFR 1.271-1 - Debts owed by political parties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...-presidential electors, or the selection, nomination, or election of any individual to any Federal, State, or local elective public office, whether or not such individual or electors are selected, nominated, or elected. Accordingly, a political party includes a committee or other group which accepts contributions or...

26 CFR 1.271-1 - Debts owed by political parties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...-presidential electors, or the selection, nomination, or election of any individual to any Federal, State, or local elective public office, whether or not such individual or electors are selected, nominated, or elected. Accordingly, a political party includes a committee or other group which accepts contributions or...

26 CFR 1.271-1 - Debts owed by political parties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...-presidential electors, or the selection, nomination, or election of any individual to any Federal, State, or local elective public office, whether or not such individual or electors are selected, nominated, or elected. Accordingly, a political party includes a committee or other group which accepts contributions or...

26 CFR 1.271-1 - Debts owed by political parties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...-presidential electors, or the selection, nomination, or election of any individual to any Federal, State, or local elective public office, whether or not such individual or electors are selected, nominated, or elected. Accordingly, a political party includes a committee or other group which accepts contributions or...

Vote. Election Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Illinois State Board of Education, Springfield.

This election-education program is designed to help develop an informed electorate and to instill in future voters an appreciation of the importance of the right to vote. It provides a framework for discussions of the electoral process and gives students an opportunity to face the responsibilities and challenges associated with citizenship and…

A Foreign Correspondent's View of the Electoral Process.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gardner, Mary A. Ed.

According to their personal points of view regarding United States politics, a panel of foreign correspondents from other nations evaluated the United States electoral process and discussed the difficulties involved in conveying the complexities of this process to an audience. This document contains an edited transcript of the panel's comments.…

Voting and the Disabled: A Review of Canadian Election Legislation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Curtis, Charles K.

1983-01-01

Examination of Election Acts to determine how disabled electors are accommodated during federal, provincial, and municipal elections in Canada revealed that, beyond identifying procedures for accommodating electors with certain disabilities, in more jurisdictions both severely retarded and mentally ill persons are denied the right to vote.…

The Revolutionary Left and Terrorist Violence in Chile.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-06-01

Fraude Electoral Designada por la Facultad de Derecho de la Pontifica Universidad de Chile," in Libro Blanco del Cambio de Gobierno de Chile, Editorial...Chilean law, could not be invaded by the police. The MIR never became a formal political party. It completely rejected the electoral process

Unemployment rate as predictor of rate of psychiatric admission.

PubMed

Kammerling, R M; O'Connor, S

1993-12-11

To examine the relation between rates of psychiatric admissions and both the rate of unemployment and the underprivileged area score within small areas. Calculation of correlation coefficients and explanatory power by using data on psychiatric admissions from April 1990 to March 1992. Crude and age standardised rates were used based on all admissions and also on the number of people admitted regardless of the number of times each person was admitted. Sectors with an average population of 45,000 consisting of aggregations of neighbouring wards in Bristol and District Health Authority and electoral wards with an average population of 9400 in the city of Bristol. Unemployment rates explained 93% of the variation in the crude person based admission rates standardised for age for those aged under 65 in the sectors. Person based rates correlated more strongly with unemployment than did rates based on all separate admissions. Inclusion of people aged 65 and over weakened the relation. Within electoral wards unemployment rates explained only about 50-60% of the variation but were still more powerful than the underprivileged area score. There was a significant negative correlation between average length of stay and readmission rates--that is, sectors with short lengths of stay were more likely to have patients readmitted (r = -0.64, 95% confidence interval -0.25 to -0.85). Unemployment rates are an extremely powerful indicator of the rates of serious mental illness that will need treatment in hospital in those aged under 65. This should be considered in the process of resource allocation, particularly to fundholders in general practice, or people with serious mental illness living in areas of high unemployment could be considerably disadvantaged.

Politics and population health: Testing the impact of electoral democracy.

PubMed

Patterson, Andrew C; Veenstra, Gerry

2016-07-01

This study addresses questions of whether and why electoral democracies have better health than other nations. After devising a replicable approach to missing data, we compare political, economic, and health-related data for 168 nations collected annually from 1960 through 2010. Regression models estimate that electoral democracies have 11 years of longer life expectancy on average and 62.5% lower rates of infant mortality. The association with life expectancy reduces markedly after controlling for GDP, while a combination of factors may explain the democratic advantage in infant health. Results suggest that income inequality associates independently with both health outcomes but does not mediate their associations with democracy. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mathematics of the Bulgarian Electoral System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Konstantinov, Mihail M.; Pelova, Galina B.; Boneva, Juliana K.

2009-11-01

In this paper we consider the mathematical aspects of the Bulgarian proportional electoral systems used since 1990. They are variants of a proportional system at a nationwide level with 4-percent barrier such that the party seats are personified from a number of regional party lists. This system is unique in the world electoral practice and may lead to severe inter-party distortions. These distortions although formally correct are hardly accepted by the public and by local party activists in particular. Methods to overcome these difficulties as well as the status-quo of the problem are considered. Finally new paradoxes are studied which are generalizations of the well known paradoxes for the plain proportional systems.

Spaghetti Politics: Local Electoral Systems and Alliance Structure in Italy, 1984-2001

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parigi, Paolo; Bearman, Peter S.

2008-01-01

This article describes the impact of the Italian electoral reforms of 1993 on the structure of local political alliances. The reform, which moved Italy from a purely proportional representation system to a mixed, largely majoritarian system, was designed to increase transparency, reduce corruption, limit the number of political parties, and create…

Vote. Speak Out. 3-6.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Illinois State Board of Education, Springfield.

The purpose of this election-education program is to help develop an informed electorate and to instill in future voters an appreciation of the importance of the right to vote. It provides a framework for discussions of the electoral process and gives students in grades three through six an opportunity to face the responsibilities and challenges…

Analysis of Spatial Voting Patterns: An Approach in Political Socialization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Klimasewski, Ted

1973-01-01

Passage of the 26th Amendment gave young adults the right to vote. This study attempts to further student understanding of the electoral process by presenting a method for analyzing spatial voting patterns. The spatial emphasis adds another dimension to the temporal and behavioral-structural approaches in studying the American electoral system.…

Purple States in the 2016 Presidential Election

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shelley, Fred M.; Hitt, Ashley M.

2016-01-01

Given the nature of the Electoral College system, the two major political parties concentrate on winning the electoral votes of those states in which the preference of voters are divided evenly. Thus, the parties and their candidates ignore states such as Wyoming and Oklahoma, which are reliably Republican, and they ignore states such as…

Health care and ideology: a reconsideration of political determinants of public healthcare funding in the OECD.

PubMed

Herwartz, Helmut; Theilen, Bernd

2014-02-01

In this article, we examined if partisan ideology and electoral motives influence public healthcare expenditure (HCE) in countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. We distinguished between the effects on the growth of the expenditures and its adjustment to violations of a long-run equilibrium linking HCE with macroeconomic and demographic trends. Regarding the influence of partisan ideology, we found that if governments are sufficiently long in power, right-wing governments spend less on public health than their left-wing counterparts. Furthermore, if a right-wing party governs without coalition partners, it responds more strongly to deviations from the long-run HCE equilibrium than left-wing governments. With regard to electoral motives, we found that health expenditure increases in years of elections. Independent of their partisan ideology, single-party (minority) governments induce higher (lower) growth of public HCE. Each of these political factors by its own may increase (decrease) HCE growth by approximately one percentage point. Given an average annual growth of HCE of approximately 4.1%, political factors turn out to be important determinants of trends in public HCE. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Impact of Race and Ethnicity, Immigration and Political Context on Participation in American Electoral Politics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Logan, John R.; Darrah, Jennifer; Oh, Sookhee

2012-01-01

This study uses national survey data in federal election years from 1996 through 2004 to examine voter registration and voting. It shows that racial/ethnic disparities in socio-economic resources and rootedness in the community do not explain overall group differences in electoral participation. It contradicts the expectation from an assimilation…

The Impact of Negative Income Tax on Participation in Electoral Politics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heffernan, Joseph

This paper reports on the impact of the Rural Income Maintenance Experiment on participation in the electoral process. Paradigms of the left and of the right predict dramatically different consequences of universal income supplement, the left wing seeing such a program as essential for minimal democratic processes while the right sees in universal…

The Voting Rights Act and Black Electoral Participation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, Kenneth H.

An analysis of Census Bureau data on registration and voting by black citizens over the past two decades shows the positive influence of the 1965 Voting Rights Act on electoral participation. After the passage of the act, there was more than a 50% increase in the number of black registered voters. Of black and white citizens participating in the…

The Senate Electoral Cycle and Bicameral Appropriations Politics1

PubMed Central

Shepsle, Kenneth A.; Van Houweling, Robert P.; Abrams, Samuel J.; Hanson, Peter C.

2009-01-01

We consider the consequences of the Senate electoral cycle and bicameralism for distributive politics, introducing the concept of contested credit claiming, i.e. that members of a state’s House and Senate delegations must share the credit for appropriations that originate in their chamber with delegation members in the other chamber. Using data that isolates appropriations of each chamber, we test a model of the strategic incentives contested credit claiming creates. Our empirical analysis indicates that the Senate electoral cycle induces a back-loading of benefits to the end of senatorial terms, but that the House blunts this tendency with countercyclical appropriations. Our analysis informs our understanding of appropriations earmarking, and points a way forward in studying the larger consequences of bicameral legislatures. PMID:19543433

Cannabis use and risk of lung cancer: a case-control study.

PubMed

Aldington, S; Harwood, M; Cox, B; Weatherall, M; Beckert, L; Hansell, A; Pritchard, A; Robinson, G; Beasley, R

2008-02-01

The aim of the present study was to determine the risk of lung cancer associated with cannabis smoking. A case-control study of lung cancer in adults

Voter Education Manual for Secondary Schools and a Teacher's Guide to Student Handouts in the Voter Education Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Balasco, Alfred P.; And Others

This classroom guide instructs secondary school students about the registration process, the voting process, and the importance of the American electoral system. The goal is to encourage students to participate in the electoral process. Although the guide focuses most heavily on the specifics of voter education in Rhode Island, it is also…

Hizb ut-Tahrir: A Threat Behind a Legal Facade?

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-06-01

as something “man-made,’ humanly derived and “un-Islamic,” and therefore, does not participate in any secular electoral process . However, HT does...derived and “un-Islamic,” and therefore, does not participate in any secular electoral process . However, HT does not reject modern technology and its...2. The Evolutionary Process of Jihad Interpretations ..........................................62 x

Transnational networks, diffusion dynamics, and electoral revolutions in the postcommunist world

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bunce, Valerie; Wolchik, Sharon L.

2007-05-01

Since 1996, eight elections have taken place in postcommunist Europe and Eurasia that have replaced illiberal with liberal governments. There is ample evidence that these “electoral revolutions” reflected the cross-national diffusion of a distinctive model of regime change that was developed elsewhere and that was designed to promote democratization in authoritarian political contexts featuring semi-competitive elections. This electoral model spread throughout the postcommunist region because of both shared perceptions by opposition groups of similar local conditions and the existence of transnational democracy promotion networks that included local, regional and American participants. As these revolutions spread, however, they were less successful in carrying through democratic change-in part because local conditions were less supportive and in part because authoritarian leaders and their international allies were both forewarned and forearmed.

Affect in electoral politics.

PubMed

Glaser, J; Salovey, P

1998-01-01

Recent U.S. history provides vivid illustrations of the importance of politicians' emotional displays in subsequent judgments of them. Yet, a review of empirical research on the role of affect (emotion, mood, and evaluation) in electoral politics reveals little work that has focused on the impact of candidates' emotional expression on voters' preferences for them. A theoretical framework is proposed to identify psychological mechanisms by which a target's displays of emotion influence judgments of that target. Findings from the emerging literature on emotions and politics challenge the traditional assumption of political science that voters make decisions based solely on the cold consideration of nonaffectively charged information. The affect and politics literature, although somewhat unfocused and broad, represents an interdisciplinary domain of study that contributes to the understanding of both electoral politics and social interaction more generally.

Statistical detection of systematic election irregularities

PubMed Central

Klimek, Peter; Yegorov, Yuri; Hanel, Rudolf; Thurner, Stefan

2012-01-01

Democratic societies are built around the principle of free and fair elections, and that each citizen’s vote should count equally. National elections can be regarded as large-scale social experiments, where people are grouped into usually large numbers of electoral districts and vote according to their preferences. The large number of samples implies statistical consequences for the polling results, which can be used to identify election irregularities. Using a suitable data representation, we find that vote distributions of elections with alleged fraud show a kurtosis substantially exceeding the kurtosis of normal elections, depending on the level of data aggregation. As an example, we show that reported irregularities in recent Russian elections are, indeed, well-explained by systematic ballot stuffing. We develop a parametric model quantifying the extent to which fraudulent mechanisms are present. We formulate a parametric test detecting these statistical properties in election results. Remarkably, this technique produces robust outcomes with respect to the resolution of the data and therefore, allows for cross-country comparisons. PMID:23010929

Statistical detection of systematic election irregularities.

PubMed

Klimek, Peter; Yegorov, Yuri; Hanel, Rudolf; Thurner, Stefan

2012-10-09

Democratic societies are built around the principle of free and fair elections, and that each citizen's vote should count equally. National elections can be regarded as large-scale social experiments, where people are grouped into usually large numbers of electoral districts and vote according to their preferences. The large number of samples implies statistical consequences for the polling results, which can be used to identify election irregularities. Using a suitable data representation, we find that vote distributions of elections with alleged fraud show a kurtosis substantially exceeding the kurtosis of normal elections, depending on the level of data aggregation. As an example, we show that reported irregularities in recent Russian elections are, indeed, well-explained by systematic ballot stuffing. We develop a parametric model quantifying the extent to which fraudulent mechanisms are present. We formulate a parametric test detecting these statistical properties in election results. Remarkably, this technique produces robust outcomes with respect to the resolution of the data and therefore, allows for cross-country comparisons.

Knowledge, Autonomy and Maturity: Developmental and Educational Concerns as Rhetorical Resources in Adolescents' Discussions regarding the Age of Electoral Majority in England

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gibson, Stephen; Hamilton, Lorna

2013-01-01

Recent debates concerning the age of electoral majority in the UK have focused on the levels of knowledge and maturity of young people. However, little research has explored the ways in which adolescents orient to these concerns themselves. In this article, we present analyses from a qualitative interview investigation in Northern England, and…

Le "tournoi des deux nations" ou une election legislative en France (The "Tournament of Two Nations" or a Legislative Election in France)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pucheu, Rene; And Others

1978-01-01

A presentation of the French electoral process in the form of a drama. The acts are: the rules of the game, the electoral laws; a short analysis of the "plot," the campaign; and an imaginary account of a campaign. The intention was more methodological than informative. (Text is in French.) (AMH)

A thermodynamic-like characterization of Colombia’s presidential elections in 2010, and a comparison with other Latin American countries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Campos, Diógenes

2011-05-01

A thermodynamic-like characterization of Colombia’s presidential election is presented. We assume that the electoral system consists of citizens embedded in a political environment, and that this environment can be considered as an information bath characterized by the entropic parameter q ( q∈[0,∞]). First, for q=1, the electoral outcomes of 2010 are translated into a set of probabilities (relative frequencies of the events) P={P1,P2,…,PN}, with N possible independent results. Then, for 0≤q<∞, the electoral system is characterized by using the thermodynamic-like method for probabilistic systems proposed in a previous article. Some general considerations of the macro-description of a probabilistic system and a comparison of presidential elections in five countries are also included.

Chile: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-02-18

electoral democracy, which endured until 1973. During much of this period, Chile was governed by presidents who pursued import-substitution...the armed forces and other bodies. 6 Peter M. Siavelis, “ Electoral System, Coalitional Disintegration, and the Future of Chile’s Concertación...Course in Democracy,” Washington Post , November 25, 2006. 16 “Chile: Pinochet-era Education Law Finally Replaced,” Latin News Weekly Report, August 20

Lesson Plan on Comparative Political Systems: Compare and Contrast the Presidential Election System of the USA to the Parliamentary Election System of Hungary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Connell, Daniel W.

This lesson describes the current government of Hungary and its underlying political and electoral systems. The lesson is structured with: (1) background on the parliamentary model of government, political parties, and Hungary's unique electoral system; (2) a summary of the six major political parties in Hungary and voter information for the 1990…

Tally of the 1824 Electoral College Vote. The Constitution Community: Revolution and the New Nation (1754-1820s).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greene, Mary Frances

This lesson focuses on the role of the Electoral College in the election of the President and Vice-President as specified in the U.S. Constitution in Article II, Section 1, Clauses 2 and 4, and the Twelfth Amendment. The lesson correlates to the National History Standards and the National Standards for Civics and Government. The tally of the 1824…

Distribution of Votes and a Model of Political Opinion Formation for Majority Elections

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prenga, Dode; Ifti, Margarita

We study the behavior of the number of votes cast for different electoral subjects in majority elections, and in particular, the Albanian elections of the last 10 years, as well as the British, Russian, and Canadian elections. We report the frequency of obtaining a certain percentage (fraction) of votes versus this fraction for the parliamentary elections. In the distribution of votes cast in majority elections we identify two regimes. In the low percentiles we see a power law distribution, with exponent about -1.7. In the power law regime we find over 80% of the data points, while they relate to 20% of the votes cast. Votes of the small electoral subjects are found in this regime. The other regime includes percentiles above 20%, and has Gaussian distribution. It corresponds to large electoral subjects. A similar pattern is observed in other first past the post (FPP) elections, such as British and Canadian, but here the Gaussian is reduced to an exponential. Finally we show that this distribution can not be reproduced by a modified "word of mouth" model of opinion formation. This behavior can be reproduced by a model that comprises different number of zealots, as well as different campaign strengths for different electoral subjects, in presence of preferential attachment of voters to candidates.

Results on three predictions for July 2012 federal elections in Mexico based on past regularities.

PubMed

Hernández-Saldaña, H

2013-01-01

The Presidential Election in Mexico of July 2012 has been the third time that PREP, Previous Electoral Results Program works. PREP gives voting outcomes based in electoral certificates of each polling station that arrive to capture centers. In previous ones, some statistical regularities had been observed, three of them were selected to make predictions and were published in arXiv:1207.0078 [physics.soc-ph]. Using the database made public in July 2012, two of the predictions were completely fulfilled, while, the third one was measured and confirmed using the database obtained upon request to the electoral authorities. The first two predictions confirmed by actual measures are: (ii) The Partido Revolucionario Institucional, PRI, is a sprinter and has a better performance in polling stations arriving late to capture centers during the process. (iii) Distribution of vote of this party is well described by a smooth function named a Daisy model. A Gamma distribution, but compatible with a Daisy model, fits the distribution as well. The third prediction confirms that errare humanum est, since the error distributions of all the self-consistency variables appeared as a central power law with lateral lobes as in 2000 and 2006 electoral processes. The three measured regularities appeared no matter the political environment.

Results on Three Predictions for July 2012 Federal Elections in Mexico Based on Past Regularities

PubMed Central

Hernández-Saldaña, H.

2013-01-01

The Presidential Election in Mexico of July 2012 has been the third time that PREP, Previous Electoral Results Program works. PREP gives voting outcomes based in electoral certificates of each polling station that arrive to capture centers. In previous ones, some statistical regularities had been observed, three of them were selected to make predictions and were published in arXiv:1207.0078 [physics.soc-ph]. Using the database made public in July 2012, two of the predictions were completely fulfilled, while, the third one was measured and confirmed using the database obtained upon request to the electoral authorities. The first two predictions confirmed by actual measures are: (ii) The Partido Revolucionario Institucional, PRI, is a sprinter and has a better performance in polling stations arriving late to capture centers during the process. (iii) Distribution of vote of this party is well described by a smooth function named a Daisy model. A Gamma distribution, but compatible with a Daisy model, fits the distribution as well. The third prediction confirms that errare humanum est, since the error distributions of all the self-consistency variables appeared as a central power law with lateral lobes as in 2000 and 2006 electoral processes. The three measured regularities appeared no matter the political environment. PMID:24386103

Chile: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-10

achieve full independence until 1818. By 1932, Chile had established a mass electoral democracy, which endured until 1973. During much of this period...by the armed forces and other bodies. 6 Peter M. Siavelis, “ Electoral System, Coalitional Disintegration, and the Future of Chile’s Concertación...finally replaced,” Latin News Weekly Report, August 20, 2009. 13 Monte Reel, “Chile’s Student Activists: A Course in Democracy,” Washington Post

Chile: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-02

until 1818. By 1932, Chile had established a mass electoral democracy, which endured until 1973. During much of this period, Chile was governed by...served as “senators-for-life” and nine senators were designated by the armed forces and other bodies. 14 Peter M. Siavelis, “ Electoral System...Course in Democracy,” Washington Post , November 25, 2006. 24 “Chile: Pinochet-era Education Law Finally Replaced,” Latin News Weekly Report, August 20

Employment Problems Associated with the Accelerated Delivery of the F-16 to the Republic of Venezuela.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-09-01

the Social Christian Party, Comite por Organizacion Politica y Electoral Independiente (COPEI), lacked the strength and organization to pose a serious...executive branch and its agencies (9:181). The a" legislature also approves certain presidential appointments to diplomatic posts and promotions of high...Electoral Independiente (COPEI) with their slightly left of center views, have been the dominant parties since 1959 (10:186). Certain other parties

Americans Missing in Southeast Asia: Perceptions, Politics, and Realities

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-05-08

large segment of the American electorate and the U.S. Government. The rescue of Americans in captivity or the recovery ,, , 1473 EDITON OF I NOV 65 IS...subsequent identification of Americans who died in captivity , crashes, or battlefield incidents was a by-product of the ad hoc formalization of the...electorate and the U.S. Government. The rescue of Americans in captivity or the recovery and subsequent identification of Americans who died in captivity

Lives matter. Do votes? Invited commentary on "Black lives matter: Differential mortality and the racial composition of the U.S. electorate, 1970-2004".

PubMed

Purtle, Jonathan

2015-07-01

Racial health disparities in the United States are produced and perpetuated through public policies that differentially allocate risks and resources for health. Elected officials have the ability modify the structural determinants of racial health disparities through policy decisions and, through voting, the electorate can influence the extent to which these policy decisions promote health equity. In this commentary, I synthesize research on the voting behavior of electorates and policy decisions and present strategies to foster sociopolitical environments that are conducive to the implementation and enforcement of racial health disparity reduction initiatives. There is a need for research that contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the role of voting in health policy making processes and further development of empirically-based policy advocacy strategies. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Elder participation and senior power in Australian electoral politics.

PubMed

Borowski, Allan; Hudson, Robert B; McCormack, John

2008-01-01

This article seeks to assess the "goodness of fit" between the social science literature on the impact of older voters on electoral outcomes and the Australian experience of the politics of aging. While the literature suggests that the notion of senior power is a flawed one, Australia's 2004 federal election campaign indicated that this is not quite so. This article offers a possible explanation for the difference between the literature and the Australian experience in terms of the calculus that underpinned the election campaign, namely, capturing the votes of swing voters in marginal seats including "silver" swing voters in seats with a disproportionate number of older voters. The preliminary findings of a small exploratory study of campaign strategists suggest that there may be a real basis to this explanation. Thus, there does appear to be some basis for asserting that "gray power"does play a role in Australian national electoral politics.

Community-based recruitment strategies for a longitudinal interventional study: the VECAT experience.

PubMed

Garrett, S K; Thomas, A P; Cicuttini, F; Silagy, C; Taylor, H R; McNeil, J J

2000-05-01

This article examines different recruitment strategies for the VECAT Study, a 4-year, double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of vitamin E in the prevention of cataract and age-related maculopathy. Five recruitment methods were employed: newspaper advertising, radio advertising, approaches to community groups, approaches via general practices, and an electoral roll mail-out. Participants (1204) from the community in Melbourne, Australia were recruited and enrolled within 15 months (age range: 55-80 years, mean 66 years; gender ratio: 57% female, 43% male). The electoral roll mail-out and newspaper advertising were the most efficient methods of recruitment in terms of absolute numbers of participants recruited and cost per participant. Recruitment for the VECAT study was successfully completed within the planned period. Although the electoral roll mail-out and newspaper advertising were the most efficient for this study, other methods may be of value for studies with different subject selection criteria.

Colombia: Learning Institutions Enable Integrated Response

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-01

its roots in the aftermath of the bloody civil war—called simply “The Violence” (La Violencia ), 1948–1958/1960—had grown to the point that massed...negotiations with FARC to sweep into power with a first-round electoral victory. When he took office in mid-year, Uribe quickly made good on his promise...democracy reflected mass partici- pation and the will of the electorate . If there was irony, it was that the spec- tacular levels of support

The Constitution and National Security: A Bicentennial View

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-04-01

onl this view, joinitly (determinedI by the electoral and Institutional models . Elected ofticials-par- ticularlv Presidents-have anl Interest in...ashington political establishment, ats lPresi- dlen ts adlopted1 the electoral model of’ leginni ac( . the structure of’ policy and Interaction was...attack and the general welfare. The scope of’ govern meint was neither t(o (letine nor- to impose at model f’Or at morally complete or -saved- indi

Minimum Disclosure Counting for the Alternative Vote

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wen, Roland; Buckland, Richard

Although there is a substantial body of work on preventing bribery and coercion of voters in cryptographic election schemes for plurality electoral systems, there are few attempts to construct such schemes for preferential electoral systems. The problem is preferential systems are prone to bribery and coercion via subtle signature attacks during the counting. We introduce a minimum disclosure counting scheme for the alternative vote preferential system. Minimum disclosure provides protection from signature attacks by revealing only the winning candidate.

United States Security Assistance Training of Latin American Militaries: Intentions and Results.

DTIC Science & Technology

1995-09-01

the electoral victory and selected Dr. Victor Paz Estensorro as president. Not only did Banzer accept what to him and his party was an unfair act by...accepted electoral defeat. His party entered into a coalition government with the Congress’ choice, Jaime Paz Zamora. Banzer and his party remain...los Derechos Humanos en Colombia y el Papel del Gobierno y las Fuerzas Armadas para su Defensa," Military Review. (Hispanic Edition) 60-82. (April

Simple versus composite indicators of socioeconomic status in resource allocation formulae: the case of the district resource allocation formula in Malawi

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background The district resource allocation formula in Malawi was recently reviewed to include stunting as a proxy measure of socioeconomic status. In many countries where the concept of need has been incorporated in resource allocation, composite indicators of socioeconomic status have been used. In the Malawi case, it is important to ascertain whether there are differences between using single variable or composite indicators of socioeconomic status in allocations made to districts, holding all other factors in the resource allocation formula constant. Methods Principal components analysis was used to calculate asset indices for all districts from variables that capture living standards using data from the Malawi Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2006. These were normalized and used to weight district populations. District proportions of national population weighted by both the simple and composite indicators were then calculated for all districts and compared. District allocations were also calculated using the two approaches and compared. Results The two types of indicators are highly correlated, with a spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.97 at the 1% level of significance. For 21 out of the 26 districts included in the study, proportions of national population weighted by the simple indicator are higher by an average of 0.6 percentage points. For the remaining 5 districts, district proportions of national population weighted by the composite indicator are higher by an average of 2 percentage points. Though the average percentage point differences are low and the actual allocations using both approaches highly correlated (ρ of 0.96), differences in actual allocations exceed 10% for 8 districts and have an average of 4.2% for the remaining 17. For 21 districts allocations based on the single variable indicator are higher. Conclusions Variations in district allocations made using either the simple or composite indicators of socioeconomic status are not statistically different to recommend one over the other. However, the single variable indicator is favourable for its ease of computation. PMID:20053274

A model of political voting behaviours across different countries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rowden, Jessica; Lloyd, David J. B.; Gilbert, Nigel

2014-11-01

This paper analyses, models mathematically, and compares national voting behaviours across seven democratic countries that have a long term election history, focusing on re-election rates, leaders’ reputation with voters and the importance of friends’ and family influence. Based on the data, we build a Markov model to test and explore national voting behaviour, showing voters are only influenced by the most recent past election. The seven countries can be divided into those in which there is a high probability that leaders will be re-elected and those in which incumbents have relatively less success. A simple stochastic phenomenological dynamical model of electoral districts in which voters may be influenced by social neighbours, political parties and political leaders is then created to explore differences in voter behaviours in the countries. This model supports the thesis that an unsuccessful leader has a greater negative influence on individual voters than a successful leader, while also highlighting that increasing the influence on voters of social neighbours leads to a decrease in the average re-election rate of leaders, but raises the average amount of time the dominant party is in charge.

Structure and evolution of a European Parliament via a network and correlation analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Puccio, Elena; Pajala, Antti; Piilo, Jyrki; Tumminello, Michele

2016-11-01

We present a study of the network of relationships among elected members of the Finnish parliament, based on a quantitative analysis of initiative co-signatures, and its evolution over 16 years. To understand the structure of the parliament, we constructed a statistically validated network of members, based on the similarity between the patterns of initiatives they signed. We looked for communities within the network and characterized them in terms of members' attributes, such as electoral district and party. To gain insight on the nested structure of communities, we constructed a hierarchical tree of members from the correlation matrix. Afterwards, we studied parliament dynamics yearly, with a focus on correlations within and between parties, by also distinguishing between government and opposition. Finally, we investigated the role played by specific individuals, at a local level. In particular, whether they act as proponents who gather consensus, or as signers. Our results provide a quantitative background to current theories in political science. From a methodological point of view, our network approach has proven able to highlight both local and global features of a complex social system.

Dealing with correlated choices: how a spin-glass model can help political parties select their policies.

PubMed

Moore, M A; Katzgraber, Helmut G

2014-10-01

Starting from preferences on N proposed policies obtained via questionnaires from a sample of the electorate, an Ising spin-glass model in a field can be constructed from which a political party could find the subset of the proposed policies which would maximize its appeal, form a coherent choice in the eyes of the electorate, and have maximum overlap with the party's existing policies. We illustrate the application of the procedure by simulations of a spin glass in a random field on scale-free networks.

Black Lives Matter: Differential Mortality and the Racial Composition of the U.S. Electorate, 1970–2004

PubMed Central

Rodriguez, Javier M.; Geronimus, Arline T.; Bound, John; Dorling, Danny

2015-01-01

Excess mortality in marginalized populations could be both a cause and an effect of political processes. We estimate the impact of mortality differentials between blacks and whites from 1970 to 2004 on the racial composition of the electorate in the US general election of 2004 and in close statewide elections during the study period. We analyze 73 million US deaths from the Multiple Cause of Death files to calculate: (1) Total excess deaths among blacks between 1970 and 2004, (2) total hypothetical survivors to 2004, (3) the probability that survivors would have turned out to vote in 2004, (4) total black votes lost in 2004, and (5) total black votes lost by each presidential candidate. We estimate 2.7 million excess black deaths between 1970 and 2004. Of those, 1.9 million would have survived until 2004, of which over 1.7 million would have been of voting-age. We estimate that 1 million black votes were lost in 2004; of these, 900,000 votes were lost by the defeated Democratic presidential nominee. We find that many close state-level elections over the study period would likely have had different outcomes if voting age blacks had the mortality profiles of whites. US black voting rights are also eroded through felony disenfranchisement laws and other measures that dampen the voice of the US black electorate. Systematic disenfranchisement by population group yields an electorate that is unrepresentative of the full interests of the citizenry and affects the chance that elected officials have mandates to eliminate health inequality. PMID:25934268

Black lives matter: Differential mortality and the racial composition of the U.S. electorate, 1970-2004.

PubMed

Rodriguez, Javier M; Geronimus, Arline T; Bound, John; Dorling, Danny

2015-07-01

Excess mortality in marginalized populations could be both a cause and an effect of political processes. We estimate the impact of mortality differentials between blacks and whites from 1970 to 2004 on the racial composition of the electorate in the US general election of 2004 and in close statewide elections during the study period. We analyze 73 million US deaths from the Multiple Cause of Death files to calculate: (1) Total excess deaths among blacks between 1970 and 2004, (2) total hypothetical survivors to 2004, (3) the probability that survivors would have turned out to vote in 2004, (4) total black votes lost in 2004, and (5) total black votes lost by each presidential candidate. We estimate 2.7 million excess black deaths between 1970 and 2004. Of those, 1.9 million would have survived until 2004, of which over 1.7 million would have been of voting-age. We estimate that 1 million black votes were lost in 2004; of these, 900,000 votes were lost by the defeated Democratic presidential nominee. We find that many close state-level elections over the study period would likely have had different outcomes if voting age blacks had the mortality profiles of whites. US black voting rights are also eroded through felony disenfranchisement laws and other measures that dampen the voice of the US black electorate. Systematic disenfranchisement by population group yields an electorate that is unrepresentative of the full interests of the citizenry and affects the chance that elected officials have mandates to eliminate health inequality. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Perceived Effects of Earning a Reading Endorsement in a Single-District Sponsored Reading Cohort

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Atwood, Bonny L.

2011-01-01

This grounded theory study examined the perceived effects of a cohort of seven secondary-level teachers earning a reading endorsement in a single-district sponsored professional development program. The researcher collected data through semi-structured personal interviews with the teachers, their principal, and the director of special services for…

A Qualitative Case Study of the Bilingual Teacher Shortage in One Texas School District

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kennedy, Barbara H.

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine how stakeholders in one Texas school district perceive, experience, and respond to the Spanish bilingual teacher shortage. The research design was qualitative with an exploratory, single case study approach. The case study school district was a mid-sized suburban district in Texas that utilized a dual…

Home treatment for acute psychiatric illness.

PubMed

Dean, C; Gadd, E M

1990-11-03

To determine the factors influencing the successful outcome of community treatment for severe acute psychiatric illnesses that are traditionally treated in hospital. All patients from a single electoral ward who were either admitted to hospital or treated at home over a two year period (1 October 1987 to 30 September 1989) were included in the study and their case notes audited. The second year of the study is reported. Electoral ward of Sparkbrook, Birmingham. 99 Patients aged 16-65 with severe acute psychiatric illness. 65 Patients were managed by home treatment alone; 34 required admission to hospital. The location of treatment was significantly (all p less than 0.05) influenced by social characteristics of the patients (marital state, age (in men), ethnicity, and living alone) and by characteristics of the referral (occurring out of hours; assessment taking place at hospital or police station). DSM-III-R diagnosis was more weakly associated with outcome. Violence during the episode was significantly related to admission, although deliberate self harm was not. Home treatment is feasible for most patients with acute psychiatric illness. A 24 hour on call assessment service increases the likelihood of success because admission is determined more strongly by social characteristics of the patient and the referral than by illness factors. Admission will still be required for some patients. A locally based mental health resource centre, a 24 hour on call service, an open referral system, and an active follow up policy increase the effectiveness of a home treatment service.

Home treatment for acute psychiatric illness.

PubMed Central

Dean, C; Gadd, E M

1990-01-01

OBJECTIVE--To determine the factors influencing the successful outcome of community treatment for severe acute psychiatric illnesses that are traditionally treated in hospital. DESIGN--All patients from a single electoral ward who were either admitted to hospital or treated at home over a two year period (1 October 1987 to 30 September 1989) were included in the study and their case notes audited. The second year of the study is reported. SETTING--Electoral ward of Sparkbrook, Birmingham. SUBJECTS--99 Patients aged 16-65 with severe acute psychiatric illness. RESULTS--65 Patients were managed by home treatment alone; 34 required admission to hospital. The location of treatment was significantly (all p less than 0.05) influenced by social characteristics of the patients (marital state, age (in men), ethnicity, and living alone) and by characteristics of the referral (occurring out of hours; assessment taking place at hospital or police station). DSM-III-R diagnosis was more weakly associated with outcome. Violence during the episode was significantly related to admission, although deliberate self harm was not. CONCLUSIONS--Home treatment is feasible for most patients with acute psychiatric illness. A 24 hour on call assessment service increases the likelihood of success because admission is determined more strongly by social characteristics of the patient and the referral than by illness factors. Admission will still be required for some patients. A locally based mental health resource centre, a 24 hour on call service, an open referral system, and an active follow up policy increase the effectiveness of a home treatment service. PMID:2249049

Gender quotas for women in national politics: A comparative analysis across development thresholds.

PubMed

Rosen, Jennifer

2017-08-01

Women's share of global lower or single house parliamentary seats has increased by over 70% over the course of the 21st century. Yet these increases have not been uniform across countries. Rather countries with low levels of socioeconomic development have outpaced developed democracies in terms of the gains made in the formal political representation of women. One reasonable explanation for this trend is the adoption in many poorer countries of national gender quota legislation, that is, affirmative action laws intended to compensate for sex discrimination in the electoral process. Yet, cross-national analyses examining quotas as an explanatory factor typically use a simple binary (yes/no) variable that either conflates the diverse intra-quota variations into a single variable or includes only one part of the many quota variations. By contrast, using an originally compiled dataset that includes 167 countries from 1992 to 2012, this paper employs measures of gender quota legislation that capture the complexity and considerable diversity of existing quota legislation. These measures allow us to identify the specific factors that have helped so many less developed countries rise to the top of international rankings in recent years. The findings indicate that the effect of each type of gender quota, as well as other explanatory variables, do not operate in the same way across all countries. Specifically, voluntary political party quotas are substantially more effective in developed countries, while reserved seat quotas are only significant in least developed countries. Electoral candidate quotas, on the other hand, can be significant across all countries, however only have a positive effect when they are accompanied by placement mandates that ensure women are placed in winnable positions, sanctions for non-compliance that are significant enough to force adherence, and a minimum mandated threshold of at least 30%. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Trouble in Paradise

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dessoff, Alan

2010-01-01

Like other districts with schools that are not meeting adequate yearly progress (AYP) goals for five consecutive years, Hawaii is restructuring its low performing schools as required by the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) law. Unlike most other districts, however, Hawaii, a single statewide district, has been doing it for five years with the support…

Engagement in the electoral processes: scaling laws and the role of political positions.

PubMed

Mantovani, M C; Ribeiro, H V; Lenzi, E K; Picoli, S; Mendes, R S

2013-08-01

We report on a statistical analysis of the engagement in the electoral processes of all Brazilian cities by considering the number of party memberships and the number of candidates for mayor and councillor. By investigating the relationships between the number of party members and the population of voters, we have found that the functional forms of these relationships are well described by sublinear power laws (allometric scaling) surrounded by a multiplicative log-normal noise. We have observed that this pattern is quite similar to those we previously reported for the relationships between the number of candidates (mayor and councillor) and population of voters [Europhys. Lett. 96, 48001 (2011)], suggesting that similar universal laws may be ruling the engagement in the electoral processes. We also note that the power-law exponents display a clear hierarchy, where the more influential is the political position the smaller is the value of the exponent. We have also investigated the probability distributions of the number of candidates (mayor and councillor), party memberships, and voters. The results indicate that the most influential positions are characterized by distributions with very short tails, while less influential positions display an intermediate power-law decay before showing an exponential-like cutoff. We discuss the possibility that, in addition to the political power of the position, limitations in the number of available seats can also be connected with this changing of behavior. We further believe that our empirical findings point out to an under-representation effect, where the larger the city is, the larger are the obstacles for more individuals to become directly engaged in the electoral process.

Education in South Dakota: District & Statewide Profiles, 2000-2001.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

South Dakota State Dept. of Education and Cultural Affairs, Pierre.

This volume presents in a single volume information about South Dakota education previously presented in the Statistical Digest and the Academic Progress Report. The information is presented in the form of district profiles and statewide summaries, giving users a complete snapshot of each public school district in South Dakota. The easy-to-use…

Deprivation and mortality in non-metropolitan areas of England and Wales.

PubMed Central

Jessop, E G

1996-01-01

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the relationship between deprivation and mortality is weaker among residents of non-metropolitan areas of England and Wales than among residents of metropolitan areas. DESIGN: This study compared mortality, expressed as standardised mortality ratios (SMRs), in residents of metropolitan and non-metropolitan districts at three levels of deprivation classified by an electoral ward deprivation score and by home and car ownership. SMRs were computed for all causes of death, for bronchitis and asthma (ICD9 codes 490-493), and for accident, violence, and poisoning (ICD9 codes 800-999). SETTING: England and Wales. PARTICIPANTS: Members of the longitudinal study of the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, a quasi-random 1% sample of the population of England and Wales. MAIN RESULTS: There was an association between deprivation and mortality which was clear for all cause mortality, more noticeable for respiratory disease, and less clear for deaths from accident, violence, and poison. In general, the results showed a remarkable similarity between metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas. CONCLUSIONS: This study does not support the hypothesis that the relationship between mortality and deprivation differs between residents of metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas of England and Wales. PMID:8944858

Deprivation and mortality in non-metropolitan areas of England and Wales.

PubMed

Jessop, E G

1996-10-01

To test the hypothesis that the relationship between deprivation and mortality is weaker among residents of non-metropolitan areas of England and Wales than among residents of metropolitan areas. This study compared mortality, expressed as standardised mortality ratios (SMRs), in residents of metropolitan and non-metropolitan districts at three levels of deprivation classified by an electoral ward deprivation score and by home and car ownership. SMRs were computed for all causes of death, for bronchitis and asthma (ICD9 codes 490-493), and for accident, violence, and poisoning (ICD9 codes 800-999). England and Wales. Members of the longitudinal study of the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, a quasi-random 1% sample of the population of England and Wales. There was an association between deprivation and mortality which was clear for all cause mortality, more noticeable for respiratory disease, and less clear for deaths from accident, violence, and poison. In general, the results showed a remarkable similarity between metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas. This study does not support the hypothesis that the relationship between mortality and deprivation differs between residents of metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas of England and Wales.

Medicaid Expansion: A Tale of Two Governors.

PubMed

Flagg, Robin

2016-10-01

This is a study of why two seemingly similar governors made divergent decisions on expanding Medicaid under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). Performing a case study of Governors John Kasich (OH) and Scott Walker (WI), I explore the roles played by electoral pressures, political party, governor's ideology, the state's policy heritage, stakeholder advocacy, and the economy in each governor's decision about whether to expand Medicaid. Electoral pressure was the most significant factor for both governors. I demonstrate that even Walker succumbed to state electoral pressures and expanded Medicaid, albeit in a manner unique to Wisconsin. He did this despite his emphatic national rhetoric rejecting Obamacare and expansion. Additionally, existing state political institutions drove each governor to decide in a manner unique to his state: previous Medicaid decisions in Wisconsin and direct democracy in Ohio provided additional pressures and divergent starting points. The remaining factors served less as a driving force behind the decision and more as a frame to justify the decision ex post facto. Case studies allow for a more complex view of how political pressures fit together; differences can be explained and expanded, and an enhanced understanding of political processes can be gleaned. Copyright © 2016 by Duke University Press.

Characterizing and modeling an electoral campaign in the context of Twitter: 2011 Spanish Presidential election as a case study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borondo, J.; Morales, A. J.; Losada, J. C.; Benito, R. M.

2012-06-01

Transmitting messages in the most efficient way as possible has always been one of politicians' main concerns during electoral processes. Due to the rapidly growing number of users, online social networks have become ideal platforms for politicians to interact with their potential voters. Exploiting the available potential of these tools to maximize their influence over voters is one of politicians' actual challenges. To step in this direction, we have analyzed the user activity in the online social network Twitter, during the 2011 Spanish Presidential electoral process, and found that such activity is correlated with the election results. We introduce a new measure to study political sentiment in Twitter, which we call the relative support. We have also characterized user behavior by analyzing the structural and dynamical patterns of the complex networks emergent from the mention and retweet networks. Our results suggest that the collective attention is driven by a very small fraction of users. Furthermore, we have analyzed the interactions taking place among politicians, observing a lack of debate. Finally, we develop a network growth model to reproduce the interactions taking place among politicians.

Characterizing and modeling an electoral campaign in the context of Twitter: 2011 Spanish Presidential election as a case study.

PubMed

Borondo, J; Morales, A J; Losada, J C; Benito, R M

2012-06-01

Transmitting messages in the most efficient way as possible has always been one of politicians' main concerns during electoral processes. Due to the rapidly growing number of users, online social networks have become ideal platforms for politicians to interact with their potential voters. Exploiting the available potential of these tools to maximize their influence over voters is one of politicians' actual challenges. To step in this direction, we have analyzed the user activity in the online social network Twitter, during the 2011 Spanish Presidential electoral process, and found that such activity is correlated with the election results. We introduce a new measure to study political sentiment in Twitter, which we call the relative support. We have also characterized user behavior by analyzing the structural and dynamical patterns of the complex networks emergent from the mention and retweet networks. Our results suggest that the collective attention is driven by a very small fraction of users. Furthermore, we have analyzed the interactions taking place among politicians, observing a lack of debate. Finally, we develop a network growth model to reproduce the interactions taking place among politicians.

Charter and Direct Run Schools of the Recovery School District (RSD) and Orleans Parish School Board (OPSB) Comparison of High Stakes Tests and Dropout Rates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Andry, Beverly Guillory

2011-01-01

The city of New Orleans has embarked on an historic experiment reinventing its schools--once considered among the worst in the country--from a centralized, single district model of education to a two district model in which both the Recovery School District (RSD) and the preexisting Orleans Parish School Board (OPSB) both operate direct run and…

Journey to Transformation: A Study of the Teachers' Perceptions of Technology Professional Development in a Rural School District

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fulton, Monica M.

2017-01-01

This single-case qualitative study explored the eighth and ninth grade teachers' perceptions of their experiences from participating in the district's technology professional development program and its influence on the district's journey to pedagogical transformation. The participants responded to a questionnaire, were observed, and interviewed…

[The cardiovascular mortality in Tiumen' cohort depending on social gradient].

PubMed

Akimova, E V; Smaznov, V Iu; Kaiumova, M M; Gafarov, V V; Kuznetsov, V A

2008-01-01

The study was carried out on two representative samples from electoral roll of citizen aged from 25 to 64 years of the Central administrative okrug of the city of Tyumen. The procedures of mail survey and cardiological screening were applied. In the process of prospective monitoring of the mentioned investigated cohort during the last seven years the detection of cases of death from cardiovascular diseases on the basis of Tyumen administration registry office was analyzed. The relative risk of death from cardiovascular causes had unilateral increase in males and females paralleled by the increase of education level. The significant relationship of the relative risk of death from cardiovascular diseases with the professional involvement was established in the group of toil workers. Depending of the marital status relative risk of death from cardiovascular causes among persons of different gender had disdirectional trend. It increased among family status females as compared with single females and, on the contrary, significantly decreased among married males as compared with divorced, single and widowed males.

Crossing Party Lines: The Effects of Information on Redistributive Politics†

PubMed Central

Casey, Katherine

2017-01-01

Many lament that weak accountability and poor governance impede economic development in Africa. Politicians rely on ethnic allegiances that deliver the vote irrespective of performance, dampening electoral incentives. Giving voters information about candidate competence counters ethnic loyalty and strengthens accountability. I extend a canonical electoral model to show how information provision flows through voter behavior and ultimately impacts the distribution of political spending. I test the theory on data from Sierra Leone using decentralization and differential radio coverage to identify information’s effects. Estimates suggest that information increases voting across ethnic-party lines and induces a more equitable allocation of campaign spending. (JEL D72, D83, J15, O17, Z13) PMID:28935994

The tenure gap in electoral participation: instrumental motivation or selection bias? Comparing homeowners and tenants across four housing regimes

PubMed Central

André, Stéfanie; Dewilde, Caroline; Luijkx, Ruud

2017-01-01

Integrating housing tenure in Instrumental Motivation Theory predicts a tenure gap in electoral participation, as homeowners would be more motivated to vote compared with tenants. The empirical question is whether this effect is causal or rather due to selection into different housing tenures. This question is tackled using coarsened exact matching (CEM) on data for 19 countries, allowing us to better control for endogeneity. Even then, homeowners are found to vote more often than tenants. This association is stronger in countries characterized by a strong pro-homeownership ideology and/or where the financialization of housing markets turned houses into assets. PMID:28690339

Lane Transit District "Curb Your Car" project : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-03-01

Lane Transit District has been active in utilizing transportation demand management techniques to encourage use of alternatives to the single occupant vehicle. In 1993, a Curb Your Car project indicated that participating employees use of al...

Lane Transit District "Curb Your Car" Project : final report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-03-01

Lane Transit District has been active in utilizing transportation demand management techniques to encourage use of alternatives to the single occupant vehicle. In 1993, a Curb Your Car project indicated that participating employees' use of alternativ...

Good-to-Great Superintendents: An Examination of Jim Collins' Good-to-Great Level Five Leadership Attributes as Demonstrated by the Leadership Behaviors of Superintendents of High-Performing California Public Single-School Districts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, James D.

2010-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine Collins' good-to-great Level Five leadership attributes, as demonstrated by the leadership behaviors of superintendents of high-performing California public single-school districts. Methodology: The researcher used a case study design to conduct this study. Personal interviews were conducted in…

Gender, risk assessment, and political ambition.

PubMed

Sweet-Cushman, Jennie

2016-01-01

In the United States, women have long held the right to vote and can participate fully in the political process, and yet they are underrepresented at all levels of elected office. Worldwide, men's dominance in the realm of politics has also been the norm. To date, scholars have focused on supply-side and demand-side explanations of women's underrepresentation but differences in how men and women assess electoral risk (the risk involved in seeking political office) are not fully explained. To fill this gap, I explore how evolutionary theory offers insights into gendered differences in political ambition and the evaluation of electoral risk. Using the framework of life-history theory, I hypothesize that both cognitive and environmental factors in human evolution, particularly as they relate to sexual selection and social roles, have shaped the psychology of ambition in gendered ways affecting contemporary politics. Cognitive risk-assessment mechanisms evolving in the hominid line came to be expressed differently in females and males, in women and men. These gendered expressions plausibly reflect differentiable environmental pressures in the past and may help explain behaviors in and barriers to women's electoral political activity in the present. If so, then the success of efforts to increase such activity - or, regressively, to suppress it - may be better understood.

Final report of the National Health and Hospitals Reform Commission: will we get the health care governance reform we need?

PubMed

Stoelwinder, Johannes U

2009-10-05

The National Health and Hospitals Reform Commission (NHHRC) has recommended that Australia develop a "single health system", governed by the federal government. Steps to achieving this include: a "Healthy Australia Accord" to agree on the reform framework; the progressive takeover of funding of public hospitals by the federal government; and the possible implementation of a consumer-choice health funding model, called "Medicare Select". These proposals face significant implementation issues, and the final solution needs to deal with both financial and political sustainability. If the federal and state governments cannot agree on a reform plan, the Prime Minister may need to go to the electorate for a mandate, which may be shaped by other economic issues such as tax reform and intergenerational challenges.

Competitive cluster growth in complex networks.

PubMed

Moreira, André A; Paula, Demétrius R; Costa Filho, Raimundo N; Andrade, José S

2006-06-01

In this work we propose an idealized model for competitive cluster growth in complex networks. Each cluster can be thought of as a fraction of a community that shares some common opinion. Our results show that the cluster size distribution depends on the particular choice for the topology of the network of contacts among the agents. As an application, we show that the cluster size distributions obtained when the growth process is performed on hierarchical networks, e.g., the Apollonian network, have a scaling form similar to what has been observed for the distribution of a number of votes in an electoral process. We suggest that this similarity may be due to the fact that social networks involved in the electoral process may also possess an underlining hierarchical structure.

Recruitment, screening, and baseline participant characteristics in the WALK 2.0 study: A randomized controlled trial using web 2.0 applications to promote physical activity.

PubMed

Caperchione, Cristina M; Duncan, Mitch J; Rosenkranz, Richard R; Vandelanotte, Corneel; Van Itallie, Anetta K; Savage, Trevor N; Hooker, Cindy; Maeder, Anthony J; Mummery, W Kerry; Kolt, Gregory S

2016-04-15

To describe in detail the recruitment methods and enrollment rates, the screening methods, and the baseline characteristics of a sample of adults participating in the Walk 2.0 Study, an 18 month, 3-arm randomized controlled trial of a Web 2.0 based physical activity intervention. A two-fold recruitment plan was developed and implemented, including a direct mail-out to an extract from the Australian Electoral Commission electoral roll, and other supplementary methods including email and telephone. Physical activity screening involved two steps: a validated single-item self-report instrument and the follow-up Active Australia Questionnaire. Readiness for physical activity participation was also based on a two-step process of administering the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire and, where needed, further clearance from a medical practitioner. Across all recruitment methods, a total of 1244 participants expressed interest in participating, of which 656 were deemed eligible. Of these, 504 were later enrolled in the Walk 2.0 trial (77% enrollment rate) and randomized to the Walk 1.0 group (n = 165), the Walk 2.0 group (n = 168), or the Logbook group (n = 171). Mean age of the total sample was 50.8 years, with 65.2% female and 79.1% born in Australia. The results of this recruitment process demonstrate the successful use of multiple strategies to obtain a diverse sample of adults eligible to take part in a web-based physical activity promotion intervention. The use of dual screening processes ensured safe participation in the intervention. This approach to recruitment and physical activity screening can be used as a model for further trials in this area.

Exposure to sheep dip and the incidence of acute symptoms in a group of Welsh sheep farmers.

PubMed Central

Rees, H

1996-01-01

OBJECTIVES: To measure the exposure of a group of farmers to organophosphate pesticide in sheep dip, and to record the incidence of symptoms after exposure. DESIGN: A prospective study of the autumn 1992 dipping period. Working methods were assessed by questionnaire. Absorption of organophosphate pesticide was estimated before, immediately after, and six weeks after dipping by measuring plasma cholinesterase, erythrocyte cholinesterase, and dialkylphosphate urinary metabolites of organophosphates. Symptoms were recorded by questionnaire at the same time as biological monitoring. Possible confounding factors were identified by medical examination of the subjects. SETTING: Three community council electoral wards in Powys, typical of hill sheep farming areas in Wales. SUBJECTS: All (38) men engaged in sheep dipping living in the three community council electoral wards. RESULTS: 23 sheep farmers and one dipping contractor completed the study--a response rate of 63%. A sample of seven men who refused to enter the full study had similar working practices to the 24 subjects. Subjects reported inadequate handling precautions, and significant skin contamination with dip. Two men reported under diluting dip concentrate for use. Both had significant depression of erythrocyte cholinesterase after dipping. This indicated some absorption of organophosphate pesticide--but this did not reach levels usually associated with toxicity. It was not clear whether the symptoms of these two mens were caused by organophosphate exposure. Measurement of dialkylphosphate urinary metabolites in a single specimen of urine voided shortly after the end of dipping could not be correlated with individual exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Sheep dipping is strenuous and dirty work and sheep farmers find it difficult to wear personal protective equipment and avoid skin contamination with dip. In this limited study, farmers did not seem to have significant organophosphate toxicity, despite using inadequate handling precautions. PMID:8664964

Prevalence of DSM-IV psychiatric disorder in the French elderly population.

PubMed

Ritchie, K; Artero, S; Beluche, I; Ancelin, M-L; Mann, A; Dupuy, A-M; Malafosse, A; Boulenger, J-P

2004-02-01

France has high rates of psychotropic drug consumption and suicide in the elderly population, but it has not yet been possible to determine whether this is due to exceptionally high morbidity rates. To describe the first longitudinal population study of psychiatric disorder undertaken in France, and to estimate current and lifetime prevalences and age of onset of psychiatric disorder. A study group of 1873 non-institutionalised persons aged 65 years and over was randomly recruited from the Montpellier district electoral rolls. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to assess current and lifetime symptoms. Cases identified by the application of DSM-IV criteria were re-examined by a clinical panel. Forty-six per cent of the study population had experienced a mental disorder in their lifetime, and 3.7% had made a suicide attempt. Lifetime prevalence of major depression was 26.5% and 30% for anxiety disorders. Current prevalence rates were 14.2% for anxiety disorders, 10.7% for phobia, 3% for major depression and 1.7% for psychosis. Results show very high rates of lifetime but not current major depression. Rates of current phobia and suicidal ideation in the very elderly are also high compared with other studies. The rates reported are likely to be underestimates.

Roofing: Don't Let What's Over Head Kill Your Bottom Line.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shannon, James W., Jr.

1983-01-01

A Colorado school district employs a professional consulting firm to give an unbiased opinion on the district's roofing needs. Built-up, single-ply, and modified asphalt roofing systems have all been utilized. Preventive maintenance keeps roofing bills to a minimum. (MLF)

Follow-up methods for retrospective cohort studies in New Zealand.

PubMed

Fawcett, Jackie; Garrett, Nick; Bates, Michael N

2002-01-01

To define a general methodology for maximising the success of follow-up processes for retrospective cohort studies in New Zealand, and to illustrate an approach to developing country-specific follow-up methodologies. We recently conducted a cohort study of mortality and cancer incidence in New Zealand professional fire fighters. A number of methods were used to trace vital status, including matching with records of the New Zealand Health Information Service (NZHIS), pension records of Work and Income New Zealand (WINZ), and electronic electoral rolls. Non-electronic methods included use of paper electoral rolls and the records of the Registrar of Births Deaths and Marriages. 95% of the theoretical person-years of follow-up of the cohort were traced using these methods. In terms of numbers of cohort members traced to end of follow-up, the most useful tracing methods were fire fighter employment records, the NZHIS, WINZ, and the electronic electoral rolls. The follow-up process used for the cohort study was highly successful. On the basis of this experience, we propose a generic, but flexible, model for follow-up of retrospective cohort studies in New Zealand. Similar models could be constructed for other countries. Successful follow-up of cohort studies is possible in New Zealand using established methods. This should encourage the use of cohort studies for the investigation of epidemiological issues. Similar models for follow-up processes could be constructed for other countries.

Mix Master

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waters, John K.

2008-01-01

Data integration is one of the single most challenging tasks any district can face. Fortunately for school districts throughout the country with data scattered in disparate systems, an open specification known as the Schools Interoperability Framework (SIF) is mitigating that challenge. SIF has emerged as a cornerstone of K-12 data warehousing,…

The Impact of Race and Ethnicity, Immigration, and Political Context on Participation in American Electoral Politics

PubMed Central

Logan, John R.; Darrah, Jennifer; Oh, Sookhee

2013-01-01

This study uses national survey data in federal election years during 1996-2004 to examine voter registration and voting. It shows that racial/ethnic disparities in socio-economic resources and rootedness in the community do not explain overall group differences in electoral participation. It contradicts the expectation from an assimilation perspective that low levels of Latino participation are partly attributable to the large share of immigrants among Latinos. In fact net differences show higher average Latino participation than previously reported. The study focuses especially on contextual factors that could affect collective responses of group members. Moving beyond past research, significant effects are found for the group's representation among office holders, voting regulations, and state policies related to treatment of immigrants. PMID:24339453

The Impact of Race and Ethnicity, Immigration, and Political Context on Participation in American Electoral Politics.

PubMed

Logan, John R; Darrah, Jennifer; Oh, Sookhee

2012-01-01

This study uses national survey data in federal election years during 1996-2004 to examine voter registration and voting. It shows that racial/ethnic disparities in socio-economic resources and rootedness in the community do not explain overall group differences in electoral participation. It contradicts the expectation from an assimilation perspective that low levels of Latino participation are partly attributable to the large share of immigrants among Latinos. In fact net differences show higher average Latino participation than previously reported. The study focuses especially on contextual factors that could affect collective responses of group members. Moving beyond past research, significant effects are found for the group's representation among office holders, voting regulations, and state policies related to treatment of immigrants.

Spatial patterns in electoral wards with high lymphoma incidence in Yorkshire health region.

PubMed Central

Barnes, N.; Cartwright, R. A.; O'Brien, C.; Roberts, B.; Richards, I. D.; Bird, C. C.

1987-01-01

The possibilities of clustering between those electoral wards which display higher than expected incidences of cases of the lymphomas occurring between 1978 and 1982 are examined. Clusters are defined as being those wards with cases in excess (at a probability of less than 10%) which are geographically adjacent to each other. A separate analysis extends the definition of cluster to include high incidence wards that are adjacent or separated by one other ward. The results indicate that many high incidence lymphoma wards do occur close together and when computer simulations are used to compute expected results, many of the observed results are shown to be highly improbable both in the overall number of clustering wards and in the largest number of wards comprising a 'cluster'. PMID:3663469

Combatting Electoral Traces: The Dutch Tempest Discussion and Beyond

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pieters, Wolter

In the Dutch e-voting debate, the crucial issue leading to the abandonment of all electronic voting machines was compromising radiation, or tempest: it would be possible to eavesdrop on the choice of the voter by capturing the radiation from the machine. Other countries, however, do not seem to be bothered by this risk. In this paper, we use actor-network theory to analyse the socio-technical origins of the Dutch tempest issue in e-voting, and we introduce concepts for discussing its implications for e-voting beyond the Netherlands. We introduce the term electoral traces to denote any physical, digital or social evidence of a voter’s choices in an election. From this perspective, we provide a framework for risk classification as well as an overview of countermeasures against such traces.

Vallivue Middle School: Our Schools Are Our Community

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Principal Leadership, 2012

2012-01-01

Vallivue School District, located about 20 minutes from Boise, Idaho, can trace its origins to 13 rural schools scattered throughout Canyon County. The schools served students from kindergarten through eighth grade, and each building was independently administered by local school boards. Those boards were consolidated into a single district in…

Making the Most of Instructional Coaches

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kane, Britnie Delinger; Rosenquist, Brooks

2018-01-01

Although coaching holds great promise for professional development, instructional coaches are often asked to take on responsibilities that are not focused on improving instruction. The authors discuss a quantitative study of four school districts and a qualitative analysis of a single district that, together, reveal how hiring practices and school…

How District Leaders Use Knowledge Management to Influence Principals' Instructional Leadership

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGloughlin, Denise Marie

2016-01-01

The study of knowledge management, an integrated system of an organization's culture, conditions, and structure, as applied to educational institutions is limited. It was not known how district leaders use knowledge management to influence principals' instructional leadership performance. The purpose of this qualitative single-case study was to…

Elementary Student Perspectives on Single-Gender Classes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tichenor, Mercedes; Tichenor, John; Piechura, Kathy; Heins, Elizabeth; MacIssac, Doug

2015-01-01

Interest in single-gender education has grown significantly since the U.S. Department of Education published regulations for the practice in 2006. Although research provides mixed results on the academic effectiveness of single-gender programs, many districts around the country are providing single-gender classes as a parent choice option under…

Making Decisions About Participating in Elections

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Patrick, John J.

1976-01-01

Suggestions are offered for teaching about three kinds of decisions in electoral politics which all citizens face: deciding whether to participate, deciding how to participate, and deciding for whom to vote. (AV)

45 CFR 1226.5 - Electoral, voter registration, and other activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... campaign literature for candidates, including leaflets pamphlets, and material designed for the print or electronic media; (b) Voter Registration Activities. Any voter registration activity, such as (1) Providing...

45 CFR 1226.5 - Electoral, voter registration, and other activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... campaign literature for candidates, including leaflets pamphlets, and material designed for the print or electronic media; (b) Voter Registration Activities. Any voter registration activity, such as (1) Providing...

Assessing the gap between the acute trauma workload and the capacity of a single rural health district in South Africa. What are the implications for systems planning?

PubMed

Clarke, D L; Aldous, C; Thomson, S R

2014-06-01

This study focuses on a single rural health district in South Africa, and attempts to establish the burden of disease and to review the capacity of the district hospitals to deal with this load. Ethical approval to undertake this study was obtained from both the University of Kwa-Zulu Natal and the Department of Health. The audit was performed over a 6-month period in the four district hospitals of rural Sisonke District. There were four components to this audit. 1. Information on the hospital incidence of acute trauma in Sisonke was also sourced from the epidemiology unit of the Department of Health in Pietermaritzburg 2. Each of the district hospitals was visited and the medical manager was interviewed. The medical manager was asked to complete the World Health Organization's Tool for Situational Analysis to Assess Emergency and Essential Surgical Care. (SAT). 3. The operative registers were reviewed to determine the number of index cases for trauma. This information was used to determine the unmet need of acute trauma in the district. 4. Each hospital was classified according to the Trauma Society of South Africa (TSSA) guidelines for levels of trauma care. The annual incidence of trauma in the Sisonke District is estimated to be 1,590 per 100,000 population. Although there appeared to be adequate infrastructure in the district hospitals, the SAT revealed significant deficits in terms of capacity of staff to adequately treat and triage acute trauma patients. There is a significant unmet need for trauma care in Sisonke. The four district hospitals can best be classified as Level IV centers of trauma care. There is a significant burden of trauma in the Sisonke District, yet the capacity to deal with this burden is inadequate. Although the physical infrastructure is adequate, the deficits relate to human resources. The strategic choices are between enhancing the district hospitals' capacity to deal with acute trauma, or deciding to bypass them completely and deliver all acute trauma patients to large regional trauma centers. If the first option is chosen, urgent intervention is required to build up the human resource capacity of district hospitals.

Align Your District's Professional Learning under ESSA

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Learning Professional, 2017

2017-01-01

The single most important way to achieve equity and excellence is by ensuring a knowledgeable and skillful educator workforce. Ensuring the availability of excellent educators for all students requires a culture of learning and a system of support for every school and school district. This means that the goal is not just to improve professional…

Pink Is for Girls: Sugar and Spice and Everything Nice--A Case of Single-Sex Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Jennifer; Beese, Jane A.

2016-01-01

Leaders must know how to use evidence to inform district decisions, particularly as decisions related to learning become standard practice, and provide professional development that builds the organizational capacity needed to support continuous and sustainable district improvement. Collaboration and implementation of a shared vision and mission…

The Influence of Lean on K-12 District Management: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Beverly

2011-01-01

For decades, policymakers and educators have focused on public school equity and adequacy, while paying little attention to efficiency. This qualitative single case study was designed to capture explicit information about Lean management, operations, and culture in a K-12 Michigan school district engaged in Lean training and implementation for a…

The Cohort Model: Lessons Learned When Principals Collaborate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Umekubo, Lisa A.; Chrispeels, Janet H.; Daly, Alan J.

2015-01-01

This study explored a formal structure, the cohort model that a decentralized district put in place over a decade ago. Schools were clustered into cohorts to facilitate professional development for leadership teams for all 44 schools within the district. Drawing upon Senge's components of organizational learning, we used a single case study design…

At-Risk Youth Programs in Oregon: A Sourcebook of Program Ideas for Public Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roid, Gale H.

This sourcebook describes methods of dealing with dropouts in Oregon school districts. "At-risk youth" and "dropout" are defined and survey results of 98 percent of superintendents concerning program offerings are summarized. Data suggest that medium-size districts require greatest assistance. Despite increases in single-parent…

A Century of Copyright in the Library of Congress.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cole, John Y.

Before 1870, copyright registration and deposit were functions of several government departments. After the first Federal copyright law was passed in 1790, copyright registration was performed by the clerk in the U.S. district court for the district where the applicant resided, and single copies of copyright deposits were sent to different…

Singling Black Boys to Close the Gaps

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glassman, Phyllis; Roelle, Robert J.

2007-01-01

This article discusses the Ossining Union Free School District in suburban Westchester County, New York and its efforts to build successful school experiences for its black and African-American males. The leadership in the Ossining School District has made it a "moral imperative" to eradicate the achievement gap between the races in its…

Electrochemical Processes for In-Situ Treatment of Contaminated Soils - Final Report - 09/15/1996 - 01/31/2001

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huang, Chin-Pao

2001-05-31

This project will study electrochemical processes for the in situ treatment of soils contaminated by mixed wastes, i.e., organic and inorganic. Soil samples collected form selected DOE waste sites will be characterized for specific organic and metal contaminants and hydraulic permeability. The soil samples are then subject to desorption experiments under various physical-chemical conditions such as pH and the presence of surfactants. Batch electro-osmosis experiments will be conducted to study the transport of contaminants in the soil-water systems. Organic contaminants that are released from the soil substrate will be treated by an advanced oxidation process, i.e., electron-Fantan. Finally, laboratory reactormore » integrating the elector-osmosis and elector-Fantan processes will be used to study the treatment of contaminated soil in situ.« less

Electoral democracy, revolutionary politics and political violence: the emergence of Fascism in Italy, 1920-21.

PubMed

Elazar, D S

2000-09-01

This study examines the determination of the Italian Fascists' extra-parliamentary, para-military, violent strategy. What were the effects of the socialists' political strategy, relying on electoral democracy, on the creation and strategy of the Fascist Action Squads? A comparison among Italy's 69 provinces, based on quantitative and qualitative historical evidence reveals a distinct pattern in the Fascists' violence. They attacked mainly provinces where the Socialists enjoyed the greatest electoral support. This pattern was a product of two historical processes: (a) the threat of the Socialist party to the landlords' economic and political hegemony, and (b) the landlords' tradition of militant anti-worker organization which culminated in their alliance with the Fascists. The Fascists' struggle for, and takeover of, political power was not an immanent historical necessity. It was first and foremost an anti-socialist reaction. It was shaped both 'from below', by the political power and radicalism of the PSI and the para-military capacity of the Fascist Squads; and 'from above', by the active support the Fascists received from the landlords and the state. Supported by organized landlords and blessed with the authorities' benevolence, the Squads were able to destroy - physically and politically - the legitimately constituted provincial governments of the Socialists. The alliance with the landlords determined the Squads' almost exclusive attacks on Socialist provincial strongholds that constituted the greatest threat to the landlords' interests, while provinces dominated by the ruling Liberal party were excluded from the Squads' path of 'punitive expeditions'.

Stuck between a rock and a hard place: The relationship between Latino/a's personal connections to immigrants and issue salience and presidential approval.

PubMed

Sanchez, Gabriel R; Vargas, Edward D; Walker, Hannah L; Ybarra, Vickie D

The Obama administration has simultaneously marketed the prospect of providing undocumented immigrants a pathway to citizenship through comprehensive immigration reform and overseen mass deportations of mostly Latino immigrants. While it is clear that immigration policy was highly influential to Latino voters in 2012, it remains unclear how this political hypocrisy is being interpreted by Latino voters. As deportations have risen steadily during the Obama administration, there has been little research on how deportations and personal connections to undocumented immigrants have influenced the political attitudes of the Latino/a electorate. Using a nationally representative survey of 800 registered Latino/a voters administered in 2013, we explore the relationships between personal connections to undocumented immigrants and issue salience among Latinos as well as Latinos' views of President Obama. This study finds that registered Latino voters who know deportees and undocumented immigrants are more likely to report that they think the President and Congress should act on immigration policy versus all other policies. Moreover, Latino voters who know someone who is undocumented are less likely to have favorable views towards President Obama. This study has implications for our collective knowledge of how direct and indirect connections to policy outcomes influences the political behavior of the highly influential Latino/a electorate and how political and policy outcomes will be influenced in the future when a much higher proportion of the electorate have such connections.

Stuck between a rock and a hard place: The relationship between Latino/a’s personal connections to immigrants and issue salience and presidential approval

PubMed Central

Sanchez, Gabriel R.; Vargas, Edward D.; Walker, Hannah L.; Ybarra, Vickie D.

2015-01-01

The Obama administration has simultaneously marketed the prospect of providing undocumented immigrants a pathway to citizenship through comprehensive immigration reform and overseen mass deportations of mostly Latino immigrants. While it is clear that immigration policy was highly influential to Latino voters in 2012, it remains unclear how this political hypocrisy is being interpreted by Latino voters. As deportations have risen steadily during the Obama administration, there has been little research on how deportations and personal connections to undocumented immigrants have influenced the political attitudes of the Latino/a electorate. Using a nationally representative survey of 800 registered Latino/a voters administered in 2013, we explore the relationships between personal connections to undocumented immigrants and issue salience among Latinos as well as Latinos’ views of President Obama. This study finds that registered Latino voters who know deportees and undocumented immigrants are more likely to report that they think the President and Congress should act on immigration policy versus all other policies. Moreover, Latino voters who know someone who is undocumented are less likely to have favorable views towards President Obama. This study has implications for our collective knowledge of how direct and indirect connections to policy outcomes influences the political behavior of the highly influential Latino/a electorate and how political and policy outcomes will be influenced in the future when a much higher proportion of the electorate have such connections. PMID:26366323

Gait initiation time is associated with the risk of multiple falls-A population-based study.

PubMed

Callisaya, Michele L; Blizzard, Leigh; Martin, Kara; Srikanth, Velandai K

2016-09-01

In a population-based study of older people to examine whether 1) overall gait initiation (GI) time or its components are associated with falls and 2) GI under dual-task is a stronger predictor of falls risk than under single-task. Participants aged 60-85 years were randomly selected from the electoral roll. GI was obtained with a force platform under both single and dual-task conditions. Falls were ascertained prospectively over a 12-month period. Log multinomial regression was used to examine the association between GI time (total and its components) and risk of single and multiple falls. Age, sex and physiological and cognitive falls risk factors were considered as confounders. The mean age of the sample (n=124) was 71.0 (SD 6.8) years and 58.9% (n=73) were male. Over 12 months 21.8% (n=27) of participants reported a single fall and 16.1% (n=20) reported multiple falls. Slower overall GI time under both single (RR all per 100ms 1.28, 95%CI 1.03, 1.58) and dual-task (RR 1.14, 95%CI 1.02, 1.27) was associated with increased risk of multiple, but not single falls (p<0.05). Multiple falls were also associated with slower time to first lateral movement under single-task (RR 1.90 95%CI 0.59, 1.51) and swing time under dual-task condition (RR 1.44 95%CI 1.08, 1.94). Slower GI time is associated with the risk of multiple falls independent of other risk factors, suggesting it could be used as part of a comprehensive falls assessment. Time to the first lateral movement under single-task may be the best measures of this risk. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Legislative coalitions with incomplete information

PubMed Central

Dragu, Tiberiu; Laver, Michael

2017-01-01

In most parliamentary democracies, proportional representation electoral rules mean that no single party controls a majority of seats in the legislature. This in turn means that the formation of majority legislative coalitions in such settings is of critical political importance. Conventional approaches to modeling the formation of such legislative coalitions typically make the “common knowledge” assumption that the preferences of all politicians are public information. In this paper, we develop a theoretical framework to investigate which legislative coalitions form when politicians’ policy preferences are private information, not known with certainty by the other politicians with whom they are negotiating over what policies to implement. The model we develop has distinctive implications. It suggests that legislative coalitions should typically be either of the center left or the center right. In other words our model, distinctively, predicts only center-left or center-right policy coalitions, not coalitions comprising the median party plus parties both to its left and to its right. PMID:28242675

Legislative coalitions with incomplete information.

PubMed

Dragu, Tiberiu; Laver, Michael

2017-03-14

In most parliamentary democracies, proportional representation electoral rules mean that no single party controls a majority of seats in the legislature. This in turn means that the formation of majority legislative coalitions in such settings is of critical political importance. Conventional approaches to modeling the formation of such legislative coalitions typically make the "common knowledge" assumption that the preferences of all politicians are public information. In this paper, we develop a theoretical framework to investigate which legislative coalitions form when politicians' policy preferences are private information, not known with certainty by the other politicians with whom they are negotiating over what policies to implement. The model we develop has distinctive implications. It suggests that legislative coalitions should typically be either of the center left or the center right. In other words our model, distinctively, predicts only center-left or center-right policy coalitions, not coalitions comprising the median party plus parties both to its left and to its right.

[The meningococcal infection on Navy: modern clinical-and-epidemiological aspects].

PubMed

Makhnev, M V; Makhneva, I Iu

2004-10-01

The article presents the own data about modern clinical-and-epidemiological peculiarities of a meningococcal infection on Navy for 20 consecutive years (1982-2002) based on the analysis of the annual reports of fleet medical services and the inspection of 275 centers of a meningococcal infection in military troops. The centers with the single generalized form of a meningococcal infection prevailed. The centers with the number of people from 10 to 40 men amounted to 82%. The frequency of the meningococcal defeat of the people in the centers varied from 25% to 37% with the main role of meningococcae A. In the structure of a meningococcal infection the generalized forms amounted to 16%, located forms--25%, carriers--59%. In all regions the major form of the display of epidemic process in military collectives was seasonal sick rate. The article proved the electoral approach to the character and volume of curative-and-preventive measures.

A Social Diffusion Model with an Application on Election Simulation

PubMed Central

Wang, Fu-Min; Hung, San-Chuan; Kung, Perng-Hwa; Lin, Shou-De

2014-01-01

Issues about opinion diffusion have been studied for decades. It has so far no empirical approach to model the interflow and formation of crowd's opinion in elections due to two reasons. First, unlike the spread of information or flu, individuals have their intrinsic attitudes to election candidates in advance. Second, opinions are generally simply assumed as single values in most diffusion models. However, in this case, an opinion should represent preference toward multiple candidates. Previously done models thus may not intuitively interpret such scenario. This work is to design a diffusion model which is capable of managing the aforementioned scenario. To demonstrate the usefulness of our model, we simulate the diffusion on the network built based on a publicly available bibliography dataset. We compare the proposed model with other well-known models such as independent cascade. It turns out that our model consistently outperforms other models. We additionally investigate electoral issues with our model simulator. PMID:24995351

The Advantages of Single-Sex Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hughes, Teresa A.

2006-01-01

Traditionally, single-sex education has been provided in the form of private schooling. Title IX regulations have loosened as a result of the No Child Left Behind Legislation; therefore, public school districts now have the legal right to create single-sex classes or single-sex schools if they deem it to be in the best interest of their students.…

Mitigating "Milliken"? School District Boundary Lines and Desegregation Policy in Four Southern Metropolitan Areas, 1990-2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Siegel-Hawley, Genevieve

2014-01-01

Over the past half century, law and policy have helped cement tremendous inequities into the structure of our cities. District boundary lines separating multiple, unequal school systems within a single metropolitan (metro) area play a central role in structuring racial and economic isolation. Using data from the National Center for Education…

School Choice in Suburbia: Test Scores, Race, and Housing Markets

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dougherty, Jack; Harelson, Jeffrey; Maloney, Laura; Murphy, Drew; Smith, Russell; Snow, Michael; Zannoni, Diane

2009-01-01

Home buyers exercise school choice when shopping for a private residence due to its location in a public school district or attendance area. In this quantitative study of one Connecticut suburban district, we measure the effect of elementary school test scores and racial composition on home buyers' willingness to purchase single-family homes over…

A School District Financial Condition Assessment System and Its Application to Pennsylvania School Districts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bruck, W. Earl; Miltenberger, Lauren

2013-01-01

The funding of public education in America has been a primary concern for government officials at the federal, state, and local levels for several generations. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, this expenditure accounts for the single largest allocation in most state and local government operating budgets (Stanley and…

75 FR 15772 - Additional Designations, Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-30

.... OEGI740531 (Mexico); Electoral Registry No. ORGLIS740531121H100 (Mexico); (INDIVIDUAL) [SDNTK] 29. VERA CALVA, Carlos, Calle E. Zapata No. 2, Col. Plan de Ayala, Tihuatlan, Veracruz, Mexico; DOB 10 Jul 1970; POB Poza...

75 FR 24737 - Extension of the Designation of Nicaragua for Temporary Protected Status and Automatic Extension...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-05

... global economic crisis. Economic development has also been hindered and disrupted by electoral fraud and... damaged water supplies, leaving whole communities lacking potable water. According to the United Nations...

Black Perceptions of the Mayor: An Empirical Test.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foster, Lorn S.

1978-01-01

During the past ten years Blacks have increased their participation in the urban political process. In a few urban areas, such as Newark and Detroit, Blacks constitute an electoral majority and have elected Black mayors. (Author/RLV)

28 CFR 51.60 - Changes in electoral systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... OF SECTION 5 OF THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965, AS AMENDED Determinations by the Attorney General § 51... (among others): (a) The extent to which minority voting strength is reduced by the proposed change. (b...

28 CFR 51.60 - Changes in electoral systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... OF SECTION 5 OF THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965, AS AMENDED Determinations by the Attorney General § 51... (among others): (a) The extent to which minority voting strength is reduced by the proposed change. (b...

Stubborn Mars is in search of a domicile. Johannes Kepler to Christian II. elector of Saxony - a rediscovery. (German Title: Der halsstarrige Mars sucht sich eine Wohnung. Johannes Kepler an Kurfürst Christian II. von Sachsen - Eine Wiederentdeckung)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kothmann, Hella

2011-08-01

The rediscovery of a missing autograph of Johannes Kepler - a dedication letter presenting his "New Astronomy" to the elector of Saxony - was possible through a series of fortunate coincidences. Kepler's most important work "Astronomia Nova", in which he proclaimed the first two planetary laws, has been published at the end of 1609. According to the Latin dedication to emperor Rudolf II., Kepler compares the long period of calculations and observations as a crusade against the planet Mars. Finally he succeeds in defeating him, now he supports his opponent to find a new home. The letter is an extraordinary document of Kepler's ingenious and humorous language, it also proofs the relationship to Dresden and the Saxon court.

The politics of health care reforms in U.S. presidential elections.

PubMed

Navarro, Vicente

2008-01-01

This article analyzes why people in the United States have major problems in accessing medical care that are due to financial constraints. The author suggests that the cause of these problems is the way in which medical care and elections are funded in the United States, with private sources being the largest component in the funding of both activities. The article includes a comparison of funding of the electoral process in the United States with similar electoral processes in the countries of the European Union, and postulates that privatization of the funding of U.S. elections (primary and general) is responsible for privatization of the funding of medical care-the root of people's problem in paying for their medical care. Privatization of election funding gives undue power to the economic, financial, and professional groups that dominate medicine in the United States.

A first-digit anomaly in the 2009 Iranian presidential election

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roukema, Boudewijn F.

2014-01-01

A local bootstrap method is proposed for the analysis of electoral vote-count first-digit frequencies, complementing the Benford's Law limit. The method is calibrated on five presidential-election first rounds (2002-2006) and applied to the 2009 Iranian presidential-election first round. Candidate K has a highly significant (p < 0.15%) excess of vote counts starting with the digit 7. This leads to other anomalies, two of which are individually significant at p˜ 0.1%, and one at p sim 1%. Independently, Iranian pre-election opinion polls significantly reject the official results unless the five polls favouring candidate A are considered alone. If the latter represent normalised data and a linear, least-squares, equal-weighted fit is used, then either candidates R and K suffered a sudden, dramatic (70%pm 15%) loss of electoral support just prior to the election, or the official results are rejected (p ˜ 0.01%).

Addressing the ethical, legal, and social issues raised by voting by persons with dementia.

PubMed

Karlawish, Jason H; Bonnie, Richard J; Appelbaum, Paul S; Lyketsos, Constantine; James, Bryan; Knopman, David; Patusky, Christopher; Kane, Rosalie A; Karlan, Pamela S

2004-09-15

This article addresses an emerging policy problem in the United States participation in the electoral process by citizens with dementia. At present, health care professionals, family caregivers, and long-term care staff lack adequate guidance to decide whether individuals with dementia should be precluded from or assisted in casting a ballot. Voting by persons with dementia raises a series of important questions about the autonomy of individuals with dementia, the integrity of the electoral process, and the prevention of fraud. Three subsidiary issues warrant special attention: development of a method to assess capacity to vote; identification of appropriate kinds of assistance to enable persons with cognitive impairment to vote; and formulation of uniform and workable policies for voting in long-term care settings. In some instances, extrapolation from existing policies and research permits reasonable recommendations to guide policy and practice. However, in other instances, additional research is necessary.

An analysis of population and social change in London wards in the 1980s.

PubMed

Congdon, P

1989-01-01

"This paper discusses the estimation and projection of small area populations in London, [England] and considers trends in intercensal social and demographic indices which can be calculated using these estimates. Information available annually on vital statistics and electorates is combined with detailed data from the Census Small Area Statistics to derive demographic component based population estimates for London's electoral wards over five year periods. The availability of age disaggregated population estimates permits derivation of small area social indicators for intercensal years, for example, of unemployment and mortality. Trends in spatial inequality of such indicators during the 1980s are analysed and point to continuing wide differentials. A typology of population and social indicators gives an indication of the small area distribution of the recent population turnaround in inner London, and of its association with other social processes such as gentrification and ethnic concentration." excerpt

Mental health, places and people: a multilevel analysis of economic inactivity and social deprivation.

PubMed

Fone, David L; Dunstan, Frank

2006-09-01

Using data on 24,975 respondents to the Welsh Health Survey 1998 aged 17-74 years, we investigated associations between individual mental health status measured using the SF-36 instrument, social class, economic inactivity and the electoral division Townsend deprivation score. In a multilevel modelling analysis, we found mental health was significantly associated with the Townsend score after adjusting for composition, and this effect was strongest in respondents who were economically inactive. Further contextual effects were shown by significant random variability in the slopes of the relation between mental health and economic inactivity at the electoral division level. Our results suggest that the places in which people live affect their mental health, supporting NHS policy that multi-agency planning to reduce inequalities in mental health status should address the wider determinants of health, as well as services for individual patients.

Missing the Party: Political Categorization and Reasoning in the Absence of Party Label Cues.

PubMed

Heit, Evan; Nicholson, Stephen P

2016-07-01

This research addressed theoretical approaches in political science arguing that the American electorate is either poorly informed or dependent on party label cues, by assessing performance on political judgment tasks when party label information is missing. The research materials were created from the results of a national opinion survey held during a national election. The experiments themselves were run on nationally representative samples of adults, identified from another national electoral survey. Participants saw profiles of simulated individuals, including information about demographics and issue positions, but omitting party labels. In Experiment 1, participants successfully judged the likelihood of party membership based on the profiles. In Experiment 2, participants successfully voted based on their party interests. The results were mediated by participants' political knowledge. Conclusions are drawn with respect to theories from political science and issues in cognitive science regarding categorization and reasoning. Copyright © 2016 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.

BallotMaps: detecting name bias in alphabetically ordered ballot papers.

PubMed

Wood, Jo; Badawood, Donia; Dykes, Jason; Slingsby, Aidan

2011-12-01

The relationship between candidates' position on a ballot paper and vote rank is explored in the case of 5000 candidates for the UK 2010 local government elections in the Greater London area. This design study uses hierarchical spatially arranged graphics to represent two locations that affect candidates at very different scales: the geographical areas for which they seek election and the spatial location of their names on the ballot paper. This approach allows the effect of position bias to be assessed; that is, the degree to which the position of a candidate's name on the ballot paper influences the number of votes received by the candidate, and whether this varies geographically. Results show that position bias was significant enough to influence rank order of candidates, and in the case of many marginal electoral wards, to influence who was elected to government. Position bias was observed most strongly for Liberal Democrat candidates but present for all major political parties. Visual analysis of classification of candidate names by ethnicity suggests that this too had an effect on votes received by candidates, in some cases overcoming alphabetic name bias. The results found contradict some earlier research suggesting that alphabetic name bias was not sufficiently significant to affect electoral outcome and add new evidence for the geographic and ethnicity influences on voting behaviour. The visual approach proposed here can be applied to a wider range of electoral data and the patterns identified and hypotheses derived from them could have significant implications for the design of ballot papers and the conduct of fair elections. © 2010 IEEE

Effectiveness and cost of recruitment strategies for a community-based randomised controlled trial among rainwater drinkers.

PubMed

Rodrigo, Shelly; Sinclair, Martha; Cunliffe, David; Leder, Karin

2009-07-16

Community-based recruitment is challenging particularly if the sampling frame is not easily defined as in the case of people who drink rainwater. Strategies for contacting participants must be carefully considered to maximise generalisability and minimise bias of the results. This paper assesses the recruitment strategies for a 1-year double-blinded randomised trial on drinking untreated rainwater. The effectiveness of the recruitment strategies and associated costs are described. Community recruitment of households from Adelaide, Australia occurred from February to July 2007 using four methods: electoral roll mail-out, approaches to schools and community groups, newspaper advertising, and other media involvement. Word of mouth communication was also assessed. A total of 810 callers were screened, with 53.5% eligible. Of those who were eligible and sent further information, 76.7% were willing to participate in the study and 75.1% were enrolled. The target for recruitment was 300 households, and this was achieved. The mail-out was the most effective method with respect to number of households randomised, while recruitment via schools had the highest yield (57.3%) and was the most cost effective when considering cost per household randomised (AUD$147.20). Yield and cost effectiveness were lowest for media advertising. The use of electoral roll mail-out and advertising via schools were effective in reaching households using untreated rainwater for drinking. Employing multiple strategies enabled success in achieving the recruitment target. In countries where electoral roll extracts are available to researchers, this method is likely to have a high yield for recruitment into community-based epidemiological studies.

Immigration politics Italian style: the paradoxical behaviour of mainstream and populist parties.

PubMed

Perlmutter, T

1996-01-01

This article explores the role of electoral politics in managing immigration as a policy option in Italy. Italy was late in passing its first comprehensive immigration legislation (1990). A small, liberal party waged a campaign against the proposed immigration law. A party known for right-wing posturing did not mobilize against the law. These political postures were not anticipated by conventional wisdom. Conventional wisdom suggests that immigration should not be an electoral issue and that consensus solutions should be sought. It is argued that the Italian response supports the view that in a fragmented, multi-party system, minor parties will be more likely to mobilize. Two mass media studies were used as the basis for this article's analysis. The studies provide detailed evidence on party willingness to publicly discuss immigration and the ways the issues are framed. The Italian case illustrates the tendency for mainstream, pro-system parties to politicize the issue and extremist, anti-system parties to depoliticize it. The DC and PCI, as mass parties, behaved traditionally and supported moderately open immigration policies, but in closed forums. The minor parties had a stake in shifting electoral support, so the PSI took an outspoken stand and the PARI publicized its exclusion from the policy-making process and its support for more restrictive policies. It was the constituencies and the leadership structure that facilitated these strategies. The author differs from Betz's party analysis by arguing that party ideology may not be a useful guide for predicting stands on immigration, and that it is difficult to generalize about immigration.

Using local authority data for action on health inequalities: the Caerphilly Health and Social Needs Study.

PubMed Central

Fone, David; Jones, Andrew; Watkins, John; Lester, Nathan; Cole, Jane; Thomas, Gary; Webber, Margaret; Coyle, Edward

2002-01-01

BACKGROUND: Primary care organisations in the United Kingdom have been given new and challenging population health responsibilities to improve health and address health inequality in local communities through partnership working with local authorities. This requires robust health and social needs assessment data for effective local planning. AIM: To assess the use and value of local authority data shared through partnership working between Caerphilly Local Health Group and Caerphilly County Borough Council. DESIGN OF STUDY: Cross-sectional analysis of aggregate electoral division data. SETTING: Caephilly County Borough, south-east Wales. METHOD: Local authority datasets identified were categorised into one of six domains: income, unemployment, housing, health, education, and social services. Data were presented at electoral division level as rates in thematic maps and correlations between the variables within and between each domain were explored using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, with particular focus on children in families. Local planning documents were scrutinised to ascertain the use and value of the data. RESULTS: A broad range of data described a comprehensive picture of health and social inequalities within the borough. Multiple deprivation tended to cluster in electoral divisions, particularly for data relating to children, painting an overwhelming picture of inequality in life chances. The data were used in a wide range of local partnership planning initiatives, including the Health Improvement Programme, Children's Services Plan, and a successful Healthy Living Centre bid. CONCLUSION: Local authority data can help primary care organisations in a population approach to needs assessment for use in local partnership planning targeted at reducing health inequalities. PMID:12392118

An Analytic Conception of Equation and Teachers' Views of School Algebra

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chazan, Daniel; Yerushalmy, Michal; Leikin, Roza

2008-01-01

This interview study takes place in the context of a single small district in the United States. In the algebra curriculum of this district, there was a shift in the conception of equation, from a statement about unknown numbers to a question about the comparison of two functions over the domain of the real numbers. Using two of Shulman's…

The Development of a Subdivision Within the Parkway School District. Environmental Ecological Education Project. Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parkway School District, Chesterfield, MO.

This unit, designed for use with junior high school students, focuses on the factors involved in subdivision design and planning. Although it is specifically constructed for use in the Parkway School District, Chesterfield, Missouri, it could be adapted for use in any suburban area where subdivisions (multiple and/or single family units) exist. It…

An Examination of Physical Education Data Sources and Collection Procedures during a Federally Funded Grant

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dauenhauer, Brian D.; Keating, Xiaofen D.; Lambdin, Dolly

2018-01-01

Purpose: This study aimed to conduct an in-depth investigation into physical education data sources and collection procedures in a district that was awarded a Physical Education Program (PEP) grant. Method: A qualitative, multi-site case study was conducted in which a single school district was the overarching case and eight schools served as…

The Implementation and Assessment of a Shared 21st Century Learning Vision: A District-Based Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gunn, Thelma M.; Hollingsworth, Maurice

2013-01-01

Traditional educational patterns are giving way to more innovative modes and methods of learning, primarily due to radical technological changes that have increased the availability of information and improved communication. In an attempt to address this shift toward 21st century skills and learning, a single school district began a large-scale,…

Revenue Generation and Resource Allocation and Deployment Practices in Smaller Learning Communities: Lessons Learned from Three High Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Springer, Matthew G.; Houck, Eric A.; Ceperley, Patricia E.; Hange, Jane

2007-01-01

The primary objective of this study was to examine revenue generation and resource allocation and deployment practices associated with the implementation of three smaller learning communities (SLC) project high schools in a single school district. The study used a variation of Levin and McEwan's (2001) ingredients approach. District- and…

Is Single Gender Schooling Viable in the Public Sector? Lessons from Californias Pilot Program. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Datnow, Amanda; Hubbard, Lea; Woody, Elisabeth

In 1997, California became the first state to conduct large-scale experimentation with single gender public education. This longitudinal study examined the impact of single gender academies in six California districts, focusing on equity implications. Data from observations and interviews with educators, policymakers, and students indicated that…

Election 2000: Voting Issues and Recommendations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davison, Donald L.

2001-01-01

Focuses on the many issues that the close 2000 presidential election brought to the forefront, such as: problems with the punch card systems, the need for convenient registration, the topic of provisional ballots, and the relevance of the Electoral College. (CMK)

76 FR 7469 - Guidance Concerning Redistricting Under Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act; Notice

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-09

... franchise.'' Beer v. United States, 425 U.S. 125, 141 (1976). If the proposed redistricting plan is... electoral franchise'' when compared to the benchmark plan. Beer v. United States at 141. In 2006, Congress...

A Small Exercise in Democracy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lazorishak, Ted

1976-01-01

What can social studies teachers do to try to put some of their teaching into more realistic avenues? A high school teacher undertook a project at the primary and general elections in order to create some student interest in the electoral process. (Author/RK)

More than Just Service

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barton, Rhonda; Reed, Bracken

2010-01-01

The historic 2008 presidential election provided unprecedented opportunities to engage young people in civic education--including heated classroom debates on contentious issues, social studies lessons on the electoral process, and opportunities to volunteer for national and local campaigns. Civic engagement can take many forms, including…

WWC Review of the Report “Better Schools, Less Crime?” What Works Clearinghouse Single Study Review

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

What Works Clearinghouse, 2013

2013-01-01

The study reviewed in this paper examined the effect of school choice on the criminal activity, academic achievement, and high school graduation rate of more than 2,000 male middle and high school students in North Carolina’s Charlotte-Mecklenburg school district. For the 2002-03 school year, all district students were given the choice to either…

My Daddy Might Have Loved Me: Student Perceptions of Differences between Being Male and Being Female.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baumgartner-Papageorgiou, Alice

Results of a survey of 3rd through 12th grade students illustrate that the majority perceive traditional sex roles as their only choice. The sample consisted of approximately 2,000 students in both large metropolitan districts and smaller rural districts throughout Colorado. Participants were asked to respond to a single question: If you woke up…

Early Implementation of Public Single-Sex Schools: Perceptions and Characteristics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Riordan, Cornelius; Faddis, Bonnie J.; Beam, Margaret; Seager, Andrew; Tanney, Adam; DiBiase, Rebecca; Ruffin, Monya; Valentine, Jeffrey

2008-01-01

Although for most of the nation's history, coeducation has been the norm in public elementary and secondary school, recent years have marked an increasing interest in public single-sex education. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) authorized school districts to use local or innovative program funds to offer single-sex schools and…

Caseload management methods for use within district nursing teams: a literature review.

PubMed

Roberson, Carole

2016-05-01

Effective and efficient caseload management requires extensive skills to ensure that patients receive the right care by the right person at the right time. District nursing caseloads are continually increasing in size and complexity, which requires specialist district nursing knowledge and skills. This article reviews the literature related to caseload management with the aim of identifying the most effective method for district nursing teams. The findings from this review are that there are different styles and methods of caseload management. The literature review was unable to identify a single validated tool or method, but identified themes for implementing effective caseload management, specifically caseload analysis; workload measurement; work allocation; service and practice development and workforce planning. This review also identified some areas for further research.

Two Roads to School Finance Reform

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berke, Joel S.; And Others

1976-01-01

Research on legislative and electoral consideration of school finance reforms identifies three important elements; the art of compromise, the fiscal context, and political leadership. Adoption of new school finance formulas is far more likely through the legislative process than through a referendum. (Author/AM)

Voting Is Essential.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blasing, Rick

1996-01-01

Presents a lesson plan designed to increase students' participation in the electoral process and help them to create their own political opinions. Students examine political advertisements, candidate debates, and political cartoons. Includes tips on "How to get the most out of a debate" and suggested further activities. (MJP)

Social capital and self-rated health in Colombia: the good, the bad and the ugly.

PubMed

Hurtado, David; Kawachi, Ichiro; Sudarsky, John

2011-02-01

Although there is increasing evidence supporting the associations between social capital and health, less is known of potential effects in Latin American countries. Our objective was to examine associations of different components of social capital with self-rated health in Colombia. The study had a cross-sectional design, using data of a survey applied to a nationally representative sample of 3025 respondents, conducted in 2004-2005. Stratified random sampling was performed, based on town size, urban/rural origin, age, and sex. Examined indicators of social capital were interpersonal trust, reciprocity, associational membership, non-electoral political participation, civic activities and volunteering. Principal components analysis including different indicators of social capital distinguished three components: structural-formal (associational membership and non-electoral political participation), structural-informal (civic activities and volunteering) and cognitive (interpersonal trust and reciprocity). Multilevel analyses showed no significant variations of self-rated health at the regional level. After adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, interpersonal trust was statistically significantly associated with lower odds of poor/fair health, as well as the cognitive social capital component. Members of farmers/agricultural or gender-related groups had higher odds of poor/fair health, respectively. Excluding these groups, however, associational membership was associated with lower odds of poor/fair health. Likewise, in Colombians with educational attainment higher than high school, reciprocity was associated with lower odds of fair/poor health. Nevertheless, among rural respondents non-electoral political participation was associated with worse health. In conclusion, cognitive social capital and associational membership were related to better health, and could represent important notions for health promotion. Human rights violations related to political violence and gender based discrimination may explain adverse associations with health. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effectiveness and cost of recruitment strategies for a community-based randomised controlled trial among rainwater drinkers

PubMed Central

2009-01-01

Background Community-based recruitment is challenging particularly if the sampling frame is not easily defined as in the case of people who drink rainwater. Strategies for contacting participants must be carefully considered to maximise generalisability and minimise bias of the results. This paper assesses the recruitment strategies for a 1-year double-blinded randomised trial on drinking untreated rainwater. The effectiveness of the recruitment strategies and associated costs are described. Methods Community recruitment of households from Adelaide, Australia occurred from February to July 2007 using four methods: electoral roll mail-out, approaches to schools and community groups, newspaper advertising, and other media involvement. Word of mouth communication was also assessed. Results A total of 810 callers were screened, with 53.5% eligible. Of those who were eligible and sent further information, 76.7% were willing to participate in the study and 75.1% were enrolled. The target for recruitment was 300 households, and this was achieved. The mail-out was the most effective method with respect to number of households randomised, while recruitment via schools had the highest yield (57.3%) and was the most cost effective when considering cost per household randomised (AUD$147.20). Yield and cost effectiveness were lowest for media advertising. Conclusion The use of electoral roll mail-out and advertising via schools were effective in reaching households using untreated rainwater for drinking. Employing multiple strategies enabled success in achieving the recruitment target. In countries where electoral roll extracts are available to researchers, this method is likely to have a high yield for recruitment into community-based epidemiological studies. PMID:19604408

Public School Center vs. Family Home Day Care: Single Parents' Reasons for Selection.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rothschild, Maria Stupp

This study investigates the reasons single parents in San Diego had for choosing either a public day care center or a licensed day care home for their children. A sample of 30 single parents with children in school district administered children's centers was drawn and matched by a similarly geographically distributed sample of 23 parents with…

The Effects of Single-Sex Compared with Coeducational Schooling on Mathematics and Science Achievement: Data from Korea

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pahlke, Erin; Hyde, Janet Shibley; Mertz, Janet E.

2013-01-01

Some U.S. school districts are experimenting with single-sex schooling, hoping that it will yield better academic outcomes for students. Empirical research on the effects of single-sex schooling, however, has been equivocal, with various studies finding benefits, disadvantages, or no effect. Most of this research is marred because families…

Patient preferences for single rooms or shared accommodation in a district general hospital.

PubMed

Florey, L; Flynn, R; Isles, C

2009-05-01

To determine whether patients who have used a Scottish district general hospital would prefer single or shared accommodation on a future admission. We surveyed 80 in-patients in January 2008 in order to obtain 20 medical and 20 surgical patients in single rooms and the same number in shared accommodation. Each patient received a seven point questionnaire that had been validated in another centre. Forty four men and 36 women, median 64 years, who had been in hospital for a median of 4.5 days (range 1 to 53 days) participated in the survey. Seventy per cent of patients in shared and 40% of patients in single rooms said they would prefer shared accommodation during a future hospital admission. Those expressing a preference for shared accommodation were older (median age 68 versus 58 years) and had been in hospital for longer (median 5.5 versus 3.5 days) than those who said they would prefer a single room. It is likely that the desire for company among older people who have to spend a week or more in hospital is driving the responses we obtained. Our findings do not support claims that the argument in favour of 100% single rooms is 'overwhelming'.

Tourette's syndrome in a special education population: a pilot study involving a single school district.

PubMed

Kurlan, R; Whitmore, D; Irvine, C; McDermott, M P; Como, P G

1994-04-01

To determine whether children requiring special education represent a high-risk group for identifying Tourette's syndrome (TS), we performed direct examinations for the presence of tics in 35 special education and 35 regular classroom students from a single school district. Of the special education students, nine (26%) had definite or probable tics as compared with only two (6%) of the regular classroom students. About one-third of the students with tics currently meet diagnostic criteria for TS and probably more will do so in the future. About one-half of the subjects with tics have evidence of obsessive-compulsive behavior (OCB) or an attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). For three randomly selected students with definite tics, direct examinations of first-degree relatives revealed the presence of tics in all families. Subjects to the limitations of this pilot study, we conclude that TS and related tic disorders are commonly associated with the need for special education in this single school district. TS might also be an important contributor to school problems in the childhood population at large and may be a highly prevalent condition. In addition, we conclude that childhood tics are associated with OCB and ADHD, are genetically determined, and are part of the TS clinical spectrum.

A Statistical Analysis of Venezuelan Defense Spending.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-03-01

destined for the world market via exports [Ref. 13]. Venezuelan petroleum had accounted for more than half the world’s exports in the immediate post ...Organizacion Politica Electoral Independiente (COPEI) party was elected president. His March 1969 inauguration marked the country’s first peaceful

A Seer of Trump's Coming Parses Repeal and Replace.

PubMed

Kirkner, Richard Mark

2017-03-01

Diana Furchtgott-Roth, a senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute, a freemarket think tank, confidently predicted back in October what few people saw coming-Donald Trump's electoral victory. Now she gives her take on the dismantling of the ACA and what might come after.

45 CFR 1226.13 - Obligations of sponsors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Obligations of sponsors. 1226.13 Section 1226.13 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE PROHIBITIONS ON ELECTORAL AND LOBBYING ACTIVITIES Sponsor Employee Activities § 1226.13...

45 CFR 1226.12 - Sponsor employees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Sponsor employees. 1226.12 Section 1226.12 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE PROHIBITIONS ON ELECTORAL AND LOBBYING ACTIVITIES Sponsor Employee Activities § 1226.12 Sponsor employees...

America's Uninformed Electorate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vandermyn, Gaye

1974-01-01

Highlights a recently reported national survey of what young Americans (ages 9-35) know and understand about their constitutional rights, the political process, the role of government and basic democratic principles. Findings indicate that many Americans are unfamiliar with the political functionings of the country or their rights guaranteed under…

Georgia's Unusual "Electoral College"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foster, Andrea L.

2007-01-01

This article reports a unique partnership between Kennesaw State University and the Georgia state government involving the participation of computer experts in the deployment or electronic voting machines. The effort has received attention in Washington as scientists and government officials search for ways to reform election procedures across the…

Personality and Attitude Determinants of Voting Behavior

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brigham, John C.; Severy, Lawrence J.

1976-01-01

Measures of racial attitude, conceptual style, commitment to candidate and electoral process, social-political evaluation, and voting intentions, were administered to white college students (N=320) before the 1972 Presidential election. Prediction of behavioral intentions becomes more powerful as attitudinal measures are made more directly…

Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-09-04

Legislative Assembly elected Pedro Miguel Gonzalez of the ruling Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD) as head of the legislature. The State...elections for candidate Carlos Duque , who the Noriega regime had tried to impose on the electorate through fraud.) Instead, Pérez Balladares focused

Social Studies: The Electoral Process.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schrager, Donald M.

This quinmester course of study for grades seven through nine provides a framework for analyzing election processes in a democracy by investigating democratic societies of the past, and contrasting democracies with totalitarian types of government. Major emphasis is upon analyzing the system of institutionalized political parties, the…

The influence of political candidates' facial appearance on older and younger adults' voting choices and actual electoral success

PubMed Central

Franklin, Robert G.; Zebrowitz, Leslie A.

2017-01-01

Younger adults (YA) judgments of political candidates' competence from facial appearance accurately predict electoral success. Whether this is true for older adults (OA) has not been investigated despite the fact that OA are more likely to vote than YA and may respond differently to particular facial qualities. We examined whether OA and YA ratings of competence, trustworthiness, attractiveness, and babyfaceness of opposing candidates in US Senate elections independently predicted their own vote choices and actual election outcomes. OA and YA ratings of attractiveness, competence, and trustworthiness positively predicted their choices, but the effect of competence was weaker for OA. Babyfaceness negatively predicted OA, but not YA, choices. OA and YA competence ratings equally predicted the actual election winners, while OA, but not YA, attractiveness ratings did so. Trustworthy and babyface ratings did not predict actual winners. These findings have implications for understanding age differences in candidate preferences and the prediction of election outcomes. PMID:29188221

Not all built the same? A comparative study of electoral systems and population health.

PubMed

Patterson, Andrew C

2017-09-01

Much literature depicts a worldwide democratic advantage in population health. However, less research compares health outcomes in the different kinds of democracy or autocracy. In an examination of 179 countries as they existed between 1975 and 2012, advantages in life expectancy and infant health appear most reliably for democracies that include the principle of proportional representation in their electoral rules. Compared to closed autocracies, they had up to 12 or more years of life expectancy on average, 75% less infant mortality, and double the savings in overall mortality for most other age groups. Majoritarian democracies, in contrast, did not experience longitudinal improvements in health relative to closed autocracies. Instead their population health appeared to be on par with or even superseded by competitive autocracies in most models. Findings suggest that the principle of proportional representation may be good for health at the national level. Implications and limitations are discussed. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Single dose of SA 14-14-2 vaccine provides long-term protection against Japanese encephalitis: a case-control study in Nepalese children 5 years after immunization. drjbtandan@yahoo.com.

PubMed

Tandan, J B; Ohrr, Heechoul; Sohn, Young Mo; Yoksan, Sutee; Ji, Min; Nam, Chung Mo; Halstead, Scott B

2007-06-28

In July 1999, a single dose of live-attenuated SA 14-14-2 Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine was administered to children living in the Bardiya, Banke and Kailali districts of Nepal. In 2004, the original vaccinated population experienced a fifth seasonal exposure to JE. We performed a case-control study comparing the prevalence of the administration of vaccine in patients with JE hospitalized in the Bardiya and Bheri Zonal hospitals and in age-sex matched controls resident in the Bardiya district. Among the 219 village controls, 114 had been vaccinated (52.1%) while only one of 20 JE cases had received live-attenuated JE vaccine. Five years after administration of a single dose, SA 14-14-2 provided a protective efficacy of 96.2% (CI 73.1-99.9%).

Nation's Capital to cover low-income women's abortions.

PubMed

1994-04-15

Sharon Pratt Kelly, the mayor of the District of Columbia, has announced that, effective May 1, 1994, the city will use its Medical Charities Fund to pay for "medically appropriate" abortions for women with annual incomes of US$13,200 who do not have health insurance that covers abortions. This income level represents 185% of the federal poverty level for single women. The determination as to whether an abortion is "appropriate" will be made by the woman's physician. From 1989-93, there was a ban on the use of District of Columbia tax monies to cover abortions for local women. In 1988, however, approximately 4000 District women received funding for their abortions. The US$1 million Medical Charities Fund was originally set up to cover emergency room bills for low-income District residents who did not qualify for Medicaid. $650,000 is expected to be added to the fund; in addition, the District's 1995 budget will allocate funding earmarked for abortion coverage for low-income women.

Single-Sex Classrooms Are Succeeding

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gurian, Michael; Stevens, Kathy; Daniels, Peggy

2009-01-01

Over the past decade, the Gurian Institute has trained more than forty thousand teachers in more than two thousand schools and districts, both coed and single-sex. The institute's trainers have worked with public and private schools, Montessori schools, and a variety of charter and independent schools in fifteen countries; it has therefore been…

77 FR 25781 - Environmental Impact Statement; Washington, DC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-01

... do not meet the needs of modern freight rail infrastructure due to its single track arrangement and the inability to accommodate double-stack intermodal container freight trains. The single-track... network that encompasses about 21,000 route miles of track in 23 states, the District of Columbia and the...

Single-Sex Programs: Resolving the Research Conundrum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salomone, Rosemary C.

2006-01-01

In March, 2004, the federal Department of Education issued proposed Title IX regulations that promise to provide public school districts and charter school organizers considerable flexibility in establishing single-sex classes and schools. At the same time, however, as part of the No Child Left Behind Act, the Department has called for…

'Between one and three million': towards the demographic reconstruction of a decade of Cambodian history (1970-79).

PubMed

Heuveline, P

1998-03-01

Estimates of mortality in Camabodia during the Khmer Rouge regime (1975-79) range from 20,000 deaths according to former Khmer Rouge sources, to over three million victims according to Vietnamese government sources. This paper uses an unusual data source - the 1992 electoral lists registered by the United Nations - to estimate the population size after the Khmer Rouge regime and the extent of "excess" mortality in the 1970s. These data also provide the first breakdown of population by single year of age, which allows analysis of the age structure of "excess" mortality and inference of the relative importance of violence as a cause of death in that period. The estimates derived here are more comparable with the higher estimates made in the past. In addition, the analysis of likely causes of death that could have generated the age pattern of "excess" mortality clearly shows a larger contribution of direct or violent mortality than has been previously recognized.

Middle East Economics and Development, Spring 2008 - Project 08-02

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-05-01

a Proportional Representation Electoral System .................................. 145 Table 10: Iran’s Macroeconomic Indicators ( Source : CIA World...Fact Book) ........................... 165 Table 11: Iran’s Trading Partners ( Source : CIA World Fact Book... Sources of Electricity in Afghanistan – 2007................................................................ 29 Figure 3: Ethno-linguistic Groups in

COMMUNITY COLLEGES IN URBAN SETTINGS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MAYHEW, LEWIS B.

A CONFERENCE OF ARCHITECTS, URBAN PLANNERS, COMMUNITY COLLEGE PRESIDENTS, AND EDUCATIONAL THEORISTS MET TO DISCUSS THE POSSIBILITY OF LOCATING JUNIOR COLLEGES IN CENTRAL CITIES. THE JUNIOR COLLEGE CAN MEET URBAN NEEDS FOR RETRAINING, FOR ADULT EDUCATION, FOR TRANSFER, AND FOR CREATING AN INFORMED ELECTORATE. THE COLLEGE LOCATION SHOULD ASSIST IT…

Let Them Eat Promises

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duggan, Thomas

1972-01-01

Article suggests books and films, as well as newspapers, which senior high-school students who will be voting in 1972 for the first time can study to broaden their understanding of the political parties and the electoral process. School and class activities relevant to the presidential election are also detailed. (PD)

Politics, Programs, and Local Governments: The Case of Community Colleges.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bers, Trudy Haffron

1980-01-01

Focuses on two aspects of governance and policy: the electoral process by which community college trustees are selected and the responsiveness of colleges to their communities as manifested by their programs. Available from Journal of Politics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. (Author/IRT)

Legislators' Advertising Messages in Seven State Campaigns in 1986.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Latimer, Margaret A.

1989-01-01

Analyzes the content of campaign advertising in seven states. Focuses attention on: the media mix by which state candidates communicate; the electoral conditions most likely to elicit policy content in advertising; and the pictures of state and federal legislatures which emerge from this communication. (RS)

Red and processed meat consumption and purchasing behaviours and attitudes: impacts for human health, animal welfare and environmental sustainability.

PubMed

Clonan, Angie; Wilson, Paul; Swift, Judy A; Leibovici, Didier G; Holdsworth, Michelle

2015-09-01

Higher intakes of red and processed meat are associated with poorer health outcomes and negative environmental impacts. Drawing upon a population survey the present paper investigates meat consumption behaviours, exploring perceived impacts for human health, animal welfare and the environment. Structured self-completion postal survey relating to red and processed meat, capturing data on attitudes, sustainable meat purchasing behaviour, red and processed meat intake, plus sociodemographic characteristics of respondents. Urban and rural districts of Nottinghamshire, East Midlands, UK, drawn from the electoral register. UK adults (n 842) aged 18-91 years, 497 females and 345 males, representing a 35·6 % response rate from 2500 randomly selected residents. Women were significantly more likely (P60 years) were more likely to hold positive attitudes towards animal welfare (P<0·01). Less than a fifth (18·4 %) of the sample agreed that the impact of climate change could be reduced by consuming less meat, dairy products and eggs. Positive attitudes towards animal welfare were associated with consuming less meat and a greater frequency of 'higher welfare' meat purchases. Human health and animal welfare are more common motivations to avoid red and processed meat than environmental sustainability. Policy makers, nutritionists and health professionals need to increase the public's awareness of the environmental impact of eating red and processed meat. A first step could be to ensure that dietary guidelines integrate the nutritional, animal welfare and environmental components of sustainable diets.

Dietary intake in midlife and associations with standard of living, education and nutrition literacy.

PubMed

Wall, Catherine L; Gearry, Richard B; Pearson, John; Parnell, Winsome; Skidmore, Paula M L

2014-07-04

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in New Zealand, but risk factors may be decreased by consuming a heart healthy diet. This pilot study investigated whether participants met the guidelines for a heart healthy diet and whether a novel heart healthy dietary pattern could be identified using principal components analysis (PCA). The second aim of this project was to assess if higher education, standard of living and nutrition literacy are associated with a heart healthy dietary pattern. This exploratory study was undertaken using data from the first participants enrolled in the Canterbury Health Ageing and Lifecourse study: an observational study of 50 year olds in the Canterbury District Health Board region. Eighty-two people were selected from the General and Maori electoral role and interviewed prior to the 22 February 2011 Christchurch Earthquake. PCA was conducted to identify dietary patterns, based on intake of specific nutrients as indicated by the New Zealand and international heart healthy dietary guidelines. 62 participants completed questionnaires and an estimated food record. No participants met all five of the heart healthy dietary guidelines. One dietary pattern was produced by PCA: a "higher CVD risk" pattern. Regression analysis indicated that higher standard of living, education and nutrition literacy were inversely associated with a "higher CVD risk" pattern. Higher standard of living, education and nutrition literacy were associated with a healthier dietary eating pattern. However, as no participants met all the dietary recommendations more education and support is needed to help people meet these.

Are characteristics of the school district associated with active transportation to school in Danish adolescents?

PubMed

Stock, Christiane; Bloomfield, Kim; Ejstrud, Bo; Vinther-Larsen, Mathilde; Meijer, Mathias; Grønbæk, Morten; Grittner, Ulrike

2012-06-01

This study sought to determine the influence of individual factors on active transportation to school among Danish seventh graders and whether school district factors are associated with such behaviour independently of individual factors. Mixed effects logistic regression models determined the effects of individual (gender, family affluence, enjoyment of school and academic performance) and school district factors (educational level, household savings, land use and size) on active transportation to school (by foot, bicycle or other active means) among 10 380 pupils aged 13-15 years nested in 407 school districts. Of all students, 64.4% used active transportation to school daily. Boys, those with perceived higher school performance and those with lower family affluence were more likely to use active transportation to school. After adjustment for all individual factors listed above, high household savings at the school district level was associated with higher odds of active transportation to school. As factors of land use, low level of farming land use and high proportion of single houses were associated with active transportation to school. Policies aiming at reducing social inequalities at the school district level may enhance active transportation to school. School districts with farming land use face barriers for active transportation to school, requiring special policy attention.

Estimating implementation and operational costs of an integrated tiered CD4 service including laboratory and point of care testing in a remote health district in South Africa.

PubMed

Cassim, Naseem; Coetzee, Lindi M; Schnippel, Kathryn; Glencross, Deborah K

2014-01-01

An integrated tiered service delivery model (ITSDM) has been proposed to provide 'full-coverage' of CD4 services throughout South Africa. Five tiers are described, defined by testing volumes and number of referring health-facilities. These include: (1) Tier-1/decentralized point-of-care service (POC) in a single site; Tier-2/POC-hub servicing processing < 30-40 samples from 8-10 health-clinics; Tier-3/Community laboratories servicing ∼ 50 health-clinics, processing < 150 samples/day; high-volume centralized laboratories (Tier-4 and Tier-5) processing < 300 or > 600 samples/day and serving > 100 or > 200 health-clinics, respectively. The objective of this study was to establish costs of existing and ITSDM-tiers 1, 2 and 3 in a remote, under-serviced district in South Africa. Historical health-facility workload volumes from the Pixley-ka-Seme district, and the total volumes of CD4 tests performed by the adjacent district referral CD4 laboratories, linked to locations of all referring clinics and related laboratory-to-result turn-around time (LTR-TAT) data, were extracted from the NHLS Corporate-Data-Warehouse for the period April-2012 to March-2013. Tiers were costed separately (as a cost-per-result) including equipment, staffing, reagents and test consumable costs. A one-way sensitivity analyses provided for changes in reagent price, test volumes and personnel time. The lowest cost-per-result was noted for the existing laboratory-based Tiers- 4 and 5 ($6.24 and $5.37 respectively), but with related increased LTR-TAT of > 24-48 hours. Full service coverage with TAT < 6-hours could be achieved with placement of twenty-seven Tier-1/POC or eight Tier-2/POC-hubs, at a cost-per-result of $32.32 and $15.88 respectively. A single district Tier-3 laboratory also ensured 'full service coverage' and < 24 hour LTR-TAT for the district at $7.42 per-test. Implementing a single Tier-3/community laboratory to extend and improve delivery of services in Pixley-ka-Seme, with an estimated local ∼ 12-24-hour LTR-TAT, is ∼ $2 more than existing referred services per-test, but 2-4 fold cheaper than implementing eight Tier-2/POC-hubs or providing twenty-seven Tier-1/POCT CD4 services.

Libya After Qaddafi: Lessons and Implications for the Future

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

research findings and objective analysis that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors . All RAND reports undergo rigorous peer...8 The Need for Far-Reaching Security Sector Reform...World Bank , International Monetary Fund, IHS, Inter- national Foundation for Electoral Systems, Dartmouth College, the National Endowment for

Intertwined Cultural and Relational Environments of Organizations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Granados, Francisco J.

2005-01-01

I examine fundamental elements of the cultural and relational environments of the organizations that produce electoral forecasts in the Spanish parliamentary elections. The analysis reveals how these elements shape the interests and decisions in a collectivity of organizations that share a common technology. I investigate the reasons for the…

Application of Social Network Analysis Techniques to Machine Translated Documents

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-01

Mandela, por la nueva Asamblea nacional sudafricana. La Comisión electoral independiente , una gigantesca maquinaria administrativa con unos 300.000...seat perpetration 2 surpassed 1 ultramoderno 1 recount 3 party 1 sellar 1 posting 1 suspended 1 urns 1 regions 1 president 2 south_african 1

Uruguay: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-04

34Uruguay: Partido Colorado apoyó a Lacalle para segunda vuelta electoral," Agence France Presse, October 28, 2009. “Uruguay: Partido Independiente neutral...and economic posts in the administration are expected to be filled by leaders associated with Astori’s more centrist faction of the FA, the Líber

Financial Self-Sufficiency and the Public University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Casteen, John T., III

2011-01-01

The reductions in state tax support for public universities that began around 1990 and continue today are progressively redefining relations between government and public higher education. The reasons for the drop in appropriations per student vary from state to state and include aging electorates, voter fervor for tax cuts, and mandated…

Election '88: Teacher Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

North Carolina State Dept. of Public Instruction, Raleigh. Div. of Social Studies Education.

This materials packet contains information on teaching about the electoral process and the elections of 1988, and on participation in a mock election for students whose schools would take part in the 1988 North Carolina Mock Election. Suggestions for teachers' preparations are given, including a classroom skit and a mock candidates' election…

45 CFR 1226.10 - Hatch Act restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Hatch Act restrictions. 1226.10 Section 1226.10... SERVICE PROHIBITIONS ON ELECTORAL AND LOBBYING ACTIVITIES Volunteer Activities § 1226.10 Hatch Act... Hatch Act, subchapter III, of chapter 73, title 5, United States Code. Full time volunteers shall not...

45 CFR 1226.10 - Hatch Act restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Hatch Act restrictions. 1226.10 Section 1226.10... SERVICE PROHIBITIONS ON ELECTORAL AND LOBBYING ACTIVITIES Volunteer Activities § 1226.10 Hatch Act... Hatch Act, subchapter III, of chapter 73, title 5, United States Code. Full time volunteers shall not...

45 CFR 1226.10 - Hatch Act restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Hatch Act restrictions. 1226.10 Section 1226.10... SERVICE PROHIBITIONS ON ELECTORAL AND LOBBYING ACTIVITIES Volunteer Activities § 1226.10 Hatch Act... Hatch Act, subchapter III, of chapter 73, title 5, United States Code. Full time volunteers shall not...

Something to Chew On

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burchell, David

2004-01-01

It's never easy to connect long-term social and cultural changes to short-term electoral ones. They're like two different timescales--one incremental, even geological in pace, the other immediate and seemingly will-o'-the-wisp. Opinion polls are like weather reports, where the weather-systems seem to scud around with arbitrary and unintelligible…

A Pragmatic Study of Barak Obama's Political Propaganda

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Al-Ameedi, Riyadh Tariq Kadhim; Khudhier, Zina Abdul Hussein

2015-01-01

This study investigates, pragmatically, the language of five electoral political propaganda texts delivered by Barak Obama. It attempts to achieve the following aims: (1) identifying the speech acts used in political propaganda, (2) showing how politicians utilize Grice's maxims and the politeness principle in issuing their propaganda, (3)…

Political Practica: Educating Social Work Students for Policymaking.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wolk, James L.; And Others

1996-01-01

A survey of 131 bachelor's level and 30 master's level programs in social work found that less than 20% of undergraduate and 50% of graduate programs offered practica in government relations, electoral politics, and policy advocacy and development, and that existing practica were almost exclusively in government relations. Recommendations for…

Perspectives: A Challenging Patriotism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boyte, Harry C.

2012-01-01

In a time of alarm about the poisoning of electoral politics, public passions inflamed by sophisticated techniques of mass polarization, and fears that the country is losing control of its collective future, higher education is called upon to take leadership in "reinventing citizenship." It needs to respond to that call on a scale unprecedented in…

Re-Thinking Normative Democracy and the Political Economy of Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carr, Paul R.

2010-01-01

Normative thinking around democracy often emphasizes the supremacy of electoral politics, underplaying the salience of education as a defining feature to produce a more meaningful, engaged, inclusive form of democracy. Critical pedagogy can be an extremely useful, illuminating and transformative means and process of deconstructing how democracy is…

Making Politics Matter to Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacoby, Barbara

2006-01-01

Many people saw the 2004 presidential election as an opportunity for students to engage in democracy in a fundamental and concrete way--by registering to vote and participating fully in the electoral process. The first national post-election study of college student turnout in the 2004 presidential election, conducted by the Center for Information…

Social Change and a Sustainable Environment for the 1980s.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bryant, Bunyan

1984-01-01

Discusses the inherent strength of American democracy manifested in the large number of groups capable of organizing to compete for power and self-interests. Topic areas considered include the need for more organizations, building coalitions, going where the action is, social/environmental change via electoral politics, personal change, and…

AP: Not a Replacement for Challenging College Coursework

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walsh, Margaret

2016-01-01

College affordability is weighing heavily this year on the minds of students, parents, faculty, and the U.S. electorate. Intent on saving money on college tuition as well as impressing college admissions committees, high-achieving students frequently start college-level work early through Advanced Placement courses. However, these courses do not…

Map the Race to the White House

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shore, Felice S.; Cooper, Linda L.

2010-01-01

The 2008 presidential election is a great backdrop for analyzing graphs, learning about population distributions, and studying the effect on the electoral voting process. To take advantage of the enthusiasm surrounding the election, the authors conducted two activities in the months leading up to the 2008 presidential elections with several groups…

Campaign Documentaries: Behind-the-Scenes Perspectives Make Useful Teaching Tools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wolfford, David

2012-01-01

Over the last 20 years, independent filmmakers have produced insightful documentaries of high profile political campaigns with behind-the-scenes footage. These documentaries offer inside looks and unique perspectives on electoral politics. This campaign season, consider "The War Room"; "A Perfect Candidate"; "Journeys With George;" "Chisholm '72";…

Returning to the Past?: The Political Implications of Communist Electoral Victory in Post-Soviet Moldova

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-12-01

broke out in March, splitting the country and pitting Moldovan nationalists against the Transnistrian separatists. Trouble had been brewing since...released the following statement. Prime Minister Vasily Tarlev has stated Moldova had met all commitments stipulated in the supplements to the

45 CFR 1226.11 - Part time volunteers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Part time volunteers. 1226.11 Section 1226.11... SERVICE PROHIBITIONS ON ELECTORAL AND LOBBYING ACTIVITIES Volunteer Activities § 1226.11 Part time volunteers. (a) The provisions in this section are applicable to part time volunteers, as defined in § 1226.3...

45 CFR 1226.11 - Part time volunteers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Part time volunteers. 1226.11 Section 1226.11... SERVICE PROHIBITIONS ON ELECTORAL AND LOBBYING ACTIVITIES Volunteer Activities § 1226.11 Part time volunteers. (a) The provisions in this section are applicable to part time volunteers, as defined in § 1226.3...

45 CFR 1226.11 - Part time volunteers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Part time volunteers. 1226.11 Section 1226.11... SERVICE PROHIBITIONS ON ELECTORAL AND LOBBYING ACTIVITIES Volunteer Activities § 1226.11 Part time volunteers. (a) The provisions in this section are applicable to part time volunteers, as defined in § 1226.3...

45 CFR 1226.11 - Part time volunteers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Part time volunteers. 1226.11 Section 1226.11... SERVICE PROHIBITIONS ON ELECTORAL AND LOBBYING ACTIVITIES Volunteer Activities § 1226.11 Part time volunteers. (a) The provisions in this section are applicable to part time volunteers, as defined in § 1226.3...

Electronic Storytelling in Electoral Politics: An Anecdotal Analysis of Television Advertising in the Helms-Hunt Senate Race.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Larry David; Golden, James L.

1988-01-01

Examines the fundamental qualities of the television advertising from the 1984 North Carolina senate race between Jesse Helms and James Hunt, using Burke's method of the "representative anecdote." Argues that thematic continuity is a fundamental ingredient of effective electronic storytelling. (SR)

Civic Engagement and Activism: Do College Students and College Athletes Differ?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoffman, Jennifer; Kihl, Lisa; Browning, Anne

2015-01-01

This study uses measures from the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement to examine rates of volunteerism, use of political voice, and electoral indicators between college students and college student-athletes attending three institutions with Division I athletic programs. Findings illustrate increased volunteer…

The Political Polarization of Women: Where Political Scientists Went Wrong.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MacManus, Susan A.

Early research into women's political participation assumed erroneously that gender was more important than race, ethnicity, and class, that uniform commitment on women's issues would occur, and that only female officeholders could represent women. Based on attitudinal, participatory, and electoral data collected in Houston, Texas in 1977-78, this…

Looking at Elections through the Cartoonist's Eye. Teaching with Cartoons.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heitzman, W. Ray

2000-01-01

Provides a taxonomy of subskills needed to interpret political cartoons. Focuses on two of the subskills (caricature and symbolism) in detail. Includes copies of political cartoons that all pertain to the electoral process, guidelines for selecting cartoons for classroom use, and a list of resources. (CMK)

Media Exposure, Interpersonal Communication and the Electoral Decision Process.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kimsey, William D.; Hantz, Alan

The relationships among mass media, interpersonal communication, and voting behavior were explored in a two-stage panel study of 141 respondents during a 1974 Illinois congressional election. Analyses of perceived exposures to mass media and to interpersonal communication were interpreted as supporting Rogers and Shoemakers' (1971)…

Elections: An Instructional Unit for Elementary Grades.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McClain, Janet; And Others

In order to increase students' awareness of their place in the nation's political life, this unit introduces young children to the electoral process. Each lesson includes objectives, materials, procedures, and supplementary materials that can be duplicated for student use. The first five lessons are designed to improve student awareness of…

Teaching about Presidential Elections. ERIC Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vontz, Thomas S.; Nixon, William A.

Although elections are an annual theme in many social studies classrooms, presidential election years prompt increased interest among students in the electoral process and offer an opportunity to teach about a national election as it happens. This ERIC Digest describes the legal requirements and traditions of U.S. presidential elections, processes…

The Relationship between Voting Knowledge and Voting Attitudes of Selected Ninth and Tenth Grade Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Golden, Kathleen

1985-01-01

A study showed that the acquisition of voting knowledge in a civics class positively influenced ninth- and tenth-grade students' attitudes toward voting. Teachers should give students a solid foundation concerning the electoral process and encourage students to participate in the political process. (RM)

Internet's Potential to Affect Social Studies and Democracy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Friedman, Adam M.

2006-01-01

Technology, and the Internet in particular, is bringing constant change to American society, including the potential to enhance democracy by fostering participation in the electoral process. Because of the wealth of information available on candidates, issues, and policies, the Internet may foster citizens' ability to cast a more informed vote. As…

Rhetorical Legitimacy, and the Presidential Debates.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lucaites, John Louis

1989-01-01

Explores the negative popular reaction to the 1988 Presidential Debates. Examines how these events function as ritualistic enactments of the , thus providing a rhetorical legitimacy for the electoral process in a system dedicated to . Suggests how the 1988 debates failed to satisfy that function. (MM)

Presidential Elections in the Age of Television.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rothwell, Jennifer Truran

2000-01-01

Explores the role of television in politics providing historical examples of the use of television and its possible effects on elections. Focuses on television as the dominant medium for politics, the connections among television, advertising, and political money, and ideas for reforming the electoral process. Includes a teaching activity on…

The Drug war: Diplomatic and Security Implications for Mexico and the United States

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-10

The PRI electoral gains will make it impossible for President Calderon to push significant reforms through without serious concessions to the PRI-if...August 2002), 5. 83 GLOSSARY Commission Nacional de Derechos Humanos (CNDH). Mexico’s National Commission on Human Rights. Counter-drug

The Interrupted Intercourse in the Election Communication: Pragmatic Aspect

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Andryuchshenko, Olga K.; Suyunova, Gulnara S.; Nygmetova, Bibigul Dz.; Garanina, Ekaterina P.

2016-01-01

The article provides analysis of the interrupted communication as part of the communication in the election discourse. The authors explored the most typical reasons for the interrupted communication in the electoral discourse analyzed communication failures as a kind of ineffective communication. Communication failures are presented as a result of…

Guinea’s New Transitional Government: Emerging Issues for U.S. Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-23

seat after the 2002 legislative elections in a protest against electoral fraud .10 U.S. and Other International Reactions U.S. officials have...Correction des Listes Electorales Provisoires: la CENI sur la sellette - 87000 électeurs disparus des listes à Siguiri - quasi inexistence des listes

45 CFR 1226.11 - Part time volunteers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Part time volunteers. 1226.11 Section 1226.11... SERVICE PROHIBITIONS ON ELECTORAL AND LOBBYING ACTIVITIES Volunteer Activities § 1226.11 Part time volunteers. (a) The provisions in this section are applicable to part time volunteers, as defined in § 1226.3...

Seasonal variation of Ganoderma spore concentrations in urban and suburban districts of the city of Szczecin, Poland.

PubMed

Grinn-Gofroń, Agnieszka; Strzelczak, Agnieszka; Przestrzelska, Katarzyna

2015-01-01

According to recent studies, Ganoderma may be the third genus, after Alternaria and Cladosporium, the spores of which cause symptoms of allergy, and concentration is related to meteorological factors. The aerobiology of Ganoderma spores in Szczecin in urban and suburban districts was examined using Lanzoni Volumetric Spore Traps in 2008-2010. Ganoderma spores were present in the atmosphere on more than 90% of the days from June through September with peak concentrations in June, July and September. The number of days with spores was lower in the suburban district, while the total number of spores collected was higher there than in the urban district. Correlation and multiple regression analyses revealed weak relationships between Ganoderma and meteorological conditions, while testing the significance of differences between the districts showed that urban development did not have a clear impact on the values of meteorological parameters. A significantly higher abundance of spores in the suburbs of Szczecin seemed to be conditioned by the closeness of potential area sources. This study indicates that a single measuring site in the city centre insufficiently reflected the dynamics and level of Ganoderma spore concentration in peripheral districts.

WWC Review of the Report "Incentives, Selection, and Teacher Performance: Evidence from IMPACT." What Works Clearinghouse Single Study Review

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

What Works Clearinghouse, 2014

2014-01-01

The 2013 study, "Incentives, Selection, and Teacher Performance: Evidence from IMPACT" examined the effects of "IMPACT," a teacher evaluation system used in the District of Columbia Public Schools, on teacher retention and performance. "IMPACT" assigns each teacher a single performance score based on classroom…

Single-Sex Schooling Gets New Showcase

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McNeil, Michele

2008-01-01

Single-sex classrooms and schools are common in private education and have emerged as popular options in urban public school districts, such as New York City, particularly as a strategy for raising the achievement of African-American boys. South Carolina is at the forefront of implementing such programs statewide. Ninety-seven schools in South…

Information Needs within a Multi-District Environment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomas, Gregory P.

This paper argues that no single measurement strategy serves all purposes and that applying methods and techniques which allow a variety of data elements to be retrieved and juxtaposed may be an investment in the future. Item response theory, Rasch model, and latent trait theory are all approaches to a single conceptual topic. An abbreviated look…

The nature and extent of aggressive behaviour amongst people with learning difficulties (mental handicap) in a single health district.

PubMed

Harris, P

1993-06-01

This paper describes the method and results of a survey of aggressive behaviour amongst people with learning difficulties. The study was confined to a single health district in the South Western Region of the UK with a general population of about 370,000. At the time of the survey, the Mental Handicap Register for the district recorded 1,362 people as having a learning difficulty. The overall prevalence of aggressive behaviour amongst people with learning difficulties for whom base population data was available was 17.6%. The lowest rate was identified amongst day facilities (9.7%) and the highest in hospitals within the district (38.2%). The prevalence rate amongst those attending schools for children with severe learning difficulties was 12.6%. Proportionately more males than females were reported to present problems of aggressive behaviour. The gender difference appeared to be largely accounted for by the disproportionate number of men identified within day facilities. There was no significant evidence of an association between the person's gender and the presence aggressive behaviour within schools or hospitals. The results indicated that, although physical and verbal aggression were the most frequently reported behaviours, many of the sample were also said to engage in other forms of challenging behaviour, particularly self-injurious, ritualistic, stereotypical and withdrawn behaviour. The risk of a serious or very serious injury to another person was very low; 0.7% or six people with learning difficulties from the district were reported to be currently presenting such a risk. Similarly, only 2% of the base population (n = 18) were reported to be extremely difficult to manage. The implications of the findings are discussed.

WWC Review of the Report "A Written Language Intervention for At-Risk Second Grade Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Process Assessment of the Learner Lesson Plans in a Tier 2 Response-to-Intervention (RtI) Model." What Works Clearinghouse Single Study Review

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

What Works Clearinghouse, 2014

2014-01-01

The study examined the effects of "Process Assessment of the Learner" ("PAL"), a writing expression curriculum. The program was tested with second-grade students in a suburban-rural school district in the southeastern United States. Three sections of PAL lessons were implemented in the district as a small-group curriculum…

Population genetic analysis and sub-structuring of Theileria parva in the northern and eastern parts of Zambia

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Theileriosis, caused by Theileria parva, is an economically important disease in Africa. It is a major constraint to the development of the livestock industry in some parts of eastern, central and southern Africa. In Zambia, theileriosis causes losses of up to 10,000 cattle annually. Methods Cattle blood samples were collected for genetic analysis of Theileria parva from Isoka and Petauke districts in Zambia. Microsatellite analysis was then performed on all Theileria parva positive samples for PCR using a panel of 9 microsatellite markers. Microsatellite data was analyzed using microsatellite toolkit, GenAlEx ver. 6, Fstat ver. 2.9.3.2, and LIAN computer softwares. Results The combined percentage of positive samples in both districts determined by PCR using the p104 gene primers was 54.9% (95% CI: 46.7 – 63.1%, 78/142), while in each district, it was 44.8% (95% CI: 34.8 – 54.8%) and 76.1% (95% CI = 63.9 – 88.4%) for Isoka and Petauke districts, respectively. We analyzed the population genetic structure of Theileria parva from a total of 61 samples (33 from Isoka and 28 from Petauke) using a panel of 9 microsatellite markers encompassing the 4 chromosomes of Theileria parva. Wright’s F index (FST = 0.178) showed significant differentiation between the Isoka and Petauke populations. Linkage disequilibrium was observed when populations from both districts were treated as a single population. When analyzed separately, linkage disequilibrium was observed in Kanyelele and Kalembe areas in Isoka district, Isoka district overall and in Petauke district. Petauke district had a higher multiplicity of infection than Isoka district. Conclusion Population genetic analyses of Theileria parva from Isoka and Petauke districts showed a low level of genotype exchange between the districts, but a high level of genetic diversity within each district population, implying genetic and geographic sub-structuring between the districts. The sub-structuring observed, along with the lack of panmixia in the populations, could have been due to low transmission levels at the time of sampling. However, the Isoka population was less diverse than the Petauke population. PMID:23146577

Using Synthetic Controls to Evaluate the Effect of Unique Interventions: The Case of Say Yes to Education.

PubMed

Bifulco, Robert; Rubenstein, Ross; Sohn, Hosung

2017-12-01

"Place-based" scholarships seek to improve student outcomes in urban school districts and promote urban revitalization in economically challenged cities. Say Yes to Education is a unique district-wide school reform effort adopted in Syracuse, NY, in 2008. It includes full-tuition scholarships for public and private universities, coupled with extensive wraparound support services in schools. This study uses synthetic control methods to evaluate the effect of Say Yes on district enrollment and graduation rates. It also introduces the synthetic control method and provides guidance for its use in evaluating single-site interventions. Combining school district-level data from the National Center for Education Statistics' Common Core of Data and New York State School Report Cards, this article uses synthetic control methods to construct a synthetic comparison district to estimate counterfactual enrollment and graduation trends for Syracuse. We find that Say Yes to Education was associated with enrollment increases in the Syracuse City School District, a district that had previously experienced decades of sustained enrollment declines. We do not find consistent evidence of changes in graduation rates following adoption of the program. Graduation rate analyses demonstrate that estimates of treatment effects can be sensitive to choices that the researcher has to make in applying synthetic control methods, particularly when pretreatment outcome measures appear to have considerable amounts of noise.

Spatial Patterns of Heat-Related Cardiovascular Mortality in the Czech Republic

PubMed Central

Urban, Aleš; Burkart, Katrin; Kyselý, Jan; Schuster, Christian; Plavcová, Eva; Hanzlíková, Hana; Štěpánek, Petr; Lakes, Tobia

2016-01-01

The study examines spatial patterns of effects of high temperature extremes on cardiovascular mortality in the Czech Republic at a district level during 1994–2009. Daily baseline mortality for each district was determined using a single location-stratified generalized additive model. Mean relative deviations of mortality from the baseline were calculated on days exceeding the 90th percentile of mean daily temperature in summer, and they were correlated with selected demographic, socioeconomic, and physical-environmental variables for the districts. Groups of districts with similar characteristics were identified according to socioeconomic status and urbanization level in order to provide a more general picture than possible on the district level. We evaluated lagged patterns of excess mortality after hot spell occurrences in: (i) urban areas vs. predominantly rural areas; and (ii) regions with different overall socioeconomic level. Our findings suggest that climatic conditions, altitude, and urbanization generally affect the spatial distribution of districts with the highest excess cardiovascular mortality, while socioeconomic status did not show a significant effect in the analysis across the Czech Republic as a whole. Only within deprived populations, socioeconomic status played a relevant role as well. After taking into account lagged effects of temperature on excess mortality, we found that the effect of hot spells was significant in highly urbanized regions, while most excess deaths in rural districts may be attributed to harvesting effects. PMID:26959044

Is Montessori Ready for the Obama Generation?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Powell, Mark

2009-01-01

When Barack Obama announced his run for the presidency, he seemed an unlikely candidate. Against all odds, he was able to defeat an apparently overwhelming opposition by relating to the electorate in a more horizontal, collaborative manner. What Obama did differently was to empower the new, digitally active, younger political class by involving…

The Media as Voyeur: What Is Our "Right to Know?"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sayer, James E.

Current print and broadcast journalism is moving away from a concept of journalism as "information people need to know" towards a notion of the "Right to Know": everything conceivable about everyone is newsworthy. It is axiomatic that a well-informed public is a better electorate. However, the First Amendment guarantee of…

Electoral Law: Documents on Politics and Society in the Federal Republic of Germany.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Inter Nationes, Bonn (West Germany).

Free elections are one of the fundamental principles of any parliamentary democracy. The constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Basic Law, stipulates in its article 20(2) that "all state authority emanates from the people" who exercise that authority "by means of elections and referendums and through special…

Can Schools Engage Students? Multiple Perspectives, Multidimensional School Climate Research in England and Ireland

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sampermans, Dorien; Isac, Maria Magdalena; Claes, Ellen

2018-01-01

Purpose: This article assesses how different aspects of the school climate relate to students' intended future electoral engagement. Until now, political socialization researchers found evidence for a relation between formal citizenship education in school and students' participation levels. There is less consensus, however, in how multiple…

Using Simulations in Linked Courses to Foster Student Understanding of Complex Political Institutions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Michelle Hale

2015-01-01

Political institutions provide basic building blocks for understanding and comparing political systems. Yet, students often struggle to understand the implications of institutional choice, such as electoral system rules, especially when the formulas and calculations used to determine seat allocation can be multilevel and complex. This study brings…

Brazil: The Lula Government and Financial Globalization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bianchi, Alvaro; Braga, Ruy

2005-01-01

The electoral victory of Lu?s In?cio "Lula" da Silva in the presidential elections of 2002 epitomized two decades of social and political transformations in Brazil. Nevertheless, instead of launching an alternative mode of doing politics, the program of the Workers' Party affirmed a state logic with a view to gradually updating the…

13...Going on 18: Preparing for the Franchise.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stambler, Leah G.

This project is designed to help secondary school students prepare for participation in the electoral process as informed citizens. The project has students focus on current events pertaining to the U.S. election process. They study basic government concepts found in the Constitution, such as Separation of Powers, as well as practices that have…

The Purpose, Structure and Limitations of the Electoral College

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Webster, Gerald R.

2016-01-01

The U.S. Constitution was drafted in Philadelphia from late May to mid-September 1787. The fifty-five delegates to the Constitutional Convention gathered to revise the Articles of Confederation but soon decided to write an entirely new document. These "Framers" were committed to forming a representative democracy, but their largely…

Balancing Campaign Finance Reform Against the First Amendment. Looking at the Law.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yang, Elizabeth M.

2000-01-01

Focuses on the rationale for campaign finance reform, preventing corruption or the appearance of corruption in the electoral process, and the need for balancing the constitutional rights protected by the First Amendment. Discusses the issues of disclosure, contribution limits, issue advocacy, and soft money. Includes teaching activities and…

Preparing the Next Generation for Electoral Engagement: Social Studies and the School Context

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Callahan, Rebecca M.; Muller, Chandra; Schiller, Kathryn S.

2010-01-01

In an era of accountability focused primarily on academic outcomes, it may be useful to reconsider the other original aim of U.S. schools: citizenship development. Using longitudinal, nationally representative data (Adolescent Health and Academic Achievement Study [AHAA] and the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health [Add Health]), we…

Educational Reform in the Sunshine State: High Need, Low Funding, and a Disaffected Electorate.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Herrington, Carolyn D.; Trimble, Susan

1997-01-01

Claims voters and elected officials allow only short-term solutions to financial problems and Florida fails to address need or adequacy. Explains sources of problems by describing state funding formula and discussing structurally inadequate tax base, new political and constitutional barriers to tax expansion, and sectoral rivalry for state…

The Art of Writing Op-Eds

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kenney, Linda Chion

2006-01-01

When John Whritner was hired for his first superintendency, the school system he soon would lead had recently approved a town budget for education. By the time Whritner showed up for work in East Lyme, Conn., the fickle electorate had changed its collective mindset and reversed its approval by referendum. This article discusses how superintendents…

Senior Year Inviting More Math Choices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cavanagh, Sean

2008-01-01

When students at Prescott High School sign up to take math as seniors, not all of them will be wading into precalculus or calculus, with in-depth explorations of derivatives and trigonometric functions. Some will instead end up using mathematics to study the Electoral College, or the security of Internet passwords, or how delivery companies ship…

Naval War College Review. Volume 63, Number 2, Spring 2010

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

coast of Somalia is a result of the absence of gover - nance on land projected out to sea, the unremedied collapse of the Somali state will be an...vis its own internal security issues. With lucrative foreign investments, a tourism industry shaken by electoral violence two years ago, and almost

Apology and Redress: Escaping the Dustbin of History in the Postsegregationist South

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fine, Gary Alan

2013-01-01

How at moments of dramatic change and a shifting social context do political actors alter their public identities? Put differently, how do political figures respond when positions with which they have been closely identified are no longer morally and electorally defensible and must be altered? Responses to identity challenge within institutional…

West Europe Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-02-27

more recently, the singular distancing of Jose Antonio Segurado and the Liberal Party. Next came an internal crisis, the sudden departure of Jorge...would have better electoral results:- AP,- CDS, Oscar Alzaga’s PDP, or Antonia- Segurado -’-S-PL?) Overall PSOE AP IU CDS AP 24.3 21.5 41.6 7.3 11.1

Ethics and the American Community: Focus on Campaigns & Elections.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Drake Univ., Des Moines, IA. Iowa Center for Law and Civic Education.

This collection of lesson materials for high school teachers and students focuses on the study of ethics and values that underlie the political process in the United States. The collection is meant to encourage teachers and students to examine the value conflicts that frequently appear in the electoral process and stimulate student thinking about…

Tellin' It Like It Is: Children's Attitudes toward the Electoral Process and the '92 Campaign.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bronstein, Carolyn; And Others

A study investigated children's attitudes, information sources, and interest toward the 1992 presidential election. Focus groups were conducted one week before the 1992 presidential election with 13 fourth- and fifth-grade elementary school children. Results indicated several themes: (1) overall, the children's knowledge of abstract concepts like…

The CSIS Strengthening of America Commission, First Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, DC.

Although the United States has the largest economy in the world, it has vulnerabilities. The growth rate of productivity has slowed. The U.S. net national savings rate is at an all-time low. The nation's educational system is performing well below the best international levels. A disenchanted electorate views federal institutions with increasing…

Hobson's Choice: Education Policies in the 2010 General Election

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gillard, Derek

2010-01-01

This article summarises the policies relating to families, children and education which were presented to the electorate by the three main parties in their manifestos, together with the policies listed in the Coalition's "Programme for Government". The author concludes with a few observations on the future of state education in England.

Youth Engagement in Electoral Activities: A Collaborative Evaluation of a Civic Education Project

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berson, Michael J.; Rodríguez-Campos, Liliana; Walker-Egea, Connie; Owens, Corina; Bellara, Aarti

2014-01-01

Youth civic engagement is recognized as an essential component necessary for the preservation of democratic practices; however, inadequate levels of civic participation persist among young people. Past research has shown that young people are more likely to participate in politics when they are informed. We present survey data collected from…

Air and Space Power Journal. Volume 20, Number 3, Fall 2006

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-01

ning focus to support of the Independent Electoral Commission of Iraq and election preparations. As the corps and its major sub- ordinate commands...Definición y ámbito de aplicación del Derecho Internacional Humanitario,” Revista Nacional de Derecho Aeronáutico y Espacial 3 (1989): 19. 9

Motivations, Media Use, and Electoral Decision Making.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Becker, Lee B.; Demers, David K.

Most of the research on motivations and media use has assumed that there is some general motivation that directs habitual media behavior. Recent work on motivations, however, suggests that it may be valuable to distinguish between general needs and more specific needs, both of which may direct media behavior. For example, regular media use might…

Entrenched time delays versus accelerating opinion dynamics: are advanced democracies inherently unstable?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gros, Claudius

2017-11-01

Modern societies face the challenge that the time scale of opinion formation is continuously accelerating in contrast to the time scale of political decision making. With the latter remaining of the order of the election cycle we examine here the case that the political state of a society is determined by the continuously evolving values of the electorate. Given this assumption we show that the time lags inherent in the election cycle will inevitable lead to political instabilities for advanced democracies characterized both by an accelerating pace of opinion dynamics and by high sensibilities (political correctness) to deviations from mainstream values. Our result is based on the observation that dynamical systems become generically unstable whenever time delays become comparable to the time it takes to adapt to the steady state. The time needed to recover from external shocks grows in addition dramatically close to the transition. Our estimates for the order of magnitude of the involved time scales indicate that socio-political instabilities may develop once the aggregate time scale for the evolution of the political values of the electorate falls below 7-15 months.

Mediated Leader Effects: The Impact of Newspapers' Portrayal of Party Leadership on Electoral Support.

PubMed

Aaldering, Loes; van der Meer, Tom; Van der Brug, Wouter

2018-01-01

Conventional wisdom holds that party leaders matter in democratic elections. As very few voters have direct contact with party leaders, media are voters' primary source of information about these leaders and, thus, the likely origin of leader effects on party support. Our study focuses on these supposed electoral effects of the media coverage of party leaders. We examine the positive and negative effects of specific leadership images in Dutch newspapers on vote intentions. To this end, we combine an extensive automated content analysis of leadership images in the media with a panel data set, the Dutch 1Vandaag Opinion Panel (1VOP), consisting of more than fifty thousand unique respondents and 110 waves of interviews conducted between September 2006 and September 2012. The results confirm that media coverage of party leaders' character traits affects voters: Positive mediated leadership images increase support for the leader's party, while negative images decrease this support. However, this influence is not unconditional: During campaign periods, positive leadership images have a stronger effect, while negative images no longer have an impact on subsequent vote intentions.

Mediated Leader Effects: The Impact of Newspapers’ Portrayal of Party Leadership on Electoral Support

PubMed Central

Aaldering, Loes; van der Meer, Tom; Van der Brug, Wouter

2017-01-01

Conventional wisdom holds that party leaders matter in democratic elections. As very few voters have direct contact with party leaders, media are voters’ primary source of information about these leaders and, thus, the likely origin of leader effects on party support. Our study focuses on these supposed electoral effects of the media coverage of party leaders. We examine the positive and negative effects of specific leadership images in Dutch newspapers on vote intentions. To this end, we combine an extensive automated content analysis of leadership images in the media with a panel data set, the Dutch 1Vandaag Opinion Panel (1VOP), consisting of more than fifty thousand unique respondents and 110 waves of interviews conducted between September 2006 and September 2012. The results confirm that media coverage of party leaders’ character traits affects voters: Positive mediated leadership images increase support for the leader’s party, while negative images decrease this support. However, this influence is not unconditional: During campaign periods, positive leadership images have a stronger effect, while negative images no longer have an impact on subsequent vote intentions. PMID:29527251

Social capital and sense of insecurity in the neighbourhood: a population-based multilevel analysis in Malmö, Sweden.

PubMed

Lindström, Martin; Merlo, Juan; Ostergren, Per Olof

2003-03-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of social capital on self-reported sense of insecurity in the neighbourhood. The public health survey in Malmö, Sweden in 1994 was a cross-sectional study. A total of 5600 individuals aged 20-80 years were asked to answer a postal questionnaire. The participation rate was 71%. A multilevel logistic regression model, with individuals at the first level and neighbourhoods at the second, was performed. We analysed the effect (intra-area correlation, cross-level modification and odds ratios) of individual (social participation) and neighbourhood social capital (electoral participation in the 1994 municipal election) on sense of insecurity after adjustment for compositional factors. Neighbourhood factors accounted for 7.2% of the total variance in individual insecurity. This effect was marginally reduced when the individual factors were included in the model. In contrast, it was reduced by 70% by the introduction of the contextual variable. This study suggests that social capital, measured as electoral participation, may partly explain the individual's sense of insecurity in the neighbourhood.

Draining the swamp while making America great: senior dissonance in the age of Trump.

PubMed

Hudson, Robert B

2018-04-13

In his surprise election as President, Donald Trump enjoyed disproportionate electoral support from older voters, many of whom saw in Trump a person who would work to reverse demographic, economic, and cultural forces that had transformed American life as they had long seen it. Yet, Trump's campaign and incumbency has also been very much about gutting the Washington policy establishment of officials, bureaucrats, and lobbyists (aka, the Swamp) which, for over half a century, has been instrumental in enacting and expanding legislation that has benefitted older Americans, far more than any other social policy constituency in the country. This article contrasts the value-oriented electoral support Trump enjoyed from older Americans with their interest concerns centered on policies such as the Affordable Care Act, Medicaid, and a host of smaller grant-in-aid programs. It then reviews the strong institutional base seniors and their advocates have in Washington, posing whether interest-oriented concerns may outweigh ideological ones as policy options emerge from a Republican-controlled government prior to the 2018 elections.

Trump's electoral speeches and his appeal to the American white working class.

PubMed

Lamont, Michèle; Park, Bo Yun; Ayala-Hurtado, Elena

2017-11-01

This paper contributes to the study of social change by considering boundary work as a dimension of cultural change. Drawing on the computer-assisted qualitative analysis of 73 formal speeches made by Donald Trump during the 2016 electoral campaign, we argue that his political rhetoric, which led to his presidential victory, addressed the white working class's concern with their declining position in the national pecking order. He addressed this group's concern by raising their moral status, that is, by (1) emphatically describing them as hard-working Americans who are victims of globalization; (2) voicing their concerns about 'people above' (professionals, the rich, and politicians); (3) drawing strong moral boundaries toward undocumented immigrants, refugees, and Muslims; (4) presenting African Americans and (legal) Hispanic Americans as workers who also deserve jobs; (5) stressing the role of working-class men as protectors of women and LGBTQ people. This particular case study of the role of boundary work in political rhetoric provides a novel, distinctively sociological approach for capturing dynamics of social change. © London School of Economics and Political Science 2017.

Single-Sex Education versus Coeducation in North Georgia Public Middle Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blake, Catherine Danielle

2012-01-01

The U.S. Department of Education is giving more liberties to school districts to offer single-sex schools in order to adequately serve the needs of students. The purpose of this quantitative causal-comparative study was to test the theory of students' performances based on their educational environment by comparing students who received…

Observations about the effectiveness of utilizing single tree selection silviculture in redwood forestlands

Treesearch

Bob Berlage

2012-01-01

Harvesting in predominantly redwood forests has been ongoing in the Santa Cruz Mountain region for over 150 years. Under California Forest Practice rules specific to the Southern Subdistrict of the Coast District, clearcutting has been outlawed since 1970. Since that time, single tree selection has been the only silvicultural practice allowed in the Southern...

Vocational Education Single Parent/Displaced Homemaker Project. Annual Report July 1, 1986-June 30, 1987.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Owensboro Public Schools, KY.

The Owensboro, Kentucky, Displaced Homemaker Program helps single parents/displaced homemakers in the Green River Area Development District to gain control of their lives by developing skills necessary to secure a job and become independent and self-sufficient. In fiscal year 1986-87, 240 persons applied for the program, which provides an…

[Mathematics - astronomy - astrology special library].

PubMed

Gluch, Sibylle

2011-01-01

About 1560 Elector August of Saxony created an unusual library--one distinguished within its period by both its specialization and location. Situated within the Kunstkammer this library was mostly dedicated to the mathematical sciences and related disciplines. It contained works by the most important authors on mathematics, astronomy, and astrology from the classical, medieval, and early modern periods. This essay traces the formation and composition of August's library, and examines its function: What kind of relationship existed between the library and the Kunstkammer? In what way did the library mirror the interests of the Elector, and to what extend does it permit inferences regarding the Elector's knowledge of mathematics? From the analysis August emerges not as a specialist with a deep understanding of mathematics, but as a particular aficionado of mathematical applications. As a practitioner and general follower of the mathematical arts he took part in a far-reaching intellectual network the center of which lay in the University of Wittenberg. Here, Melanchthon had effectively strengthened the importance of the mathematical disciplines within the university curriculum. He regarded mathematics as the foremost science, arguing that before all other disciplines its method enabled man to recognize the harmonic order of the world, and to discern divine providence. Thus, mathematics offered consoling stability and support in an often seemingly chaotic world torn by religious controversies. This kind of esteem for the mathematical sciences did not presuppose expert knowledge. Hence, the fact that August does not appear to have read the mathematical books he collected does not come as a contradiction. On the contrary, for August it sufficed to recognize the potential of the mathematical sciences, which he brought into life through the creation of a specialized library that developed a rhetoric of its own. The collection of his Kunstkammer library spoke of a harmonically ordered world while at the same time memorializing August as a lover of mathematics and an important figure within the group of mathematical experts and enthusiasts.

The rationale and cost-effectiveness of a confirmatory mapping tool for lymphatic filariasis: Examples from Ethiopia and Tanzania

PubMed Central

Pelletreau, Sonia; Barbre, Kira A.; Deming, Michael S.; Rebollo, Maria P.

2017-01-01

Endemicity mapping is required to determining whether a district requires mass drug administration (MDA). Current guidelines for mapping LF require that two sites be selected per district and within each site a convenience sample of 100 adults be tested for antigenemia or microfilaremia. One or more confirmed positive tests in either site is interpreted as an indicator of potential transmission, prompting MDA at the district-level. While this mapping strategy has worked well in high-prevalence settings, imperfect diagnostics and the transmission potential of a single positive adult have raised concerns about the strategy’s use in low-prevalence settings. In response to these limitations, a statistically rigorous confirmatory mapping strategy was designed as a complement to the current strategy when LF endemicity is uncertain. Under the new strategy, schools are selected by either systematic or cluster sampling, depending on population size, and within each selected school, children 9–14 years are sampled systematically. All selected children are tested and the number of positive results is compared against a critical value to determine, with known probabilities of error, whether the average prevalence of LF infection is likely below a threshold of 2%. This confirmatory mapping strategy was applied to 45 districts in Ethiopia and 10 in Tanzania, where initial mapping results were considered uncertain. In 42 Ethiopian districts, and all 10 of the Tanzanian districts, the number of antigenemic children was below the critical cutoff, suggesting that these districts do not require MDA. Only three Ethiopian districts exceeded the critical cutoff of positive results. Whereas the current World Health Organization guidelines would have recommended MDA in all 55 districts, the present results suggest that only three of these districts requires MDA. By avoiding unnecessary MDA in 52 districts, the confirmatory mapping strategy is estimated to have saved a total of $9,293,219. PMID:28976981

The rationale and cost-effectiveness of a confirmatory mapping tool for lymphatic filariasis: Examples from Ethiopia and Tanzania.

PubMed

Gass, Katherine M; Sime, Heven; Mwingira, Upendo J; Nshala, Andreas; Chikawe, Maria; Pelletreau, Sonia; Barbre, Kira A; Deming, Michael S; Rebollo, Maria P

2017-10-01

Endemicity mapping is required to determining whether a district requires mass drug administration (MDA). Current guidelines for mapping LF require that two sites be selected per district and within each site a convenience sample of 100 adults be tested for antigenemia or microfilaremia. One or more confirmed positive tests in either site is interpreted as an indicator of potential transmission, prompting MDA at the district-level. While this mapping strategy has worked well in high-prevalence settings, imperfect diagnostics and the transmission potential of a single positive adult have raised concerns about the strategy's use in low-prevalence settings. In response to these limitations, a statistically rigorous confirmatory mapping strategy was designed as a complement to the current strategy when LF endemicity is uncertain. Under the new strategy, schools are selected by either systematic or cluster sampling, depending on population size, and within each selected school, children 9-14 years are sampled systematically. All selected children are tested and the number of positive results is compared against a critical value to determine, with known probabilities of error, whether the average prevalence of LF infection is likely below a threshold of 2%. This confirmatory mapping strategy was applied to 45 districts in Ethiopia and 10 in Tanzania, where initial mapping results were considered uncertain. In 42 Ethiopian districts, and all 10 of the Tanzanian districts, the number of antigenemic children was below the critical cutoff, suggesting that these districts do not require MDA. Only three Ethiopian districts exceeded the critical cutoff of positive results. Whereas the current World Health Organization guidelines would have recommended MDA in all 55 districts, the present results suggest that only three of these districts requires MDA. By avoiding unnecessary MDA in 52 districts, the confirmatory mapping strategy is estimated to have saved a total of $9,293,219.

[Magnetic Responses of Heavy Metals in Street Dust of Typical Mine-Based City, Northwest China].

PubMed

Nie, Yan; Wang, Xin; Wang, Bo; Xu, Shu-jing; Gao, Fu-yuan; Yu, Ye; Xia, Dun-sheng; Xia, Xin-ming

2015-09-01

Magnetic characteristics and heavy metal properties of 43 street dust samples collected from Baiyin City, northwest of China were systematically analyzed. The results revealed that the main magnetic minerals were low-coercivity magnetite and maghemite with coarse pseudo single domain (PSD) and multi-domain (MD) in magnetic grain size. Compared with the domestic comprehensive cities, low frequency magnetic susceptibility(χlf) value of street dust samples in Binyin varied from 43. 75 x 10(-8) m3.kg-1 to 1 340. 08 x 10(-8) m3.kg-1 with the average value of 245. 98 x 10(-8) m3.kg-1, the magnetic mineral content in street dust samples of Binyin was low relatively, hut it varied among distinct districts with industrial district was the highest and the stripe traffic area was more higher than those of other regions(commercial district, new district). Different functional zones of Baiyin had a single pollution source relatively. Additionally, the contribution to strong magnetic minerals was predominated by industrial pollution and the distribution of pollution degrees in Bainyin showed a significant spatial difference. Concentrations of heavy metals(Cu, Pb, Zn) were generally high in Baiyin street dust. The significantly positive correlation between magnetic parameters(χlf, χARM, SIRM, SOFT) and pollution load index(PLI) and their consistent spatial characteristics confirm that magnetic concentration parameters can effectively monitor urban heavy metals pollution and determine the bounds and areas of pollution, providing a valuable tool for further urban pollution control.

Shallow subsurface structure estimated from dense aftershock records and microtremor observations in Furukawa district, Miyagi, Japan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goto, Hiroyuki; Mitsunaga, Hitoshi; Inatani, Masayuki; Iiyama, Kahori; Hada, Koji; Ikeda, Takaaki; Takaya, Toshiyasu; Kimura, Sayaka; Akiyama, Ryohei; Sawada, Sumio; Morikawa, Hitoshi

2017-11-01

We conducted single-site and array observations of microtremors in order to revise the shallow subsurface structure of the Furukawa district, Miyagi, Japan, where severe residential damage was reported during the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake of 2011, off the Pacific coast of Tohoku. The phase velocities of Rayleigh waves are estimated from array observations at three sites, and S-wave velocity models are established. The spatial distribution of predominant periods is estimated for the surface layer, on the basis of the spectral ratio of horizontal and vertical components (H/V) of microtremors obtained from single-site observations. We then compared ground motion records from a dense seismometer network with results of microtremor observations, and revised a model of the shallow (~100 m) subsurface structure in the Furukawa district. The model implies that slower near-surface S-wave velocity and deeper basement are to be found in the southern and eastern areas. It was found that the damage in residential structures was concentrated in an area where the average value for the transfer functions in the frequency range of 2 to 4 Hz was large.

Iodine deficiency in children: A comparative study in two districts of south-interior Karnataka, India.

PubMed

Ahmed, Mansoor; Zama, Syed Y; Nagarajarao, Vadiraja; Khan, Mudassir A

2014-01-01

Iodine is an essential component of the hormones produced by the thyroid gland that are essential for mammalian life. Although goiter is the most visible sequelae of iodine deficiency, the major impact of hypothyroidism as a result of iodine deficiency is impaired neurodevelopment, particularly early in life. According to the World Health Organization, it is the single most preventable cause of mental retardation and brain damage. The simplest, most effective and inexpensive preventive method is the consumption of iodized salt. The objective of the following study is to estimate the prevalence of goiter in children in the rural areas of Mysore and Coorg districts in India and estimate iodine levels in salt samples. A cross-sectional study in the age group of 6-12 years, using population proportionate to size systematic sampling method. The total sample size was 10,082: out of which 5337 was from Mysore and the rest from Coorg district. Clinical examination of the thyroid gland was done and salt samples collected for the estimation of Iodine. The total prevalence of goiter was 19.01% in children of 6-12 years in Coorg district and 8.77% in Mysore district and it was more in females than in males. It was observed that iodine deficiency disorders is endemic in both districts, with a prevalence of 19.01% in children aged 6-12 years in Coorg district and 8.77% in Mysore district. Analysis of salt samples suggested that most of the samples were inadequately iodised (73.92% in Coorg and 45.92% in Mysore).

Estimating Implementation and Operational Costs of an Integrated Tiered CD4 Service including Laboratory and Point of Care Testing in a Remote Health District in South Africa

PubMed Central

Cassim, Naseem; Coetzee, Lindi M.; Schnippel, Kathryn; Glencross, Deborah K.

2014-01-01

Background An integrated tiered service delivery model (ITSDM) has been proposed to provide ‘full-coverage’ of CD4 services throughout South Africa. Five tiers are described, defined by testing volumes and number of referring health-facilities. These include: (1) Tier-1/decentralized point-of-care service (POC) in a single site; Tier-2/POC-hub servicing processing <30–40 samples from 8–10 health-clinics; Tier-3/Community laboratories servicing ∼50 health-clinics, processing <150 samples/day; high-volume centralized laboratories (Tier-4 and Tier-5) processing <300 or >600 samples/day and serving >100 or >200 health-clinics, respectively. The objective of this study was to establish costs of existing and ITSDM-tiers 1, 2 and 3 in a remote, under-serviced district in South Africa. Methods Historical health-facility workload volumes from the Pixley-ka-Seme district, and the total volumes of CD4 tests performed by the adjacent district referral CD4 laboratories, linked to locations of all referring clinics and related laboratory-to-result turn-around time (LTR-TAT) data, were extracted from the NHLS Corporate-Data-Warehouse for the period April-2012 to March-2013. Tiers were costed separately (as a cost-per-result) including equipment, staffing, reagents and test consumable costs. A one-way sensitivity analyses provided for changes in reagent price, test volumes and personnel time. Results The lowest cost-per-result was noted for the existing laboratory-based Tiers- 4 and 5 ($6.24 and $5.37 respectively), but with related increased LTR-TAT of >24–48 hours. Full service coverage with TAT <6-hours could be achieved with placement of twenty-seven Tier-1/POC or eight Tier-2/POC-hubs, at a cost-per-result of $32.32 and $15.88 respectively. A single district Tier-3 laboratory also ensured ‘full service coverage’ and <24 hour LTR-TAT for the district at $7.42 per-test. Conclusion Implementing a single Tier-3/community laboratory to extend and improve delivery of services in Pixley-ka-Seme, with an estimated local ∼12–24-hour LTR-TAT, is ∼$2 more than existing referred services per-test, but 2–4 fold cheaper than implementing eight Tier-2/POC-hubs or providing twenty-seven Tier-1/POCT CD4 services. PMID:25517412

How Tweens View Single-Sex Classes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spielhagen, Frances R.

2006-01-01

Spielhagen reports on her interviews with students in Hudson Valley Middle School, a middle school in a rural district in upstate New York that has offered voluntary single-sex classes for three years. The 24 6th, 7th, and 8th graders whom she interviewed had chosen to take all-boy or all-girl academic classes for at least one year. All Hudson…

The Relationship between Correlates of Effective Schools and Social Emotional Learning within Single Gender Schools Serving Boys of Color

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Green, Curt R.

2013-01-01

Urban school districts throughout the United States are creating single gender classrooms or schools to improve student achievements for their lowest performing subgroups (Noguera, 2009). It is hoped that separating the sexes will improve domains such as discipline, attendance and academic performance, while decreasing the dropout rate. If single…

Digital Geography and the Race for the White House

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kenreich, Todd W.

2016-01-01

With the 2016 presidential election right around the corner, geography provides a dynamic view of the spatial patterns and processes that shape the electorate. The major presidential campaigns know that a winning strategy must use geography to make informed decisions about where to allocate limited resources such as money and staff. In the end,…

Outward Peace, Inward Pieces: A Case of the Effect of the Kenya Post-Election Violence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ochieng', Josephine Atieno

2010-01-01

In December 2007, unprecedented violence erupted in Kenya following the announcement of disputed presidential election results. The electorate was divided along ethnic lines and tribal clashes bordering on ethnic cleansing escalated. Those supporting opposing camps found themselves on the wrong side of the political divide leading to killings,…

School Board Women and Active Citizenship in Scotland, 1873-1919

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McDermid, Jane

2009-01-01

Although the number of women who served on Scotland's school boards (1873-1918) was not large, they made the case for female representation on public bodies both through their electoral campaigns and their record of office. Many were simultaneously active on parish and town councils and in feminist causes, with a few in the labour movement from…

"Win with Katie McGee": The First Governor of Girls' State Looks Back.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harsh, Sarah Wilmoth

2003-01-01

Rhododendron Girls' State, a 5-day West Virginia citizenship and leadership program, offers female high school students the opportunity to directly experience the campaign and electoral process. Katie McGee White discusses her experiences as the first Girls' State governor in 1941, her love of politics, and how she encouraged her students to be…

Making Politics Personal: Leadership Programs as a Tool for Developing Political Interest and Efficacy in Young Women

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stock, Dayna M.

2012-01-01

Encouraging young women to pursue careers in electoral politics is seen as one strategy for ameliorating the gender disparity that has characterized American political institutions for decades. This multi-method project focuses on outcomes obtained by participants in four "NEW Leadership(TM)" Training Institutes that claim to…

Generic Qualitative Study: The Lived Experiences of Adults Learning to Engage Civically in Rural Communities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bahr, Malissa J.

2017-01-01

America's democracy is dependent on citizens to engage in ways that address public concerns which range from volunteerism to electoral participation to running for elected offices. Each of these activities is necessary for sustaining a thriving democracy and the communities within it. Rural communities throughout the United States are faced with…

Electing the President: The Electoral Process in Action.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

See, Betty M.

Electing the U.S. President and Vice President is a basic right and responsibility of every citizen of voting age. Even though it occurs every 4 years, the complexities of electing the president is not a concept that every person understands. This resource book aims to fill the gap in understanding by providing students with a learning-by-doing…

Nonverbal Messages in Televised Presidential Political Advertising--Pragmatic Politics with Electoral Benefits.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Conti, Delia B.

Television politics, emphasizing emotions over rational decision making, has been accused of warping the political process, especially in the election of the president. In the incomplete medium--the collection of dots--that is television, the viewer completes the circle of communication, filling in the image with his or her own attitudes. The…

The Effect of a Solar Proton Event on the Minor Neutral Constituents of the Summer Polar Mesosphere

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-08-01

1381-1396. 12. Porter, H. S., C. H. Jackman , and A. E. S. Green, 1976, "Efficiencies for Production of Atomic Nitrogen and Oxygen in Relativistic...20550 CPT Hugh Albers, Exec Sec Interdept Committee on Atmos Science National Science Foundation Washington, DC 20550 elector. Systems R&D Service

The National Interests of Singapore: A Background Study for United States Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-12-01

this as an electoral 3,lbid, pp. 313-4. 29b -care tactic, outlining all manner ot disaster that might be evpected should a freak election result in an...D E F N\\ S E ......................................................................................................- 22 _. Results ofthe 25 Year...3 0 9 2. Government Incentive Programs ...................................................... 312 3. Results of Incentive

One Man One Vote: Trust between the Electorate, the Establishment, and Voting Technology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robertson, Laurie

2006-01-01

Historically any U.S. voting technology is burdened from its very inception with the expectation of technologically ensuring voting integrity. Voting is an officially sanctioned social activity/ritual in a technologically-focused nation, so U.S. voters arrive at the polls expecting that voting technology will ensure that their vote "counts. But no…

The Devolution of 20th Century Presidential Campaign Rhetoric: A Call for "Rhetorical Service."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heinemann, Robert L.

Over the course of the 20th century, American Presidential campaign rhetoric has undergone various metamorphoses. Most of these changes can be traced to developments in technology and media. Furthermore, many of these changes have had the unfortunate effect of undermining a rational choice of the electorate, and thus threaten our democracy. Like…

Union Membership and Political Participation in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kerrissey, Jasmine; Schofer, Evan

2013-01-01

This article examines the effect of union membership on civic and political participation in the late 20th century in the United States. We discuss why and how unions seek to mobilize their members and where mobilization is channeled. We argue that union membership affects electoral and collective action outcomes and will be larger for low…

For Many Students, Electoral Enthusiasm Runs up against Barriers to Voting

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lipka, Sara

2008-01-01

Stories of transient students missing deadlines or being misled about their voting rights are nothing new. But this year, the role younger voters played in Barack Obama's win in Iowa's Democratic presidential primary seems to have motivated a wave of college students in other states. Some of those students--and the campaigns courting them--are out…

Electronic Politics and the Voter: Conventional Wisdom and Empirical Evidence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Atkin, Charles K.; And Others

The effects of spot television commercials during political campaigns were studied. A telephone survey was conducted to see what effect such commercials had on voters in the 1970 Wisconsin and Colorado gubernatorial elections. The results showed that this approach is the most efficient way of reaching a vast majority of the electorate, although it…

Russian Electoral Politics and the Search for National Identity.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ishiyama, John T.; Launer, Michael K.; Likhachova, Irina E.; Williams, David Cratis; Young, Marilyn J.

1997-01-01

Explores the role of national identity formation in the democratization of the Russian Federation, analyzing arguments of the 1993 and 1995 Duma elections and the 1996 Russian presidential campaign. Contends results of these elections say more about the search for Russian identity in the wake of social and economic change than they do about the…

Strong Numbers and Weak Perceptions: Understanding the "Rodney Dangerfield Economy"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wood, William C.

2006-01-01

Ordinary citizens, politicians, and economists alike regularly ask how the economy is doing. With a highly polarized electorate and media to match, it has become harder to get an honest answer. Social educators should understand the complexity of such a question--and the subtlety of the answers--as they approach the topic themselves. The American…

"Boss of the United States" Kindergarteners' Concept of Voting: Five Scaffolded Lessons that Build Understanding

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mulrey, Betty C.; Ackerman, Ann T.; Howson, Patricia H.

2012-01-01

In any U.S. presidential election year, classroom teachers integrate lessons into their curriculum that help students understand their privileges, responsibilities, and rights as good citizens. Teaching about the electoral process and voting in primary classrooms is one way to build a foundation that promotes civic engagement. In this article, the…

A Presidential Election Simulation: Creating a School-Wide Interdisciplinary Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Joyce, Helen M.

2008-01-01

Given the low turnout among younger voters, it is important to seek innovative ways of engaging students in the electoral process, and a presidential year like this one offers exciting opportunities for doing so. In this article, the author describes her experiences with a schoolwide project designed by herself and colleagues that simulates the…

Canada Votes: How We Elect Our Government. Second Revised Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Granfield, Linda

This information book provides a student text on voting procedures in Canada. The short sections provide easy reading on the federal electoral process in Canada. Students read about who can vote, how and when women and minorities won voting rights, the different parties, the voting process --both present and past, and election day happenings.…

The Equity Effects of Restraints on Taxing and Spending.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Menchik, Mark David; Pascal, Anthony H.

The passage of California's Proposition 13 is the best known incident in the process that can be labeled "fiscal containment." This process, resulting from a shift in the mood and the demands of the entire nation's electorate, involves a moderation of rapid growth in government and means a less prominent role for government in the…

Teaching about the 2012 Elections Using the Internet--Part 2

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Risinger, C. Frederick

2012-01-01

In the previous issue of "Social Education," this column looked at the upcoming elections from a more general point of view and recommended websites that examined presidential election history, voting laws, and the origins of the Electoral College and how it works. In this column, the author focuses specifically on this year's presidential battle…

The Hawke Labor Government and Public-Private School Funding Policies in Australia, 1983-1986.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smart, Don

Australia's Hawke Labor Government, elected in 1983, reflects the politics of electoral pragmatism and consensus rather than those of idealism and reform. This paper explores the often conservative and pragmatic policies adopted in the schools area by the Hawke Government and seeks to explain the economic, social, and political factors underlying…

Improving Student Assessments of Elections: The Use of Information Literacy and a Course-Embedded Librarian

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Booke, Paula; Wiebe, Todd J.

2017-01-01

The study of U.S. elections as a part of introductory political science courses has become an increasingly difficult endeavour as students encounter the ever-changing landscape of electoral politics. Instructors seeking to equip students with the skills needed to navigate this complex terrain may look for partnerships with library faculty and…

Guatemalan Counterinsurgency Strategy

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-04-07

Institucional 84 Campaign Plan . 25 Estabilidad Nacional 85 Campaign Plan. .... 26 IV. CONCLUSIONS ........ .................. 29 V. THE FUTURE...troops, the Civilian Population and a program of information for the country’s and international media. 24 3. Reencuentro Institucional 84 Campaian...Plan Reencuentro Institucional objectives were: o To implement electoral laws and the election of the Constituent Assembly. o To develop reconstruction

"Elections" or "Selections"? Blogging and Twittering the Nigerian 2007 General Elections

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ifukor, Presley

2010-01-01

This article examines the linguistic construction of textual messages in the use of blogs and Twitter in the Nigerian 2007 electoral cycle comprising the April 2007 general elections and rerun elections in April, May, and August 2009. A qualitative approach of discourse analysis is used to present a variety of discursive acts that blogging and…

Closest Presidential Race Ever...Or Is It?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Constitutional Rights Foundation, Los Angeles, CA.

All evening on election night 2000, candidates George W. Bush and Al Gore were deadlocked in the tightest-ever race for the office of President of the United States. As the numbers were reported from each state, the battle for votes in the electoral college swung back and forth from Republicans to Democrats. The next morning, the issue was still…

A study of forest fire danger district division in Lushan Mountain based on RS and GIS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiao, Jinxiang; Huang, Shu-E.; Zhong, Anjian; Zhu, Biqin; Ye, Qing; Sun, Lijun

2009-09-01

The study selected 9 factors, average maximum temperature, average temperature, average precipitation, average the longest days of continuous drought and average wind speed during fire prevention period, vegetation type, altitude, slope and aspect as the index of forest fire danger district division, which has taken the features of Lushan Mountain's forest fire history into consideration, then assigned subjective weights to each factor according to their sensitivity to fire or their fire-inducing capability. By remote sensing and GIS, vegetation information layer were gotten from Landsat TM image and DEM with a scale of 1:50000 was abstracted from the digital scanned relief map. Topography info. (elevation, slope, aspect) layers could be gotten after that. A climate resource databank that contained the data from the stations of Lushan Mountain and other nearby 7 stations was built up and extrapolated through the way of grid extrapolation in order to make the distribution map of climate resource. Finally synthetical district division maps were made by weighing and integrating all the single factor special layers,and the study area were divided into three forest fire danger district, include special fire danger district, I-fire danger district and II-fire danger district. It could be used as a basis for developing a forest fire prevention system, preparing the annual investment plan, allocating reasonably the investment of fire prevention, developing the program of forest fire prevention and handle, setting up forest fire brigade, leaders' decisions on forest fire prevention work.

Development of Geospatial Map Based Election Portal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gupta, A. Kumar Chandra; Kumar, P.; Vasanth Kumar, N.

2014-11-01

The Geospatial Delhi Limited (GSDL), a Govt. of NCT of Delhi Company formed in order to provide the geospatial information of National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCTD) to the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (GNCTD) and its organs such as DDA, MCD, DJB, State Election Department, DMRC etc., for the benefit of all citizens of Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (GNCTD). This paper describes the development of Geospatial Map based Election portal (GMEP) of NCT of Delhi. The portal has been developed as a map based spatial decision support system (SDSS) for pertain to planning and management of Department of Chief Electoral Officer, and as an election related information searching tools (Polling Station, Assembly and parliamentary constituency etc.,) for the citizens of NCTD. The GMEP is based on Client-Server architecture model. It has been developed using ArcGIS Server 10.0 with J2EE front-end on Microsoft Windows environment. The GMEP is scalable to enterprise SDSS with enterprise Geo Database & Virtual Private Network (VPN) connectivity. Spatial data to GMEP includes delimited precinct area boundaries of Voters Area of Polling stations, Assembly Constituency, Parliamentary Constituency, Election District, Landmark locations of Polling Stations & basic amenities (Police Stations, Hospitals, Schools and Fire Stations etc.). GMEP could help achieve not only the desired transparency and easiness in planning process but also facilitates through efficient & effective tools for management of elections. It enables a faster response to the changing ground realities in the development planning, owing to its in-built scientific approach and open-ended design.

How does single party dominance influence civil society organisations’ engagement strategies? Exploratory analysis of participative mainstreaming in a ‘regional’ European polity

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

A raft of United Nations Treaties, European Union Directives and domestic laws oblige governments in 180 + countries to apply the Participative Democratic Model of mainstreaming equalities to public administration by involving those targeted by equality initiatives at all stages in their design and delivery. Notwithstanding Participative Democratic Model’s deeply political nature, extant work has overlooked how governing party turnover influences civil society organisations’ (CSOs) strategies. Here, this lacuna is addressed using a negative ‘extreme case study’ research design involving qualitative accounts from civil society organisations in Wales, a ‘regional’ European polity characterised by one-party dominance. The findings reveal how the absence of turnover distorts the Participative Democratic Model in relation to diverse factors including: strategic bridging, extraparliamentary politics, cognitive locks and party institutionalisation. Inter alia, the wider contribution of this analysis lies in showing the importance of turnover to effective engagement, the ‘pathologies’ associated with one-party dominance and the need for adaptive civil society strategies tailored to prevailing electoral politics and governing party turnover in liberal democracies. PMID:28596639

How does single party dominance influence civil society organisations' engagement strategies? Exploratory analysis of participative mainstreaming in a 'regional' European polity.

PubMed

Chaney, Paul

2016-04-01

A raft of United Nations Treaties, European Union Directives and domestic laws oblige governments in 180 + countries to apply the Participative Democratic Model of mainstreaming equalities to public administration by involving those targeted by equality initiatives at all stages in their design and delivery. Notwithstanding Participative Democratic Model's deeply political nature, extant work has overlooked how governing party turnover influences civil society organisations' (CSOs) strategies. Here, this lacuna is addressed using a negative 'extreme case study' research design involving qualitative accounts from civil society organisations in Wales, a 'regional' European polity characterised by one-party dominance. The findings reveal how the absence of turnover distorts the Participative Democratic Model in relation to diverse factors including: strategic bridging, extraparliamentary politics, cognitive locks and party institutionalisation. Inter alia, the wider contribution of this analysis lies in showing the importance of turnover to effective engagement, the 'pathologies' associated with one-party dominance and the need for adaptive civil society strategies tailored to prevailing electoral politics and governing party turnover in liberal democracies.

Single Project Replaces District's Windows.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1981

1981-01-01

The towns of Maplewood and South Orange (New Jersey) earmarked over $1 million, raised from a bond issue, to replace with thermal aluminum-framed units the 2400 worn out windows in eight 50-year-old schools. (Author)

Foaming phenomenon in bench-scale anaerobic digesters.

PubMed

Siebels, Amanda M; Long, Sharon C

2013-04-01

The Madison Metropolitan Sewerage District (The District) in Madison, Wisconsin has been experiencing seasonal foaming in their anaerobic biosolids digesters, which has occurred from mid-November to late June for the past few years. The exact cause(s) of foaming is unknown. Previous research findings are unclear as to whether applications of advanced anaerobic digestion processes reduce the foaming potential of digesters. The object of this study was to investigate how configurations of thermophilic and acid phase-thermophilic anaerobic digestion would affect foaming at the bench-scale level compared to single stage mesophilic digestion for The District. Bench-scale anaerobic digesters were fed with a 4 to 4.5% by dry weight of solids content blend of waste activated sludge (WAS) and primary sludge from The District. Foaming potential was monitored using Alka-Seltzer and aeration foaming tests. The bench-scale acid phase-thermophilic digester had a higher foaming potential than the bench-scale mesophilic digester. These results indicate that higher temperatures increase the foaming potential of the bench-scale anaerobic digesters. The bench-scale acid phase-thermophilic digesters had a greater percent (approximately 5 to 10%) volatile solids destruction and a greater percent (approximately 5 to 10%) total solids destruction when compared to the bench-scale mesophilic digester. Overall, for the full-scale foaming experienced by The District, it appears that adding an acid phase or switching to thermophilic digestion would not alleviate The District's foaming issues.

Surface Grinder Operator. Instructor's Guide. Part of Single-Tool Skills Program. Machine Industries Occupations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York State Education Dept., Albany. Bureau of Secondary Curriculum Development.

This course, the second one to be published in what is expected to be a series of instructor's guides in the Single-Tool Skills Program, is expected to help meet the need for trained operators in metalworking and is designed for use in the adult education programs of school districts, in Manpower Development and Training Programs, and in secondary…

Changing Patterns in Illinois' School Tort Immunity.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gardner, Shelley B.

1979-01-01

It appears that Illinois law no longer grants full parental immunity to school districts and their employees. Available from IIT/Chicago-Kent College of Law, 77 South Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL 60606; single copies $5.00. (Author)

Politics Can Limit Policy Opportunism in Fiscal Institutions: Evidence from Official General Fund Revenue Forecasts in the American States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krause, George A.; Lewis, David E.; Douglas, James W.

2013-01-01

Governments make policy decisions in the same areas in quite different institutions. Some assign policymaking responsibility to institutions designed to be insulated from myopic partisan and electoral pressures and others do not. In this study, we claim that differences in political context and institutional design constrain the policy choices…

Brown-Utility Heuristic? The Presence and Contributing Factors of Latino Linked Fate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sanchez, Gabriel R.; Masuoka, Natalie

2010-01-01

In an electoral system governed by the plurality rule, those groups who wield the greatest amount of power in the United States are those who vote as a cohesive bloc. Although the size of the Latino population is growing, it is unclear whether all Latinos perceive a shared collective identity that will be exercised in the political realm. This…

Democracy and Education Spending: Has Africa's Move to Multiparty Elections Made a Difference for Policy?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stasavage, David

While it is widely recognized that electoral competition can have a major influence on public spending decisions, there has been little effort to consider whether the move to multiparty elections in African countries in recent years has led to a redistribution of public expenditures among social groups. This is a question relevant for debates…

Using Elections as Teachable Moments: A Randomized Evaluation of the Student Voices Civic Education Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Syvertsen, Amy K.; Stout, Michael D.; Flanagan, Constance A.

2009-01-01

The recommitment of public education to its civic roots has revived discussion on how to engage younger generations of citizens in electoral politics and civic life. This randomized trial of 1,670 high school students in 80 social studies classrooms evaluates the impact of an election-based civics program on students' civic knowledge, skills, and…

The Rebellion of Enlisted Personnel and Democratization in Malawi

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

presidentialism” in Africa )3 to push for free and fair democratic elections. D. METHODS AND SOURCES For this research, process tracing was conducted to...3 Michael Bratton and Nicolas van de Walle, Democratic Experiments in Africa : Regime Transitions in Comparative Perspective...Nandini Patel, “Political Parties: Development and Change in Malawi,” Electoral Institute of Southern Africa Research Report 21 (Johannesburg: EISA

U.S. Democratization Strategy: Origins and Obstacles

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-01

war was destroying Europe and Wilson’s non-intervention had won favor with the U.S. electorate, unwilling to partake in what Zara Steiner has aptly...33 Stanley Weintraub, Silent Night (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2001), p. 167. 34 Zara Steiner, The...Platter (Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001). Steiner, Zara , The Lights that Failed: European International History

Euro-Philiacs, Euro-Sceptics and Europhobics: Higher Education Policy, Values and Institutional Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neave, Guy

2005-01-01

The European higher education landscape is inhabited by three clans: the Euro-philiac, his wicked twin, the Euro-phobic and most interesting of all, the Euro-sceptic. This unholy trinity has long been with us. Though the recent Euro electoral fiasco has in all probability served to bolster the ranks of the second and third tribes.

Seeing Is Believing: The Strategy behind Campaign Imagery and Its Impact on Voters

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Swigger, Nathaniel

2009-01-01

As television ads have become the primary tool of communication in American campaigns, research on campaign effects has focused more and more attention on how these ads influence the electorate. Little attention has been paid, however, to the visual content of these ads. Despite a format that delivers an enormous quantity of visual information,…

The Comedy Campaign: The Growing Influence of Humor in Presidential Elections. A Uses and Gratifications Approach.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Laura K.

In the year 2000, news and entertainment programs dedicated a great deal of comedic attention to the presidential election. Taking a Uses and Gratifications approach, this paper examines the role of comedy among the young electorate (undergraduate students at a Texas university). It concludes comedic programs, while popular, are among many sources…

Dietary assessment of a population of pregnant women in Sheffield, UK.

PubMed

Mouratidou, Theodora; Ford, Fiona; Prountzou, Foteini; Fraser, Robert

2006-11-01

The present study examined the dietary intakes of a population of pregnant women living in the North of England. The objectives of the paper were to assess and describe the dietary intakes of the population and relate the findings to existing data on the diet of pregnant and non-pregnant women in the UK. A total of 250 pregnant women attending their first antenatal appointment at the Jessop Wing Hospital, Sheffield, UK were recruited. Information on their diet was assessed by an interviewer-administered semi-quantified food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The mean intakes as assessed by the FFQ were similar to other studies of UK pregnant population; however Sheffield pregnant women had lower intakes of calcium and folate. Study findings were also related to the National Diet and Nutrition Survey and to the Estimated Nutrient Intakes (EAR). Of the study participants, 40 % did not meet the EAR for calcium, 67 % for iron and 69 % for folate. Subgroup comparisons suggested lower nutrient intakes of participants living in the 40 % most deprived electoral wards. The study findings suggest that the diet of pregnant women in Sheffield is characterised by low intakes of important nutrients for pregnancy such as folate and nutrient variations by electoral wards.

Dublin and Irish politics in the age of Charles Lucas.

PubMed

Hill, J

2015-09-01

In addition to his contributions to medicine, Charles Lucas had a long career in politics, starting in the 1740s as a guild representative on the lower house of Dublin corporation, and culminating in his election to the Irish House of Commons in 1761. By examining the background in Dublin and Irish politics, this paper explores Lucas' impact on the electorate, and how it was that he was able to win a parliamentary seat in Dublin and retain it for a decade while he campaigned in support of a range of important Patriot issues. Lucas had none of the qualifications that would normally be required for a successful politician. His father held some land, but as a younger son who had to make a living, Charles was apprenticed to a Dublin apothecary. Nor did he have the political connections that might have compensated for a lack of land, wealth, or status. But Lucas possessed other advantages, notably an education that enabled him to read the city's medieval charters, identifying areas where the Dublin freemen had lost 'ancient rights', and some experience of publishing, so that he could appeal to the electorate. Lucas' remarkable political success stemmed from both local circumstances and his own personal qualities.

Polling the face: prediction and consensus across cultures.

PubMed

Rule, Nicholas O; Ambady, Nalini; Adams, Reginald B; Ozono, Hiroki; Nakashima, Satoshi; Yoshikawa, Sakiko; Watabe, Motoki

2010-01-01

Previous work has shown that individuals agree across cultures on the traits that they infer from faces. Previous work has also shown that inferences from faces can be predictive of important outcomes within cultures. The current research merges these two lines of work. In a series of cross-cultural studies, the authors asked American and Japanese participants to provide naïve inferences of traits from the faces of U.S. political candidates (Studies 1 and 3) and Japanese political candidates (Studies 2 and 4). Perceivers showed high agreement in their ratings of the faces, regardless of culture, and both sets of judgments were predictive of an important ecological outcome (the percentage of votes that each candidate received in the actual election). The traits predicting electoral success differed, however, depending on the targets' culture. Thus, when American and Japanese participants were asked to provide explicit inferences of how likely each candidate would be to win an election (Studies 3-4), judgments were predictive only for same-culture candidates. Attempts to infer the electoral success for the foreign culture showed evidence of self-projection. Therefore, perceivers can reliably infer predictive information from faces but require knowledge about the target's culture to make these predictions accurately.

AIDS, policy analysis, and the electorate: the role of schools of public health.

PubMed Central

Krieger, N; Lashof, J C

1988-01-01

Current debates concerning appropriate policy to combat the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have raised critical questions regarding the role that schools of public health and individual public health professionals should play, if any, in AIDS-related policy analysis and social advocacy. In the summer of 1986, the School of Public Health at the University of California at Berkeley initiated a telegram sent by the Deans of all 23 schools of public health to protest US Department of Justice AIDS policy and, in the subsequent fall, the school expanded its public educational role in an unprecedented manner by initiating and issuing, with California's other three schools of public health, a policy analysis of Proposition 64, the LaRouche AIDS Quarantine Initiative. That analysis exposed the proposition's fallacious claims regarding casual transmission of AIDS and served to educate the electorate on the likely public health impact of this deleterious legislation. Based on these experiences, and in light of ongoing national controversy regarding AIDS, we believe schools of public health have an important role to play in policy analysis, and individual public health professionals have a role to play in social advocacy. PMID:3348472

Moorhead district heating, phase 2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sundberg, R. E.

1981-01-01

The feasibility of developing a demonstration cogeneration hot water district heating system was studied. The district heating system would use coal and cogenerated heat from the Moorhead power plant to heat the water that would be distributed through underground pipes to customers or their space and domestic water heating needs, serving a substantial portion of the commercial and institutional loads as well as single and multiple family residences near the distribution lines. The technical feasibility effort considered the distribution network, retrofit of the power plant, and conversion of heating systems in customers' buildings to use hot water from the system. The system would be developed over six years. The economic analysis consisted of a market assessment and development of business plans for construction and operation of the system. Rate design methodology, institutional issues, development risk, and the proposal for implementation are discussed.

Fast Food Can Be Profitable

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frederick, Len

1978-01-01

The Clark County School District of Las Vegas, Nevada, has increased student participation in the school lunch program, and makes a profit. Available from Educational Economics, Capla Associates, 18 Overlook Avenue, Rochelle Park, N.J. 07662; Single copy $2.50. (Author/MLF)

Common Enrollment, Parents, and School Choice: Early Evidence from Denver and New Orleans. Making School Choice Work Series

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gross, Betheny; DeArmond, Michael; Denice, Patrick

2015-01-01

A number of cities across the country are trying to make school choice work better for families by adopting new systems and policies that cover both district and charter schools. The common enrollment system is a promising new development that allows families to fill out a single application with a single deadline for any and all schools they wish…

Energy Security and Climate Change Policy in the OECD: The Political Economy of Carbon-Energy Taxation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lachapelle, Erick

Why do countries tax the same fuels at widely different rates, even among similarly situated countries in the global political economy? Given the potentially destabilizing effects of climate change, and the political and economic risks associated with a reliance on geographically concentrated, finite fossil fuels, International Organizations and economists of all political stripes have consistently called for increasing tax rates on fossil-based energy. Despite much enthusiasm among policy experts, however, politicians concerned with distributional consequences, economic performance and competitiveness impacts continue to be wary of raising taxes on carbon-based fuels. In this context, this thesis investigates the political economy of tax rates affecting the price of fossil fuels in advanced capitalist democracies. Through an examination of the political limits of government capacity to implement stricter carbon-energy policy, as well as the identification of the correlates of higher carbon-based energy taxes, it throws new light on the conditions under which carbon-energy tax reform becomes politically possible. Based on recent data collected from the OECD, EEA and IEA, I develop an estimate of the relative size of implicit carbon taxes across OECD member countries on six carbon-based fuels and across the household and industrial sectors. I exploit large cross-national differences in these carbon-energy tax rates in order to identify the correlates of, and constraints on, carbon-energy tax reform. Applying multiple regression analysis to both cross-section and time-series cross-sectional (TSCS) data, this thesis leverages considerable empirical evidence to demonstrate how and why electoral systems matter for energy and environmental tax policy outcomes. In particular, I find considerable empirical evidence to support the claim that systems of proportional representation (PR), in addition to the partisan preferences of the electorate, work together to explain differential rates of carbon-energy taxation. By opening up the ideological space to a broader spectrum of "green" parties, I argue that PR systems create a favourable institutional context within which higher rates of carbon-energy taxation become politically possible. After specifying a key causal mechanism within different types of electoral systems -- the seat-vote elasticity -- I argue further that, voters in disproportional systems actually have more leverage over politicians, and that an increase in environmental voting can have an impact on rates of carbon energy taxation, even in the absence of PR. While the accession to power of green political parties in PR systems is more likely to lead to higher rates of carbon energy taxation, voting for green parties in highly disproportional systems creates incentives for other parties to adopt "green" policies, leading to a similar outcome. In this way, the effect of green votes and green seats will have the opposite effect on policy according to the type of electoral system in use.

Income inequality and depressive symptoms in South Africa: A longitudinal analysis of the National Income Dynamics Study.

PubMed

Adjaye-Gbewonyo, Kafui; Avendano, Mauricio; Subramanian, S V; Kawachi, Ichiro

2016-11-01

Research suggests that income inequality may detrimentally affect mental health. We examined the relationship between district-level income inequality and depressive symptoms among individuals in South Africa-one of the most unequal countries in the world-using longitudinal data from Wave 1 (2008) and Wave 3 (2012) of the National Income Dynamics Study. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies of Depression Short Form while district Gini coefficients were estimated from census and survey sources. Age, African population group, being single, being female, and having lower household income were independently associated with higher depressive symptoms. However, in longitudinal, fixed-effects regression models controlling for several factors, district-level Gini coefficients were not significantly associated with depressive symptoms scores. Our results do not support the hypothesis of a causal link between income inequality and depressive symptoms in the short-run. Possible explanations include the high underlying levels of inequality in all districts, or potential lags in the effect of inequality on depression. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Measurement of health system performance at district level: A study protocol.

PubMed

Sharma, Atul; Prinja, Shankar; Aggarwal, Arun Kumar

2017-12-13

Limited efforts have been observed in low and middle income countries to undertake health system performance assessment at district level. Absence of a comprehensive data collection tool and lack of a standardised single summary measure defining overall performance are some of the main problems. Present study has been undertaken to develop a summary composite health system performance index at district level. A broad range of indicators covering all six domains as per building block framework were finalized by an expert panel. The domains were classified into twenty sub-domains, with 70 input and process indicators to measure performance. Seven sub-domains for assessing health system outputs and outcomes were identified, with a total of 28 indicators. Districts in Haryana state from north India were selected for the study. Primary and secondary data will be collected from 378 health facilities, district and state health directorate headquarters. Indicators will be normalized, aggregated to generate composite performance index at district level. Domain specific scores will present the quality of individual building block domains in the public health system. Robustness of the results will be checked using sensitivity analysis. The study presents a methodology for comprehensive assessment of all health system domains on basis of input, process, output and outcome indicators which has never been reported from India. Generation of this index will help identify policy and implementation areas of concern and point towards potential solutions. Results may also help understand relationships between individual building blocks and their sub-components.

Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-10-03

unemployment , high underemployment, and a large fiscal deficit. Small scale protests in Jordan have become a regular occurrence, not only in the...attempted to appear responsive to calls for change by replacing ministers,1 amending the constitution and electoral law, and raising public sector ...estate sectors are dominated by families of Palestinian origin who have an economic stake in the current order. Other former Palestinian refugees have

Kuwait: Security, Reform, and U.S. Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-02-08

enshrines the hereditary monarchy, there has been progress over the past two decades in extending the franchise for the National Assembly and other...elected positions (such as the Kuwait City municipal council). The extent of the franchise has been a closely watched indicator of Kuwait’s political...liberalization. The government has expanded the electorate gradually, first by extending the franchise to sons of naturalized Kuwaitis and Kuwaitis

CTC Sentinel, Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2016

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-01-01

malaise that ultimately underpins the jihad. The combination of unemployment, underemployment, corrup- tion, crumbling infrastructure, environmental ...Commons. It’s the second time we’ve tried to legislate on this issue. The legislation was not passed in the previous parliament. And obviously we’re...Lebanon as the main political winner, effectively countering the pro-Saudi March 14 coalition. Hezbollah has been pushing new electoral legislation

The Soviet Union and the Socialist and Social Democratic Parties of Western Europe.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-02-01

British forces, Craxi stated, "Those missiles are not on the moon," Corriere della Sera, May 30, 1985. • 7 .- P.- N" It.- ’j -9.’-V 1.r". k7 17- -. W...Party (PIP) Progressive Labor Party of St. Lucia (PLP) People’s Electoral Movement (MEP), Venezuela Consultative Parties-in-Exile Bulgarian Social

School Food Politics: The Complex Ecology of Hunger and Feeding in Schools around the World. Global Studies in Education, Volume 6

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robert, Sarah A., Ed.; Weaver-Hightower, Marcus B., Ed.

2011-01-01

The essays in "School Food Politics" explore the intersections of food and politics on all six of the inhabited continents of the world. Including electoral fights over universally free school meals in Korea, nutritional reforms to school dinners in England and canteens in Australia, teachers' and doctors' work on school feeding in…

75 FR 17996 - Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA) Request for Grant Proposals: Trans-Saharan...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-08

... professional development through three- to four-week study tours and internships in the U.S.; (2) to provide U... of U.S. Studies and Overseas Programs. The recipient of this award will conduct a second round of U.S... come to the U.S. for 3-4 weeks of study of electoral processes, the role of media and citizens...

Venezuela: Background and U.S. Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-08-22

opposition challenges on August 7 and criticized them for being “insulting” and “disrespectful” of the court and other institutions . 25 While the Supreme ...unrest and a government commitment to fill senior vacancies in such institutions as the National Electoral Council and the Supreme Court with...preventing four MUD representatives from taking office (denying the opposition a supermajority) and using the Supreme Court to block bills approved

United Nations Peacekeeping Operations: Challenges and Opportunities

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-27

close the gap between aspiration and performance…makes the difference between civilisation and chaos” AND OPPORTUNITIES - Dag Hammarskjöld...usual lists of their tasks range from electoral supervision, human rights monitoring, civilian protection, assisting the delivery of humanitarian relief...put a strain on the human and material resources available for the protection of civilians.22 in 2009 the New Horizons report commented: “[t]he

Senegal: Background and U.S. Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-25

Economic Sectors: fishing, tourism , groundnuts (peanuts), phosphates, cotton Ethnic Groups: Wolof 43.3%, Fulbe 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka...convinced some observers that the electoral system retained a potential for fairness. Concerns Over Political Trends Following his election in 2000...and claimed he was therefore entitled to a 35% cut of future related tourism revenues. The statue, reportedly partly financed by North Korea, was

Assessing the Relationship between Community Education, Political Efficacy and Electoral Participation: A Case Study of the Asylum Seeking Community in Cork

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harris, Clodagh; Murphy, Philip

2012-01-01

This paper assesses the relationship between community education and internal political efficacy. In particular it examines the association between voter/civic programmes run in advance of the 2009 local elections in Ireland and internal political efficacy amongst the asylum seeking community in Cork. A survey is used to test this relationship.…

Governmental Use of Cartoons in Chile as a Means of Informing and Persuading Voters.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schnell, Jim

In an electoral process in 1988 and 1989, voters replaced General Augusto Pinochet as leader of Chile. The use of political cartoons by both pro- and anti-Pinochet forces is explored in this paper. Cartoons have long been recognized as a form of mass communication. In the Chilean elections cartoons played an important role in the battle for the…

Political Reform, Socio-Religious Change, and Stability in the African Sahel

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-08

influencing the capacity of Sahelian states to manage these pressures, and to maintain stability and ensure the social order and effective governance that...in preparation for fieldwork, involved substantial documentary research and the preparation of background papers on each country; regularly weekly...dimensions of elections and electoral management in each of the six countries. This material was initially generated building on our State

Evaluation of the isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) program in Shurugwi District, Midlands Province, Zimbabwe, January 2013 to August 2014.

PubMed

Makoni, Annamercy; Chemhuru, Milton; Tshimanga, Mufuta; Gombe, Notion Tafara; Mungati, More; Bangure, Donewell

2015-09-25

Midlands Province started implementing the Isoniazid (INH) preventive therapy (IPT) program in January 2013. Shurugwi and Gokwe North were the piloting district hospitals. In May 2014, four more districts hospitals (Gokwe South, Gweru, Kwekwe and Zvishavane) started implementing IPT. Shurugwi District decentralized the program to its rural health facilities in January 2014. A review of the Shurugwi IPT program, 2013 data, indicated that the majority of eligible clients were not started on IPT. None out of the 400 eligible clients were started on IPT in November against the 100% target according to the World Health Organization and the National Tuberculosis (TB) Program. We conducted a study to evaluate the IPT program in Shurugwi District from January 2013 to August 2014. The logical framework approach was used to evaluate inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes of the IPT program. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data from key informants. Checklists were used to collect data from IPT program records. Sixteen health facilities were implementing IPT in Shurugwi District. All the facilities had TB screening tools and three did not have TB screening algorithms. The district experienced medicine stock outs in 2013. One formal training at district level and on job trainings in implementing health facilities were done. From January 2013 to August 2014, Shurugwi District screened 6794 antiretroviral (ART) clients for TB. Out of those screened, 5255 were eligible for IPT and 2831 (54%) were started on IPT. A total of 700 clients had completed the IPT 6 month's course by August 2014. The dropout rate due to INH toxicity and TB was 0.6% (n = 18) and 0.3% (n = 8) respectively. Fifty-three advocacy and community sensitization meetings were done. The program had no Information Education and Communication (IEC) materials. The IPT program in Shurugwi District achieved half its target. This could be due to inadequate formally trained staff, lack of IEC materials, inadequate advocacy and community sensitization, non-availability of the INH 300 mg single dose and inadequate INH 100 mg dose tablets in 2013. To improve the IPT program, there is need for routine advocacy, communication and social mobilization.

School Consolidation Survey: Iredell County: Mooresville, Statesville, North Carolina.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Engelhardt and Engelhardt, Inc., Purdy Station, NY.

This document explores the feasibility of consolidating three North Carolina school districts into a single administrative unit. Factors analyzed include future population and enrollment growth, existing buildings and school building needs, program offerings, staff qualifications, administrative organization, and financial considerations of…

Attitudes and behaviour towards waste management in the Dublin, Ireland region.

PubMed

Purcell, M; Magette, W L

2010-10-01

The hypothesis of this research was that attitudes about the management of biodegradable municipal waste (BMW) are spatially variable, even within a city of modest (1.2 million) population. For a select number of representative electoral districts in the Dublin, Ireland region, residents were surveyed regarding attitudes towards waste management in general, and BMW management in particular. A total of 850 survey responses were collected. Door-to-door interviews produced 688 responses in the residential sector; these were supplemented by 162 responses to a web-based survey. The surveys revealed that the majority of households use local authority, rather than private, waste collection services (both are available). The majority of residents, regardless of the local authority in which they live, were satisfied with their waste management service. "Reducing the quantity of waste generated" was regarded the most important future issue for 28% of residential respondents. Statistical analyses of the survey responses showed that the local authority in which respondents resided significantly influenced most responses (including waste collection service used, waste service satisfaction and backyard composting activity). Many responses (including waste service satisfaction, waste management influences) were also significantly related to the respondents' personal characteristics (e.g., education level, type of accommodation, age, etc.). These statistical results proved the hypothesis of the research and demonstrated that waste management initiatives designed for one area of the city (or, indeed, for uniform application to the city as a whole) could ignore the needs of other areas. The survey responses suggest that targeted intervention strategies would lead to improved diversion rates of BMW from landfill, a requirement of the Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Home availability of fruit and vegetables and obesogenic foods as an indicator of nutrient intake in 50 year olds from Canterbury, New Zealand.

PubMed

Grant, Emily; Gearry, Richard Blair; Wilson, Renée; Pearson, John; Skidmore, Paula Marie Louise

2017-05-01

The home food environment is known to influence children's diet and selected health outcomes. However, similar research in adults is scarce. The home is arguably the most important food environment for New Zealand adults as the majority of food consumed is stored and prepared in the home. Therefore we investigated relationships between home food availability and nutrient intake in 50 year olds from Canterbury, New Zealand. A cross-sectional study where participants completed a home food inventory and a four-day estimated food diary. Regression analysis was used to investigate relationships between home availability of 'Fruit and Vegetables' and 'Obesogenic Foods' and intake of selected nutrients, adjusting for Body Mass Index and demographic factors. Men and women (n=216) aged 50 were randomly selected from Canterbury District Health Board area electoral rolls. Women with a high 'Obesogenic Foods' score were significantly more likely to have a high intake of saturated fat (OR 5.8, CI: 1.67, 19.6) and high sugar intake (OR 3.1, CI: 1.23, 7.58). Men with a high 'Obesogenic Foods' score were less likely to have high folate (OR 0.14, CI: 0.05, 0.40) and fibre intake (OR 0.21, CI: 0.07, 0.60). Men and women with a higher 'Fruit and Vegetables' score were more likely to have high vitamin C intake (OR 5.6 and 4.5 respectively). Home Food Inventory scores are associated with selected nutrient intakes, particularly in women, suggesting that they are useful for identifying those groups with less favourable nutrient intakes. Future research should investigate whether these scores can predict health outcomes.

JPRS Report, Latin America.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-06-08

under- stand the phenomena, negotiations, and electoral agreements which occurred during the congress. It is for this reason that we decided to make ...demanded that Brasilia’s attention be directed to him. Dias’ vehemence raises a question: Is the governor trying to make friends for the new ministry, is...conference was convened to encourage discussion and decison - making between the leaders and residents of Amerindian communi- ties, to acquaint Amerindian

Compilation of References and Bibliography. Volume 1. An Annotated Bibliography on Low Intensity Conflict Taken from the Joint Low- Intensity Conflict Project Final Report of 1 August 1986. CLIC PAPERS.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-08-01

conditions--especially in rural areas. Moreover, the author recognizes a continued dependence upon the army in various matters. Some of these are electoral ...Mau Mau revolt in Kenya in East Africa, and the period of the " violencia " in Colombia. 54. Book, Insurgency, COIN. Wesson, Robert, editor, Communism

Colombia’s National Security Strategy, A New COIN Approach

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-03-07

theory by the book. Massive attacks over platoon, company and even battalion size posts , became part of the country’s life. Surprise attacks over the...peace process failure. Also, these threats had the purpose of coercing all presidential candidates and their electorate . Indiscriminate terrorist...Eduardo Pizarro, Una Democracia Asediada, Balance y Perspectivas del Conflicto Armado en Colombia (Bogotá: Grupo Editorial Norma, Marzo 2004), 94. 24

Ecological correlates of adolescent attempted suicide.

PubMed

Lester, D

1990-01-01

Rates of adolescent attempted suicide were correlated with social indicators over the electoral wards of Edinburgh (Scotland). Rates were found to be higher in wards where child neglect and misbehavior were more common. Rates of attempted suicide in the total population also were related to the housing pattern/social class of the wards. The importance of identifying similarities and differences in the patterns of suicidal behavior of adolescents and adults was noted.

Urban Counterinsurgency: Case Studies and Implications for U.S. Military Forces

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-10-01

Politica Electoral Independiente (Original name for Christian Socialist Party)--Venezuela CRS Compagnies Republicaines de Securite (Republican Security...arguably has had the greatest political and military impact of any of the colonial insurgencies in the post -World War II period. The lessons drawn from...Def. SDECE Governor Cmdg General Post General 10th Mil. Region No. Af. Liai- National Territorial Gendar- Armed Forces son Services Police Police

West Europe Report No. 2139

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-05-09

Ap-PDP, 2; UCD, 1. Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Voters: 438,618. Seats: 30 (Tenerife, 15; La Palma, 8; Gomera, 4 and Hierro , 3). Deputies 28 October 1982...Canaries, have aroused the interest of independent groups that normally operate on the peripheral islands, such as Gomera and Hierro . 113 During the...Independent Gomera Electoral Group: Esteban Bethencourt. Hierro : PSOE: Jose Francisco Armas. AP-PDP-UL: Manuel Fernandez Gonzalez. PCE: Aurelio Ayala

Venezuela: Political Conditions and U.S. Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-08-01

New York Times, December 5 , 2005. and noted with surprise the opposition’s withdrawal just four days before the election.16 The OAS delegation...government financing of electoral activities (Article 67); ! to decrease the workweek from 44 to 36 hours and the workday from 8 hours to 6 hours (Article...information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,

Kuwait: Security, Reform, and U.S. Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-11

franchise for the National Assembly and other elected positions (such as the Kuwait City municipal council). For at least two decades, the extent of the... franchise has been a closely watched indicator of Kuwait’s political liberalization. The government has expanded the electorate gradually, first by...extending the franchise to sons of naturalized Kuwaitis and Kuwaitis naturalized for at least 20 (as opposed to 30) years. The long deadlock on female

Kuwait: Security, Reform, and U.S. Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-26

past two decades in extending the franchise for the National Assembly and other elected positions (such as the Kuwait City municipal council). The...extent of the franchise has been a closely watched indicator of Kuwait’s political liberalization. The government has expanded the electorate gradually...first by extending the franchise to sons of naturalized Kuwaitis and Kuwaitis naturalized for at least 20 (as opposed to 30) years. The long deadlock

Kuwait: Security, Reform, and U.S. Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-20

growing number of diwaniyyas organized by women. There has been progress over the past two decades in extending the franchise for the National Assembly...and other elected positions (such as the Kuwait City municipal council). For at least two decades, the extent of the franchise has been a closely...watched indicator of Kuwait’s political liberalization. The government has expanded the electorate gradually, first by extending the franchise to sons

Making Higher Education Work: A Comparison of Discourses in the United Kingdom's Conservative and Labour Parties' General Election Manifestos between 1979 and 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Souto-Otero, Manuel

2011-01-01

This article elaborates a model of social democratic and conservative discourses in relation to access, financing, management, and results of higher education. The model is contrasted with the position of the Conservative Party and the Labour Party in the United Kingdom from the late 1970s to 2010 as expressed in their electoral manifestos. The…

Enduring Partner Capacity: African Civil Affairs

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-17

conflicts in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Nigeria and Ivory Coast all created political refugees. In 2011, the political and electoral crisis in the Ivory ...34 Ivory Coast Refugees Question Security of Returning Home," http://reliefweb.int/node/447842 (accessed November 14, 20 11). 23 There is an established...no disruptive deviant behavior in Botswana, as it also has a huge poaching problem requiring regular military action to control. In 20 I 0, Botswana

The Evolution of NATO with Four Plausible Threat Scenarios

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-08-01

were political changes as well. The evolution of British political institutions, and especially the widening of the franchise by electoral reform, had...countries. King Edward, in particular, excited the French imagination. In his con- tact with French statesmen, Edward made clear his desire for an...such as the Mitteland Kanal, British lines of communication and the Teuto- burger Wald before making contact. With Soviet air forces alert against

Politics of the aged: orientations and behavior in major liberal democracies.

PubMed

Edinger, L J

1985-01-01

Do the political outlook and electoral behavior of the elderly differ notably from that of younger adults in leading capitalist democracies? A cross-national examination of poll data suggests that on the whole they do not. Among the aged certain cross-national differences in rates of political participation beyond voting may be related to differences in national socio-political structures as well as differences in individual attributes.

Uganda: Current Conditions and the Crisis in North Uganda

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-29

United Nations, the African Union , and the United States condemned the terrorist attacks. More than 20 suspects are currently in prison. Uganda: Current...concerns. The African Union stated that the elections were peaceful and transparent, but called for a Review of the Electoral Law. Opposition groups...Nations, the African Union , and the United States condemned the terrorist attacks. More than 20 suspects are currently in prison. The attacks took place

Nigeria: A Study into the Causes of Internal Conflict and Instability

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-05-23

Nigeria. Other indigenous tribal religions comprise the difference. Nigeria is essentially comprised of a northern dominated Muslim culture and a...southern dominated Christian culture . Differences in religious beliefs shape political party agendas and national will at the federal level of...a combined two-hundred and thirty- two electoral votes. In opposition was the Yoruba based Action Group with only seventy-three votes.21 The first

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to abolish the Electoral College and provide for the direct election of the President and Vice President by the popular vote of all citizens of the United States regardless of place of residence.

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Rep. Jackson, Jesse L., Jr. [D-IL-2

2009-03-03

House - 03/16/2009 Referred to the Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to abolish the electoral college and to provide for the direct popular election of the President and Vice President of the United States.

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Sen. Nelson, Bill [D-FL

2009-01-08

Senate - 01/08/2009 Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. (text of measure as introduced: CR S234-235) (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Paraguay: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-02-01

21.9% of the vote.8 International observation teams from the Organization of American States ( OAS ) and the U.S.-based International Foundation for...Electoral Systems (IFES) praised the successful conduct of the elections. Both groups characterized the election as historic, with the OAS ...France-Presse, September 18, 2007. 8 “Background Note: Paraguay,” January 2009. 9 OAS , “El Secretario General de la OEA Felicita Masiva y Tranquila

German Defense Policy At A Turning Point

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-04-01

Concert of Democracies”65 German Chancellor Angela Merkel has been rather clear on this point, commenting to the Bundestag in 2009 that “I cannot see a...Whether his calls will resonate with Chancellor Angela Merkel , the Bundestag, Bundesrat, and the German electorate, is to be determined...illustrate the complexity of the German calculus regarding decisions like this, but it is also important to note that Chancellor Merkel assured

A resolution urging the Government of Afghanistan to ensure transparent and credible presidential and provincial elections in April 2014 by adhering to internationally accepted democratic standards, establishing a transparent electoral process, and ensuring security for voters and candidates.

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Sen. Casey, Robert P., Jr. [D-PA

2013-05-21

Senate - 07/09/2013 Resolution agreed to in Senate with an amendment and an amended preamble by Unanimous Consent. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Agreed to in SenateHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

JPRS Report, East Europe.

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-03-30

POLITIKA 20 Mar] .................................................... 57 Rugova Rejects Any Division of Kosovo [ BORBA 21-22 Mar...the townships, a mo eti p c on rd i gth bu et ef i . slightly higher number of stores. According to the MITU modest impact on reducing the budget...to preserve unity. First of all, we did not run good. And thank God, so far my belief prevailed. It is anweretunder un electoral l. Al the othr

To Vote or Not to Vote? An Exploration of the Factors Contributing to the Political Efficacy and Intent to Vote of High School Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Forrest, Andrew L.; Weseley, Allyson J.

2007-01-01

The turnout rate of America's youngest eligible voters is distressingly low, and it is vital to assess the factors associated with a commitment to participating in the electoral process. High school juniors (N = 133) were surveyed to see how a variety of factors would predict political efficacy. One week later, participants were randomly assigned…

Böttger stoneware from North America and Europe; are they authentic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Swann, Charles P.; Nelson, Christina H.

2000-03-01

In the early 18th century, Johann Friedrich Böttger, an alchemist recently arrived in Dresden, was assigned to ceramic experimentation under the orders of Augustus the Strong, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland. The Elector and his advisors hoped to discover the secret of making hard paste porcelain like the wares imported into Europe from China and Japan. In 1706-1707, Böttger produced his first ceramic body, a red stoneware similar to the wares produced in Yixing, China. The first objects were made following the forms of chinese prototypes or European metalwork of the period. Recently, the authenticity of a number of `Böttger' objects in various museums and private collections in North America and Europe has been questioned. To aide in resolving these questions several non-destructive analytical techniques have been employed, the most important being PIXE. This report is on an initial study of 25 objects with 16 elements from Al to Zr and Pb being analysed. The results strongly suggest three different groupings, one of objects from the Meissen factory during the 20th century, one from the work of Böttger himself early in the 18th century and one from an as yet unknown time period and site. The first two groups were previously identified by one of the authors (C.N.).

Deconstructing national leadership: politicians' accounts of electoral success and failure in the Irish Lisbon Treaty referenda.

PubMed

Burns, Michele; Stevenson, Clifford

2013-03-01

The Self Categorization approach to national leadership proposes that leaders rhetorically construct national identity as essentialized and inevitable in order to consensualize and mobilize the population. In contrast, discursive studies have demonstrated how national politicians flexibly construct the nation to manage their own accountability in local interactions, though this in turn has neglected broader leadership processes. The present paper brings both approaches together to examine how and when national politicians construct versions of national identity in order to account for their failure as well as success in mobilizing the electorate. Eight semi-structured conversational style interviews were conducted with a strategic sample of eight leading Irish politicians on the subject of the 2008/2009 Irish Lisbon Treaty referenda. Using a Critical Discourse Psychology approach, the hegemonic repertoire of the 'settled will' of the informed and consensualized Irish nation was identified across all interviews. Politicians either endorsed the 'settled will' repertoire as evidence of their successful leadership, or rejected the repertoire by denying the rationality or unity of the populace to account for their failure. Our results suggest national identity is only constructed as essentialized and inevitable to the extent that it serves a strategic political purpose. © 2011 The British Psychological Society.

To direct the United States Postal Service to designate a single, unique ZIP Code for Flanders, New York.

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Rep. Bishop, Timothy H. [D-NY-1

2010-03-02

House - 05/25/2010 Referred to the Subcommittee on Federal Workforce, Post Office, and the District of Columbia. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Putting It Off until Tomorrow.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Malley, Michael J.

1991-01-01

Increasingly, districts are using deferred compensation arrangements as part of the superintendent's total compensation package. Superintendents can fund such plans by purchasing tax-deferred annuities or single-premium life insurance policies. The latter seems a better plan for both the school board and the superintendent's family. (MLH)

Plug into a Network.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vander Linden, Doug; Clark, Larry

1994-01-01

Stand-alone, single-user software programs for classroom use can be prohibitively expensive, compared to information-sharing network systems. Based on a Kansas district's experience, this article explains three types of networks (device-sharing, operating-system-based, and client-server-based) and discusses network protocols, software choices,…

Low anastomotic leak rate after colorectal surgery: a single-centre study.

PubMed

Jones, O M; John, S K P; Horseman, N; Lawrance, R J; Fozard, J B J

2007-10-01

Anastomotic leak after colorectal surgery is a serious event associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There is little consensus regarding 'acceptable' rates of leakage, however. This study describes the experience of anastomotic leakage after both elective and emergency colorectal surgery in a district general hospital. A prospectively collected database of all patients with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer in a single hospital formed the basis of the study. Leak was defined as breakdown of the anastomosis contributing to death or requiring reoperation or reintervention. A total of 949 patients underwent surgery with an anastomosis between 1996 and 2004, including 331 patients treated with anterior resection. Anastomotic leaks requiring reoperation occurred in eight patients (0.8%). Thirty-day and in-hospital mortality was 4%. A very low rate of anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery is possible in a district general hospital setting. Given the impact of anastomotic leakage on function, tumour recurrence and long-term survival, it should be considered as a marker of surgical quality when evaluating surgical performance.

A new approach to driving and controlling precision lasers for cold-atom science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luey, Ben; Shugrue, Jeremy; Anderson, Mike

2014-05-01

Vescent's Integrated Control Electronics (ICE) Platform is a new approach to controlling and driving lasers and other electoral devices in complex atomic and optical experiments. By employing low-noise, high-bandwidth analog electronics with digital control, ICE combines the performance of analog design with the convenience of the digital world. Utilizing a simple USB COM port interface, ICE can easily be controlled via LabView, Python, or an FPGA. High-speed TTL inputs enable precise external timing or triggering. ICE is capable of generating complex timing internally, enabling ICE to drive an entire experiment or it can be directed by an external control program. The system is capable of controlling up to 8 unique ICE slave boards providing flexibility to tailor an assortment of electronics hardware to the needs of a specific experiment. Examples of ICE slave boards are: a current controller and peak-lock laser servo, a four channel temperature controller, a current controller and offset phase lock servo. A single ensemble can drive, stabilize, and frequency lock 3 lasers in addition to powering an optical amplifier, while still leaving 2 remaining slots for further control needs. Staff Scientist

Screening for disability in the inner city.

PubMed Central

Patrick, D L; Darby, S C; Green, S; Horton, G; Locker, D; Wiggins, R D

1981-01-01

A 10% sample of private households on the electoral register of the London borough of Lambeth was screened for disable persons aged 16 and over, using a postal questionnaire. After three mailings and individual follow-up of non-responders, 87% of the sample households returned questionnaires. Disability was defined in the screening questionnaire as functional limitations or activity restrictions consequent upon disease or impairment. The overall point prevalence of disability was estimated at 15.4% and the most frequently reported impairments were those of the sense organs, bones, central nervous, circulatory, and respiratory systems. Hearing difficulties were the single most frequently reported functional limitation. A log-linear modelling procedure identified age, marital status, and working status as the factors most strongly associated with disability for both men and women. In addition, men aged 50-64 and not working, and men in manual occupations and living alone, were more likely to report disability. These findings indicate that some population groups are disable by functional limitations and activity restrictions not included in office criteria of identification and assessment. These criteria might be broadened, and serves planned for those population groups with higher rates of reported disability. PMID:6455485

Regional agricultural susceptibility to climate variability: A district level analysis of Maharashtra, India

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Swami, D.; Parthasarathy, D.; Dave, P.

2016-12-01

Climate variability (CV) has adverse impact on crop production and inadequate research carried out to assess the impact of CV on crop production has aggravated the ability of farmers to adapt (Jones et al., 2000). A better understanding of CV is required to reduce the vulnerability of farmers towards existing and future CV. Further, a wide variation in policies related to climate change exists at global level and considering the state/nation as a single unit for policy formulations may lead to under-representation of regional problems. Hence, the present work chooses to focus on CVassessment at the regional/district level of Maharashtra state in India. Here, interannual variability of wet and dry spells from year 1951-2013, are used as a measure of CV. Statistical declining trend of wet spells for (12/34) districts was observed across all the districts of Maharashtra. Districts showing highest change in wet spell pre and post 1976/77 are Beed, Latur and Osmanabad belong to Central Maharashtra Plateau zone and Western Maharashtra scarcity zone. Dry spells for (8/34) districts were found to statistically increase across all the districts of Maharashtra. Washim, Yavatmal of Vidarbha zone; and Latur, Parbhani of Amravati division belonging to Central Maharashtra Plateau zone and Central Vidarbha zone are found to reflect the large variation in their behavior pre and post 1976/77. Findings reveal that districts from the same agro-climate zones respond differently to CV, indicating significant spatial heterogeneity within the region. Trend in monsoon variability was found to be prominent after 1976/77, suggesting an enhanced role of climate change on climate variability after 1977. It necessitates separate policy formulation related to CV and agriculture for each district to bring out the solution for regional issues (socio-political, farmers, agriculturalists, economical) more clearly. Further we have attempted to link agriculture vulnerability and crop sensitivity to CV. Results signify spatial and temporal variability of different agro-ecological and climate parameters; suitable adaptation measures to famers and policy makers need to address this change. The findings can be utilized by farmers and policy makers while formulating agricultural policies and adaptation measures related to climate change.

Self-reported child abuse in the home: a cross-sectional survey of prevalence, perpetrator characteristics and correlates among public secondary school students in Kathmandu, Nepal.

PubMed

Neupane, Dipika; Bhandari, Parash Mani; Thapa, Kiran; Bhochhibhoya, Shristi; Rijal, Shristi; Pathak, Ramjee Prasad

2018-06-19

To explore the prevalence, perpetrator characteristics and the correlates of child abuse in Kathmandu, Nepal. For this cross-sectional study, we translated the internationally validated questionnaire developed by the International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, Child Abuse Screening Tool-Child Home into Nepali. We added questions on descriptive information about students and their family to the questionnaire. We recruited students from 20 schools selected randomly-2 from each of the 10 electoral constituencies of Kathmandu district. In each school, we administered the questionnaires to the students in a classroom selected randomly. To assess the correlates, we ran multilevel multivariable logistic regression models, stratified by schools. Among the 962 students, 88.88% had experience of at least one form of abuse throughout their lifetime. Psychological abuse was the most prevalent form of abuse (previous year: 75.19%; lifetime: 76.15%) followed by physical abuse, exposure to violence, neglect and sexual abuse. Adults were the most common perpetrators of child abuse (37.55%). The correlates identified in this study mostly aligned with the global literature on correlates of abuse. Female students were more likely to report neglect (previous year: adjusted OR (AOR) 1.50, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.04; lifetime: AOR 1.49, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.02), but no gender difference was observed with other forms of abuse. Students living with a single parent had a greater likelihood of exposure to violence (previous year: AOR 2.55, 95% CI 1.31 to 4.94; lifetime: AOR 2.77, 95% CI 1.39 to 5.53), neglect (previous year: AOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.10 to 3.69; lifetime: AOR 2.08, 95% CI 1.14 to 3.81) and sexual abuse (previous year: AOR 3.03, 95% CI 1.45 to 6.37; lifetime: AOR 2.49, 95% CI 1.21 to 5.14). Over 88% of students reported experiencing child abuse in the home in one or more forms throughout their lifetime. Delineating the reasons for the high burden and its implications are important topics for future research. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Staying Power: The Relationship of Public School Superintendent Tenure to Leadership Frames

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Elliff, Doyne Scott

2012-01-01

The study examined the types of leadership frames ("human resource," "structural," "political," and "symbolic") (Bolman & Deal, 1997) most often used by public school superintendents in Texas, the relationship of leadership frames to the length of superintendent tenure in a single school district, and…

47 CFR 54.502 - Eligible services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... SERVICE Universal Service Support for Schools and Libraries § 54.502 Eligible services. (a) Supported... comprise a single library branch. Discounts are not available for internal connections in non-instructional buildings of a school or school district, or in administrative buildings of a library, to the extent that a...

A Program Management Framework for Facilities Managers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

King, Dan

2012-01-01

The challenge faced by senior facility leaders is not how to execute a single project, but rather, how to successfully execute a large program consisting of hundreds of projects. Senior facilities officers at universities, school districts, hospitals, airports, and other organizations with extensive facility inventories, typically manage project…

Static Evaluation of a NAVSTAR GPS (Magnavox Z-Set) Receiver - May-September 1979

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-05-01

The report documents the results of the static testing of a NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) single channel sequential receiver (Magnavox Z-Set). These tests were performed at the Coast Guard District 11 office in Long Beach, CA from May to Se...

Management on the Go

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Technology & Learning, 2005

2005-01-01

The employment of administrative tools for effective management is evaluated in this article. Using an administrative tool like a Palm[R] handheld computer and appropriate software can make the difference. For anyone running a single school or an entire district, managing data is the key to maintaining an efficient organization. Many…

West Europe Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-04-01

socialists, charm its deputies and reduce its unemployed electorate. In the next 3 months, it is only by relying on a motion of censure by the PRD...the Left, however, the phenomenon is even more complex. Or Cavaco Silva is not the classic leader of the haute bourgeoisie , residing in Cascäis or in...Austere, discreet in dress, with moderate habits, he does not reflect the good life of the exploiter. Simple and direct, he appeals to the

Strategic Insights, Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2006. Ecuador: The Continuing Challenge of Democratic Consolidation and Civil-Military Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-02-01

declare the presidency vacant on charges that the president had “abandoned his post ” even though Gutierrez was in the presidential palace issuing...institutions that continued functioning, the Electoral Tribunal, found that it was not constitutional. Even in early 2006, they are still working on...Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post -Communist Europe (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins

West Europe Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-03-03

the past 5 years. This new element is the role of the trade union movement which the more it becomes independent...a reform of the electoral system; and, 4 , the proposal of new forms of organization of the party’s in- ternal activities. I certainly regard all...Paul II, the Vatican called on rich countries to "start working on a new system of aid" that would "constitute a commitment of several years."

Insurrection Act Restored: States Likely to Maintain Authority over National Guard in Domestic Emergencies

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-05-22

The commentator also pointed out that Bush could have possibly relied upon the Stafford Act as authority for greater federal action in Louisiana...leaders are supposed to be held accountable for their actions through the electoral process. When civilian policy makers use military leaders to...advises civilian responders on appropriate actions through on-site testing and expert consultation, and facilitates the arrival of additional state and

Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-11-06

campaign complaints in closed sessions, raising concerns about the effectiveness of the complaint process. The lack of public confidence in the...a peaceful voting process that was “well organized and efficient,” but were critical of a “ lack of robust competition and of vibrant political...the lack of balance in media coverage, a “contradictory and ambiguous” electoral complaint and appeal process, and troubling irregularities in vote

Science Film: An Aperture into Science Advocacy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2015-04-01

The current funding environment for scientific research necessitates a change in how we foster support for the endeavor. Federal spending is not likely to grow unless constituents--APS members--help communicate the value of science to members of Congress and the public in a compelling and individual way. The event explores how popular film with science-based plots can help physicists communicate the value of science to members of Congress and an increasingly diverse electorate.

CYBER: CHANGING THE LANDSCAPE OF FOREIGN INTERVENTION IN DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS

DTIC Science & Technology

than the costs); and 3) the methods and tools for intervening are readily available. Cyber has had a significant impact on all three of the components...significant domestic actor and can act unilaterally to influence public opinion. Second, cyber lowers both the actual and perceived costs of...intervention. Finally, cyber methods and tools are available to almost anyone at any level. Cyber has lowered the barrier to electoral intervention. As a

How Colombian Interagency Cooperation Reestablished Security and Strengthened Democracy

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-23

2002, the electorate voted in President Alvaro Uribe , who implemented a new strategy: the Democratic Security and Defense Policy (DSDP). Before Uribe ... Alvaro Uribe became president of the nation. From the start, the main goal for Uribe’s government was to make Colombia a secure country. He defined... Alvaro Uribe , Achievements of the Democratic security and Defense Policy, UN 61 debate, 21 Sep-2006, http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/61/pdfs

Developing Instructional Leaders through Assistant Principals' Academy: A Partnership for Success

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gurley, D. Keith; Anast-May, Linda; Lee, H. T.

2015-01-01

This article describes findings from a single-case qualitative study of a unique 2-year professional development academy for practicing assistant principals designed and implemented in partnership between school district personnel and university educational leadership faculty members. The study was conducted based on the theoretical framework of…

Static evaluation of a NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) (Magnavox Z-Set) receiver, May-September, 1979

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-05-01

The report documents the results of the static testing of a NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) single channel sequential receiver (Magnavox Z-Set). These tests were performed at the Coast Guard District 11 office in Long Beach, CA from May to Se...

Contracting for Audit Services.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heifetz, Harry S.

1987-01-01

The Single Audit Act of 1984 requires most school districts receiving over $25,000 in federal funds to undergo financial audits. This article highlights requirements for selecting certified public accountants to perform the audit and suggests factors to be considered before drafting a contract or letter of engagement. A sample letter is included.…

Tour Your Schools with This Energy Checklist in Hand.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barnett, Mark R.

1991-01-01

Provides a checklist for administrators to use while looking for signs of wasted energy and examining lighting, building construction, heating and ventilation systems, and plumbing and refrigeration. After completing the checklist for a single building or every school in the district, administrators should prioritize physical changes needed for…

Rethinking Parental Engagement: Perceptions of Single African American Mothers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Tracey L.

2016-01-01

Federal law stresses shared accountability between schools and parents for high student achievement. Yet, there is minimal regulation regarding what parental engagement programs must actually look like. As a result many school districts fail to consider nontraditional constructs of parental engagement that honor the available cultural capital,…

34 CFR 200.81 - Program definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... processing of fish or shellfish or the raising or harvesting of fish or shellfish at fish farms. It consists... means a person who, in the preceding 36 months, has moved, as defined in paragraph (g), from one school... single school district, in order to obtain temporary employment or seasonal employment in agricultural...

34 CFR 200.81 - Program definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... processing of fish or shellfish or the raising or harvesting of fish or shellfish at fish farms. It consists... means a person who, in the preceding 36 months, has moved, as defined in paragraph (g), from one school... single school district, in order to obtain temporary employment or seasonal employment in agricultural...

34 CFR 200.81 - Program definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... processing of fish or shellfish or the raising or harvesting of fish or shellfish at fish farms. It consists... means a person who, in the preceding 36 months, has moved, as defined in paragraph (g), from one school... single school district, in order to obtain temporary employment or seasonal employment in agricultural...

34 CFR 200.81 - Program definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... processing of fish or shellfish or the raising or harvesting of fish or shellfish at fish farms. It consists... means a person who, in the preceding 36 months, has moved, as defined in paragraph (g), from one school... single school district, in order to obtain temporary employment or seasonal employment in agricultural...

34 CFR 200.81 - Program definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... processing of fish or shellfish or the raising or harvesting of fish or shellfish at fish farms. It consists... means a person who, in the preceding 36 months, has moved, as defined in paragraph (g), from one school... single school district, in order to obtain temporary employment or seasonal employment in agricultural...

Perspective view of the south elevation; this facade faces Constitution ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Perspective view of the south elevation; this facade faces Constitution Avenue and is nineteen bays long with twelve single columns and two sets of paired columns - United States Department of Commerce, Bounded by Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and E streets and Constitution Avenue, Washington, District of Columbia, DC

Community-based mass treatment with azithromycin for the elimination of yaws in Ghana-Results of a pilot study.

PubMed

Abdulai, Abdul Aziz; Agana-Nsiire, Patrick; Biney, Frank; Kwakye-Maclean, Cynthia; Kyei-Faried, Sardick; Amponsa-Achiano, Kwame; Simpson, Shirley Victoria; Bonsu, George; Ohene, Sally-Ann; Ampofo, William Kwabena; Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw; Addo, Kennedy Kwasi; Chi, Kai-Hua; Danavall, Damien; Chen, Cheng Y; Pillay, Allan; Sanz, Sergi; Tun, Ye; Mitjà, Oriol; Asiedu, Kingsley Bampoe; Ballard, Ronald C

2018-03-01

The WHO yaws eradication strategy consists of one round of total community treatment (TCT) of single-dose azithromycin with coverage of > 90%.The efficacy of the strategy to reduce the levels on infection has been demonstrated previously in isolated island communities in the Pacific region. We aimed to determine the efficacy of a single round of TCT with azithromycin to achieve a decrease in yaws prevalence in communities that are endemic for yaws and surrounded by other yaws-endemic areas. Surveys for yaws seroprevalence and prevalence of skin lesions were conducted among schoolchildren aged 5-15 years before and one year after the TCT intervention in the Abamkrom sub-district of Ghana. We used a cluster design with the schools as the primary sampling unit. Among 20 eligible primary schools in the sub district, 10 were assigned to the baseline survey and 10 to the post-TCT survey. The field teams conducted a physical examination for skin lesions and a dual point-of-care immunoassay for non-treponemal and treponemal antibodies of all children present at the time of the visit. We also undertook surveys with non-probabilistic sampling to collect lesion swabs for etiology and macrolide resistance assessment. At baseline 14,548 (89%) of 16,287 population in the sub-district received treatment during TCT. Following one round of TCT, the prevalence of dual seropositivity among all children decreased from 10.9% (103/943) pre-TCT to 2.2% (27/1211) post-TCT (OR 0.19; 95%CI 0.09-0.37). The prevalence of serologically confirmed skin lesions consistent with active yaws was reduced from 5.7% (54/943) pre-TCT to 0.6% (7/1211) post-TCT (OR 0.10; 95% CI 0.25-0.35). No evidence of resistance to macrolides against Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue was seen. A single round of high coverage TCT with azithromycin in a yaws affected sub-district adjoining other endemic areas is effective in reducing the prevalence of seropositive children and the prevalence of early skin lesions consistent with yaws one year following the intervention. These results suggest that national yaws eradication programmes may plan the gradual expansion of mass treatment interventions without high short-term risk of reintroduction of infection from contiguous untreated endemic areas.

Community-based mass treatment with azithromycin for the elimination of yaws in Ghana—Results of a pilot study

PubMed Central

Abdulai, Abdul Aziz; Agana-Nsiire, Patrick; Biney, Frank; Kwakye-Maclean, Cynthia; Kyei-Faried, Sardick; Amponsa-Achiano, Kwame; Simpson, Shirley Victoria; Bonsu, George; Ohene, Sally-Ann; Ampofo, William Kwabena; Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw; Addo, Kennedy Kwasi; Chi, Kai-Hua; Danavall, Damien; Chen, Cheng Y.; Pillay, Allan; Sanz, Sergi; Tun, Ye; Mitjà, Oriol; Ballard, Ronald C.

2018-01-01

Introduction The WHO yaws eradication strategy consists of one round of total community treatment (TCT) of single-dose azithromycin with coverage of > 90%.The efficacy of the strategy to reduce the levels on infection has been demonstrated previously in isolated island communities in the Pacific region. We aimed to determine the efficacy of a single round of TCT with azithromycin to achieve a decrease in yaws prevalence in communities that are endemic for yaws and surrounded by other yaws-endemic areas. Methods Surveys for yaws seroprevalence and prevalence of skin lesions were conducted among schoolchildren aged 5–15 years before and one year after the TCT intervention in the Abamkrom sub-district of Ghana. We used a cluster design with the schools as the primary sampling unit. Among 20 eligible primary schools in the sub district, 10 were assigned to the baseline survey and 10 to the post-TCT survey. The field teams conducted a physical examination for skin lesions and a dual point-of-care immunoassay for non-treponemal and treponemal antibodies of all children present at the time of the visit. We also undertook surveys with non-probabilistic sampling to collect lesion swabs for etiology and macrolide resistance assessment. Results At baseline 14,548 (89%) of 16,287 population in the sub-district received treatment during TCT. Following one round of TCT, the prevalence of dual seropositivity among all children decreased from 10.9% (103/943) pre-TCT to 2.2% (27/1211) post-TCT (OR 0.19; 95%CI 0.09–0.37). The prevalence of serologically confirmed skin lesions consistent with active yaws was reduced from 5.7% (54/943) pre-TCT to 0.6% (7/1211) post-TCT (OR 0.10; 95% CI 0.25–0.35). No evidence of resistance to macrolides against Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue was seen. Discussion A single round of high coverage TCT with azithromycin in a yaws affected sub-district adjoining other endemic areas is effective in reducing the prevalence of seropositive children and the prevalence of early skin lesions consistent with yaws one year following the intervention. These results suggest that national yaws eradication programmes may plan the gradual expansion of mass treatment interventions without high short-term risk of reintroduction of infection from contiguous untreated endemic areas. PMID:29566044

Analyses of genetic diversity of bacterial blight pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae using IS1112 in Bangladesh.

PubMed

Islam, Md Rashidul; Alam, Md Samiul; Khan, Ashik Iqbal; Hossain, Ismail; Adam, Lorne R; Daayf, Fouad

2016-01-01

Bacterial blight (BB) is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), a most destructive disease of rice, mostly in Asia, including Bangladesh. Altogether 96 isolates of Xoo were collected from 19 rice-growing districts of Bangladesh in both the rain-fed and irrigated seasons of 2014 to assess their pathotypic and genetic variation. Pathotypic analyses were carried out on a set of 12 Near Isogenic Lines (NILs) of rice containing a single resistance gene and two check varieties IR24 and TN1 by the leaf clipping inoculation method. A total of 24 pathotypes were identified based on their virulence patterns on the NILs tested. Among these, pathotypes VII, XII and XIV, considered as major, containing a maximum number of isolates (9.38% each), are frequently distributed in seven northern to mid-eastern districts of Bangladesh. The most virulent pathotype I was recorded in the Habiganj and Brahmanbaria districts. The molecular analysis of variability among the isolates was carried out through PCR analysis using multi-locus primers Jel1 and Jel2 (based on the repetitive element IS1112 in the Xoo genome). Using the genotypic data, a dendrogram was constructed with 17 clusters along with 17 molecular haplotypes at the 65% similarity index. Cluster I was composed of 46 isolates considered as major, whereas clusters X, XI, XII and XVII were represented by a single isolate. A phenogram was constructed based on virulence to interpret the relationship between the pathotypes and the molecular haplotypes. At the 50% similarity level, among 10 clusters, cluster I, considered as major, consisted of a maximum of 10 pathotypes out of 24. In case of haplotypes, a maximum of 7 haplotypes were obtained from pathotype XII, whereas pathotypes IX, X, XV, XXII and XXIV were represented by a single haplotype. However, the present study revealed that different isolates belonging to the same pathotypes belonged to different haplotypes. Conversely, genetically similar haplotypes were also detected from different pathotypes collected from separate districts. This relationship appeared due to a high degree of DNA polymorphism among strains within many pathotypes existing in Bangladesh. Copyright © 2016 Académie des sciences. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Health District III, Murcia, Spain.

PubMed

Candeliere-Merlicco, Antonio; Valero-Delgado, Francisco; Martínez-Vidal, Salvadora; Lastres-Arias, María Del Carmen; Aparicio-Castro, Eladio; Toledo-Romero, Francisco; Villaverde-González, Ramón

2016-09-01

The prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) varies throughout the world, and available epidemiological data suggest a progressively increasing prevalence of MS in Spain. The objective of this study was to calculate MS prevalence in Health District III of the autonomous community of Murcia in Spain. This is an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study. The prevalence of MS in Health District III in the Region of Murcia, which includes the municipalities of Lorca, Totana, Águilas, Puerto Lumbreras and Aledo, was calculated from the total population (171,040 inhabitants), and among native Spanish citizens only (137,659 persons). Healthcare and demographic data were obtained from three sources: 1) OMI-AP: the local primary care computer system containing the medical records of all subscribers; 2) the medical record database of the Hospital Rafael Mendez (the single hospital in the district); and 3) the records of the AEMA III Multiple Sclerosis Association to which patients from this healthcare district belong. Data from these three sources were combined to check the accuracy and completeness of the patient records. The prevalence of MS among the general population of this district, including non-Spanish individuals, was 71.9 per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI=60-85). Prevalence among the native Spanish population was 82.0 per 100,000 (95% CI=68-98). Considering prevalence by sex, it was 118.1 per 100,000 (95% CI: 95-146) in the female native Spanish population, and 45.4 per 100,000 (95% CI: 31-64) in the male native Spanish population. The prevalence in the native Spanish population in this district was calculated by sex and age (grouped by decades). A peak was observed among women aged between 20 and 29 years: 234.2 per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI: 151-361). Our results suggest that the population in this healthcare district presents a risk of MS similar to that recently reported in other regions of Spain, which is higher than in previous decades. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A comparison of two hospital districts with low and high figures in the compulsory care of minors: an ecological study.

PubMed

Siponen, Ulla; Välimäki, Maritta; Kaivosoja, Matti; Marttunen, Mauri; Kaltiala-Heino, Riittakerttu

2011-08-01

The last decade in Finland has seen a vast increase both in involuntary psychiatric treatment of adolescents and in the numbers of adolescents taken into care under the Child Welfare Act. Moreover, the variation in figures between different hospital districts is remarkable. The reasons for this are not known, but it cannot be due to variation in the epidemiology of mental disorders in minors. The aim of the study was to explore features associated with compulsory care of adolescents at regional level by comparing two hospital districts clearly differing in this regard. The characteristics of involuntarily treated adolescents and adolescents taken into care, the resources and structures of adolescent psychiatric services and child welfare services, and the environmental factors associated with adolescent well-being and adaptation, such as indicators of social deprivation of families were all considered. For the present study, 2 out of the 22 hospital districts in Finland were selected, one using compulsory psychiatric care and taking into care of 13-17-year olds above and the other below the average in Finland. Register data on patient characteristics, services, and social deprivation were used. Absolute and population adjusted figures (95% confidence intervals) from the variables are given. The differences in incidences between health care districts were compared using Poisson regression analysis. Proportions of divorces, single parent families, social exclusion and outpatient mental health service use, and detoxification treatment use of adults were higher in the health care district with above average coercion figures than in the area with below average coercion figures. The numbers of adolescent psychiatric outpatient visits were higher in the health care district with coercion figures below average despite the fact that the number of positions in adolescent outpatient services was lower than in the health care district with above average coercion figures. Factors other than the characteristics of the adolescents themselves are associated with use of compulsory care on them, although an ecological study design cannot establish causality.

Redefining The U.S.-Japan Alliance: Tokyo’s National Defense Program

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-11-01

affairs to a member of the National Diet , a Fulbright Fellow at Tokyo University, a reporter for Defense News and the Iwate Nippo, and Tokyo...process of introducing electoral reform in the Diet has already split the LDP and led to the recent series of coalitions. The process of implementing this...what Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad told Japanese Prime Minister Murayama in August 1994. See "Mahathir to Japan: ’Drop War Apologies, Join

Security Sector Reform in Liberia: Progress and Challenges Ahead of the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) Drawdown

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-09

were processed. This program was designed to target a wide variety of combatants, with special emphasis placed on child soldiers. With these...Brzoska, SSR has its origin in the development of donor debate, where there has been ongoing discussion among different groups of theoreticians on how...human rights, humanitarian relief, and electoral reform. This document describes the framework on how post -war Liberia should implement the peace

Role of the Internet in the ROK Presidential Election in 2002

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-01-01

fortunes in cyberspace. For example, in 2004, supporters of the first female leader of the opposition Grand National Party, Mrs. Park Gun- hye ... Park Gun- hye There always have been soccer fanatics in Korea. Peaceful demonstration has also been a common form of anti-war protest used by...cheered for Mr. Roh Moo-hyun at every rally; and they voluntarily raised billions of Korean won for the Roh electoral campaign fund, which was

Victory is Not Possible; Defeat is Not an Option: The US, Iraq and the Middle East

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-01

disseminating scholarly essays that contribute to his ideal of ensuring that Europe and Eurasia are democratic, free, undivided, and at peace. Papers selected... permeable , partly because the de-Baathification process has been discredited. The insurgents can also manipulate the electorate. In short, the...troops on their soil . As with the Shia, the Kurds are not naturally unified - they are split between two key groups and a Kurdish civil war in the

Who Said Learning about the Constitution Isn't Fun? Active Lessons on the U.S. Constitution for Junior and Senior High School Students. Lessons created by participants at "Congress and the Constitution: A Summer Institute for Teachers" (Ontario, California, 1988).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cramer, Elizabeth, Ed.; Hill, Margaret, Ed.

Twenty-eight lesson plans developed by California teachers who attended a summer institute on Congress and the Constitution are presented in this document. Sample lesson plan titles are: (1) "Geopolitics and the Constitution," (2) "Judicial Review," (3) "Electoral College and the Constitution," (4) "First…

Resuscitating voter interest in Zambia: the Adult Education Association of Zambia's role in national elections.

PubMed

Chakanika, W W; Chuma, P C

1999-08-01

This paper examines the role of the Adult Education Association of Zambia (AEAZ) in the Zambian national elections. Outlined in this paper are workshop topics, challenges encountered, and outcomes of the education campaign by the AEAZ in its crusade to inform voters of their rights and obligations. The six interrelated topics presented at various civic awareness campaigns were leadership qualities; community participation in national development; responsible citizenship; electoral process and the management of elections; the role of a member parliament; and human rights. The primary problem of the AEAZ campaign was language. Although English is preferred in urban areas, most of the residents in the rural areas are illiterate, and the campaign had to be conducted in several local languages, where most of the people were unfamiliar to campaigners. Other challenges affecting the AEAZ outreach efforts were lack of reliable transportation and lack of funds. Despite these challenges, the campaign was successful in encouraging citizens to vote, lobbying, advocacy, and holding political representatives accountable for their actions. This was evident in the 1996 presidential and general elections, in which there was a significant increase in the number of voters who took part in the electoral process. This paper concludes that nongovernmental organizations involved in the sensitization campaigns should coordinate and collaborate in order to enhance their capacity.

Interior Immigration Enforcement and Political Participation of U.S. Citizens in Mixed-Status Households.

PubMed

Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina; Lopez, Mary J

2017-12-01

The 2000s have witnessed an expansion of interior immigration enforcement in the United States. At the same time, the country has experienced a major demographic transformation, with the number of U.S. citizens living in mixed-status households-that is, households where at least one family member is an unauthorized migrant-reaching 16 million. U.S. citizens living in mixed-status households are personally connected to the struggles experienced by their unauthorized family members. For them, immigration policy is likely to shape their current and future voting behavior. Using data from the 2002-2014 Current Population Survey Voting and Registration Supplements, we examine whether intensified immigration enforcement has affected the political engagement of U.S. citizens living in mixed-status households. We find that immigration enforcement has chilled their electoral participation by lowering their propensity to register by 5 %; however, it has not visibly affected their voting propensity among those registered. Importantly, their lower voting registration likelihood does not seem to reflect indifference for community and public matters, given that it has been accompanied by greater involvement in civic forms of political participation, such as volunteering. Understanding how immigration policy affects the political participation of a fast-growing segment of the electorate is imperative because they will inevitably constitute a rapidly rising political force in future elections.

Socio-economic factors and tuberculosis: a district-based ecological analysis in Hong Kong.

PubMed

Leung, C C; Yew, W W; Tam, C M; Chan, C K; Chang, K C; Law, W S; Wong, M Y; Au, K F

2004-08-01

Relatively little is known about the impact of socio-economic factors on tuberculosis in a metropolitan city with high disease incidence. District-specific tuberculosis notification rates for 1995--1997 and 2000--2002 were indirectly sex- and age-adjusted and compared with the socio-economic characteristics in the 1996 by-census and 2001 census. The differences between the 18 districts persisted after 3-year averaging and indirect standardisation. Only the percentage of population born locally, the percentage of the population widowed or divorced and the percentage of households residing in rooms or bedsits were consistently associated with the standardised notification ratios (SNR) for both periods, the first being negatively so (all P < 0.05). In a combined analysis with a general linear model for both periods, birth in China, residence <7 years, speaking other Asian languages, being married and in a single household were also significantly associated with the SNR (all P < 0.05). Using a backward conditional approach, only local birth, being married, and residing in rooms or bedsits were independent predictors of SNR (all P < 0.05). There was no significant association between SNR and socio-economic indices on education, occupation, unemployment and income. Socio-economic factors other than simple poverty are affecting the district-specific tuberculosis rates in Hong Kong.

A thermodynamic analysis of a novel bidirectional district heating and cooling network

DOE PAGES

Zarin Pass, R.; Wetter, M.; Piette, M. A.

2017-11-29

In this study, we evaluate an ambient, bidirectional thermal network, which uses a single circuit for both district heating and cooling. When in net more cooling is needed than heating, the system circulates from a central plant in one direction. When more heating is needed, the system circulates in the opposite direction. A large benefit of this design is that buildings can recover waste heat from each other directly. We analyze the thermodynamic performance of the bidirectional system. Because the bidirectional system represents the state-of-the-art in design for district systems, its peak energy efficiency represents an upper bound on themore » thermal performance of any district heating and cooling system. However, because any network has mechanical and thermal distribution losses, we develop a diversity criterion to understand when the bidirectional system may be a more energy-efficient alternative to modern individual-building systems. We show that a simple model of a low-density, high-distribution loss network is more efficient than aggregated individual buildings if there is at least 1 unit of cooling energy per 5.7 units of simultaneous heating energy (or vice versa). We apply this criterion to reference building profiles in three cities to look for promising clusters.« less

A thermodynamic analysis of a novel bidirectional district heating and cooling network

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zarin Pass, R.; Wetter, M.; Piette, M. A.

In this study, we evaluate an ambient, bidirectional thermal network, which uses a single circuit for both district heating and cooling. When in net more cooling is needed than heating, the system circulates from a central plant in one direction. When more heating is needed, the system circulates in the opposite direction. A large benefit of this design is that buildings can recover waste heat from each other directly. We analyze the thermodynamic performance of the bidirectional system. Because the bidirectional system represents the state-of-the-art in design for district systems, its peak energy efficiency represents an upper bound on themore » thermal performance of any district heating and cooling system. However, because any network has mechanical and thermal distribution losses, we develop a diversity criterion to understand when the bidirectional system may be a more energy-efficient alternative to modern individual-building systems. We show that a simple model of a low-density, high-distribution loss network is more efficient than aggregated individual buildings if there is at least 1 unit of cooling energy per 5.7 units of simultaneous heating energy (or vice versa). We apply this criterion to reference building profiles in three cities to look for promising clusters.« less

Reliability of Grading High School Work in English

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brimi, Hunter M.

2011-01-01

This research replicates the work of Starch and Elliot (1912) by examining the reliability of the grading by English teachers in a single school district. Ninety high school teachers graded the same student paper following professional development sessions in which they were trained to use NWREL's "6+1 Traits of Writing." These participants had…

Principals' Perception and Self-Efficacy: Addressing Achievement in a Post Annual Yearly Progress Environment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Staumont, John

2017-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this single-case study was to explore principals' perceptions of self-efficacy beliefs as effective instructional leaders during a period of educational transition in a semiurban, unified school district in Southern California. Methodology: The researcher used exploratory case study, conducting semistructured, open-ended,…

Evaluating Gifted Identification Practice: Aptitude Testing and Linguistically Diverse Learners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matthews, Michael S.; Kirsch, Lauri

2011-01-01

The authors examined individually administered IQ scores from an entire K-5 population (N = 432) of Limited English Proficient students referred for gifted program eligibility determination in a single large urban district in the southeastern United States. Of 8 IQ tests compared, only 1, the Stanford-Binet V, had scores appreciably lower than…

Teacher Compensation: Standard Practices and Changes in Wisconsin. WCER Working Paper No. 2016-5

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kimball, Steven M.; Heneman, Herbert G., III.; Worth, Robin; Arrigoni, Jessica; Marlin, Daniel

2016-01-01

Over many decades, teachers' compensation has been determined through standard practices, commonly represented by the single salary schedule. While these practices served districts well in a number of respects, many argue that new forms of teacher pay could provide powerful levers for changing teacher performance and improving student achievement…

Construction Management, in a Miami Test, Saves $1.5 Million

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Architectural Record, 1977

1977-01-01

In direct comparison with a high school built according to traditional design and contracting, a new prototype for the Dade County School District resulted in substantial savings without sacrificing quality. Available from: McGraw Hill Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10020, $5.00 single copy. (Author)

Linking Two Worlds: Serving Resource Students at the Secondary Level.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adamson, David R.

1983-01-01

The Granite School District (Salt Lake City, Utah) tracking program provides a practical framework for incorporating many of the recent developments in secondary special education into a single program. The approach has a dual focus--providing direct instruction in the resource room and indirect consultative and backup services for the regular…

Toward Establishing Relationships between Essential and Higher Order Teaching Skills.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kromrey, Jeffrey D.; And Others

Nineteen secondary school teachers in a mid-sized Florida school district participated in a single-group pretest/posttest design to explore the relationship between essential and higher order teaching skills. Correlations between two sets of teacher performance variables were computed before and after training in teaching for higher order thinking…

School on Probation: Teaching That Changes Lives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stoehr, Taylor

2006-01-01

For the past dozen years the author has been teaching, along with other volunteers, in a program called "Changing Lives Through Literature," serving the Dorchester District Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Changing Lives began as a single experiment in New Bedford in 1991 and has spread entirely by word of mouth to a dozen…

The Multi-College Concept; Organization and Administration of the Community College in the State of Washington.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mills, Boyd

This study, by Eastern Washington State College, is an attempt to describe the "ideal" organizational structure of a community college in either a single- or multi-college district. It includes organizational charts, position descriptions, and decision-making responsibilities. State and federal law, existing collegiate and corporate…

Reemerging Sudan Ebola Virus Disease in Uganda, 2011

PubMed Central

Shoemaker, Trevor; Balinandi, Stephen; Campbell, Shelley; Wamala, Joseph Francis; McMullan, Laura K.; Downing, Robert; Lutwama, Julius; Mbidde, Edward; Ströher, Ute; Rollin, Pierre E.; Nichol, Stuart T.

2012-01-01

Two large outbreaks of Ebola hemorrhagic fever occurred in Uganda in 2000 and 2007. In May 2011, we identified a single case of Sudan Ebola virus disease in Luwero District. The establishment of a permanent in-country laboratory and cooperation between international public health entities facilitated rapid outbreak response and control activities. PMID:22931687

An Examination of Authentic Leadership Traits and Their Relation to Student Achievement Scores

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hunter, Robin C.

2017-01-01

The purpose of this quantitative, single case study was to examine principal perceptions of their own leadership traits which may impact student achievement. Principals in one Florida district were invited to participate in an open ended interview, providing their own perceptions of their personal leadership behaviors. By examining the data…

New Teacher Mentoring: Hopes and Promise for Improving Teacher Effectiveness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moir, Ellen; Barlin, Dara; Gless, Janet; Miles, Jan

2009-01-01

Teacher quality is the single most important lever schools have for raising student achievement. A substantial body of research indicates that new teachers are less able than their more experienced colleagues to help students fulfill their academic potential. Yet in many school districts--particularly those in urban settings--as many as half of…

Hidden Savings in your Bus Budget

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newby, Ruth

2005-01-01

School transportation industry statistics show the annual average costs for operating and maintaining a single school bus range from $34,000 to $38,000. Operating a school bus fleet at high efficiency has a real impact on the dollars saved for a school district and the reliability of transportation service to students. In this article, the author…

The Power of Verbal Scaffolding: "Showing" Beginning Readers How to Use Reading Strategies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ankrum, Julie W.; Genest, Maria T.; Belcastro, Elizabeth G.

2014-01-01

A single case study design was employed to describe the nature of one teacher's verbal scaffolding used during differentiated reading instruction in a kindergarten classroom. The teacher participant was selected from a group of exemplary teachers nominated from two school districts in southwestern Pennsylvania. Multiple sources of data, including…